hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Silver halide
A silver halide (or silver salt) is one of the chemical compounds that can form between the element silver (Ag) and one of the halogens. In particular, bromine (Br), chlorine (Cl), iodine (I) and fluorine (F) may each combine with silver to produce silver bromide (AgBr), silver chloride (AgCl), silver iodide (AgI), and four forms of silver fluoride, respectively.

As a group, they are often referred to as the silver halides, and are often given the pseudo-chemical notation AgX. Although most silver halides involve silver atoms with oxidation states of +1 (Ag+), silver halides in which the silver atoms have oxidation states of +2 (Ag2+) are known, of which silver(II) fluoride is the only known stable one.

Silver halides are light-sensitive chemicals, and are commonly used in photographic film and paper.

Chromogen
In chemistry, the term chromogen refers to a colourless (or faintly coloured) chemical compound that can be converted by chemical reaction into a compound which can be described as "coloured" (a chromophore). There is no universally agreed definition of the term. Various dictionaries give the following definitions:

A substance capable of conversion into a pigment or dye.

Any substance that can become a pigment or coloring matter, a substance in organic fluids that forms colored compounds when oxidized, or a compound, not itself a dye, that can become a dye.

Any substance, itself without color, giving origin to a coloring matter.

In biochemistry the term has a rather different meaning. The following are found in various dictionaries.

A precursor of a biochemical pigment

A pigment-producing microorganism

Any of certain bacteria that produce a pigment

A strongly pigmented or pigment-generating organelle, organ, or microorganism.
Nine Network
The Nine Network (stylized 9Network, and commonly known as Channel Nine or simply Nine) is an Australian commercial free-to-air television network. It is owned by parent company Nine Entertainment and is one of the five main free-to-air television networks in Australia.

From 2017 to 2021, the network's slogan was "We Are the One". Since 2021, the network has changed its slogan back to the one used from 1977–2006 "Still the One".

As of 2025, Nine Network is the second-rated television network in Australia, behind Seven Network, and ahead of ABC TV, Network 10 and SBS.

David Leckie
David John Leckie AM (4 May 1951 – 20 July 2021) was an Australian media manager, best known as a network television executive. Leckie was the chief executive officer of the Nine Network between 1990 and 2001 and Seven West Media from 2003 to 2012. Afterwards he was for four years an executive director at Seven Group Holdings, which holds investments in Seven West, earthmoving company WesTrac and the Agricultural Bank of China.
2009 UEFA European Under-19 Championship qualification
2009 UEFA U-19 Championship (qualifying round) was the first round of qualifications for the Final Tournament of 2009 UEFA European Under-19 Championship. The final tournament of the 2009 UEFA European Under-19 Championship is preceded by two qualification stages: a qualifying round and an Elite round. During these rounds, 52 national teams are competing to determine the seven teams that will join the already qualified host nation Ukraine.

The first qualifying round was played between 2 October and 27 November 2008. The 52 teams were divided into 13 groups of four teams, with each group being contested as a mini-tournament, hosted by one of the group's teams. After all matches have been played, the 13 group winners and 13 group runners-up advanced to the Elite round. Alongside the 26 winner and runner-up teams, the two best third-placed teams also qualified.

The host team of each group's mini-tournament are indicated in italics in the tables below.

2010 UEFA European Under-19 Championship qualification
2010 UEFA U-19 Championship (qualifying round) was the first round of qualifications for the final tournament of 2010 UEFA European Under-19 Championship. The final tournament of the 2010 UEFA European Under-19 Championship is preceded by two qualification stages: a qualifying round and an Elite round. During these rounds, 52 national teams competed to determine the seven teams that will join the already qualified host nation France.

The first qualifying round was played between 1 September and 30 November 2009. The 52 teams were divided into 13 groups of four teams, with each group being contested as a mini-tournament, hosted by one of the group's teams. After all matches have been played, the 13 group winners and 13 group runners-up advanced to the Elite round. Alongside the 26 winner and runner-up teams, the two best third-placed teams also qualified.
1961 Five Nations Championship
The 1961 Five Nations Championship was the thirty-second series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the sixty-seventh series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 7 January and 15 April. It was contested by England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.

1962 Five Nations Championship
The 1962 Five Nations Championship was the thirty-third series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the sixty-eighth series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 13 January and 17 November. It was contested by England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.

A smallpox epidemic in South Wales in March and April caused the match between Ireland and Wales to be postponed until November 1962.
Ward (electoral subdivision)
A ward is a local authority area, typically used for electoral purposes. In some countries, wards are usually named after neighbourhoods, thoroughfares, parishes, landmarks, geographical features and in some cases historical figures connected to the area (e.g. William Morris Ward in the London Borough of Waltham Forest, England). It is common in the United States for wards to simply be numbered.

Cardiff County Borough Council
Cardiff County Borough Council, known as Cardiff City Council after Cardiff achieved city status in 1905, was the elected local authority that administered the town (later city) and county borough of Cardiff, Glamorgan, Wales between 1889 and 1974. The county borough council was replaced in 1974 by a district council, covering part of South Glamorgan and also known as Cardiff City Council.
Albany County, New York
Albany County (/ˈɔːlbəni/ ⓘ AWL-bə-nee) is a county in the state of New York, United States. Its northern border is formed by the Mohawk River, at its confluence with the Hudson River, which is to the east. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 314,848. The county seat and largest city is Albany, which is also the state capital of New York. As originally established by the English government in the colonial era, Albany County had an indefinite amount of land, but has had an area of 530 square miles (1,400 km2) since March 3, 1888. The county is named for the Duke of York and of Albany, who became James II of England (James VII of Scotland). The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.

St. Lawrence County, New York
St. Lawrence County is the northernmost county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 108,505. The county seat is Canton.
The county is named for the Saint Lawrence River. This was as named by early French explorer Jacques Cartier for the Christian saint Lawrence of Rome, as he visited the river on the saint's feast day. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.

St. Lawrence County comprises the Ogdensburg-Massena, NY Micropolitan Statistical Area and is New York's largest county by area.
Nielsen Holdings
Nielsen Holdings plc (or simply Nielsen) is an American media audience measurement firm. Nielsen operates in over 100 countries and employs approximately 15,000 people worldwide.

For most of its history, the company was known for its two subsidiaries, Nielsen Media Research, which was responsible for TV ratings, and AC Nielsen, which was responsible for consumer shopping trends and box-office data. Nielsen Media Research later evolved into Global Media division and the AC Nielsen later evolved into Global Connect division. The company later decided to retain its Global Media division and divested the Global Connect division (NielsenIQ, the former AC Nielsen) to private equity firm Advent International in March 2021.

The company was listed on the New York Stock Exchange and used to be a component of the S&P 500.

Billboard Latin pop charts
The Billboard Latin pop charts began in 1985 when an album chart were introduced as Latin Pop Albums in the June 29 issue of the magazine.  In October 1994, Billboard then established Latin Pop Airplay, which initially rank the most-played songs played on Latin pop radio stations before switching to a genre-based methodology in August 2020. As the music and radio industries, as well as the technology to monitor and measure sales and airplay, have evolved, Billboard currently publishes three different Latin pop charts. On April 8, 2025, Billboard debuted the Hot Latin Pop Songs chart, which ranks the best-performing Latin pop songs across streaming, digital, and airplay from all radio stations in the United States.

By "Latin pop", Billboard generally refers to the genre as Spanish-speaking pop music, including pop ballads, mid-tempo or up-tempo pop as well as "young pop sounds", "the new Spanish-language rock", pop-rhythmic and pop-dance tunes.
Hamarkameratene
Hamarkameratene (lit. 'the Hamar Comrades'), often abbreviated to HamKam or Ham-Kam, is a Norwegian professional football club based in the town of Hamar. The club was founded in 1918, originally under the name Freidig.

HamKam were most recently promoted to the Eliteserien in 2021. A third-place finish in 1970 is the highest position that the team has held in the top division; the club has never progressed beyond the semifinals of the Norwegian Cup, last reaching the semifinals in 1989.

Briskeby Stadion has been the home ground of Hamarkameratene since 1936. The construction of a completely modernized stadium began in 2007 but has never been completed. Originally scheduled to be completed in 2009, the expanded Briskeby is expected to have a capacity of 10,200 spectators on completion, but currently has a capacity of approximately 8,100.

Kristiansund BK
Kristiansund BK is a Norwegian professional football club located in Kristiansund that currently plays in Eliteserien. The team plays its home matches in the 4,444-capacity Kristiansund Stadion.

Kristiansund BK was formed in the autumn of 2003, when two rival clubs of Kristiansund, Kristiansund FK and Clausenengen FK, agreed to establish a new elite team.
Albania national under-19 football team
The Albania national under-19 football team represents Albania in international football at this age level in the UEFA European Under-19 Championship and the FIFA U-20 World Cup, as well as any other under-19 international football tournaments. It is controlled by Albanian Football Association, the governing body for football in Albania.

Austria national under-19 football team
The Austria national under-19 football team is the national under-19 football team of Austria and is controlled by the Austrian Football Association.

The team competes in the UEFA European Under-19 Championship which is held every year.
Orinoco
The Orinoco (Spanish pronunciation: [oɾiˈnoko]) is one of the longest rivers in South America at 2,140 km (1,330 mi). Its drainage basin, sometimes known as the Orinoquia, covers approximately 1,000,000 km2 (390,000 sq mi), with 65% of it in Venezuela and 35% in Colombia. It is the fourth largest river in the world by discharge volume of water (39,000 m3/s (1,400,000 cu ft/s) at delta) due to the high precipitation throughout its catchment area (2,300 millimetres per are [0.084 in/sq ft]). The Orinoco River and its tributaries are the major transportation system for eastern and interior Venezuela and the Llanos of Colombia. The environment and wildlife in the Orinoco's basin are extremely diverse.

Tepui
A tepui (/ˈtɛpwi/), or tepuy (Spanish: [teˈpuj]), is a member of a family of table-top mountains or mesas found in northern South America, especially in Venezuela, western Guyana, and northern Brazil. The word tepui means "house of the gods" in the native tongue of the Pemon, the indigenous people who inhabit the Gran Sabana.

Tepuis tend to be found as isolated entities rather than in connected ranges, which makes them the host of a unique array of endemic plant and animal species. Notable tepuis include Auyantepui, Autana, Neblina, and Mount Roraima. They are typically composed of sheer blocks of Precambrian quartz arenite sandstone that rise abruptly from the jungle. Auyantepui is the source of Angel Falls, the world's tallest waterfall.
Chris Gascoyne
Chris Gascoyne (born 31 January 1968) is an English film, theatre and television actor. He is best known for his role as Peter Barlow in the soap opera Coronation Street. Making his first appearance in December 2000 during a live, 50 minute episode for the show's 40th anniversary.

Rob Donovan
Rob Donovan is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera Coronation Street, played by Marc Baylis. Introduced as the brother of Carla Connor (Alison King), he made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 9 July 2012. It was announced in June 2014 that Baylis would be leaving the role after two years following his involvement in a storyline where Rob was responsible for murdering Tina McIntyre (Michelle Keegan). Rob departed on 5 November 2014. It was reported in August 2015 that Baylis would be reprising the role as Rob, and he returned to filming in October for a short storyline. His return aired on 4 December 2015 and he departed a month later, on 4 January 2016. He returned again on 19 April 2017 and departed on 8 May 2017. Rob returned once again in January 2025.
Slovak language
Slovak (/ˈsloʊvæk, -vɑːk/ SLOH-va(h)k; endonym: slovenčina [ˈslɔʋent͡ʂina] or slovenský jazyk [ˈslɔʋenskiː ˈjazik] ⓘ), is a West Slavic language of the Czech–Slovak group, written in Latin script. It is part of the Indo-European language family, and is one of the Slavic languages, which are part of the larger Balto-Slavic branch. Spoken by approximately five million people as a native language, primarily ethnic Slovaks, it serves as the official language of Slovakia and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union.

Slovak is closely related to Czech, to the point of very high mutual intelligibility, as well as to Polish. Like other Slavic languages, Slovak is a fusional language with a complex system of morphology and relatively flexible word order. Its vocabulary has been extensively influenced by Latin and German, as well as other Slavic languages.

Hlavné námestie (Bratislava)
Hlavné námestie (literally "Main Square") is one of the best known squares in Bratislava, Slovakia. It is located in the Old Town and it is often considered to be the center of the city.

Some of the main landmarks found in the square are the Old Town Hall and Roland Fountain.
Victoria Sugden
Victoria Sugden (also Barton) is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera Emmerdale, played since 12 October 2006 by Isabel Hodgins. As a young child, Victoria was played by Jessica Heywood until 1997, followed by Hannah Midgley from 1997 to 2006. Victoria is currently the longest serving female character on the soap. Her storylines have included surviving an explosion which she caused, being put in psychiatric care, being bullied at school, romancing Daz Eden (Luke Tittensor), marrying Adam Barton (Adam Thomas), accidentally running over Ashley Thomas (John Middleton), coping when Adam goes on the run, falling in love with Adam's brother Matty (Ash Palmisciano), being the victim of rape during a night out in April 2019, leading to her pregnancy, giving birth to a son named Harry, and finding out she has a long-lost half brother called John (Oliver Farnworth).

List of Emmerdale characters introduced in 2013
Emmerdale is a British soap opera first broadcast on 16 October 1972. The following is a list of characters that first appeared during 2013, by order of first appearance. Ross Barton (Michael Parr) made his debut in July. Joanie Wright (Denise Black) made her first appearance in August. October saw the introduction of Lindy (Nimmy March), the mother of established character Ruby Haswell (Alicya Eyo), and former Coronation Street actor Bill Ward as James Barton. Harriet Finch (Katherine Dow Blyton) and Gil Keane (David Easter) debuted in November, while Pete, played by Hollyoaks star Anthony Quinlan, and Finn Barton (Joe Gill) arrived in December. Additionally, multiple other characters appear throughout the year.
Ramsey, Isle of Man
Ramsey (Manx: Rhumsaa) is a coastal town in the north of the Isle of Man. It is the island's largest town after Douglas was granted city status in 2024.  Ramsey's population is 8,288 according to the 2021 Census. It has one of the biggest harbours on the Island, and has a prominent semi-derelict pier, called the Queen's Pier (currently under restoration). It was formerly one of the main points of communication with Scotland. Ramsey has also been a route for several invasions by the Vikings and Scots.

Ramsey is also known as "Royal Ramsey" due to royal visits by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in 1847 and by King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra in 1902.

Michael, Isle of Man
Michael (Manx: Maayl) is one of the six sheadings of the Isle of Man. It is located on the west of the island (part of the traditional North Side division) and consists of the three historic parishes of Ballaugh, Jurby and Michael.

The villages of Kirk Michael and Ballaugh are the two principal settlements in the sheading, with the parish of Jurby being more sparsely populated. Michael sheading is predominantly agricultural.
Jazz Tour
The Jazz Tour was the sixth headlining concert tour by the British rock band Queen, supporting the album Jazz. The tour was memorable for the spectacle created by the band. As James Henke of Rolling Stone said about the band's Halloween 1978 concert in New Orleans: "...when they were launching a U.S. tour in support of their Jazz, album, Queen threw a bash in New Orleans that featured snake charmers, strippers, crossdressers and a naked fat lady who smoked cigarettes in her crotch." Part of the European leg was recorded for the band's first live album, Live Killers.

The Game Tour
The Game Tour was the eighth headlining concert tour by the British rock band Queen to support their successful 1980 album The Game. This tour featured the first performances in South America by the group.
Tolhuaca National Park
Tolhuaca National Park (Spanish pronunciation: [tolˈwaka]) is a protected area created on October 16, 1935, in an area of 3,500 ha that was previously part of the Malleco National Reserve. In 1985, a second section of Malleco National Reserve was also made part of the national park. Malleco National Reserve was the first protected wildlife area in both Chile and South America, so the land within Tolhuaca National Park is one of the oldest protected areas on the continent.

Malalcahuello-Nalcas
Malalcahuello-Nalcas is a protected area comprising two adjoining national reserves: Malalcahuello and Nalcas. It is located in the Andes, in the Araucanía Region of Chile and bordering the Bío-Bío Region.

The landscape of the area is dominated by the volcanoes Lonquimay and Tolhuaca.

The combined Reserva Nacional Malalcahuello-Nalcas covers 313 km2, with the boundary between the Reserva Nacional Nalcas (to the north) and the Reserva Nacional Malalcahuello (to the south) crossing the summit of Lonquimay.

Sandy volcanic soil covers much of the area, with large forested areas dominated by araucaria trees. Widespread logging took place in the 1950s.

A number of trekking paths can be followed, including a route encircling Lonquimay. Many of these start from the administrative centre of the reserve, operated by CONAF, at the village of Malalcahuello.
International Criminal Court investigation in Georgia
The International Criminal Court opened a proprio motu investigation in the Situation in Georgia on 27 January 2016 to look into war crimes and crimes against humanity that may have occurred in and around South Ossetia in the context of an international armed conflict between Georgia and Russia between 1 July and 10 October 2008. The investigation phase was announced to have been completed on 16 December 2022. Arrest warrants for crimes committed against Georgian civilians were issued against three high-ranking officials in the Russian-backed South Ossetian government. A fourth suspect, a senior Russian general, was not indicted as he had died in 2021.

International Criminal Court investigation in Bangladesh/Myanmar
The International Criminal Court Investigation in Bangladesh/Myanmar is an investigation by the International Criminal Court for crimes related to the deportation of Rohingya from Myanmar to Bangladesh that occurred since 1 June 2010 partly in Bangladesh and partly in Myanmar. The full investigation started on 14 November 2019. An arrest warrant for Min Aung Hlaing for crimes against humanity was requested on 27 November 2024.
Aragon Offensive
The Aragon Offensive was an important military campaign during the Spanish Civil War, which began after the Battle of Teruel. The offensive, which ran from March 7, 1938, to April 19, 1938, smashed the Republican forces, overran Aragon, and conquered parts of Catalonia and the Levante.

24th Division (Spain)
The 24th Division was one of the divisions of the Spanish Republican Army that were organized during the Spanish Civil War on the basis of mixed brigades. Throughout the war, the unit was deployed on the Andalusian, Madrid, Aragon and Segre fronts, taking part in some of the main battles.
Retiro (Madrid)
Retiro is a district located at the southeast of the city centre of Madrid, Spain. Its area is of 5.38 square kilometres (2.08 sq mi), the number of houses is 46,512 and the population, as of 2005, was of 126,058.

City Council of Madrid
The City Council of Madrid (Spanish: Ayuntamiento de Madrid) is the top-tier administrative and governing body of Madrid, the capital and biggest city of Spain.

The city council is composed by three bodies: the mayor, who leads the city council and the executive branch of it; the governing council (Junta de Gobierno), which is the main body of the executive branch composed by the mayor and the councillors appointed by him; and the Plenary, a democratically elected assembly which represents the people of Madrid. The current mayor of Madrid is José Luis Martínez-Almeida since June 2019.
Madhubani district
Madhubani district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar, India, and is a part of Darbhanga division. Its administrative headquarters are located in Madhubani. The district has an area of 3,501 square kilometres (1,352 sq mi) and has a population of 4,487,379 (as of 2011).

Madhubani is the largest fish-producing district of Bihar in 2022.

Raj Darbhanga
The Darbhanga Raj, also known as Raj Darbhanga and the Khandwala dynasty, was a  chieftaincy located within the Mughal province of Bihar which controlled territories, not all contiguous, that were part of the Mithila region now divided between India and Nepal. The rulers of Raj Darbhanga were Maithil Brahmins and their seat in the town of Darbhanga became the core of the Mithila region as the rulers were patrons of Maithil culture and the Maithili language.

At its peak, the dynasty encompassed over 4000 square miles (10,360 km2) and is described as the "largest and richest of the North Bihar zamindaris and one of the greatest zamindaris of British India". Despite not being recognised as a princely state by the British Raj, Darbhanga was larger and held more magisterial powers than many princely states, particularly those in Western India.