hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pacifism
Pacifism is the opposition to war or violence. The word pacifism was coined by the French peace campaigner Émile Arnaud and adopted by other peace activists at the tenth Universal Peace Congress in Glasgow in 1901. A related term is ahimsa (to do no harm), which is a core philosophy in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. While modern connotations are recent, having been explicated since the 19th century, ancient references abound.

In modern times, interest was revived by Leo Tolstoy in his late works, particularly in The Kingdom of God Is Within You. Mahatma Gandhi propounded the practice of steadfast nonviolent opposition which he called "satyagraha", instrumental in its role in the Indian independence movement. Its effectiveness served as inspiration to Martin Luther King Jr., James Lawson, Mary and Charles Beard, James Bevel, Thích Nhất Hạnh, and many others in the civil rights movement.

Christian pacifism
Christian pacifism is the theological and ethical position according to which pacifism and non-violence have both a scriptural and rational basis for Christians, and affirms that any form of violence is incompatible with the Christian faith. Christian pacifists state that Jesus himself was a pacifist who taught and practiced pacifism and that his followers must do likewise. Notable Christian pacifists include Martin Luther King Jr., Leo Tolstoy, Adin Ballou, Dorothy Day, Ammon Hennacy, and brothers Daniel and Philip Berrigan.

Christian anarchists, such as Ballou and Hennacy, believe that adherence to Christianity requires not just pacifism but, because governments inevitably threatened or used force to resolve conflicts, anarchism. Most Christian pacifists, including the peace churches, Christian Peacemaker Teams, and individuals like John Howard Yoder, make no claim to be anarchists.
Brockton, Massachusetts
Brockton is a city in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States. Its population was 105,643 at the 2020 United States census, and it is a major economic and commercial hub for the southern part of Greater Boston. Along with Plymouth, it is one of the two county seats of the county. It is the sixth-largest city in Massachusetts and is sometimes referred to as the "City of Champions", due to the success of native boxers Rocky Marciano and Marvin Hagler, as well as its successful Brockton High School sports programs. Two villages within it are Montello and Campello, both of which have MBTA Commuter Rail Stations and post offices. Campello is the smallest neighborhood, but also the most populous. Brockton hosts a baseball team, the Brockton Rox of the Frontier League. It is the second-windiest city in the United States, with an average wind speed of 14.3 mph (23.0 km/h).

Framingham, Massachusetts
Framingham (/ˈfreɪmɪŋhæm/ ⓘ) is a city in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts,  United States. Incorporated in 1700, it is located in Middlesex County and the MetroWest subregion of the Greater Boston metropolitan area. The city proper covers 25 square miles (65 km2) with a population of 72,362 in 2020, making it the 14th most populous municipality in Massachusetts. Residents voted in favor of adopting a charter to transition from a representative town meeting system to a mayor–council government in April 2017, and the municipality transitioned to city status on January 1, 2018. Before it transitioned, it had been the largest town by population in Massachusetts.

The city has one of the largest Brazilian American populations in the United States, with a considerable Brazilian presence since the 1980s.
Merrick, New York
Merrick is a  hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the Town of Hempstead in Nassau County, on the South Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. As of the 2019 census, the population was 20,130.

North Bellmore, New York
North Bellmore is a census-designated place (CDP) in the Town of Hempstead in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 19,941 at the time of the 2010 census.

North Bellmore, along with Bellmore, are referred to collectively as "The Bellmores".
Martha Argerich
Martha Argerich (Argentinian Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmaɾta aɾxeˈɾitʃ]; Eastern Catalan: [əɾʒəˈɾik]; born 5 June 1941) is an Argentine classical concert pianist. Argerich is noted especially for her interpretations of the works by composers such as Chopin, Ravel, Liszt, Prokofiev, and Schumann, and is generally  regarded as one of the greatest living pianists.

Born and raised in Buenos Aires, Argerich gave her debut concert at the age of eight before receiving further piano training in Europe. At sixteen, she won both the Geneva International Music Competition and the Ferruccio Busoni International Competition, and her international career was launched after winning the International Chopin Piano Competition in 1965. Since the 1980s, she has prioritized collaborative performance, appearing frequently with artists including Nelson Freire, Mischa Maisky, and Gidon Kremer.

Herbert von Karajan
Herbert von Karajan (German: [ˈhɛʁbɛʁt fɔn ˈka(ː)ʁajan] ⓘ; born Heribert Adolf Ernst Karajan; 5 April 1908 – 16 July 1989) was an Austrian conductor. He was principal conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic for 34 years. During the Nazi era, he debuted at the Salzburg Festival, with the Vienna Philharmonic, the Berlin Philharmonic, and during World War II he conducted at the Berlin State Opera. Generally regarded as one of the greatest conductors of the 20th century, he was a controversial but dominant figure in European classical music from the mid-1950s until his death. Part of the reason for this was the large number of recordings he made and their prominence during his lifetime. By one estimate, he sold 200 million records.
Dorian Electra
Dorian Electra Fridkin Gomberg (born June 25, 1992) is an American singer and songwriter. Electra is known for their non-conforming fashion, queer aesthetics, and experimental pop sound. Their debut studio album, Flamboyant, was released in 2019, followed by their second studio album, My Agenda, in 2020. They released their third studio album, Fanfare, in 2023. Electra is genderfluid and uses they/them pronouns.

100 gecs
100 gecs (/ˌwʌn ˌhʌndrəd ˈɡɛks/) is an American musical duo formed in 2015 that consists of Dylan Brady and Laura Les. They self-released their debut album, 1000 gecs, in 2019 to positive reviews, followed by a companion remix album, 1000 gecs and the Tree of Clues, in 2020. They released their second studio album, 10,000 gecs, in 2023. Their music has been noted for its often chaotic yet catchy mixture of various styles, and has been described as helping to define the hyperpop genre.
Pakistan Bar Council
The Pakistan Bar Council (PBC) (Urdu: پاکستان بار کونسل) was established by the Parliament in 1973 under the Legal Practitioners and Bar Councils Act. It is the highest elected body of lawyers in Pakistan.

It has twenty-two members elected from across the country representing each province. The members of the Pakistan Bar Council are elected on the basis of a single transferable vote by the members of the Provincial Bar Councils (i.e., Punjab Bar Council, Sindh Bar Council, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Bar Council, Balochistan Bar Council and Islamabad Bar Council).

Pakistan Bar Council is a regulating authority for lawyers in Pakistan and is one of the accredited councils by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan.

Lahore High Court Bar Association
The Lahore High Court Bar Association (Urdu:  عدالتِ عالیہ لاہور مجلسِ وکلاء) is situated in Lahore.

Lahore Bar (presently Lahore High Court Bar) as a collective group took birth somewhere before 1892-93 and its first President was elected in 1893. In 1910 the Executive Committee recommended that the Bar Association should be registered accordingly. The General House on 9 June 1910, accepted the recommendations and registered it as Bar Association.
Salvatore Accardo
Salvatore Accardo (Italian pronunciation: [salvaˈtoːre akˈkardo]; Knight Grand Cross born 26 September 1941 in Turin, northern Italy) is an Italian violinist and conductor, who is known for his interpretations of the works of Niccolò Paganini.

Accardo owns one Stradivarius violin, the "Hart ex Francescatti" (1727) and had the "Firebird ex Saint-Exupéry" (1718).

Quartetto Italiano
The Quartetto Italiano (English: Italian Quartet) was a string quartet founded in Reggio Emilia in 1945. They made their debut in 1945 in Carpi when all four players were still in their early 20s. They were originally named Nuovo Quartetto Italiano (to distinguish the ensemble from another "Quartetto Italiano", which had been founded at the beginning of the twentieth century by the violinist Remigio (Remy) Prìncipe) before dropping the "Nuovo" tag in 1951. They are particularly noted for their recording of the complete cycle of Beethoven string quartets, made between 1967 and 1975. The quartet disbanded in 1980.

The secretary and historian of the Quartet was Guido Alberto Borciani (Reggio Emilia, 20 October 1920 – 4 April 2008), brother of Paolo Borciani, the quartet's founder and player of the 1st violin part. A mechanical engineer and talented pianist, Guido Alberto founded in 1987 the Premio Paolo Borciani.
Vijay Singh
Vijay Singh CF (Fiji Hindi: विजय सिंह pronounced [ˈʋɪdʒəj sɪ̃ɦ]; born 22 February 1963) is a Fijian professional golfer. In 1982, Singh turned professional and played on the local Asia Golf Circuit. However, his early career met with controversy, as he was accused of numerous rules violations, and he was banned from the AGC. Singh turned to Africa and Europe where he had much success on the respective tours, the Safari Circuit and European Tour, winning several times on each. In 1993, he won the PGA Tour's Buick Classic, earning him tour membership and ultimately Rookie of the Years honors. In 1998, he won his first major championship, the PGA Championship, and two years later the Masters. In 2004, Singh had one of the best seasons in the history of golf, winning nine times including the PGA Championship, overtaking Tiger Woods as the #1 golfer in the world.

Frank Nobilo
Frank Ivan Joseph Nobilo CNZM (born 14 May 1960) is a New Zealand professional golfer. Nobilo had a successful playing career, winning 14 pro tournaments around the world. He was at his peak during the mid-1990s when he also produced strong finishes in all four major championships. Since his 2003 retirement, Nobilo has worked as a television announcer for golf events.
Parker Kligerman
Parker Lindsley Kligerman (born August 8, 1990) is an American semi-retired professional stock car racing driver, color commentator for NASCAR on The CW, studio talent for NASCAR on TNT Sports, and pit reporter for NASCAR on NBC. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, driving the No. 75 Chevrolet Silverado RST for Henderson Motorsports, and in the IMSA SportsCar Championship driving the No. 78 Lamborghini Huracán GT3 Evo 2 for Forte Racing in the GTD class. Kligerman is a former development driver for Team Penske. He has worked for NBC since 2015 as a TV analyst and pit reporter. In 2023, Kligerman co-founded the motorsports media company "The Money Lap" with Landon Cassill.

Austin Hill
Austin Edward Hill (born April 21, 1994) is an American racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series, driving the No. 21 Chevrolet Camaro SS for Richard Childress Racing. Hill previously owned NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series and ARCA Menards Series team Austin Hill Racing from 2013 to 2017.
Ottapalam
Ottapalam (also spelled Ottappalam) is a town, taluk, and municipality in the Palakkad District of Kerala, India. It is the administrative headquarters of Ottapalam taluk and is located approximately 34 km (21 mi) from the Palakkad (district HQ), along the banks of the Bharathapuzha River, the second-longest river in the state.

It is one of the major commercial centres in the district. It is also one of the major filming locations in Kerala.

Perinthalmanna taluk
Perinthalmanna Taluk, formerly known as Walluvanad Taluk, comes under Perinthalmanna revenue division in Malappuram district of Kerala, India. Its headquarters is the town of Perinthalmanna. The taluk encompasses 24 revenue villages. Perinthalmanna Taluk contains Perinthalmanna Municipality and 15 Gram panchayats. Most of the administrative offices are located in the Mini-Civil Station at Perinthalmanna.
Stephen F. Williams
Stephen Fain Williams (September 23, 1936 – August 7, 2020) was an American lawyer and jurist who was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit from 1986 until his death from COVID-19 in 2020.

A. Raymond Randolph
Arthur Raymond Randolph (born November 1, 1943) is an American lawyer and jurist serving as a senior U.S. circuit judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia. He was appointed to the D.C. Circuit in 1990 by President George H. W. Bush and assumed senior status in 2008.
Taormina
Taormina (UK: /ˌtɑːɔːrˈmiːnə/ TAH-or-MEE-nə, US: /-nɑː/ -⁠nah, also /taʊərˈ-/, Italian: [ta.orˈmiːna]; Sicilian: Taurmina) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Messina, on the east coast of the island of Sicily, Italy. Taormina has been a tourist destination since the 19th century. Its beaches on the Ionian Sea, including that of Isola Bella, are accessible via an aerial tramway built in 1992, and via highways from Messina in the north and Catania in the south.

Lentini
Lentini (Italian: [lenˈtiːni]; Sicilian: Lintini; Latin: Leontīnī; Ancient Greek: Λεοντῖνοι, romanized: Leontînoi) is a town and comune in the Province of Syracuse, southeastern Sicily (Southern Italy), located 35 km (22 miles) north-west of Syracuse.
Boulder, Colorado
Boulder is a home rule city that is the county seat of, and the most populous municipality in, Boulder County, Colorado, United States. With a population of 108,250 at the 2020 census, it is the 12th-most populous city in Colorado. Boulder is the primary city of the Boulder, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had 330,758 residents in 2020, and is part of the Front Range Urban Corridor.

Boulder is located at the base of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, at an elevation of 5,430 feet (1,655 m) above sea level. The city is 25 miles (40 km) northwest of the Colorado state capital of Denver. Boulder is a college town, hosting the University of Colorado Boulder, the flagship and largest campus of the University of Colorado system, as well as numerous research institutes. Starting in 2027, Boulder will become the new home of the Sundance Film Festival.

University of Colorado Law School
The University of Colorado Law School is one of the professional graduate schools within the University of Colorado System. It is a public law school, with more than 500 students attending and working toward a Juris Doctor or Master of Studies in Law. The Wolf Law Building is located in Boulder, Colorado, and is sited on the south side of the University of Colorado at Boulder campus. The law school houses the William A. Wise Law Library, which is a regional archive for federal government materials and is open to the public. United States Supreme Court Justice Wiley Blount Rutledge graduated from the University of Colorado Law School in 1922.

According to Colorado's official 2015 ABA-required disclosures, 74.2% of the Class of 2015 obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment nine months after graduation. For 2015 graduates, the overall employment rate was 96% at 10 months after graduation, including JD-required, JD-advantaged, and other positions.
Tom Miller (politician)
Thomas John Miller (born August 11, 1944) is an American lawyer and politician who served as the 33rd Attorney General of Iowa from 1995 until his defeat in 2023. After the defeat of West Virginia Attorney General Darrell McGraw in 2012 when running for reelection, Miller became the longest serving State Attorney General in the United States.

A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served in the same position from 1979 to 1991 as the state's 31st Attorney General. Miller's combined tenure of 40 years in office makes him the longest serving State Attorney General in United States history, having surpassed Frank J. Kelley's 37-year term of office as Michigan Attorney General; Kelley still holds the record for longest continuous tenure as an attorney general, having served from 1961 to 1999.

Michael Fitzgerald (Iowa politician)
Michael L. Fitzgerald (born November 29, 1951) is an American businessman and politician who served as the 25th Treasurer of Iowa from 1983 to 2023. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the longest-serving state treasurer in the United States.
Winnipeg Blue Bombers
The Winnipeg Blue Bombers are a professional Canadian football team based in Winnipeg. The Blue Bombers compete in the Canadian Football League (CFL) as a member club of the league's West division. They play their home games at Princess Auto Stadium.

The Blue Bombers were founded in 1930 as the Winnipeg Rugby Football Club, later changed to the Winnipeg Football Club, which is the organization's legal name. The Blue Bombers are one of two community owned teams, without shareholders, in the CFL.

Since their establishment, the Blue Bombers have won the Grey Cup championship 12 times, most recently in 2021 CFL season when they defeated the Hamilton Tiger-Cats 33–25 in the 108th Grey Cup. The team holds the record for most Grey Cup appearances of any team (29) and Winnipeg were the first club in Western Canada to win a championship.

2024 CFL season
The 2024 CFL season was the 70th season of modern professional Canadian football. Officially, it was the 66th season of the Canadian Football League. Vancouver hosted the 111th Grey Cup on November 17, 2024. The regular season started on June 6 and ended on October 26, with 18 games played per team over 21 weeks.
List of NFL Rookie of the Year awards
Various entities present an NFL Rookie of the Year award each season to the top rookies in the National Football League (NFL). The NFL considers the rookie of the year awards by the Associated Press (AP) to be its official honor. Since 2011, the AP awards have been presented at the NFL Honors.

Jayden Daniels
Jayden Daniels (born December 18, 2000) is an American professional football quarterback for the Washington Commanders of the National Football League (NFL). Daniels played three seasons of college football for the Arizona State Sun Devils. He played two more with the LSU Tigers, winning the Heisman Trophy in 2023 after leading the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) in total yards and setting its single-season passer rating record.

Daniels was selected by the Commanders second overall in the 2024 NFL draft. He set several rookie records while leading the Commanders to their most wins in a season and first NFC Championship Game appearance since 1991, earning Offensive Rookie of the Year and Pro Bowl honors. A walk-off touchdown pass thrown by Daniels during the final seconds of a game, known as the Hail Maryland, was also named the season's Moment of the Year. His second season was marred by injury, with him missing the majority of the season.
Mantle plume
A mantle plume is a proposed mechanism of convection within the Earth's mantle, hypothesized to explain anomalous volcanism. Because the plume head partially melts on reaching shallow depths, a plume is often invoked as the cause of volcanic hotspots, such as Hawaii or Iceland, and large igneous provinces such as the Deccan and Siberian Traps. Some such volcanic regions lie far from tectonic plate boundaries, while others represent unusually large-volume volcanism near plate boundaries.

East African Rift
The East African Rift (EAR) or East African Rift System (EARS) is an active continental rift zone in East Africa. The EAR began developing around the onset of the Miocene, 22–25 million years ago. It is considered to be part of a larger system, formerly known as the Great Rift Valley, that extends north to Asia Minor, also known as Anatolia.

A narrow zone, the rift is a developing divergent tectonic plate boundary where the African plate is in the process of splitting into two tectonic plates, called the Somali plate and the Nubian plate, at a rate of 8–9 mm (0.31–0.35 in) per year. The rift system consists of three microplates, the Victoria microplate to the north, and the Rovuma and Lwandle microplates to the south.  The Victoria microplate is rotating anti-clockwise with respect to the African plate. Its rotation is caused by the configuration of mechanically weaker and stronger lithospheric regions in the EARS.

Many of the African Great Lakes lie within the Rift Valley.
Attila (opera)
Attila is an opera in a prologue and three acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Temistocle Solera, based on the 1809 play Attila, König der Hunnen (Attila, King of the Huns) by Zacharias Werner. The opera received its first performance at La Fenice in Venice on 17 March 1846.

Ezio's act 2 aria of heroic resolution "È gettata la mia sorte" (My lot is cast, I am prepared for any warfare) is a fine example of a characteristic Verdian genre, and it achieved fame in its own time with audiences in the context of the adoption of a liberal constitution by Ferdinand II. Other contemporary comment praised the work as suitable for the "political education of the people", while, in contrast, others criticised the opera as "Teutonic" in nature.

Alzira (opera)
Alzira is an opera in a prologue and two acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Salvatore Cammarano, based on the 1736 play Alzire, ou les Américains by Voltaire.

The first performance was at the Teatro San Carlo, Naples, on 12 August 1845. The contemporary reviews were mixed, and the first run of the opera received only four further performances.
Victory Road (2024)
The 2024 Victory Road was a professional wrestling event produced by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. It took place on September 13, 2024, at the Boeing Center at Tech Port in San Antonio, Texas, and aired on TNA+. It is the 18th event under the Victory Road chronology.

Nine matches were contested at the event, including two on the Countdown to Victory Road pre-show. In the main event, Nic Nemeth defeated Moose to retain the TNA World Championship. In other prominent matches, Jordynne Grace defeated NXT superstar Wendy Choo to retain the TNA Knockouts World Championship, The System (Brian Myers and Eddie Edwards) defeated ABC (Ace Austin and Chris Bey) to win the TNA World Tag Team Championship, and Joe Hendry defeated Josh Alexander.

TNA Turning Point (2024)
The 2024 Turning Point was a professional wrestling event produced by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling as a part of WrestleCade. It took place on November 29, 2024, at the Benton Convention Center in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and aired on TNA+. It was the 19th event under the Turning Point chronology.

Eight matches were contested at the event, including one on the Countdown to Turning Point pre-show. In the main event, Nic Nemeth defeated Eddie Edwards to retain the TNA World Championship. In other prominent matches, Masha Slamovich defeated Jordynne Grace 2–1 in a two out of three falls match to retain the TNA Knockouts World Championship, Steve Maclin defeated Josh Alexander in a No Disqualification match, and Moose defeated Laredo Kid to retain the TNA X Division Championship. The event also featured the TNA debut of Matt Riddle.