hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Caledonian Railway
The Caledonian Railway (CR) was one of the two biggest of the five major Scottish railway companies prior to the 1923 Grouping. It was formed in 1845 with the objective of forming a link between English railways and Glasgow. It progressively extended its network and reached Edinburgh and Aberdeen, with a dense network of branch lines in the area surrounding Glasgow. It was absorbed into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in 1923. Many of its principal routes are still used, and the original main line between Carlisle and Glasgow is in use as part of the West Coast Main Line railway (with a modified entry into Glasgow itself).

Southern Uplands
The Southern Uplands (Scottish Gaelic: Na Monaidhean a Deas) are the southernmost and least populous of mainland Scotland's three major geographic areas (the others being the Central Lowlands and the Highlands). The term is used both to describe the geographical region and to collectively denote the various ranges of hills and mountains within this region. An overwhelmingly rural and agricultural region, the Southern Uplands are partly forested and contain many areas of open moorland - the hill names in the area are congruent with these characteristics.
Sandstone shrikethrush
The sandstone shrikethrush (Colluricincla woodwardi) is a species of bird in the family Pachycephalidae.
It is endemic to Australia. Alternate names for the sandstone shrikethrush include the brown-breasted shrike-thrush and sandstone thrush.

Yellow-tinted honeyeater
The yellow-tinted honeyeater (Ptilotula flavescens) is a species of bird in the family Meliphagidae. It is found in northern  Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, and Queensland) and Papua New Guinea. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical mangrove forests.

The yellow-tinted honeyeater was previously included in the genus Lichenostomus, but was moved to Ptilotula after a molecular phylogenetic analysis, published in 2011, showed that the original genus was polyphyletic.
Stabbing
A stabbing is penetration or rough contact with a sharp or pointed object at close range. Stab connotes purposeful action, as by an assassin or murderer, but it is also possible to accidentally stab oneself or others. Stabbing differs from slashing or cutting in that the motion of the object used in a stabbing generally moves perpendicular to and directly into the victim's body, rather than being drawn across it.

Stab wounds is the specific form of penetrating trauma to the skin that results from stabbing.
Stabbings have been common among gangs and in prisons because knives are cheap, easy to acquire (or manufacture), easily concealable and relatively effective.
Stabbing has also been used in terrorism.

Cause of death
In law, medicine, and statistics, cause of death is an official determination of the conditions resulting in a human's death, which may be recorded on a death certificate. A cause of death is determined by a medical examiner. In rare cases, an autopsy needs to be performed by a pathologist. The cause of death is a specific disease or injury, in contrast to the manner of death, which is a small number of categories like "natural", "accident", "suicide", and "homicide", each with different legal implications.

International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes can be used to record manner and cause of death in a systematic way that makes it easy to compile statistics and more feasible to compare events across jurisdictions.
Scottish Affairs Select Committee
The Scottish Affairs Select Committee is a select committee of the House of Commons in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The remit of the committee is to examine the expenditure, administration and policy of the Office of the Secretary of State for Scotland (and prior to that, the Scottish Office), and relations with the Scottish Parliament. It also looks at the administration and expenditure of the Advocate General for Scotland.

Unlike the Scottish Grand Committee, MPs from constituencies outside Scotland can, and do, sit on the Scottish Affairs Committee.

Blacklist (employment)
In employment, a blacklist or blacklisting refers to denying people employment for either political reasons (due to actual or suspected political affiliation), due to a history of trade union activity, or due to a history of whistleblowing, for example on safety or corruption issues. Blacklisting may be done by states (denying employment in state entities) as well as by private companies.

The first published reference to blacklisting of an employee dates from 1774. This became a significant employment issue in American mining towns and company towns, where blacklisting could mean a complete loss of livelihood for workers who went on strike.
Crown the Empire
Crown the Empire is an American metalcore band from Dallas, Texas, formed in 2010. The band comprises vocalist Andrew "Andy Leo" Rockhold and guitarist Brandon Hoover. They are currently signed to  Rise Records and have released five studio albums. Their most recent studio album, Dogma, was released on April 28, 2023.

Dayshell
Dayshell is a solo project consisting of American producer and singer-songwriter Shayley Dayshell Bourget. Formerly Of Mice & Men's clean vocalist, guitarist, and bassist, Bourget earned a dedicated fanbase with his unique vocals and input toward the music industry. Dayshell's debut self-titled album was released on October 15, 2013. The band's second album, Nexus, was released on October 7, 2016. The band released a third album titled Mr. Pain on October 29, 2019. Pegasus, Dayshell's highly-anticipated fourth album, was brought to life with the support of many hardcore fans who donated to "Operation Pegasus" on GoFundMe. Dayshell's latest album "Pegasus" released on September 22, 2023.
Howard Carter
Howard Carter (9 May 1874 – 2 March 1939) was a British archaeologist and Egyptologist who became known for discovering the intact tomb of the 18th Dynasty Pharaoh Tutankhamun in November 1922, the best-preserved pharaonic tomb ever found in the Valley of the Kings.

Egypt Exploration Society
The Egypt Exploration Society (EES) is a British non-profit organisation founded in 1882 for the purpose of supporting and promoting Egyptian cultural heritage. It was founded by novelist and travel writer Amelia Edwards with support from Curator of Coins and Medal, Reginald Stuart Poole. It has offices in London and Cairo, and is a registered charity.

The Society has worked at many archaeological sites across the northern Nile valley and delta including Deir el-Bahri, Tanis, Abydos, and Amarna. The results of its work have been shared in more than 350 scientific publications and artefacts from their excavations can be seen in museums around the world.
Nitra (river)
The Nitra (Slovak: Nitra, German: Neutra, Hungarian: Nyitra) is a river in western Slovakia. It flows into the Váh river in Komoča. Its source is in the Malá Fatra (Lesser Fatra) mountains north of Prievidza. The river Nitra passes through the towns of Bojnice, Topoľčany, Nitra and Nové Zámky. It is 166 km (103 mi) long and its basin size is 4,501 km2 (1,738 sq mi).: 72  The old branch of the Nitra, Stará Nitra, branches off near Nové Zámky and flows into the Váh close to its confluence with the Danube in Komárno.: 85

Strážov Mountains
The Strážov Mountains (Slovak: Strážovské vrchy, pronounced [ˈstraːʐɔwske ˈʋr̩xi]) are a mountain range in northwestern Slovakia, being part of Inner Western Carpathians, and of the Fatra-Tatra Area. They are situated between the towns of Trenčín, Považská Bystrica, Rajec, Prievidza and Bánovce nad Bebravou, bordering White Carpathians and the Váh river in the northwest and west, Javorníky in the north, Malá Fatra in the east, Vtáčnik and Nitra river in the south and Považský Inovec in the southwest. The highest mountain is Strážov (1,213 m AMSL)

The Strážov Mountains and Súľov Mountains are protected by the Strážov Mountains Protected Landscape Area since 1989. The Súľov Rocks in the northwest have been designated as a nature reserve.

Many thermal springs can be found here, inspiring the establishment of many spa centres in the region, for example Trenčianske Teplice or Rajecké Teplice.
Secret Wars
Marvel Super Heroes Secret Wars, commonly known as Secret Wars, is a 12-issue American comic book crossover limited series published from May 1984 to April 1985 by Marvel Comics. The series was written by Jim Shooter, with art by Mike Zeck, Bob Layton, and John Beatty. It was tied in with a similarly named toy line from Mattel and a role-playing game of the same name from TSR, Inc.

Spider-Ham
Spider-Ham (Peter Porker) is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is an anthropomorphic pig and is a cartoon animal parody version of Spider-Man. He was created by Larry Hama, Tom DeFalco and Mark Armstrong.

He first appeared in the one-shot humor comic book Marvel Tails Starring Peter Porker, the Spectacular Spider-Ham (November 1983), which was then followed by an ongoing bi-monthly series, Peter Porker, the Spectacular Spider-Ham, under Marvel's Star Comics imprint, with both titles edited by Hama. The character existed on Earth-8311, which was a universe populated by anthropomorphic parody versions of the Marvel superheroes and supervillains. Spider-Ham made his feature film debut in Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse (2018), voiced by John Mulaney.
Silver Star
The Silver Star Medal (SSM) is the United States Armed Forces' third-highest military decoration for valor in combat. The Silver Star Medal is awarded primarily to members of the United States Armed Forces for gallantry in action against an enemy of the United States.

42nd Infantry Division (United States)
The 42nd Infantry Division (42ID) ("Rainbow") is a division of the United States Army National Guard. It was nicknamed the Rainbow Division because, during rapid mobilization for service in WWI, it was formed from 27 National Guard units from across the US. The division was engaged in four major operations between July 1918 and the armistice in November 1918, and demobilized in 1919. Since World War I, the 42nd Infantry Division has served in World War II and the global war on terrorism (GWOT).

The division is currently headquartered at the Glenmore Road Armory in Troy, New York. The division headquarters is a unit of the New York Army National Guard.  The division currently includes Army National Guard units from fourteen different states, including Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont. As of 2007, 67 percent of 42ID soldiers are located in New York and New Jersey.
2012–13 Hong Kong FA Cup
The 2012–13 Hong Kong FA Cup was the 39th season of Hong Kong FA Cup. It was a knockout competition for all the teams of the 2012–13 Hong Kong First Division League. Starting from this season, the format changed into a two-legged home-and-away ties competition. The winner guaranteed a place in the 2013 Hong Kong AFC Cup play-offs.

2018–19 Hong Kong FA Cup
The 2018–19 Hong Kong FA Cup was the 45th edition of the Hong Kong FA Cup. 10 teams entered this edition, with two games played in First round before the Quarter-final stage. The competition was only open to clubs who participated in the 2018–19 Hong Kong Premier League, with lower division sides entering a separate competition.

The champion received HK$100,000 in prize money and the runners up received HK$40,000. The MVP of the final received a HK$10,000 bonus.
Jorge Lanata
Jorge Ernesto Lanata (12 September 1960 – 30 December 2024) was an Argentine journalist and author. He founded the newspaper Página 12 in 1987, and worked on several TV programs, newspapers, magazines and documentaries. He moved to the Clarín Group in 2012, and hosted Lanata sin filtro on Radio Mitre and Periodismo para todos on El Trece. He won several awards, including the Golden Martín Fierro Award. He was hospitalized in 2024 with several health problems, and after some months he died on 30 December 2024.

Lázaro Báez
Lázaro Báez (born 11 February 1951) is an Argentine businessman. Báez is a central figure in the so-called corruption scandal known as The Route of the K-Money, surrounding former Argentine presidents Néstor Kirchner and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner; the case was also known as Lázarogate.

Báez became a friend of Kirchner in 1991, and in 2003 founded a construction company, Austral Construcciones, which was awarded many government contracts during Kirchner's presidency. In 2011 Báez built Kirchner's mausoleum. He has been called "the main beneficiary of public works in Patagonia".

In custody since 2016, in 2021 he was sentenced to 12 years in prison for money laundering. In December 2022, he was sentenced to six years in prison for an unlawful business partnership with former Argentine president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner while she was in office.
Ulverstone, Tasmania
Ulverstone is a town on the northern coast of Tasmania, Australia on the mouth of the River Leven, on Bass Strait. It is on the Bass Highway, 21 kilometres (13 mi) west of Devonport and 12 kilometres (7 mi) east of Penguin.

As of June 2021 Ulverstone had an urban population of 11,613, being the largest town in Tasmania. The town is a part of the municipality of the Central Coast Council, which also includes Penguin, Turners Beach, Leith, Gawler and surrounds, and Forth.

Division of Braddon (state)
The electoral division of Braddon (named Darwin until 1955) is one of the five electorates in the Tasmanian House of Assembly, it includes north-west and western Tasmania as well as King Island. Braddon takes its name from the former Premier of Tasmania, Sir Edward Braddon. The division shares its name and boundaries with the federal division of Braddon.

Braddon and the other House of Assembly electoral divisions are each represented by seven members elected under the Hare-Clark electoral system.
Dominaria
Dominaria is a Magic: The Gathering expansion set. It is not part of a block. In celebration of Magic: The Gathering's 25th anniversary, the story returned to the plane of Dominaria. The expansion was released on April 27, 2018. Martha Wells was the head writer for the expansion.

Kaladesh
Kaladesh is a Magic: The Gathering expansion block consisting of the sets Kaladesh and Aether Revolt. The block debuted with the release of Kaladesh on September 30, 2016. The block is set on the plane of Kaladesh (later renamed Avishkar), the original home of planeswalker Chandra Nalaar, and features an emphasis on artifacts, their creators and the magical aether which powers them.
Harry Secombe
Sir Harry Donald Secombe (8 September 1921 – 11 April 2001) was a Welsh actor, comedian, singer and television presenter. Secombe was a member of the British radio comedy programme The Goon Show (1951–1960), playing many characters, most notably Neddie Seagoon. An accomplished tenor, he also appeared in musicals and films – notably as Mr Bumble in Oliver! (1968) – and, in his later years, was a presenter of television shows incorporating hymns and other devotional songs.

Frankie Vaughan
Frankie Vaughan CBE DL (born Frank Fruim Abelson; 3 February 1928 – 17 September 1999) was an English singer and actor who became popular in the 1950s and 60s, recording more than 80 easy listening and traditional pop singles in his lifetime. He was known as "Mr. Moonlight" after his signature song "Give Me the Moonlight, Give Me the Girl". Two of Vaughan's singles topped the UK Singles Chart: "The Garden of Eden" (1957) and "Tower of Strength" (1961). He starred in several films, including a role opposite Marilyn Monroe in Let's Make Love (1960).
1921 Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland general elections
General elections took place in Ireland on 24 May 1921 to elect members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland and the House of Commons of Southern Ireland. These legislatures had been established by the Government of Ireland Act 1920, which granted Home Rule to a partitioned Ireland within the United Kingdom.

The Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) won a landslide majority in Northern Ireland. In the area designated as Southern Ireland, Sinn Féin candidates were elected unopposed in 124 of the 128 seats.

Only the Northern Ireland House of Commons actually sat as a functional body; the Sinn Féin candidates elected across Ireland boycotted both institutions, and instead assembled as the Second Dáil.

Galway (Dáil constituency)
Galway was a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas from 1921 to 1937. The method of election was proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
Coombe Abbey
Coombe Abbey (also Combe Abbey) is a former Cistercian abbey at Combe Fields in the Borough of Rugby, in the countryside of Warwickshire, England. The abbey was converted to a  country house in the 16th century and now operates as a hotel. It is a grade I listed building.

The house's original grounds are now a country park known as Coombe Country Park and run by Coventry City Council.

Hamstead Marshall
Hamstead Marshall (also spelt Hampstead Marshall) is a village and civil parish in the English county of Berkshire. The village is located within the North Wessex Downs.  The population of this civil parish at the 2011 census was 275.
USS Relief (1836)
The first USS Relief was a supply ship in the United States Navy.

Relief was laid down in 1835 at the Philadelphia Navy Yard and launched on 14 September 1836. Designed by Samuel Humphreys, she was built along merchant vessel lines and included trysail mast and gaffsail on all three masts to enable her to work to windward in strong winds. Her hull was pierced for 16 small guns, but she usually carried only four to six 18-pounder and two 12-pounders.

USS Peacock (1813)
USS Peacock was a sloop-of-war in the United States Navy that served in the War of 1812 and later the United States Exploring Expedition. Peacock ran aground and broke apart on the Columbia Bar without loss of life in 1841.
Moriya Jutanugarn
Moriya Jutanugarn (Thai: โมรียา จุฑานุกาล; RTGS: Moriya Chuthanukan; born 28 July 1994) is a Thai professional golfer.

In 2009, Jutanugarn became the first female to win the Duke of York Young Champions Trophy. In 2013, she was named LPGA Rookie of the Year. She has played on the LPGA Tour since 2013.

Her sister, Ariya, also plays on the LPGA Tour. Moriya won her first event in her 156th start at the 2018 Hugel-JTBC LA Open. Moriya and Ariya are the second set of sisters to win on the LPGA, after Charlotta and Annika Sörenstam. In July 2021, she secured her second LPGA win alongside her sister, Ariya, at the Dow Great Lakes Bay Invitational in Michigan.

Lee Jeong-eun (golfer, born 1988)
Lee Jeong-eun (Korean: 이정은; Hanja: 李政恩; born 20 October 1988) is a South Korean professional golfer. For scoring purposes, she is called Jeongeun Lee5 to differentiate herself from other Korean LPGA golfers with that name, including the younger Jeongeun Lee6.

Lee played on the LPGA of Korea Tour where she won five times between 2009 and 2015. Since 2017, she has played primarily on the LPGA Tour. Her best finish on the LPGA Tour is T-3 at the 2017 ShopRite LPGA Classic.
Kersttrofee Hofstade
The Plage Cross, formerly Kersttrofee Hofstade (2001-2008), is a cyclo-cross race held in Hofstade, Belgium, which was part of the UCI Cyclo-cross World Cup and is now part of the X²O Badkamers Trophy. The race is held every year during Christmas.

2007–08 UCI Cyclo-cross World Cup
The 2007–2008 UCI Cyclo-cross World Cup events and season-long competition takes place between 21 October 2007 and 20 January 2008 and is sponsored by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). Nine events are organised, a reduction of two from the 2006/07 UCI Cyclo-cross World Cup. In addition, not all events have races for each category, so that there are 8 rounds for elite men, 7 for elite women, and 5 for under-23 and junior men. Individual classifications for elite men and women were discontinued after the previous season, with more emphasis put on the UCI classifications.
Tobago
Tobago, officially the Ward of Tobago, is an island and ward in Trinidad and Tobago. It is 35 kilometres (20 nautical miles) northeast of the larger island of Trinidad and about 160 kilometres (85 nautical miles) off Venezuela's northeastern coast. It is southeast of Grenada and southwest of Barbados.

Trinidad and Tobago dollar
The Trinidad and Tobago dollar (currency code TTD) is the currency of Trinidad and Tobago. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or alternatively TT$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. It is subdivided into 100 cents. Cents are abbreviated with the cent sign ¢, or TT¢ to distinguish from other currencies that use cents. Its predecessor currencies are the Trinidadian dollar and the Tobagonian dollar.
Penglai, Yantai
Penglai, formerly known as Dengzhou or Tengchow, is a district of Yantai City, Shandong Peninsula in the People's Republic of China. It lies on the northwest corner of the Shandong Peninsula on the southern coast of the Gulf of Bohai. Penglai is famous for its mirages out at sea, which are frequent during May and June. Formerly a county-level city under Yantai's administration, Penglai became a district in 2020.

Sun Yuanhua
Sun Yuanhua (1581 or 1582 – 7 September 1632), also known as Ignatius Sun, was a Chinese mandarin under the late Ming. A Catholic convert, he was a protégé of Paul Xu (né Xu Guangqi). Like his mentor, he advocated repelling the Manchu invasion by modernizing Chinese weaponry and wrote treatises on geometry and military science influenced by the Jesuits' European knowledge. From 1630 to 1632, he served as governor of Denglai, a Ming district around Dengzhou and Laizhou in northern Shandong. He was deposed by the mutiny of Kong Youde and Geng Zhongming, after which he was arrested and executed by the Ming for having failed to crush their rebellion with sufficient severity.
Connected space
In topology and related branches of mathematics, a connected space is a topological space that cannot be represented as the union of two or more disjoint non-empty open subsets. Connectedness is one of the principal topological properties that distinguish topological spaces.

A subset of a topological space  is a connected set if it is a connected space when viewed as a subspace of .

Some related but stronger conditions are path connected, simply connected, and -connected. Another related notion is locally connected, which neither implies nor follows from connectedness.

Surface (topology)
In topology, a surface is a two-dimensional manifold. Some surfaces arise as the boundaries of three-dimensional solid figures; for example, the sphere is the boundary of the solid ball. Other surfaces arise as graphs of functions of two variables; see the figure at right. However, surfaces can also be defined abstractly, without reference to any ambient space. For example, the Klein bottle is a surface that cannot be embedded in three-dimensional Euclidean space.

Topological surfaces are sometimes equipped with additional information, such as a Riemannian metric or a complex structure, that connects them to other disciplines within mathematics, such as differential geometry and complex analysis. The various mathematical notions of surface can be used to model surfaces in the physical world.
1986–87 Challenge Cup
The 1987 Challenge Cup was the 86th staging of rugby league's oldest knockout competition, the Challenge Cup. Known as the Silk Cut Challenge Cup for due to sponsorship from Silk Cut, the tournament featured clubs from the 1986-87 Rugby Football League season. It culminated in the final contested by Halifax and St. Helens at Wembley. Halifax won the match 19–18.

1987–88 Challenge Cup
The 1988 Challenge Cup was the 87th staging of rugby league's oldest knockout competition, the Challenge Cup. Known as the Silk Cut Challenge Cup for sponsorship reasons, the final was contested by Wigan and Halifax at Wembley. Wigan won the match 32–12.