hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Viral envelope
A viral envelope is the outermost layer of many types of viruses. It protects the genetic material in their life cycle when traveling between host cells. Not all viruses have envelopes. A viral envelope protein or E protein is a protein in the envelope, which may be acquired by the capsid from an infected host cell.

Viral shedding
Viral shedding is the expulsion and release of virus progeny following successful reproduction during a host cell infection. Once replication has been completed and the host cell is exhausted of all resources in making viral progeny, the viruses may begin to leave the cell by several methods.

The term is variously used to refer to viral particles shedding from a single cell, from one part of the body into another, and from a body into the environment, where the virus may infect another host.

Vaccine shedding is a form of viral shedding which can occur in instances of infection caused by some attenuated (or "live virus") vaccines.
Castleford Tigers
The Castleford Tigers are a professional rugby league club based in Castleford, West Yorkshire, England. They play their home games at Wheldon Road (currently known as the OneBore Stadium for sponsorship reasons) and compete in the Super League, the top flight of the British rugby league system.

Castleford have won the Challenge Cup on four occasions, most recently in 1986. Although the club has never won a League Championship, they have been runners up three times and won the League Leaders' Shield in 2017.

The club has rivalries with neighbours Featherstone Rovers, Leeds Rhinos and Wakefield Trinity. The club's traditional home colours are black and amber, with orange also being used in recent years.

Lee Radford
Lee Radford (born 26 March 1979) is an English professional rugby union coach, and former rugby league footballer and coach. Since 2023 he has worked for Premiership Rugby club Northampton Saints as their defence coach.

He previously worked in rugby league as the head coach of Hull FC, in the Super League, from 2013 to 2020 and as head coach of Castleford Tigers from 2022 to 2023.

As a player, he was an England international second-row forward who played for Hull F.C. and the Bradford Bulls in the Super League, and for Yorkshire.
2025 Australian Grand Prix
The 2025 Australian Grand Prix (officially known as the Formula 1 Louis Vuitton Australian Grand Prix 2025) was a Formula One motor race that was held on 16 March 2025 at the Albert Park Circuit in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It was the first round of the 2025 Formula One World Championship.

Lando Norris in the McLaren won the race from pole position, ahead of Max Verstappen in the Red Bull and George Russell in the Mercedes. Norris' victory marked McLaren's first at Melbourne since Jenson Button's victory in 2012. Debutants Isack Hadjar of Racing Bulls,  and Gabriel Bortoleto of Sauber both retired due to accidents, the former on the formation lap. Meanwhile, Kimi Antonelli of Mercedes finished fourth from a sixteenth-place start.

2025 Monaco Grand Prix
The 2025 Monaco Grand Prix (officially known as the Formula 1 TAG Heuer Grand Prix de Monaco 2025) was a Formula One motor race held on 25 May 2025, at the Circuit de Monaco in Monaco. It was the eighth round of the 2025 Formula One World Championship. Lando Norris of McLaren took pole position for the race, which he went on to win, his second of the season, with Charles Leclerc of Ferrari second and Norris's teammate Oscar Piastri third. This was the first McLaren race victory at Monaco since 2008.
Salonica vilayet
The Vilayet of Salonica (Ottoman Turkish: ولايت سلانيك, romanized: Vilâyet-i Selânik) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire from 1867 to 1913. In the late 19th century it reportedly had an area of 12,950 square miles (33,500 km2).

The vilayet was bounded by the Principality (later Kingdom) of Bulgaria on the north; Eastern Rumelia on the northeast (after the Treaty of Berlin); Edirne Vilayet on the east; the Aegean Sea on the south; Monastir Vilayet and the independent sanjak of Serfije on the west (after 1881); the Kosovo Vilayet on the northwest.

The vilayet consisted of present Central and Eastern parts of Greek Macedonia and Pirin Macedonia in Bulgaria. Present Pirin Macedonia part of it was administered as kazas of Cuma-yı Bala, Petriç, Nevrekop, Menlik, Ropçoz and Razlık. It was dissolved after Balkan Wars and divided among Kingdom of Greece, Kingdom of Serbia and Tsardom of Bulgaria in 1913.

Rumelia Eyalet
The Eyalet of Rumeli, or Eyalet of Rumelia (Ottoman Turkish: ایالت روم ایلی, romanized: Eyālet-i Rūm-ėli), known as the Beylerbeylik of Rumeli until 1591, was a first-level province (beylerbeylik or eyalet) of the Ottoman Empire encompassing most of the Balkans ("Rumelia"). For most of its history, it was the largest and most important province of the Empire, containing key cities such as Edirne, Yanina (Ioannina), Sofia, Filibe (Plovdiv), Manastır/Monastir (Bitola), Üsküp (Skopje), and the major seaport of Selânik/Salonica (Thessaloniki). It was also among the oldest Ottoman eyalets, lasting more than 500 years with several territorial restructurings over the long course of its existence.

The capital was in Adrianople (Edirne), Sofia, and finally Monastir (Bitola). Its reported area in an 1862 almanac was 48,119 square miles (124,630 km2).
Balochistan cricket team
Balochistan cricket team was a domestic cricket team in Pakistan representing Balochistan province. It competed in domestic first-class, List A and T20 cricket competitions, namely the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, Pakistan Cup and National T20 Cup. The team was operated by the Balochistan Cricket Association.

Central Punjab cricket team
Central Punjab was a domestic cricket team in Pakistan representing the northern and central parts of the Punjab province. It competed in domestic first-class, List A and T20 cricket competitions, namely the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, Pakistan Cup and National T20 Cup. The team was operated by the Central Punjab Cricket Association.
M. S. Bhaskar
Muthupettai Somu Bhaskar (born 13 September 1957)  is an Indian actor and dubbing artiste who appears in Tamil films. An theatre artist, debuted in the film  Thirumathi Oru Vegumathi (1987), and did several minor roles in the 1990s and got his major breakthrough in Engal Anna (2004). He is credited as one of the finest character artists in Tamil cinema.

In addition to acting, Bhaskar is an occasional playback singer as well. He is best known for his performances in the series Chinna Papa Periya Papa (2000), Selvi (2005) and Arasi (2007).

He won the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Character Artiste for Mozhi (2007), the SIIMA Award for the Best Actor in a Supporting Role for 8 Thottakkal (2017), the Ananda Vikatan Cinema Award for Best Villain as well as National Film Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for his performance in Parking (2023).

Radha Ravi
Madras Rajagopalan Radhakrishnan Ravi mononymously called as Radha Ravi is an Indian actor and politician who played supporting roles throughout his career. He is the son of veteran actor M. R. Radha and the uncle of Vasu Vikram and half-brother of actresses Radhika & Nirosha. He is a former chief member of the Tamil Nadu Film Artistes' Association. He is known for his roles as antagonists in Tamil films and a he acted in the serial Chellamae. He is also known for his controversial criticism of other film personalities.

He was elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Saidapet in 2001 as a member of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. He is one of the current state executive members of Tamil Nadu Bharatiya Janata Party.
Dane Cameron
Dane Richard Cameron (born October 18, 1988) is an American racing driver from Glen Ellen, California. He won the IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship overall in 2016, 2019 and 2024. Additionally, he also won the GTD and LMP2 class championships in 2014 and 2025, respectively.

P. J. Hyett
Phillip Jeffrey Hyett (born August 10, 1983) is an American software developer, technology entrepreneur, racing driver, and a co-founder of GitHub, an Internet hosting service for software development and version control using Git, which he created with Tom Preston-Werner and Chris Wanstrath in 2008.

In 2022, Hyett founded an auto racing team, AO Racing in the IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship. He himself also competes in the IMSA LMP2 class and is a 24 Hours of Le Mans class winner.
Hairy-legged vampire bat
The hairy-legged vampire bat (Diphylla ecaudata) is one of three extant species of vampire bats. It mainly feeds on the blood of wild birds, but can also feed both on domestic birds and humans. This vampire bat lives mainly in tropical and subtropical forestlands of South America, Central America, and southern Mexico. It is the sole member of the genus Diphylla.

Bidentate yellow-eared bat
The bidentate yellow-eared bat (Vampyriscus bidens) is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae, native to South America. Formerly classified in the Vampyressa genus, phylogenetic analyses support its inclusion in Vampyriscus.
Naphtali
According to the Book of Genesis, Naphtali (/ˈnæftəlaɪ/; Hebrew: נַפְתָּלִי, Modern: Naftalī, Tiberian: Nap̄tālī, "my struggle") was the sixth son of Jacob, the second of his two sons with Bilhah. He was the founder of the Israelite tribe of Naphtali.

Some biblical commentators have suggested that the name Naphtali may refer to the struggle between Rachel and Leah for the favours of Jacob. Bilhah was the handmaid of Rachel, who was infertile at the time, and had persuaded Jacob to have a child with Bilhah as a proxy for having one with herself.

Issachar
Issachar (Hebrew: יִשָּׂשכָר, romanized: Yiśśāḵār, lit. '"There is reward"') was, according to the Book of Genesis, the fifth of the six sons of Jacob and Leah (Jacob's ninth son), and the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Issachar. However, some Biblical scholars view this as an eponymous metaphor providing an aetiology of the connectedness of the tribe to others in the Israelite confederation.
Uí Néill
The Uí Néill (pronounced [iː ˈnʲeːl̠ʲ]; meaning "descendants of Niall") are Irish dynasties that claim descent from Niall Noígíallach (Niall of the Nine Hostages), a historical King of Tara who is believed to have died around c. 405. They are generally divided into the Northern and Southern Uí Néill.

O'Donnell dynasty
The O'Donnell dynasty (Irish: Ó Dónaill or Ó Domhnaill, Ó Doṁnaill or Ua Domaill; meaning "descendant of Dónal") were the dominant Irish clan of the kingdom of Tyrconnell in Ulster in the north of medieval and early modern Ireland.
Jascha Heifetz
Jascha Heifetz (/ˈhaɪfɪts/; February 2 [O.S. January 20] 1901 – December 10, 1987) was a Russian-American violinist, widely regarded as one of the greatest violinists of all time. Born in Vilnius, he was soon recognized as a child prodigy and was trained in the Russian violin school in St. Petersburg. Accompanying his parents to escape the violence of the Russian Revolution, he moved to the United States as a teenager, where his Carnegie Hall debut was rapturously received. Fritz Kreisler, another leading violinist of the twentieth century, said after hearing Heifetz's debut, "We might as well take our fiddles and break them across our knees."

By the age of 18, Heifetz was the highest-paid violinist in the world. He had a long and successful concert career, including wartime service with the United Service Organizations (USO). After an injury to his right (bowing) arm in 1972, he switched his focus to teaching.

Josef Gingold
Josef Gingold (Russian: Иосиф Меерович Гингольд, romanized: Iosif Meyerovich Gingol'd; October 28 [O.S. October 15] 1909 – January 11, 1995) was a Russian and American classical violinist and teacher who lived most of his life in the United States. At the time of his death he was considered one of the most influential violin masters in the United States, with many successful students.
Mathew Horne
Mathew Frazer Horne (born 6 September 1978) is an English actor, comedian, singer, television presenter, and narrator. He is best known for appearing on several BBC sketch shows and sitcoms, most notably Gavin & Stacey (as Gavin Shipman), The Catherine Tate Show, Horne & Corden, and Bad Education.

Larry Lamb
Lawrence Douglas Lamb (born 1 October 1947) is an English actor and radio presenter. He played Archie Mitchell in the BBC soap opera EastEnders, Mick Shipman in the BBC comedy series Gavin & Stacey and Ted Case in the final series of the BBC drama New Tricks. He also appeared on I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! in 2016.
Casper Stevenson
Casper Stevenson (born 22 April 2003) is a British racing driver who is currently competing in the European Le Mans Series and the GT World Challenge Europe this year.

During the 2024 season he raced in the FIA World Endurance Championship for D'station Racing. He finished 2nd in the 8 Hours of Bahrain. As well as finishing on the podium in the Spa 24 Hours. Previously in his single seater career he became Euroformula Open rookies champion in 2021 and was 3rd in the F4 British Championship in 2020.

Russell Ward (racing driver)
Russell Ward (born March 8, 1992) is an American racing driver who currently competes in the IMSA SportsCar Championship for Winward Racing. Ward also serves as Winward Racing's team principal.

Ward is a two-time class winner at the 24 Hours of Daytona and 12 Hours of Sebring. Alongside Philip Ellis, Ward was the 2024 IMSA SportsCar Championship GTD class champion.
Hyundai Motorsport
Hyundai Motorsport GmbH (HMSG; Korean: 현대 모터스포츠) is a division of South Korean automaker Hyundai Motor Company responsible for the brand's global motorsport activities. The company was established in December 2012 and is based in Alzenau, Germany.

Their principal activity is running the Hyundai World Rally Team in the World Rally Championship (WRC). In 2015, its customer racing division was established to provide competition machinery and services in the R5 rallying and TCR touring car motorsport categories. In 2024, the company announced its intention to enter the FIA World Endurance Championship (WEC) through the LMDh program using the Genesis brand.

Toksport
Toksport WRT is a motorsport preparation and race team based at the Nürburgring in Quiddelbach, Germany. The team has prepared cars for, and entered events in 26 motorsport championships around the globe and has won notable FIA championships in European Rally Championship, World Rally Championship and Cross Country Rally World Cup as well as entering WTCC and GT series. The company that owns the team, DBO Motor Sport GmbH, was founded in 2002.
Proterotherium
Proterotherium (meaning "first beast") is an extinct genus of litoptern mammal of the family Proterotheriidae that lived during the Late Miocene of Argentina and Chile. Fossils of this genus have been found in the Ituzaingó Formation of Argentina, and the Galera Formation of Chile.

Promacrauchenia
Promacrauchenia  is an extinct genus of macraucheniids that lived during the Late Miocene to Late Pliocene epochs of what is now Argentina and Bolivia. It belongs to the subfamily Macraucheniinae, which also includes Huayqueriana, Macrauchenia, and Xenorhinotherium. Fossils of this genus have been found in the Ituzaingó, Andalhuala, and Cerro Azul Formations of Argentina.
Jane Park
Jane Park (born December 15, 1986) is an American professional golfer who plays on the LPGA Tour. Before turning professional, Park reached the finals of the 2003 U.S. Women's Amateur and 2004 U.S. Girls' Junior, and won the 2004 U.S. Women's Amateur. She also tied for low amateur at the 2006 U.S. Women's Open. Since joining the LPGA in 2007, she has earned over $2.8 million and recorded 16 top-10 finishes.

Annie Park
Annie Park (born April 9, 1995) is an American professional golfer who plays on the LPGA Tour. Park has one win on that tour, at the 2018 ShopRite LPGA Classic, and competed in the 2019 Solheim Cup. Previously, she was the 2013 NCAA individual champion and had three victories on the Symetra Tour.
Credo
In Christian liturgy, the credo (Latin: [ˈkreːdoː]; Latin for "I believe") is the portion of the Mass where a creed is recited or sung. The Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed or the Apostles' Creed are the primary creeds used for this purpose.

Ite, missa est
Ite, missa est (English: "Go, it is the dismissal") are the concluding Latin words addressed to the people in the Mass of the Roman Rite in the Catholic Church, as well as in the Divine Service of the Lutheran Church. Until the reforms of 1962, at Masses without the Gloria, Benedicamus Domino was said instead.

The response of the people (or, in the Tridentine Mass, of the servers at Low Mass, the choir at Solemn Mass) to either of the above is Deo gratias ("thanks be to God").
Sir Samuel Hood, 1st Baronet
Vice-Admiral Sir Samuel Hood, 1st Baronet, KB (27 November 1762 – 24 December 1814) was a Royal Navy officer and politician who served as a Member of Parliament for Westminster in 1806. He is not to be confused with his father's first cousin Admiral Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood (1724–1816) who sponsored both him and his elder brother Captain Alexander Hood (1758–1798) into the Royal Navy.

West Indies
The West Indies are an island subregion of the Americas, surrounded by the North Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, which comprises 13 independent island countries and 18 dependencies in three archipelagos: the Greater Antilles, the Lesser Antilles, and the Lucayan Archipelago.

The subregion includes all the islands in the Antilles, in addition to The Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands, which are in the North Atlantic Ocean. The term is often interchangeable with "Caribbean", although the latter may also include coastal regions of Central and South American mainland nations.
Four Confidences
The Four Confidences (Chinese: 四个自信) is a political concept by Chinese Communist Party (CCP) general secretary Xi Jinping. The concept includes "Confidence in Path, Confidence in Theories, Confidence in System, and Confidence in Culture." In 2021, the concept was expanded to include the idea of Historical Confidence.

Four Consciousnesses
The Four Consciousnesses (Chinese: 四个意识) is a political concept first proposed by Chinese Communist Party (CCP) General Secretary Xi Jinping in January 2016. The concept forms part of the core of the curriculum of the mandatory ideological instruction "Situation and Policy" classes in higher education.
Volo's Guide to Monsters
Volo's Guide to Monsters is a sourcebook for the 5th edition of the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, published in 2016. It is, in part, a supplement to the 5th edition Monster Manual and the Players Handbook.

Xanathar's Guide to Everything
Xanathar's Guide to Everything is a sourcebook published in 2017 for the 5th edition of the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game. It acts as a supplement to the 5th edition Dungeon Master's Guide and the Player's Handbook.
Philadelphia Phantoms
The Philadelphia Phantoms were a professional ice hockey team that played in the American Hockey League (AHL) from 1996 to 2009. The club was based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and played most of its home games at the Spectrum. During schedule conflicts or some Calder Cup playoff games, games were moved to the adjacent Wachovia Center. The Phantoms won two Calder Cup titles (1998 and 2005) during their tenure in Philadelphia.

In anticipation of the planned closure and demolition of the Spectrum, the franchise was sold in early 2009. The new owners moved the club to Glens Falls, New York, for the 2009–10 season and renamed them the Adirondack Phantoms. Beginning in the 2014–15 season, the team moved to Allentown, Pennsylvania, in a new 8,500-seat arena, the PPL Center.

Saint John Flames
The Saint John Flames were a Canadian ice hockey team in the American Hockey League from 1993 to 2003 in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada. The Calgary Flames bought and relocated the Utica Devils, to be their AHL affiliate.
Arapaho
The Arapaho (/əˈræpəhoʊ/ ə-RAP-ə-hoh; French: Arapahos, Gens de Vache) are a Native American people historically living on the plains of Colorado and Wyoming. They were close allies of the Cheyenne tribe and loosely aligned with the Lakota and Dakota.

By the 1850s, Arapaho bands formed two tribes, namely the Northern Arapaho and Southern Arapaho. Since 1878, the Northern Arapaho have lived with the Eastern Shoshone on the Wind River Reservation in Wyoming and are federally recognized as the Northern Arapaho Tribe of the Wind River Reservation. The Southern Arapaho live with the Southern Cheyenne in Oklahoma. Together, their members are enrolled as the federally recognized Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes.

Otoe
The Otoe (Chiwere: Jiwére) are a Native American people of the Midwestern United States. The Otoe language, Chiwere, is part of the Siouan family and closely related to that of the related Iowa, Missouria, and Ho-Chunk tribes.

Historically, the Otoe tribe lived as a semi-nomadic people on the Central Plains along the bank of the Missouri River in Nebraska, Kansas, Iowa, and Missouri. They lived in elm-bark lodges while they farmed, and used tipis while traveling, like many other Plains tribes. They often left their villages to hunt buffalo.

In the early 19th century, many of their villages were destroyed due to warfare with other tribes. European-American encroachment and disease also played a role in their decline. Today, Otoe people belong to the federally recognized tribe, the Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians, headquartered in Red Rock, Oklahoma.
Royal Naval College, Osborne
The Royal Naval College, Osborne, was a training college for Royal Navy officer cadets on the Osborne House estate, Isle of Wight, established in 1903 and closed in 1921.

Boys were admitted at about the age of thirteen to follow a course lasting for six academic terms before proceeding to the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth.

Some formal appointments to the college were to HMS Racer, a vessel attached to the college, previously the tender to HMS Britannia.

Royal Naval College, Greenwich
The Royal Naval College, Greenwich, was a Royal Navy training establishment between 1873 and 1998, providing courses for naval officers. It was the home of the Royal Navy's staff college, which provided advanced training for officers. The equivalent in the British Army was the Staff College, Camberley, and the equivalent in the Royal Air Force was the RAF Staff College, Bracknell.
Century Media Records
Century Media Records is a German heavy metal record label with offices in Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom. In August 2015, Century Media was acquired by Sony Music for US$17 million.

Massacre Records
Massacre Records is an independent record label based in Abstatt, Germany, specializing in bands from the heavier genres of metal.

The label was founded in 1991 by Torsten Hartmann. Associated with Massacre Records are the marketing and music wholesale company Metal Merchant, the sub-labels Blue Rose Records and Gutter Records, dedicated to the singer/songwriter genre and German metal respectively, and the music publisher Sylvian Music. Massacre Records also distributes albums for the gothic metal label MCM Music.

From 1995 to 2000, Massacre Records operated the sub-label Swanlake Records for its gothic metal and folk metal releases. The most well-known artists published on Swanlake include Skyclad, Atrocity, Theatre of Tragedy, and Liv Kristine.

The best-selling albums released by Massacre Records are: Velvet Darkness They Fear and Aégis by Theatre of Tragedy, and Werk 80 by Atrocity.