hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Andrew Young
Andrew Jackson Young Jr. (born March 12, 1932) is an American politician, diplomat, and activist. Beginning his career as a pastor, Young was an early leader in the civil rights movement, serving as executive director of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) and a close confidant to Martin Luther King Jr. A member of the Democratic Party, Young later became active in politics, serving as a U.S. Congressman from Georgia, United States Ambassador to the United Nations in the Carter Administration, and 55th Mayor of Atlanta. He was the first African American elected to Congress from Georgia since Reconstruction, as well as one of the first two African Americans elected to Congress from the former Confederacy since Reconstruction. Since leaving office, Young has founded or served in many organizations working on issues of public policy and political lobbying.

Dorothy Cotton
Dorothy Cotton (June 9, 1930 – June 10, 2018) was an American civil rights activist, who was a leader in the Civil Rights Movement in the United States and a member of the inner circle of one of its main organizations, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). As the SCLC's Educational Director, she was arguably the highest-ranked female member of the organization.
Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival
The Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival (Korean: 부천국제판타스틱영화제; Hanja: 富川國際판타스틱映畵祭), or BiFan, formerly known as Puchon International Fantastic Film Festival or PiFan, is an international film festival held annually in July in Bucheon, South Korea. Inaugurated in 1997, the festival focuses on South Korean and international horror, thriller, mystery and fantasy films, with particular attention to Asian cinema from East Asia and Southeast Asia. It is a non-competitive international film festival, with partial competition, awarding a number of awards.

Neuchâtel International Fantastic Film Festival
The Neuchâtel International Fantastic Film Festival (NIFFF) is a Swiss film festival dedicated to fantastic movies. The NIFFF constructs its programming around three central axes: Fantastic cinema, Asian cinema and Digital images. The films shown at the Festival are very diversified, ranging from major works by renowned directors to unknown and underground films d'auteurs. Notable attendees include George A. Romero, Joe Dante, John Landis, Terry Gilliam, Hideo Nakata.

The NIFFF offers five competitions: an international competition, an Asian competition, a Best Swiss Short Film Competition, a Best European Short Film Competition and a Swiss Video Art Competition entitled Actual Fears and inaugurated in 2008.

Retrospective themes have included "Scream Queer" (2022), "Female Trouble" (2023) and "Eat the Rich" (2024).

The 24th edition of the film festival was held from 4 July to 12 July 2025, featuring 127 films from 42 countries.
Hani people
The Hani or Ho people (Hani: Haqniq; Chinese: 哈尼族; pinyin: Hānízú; Vietnamese: Người Hà Nhì / 𠊛何贰) are a Lolo-speaking ethnic group in Southern China, Northern Laos, and Vietnam. They form one of the 56 officially recognized nationalities of the People's Republic of China and one of the 54 officially recognized ethnic groups of Vietnam. In Laos, the Hani are more commonly known as Ho.

Daur people
The Daurs, Dagur, Daghur, or Dahur (Dagur:ᡩᠠᡤᡠᠷDaure; Khalkha Mongolian: Дагуур, Daguur; simplified Chinese: 达斡尔族; traditional Chinese: 達斡爾族; pinyin: Dáwò'ěr zú; Russian: Дауры, Daury) are a Mongolic people originally native to Dauriya and now predominantly located in Northeast China (and Siberia, Russia, in the past). The Daur form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized in the People's Republic of China. They numbered 132,299 according to the latest census (2020) and most of them live in Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner in Hulun Buir, northeastern Inner Mongolia and Meilisi Daur District in Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, Northeast China. Some Daur people also live near Tacheng in Xinjiang.
Prime ideal
In algebra, a prime ideal is a subset of a ring that shares many important properties of a prime number in the ring of integers. The prime ideals for the integers are the sets that contain all the multiples of a given prime number, together with the zero ideal.

Primitive ideals are prime, and prime ideals are both primary and semiprime.

Integral element
In commutative algebra, an element b of a commutative ring B is said to be integral over a subring A of B if b is a root of some monic polynomial over A.

If A, B are fields, then the notions of "integral over" and of an "integral extension" are precisely "algebraic over" and "algebraic extensions" in field theory (since the root of any polynomial is the root of a monic polynomial).

The case of greatest interest in number theory is that of complex numbers integral over Z (e.g.,  or ); in this context, the integral elements are usually called algebraic integers.  The algebraic integers in a finite extension field k of the rationals Q form a subring of k, called the ring of integers of k, a central object of study in algebraic number theory.

In this article, the term ring will be understood to mean commutative ring with a multiplicative identity.
List of Home and Away characters introduced in 2011
Home and Away is an Australian television soap opera. It was first broadcast on the Seven Network on 17 January 1988. The following is a list of characters that first appeared in 2011, by order of first appearance. All characters were introduced by the shows series producer Cameron Welsh. The 24th season of Home and Away began airing on 24 January 2011. The following month, the Braxton brothers; Darryl, Heath and Casey were introduced.  Miranda Jacobs and Kieran Monroe made their debuts in April. Marty Jones made his debut in June and Tegan Callahan arrived the following month. Fletcher Humphrys joined the cast in July as Gang Member Jake Pirovic. August saw the introductions of Harvey Ryan, Hammer, Stu Henderson and Sasha Bezmel. Shane Emmett made his debut as Mark Gilmour in September and lawyer Hayley O'Connor began appearing from October.

Brenton Thwaites
Brenton Thwaites (born 10 August 1989) is an Australian actor. Beginning his career in his home country in 2011, he had a starring role on the series Slide and later appeared on the soap opera Home and Away. Since moving to the United States, Thwaites has had major roles in the films Blue Lagoon: The Awakening (2012), Oculus (2013), The Giver (2014), Gods of Egypt (2016), and Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (2017). He starred as Dick Grayson / Robin / Nightwing in the DC Universe / HBO Max series Titans from 2018 to 2023.
Curry County, Oregon
Curry County is the southwesternmost county in the U.S. state of Oregon located on the South Coast. As of the 2020 census, the population was 23,446. The county seat is Gold Beach. The county is named for George Law Curry, a two-time governor of the Oregon Territory. Curry County includes the Brookings, OR Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Tolowa language
Tolowa (also called Chetco-Tolowa, or Siletz Dee-ni) is a member of the Pacific Coast subgroup of the Athabaskan language family. Together with three other closely related languages (Lower Rogue River Athabaskan, Upper Rogue River Athabaskan or Galice-Applegate and Upper Umpqua or Etnemitane) it forms a distinctive Oregon Athabaskan cluster within the subgroup.
2020 Liberian Senate election
Senate elections were held in Liberia on 8 December 2020, with half the seats in the Senate up for election. The elections were held concurrently with a constitutional referendum and two House by-elections.

Collaborating Political Parties
The Collaborating Political Parties (CPP) was a political alliance in Liberia. The alliance was originally formed in 2018 by four opposition political parties: the All Liberian Party (ALP), the Unity Party (UP), the Alternative National Congress (ANC), and the Liberty Party (LP). It was certified by the National Elections Commission (NEC) in 2020. By February 2022, the ALP and UP had withdrawn from the alliance. By March 2022, a large faction of the LP had left as well. In April 2024, the CPP had officially dissolved.
Guy Henry (actor)
Guy Henry (born 17 October 1960) is an English actor whose roles include Henrik Hanssen in Holby City, Pius Thicknesse in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 and Part 2, Cassius in Rome and Grand Moff Tarkin in Rogue One.

Guy Self
Guy Self is a fictional character from the BBC medical drama Holby City played by John Michie. He first appeared in the sixteenth series episode "Sink or Swim", broadcast on 26 November 2013. Guy is a consultant neurosurgeon and Holby City Hospital's chief executive officer (CEO) until he resigns from his CEO position. The character also appeared in Holby City's sister show, Casualty. Guy departed in the nineteenth series episode "Song of Self – Part Two", but returned for a nine episode guest stint later in the series. Michie has since reprised the role on three occasions: for one episode in 2018, ten episodes in 2020, and one episode in 2022.
1948
1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1948th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 948th  year of the 2nd millennium, the 48th  year of the 20th century, and the  9th   year of the 1940s decade.

1944
1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1944th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 944th  year of the 2nd millennium, the 44th  year of the 20th century, and the  5th   year of the 1940s decade.
Beechcraft C-12 Huron
The Beechcraft C-12 Huron is the military designation for a series of twin-engine turboprop aircraft based on the Beechcraft Super King Air and Beechcraft 1900. C-12 variants are used by the United States Air Force, Army, Navy and Marine Corps. These aircraft are used for embassy support and medical evacuation, as well as passenger and light cargo transport. Some aircraft are modified with surveillance systems for missions including the Cefly Lancer, Beechcraft RC-12 Guardrail and Project Liberty programs.

Wyoming Army National Guard
The Wyoming Army National Guard is the Army National Guard of Wyoming. It includes army aviation, construction engineers, field artillery and medical asset units. It was reorganized in 1996, consolidating its two field artillery battalions into a single battalion. A ribbon bridge company and rear operations center for an infantry division were added to the Guard.

It is administered by the Wyoming Military Department, part of the Wyoming state government. The Wyoming Military Department's goal is to provide a trained, quality-based force, supported by appropriate equipment, facilities and real property, technology, and services to successfully execute state and federal missions.
Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia
Hamm (German pronunciation: [ham] ⓘ, Latin: Hammona) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the northeastern part of the Ruhr area. As of 2016 its population was 179,397. The city is situated between the A1 motorway and A2 motorway. Hamm railway station is an important hub for rail transport and renowned for its distinctive station building.

Leverkusen
Leverkusen (German: [ˈleːvɐˌkuːzn̩] ⓘ) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, on the eastern bank of the Rhine. To the south, Leverkusen borders the city of Cologne, and to the north the state capital, Düsseldorf. The city is part of the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region, one of Europe's largest urban areas.

With about 163,000 inhabitants, Leverkusen is one of the state's smaller cities. The city is known for the pharmaceutical company Bayer and its sports club Bayer Leverkusen.
State highway
A state highway, state road, or state route (and the equivalent provincial highway, provincial road, or provincial route) is usually a road that is either numbered or maintained by a sub-national state or province. A road numbered by a state or province falls below numbered national highways (Canada being a notable exception to this rule) in the hierarchy (route numbers are used to aid navigation, and may or may not indicate ownership or maintenance).

Roads maintained by a state or province include both nationally numbered highways and un-numbered state highways. Depending on the state, "state highway" may be used for one meaning and "state road" or "state route" for the other.

In some countries such as New Zealand, the word "state" is used in its sense of a sovereign state or country. By this meaning a state highway is a road maintained and numbered by the national government rather than local authorities.

Georgia State Route 136
State Route 136 (SR 136) is a 136.380-mile-long (219.482 km) state highway that travels west-to-east through portions of Dade, Walker, Gordon, Murray, Gilmer, Pickens, Dawson, and Hall counties in the northwestern and north-central parts of the U.S. state of Georgia. The highway extends from its western terminus at SR 71 at the Alabama state line, west of Trenton, to its eastern terminus at SR 60 north-northwest of Gainesville.
Ministry of National Health Services, Regulation and Coordination
The Ministry of National Health Services, Regulation and Coordination (Urdu: قومی وزارتِ ضوابط ، ربطِ باہمی و خدماتِ صحتِ عامّہ vazārat-i ḍawābiṭ, rabṭ-i bāhamī va khidmāt-i ṣihat-i ʿāmmah; abbreviated as MoNHSRC) is a cabinet level ministry of the government of Pakistan with responsibility for national public health.

Pakistan Medical and Dental Council
Pakistan Medical and Dental Council  is a statutory regulatory authority that maintains the official register of medical practitioners in Pakistan. Its chief function is to establish uniform minimum standards of basic and higher qualifications in medicine and dentistry throughout Pakistan. It also sets the education standards for medical colleges in Pakistan along with the Higher Education Commission.
Work hardening
Work hardening, also known as strain hardening, is the process by which a material's load-bearing capacity (strength) increases during plastic (permanent) deformation. This characteristic is what sets ductile materials apart from brittle materials. Work hardening may be desirable, undesirable, or inconsequential, depending on the application.

This strengthening occurs because of dislocation movements and dislocation generation within the crystal structure of the material. Many non-brittle metals with a reasonably high melting point as well as several polymers can be strengthened in this fashion. Alloys not amenable to heat treatment, including low-carbon steel, are often work-hardened. Some materials cannot be work-hardened at low temperatures, such as indium, however others can be strengthened only via work hardening, such as pure copper and aluminum.

Solid solution strengthening
In metallurgy, solid solution strengthening is a type of alloying that can be used to improve the strength of a pure metal. The technique works by adding atoms of one element (the alloying element) to the crystalline lattice of another element (the base metal), forming a solid solution. The local nonuniformity in the lattice due to the alloying element makes plastic deformation more difficult by impeding dislocation motion through stress fields. In contrast, alloying beyond the solubility limit can form a second phase, leading to strengthening via other mechanisms (e.g. the precipitation of intermetallic compounds).
USA Network
USA Network (stylized as usa) is an American basic cable television channel owned by Versant. It was launched on September 22, 1977 as Madison Square Garden Sports Network, one of the first national sports cable television channels.

It was relaunched under its current name on April 9, 1980, and in the years since then, USA steadily gained popularity through its original programming, a long-established partnership with WWF/WWE and, for many years, limited sports programming. USA increased its sports coverage significantly in 2022, after the initial shutdown of NBCSN, and served as the main cable component of NBC Sports until NBCSN was relaunched in 2025.

As of November 2023, USA Network is available to approximately 70 million pay television households in the United States, down from its 2011 peak of 100 million households.

Ryan Phillippe
Matthew Ryan Phillippe (/ˈfɪlɪpi/ FIL-ip-ee; born September 10, 1974) is an American actor. After appearing as Billy Douglas on the soap opera One Life to Live (1992–1993) and making his feature film debut in Crimson Tide (1995), he came to prominence in the late 1990s with starring roles in I Know What You Did Last Summer (1997), 54 (1998), Playing by Heart (1998), and Cruel Intentions (1999).

Throughout the 2000s and beyond, Phillippe took on a range of parts in films such as The Way of the Gun (2000), Antitrust (2001), Gosford Park (2001), Igby Goes Down (2002), The I Inside (2003), Crash (2004), Flags of Our Fathers (2006), Breach (2007), Stop-Loss (2008), MacGruber (2010), The Bang Bang Club (2010), and The Lincoln Lawyer (2011).

Outside of film, Phillippe appeared in the lead role of Bob Lee Swagger on USA Network's Shooter (2016–2018) and reprised his portrayal of Dixon Piper in the Peacock adaptation of MacGruber (2021).
Celso Benigno Luigi Costantini
Celso Benigno Luigi Costantini (Chinese: 剛恆毅, 3 April 1876 – 17 October 1958) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and the founder of the Disciples of the Lord who served as the head of the Apostolic Chancery from 1954 until his death.

He was elevated to the Cardinalship
in 12 January 1953. He is best known for his work in China. Costantini dedicated himself to improving the work of missionaries and believed that evangelization in China belonged to the Chinese people. His time there heralded countless successes and he was careful never to involve himself in the complex politics between the Church and the State.

His cause for sainthood commenced on 24 June 2016 under Pope Francis and he has been titled as a Servant of God.

Consecrator
A consecrator is a bishop who ordains someone to the episcopacy. A co-consecrator is someone who assists the consecrator bishop in the act of ordaining a new bishop.

The terms are used in the canon law of the Catholic Church, Lutheran Churches, in Anglican communities, and in the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Kirtland, Ohio
Kirtland is a city in Lake County, Ohio, United States. The population was 6,937 at the 2020 census. Kirtland is known for being the early headquarters of the Latter Day Saint movement from 1831 to 1837 and the site of the movement's first temple, the Kirtland Temple, completed in 1836. The Kirtland Temple and nearby Historic Kirtland Village are maintained as historic sites highlighting that era. The city is also the location for multiple parks in the Lake Metroparks system, as well as the Holden Arboretum.

David W. Patten
David Wyman Patten (November 14, 1799 – October 25, 1838) was an early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and an original member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. He was killed at the Battle of Crooked River and is regarded as a martyr by members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Church of Jesus Christ). He is referred to twice in the Church of Jesus Christ's Doctrine and Covenants—once in section 114 and posthumously in section 124.
Oryol
Oryol (Russian: Орёл, IPA: [ɐˈrʲɵl] ⓘ, lit. 'eagle'), also transliterated as Orel or Oriol, is a city and the administrative center of Oryol Oblast, Russia, situated on the Oka River, approximately 368 kilometers (229 mi) south-southwest of Moscow. It is part of the Central Federal District, as well as the Central Economic Region.

First founded as a medieval stronghold of the Principality of Chernigov, Oryol was part of Lithuania in the late medieval period, and then Russia since the early modern period. It has served as the seat of regional administration since 1778. The city is particularly known for the infamous former prison for political and war prisoners of Tsarist Russia, the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany.

Sturzkampfgeschwader 1
Sturzkampfgeschwader 1 (StG 1 - Dive Bomber Wing 1) was a Luftwaffe dive bomber wing during World War II.

StG 1 was formed in May 1939 and remained active until October 1943, when it was renamed and reorganised into Schlachtgeschwader 1 (SG 1). It operated the Junkers Ju 87 Stuka dive-bomber exclusively in the combat role.

StG 1 served the German war effort on every front including limited Bandenbekämpfung operations in support of Wehrmacht and Nazi paramilitary forces.
Wayne and Shuster
Wayne and Shuster were a Canadian comedy duo formed by Johnny Wayne and Frank Shuster. They were active professionally from the early 1940s until the late 1980s, first as a live act, then on radio, then as part of The Army Show that entertained troops in Europe during World War II, and then on both Canadian and American television.

Wayne (born Louis Weingarten; May 28, 1918 – July 18, 1990) and Shuster (September 5, 1916 – January 13, 2002) were well known in Canada, and were Ed Sullivan's most frequently recurring guests, appearing a record 67 times on his show. Despite repeated suggestions that they should move to the United States to further their careers, the duo chose to stay in Canada.

CBC Television
CBC Television (also known as CBC TV, or simply CBC) is a Canadian English-language broadcast television network owned by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, the national public broadcaster. The network began operations on September 6, 1952, with its main studios at the Canadian Broadcasting Centre in Toronto. Its French-language counterpart is Ici Radio-Canada Télé.

CBC Television is available throughout Canada on over-the-air television stations in urban centres, and as a must-carry station on cable and satellite television providers, and live streamed on its CBC Gem video platform.
Dialogue – The Greens' Party
Dialogue – The Greens' Party (Hungarian: Párbeszéd – A Zöldek Pártja, pronounced [ˈpaːrbɛseːd ɒː ˈzøldɛk ˈpaːrcɒ], prior to 2023 known as Dialogue for Hungary, Hungarian: Párbeszéd Magyarországért, pronounced [ˈpaːrbɛseːd ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡeːrt]), in short Párbeszéd or Párbeszéd – Zöldek, is a green political party in Hungary that was formed in February 2013 by eight MPs who left the Politics Can Be Different (LMP) party. Since its foundation, the party has never independently participated in any election.

Fidesz–KDNP
Fidesz–KDNP Party Alliance (Hungarian: Fidesz–KDNP pártszövetség), formerly also known as the Alliance of Hungarian Solidarity (Hungarian: Magyar Szolidaritás Szövetsége), is a right-wing national conservative political alliance of two political parties in Hungary, the Fidesz – Hungarian Civic Alliance (Fidesz) and the Christian Democratic People's Party (KDNP). The two parties jointly contested every national election since the 2006 parliamentary election. The Fidesz–KDNP party alliance has governed Hungary since 2010, altogether obtaining a supermajority in each of the 2010, 2014, 2018, and 2022 national elections.