hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hardcourt
A hardcourt (or hard court) is a type of surface or floor on which a sport is played, most usually in reference to tennis courts. It is typically made of rigid materials such as asphalt or concrete, and covered with acrylic resins to seal the surface and mark the playing lines, while providing some cushioning. Historically, hardwood surfaces were also in use in indoor settings, similar to an indoor basketball court, but these surfaces are rare now.

Columbus Open
The Columbus Open, also known as the Buckeye Tennis Championships or Buckeye Open, is a defunct affiliated men's tennis tournament played from 1970 to 1984 in Columbus, Ohio, in the United States. The inaugural edition in 1970 was an invitational tournament with eight top independent professional players. It was played on synthetic hard court at the newly created 3,200-seat stadium at the Buckeye Boys Ranch in Grove City, a suburb of Columbus. From 1971 until 1984 the tournament was part of the Grand Prix circuit. The tournament was played on outdoor clay courts from 1971 to 1979, and then played on outdoor hard courts from 1980 to 1984.

Brian Teacher was the most successful player at the tournament, winning the singles competition twice and the doubles competition three times with three different partners; once with American William Brown, once with American Bruce Manson and once with American Scott Davis.
Laisenia Qarase
Laisenia Qarase (pronounced [lai̯seni̯a ŋɡaˈrase]; 4 February 1941 – 21 April 2020) was a Fijian politician. He served as the sixth Prime Minister of Fiji from 2000 to 2006. After the military quashed the coup that led to the removal of Mahendra Chaudhry, Qarase joined the Interim Military Government as a financial adviser on 9 June 2000, until his appointment as Prime Minister on 4 July. He won two parliamentary elections, but a military coup removed him from power on 5 December 2006. He was later imprisoned on corruption charges brought by the military-backed regime.

A native of Vanua Balavu Island in the Lau archipelago, he was one of many Lauans to have held top leadership positions in Fiji.

Conservative Alliance-Matanitu Vanua
The Conservative Alliance (Matanitu Vanua in Fijian) was a right-wing political party in Fiji, and a member of the ruling coalition government. It was commonly known as the CAMV, a combination of the initials of its English and Fijian names.  At its annual general meeting on 17 February 2006, the party voted to dissolve itself and merge with its coalition partner, the Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua (SDL).  The President of the party at the time of its dissolution was Ratu Tanoa Cakobau, a Bauan chief, while Ratu Josefa Dimuri served as General Secretary.  For legal reasons, Parliamentary members of the disbanded party maintained a separate caucus in the House of Representatives, under the leadership of Ratu Naiqama Lalabalavu, until the end of the parliamentary term, on 27 March 2006.
List of K-1 events
This is a list of events held and scheduled by K-1, a Japanese kickboxing promotion. The first event, K-1 Sanctuary I, took place on March 30, 1993, at Kōrakuen Hall in Tokyo, Japan.

Since its inception, K-1 events were organized by the Fighting and Entertainment Group (FEG). Following FEG's bankruptcy, rights to the K-1 brand were acquired by the Hong Kong-based K-1 Global Holdings Limited (K-1 GHL) in 2012.

In 2014, M-1 Sports Media (M-1) acquired rights to use the K-1 brand exclusively in Japan, and has since been producing events for the region under the "K-1 World GP Japan" name. M-1 would ultimately acquire worldwide rights to the K-1 brand in 2023.

This list does not include Krush, Krush-EX, Khaos, or K-1 Amateur events.

Tsuyoshi Nakasako
Tsuyoshi Nakasako (Japanese: 中迫剛; born January 29, 1974) is a Japanese retired heavyweight kickboxer who competed in K-1. During his ten-year career from 1998 until 2008, he fought a variety of K-1 champions including Ernesto Hoost, Peter Aerts, Remy Bonjasky, Mark Hunt, and Andy Hug.
VCD Athletic F.C.
VCD Athletic Football Club (short for Vickers, Crayford & Dartford Athletic Football Club) is a semi-professional football club based in Crayford in south-east London, England. The club was founded in 1916, during the First World War, as a company team by employees of the now defunct Vickers armaments factory in Crayford. The club's first team are currently members of the Isthmian League South East Division.

2012–13 Spartan South Midlands Football League
The 2012–13 Spartan South Midlands Football League season (known as the 2012–13 Molten Spartan South Midlands Football League for sponsorship reasons) was the 16th in the history of Spartan South Midlands Football League a football competition in England.
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population size per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans, but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key concept in population geography.
In botany and agronomy, it's known as plant density.

Tagawa District, Fukuoka
Tagawa (田川郡, Tagawa-gun) is a district located in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2020, the district has an estimated population of 71,755 and a density of 232.1 persons per km2. The total area is 309.13 km2.
Signal processing
Signal processing is an electrical engineering subfield that focuses on analyzing, modifying and synthesizing signals, such as sound, images, potential fields, seismic signals, altimetry processing, and scientific measurements. Signal processing techniques are used to optimize transmissions, digital storage efficiency, correcting distorted signals, improve subjective video quality, and to detect or pinpoint components of interest in a measured signal.

Image analysis
Image analysis or imagery analysis is the extraction of meaningful information from images; mainly from digital images by means of digital image processing techniques. Image analysis tasks can be as simple as reading bar coded tags or as sophisticated as identifying a person from their face.

Computers are indispensable for the analysis of large amounts of data, for tasks that require complex computation, or for the extraction of quantitative information.  On the other hand, the human visual cortex is an excellent image analysis apparatus, especially for extracting higher-level information, and for many applications — including medicine, security, and remote sensing — human analysts still cannot be replaced by computers.  For this reason, many important image analysis tools such as edge detectors and neural networks are inspired by human visual perception models.
Central Board of Secondary Education
The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) is a national-level board of education in India for public and private schools, controlled and managed by the Government of India. Established in 1929 by a government resolution, the Board was an experiment in inter-state integration and cooperation in the sphere of secondary education. There are more than 27,000 schools in India and 240 schools in 28 foreign countries affiliated with the CBSE. All schools affiliated with CBSE follow the NCERT curriculum, especially those in classes 9 to 12. The current Chairperson of CBSE is Rahul Singh, IAS.

The constitution of the Board was amended in 1952 to give its present name, the Central Board of Secondary Education. The Board was reconstituted on 1 July 1962 to make its services available to students and various educational institutions across the country.

Madhya Pradesh Board of Secondary Education
Madhya Pradesh Board of Secondary Education (abbreviated MPBSE) is a board of school education in Madhya Pradesh State of India.

The MPBSE is a Madhya Pradesh government body responsible for determining the policy-related, administrative, cognitive, and intellectual direction of the state's higher educational system.
The board regulates and supervises the system of Intermediate education in Madhya Pradesh State. It executes and governs various activities that include devising of courses of study, prescribing syllabus, conducting examinations, granting affiliations to colleges. MPBSE also provides direction, support and leadership for all educational institutions under its jurisdiction It also runs model schools such as the Model High, TT Nagar.
mp board has announced syllabus deduction up to 40% on 25 sep 2023 for class 12.
this includes humanities science and commerce stream
for class 10 it would remain the same as per government order
Serie B
The Serie B (Italian pronunciation: [ˈsɛːrje ˈbi]), officially known as Serie BKT for sponsorship reasons, is the second-highest division in the Italian football league system after the Serie A. It has been operating for over ninety years since the 1929–30 season. It had been organized by Lega Calcio until 2010 and the Lega B ever since. Common nicknames for the league are campionato cadetto and cadetteria, since cadetto is the Italian name for junior or cadet.

Emiliano Mondonico
Emiliano Mondonico (9 March 1947 – 29 March 2018) was an Italian professional footballer and coach. He played as a winger.

His playing career was spent mostly with Cremonese, where it began and ended. Mondonico's 31-year-long managerial career included two spells each at Cremonese, Atalanta, Torino and AlbinoLeffe. With Torino, he reached the final of the 1991–92 UEFA Cup and won the 1992–93 Coppa Italia.
Archaeological Survey of India
The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is an Indian government agency that is responsible for archaeological research and the conservation and preservation of cultural historical monuments in the country. It was founded in 1861 by Alexander Cunningham during the British Raj who also became its first Director-General.

List of State Protected Monuments in West Bengal
This is a list of State Protected Monuments as officially reported by and available through the website of the Archaeological Survey of India in the Indian state West Bengal. The monument identifier is a combination of the abbreviation of the subdivision of the list (state, ASI circle) and the numbering as published on the website of the ASI. 106 State Protected Monuments have been recognized by the ASI in West Bengal. Besides the State Protected Monuments, also the Monuments of National Importance in this state might be relevant.

The West Bengal Heritage Commission has further declared an additional list of 244 Declared Heritage Sites.
Amazon MGM Studios
Amazon MGM Studios is an American film and television production and distribution company owned by Amazon, and headquartered at the Culver Studios complex in Culver City, California. Launched in November 2010 as Amazon Studios, the company adopted its name in October 2023 after its merger with MGM Holdings, which Amazon had acquired the year prior.

Productions from the studio are primarily distributed through theaters and Amazon's own streaming media service, Amazon Prime Video.

Alongside Amazon Prime Video, the company constitutes one half of Amazon's membership in the Motion Picture Association (MPA), which it joined in October 2024.

Expanding Universe (production company)
Expanding Universe is an American film and television production company founded in late 2024 by authors Daniel Abraham and Ty Franck (collectively known as James S. A. Corey), joined by showrunner Naren Shankar and director Breck Eisner. The company was established to create, incubate, and produce high-concept science fiction and genre content across multiple platforms, including filmed entertainment, publishing, and gaming.
State highway
A state highway, state road, or state route (and the equivalent provincial highway, provincial road, or provincial route) is usually a road that is either numbered or maintained by a sub-national state or province. A road numbered by a state or province falls below numbered national highways (Canada being a notable exception to this rule) in the hierarchy (route numbers are used to aid navigation, and may or may not indicate ownership or maintenance).

Roads maintained by a state or province include both nationally numbered highways and un-numbered state highways. Depending on the state, "state highway" may be used for one meaning and "state road" or "state route" for the other.

In some countries such as New Zealand, the word "state" is used in its sense of a sovereign state or country. By this meaning a state highway is a road maintained and numbered by the national government rather than local authorities.

Pennsylvania Route 453
Pennsylvania Route 453 (PA 453) is a 43.8-mile-long (70.5 km) state highway located in Huntingdon, Blair, and Clearfield counties in Pennsylvania. The southern terminus is at U.S. Route 22 (US 22) in Water Street; the northern terminus is at PA 879 in Curwensville.
High fantasy
High fantasy, or epic fantasy, is a subgenre of fantasy defined by the epic nature of its setting or by the epic stature of its characters, themes, or plot. High fantasy is usually set in an alternative, fictional ("secondary") world, rather than the "real" or "primary" world. This secondary world is usually internally consistent, but its rules differ from those of the primary world. By contrast, low fantasy is characterized by being set on Earth, the primary or real world, or a rational and familiar fictional world with the inclusion of magical elements.

Magic (supernatural)
Magic, sometimes spelled magick, is the application of beliefs, rituals or actions employed with the intent to manipulate natural or supernatural beings and forces. It is a category into which have been placed various beliefs and practices sometimes considered separate from both religion and science.

Connotations have varied from positive to negative at times throughout history. Within Western culture, magic has been linked to ideas of the Other, foreignness, and primitivism; indicating that it is "a powerful marker of cultural difference" and likewise, a non-modern phenomenon. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Western intellectuals perceived the practice of magic to be a sign of a fantasy-prone mentality and also commonly attributed it to marginalised groups of people.
List of administrative divisions of Taiwan
The following is a list of administrative divisions of the Republic of China (Taiwan), including six special municipalities and two nominal provinces as the de jure first-level administrative divisions. 11 counties and three cities were nominally under the jurisdiction of the Taiwan Province, and two additional counties were part of Fuchien Province.

With provinces non-functional in practice, Taiwan is divided into 22 subnational divisions, among which counties and cities are the de facto principal constituent divisions, along with special municipalities, directly under the Central Government. Each has a local government led by an elected head and a local council.

Counties of Taiwan
A county, constitutionally known as a hsien, is a de jure second-level administrative division unit in the Republic of China (Taiwan). Under the administrative structure of Taiwan, it is at the same level as a provincial city.

The counties were formerly under the jurisdiction of provinces, but the provinces were streamlined and effectively downsized to non-self-governing bodies in 1998. In 2018 all provincial governmental organs were formally abolished. Counties along with former "provincial cities" which alternately designated as simply "Cities", are presently regarded as principal subdivisions directed by the central government of Taiwan.
Sasebo
Sasebo (佐世保市, Sasebo-shi) is a core city located in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. It is the second-largest city in Nagasaki Prefecture, after its capital, Nagasaki. As of 1 April 2024, the city had an estimated population of 230,873 in 102,670 households, and a  population density of 540 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 426.01 km2 (164.48 sq mi).

Japanese submarine Ha-111
Ha-111 was an Imperial Japanese Navy Ha-101-class submarine. Converted during construction into a submarine tender for midget submarines, she  was completed and commissioned in July 1945, only a few weeks before the end of World War II, the last Ha-101-class submarine to be completed. She surrendered at the end of the war in September 1945, and was scuttled in April 1946.
Martial arts
Martial arts are codified systems and traditions of combat. They are practiced for a number of reasons ranging from; violent street fighting, self-defense, military and law enforcement; to non-violent exercising, ceremonial, competition; physical, mental, and spiritual development; entertainment; and to preserve the intangible cultural heritage of a nation. The term "martial arts" was originally used to refer to the traditions of East Asia, but has subsequently been applied to other practices which originated outside that region.

Puroresu
Puroresu is a Japanese term referring to professional wrestling in Japan and abroad. It is a loanword that stems from the Japanese pronunciation of "professional wrestling", which is abbreviated in Japanese to puro and resu.

Puroresu grew out of American professional wrestling but has become a separate entity based on Japanese culture that is distinct in its psychology, presentation, and function. It is treated much more like a legitimate competition, with fewer theatrics, and storylines are often focused on a wrestler's "fighting spirit" and perseverance. Professional wrestling in Japan led to the development of shoot wrestling and has been closely related to mixed martial arts, starting with Shooto and Pancrase, organizations which predate the UFC, and has influenced subsequent promotions such as Fighting Network Rings and Pride Fighting Championships. There is more overlap between professional wrestling and mixed martial arts in Japan than any other country.
Lesser white-toothed shrew
The lesser white-toothed shrew (Crocidura suaveolens) is a small species of shrew with a widespread distribution in Africa, Asia and Europe. Its preferred habitat is scrub and gardens and it feeds on insects, arachnids, worms, gastropods, newts and small rodents, though its diet usually varies according to the biotope where it lives. The closely related Asian lesser white-toothed shrew (Crocidura shantungensis) was once included in this species, but is now considered to be a separate species.

Like the common shrew, a female lesser white-toothed shrew and her young may form a "caravan" when foraging for food or seeking a place of safety; each shrew grips the tail of the shrew in front so that the group stays together.

Ussuri white-toothed shrew
The Ussuri white-toothed shrew (Crocidura lasiura) is a species of musk shrew found on the mainland Northeast Asia. It is common and widespread, and is one of the largest shrews found in the region, with adult weight of 14–25 g (0.49–0.88 oz). It should not be confused with the related Ussuri shrew (Sorex mirabilis).
Erasmus D. Keyes
Erasmus Darwin Keyes (May 29, 1810 – October 14, 1895) was a businessman, banker, and military general, noted for leading the IV Corps of the Union Army of the Potomac during the first half of the American Civil War.

Brigadier general (United States)
In the United States Armed Forces, a brigadier general is a one-star general officer in the United States Army, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Space Force.

A brigadier general ranks above a colonel and below a major general.  The pay grade of brigadier general is O-7. 
It is equivalent to the rank of rear admiral (lower half) in the other United States uniformed services which use naval ranks.  It is abbreviated as BG in the Army, BGen in the Marine Corps, and Brig Gen in the Air Force and Space Force.

The Civil Air Patrol also uses this grade for its National Vice Commander and some past National commanders.
Titular bishop
A titular bishop in various churches is a bishop who is not in charge of a diocese.
By definition, a bishop is an "overseer" of a community of the faithful, so when a priest is ordained a bishop, the tradition of the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches is that he be ordained for a specific place. There are more bishops than there are functioning dioceses. Therefore, a priest appointed not to head a diocese as its diocesan bishop but to be an auxiliary bishop, a papal diplomat, or an official of the Roman Curia is appointed to a titular see.

See of Tyre
The See of Tyre was one of the most ancient dioceses in Christianity. The existence of a Christian community here in the time of Saint Paul is mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles. Seated at Tyre, which was the capital of the Roman province of Phoenicia Prima, the bishopric was a metropolitan see. Its position was briefly challenged by the see of Berytus in the mid-5th century; but after 480/1 the metropolitan of Tyre established itself as the first (protothronos) of all those subject to the Patriarch of Antioch.

In the summer of 2017, a Greek mosaic measured at five-metres long was found west of the Sea of Galilee. The excavation was co-directed by historian Jacob Ashkenazi and archaeologist Mordechai Aviam and it named Irenaeus as bishop of Tyre. Since the inscription provides the date of the church's completion as 445, it gives credence to a date as early as 444 CE for his ordination.
Barry Windham
Barry Clinton Windham (born July 4, 1960) is an American retired professional wrestler. The son of wrestler Blackjack Mulligan, he is best known for his appearances with the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) and the World Wrestling Federation (WWF).

In NWA/WCW, he was a one-time NWA World Heavyweight Champion, a one-time United States Heavyweight Champion, a one-time Television Champion, a one-time Western States Heritage Champion, a four-time NWA/WCW World Tag Team Champion and a one-time NWA United States Tag Team Champion with Ron Garvin. In the WWF, he was a two-time World Tag Team Champion with his brother-in-law, Mike Rotunda. Windham was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame twice, first in 2012 as a member of The Four Horsemen and then again in 2024 as a member of The U.S. Express.

NWA Florida Global Tag Team Championship
The NWA Florida Global Tag Team Championship was a major tag team title in Championship Wrestling from Florida from 1982 until fall 1983, when it was replaced by the NWA Florida United States Tag Team Championship.
Pulitzer Prize
The Pulitzer Prizes (/ˈpʊlɪtsər/ PUUL-it-sər) are 23 annual awards given by Columbia University in New York City for achievements in the United States in "journalism, arts and letters". They were established in 1917 by the will of Joseph Pulitzer, who had made his fortune as a newspaper publisher.

Prizes in 2024 were awarded in these categories, with three finalists named for each:

Each winner receives a certificate and $15,000 in cash, except in the Public Service category, where a gold medal is awarded.

Annie Baker
Annie Baker (born April 1981) is an American playwright and film director. She is known for her Pulitzer Prize-winning play The Flick (2013). She has written a series of plays set in the fictional town of Shirley: Body Awareness (2008), Circle Mirror Transformation (2009), The Aliens (2010), and Nocturama (2014). She made her feature film directorial debut with the A24 coming-of-age drama Janet Planet (2023).