hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Duitama
Duitama (Spanish pronunciation: [dwiˈtama]) is a city and municipality in the department of Boyacá. It's the capital of the Tundama Province. Duitama is located 195 kilometres (121 mi) northeast of Bogotá, the capital of Colombia and 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Tunja, the capital of Boyacá. In 2023 Duitama had an estimated population of 131,591.

New Kingdom of Granada
The New Kingdom of Granada (Spanish: Nuevo Reino de Granada), or Kingdom of New Granada, was the name given to a group of colonial-era Spanish ultramarine provinces in northern South America governed by the president of the Real Audiencia of Santa Fe, an area corresponding mainly to modern-day Colombia. The conquistadors originally organized it as a province with a Real Audiencia within the Viceroyalty of Peru and thus having a certain level of independence from it. The audiencia was established by the crown in 1549.

Later, the kingdom would become the Viceroyalty of New Granada, first in 1717, and permanently in 1739. After several attempts to set up independent states in the 1810s, the kingdom and the viceroyalty ceased to exist altogether around 1819 with the establishment of the first Republic of Colombia.
La traviata
La traviata (Italian: [la traviˈaːta, -aˈvjaː-]; The Fallen Woman) is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi set to an Italian libretto by Francesco Maria Piave. It is based on La Dame aux camélias (1852), a play by Alexandre Dumas fils, which he adapted from his own 1848 novel. The opera was originally titled Violetta, after the main character. It was first performed on 6 March 1853 at La Fenice opera house in Venice.

Piave and Verdi wanted to follow Dumas in giving the opera a contemporary setting, but the authorities at La Fenice insisted that it be set in the past, "c. 1700". It was not until the 1880s that the composer's and librettist's original wishes were carried out and "realistic" productions were staged. La traviata has become immensely popular and is among the most frequently performed of all operas.

Graz Opera
The Graz Opera (German: Oper Graz) is an Austrian opera house and opera company based in Graz.  The orchestra of the opera house also performs concerts as the Graz Philharmonic Orchestra (Grazer Philharmonisches Orchester).
1922 South American Championship
The sixth edition of the South American Championship was scheduled to be held in Chile, but Brazil asked to host it as part of its 100th anniversary independence celebrations. Thus it was held in Rio de Janeiro between 17 September and 6 November 1922.

1983 Copa América
The 1983 Copa América football tournament was played between 10 August and 4 November, with all ten CONMEBOL members participating. Defending champions Paraguay received a bye into the semi-finals.

The cup was won by Uruguay, that beat Brazil in the final match. This achievement ended Uruguay's 16-year streak without an official championship since the 1967 South American Championship, and qualified the Celestes to play the first Artemio Franchi Trophy in 1985 against France, winner of the UEFA Euro 1984.
Voivode
Voivode is a title denoting a military leader or warlord in Central, Southeastern and Eastern Europe, in use since the Early Middle Ages. It primarily referred to the medieval rulers of the Romanian-inhabited states and of governors and military commanders of Polish, Hungarian, Lithuanian, Balkan, Russian and other Slavic-speaking populations.

In the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, voivode was interchangeably used with palatine. In the Tsardom of Russia, a voivode was a military governor. Among the Danube principalities, and in Bohemia, voivode was considered a princely title.

Ataman
Ataman (variants: otaman, wataman, vataman; Russian: атаман, romanized: ataman; Ukrainian: отаман, romanized: otaman, German: Feldataman) was a title of Cossack and haidamak leaders of various kinds. In the Russian Empire, the term was the official title of the supreme military commanders of the Cossack armies. The Ukrainian version of the same word is hetman. Otaman in Ukrainian Cossack forces was a position of a lower rank.
Druk Desi
The Druk Desi (Dzongkha: འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་, Wylie: 'brug sde-srid; also called Deb Raja) was the title of the secular (administrative) rulers of Bhutan under the dual system of government between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. Under this system, government authority was divided among secular and religious administrations, both unified under the nominal authority of the Zhabdrung Rinpoche. Druk, meaning 'thunder dragon', refers symbolically to Bhutan, whose most ancient name is Druk-yul. Desi, meaning 'regent', was the chief secular office in the realm under this system of government.

Thimphu Province
Thimphu Province (Dzongkha: ཀྲོང་གསར་; Wylie: krong-gsar) was one of the nine historical Provinces of Bhutan.

Thimphu Province occupied lands in western Bhutan, corresponding approximately to modern day Thimphu District. It was administered from the Simtokha Dzong in the town of Thimphu, and the ruling governor was known as the Dzongpen of Thimphu, or Thimphub.: 205
First National Pictures
First National Pictures was an American motion picture production and distribution company. It was founded in 1917 as First National Exhibitors' Circuit, Inc., an association of independent theatre owners in the United States, and became the country's largest theater chain. Expanding from exhibiting movies to distributing them, the company reincorporated in 1919 as Associated First National Theatres, Inc., and Associated First National Pictures, Inc. In 1924 it expanded to become a motion picture production company as First National Pictures, Inc., and became an important studio in the film industry. In September 1928, control of First National passed to Warner Bros., into which it was completely absorbed on November 4, 1929. A number of Warner Bros. films were thereafter branded First National Pictures until July 1936, when First National Pictures, Inc., was dissolved.

Kenneth Webb (director)
Kenneth Seymour Webb (16 October 1885 New York City – 6 March 1966 Hollywood, California) was an American film director, screenwriter, and composer noted for directing a number of films in the early age of the American film industry. He helped write the Gay Divorce along with Samuel Hoffenstein.
Papias of Hierapolis
Papias (Greek: Παπίας) was a Greek Apostolic Father, Bishop of Hierapolis (modern Pamukkale, Turkey), and author who lived c. AD 60 – c. 130. He wrote the Exposition of the Sayings of the Lord (Greek: Λογίων Κυριακῶν Ἐξήγησις) in five books. This work, which is lost apart from brief excerpts in the works of Irenaeus of Lyons (c. 180) and Eusebius of Caesarea (c. 320), is an important early source on Christian oral tradition and especially on the origins of the canonical Gospels.

Victorinus of Pettau
Saint Victorinus of Pettau (also Ptuj or Poetovio; Greek: Βικτωρίνος Πεταβίου; died 303 or 304) was an Early Christian ecclesiastical writer who flourished about 270, and who was martyred during the persecutions of Emperor Diocletian. A Bishop of Poetovio (modern Ptuj in Slovenia; German: Pettau) in Pannonia, Victorinus is also known as Victorinus Petavionensis or Poetovionensis. Victorinus composed commentaries on various texts within the Christians' Holy Scriptures.
Bill Tarmey
Bill Tarmey (born William Piddington; 4 April 1941 – 9 November 2012) was an English actor and singer, best known for playing Jack Duckworth in the soap opera Coronation Street. First appearing in the role in November 1979, he played it continually from 1981 to 2010.

Curly Watts
Norman "Curly" Watts is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera Coronation Street, from 1983 to 2003, and in spin-off DVD Coronation Street: A Knights Tale in 2010. He was portrayed throughout by Kevin Kennedy. Most of Curly's storylines dealt with his repeated failure to form a successful romantic relationship. His nickname resulted from him having straight, lank hair and getting into rows over money, mainly in 1996. His hobby was astronomy and he installed a telescope in the loft of his house. In 2003 Kennedy left the soap after 20 years.
Santalaceae
The Santalaceae, the sandalwood family, are a family of flowering plants (including small trees, shrubs, perennial herbs, and epiphytic climbers) which, like other members of Santalales, are partially parasitic on other plants. Its flowers are often unisexual or bisexual. Modern treatments of the Santalaceae include the family Viscaceae (mistletoes), previously considered distinct. They are widely distributed worldwide, primarily across temperate and tropical regions. Many members of Santalaceae have a long history of human use.

Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae (/rənʌŋkjuːˈleɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/ rə-nung-kew-LAY-see-e(y)e, buttercup or crowfoot family; Latin rānunculus "little frog", from rāna "frog") is a large family of flowering plants, distributed worldwide.

As of February 2026, World Flora Online accepted 53 genera and over 3,700 species. The largest genera are Ranunculus with more than 1,600 species, Delphinium with more than 500, and Clematis with almost 400.
Dentition
Dentition pertains to the development of teeth and their arrangement in the mouth. In particular, it is the characteristic arrangement, type, and number of teeth in a given species at a given age, as well as the morpho-physiology (that is, the relationship between the shape and form of the tooth in question and its inferred function) of the animal's teeth.

Baculum
The baculum (pl.: bacula), also known as the penis bone, penile bone, os penis, os genitale, or os priapi, is a bone in the penis of many placental mammals. It is not present in humans, but is present in the penises of some primates, such as the gorilla and the chimpanzee. The baculum arises from primordial cells in soft tissues of the penis, and its formation is largely influenced by androgens. The bone lies above the urethra, and it aids sexual reproduction by maintaining stiffness during sexual penetration. The homologue to the baculum in female mammals is the baubellum (os clitoridis), a bone in the clitoris.
Raymond of Poitiers
Raymond of Poitiers (c. 1105 – 29 June 1149) was Prince of Antioch from 1136 to 1149. He was the younger son of William IX, Duke of Aquitaine, and his wife Philippa, Countess of Toulouse, born in the very year that his father the Duke began his infamous liaison with Dangereuse de Chatelherault.

Shaizar
Shaizar or Shayzar (Arabic: شيزر; in modern Arabic Saijar; Hellenistic name: Larissa in Syria, Λάρισσα εν Συρία in Greek) is a town in northern Syria, administratively part of the Hama Governorate, located northwest of Hama. Nearby localities include, Mahardah, Tremseh, Kafr Hud, Khunayzir and Halfaya. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Shaizar had a population of 5,953 in the 2004 census.

During the Crusades, the town was a fortress, ruled by the Banu Munqidh family. It played an important part in the Christian and Muslim politics of the crusades.
Giant
In folklore, giants (from Ancient Greek: gigas, cognate giga-) are beings of humanoid appearance, but are at times prodigious in size and strength or bear an otherwise notable appearance. The word giant is first attested in 1297 from Robert of Gloucester's chronicle. It is derived from the Gigantes (Ancient Greek: Γίγαντες) of Greek mythology.

Fairy tales such as Jack the Giant Killer have formed the modern perception of giants as dimwitted and violent ogres, sometimes said to eat humans or livestock. In more recent portrayals, like those of Jonathan Swift and Roald Dahl, some giants are both intelligent and friendly.

Griffin
The griffin, griffon, or gryphon (Ancient Greek: γρύψ, romanized: grýps; Classical Latin: gryps or grypus; Late and Medieval Latin: gryphes, grypho etc.; Old French: griffon) is a legendary creature with the body, tail, and back legs of a lion, and the head and wings of an eagle with its talons on the front legs.
Network 10
Network 10 (commonly known as the 10 Network, Channel 10 or simply 10) is an Australian commercial television network. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Paramount Skydance's UK & Australia division and is one of the five national free-to-air networks in the country.

As of 2025, Network 10 is the fourth-rated television network and primary channel in Australia, behind the Seven Network, Nine Network and ABC TV and ahead of SBS.

Racing.com
Racing.com (stylised as RACING.COM) is an Australian free-to-air standard-definition digital television channel, owned and operated by the Seven Network and Racing Victoria. The channel broadcasts live Victorian, South Australian, Western Australian and Hong Kong horse racing, news, racing statistics and information, race replays, event calendars and other related media.

The service officially launched on 29 August 2015, after a blackout of Victorian horse races by Sky Racing, and is available to viewers in metropolitan areas, as well as regional areas via Southern Cross Television, and nationally via Foxtel.
Astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. Astronomers study astronomical objects, such as stars, planets, moons, comets and galaxies, by some combination of observation and the application of astrophysical models. Examples of topics or fields astronomers study include planetary science, solar astronomy, the origin or evolution of stars, or the formation of galaxies. A related but distinct subject is physical cosmology, which studies the universe as a whole.

Southern celestial hemisphere
The southern celestial hemisphere, also called the Southern Sky, is the southern half of the celestial sphere; that is, it lies south of the celestial equator. This arbitrary sphere, on which seemingly fixed stars form constellations, appears to rotate westward around a polar axis as the Earth rotates.

At all times, the entire Southern Sky is visible from the geographic South Pole; less of the Southern Sky is visible the further north the observer is located. The northern counterpart is the northern celestial hemisphere.
Island Records
Island Records is a multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It was founded in Jamaica by Chris Blackwell, Graeme Goodall, and Leslie Kong in 1959, and was eventually sold to PolyGram in 1989. Island and A&M Records, another label recently acquired by PolyGram, were both at the time the largest independent record labels in history, with Island having exerted a major influence on the progressive music scene in the United Kingdom in the early 1970s.

Island Records operates four international divisions: Island US, Island UK, Island Australia, and Island France (known as Vertigo France until 2014). Current key people include Imran Majid and Justin Eshak who were named co-CEOs of Island Records in 2021. Partially due to its significant legacy, Island remains one of UMG's pre-eminent record labels.

Gabriella Cilmi
Gabriella Lucia Cilmi (/ˈtʃɪlmi/ CHIL-mee; Italian: [ˈtʃilmi]; born 10 October 1991) is an Australian pop singer and songwriter. A contralto, Cilmi is known for her distinctive raspy singing voice.

Her debut album, Lessons to Be Learned, was released in March 2008, becoming a moderate international success. Cilmi won six ARIA Music Awards, including Single of the Year and Best Female Artist, in 2008. Her second studio album, Ten, was released in March 2010. Her third studio album, The Sting, was released in November 2013. In November 2019, Cilmi released a six-track EP, The Water, which she called a taste of a yet-to-be-released studio album. Cilmi holds dual Australian-Italian citizenship. In February 2025, Cilmi returned home to Australia to support The Corrs on the Australian leg of their tour.
Liparitids
The Liparitids (Georgian: ლიპარიტები), also known as Baghuashi (ბაღჳაში), were a Georgian noble house (didebuli) in medieval Georgia, with notable members from the 9th to 12th centuries. They were famed for their powerful resistance to the consolidation of Bagratid royal authority in the Kingdom of Georgia. A principal branch of the Liparitid house, known later under the name of  Orbelian.

Trialeti
Trialeti (Georgian: თრიალეთი [t̪ʰɾiäle̞t̪ʰi])  is a mountainous area in central Georgia.  In Georgian, its name means "a place of wandering".  The Trialeti Range is a part of the greater Trialeti Region. It corresponds to the modern-day Tsalka Municipality.

41°30′N 44°10′E﻿ / ﻿41.500°N 44.167°E﻿ / 41.500; 44.167
Western sandpiper
The western sandpiper (Calidris mauri) is a small migratory shorebird. The genus name is from Ancient Greek kalidris or skalidris, a term used by Aristotle for some grey-coloured waterside birds. The specific mauri commemorates Italian botanist Ernesto Mauri (1791–1836).

This is one of the most abundant shorebird species in North America, with a population in the millions.

Within the genus Calidris the western sandpiper is most closely related to the semipalmated sandpiper (Calidris pusilla).

Black-necked stilt
The black-necked stilt (Himantopus mexicanus) is a locally abundant shorebird of North and South American wetlands and coastlines. It is found from the coastal areas of California through much of the interior western United States and along the Gulf of Mexico as far east as Florida, then south through Central America and the Caribbean to Brazil, Peru and the Galápagos Islands, with an isolated population, the Hawaiian stilt, in Hawaii. The northernmost populations, particularly those from inland, are migratory, wintering from the extreme south of the United States to southern Mexico, rarely as far south as Costa Rica; on the Baja California peninsula it is only found regularly in winter. Some authorities, including the IUCN, treat it as a synonym of Himantopus himantopus.
Center (gridiron football)
Center or centre (C) is a position in American football. The center is the innermost lineman of the offensive line on a football team's offense who passes (or "snaps") the ball between his legs to the quarterback at the start of each play.

During the period of the one-platoon system, centers frequently played defensively as "middle guards", off the opposing center on the opposite side of the line as with a modern nose tackle. Others played off the defensive line of scrimmage as linebackers.

Pat Donovan
Patrick Emery Donovan (born July 1, 1953) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive tackle for the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Stanford Cardinal. Sports Illustrated named him the fourth greatest Montana athlete of the 20th century.
1962 European Cup final
The 1962 European Cup final was a football match played at the Olympisch Stadion in Amsterdam, Netherlands on 2 May 1962 as the conclusion to the 1961–62 European Cup.

The match was contested by the only two teams to have previously won the trophy – defending champions Benfica of Portugal and five-time winners Real Madrid of Spain.

Benfica won the match 5–3 as they successfully defended their title. Ferenc Puskás became the first player to score a hat-trick in multiple European Cup finals after scoring four goals in the 1960 final and the first to score a hat-trick in a European Cup final for the losing side.

1971 European Cup Winners' Cup final
The 1971 European Cup Winners' Cup Final was a football match contested by Chelsea of England and Real Madrid of Spain. It was the final match of the 1970–71 competition and the 11th European Cup Winners' Cup final in all.
Yevgeny Kafelnikov
Yevgeny Aleksandrovich Kafelnikov (Russian: Евгений Александрович Кафельников, IPA: [jɪvˈɡʲenʲɪj ˈkafʲɪlʲnʲɪkəf] ⓘ; born 18 February 1974) is a Russian former professional tennis player. He was ranked as the world No. 1 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). Kafelnikov won 26 ATP Tour-level singles titles, including two majors at the 1996 French Open and the 1999 Australian Open, as well as an Olympic gold medal at the 2000 Sydney Olympics. He also won four major doubles titles (three at the French Open and one at the US Open), and is the most recent man to have won both the men's singles and doubles titles at the same major, which he achieved at the 1996 French Open. In 2019, Kafelnikov was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame.

Todd Martin
Todd Martin (born July 8, 1970) is an American retired tennis player. He reached the men's singles final at the 1994 Australian Open and the 1999 US Open and achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 4.
Santiago Solari
Santiago Hernán Solari Poggio (born 7 October 1976) is an Argentine professional football manager and former player who played as a left midfielder.

He spent the better part of his 16-year professional career in Spain, amassing La Liga totals of 177 matches and 17 goals mainly with Real Madrid, but also played in Italy for Inter Milan, winning 13 major titles between both teams.

Solari began working as a coach in 2013, going on to spend several years associated with Real Madrid in different capacities.

Real Madrid Castilla
Real Madrid Castilla Club de Fútbol or Real Madrid B is a Spanish football team that plays in Primera Federación – Group 1. It is Real Madrid's reserve team. They play their home games at the Alfredo Di Stéfano Stadium with a capacity of 6,000 seats.

Reserve teams in Spain play in the same league system as their senior team rather than a separate league. Reserve teams, however, cannot play in the same division as their senior team. Therefore, Real Madrid Castilla are ineligible for promotion to the La Liga as long as Real Madrid plays there. Consequently, they must play at least one level below their main side and they are not eligible to play in the Copa del Rey. In addition, only under-23 players, or under-25 players with a professional contract, can switch between senior and reserve teams.
Hohhot
Hohhot, formerly known as Kweisui, is the capital and largest city of the northern Chinese province of Inner Mongolia, serving as the region's administrative, economic and cultural center. Its population was 3,446,100 inhabitants as of the 2020 census, of whom 2,944,889 lived in the metropolitan area consisting of 4 urban districts (including Hohhot Economic and Development Zone) plus the Tumed Left Banner.

The name of the city in Mongolian means "Blue City", although it is also wrongly referred to as the "Green City." The color blue in Mongol culture is associated with the sky, eternity and purity. In Chinese, the name can be translated as Qīng Chéng (Chinese: 青城; lit. 'Blue/Green City') The name has also been variously romanized as Kokotan, Kokutan, Kuku-hoton, Huhohaot'e, Huhehot, Huhhot, Huhot, or Köke qota.

The city is a seat of the Inner Mongolia University, the largest regional comprehensive university and was the only 211 Project University in Inner Mongolia.

Wuzhong, Ningxia
Wuzhong (simplified Chinese: 吴忠; traditional Chinese: 吳忠; pinyin: Wúzhōng; Xiao'erjing: وُجْو شِ) is a prefecture-level city in the Ningxia autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. It was known as Yinnan Prefecture (银南地区; 銀南地區; Yínnán Dìqū; Xiao'erjing: ءٍنًا دِٿِيُوِ) before it was upgraded to a prefecture-level city in 1998. Wuzhong is located in the Northwest of China, with the Yellow River flowing through the center of the city.In 2019, Wuzhong had a population of 1.4 million. By the end of 2024, the resident population of the city was 1,415,300, an increase of 12,600 over the end of the previous year, including 833,100 residents in urban areas.