hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2020 Liberal Democrats leadership election
The 2020 Liberal Democrats leadership election was held in August 2020, after Jo Swinson, the previous leader of the Liberal Democrats, lost her seat in the 2019 general election. It was initially set to be held in July 2020, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic it was delayed by six weeks, having been at first postponed until May 2021.

Candidates including Wera Hobhouse and Christine Jardine initially declared their intention to stand but later withdrew. By 9 July, the date nominations officially closed, the only candidates were Ed Davey and Layla Moran. Davey was announced as the winner on 27 August with 63.5% of the vote.

Mark Pack, Baron Pack
Mark Anthony Pack, Baron Pack (born 27 July 1970) is a British politician who served as the president of the Liberal Democrats from 1 January 2020 until 31 December 2025. After the party's leader, Jo Swinson, lost her seat in the 2019 December election, Pack served as acting leader alongside Ed Davey from 1 January 2020 to 27 August 2020, when Davey was elected as leader.
Real Avilés Industrial CF
Real Avilés Industrial Club de Fútbol is a Spanish football team based in Avilés, in the autonomous community of Asturias. Founded in 1903 it plays in Primera Federación – Group 1, holding home matches at Estadio Román Suárez Puerta, with an approximate capacity of 5,400 seats.

Marino de Luanco
Club Marino de Luanco is a Spanish football team based in Luanco, in the autonomous community of Asturias. Founded in 1931 it plays in Segunda Federación – Group 1, holding home games at Estadio Miramar, with a capacity of 3,500 seats.
1946 South American Championship
The nineteenth edition of the South American Championship in football was held in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 12 January to 10 February. This tournament, an extra edition with no trophy handed to the winners, is considered official by CONMEBOL.

The participating countries were Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay.

Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru withdrew from the tournament.

1949 South American Championship
The 1949 South American Championship was the 21st edition of the Copa América, the main national team football competition in South America. It was held in, and won by, Brazil. Paraguay finished as runner-up while Argentina withdrew from the tournament.

This achievement ended a 27-year streak without official titles for the Brazilians. The last one had been in the 1922 South American Championship, also played on Brazilian soil. Jair Rosa Pinto from Brazil was the top scorer of the tournament, with nine goals.
FC Dinamo Batumi
FC Dinamo Batumi (Georgian: საფეხბურთო კლუბი დინამო ბათუმი) is a Georgian professional football club based in Batumi, Adjara that competes in the Erovnuli Liga, the top division of the national football system.

The club won the champion's title in 2021 and 2023, the Georgian Cup in 1997–98, and two Georgian Super Cups, in 1998 and 2022. In 1990, they changed their name to FC Batumi, only to reverse the decision in 1994.

Dinamo play their home matches at the Batumi Stadium.

FC Kolkheti-1913 Poti
FC Kolkheti 1913, commonly referred to as Kolkheti Poti, is a Georgian football club based in Poti. Following the 2025 season, the team was relegated to the Erovnuli Liga 2, the 2nd division of Georgian football.

Being registered in 1913, Kolkheti is the oldest active football club in the country. They are the two-time winners of the Soviet republican championship. After an independent Umaglesi Liga was formed in 1990, Kolkheti joined it as a 3rd-tier club and subsequently spent 17 successive seasons before worsening financial problems resulted in their first relegation. As the club's decline continued, it dropped into the third division by 2020. Kolkheti had two unsuccessful playoff campaigns in Liga 3 before securing two consecutive promotions.

Their first European tie was against Serbian club Zemun in 1996. The club plays its home games at Fazisi Stadium.
Detective fiction
Detective fiction is a subgenre of crime fiction and mystery fiction in which an investigator or a detective—whether professional, amateur or retired—investigates a crime, often murder. The detective genre began around the same time as speculative fiction and other genre fiction in the mid-nineteenth century and has remained extremely popular, particularly in novels. Some of the most famous heroes of detective fiction include C. Auguste Dupin, Sherlock Holmes, Kogoro Akechi, Miss Marple and Hercule Poirot. Juvenile stories featuring The Hardy Boys, Nancy Drew, and The Boxcar Children have also remained in print for several decades.

Spenser (character)
Spenser is a fictional private investigator created by the American mystery writer Robert B. Parker. He acts as the protagonist of a series of detective novels written by Parker and later continued by Ace Atkins and Mike Lupica. His first appearance was in the 1973 novel The Godwulf Manuscript. He is also featured in the 1980s television series Spenser: For Hire and a related series of TV movies based on the novels. In March 2020, he was featured in the Netflix thriller film Spenser Confidential.

Spenser is only referred to by his surname in the novels and the television series. Spenser is addressed as "Jim" at the end of Chapter 9 of "The Godwulf Manuscript" though this was probably a casual address by a stranger, akin to "Mac" or "Buddy."
Gilgit District
The Gilgit District (Urdu: ضلع گلگت) is one of the 14 districts of Pakistan-administered territory of Gilgit-Baltistan in the disputed Kashmir region. The headquarters of the district is the town of Gilgit. At the 1998 census, the Gilgit District had a population of 243,324. The district includes Gilgit (the capital city), the Bagrot Valley, Juglot, Danyore, Sultanabad, Naltar Peak, and the Nomal Valley. The highest peak in the district is Distaghil Sar 7,885 metres (25,869 ft), which is the seventh-highest peak in Pakistan and 19th highest in the world.

Hunza District
Hunza District (IPA: [ɦʊnza], Urdu: ضلع ہنزہ, Burushaski: ہُنزݳ ضِلع‎) is a district of Pakistan-administered Gilgit-Baltistan in the disputed Kashmir region. It is one of the 14 districts of the Gilgit-Baltistan region. It was established in 2015 by the division of the Hunza–Nagar District in accordance with a government decision to establish more administrative units in Gilgit-Baltistan. The district headquarters is the town of Karimabad.
Benigno Fitial
Benigno Repeki Fitial (born November 27, 1945) is a Northern Mariana Islander politician who served as the seventh governor of the Northern Mariana Islands from January 4, 2006 until his resignation on February 20, 2013.

Fitial was the first elected governor of Carolinian descent in the United States generally and the Northern Mariana Islands specifically. The second longest-serving governor in CNMI history, he was also the first territorial governor to be impeached. He resigned less than two weeks after his impeachment, on February 20, 2013, after 7 years, 1 month, and 11 days in office.

During his political and business career, Fitial was a prominent figure in the advancement and maintenance of the exploitative practices of the then-luxurative garment industry in the Commonwealth including the mistreatment of foreign workers and an opponent of the “federalization” of the then locally controlled immigration system.

Lieutenant Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands
The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands has a self-governing government consisting of a locally elected governor, lieutenant governor and the Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Legislature.

The current lieutenant governor is Dennis C. Mendiola, since July 23, 2025.
Korean idol
An idol (Korean: 아이돌; RR: aidol) is a type of entertainer who works in the field of Korean popular music (K-pop), either as a member of a group or as a solo act. They typically work for an entertainment agency that operates a highly managed star system that idols are produced by and debut under. Idols undergo extensive training in dance, vocal performance, and foreign language, and tend to represent a hybridized convergence of visuals, music, and fashion. Idols maintain a carefully curated public image and social media presence, and dedicate significant time and resources to building relationships with fans through concerts and meetups.

Moon Kyung-eun
Moon Kyung-eun (born August 27, 1971) is a former South Korean male professional basketball player and basketball coach. He was part of the team at the 1994 Asian Games, 1996 Summer Olympics, 1998 Asian Games and the 2002 Asian Games. From 2012 to 2021 he was head coach of the Korean Basketball League team, the Seoul SK Knights.
Palm Beach Gardens, Florida
Palm Beach Gardens is a city in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States, approximately 80 miles (130 km) north of Miami. Palm Beach Gardens is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area. The population was 59,182 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 61,146 in 2023.

Fort Pierce, Florida
Fort Pierce is a city in and the county seat of St. Lucie County, Florida, United States. An hour north of West Palm Beach, the city is part of the Treasure Coast region of Florida’s Atlantic Coast. It is also known as the Sunrise City. Per the 2020 census, the population was 47,297.
Cantilever
A cantilever is a structural element that is firmly attached to a fixed structure at one end and is unsupported at the other end. Sometimes it projects from a vertical surface such as a wall. A cantilever can be in the form of a beam, plate, truss, or slab.

When subjected to a structural load at its far, unsupported end, the cantilever carries the load to the support where it applies a shear stress and a bending moment.

Cantilever construction allows overhanging structures without external support.

Dormer
A dormer is a roofed structure, often containing a window, that projects vertically beyond the plane of a pitched roof. A dormer window (also called dormer) is a form of roof window.

Dormers are commonly used to increase the usable space in a loft and to create window openings in a roof plane. A dormer is often one of the primary elements of a loft conversion. As a prominent element of many buildings, different types of dormer have evolved to complement different styles of architecture. When the structure appears on the spires of churches and cathedrals, it is usually referred to as a lucarne.
2015–16 Liga FPD
The 2015–16 Costa Rican FPD was the 95th season of the Costa Rican top-flight football league. It was divided in two championships: the Invierno and Verano seasons.

The Invierno season will be dedicated to Manuel Antonio "Pilo" Obando.

2018–19 Liga FPD
The 2018–19 Liga FPD season, also known as Campeonato Banco Popular for sponsorship reasons, is the 98th since its establishment. The tournament is the second since the 2006–07 season to use the Apertura and Clausura names to their short tournaments, marking a departure from the Invierno and Verano tournaments.

The Voit Lummo is the official match ball of the tournament. Deportivo Saprissa are the defending champions, after defeating Herediano in the Clausura 2018 tournament.
Braydon Coburn
Braydon Coburn (born February 27, 1985) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. Coburn was originally selected in the first round, eighth overall, by the Atlanta Thrashers in the 2003 NHL entry draft, beginning his NHL career with the organization before moving to the Philadelphia Flyers, Tampa Bay Lightning, Ottawa Senators and New York Islanders. Coburn won the Stanley Cup as a member of the Lightning in 2020.

Anton Strålman
Anton Strålman (born 1 August 1986) is a former Swedish professional ice hockey defenceman. Strålman last played for HV71 in the Swedish Hockey League. He also played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Toronto Maple Leafs, the organization that drafted him in the seventh round, 216th overall, in 2005, as well as the Columbus Blue Jackets, the New York Rangers, the Tampa Bay Lightning, the Florida Panthers, the Arizona Coyotes, and the Boston Bruins.
Phosphorylation
In biochemistry, phosphorylation is described as the "transfer of a phosphate group" from a donor to an acceptor or the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule. A common phosphorylating agent (phosphate donor) is ATP and a common family of acceptor are alcohols:

[Adenosyl−O−PO2−O−PO2−O−PO3]4−  +  ROH   →   Adenosyl−O−PO2−O−PO3H]2−  +  [RO−P−O3]2−

This equation can be written in several ways that are nearly equivalent that describe the behaviors of various protonated states of ATP, ADP, and the phosphorylated product.
As is clear from the equation, a phosphate group per se is not transferred, but a phosphoryl group (PO3-).  Phosphoryl is an electrophile.
This process and its inverse, dephosphorylation, are common in biology. Protein phosphorylation often activates (or deactivates) many enzymes.

E2F
E2F is a group of genes that encodes a family of transcription factors (TF) in higher eukaryotes. Three of them are activators: E2F1, 2 and E2F3a. Six others act as repressors: E2F3b, E2F4-8. All of them are involved in the cell cycle regulation and synthesis of DNA in mammalian cells. E2Fs as TFs bind to the TTTCCCGC (or slight variations of this sequence) consensus binding site in the target promoter sequence.
Cylinder
A cylinder (from Greek  κύλινδρος (kúlindros) 'roller, tumbler') has traditionally been a three-dimensional solid, one of the most basic of curvilinear geometric shapes. In elementary geometry, it is considered a prism with a circle as its base.

A cylinder may also be defined as an infinite curvilinear surface in various modern branches of geometry and topology. The shift in the basic meaning—solid versus surface (as in a solid ball versus sphere surface)—has created some ambiguity with terminology. The two concepts may be distinguished by referring to solid cylinders and cylindrical surfaces. In the literature the unadorned term "cylinder" could refer to either of these or to an even more specialized object, the right circular cylinder.

Screw thread
A screw thread is a helical structure used to convert between rotational and linear movement or force. A screw thread is a ridge wrapped around a cylinder or cone in the form of a helix, with the former being called a straight thread and the latter called a tapered thread. A screw thread is the essential feature of the screw as a simple machine and also as a threaded fastener.

The mechanical advantage of a screw thread depends on its lead, which is the linear distance the screw travels in one revolution. In most applications, the lead of a screw thread is chosen so that friction is sufficient to prevent linear motion being converted to rotary, that is so the screw does not slip even when linear force is applied, as long as no external rotational force is present. This characteristic is essential to the vast majority of its uses. The tightening of a fastener's screw thread is comparable to driving a wedge into a gap until it sticks fast through friction and slight elastic deformation.
Zacatecan deer mouse
The Zacatecan deer mouse, Zacatecan deermouse, or southern rock mouse (Peromyscus difficilis) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is a species of the genus Peromyscus, a closely related group of New World mice often called "deermice". It is found only in Mexico, and is not considered endangered.

White-ankled mouse
The white-ankled mouse (Peromyscus pectoralis) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is a species of the genus Peromyscus, a closely related group of New World mice often called "deermice". It is found in Mexico, and in New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas in the United States.

The white-ankled mouse is commonly found in coexistence with the brush mouse and Texas mouse (P. boylii and P. attaweri, respectively). Often, the sympatric overlap in characteristics between these species makes it difficult to identify a specific species.  The most distinguishing feature of the white-ankled mouse, and the one most used to identify the species, is the baculum of males. The tip of the white-ankled mouse's baculum is long and cartilaginous, whereas the tips of brush and Texas mice are short and rounded.
Comitative case
In grammar, the comitative case (abbreviated COM) is a grammatical case that denotes accompaniment.: 17–23  In English, the preposition "with", in the sense of "in company with" or "together with", plays a substantially similar role. Other uses of "with", like in the meaning of "using" or "by means of" (I cut bread with a knife), correspond to the instrumental case or related cases.

Absolutive case
In grammar, the absolutive case (abbreviated ABS) is the case of nouns in ergative–absolutive languages that would generally be the subjects of intransitive verbs or the objects of transitive verbs in the translational equivalents of nominative–accusative languages such as English.
Fielding error
In baseball and softball statistics, an error is an act, in the judgment of the official scorer, of a fielder misplaying a ball in a manner that allows a batter or baserunner to advance one or more bases or allows a plate appearance to continue after the batter should have been put out. The term  error is sometimes used to refer to the play during which an error was committed.

Intentional base on balls
In baseball, an intentional base on balls, usually referred to as an intentional walk and denoted in baseball scorekeeping by IBB, is a walk issued to a batter by a pitcher with the intent of removing the batter's opportunity to swing at the pitched ball. A pitch that is intentionally thrown far outside the strike zone for this purpose is referred to as an intentional ball.

Beginning with the 2017 season, Major League Baseball has removed the requirement to throw four intentional balls. In MLB and in amateur baseball, such as high school and college games, and in most levels of Little League Baseball, the manager of the team on the field now simply asks the plate umpire to let the batter go to first base.  However, beginning in 2023, Little League restricted the procedure to once per game to a single batter.  If a batter is to be intentionally walked a second time, four intentional balls must be thrown.
NWA Southern Heavyweight Championship (Florida version)
The Florida version of the NWA Southern Heavyweight Championship was the major singles professional wrestling championship in the National Wrestling Alliance's Florida territory, Championship Wrestling Florida. It existed from 1962 until 1987, when the title was abandoned. It was revived by NWA Florida in 1996. At various times, different NWA affiliated promotions used their own regional version of the title including promotions based in Georgia, Tennessee, and the Carolinas.

NWA North American Tag Team Championship
The NWA North American Tag Team Championship is an inactive professional wrestling tag team championship that was used and defended in various territories throughout the National Wrestling Alliance., prior to its being purchased in 2017 by Billy Corgan. This is the fifth NWA sanctioned championship to bear this name. Unlike its predecessors, each of which was only used in a specific territory, this title is defended in NWA territories throughout the world in much the same way as the NWA World Tag Team Championship. Also, as with the NWA World Tag Team Championship, the title is ultimately controlled by the NWA Board of Directors and title changes occur only when a majority of the board votes to do so. Originally, the championship was called the MCW North American Tag Team Championship and was defended in Music City Wrestling based out of Nashville, Tennessee.
Intersection (road)
An intersection or an at-grade junction is a junction where two or more roads converge, diverge, meet or cross at the same height, as opposed to an interchange, which uses bridges or tunnels to separate different roads. Major intersections are often delineated by gores and may be classified by road segments, traffic controls and lane design.

This article primarily reflects practice in jurisdictions where vehicles are driven on the right. If not otherwise specified, "right" and "left" can be reversed to reflect jurisdictions where vehicles are driven on the left.

Georgia State Route 44
State Route 44 (SR 44) is a 94.2-mile-long (151.6 km) state highway that runs southwest-to-northeast through portions of Jones, Putnam, Greene, Taliaferro, Wilkes, and Lincoln counties in the central and east-central parts of the U.S. state of Georgia. The route connects Gray with the central portion of Lincoln County, northwest of Lincolnton.
Herman of Carinthia
Herman of Carinthia (1105/1110 – after 1154), also called Hermannus Dalmata, Hermannus Secundus, or Sclavus Dalmata, by his own words born in the "heart of Istria", was a philosopher, astronomer, astrologer, mathematician and translator of Arabic works into Latin.

Alongside Adelard of Bath, John of Seville, Gerard of Cremona and Plato of Tivoli, Herman is the most important translator of Arabic astronomical works in 12th century. The influence of his translations on the development of medieval European astronomy was especially large.

Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete
Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete (English: Law of Muhammad the pseudo-prophet/false prophet) is the translation of the Qur'an into Medieval Latin by Robert of Ketton (c. 1110 – 1160 AD). It is the earliest translation of the Qur'an into a Western European language, completed in 1142-1143.

In 1142 French abbot Peter the Venerable persuaded Robert to join a team he was creating to translate Arabic works into Latin in hopes of aiding the religious conversion of Muslims to Christianity. The translation of the Qur'an was the principal work of this collection, the Corpus Cluniacense. The undertaking was huge, taking over a year and filling over 100 folios (180 pages in modern print). This translation of the Qur'an became popular, with over 25 manuscripts still existing, together with two 16th-century prints. It was the standard translation for Europeans from its release until the 18th century.
Nord-Fron Municipality
Nord-Fron is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Gudbrandsdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Vinstra. Other population centers in the municipality include the villages of Fefor, Kvam, and Skåbu.

The 1,141-square-kilometre (441 sq mi) municipality is the 95th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Nord-Fron Municipality is the 174th most populous municipality in Norway, with a population of 5,553. The municipality's population density is 4.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (13/sq mi), and its population has decreased by 3.1% over the previous 10-year period.

Deanery
A deanery (or decanate) is an ecclesiastical entity in the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Anglican Communion, the Evangelical Church in Germany, and the Church of Norway. A deanery is either the jurisdiction or residence of a dean.

The rural chapter is the body (college) comprising all the clergy of a deanery. It originated in the 13th century. It usually had administrative responsibility and the right to elect the dean.