hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow Foundation
The Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow Foundation (HHAGADF) is the oldest charitable funding organization based in Midland, Michigan and eighth largest in Michigan. During 2023, gifts from the foundation exceeded $45 million and in their 88-year history, $682,920,802 has been disbursed.

Rollin M. Gerstacker Foundation
The Rollin M. Gerstacker Foundation is the second-largest charitable funding organization based in Midland, Michigan. During 2024, gifts exceeded $9 million and in their 67-year history, over $300 million has been disbursed.
Bobby Ryan
Robert Shane Ryan (né Stevenson; March 17, 1987) is an American former professional ice hockey winger. He played for the Anaheim Ducks, Ottawa Senators and Detroit Red Wings in the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted second overall by the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim in the 2005 NHL entry draft.

He played six seasons with the Ducks before being traded to the Senators in 2013, and one season with Detroit in 2020–21. He has also represented the United States in international and Olympic hockey.

Clarke MacArthur
Clarke MacArthur (born April 6, 1985) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey left winger. MacArthur played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Ottawa Senators, Buffalo Sabres, Atlanta Thrashers and Toronto Maple Leafs. He was originally selected by Buffalo in the third round, 74th overall, at the 2003 NHL entry draft.

Prior to turning professional, MacArthur spent three seasons playing for the Medicine Hat Tigers in the Western Hockey League (WHL). While playing major junior hockey, he was named to the 2004 Memorial Cup All-Star and 2005 WHL Eastern Conference All-Star Teams. MacArthur was also a member of Canada's gold medal-winning squad at the 2005 World Junior Championships.
Jonas Björkman
Jonas Lars Björkman (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈjûːnas ˈbjœ̌rkman]; born 23 March 1972) is a Swedish former professional tennis player. He is a former world No. 1 in doubles, and also a former world No. 4 in singles. Björkman retired from professional tennis after competing at the 2008 Tennis Masters Cup doubles championships. As of 2019, he was ranked in the top 40 on the all-time ATP prize money list with over $14.5 million. As of July 2024 he is still in the top 50 of the all-time ATP prize money list.

Björkman has had long-term successful doubles partnerships with Jan Apell, Jacco Eltingh, Nicklas Kulti, Max Mirnyi, Pat Rafter, Kevin Ullyett, and Todd Woodbridge. He has won the career Grand Slam in men's doubles, holding a total of nine major championships.

In March 2015, he joined Andy Murray's coaching team. He has also coached the Swedish men's padel team.

Jeremy Bates (tennis)
Michael Jeremy Bates (born 19 June 1962) is a British former professional tennis player. He was ranked UK number 1 in 1987 and from 1989 to 1994. He reached a career-high ATP world ranking of 54 from 17 April 1995 to 23 April 1995.

During his career Bates won two Grand Slam mixed doubles titles, at Wimbledon in 1987 and the Australian Open in 1991, partnering his fellow British player Jo Durie. He also won one top-level singles title and three men's doubles titles on the professional circuit. After retiring as a player, Bates served as the captain of Britain's Davis Cup team from 2004 to 2006.
Bucay, Abra
Bucay, officially the Municipality of Bucay (Ilocano: Ili ti Bucay; Filipino: Bayan ng Bucay), is a  municipality in the province of Abra, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 17,775 people.

Peñarrubia, Abra
Peñarrubia, officially the Municipality of Peñarrubia (Ilocano: Ili ti Peñarrubia; Tagalog: Bayan ng Peñarrubia), is a  municipality in the province of Abra, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 7,003 people.
Lorrin A. Thurston
Lorrin Andrews Thurston (July 31, 1858 – May 11, 1931) was a Hawaiian citizen lawyer, politician, and businessman. Thurston played a prominent role in the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii to replace Queen Liliʻuokalani with the Republic of Hawaii, with discreet US support for which Congress much later apologized. He published the Pacific Commercial Advertiser (a forerunner of the present-day Honolulu Star-Advertiser), and owned other enterprises. From 1906 to 1916, he and his network lobbied with national politicians to create a national park to preserve the Hawaiian volcanoes.

Asa Thurston
Asa Thurston (October 12, 1787 – March 11, 1868) was a Protestant missionary from the United States who was part of the first company of American Christian missionaries to the Hawaiian Islands with his wife Lucy Goodale Thurston.
Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus
Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus (/ˈfeɪbiəs/), surnamed Cunctator (c. 280 – 203 BC), was a Roman statesman and general of the third century BC.  He was consul five times (233, 228, 215, 214, and 209 BC) and was appointed dictator in 221 and 217 BC.  He was censor in 230 BC. His agnomen, Cunctator, usually translated as "the delayer", refers to the strategy that he employed against Hannibal's forces during the Second Punic War. Facing an outstanding commander with superior numbers, he pursued a then-novel strategy of targeting the enemy's supply lines, and accepting only smaller engagements on favourable ground, rather than risking his entire army on direct confrontation with Hannibal himself. As a result, he is regarded as the originator of many tactics used in guerrilla warfare.

Attrition warfare
Attrition warfare is a form of military strategy in which one side attempts to gradually wear down its opponent to the point of collapse by inflicting continuous losses in personnel, materiel, and morale. The term attrition is derived from the Latin word atterere, meaning "to wear down" or "to rub against", reflecting the grinding nature of the strategy.
Radyr
Radyr (Welsh: Radur; Welsh pronunciation: [ˈradɪr]) is an outer suburb of Cardiff, about 4 miles (6.4 km) northwest of Cardiff city centre. Radyr is part of Radyr and Morganstown Community, for which the 2011 Census recorded a population of 6,417.

Morganstown is north of Radyr, on the other side of the M4 Motorway. Neighbouring communities are Whitchurch to the east on the opposite bank of the River Taff, Pentyrch to the west with St Fagans and Llandaff to the south.

Tongwynlais
Tongwynlais (Welsh pronunciation: [tɔŋgˈwɪnlai̯s]) is a village and community in the north of Cardiff, Wales, north of the M4 motorway in the Taff Valley. It is notable as the location of the hillside landmark, Castell Coch. The population as of the 2011 census was 1,871.
Vicky Binns
Victoria Jane Binns is an English actress working in television and theatre, known for her long‑running roles in the ITV soap operas Emmerdale and Coronation Street. Her television work has also included lead roles in Nature Boy, Von Trapped, two series of The Mill, and guest appearances in Casualty and Moving On. In 2023, she appeared in the Netflix anthology series Black Mirror. On stage, Binns has appeared in over 20 productions, ranging from comedy to drama, and has frequently collaborated with director David Thacker.

Verity Rushworth
Verity Charlotte Rushworth (born 15 August 1985) is an English actress. She is known for portraying the role of Donna Windsor in the ITV soap opera Emmerdale from 1998 to 2009, with a guest appearance in 2014. She has played many theatre roles throughout the UK, including two leading roles in West End theatre productions. From 2020 to 2021, she appeared in the BBC medical soap opera Doctors as Lily Walker.
Batman (1966 film)
Batman (also known as Batman: The Movie) is a 1966 American superhero film directed by Leslie H. Martinson. Based on the television series, and the first full-length theatrical adaptation of the DC Comics character of the same name, the film stars Adam West as Batman and Burt Ward as Robin. The film hit theaters two months after the last episode of the first season of the television series. The film includes most members of the original TV cast, with the exception of Julie Newmar as Catwoman; in the film, Newmar was replaced by Lee Meriwether.

Cesar Romero
César Julio Romero Jr. (February 15, 1907 – January 1, 1994) was an American actor. He was active in film, radio, and television for almost 60 years. His wide range of screen roles included Latin lovers, historical figures in costume dramas, characters in light domestic comedies, and the Joker on the live-action Batman television series of the mid-1960s, who was included in TV Guide's 2013 list of the 60 nastiest villains of all time. Romero was the first actor to play the character.
Carl Long
James Carlyle Long (born September 20, 1967) is an American former professional stock car racing driver, mechanic, and team owner. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 66 Toyota Supra for MBM Motorsports. In the past, he served as a mechanic for Mansion Motorsports, Spears Motorsports, and Travis Carter Motorsports. He was a crew chief at Front Row Motorsports for Eric McClure and Competition director at Rick Ware Racing.

Andy Belmont
Charles Andrew Belmont Jr. (born November 20, 1957) is an American former stock car driver and team owner. Belmont began racing at an early age before moving south. In 1987, he was named the NASCAR Dash Series Rookie of the Year, then he won the championship the next year as a car owner. Belmont posted three wins in the DASH Series (currently known as ISCARS DASH Touring since 2005) at Hickory Motor Speedway on October 18, 1987, Myrtle Beach Speedway on May 20, 1988, and Southside Speedway on July 8, 1988.
Jim Oberstar
James Louis Oberstar (September 10, 1934 – May 3, 2014) was an American politician and Congressman who served in the United States House of Representatives from 1975 to 2011. Hailing from Minnesota and a member of the state's local Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party, he represented the northeastern eighth congressional district, which included the cities of Duluth, Brainerd, Grand Rapids, International Falls, and Hibbing, within an area of Minnesota known as the Iron Range. He chaired the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee from 2007 until his departure, having been the ranking minority member since 1995. In November 2010, he was defeated by a margin of 4,407 votes by Republican Chip Cravaack. He had the longest tenure of any Congressman from Minnesota.

John Paul Hammerschmidt
John Paul Hammerschmidt (May 4, 1922 – April 1, 2015) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Arkansas. A member of the Republican Party, Hammerschmidt served 13 terms in the United States House of Representatives for Arkansas's 3rd congressional district, located in the northwestern quadrant of the state. He served from 1967 until his retirement in 1993.

In 1974, a nationally Democratic year, he secured his fifth term by defeating the then 28-year-old Bill Clinton. He was also the first Republican elected to the House of Representatives from Arkansas since Reconstruction. Coincidentally, Hammerschmidt left the House the same month in which Clinton became president.
Alpine Pass Route
The Alpine Pass Route is a long-distance hiking trail through the Alps in Switzerland, part of the Via Alpina route.  It starts in Sargans in eastern Switzerland, and crosses the heart of country westwards to finish in Montreux on the shore of Lake Geneva.  The total route covers over 325 kilometres (202 mi) and crosses 16 mountain passes, and takes 15 or more walking days to complete.

Elm, Switzerland
Elm (Romansh: Dialmaⓘ) is a village, and former municipality, in the municipality of Glarus Süd and canton of Glarus in Switzerland. Elm lies in the valley of the Sernf river, and consists of the village of Elm itself, and the hamlets of Sulzbach, Schwändi, Müsli, Untertal, Vogelsang, Töniberg, Obmoos, Steinibach and Wald.
Tandag
Tandag, officially the City of Tandag (Tandaganon/Surigaonon: Siyudad nan Tandag; Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Tandag; Filipino: Lungsod ng Tandag), is a  component city and capital of the province of Surigao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 62,669 people.

Farming and fishing are the main economic activity for most of the people in Tandag. The chief farm products are rice, corn, and coconut. Livestock- and poultry-raising are also important sources of income. Tandag has a national secondary airport and a seaport.

Tandag has a land area of 291.73 square kilometers or 112.64 square miles. This constitutes 5.91% of the land area of Surigao del Sur. The population density of the city is at 193 inhabitants per square kilometer or 500 inhabitants per square mile.

Catbalogan
Catbalogan, officially the City of Catbalogan (Waray: Siyudad han Catbalogan; Filipino: Lungsod ng Catbalogan), is a  component city and capital city of the province of Samar, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 107,896 people.

It is Samar's main commercial, trading, educational, financial and political center. The city is the gateway to the region's three Samar provinces.

Catbalogan's patron saint is St. Bartholomew the Apostle whose feast day is August 24.

The Philippine Army's 8th Infantry Division (Stormtroopers) is based at Camp General Vicente Lukban, Barangay Maulong, Catbalogan City. The camp is named in honor of Gen. Vicente Lukbán, a Filipino officer in Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo's staff during the Philippine Revolution and the politico-military chief of Samar and Leyte during the Philippine–American War.
Tschudi's slender opossum
Tschudi's slender opossum (Marmosops caucae) is an opossum species from South America, named after Swiss naturalist Johann Jakob von Tschudi. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru and Venezuela.

Wood sprite gracile opossum
The wood sprite gracile opossum (Gracilinanus dryas) is a mammal. It is a species of opossum in the family Didelphidae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Foot–pound–second system of units
The foot–pound–second system (FPS system) is a system of units built on three fundamental units: the foot for length, the (avoirdupois) pound for either mass or force (see below), and the second for time.

English Engineering Units
Some fields of engineering in the United States use a system of measurement of physical quantities known as the English Engineering Units. Despite its name, the system is based on United States customary units of measure.
Rick Martel
Richard Vigneault (born March 18, 1956) is a Canadian retired professional wrestler, trainer, and television presenter, better known by his ring name, "The Model" Rick Martel. He is best known for his appearances with the American Wrestling Association, the World Wrestling Federation and World Championship Wrestling. Championships held by Martel over the course of his career include the AWA World Heavyweight Championship, WCW World Television Championship, and WWF World Tag Team Championship.

Boris Zhukov
Boris Zhukov (born James Kirk Harrell; January 29, 1959) is an American retired professional wrestler. He is best known for his appearances with the American Wrestling Association (AWA) and the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) under the ring name Boris Zhukov, as well as his appearances with Jim Crockett Promotions as Private Jim Nelson.
Davide Rebellin
Davide Rebellin (9 August 1971 – 30 November 2022) was an Italian professional road bicycle racer, who rode professionally between 1992 and 2022 for twelve different teams, taking more than sixty professional wins. He was considered one of the finest classics specialists of his generation with more than fifty top ten finishes in UCI Road World Cup and UCI ProTour classics.

Rebellin was best known in the cycling world for his 2004 season, when he won a then unprecedented treble with wins in Amstel Gold Race, La Flèche Wallonne and Liège–Bastogne–Liège. He also won stage races such as Paris–Nice and Tirreno–Adriatico, and a stage in the Giro d'Italia. Rebellin served a two-year suspension for testing positive for Mircera at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

Stefan Schumacher
Stefan Schumacher (born 21 July 1981) is a German former professional road racing cyclist. Schumacher won the bronze medal in the road race at the 2007 UCI Road World Championships, two stages in the 2006 Giro d'Italia and two stages in the 2008 Tour de France. After positive results on doping products in the 2008 Tour de France and the 2008 Summer Olympics, he received a suspension for two years, later reduced by some months. After his suspension, he came back as a professional cyclist before retiring in 2017.
Žabalj
Žabalj (Serbian Cyrillic: Жабаљ, pronounced [ʒǎːbaʎ]; Hungarian: Zsablya) is a town and municipality located in the South Bačka District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. According to 2022 census, the town Žabalj has a population of 8,449 and the municipality Žabalj has a population of 23,853. It is located in southeastern part of Bačka, known as Šajkaška. All settlements in the municipality have an ethnic Serb majority.

Stara Pazova
Stara Pazova (Serbian Cyrillic: Стара Пазова, pronounced [stâːraː pâzɔv̞a]; Slovak: Stará Pazova; Hungarian: Ópazova) is a small town located in the Srem District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The town has a population of 18,522, while Stara Pazova municipality has 62,318 inhabitants (2022 census). The entrance into town from Inđija lies on 45th parallel north, it is half-way between the North Pole and the equator.
Far Eastern myotis
The Far Eastern myotis or bombinus bat (Myotis bombinus) is a species of mouse-eared bat found in East Asia.  It is widespread but uncommon across the Korean Peninsula, and spends the winter hibernating in caves.

Daubenton's bat
Daubenton's bat or Daubenton's myotis (Myotis daubentonii) is a Eurasian bat with rather short ears. It occurs across Eurasia, from Ireland in the west to Hokkaido in the east, and is believed to be increasing its numbers in many areas of its range.

This bat was first described in 1817 by Heinrich Kuhl, who named it in honour of French naturalist Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton.
The Goldbergs (broadcast series)
The Goldbergs is a comedy-drama broadcast from 1929 to 1946 on American radio and from 1949 to 1956 on American television. It was adapted into the 1948 play Me and Molly, the 1950 film The Goldbergs, and the 1973 Broadway musical Molly. It also spun off a comic strip from June 8, 1944, to December 21, 1945, with art by Irwin Hasen, a comic book artist who worked on various DC Comics titles and later did the Dondi comic strip.

Studio One (American TV series)
Studio One is an American anthology drama television series that was adapted from a radio series. It was created in 1947 by Canadian director Fletcher Markle, who came to CBS from the CBC. It premiered on November 7, 1948, and ended on September 29, 1958, with a total of 467 episodes over the course of 10 seasons.
Agnes Nixon
Agnes Nixon (née Eckhardt; December 10, 1922 – September 28, 2016) was an American television writer and producer, and the creator of the ABC soap operas One Life to Live, All My Children, as well as Loving and its spin-off The City.

Nixon's work as producer and writer expanded storylines for American daytime television – the first health-related storyline, the first storyline related to the Vietnam War, as well as both the first televised lesbian kiss and abortion. She won five Writers' Guild of America Awards, five Daytime Emmy Awards, and in 2010, received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. Nixon was often referred to as the "Queen of The Modern American Soap Opera".

Daytime Emmy Awards
The Daytime Emmy Awards, or Daytime Emmys, are part of the extensive range of Emmy Awards for artistic and technical merit for the American television industry. Bestowed by the New York-based National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (NATAS), the Daytime Emmys are presented in recognition of excellence in American daytime television programming. The first ceremony was held in 1974, expanding what was originally a prime time-themed Emmy Award. Ceremonies generally are held in May or June, but starting in 2025, the ceremony will be held in October.
Side, Turkey
Side (formerly Selimiye) is a city on the southern Mediterranean coast of Turkey. It includes the modern resort town and the ruins of the ancient city of Side, one of the best-known classical sites in the country. Modern Side is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Manavgat, Antalya Province, Turkey. Its population is 14,527 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). It lies near Manavgat, 78 km from Antalya.

It is located on the eastern part of the Pamphylian coast, which lies about 20 km east of the mouth of the Eurymedon River. Today, as in antiquity, the ancient city is situated on a small north-south peninsula about 1 km long and 400 m across.

Phaselis
Phaselis (Ancient Greek: Φασηλίς) or Faselis (Turkish: Faselis) was a Greek and Roman city on the coast of ancient Lycia. Its ruins are located north of the modern town Tekirova in the Kemer district of Antalya Province in Turkey. It lies between the Bey Mountains and the forests of Olympos National Park, 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) south of the tourist town of Kemer and on the 57th kilometre of the Antalya–Kumluca highway. Phaselis and other ancient towns around the shore can also be accessed from the sea by daily yacht tours.
2018 Latvian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Latvia on 6 October 2018. Following the elections, a coalition government was formed by Who owns the state?, the New Conservative Party, Development/For!, the National Alliance and New Unity. Despite leading the smallest elected party and being the biggest loser in terms of both vote share and seats, Arturs Krišjānis Kariņš of New Unity was chosen as prime minister.

2014 Latvian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Latvia on 4 October 2014. The previous elections were held in 2011, but according to the country's constitution, the parliamentary term was reduced to only three years following early elections (the 2011 elections took place a year after the 2010 elections).
Manish Pandey
Manish Krishnanand Pandey (Hindi: [mʌˈniːʃ ˈpaːɳɖeː]; born 10 September 1989) is an Indian cricketer. He is a right-handed top-order batsman representing, Karnataka in domestic cricket and Kolkata Knight Riders in the Indian Premier League (IPL). He became the first Indian player to score a century in the IPL in the 2009 season, playing for his former team Royal Challengers Bengaluru. He was a part of the Indian squad which won the 2018 Asia Cup and won the 2014 and 2024 IPL titles with KKR.

T. Natarajan
Thangarasu Natarajan (born 4 April 1991) is an Indian international cricketer. He made his debut for the India cricket team in December 2020. Currently he plays for Delhi Capitals in the Indian Premier League (IPL) and for Tamil Nadu in domestic cricket. He became the first Indian cricketer to make his international debut across all three formats on the same tour when he was playing in India's 2020–21 tour of Australia.
Vyacheslav Kozlov
Vyacheslav Anatolevich "Slava" Kozlov (Russian: Вячеслав Анатольевич Козлов; born May 3, 1972) is a Russian former professional ice hockey left winger and current head coach of Dynamo Moscow.

Kozlov was a member of the Stanley Cup winning Detroit Red Wings teams of 1997 and 1998, and was also a member of the famed Russian Five. He also later played for the Buffalo Sabres and Atlanta Thrashers.

Ray Sheppard
Raymond Garfield Sheppard (born May 27, 1966) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey right winger who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1987 to 2000. Sheppard was born in Pembroke, Ontario, but grew up in Petawawa, Ontario.