hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kimchaek
Kimch'aek (Korean pronunciation: [kim.tsʰɛk̚]), formerly Sŏngjin (Chosŏn'gŭl: 성진, Hancha: 城津), is a city in North Hamgyong Province, North Korea. It was an open port in 1899. It has a population of 207,699.

Tanchon
Tanch'ŏn (Korean pronunciation: [tan.tsʰʌn]) is a port city in northeastern South Hamgyŏng province, North Korea.  It has a population of approximately 360,000. Tanch'ŏn borders the Sea of Japan (East Sea of Korea), into which the Namdae River flows.
Gian Galeazzo Visconti
Gian Galeazzo Visconti (16 October 1351 – 3 September 1402), was the first duke of Milan (1395) and ruled that late-medieval city just before the dawn of the Renaissance. He also ruled Lombardy jointly with his uncle Bernabò. He was the founding patron of the Certosa di Pavia, completing the Visconti Castle at Pavia begun by his father and furthering work on the Duomo of Milan. He conquered a large area in the Po valley of northern Italy. He threatened war with France in relation to the transfer of Genoa to French control as well as issues with his beloved daughter Valentina. When he died of fever in the Castello of Melegnano, his children fought with each other and fragmented the territories that he had ruled.

Signoria
A signoria (Italian: [siɲɲoˈriːa])  was the governing authority in many of the Italian city-states during the Medieval and Renaissance periods.
The word signoria comes from signore (Italian: [siɲˈɲoːre]), or "lord", an abstract noun meaning (roughly) "government", "governing authority", de facto "sovereignty", "lordship"; pl.: signorie.
Woman's Hour
Woman's Hour is a radio magazine programme broadcast on BBC Radio 4. It has been on the air since 1946, and has been broadcast on BBC Radio 4 since 1973. The programme features interviews and discussions with guests about issues relevant to a female audience. It is broadcast at 10:00am on weekdays and is presented by Nuala McGovern or Anita Rani. There is also a weekend version of the programme which features highlights from the week's programmes.

The Food Programme
The Food Programme is a BBC Radio 4 programme investigating and celebrating good food, founded by Derek Cooper and currently presented by Sheila Dillon, Dan Saladino, Leyla Kazim and Jaega Wise. The series is produced by BBC Audio in Bristol.

It is a programme about food production, consumption and quality rather than a cookery programme with recipes. It looks at the food industry (usually that of Britain) at the macroscopic level. Farming Today covers the upstream section of the British food industry and The Food Programme covers the downstream section.
Puerto San José
Puerto San José, also known as Port of San José, is a town on Guatemala's Pacific Ocean coast,  in the department of Escuintla. It has a population of 23,887 (2018 census), making it the largest town on the nation's Pacific coast.

For centuries it served as the Pacific port for Guatemala, but was superseded in the 20th century by Puerto Quetzal, four kilometres to the east. The Puerto Quetzal complex is the major employer in the district.

The local tourist industry caters largely to weekenders from Guatemala City. San José Airport has been refurbished lately and is now the official alternate airport for Guatemala City.

SS Springfjord
SS Springfjord was a cargo steamship that was launched in Norway for a British shipping company in 1939, taken over by Nazi Germany in 1940, re-taken by the United Kingdom in 1945 and destroyed by the CIA in Guatemala in 1954.

In her five years in German service the ship was called Rüdesheimer. For a couple of years after the Second World War she was owned by the UK Government and called Empire Springfjord.
Sulfonylurea
Sulfonylureas or sulphonylureas are a class of organic compounds used in medicine and agriculture. The functional group consists of a sulfonyl group (-S(=O)2) with its sulphur atom bonded to a nitrogen atom of a ureylene group (N,N-dehydrourea, a dehydrogenated derivative of urea). The side chains R1 and R2 distinguish various sulfonylureas.  Sulfonylureas are the most widely used herbicide.

GLP-1 receptor agonist
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, also known as GLP-1 agonists, GLP-1RAs, GLP-1 analogs, or incretin mimetics, are a class of medications that activate the GLP-1 receptor, causing reduced blood sugar, reduced appetite, and reduced energy intake. Originally developed to treat type 2 diabetes, some GLP-1 agonists have been approved to treat obesity. They mimic the actions of the endogenous incretin hormone GLP-1, which is released in the small intestine and can inhibit glucagon release and increase insulin secretion.

GLP-1 receptor agonists are used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity, and are under study for treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, and diseases of the reward system, such as addictions.
Chatham University
Chatham University is a private university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. Originally founded as a women's college, it began enrolling men in undergraduate programs in 2015. It enrolls about 2,110 students, including 1,002 undergraduate students and 1,108 graduate students.

The university grants certificates and degrees including bachelor, master, first-professional, and doctorate degrees in the School of Arts, Science & Business, the School of Health Sciences, and the Falk School of Sustainability & Environment.

Community College of Allegheny County
Community College of Allegheny County (CCAC) is a public community college in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. It has four campuses and four centers and offers associate degrees, certificates, and diplomas.
Great Famine of 1315–1317
The Great Famine of 1315–1317 (occasionally dated 1315–1322) was the first of a series of large-scale crises that struck parts of Europe early in the 14th century. Most of Europe (extending east to Poland and south to the Alps) was affected. The famine caused widespread population loss over an extended number of years, marking a clear end to the period of growth and prosperity from the 11th to the 13th centuries.

The Great Famine started with bad weather in spring 1315. Crop failures lasted through 1316 until the summer harvest in 1317, and Europe did not fully recover until 1322. Crop failures were not the only problem; cattle disease caused sheep and cattle numbers to fall as much as 80 per cent. The period was marked by extreme levels of crime, disease, mass death, and even cannibalism and infanticide. The crisis had consequences for the Church, state, European society, and for future calamities to follow in the 14th century.

Medieval Warm Period
The Medieval Warm Period (MWP), also known as the Medieval Climate Optimum or the Medieval Climatic Anomaly, was a time of warm climate in the North Atlantic region that lasted from about 950 CE to about 1250 CE. Climate proxy records show peak warmth occurred at different times for different regions, which indicate that the MWP was not a globally uniform event. Some refer to the MWP as the Medieval Climatic Anomaly to emphasize that climatic effects other than temperature were also important.

The MWP was followed by a regionally cooler period in the North Atlantic and elsewhere, which is sometimes called the Little Ice Age (LIA).

Possible causes of the MWP include increased solar activity, decreased volcanic activity, and changes in ocean circulation. Modelling evidence has shown that natural variability is insufficient on its own to explain the MWP and that an external forcing had to be one of the causes.
Hardboiled
Hardboiled (or hard-boiled) fiction is a literary genre that shares some of its characters and settings with crime fiction (especially detective fiction and noir fiction). The genre's typical protagonist is a detective who battles the violence of organized crime that flourished during Prohibition in the United States (1920–1933) and its aftermath, while dealing with a legal system that has become as corrupt as the organized crime itself. Rendered cynical by this cycle of violence, the detectives of hardboiled fiction are often antiheroes. Notable hardboiled detectives include Dick Tracy, Philip Marlowe, Nick Charles, Mike Hammer, Sam Spade, Lew Archer, Slam Bradley, and The Continental Op.

Chester Himes
Chester Bomar Himes (July 29, 1909 – November 12, 1984) was an American writer. His works, some of which have been filmed, include If He Hollers Let Him Go, published in 1945, and the Harlem Detective series of novels for which he is best known, set in the 1950s and early 1960s and featuring two black policemen called Grave Digger Jones and Coffin Ed Johnson. In 1958, Himes won France's Grand Prix de Littérature Policière.
Independent Labour Party
The Independent Labour Party (ILP) was a British political party of the left, established in 1893 at a conference in Bradford, after local and national dissatisfaction with the Liberals' apparent reluctance to endorse working-class candidates. A sitting independent MP and prominent union organiser, Keir Hardie, became its first chairman.

The party played a key role in the formation of the Labour Representation Committee, to which ILP members Hardie and Ramsay MacDonald were delegates at its foundation in 1900. The committee was renamed the Labour Party in 1906, and the ILP remained affiliated until 1932. In 1947, the organisation's three parliamentary representatives defected to the Labour Party, and the organisation joined Labour as Independent Labour Publications in 1975.

New Party (UK)
The New Party was a political party briefly active in the United Kingdom in the early 1930s.  It was formed by Sir Oswald Mosley, an MP who had belonged to both the Conservative and Labour parties, quitting Labour after its 1930 conference narrowly rejected his "Mosley Memorandum", a document he had written outlining how he would deal with the problem of unemployment.
Royal Naval Air Service
The Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) was the air arm of the Royal Navy, under the direction of the Admiralty's Air Department, and existed formally from 1 July 1914 to 1 April 1918, when it was merged with the British Army's Royal Flying Corps to form the Royal Air Force (RAF), the world's first independent air force.

It was replaced by the Fleet Air Arm, initially consisting of those RAF units that normally operated from ships, but emerging as a separate unit similar to the original RNAS by the time of the Second World War.

Royal Air Force Officer Training Academy
The Royal Air Force Officer Training Academy (RAFOTA) formerly known as the Royal Air Force College (RAFC) is the Royal Air Force academy which provides initial training to all RAF personnel who are preparing to become commissioned officers. The College also provides initial training to aircrew cadets and is responsible for all RAF recruiting along with officer and aircrew selection. Originally established as a naval aviation training centre during World War I, the College was established as the world's first air academy in 1919. During World War II, the College was closed and its facilities were used as a flying training school. Reopening after the War, the College absorbed the Royal Air Force Technical College in 1966.

The Royal Air Force College is based at RAF Cranwell near Sleaford in Lincolnshire, and is sometimes titled as the Royal Air Force College Cranwell.
Lyric Opera of Chicago
The Lyric Opera of Chicago is an American opera company based in Chicago, Illinois.  The company was founded in Chicago in 1954, under the name 'Lyric Theatre of Chicago' by Carol Fox, Nicola Rescigno and Lawrence Kelly, with a season that included Maria Callas's American debut in Norma.  Fox re-organized the company in 1956 under its present name.  Lyric is housed in a theater and related spaces in the Civic Opera Building.  These spaces are now owned by Lyric.

Anthony Davis (composer)
Anthony Davis (born February 20, 1951) is an American pianist and composer. He incorporates several styles including jazz, rhythm 'n' blues, gospel, non-Western, African, European classical, Indonesian gamelan, and experimental music. He has played with several groups and is also a professor of music at the University of California, San Diego.

Davis is perhaps best known for his operas; he has been called "the dean of African-American opera composers." His better known compositions include X, The Life and Times of Malcolm X, which was premiered by the New York City Opera in 1986; Amistad, which premiered with the Lyric Opera of Chicago in 1997; and Wakonda's Dream, which premiered at Opera Omaha in 2007. His opera The Central Park Five premiered on June 15, 2019, at the Long Beach Opera Company in California. It won him a Pulitzer Prize for Music on May 4, 2020.
Terry Farrell (actress)
Theresa Farrell (born November 19, 1963) is an American actress and fashion model. She is best known for her roles as Jadzia Dax in the television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine and as Regina "Reggie" Kostas in the comedy series Becker.

List of Star Trek aliens
Star Trek is a science fiction media franchise that began with Gene Roddenberry's launch of the original Star Trek television series in 1966. Its success led to numerous films, novels, comics, and spinoff series. A major motif of the franchise involves encounters with various alien races throughout the galaxy. These fictional alien races are listed here.

Notable Star Trek races include Vulcans, Klingons, and the Borg. Some aspects of these fictional races became well known in American pop culture, such as the Vulcan salute and the Borg phrase, "Resistance is futile."

Star Trek aliens have been featured in  Time magazine, which described how they are essential to the franchise's narrative.
Keretapi Tanah Melayu
Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB) (lit. 'Malayan Railway Limited'; Jawi: كريتاڤي تانه ملايو برحد‎) or colloquially referred to simply as KTM, is the main railway operator in Peninsular Malaysia. The railway system dates back to the British colonial era, when it was first built to transport tin. Previously known as the Federated Malay States Railways (FMSR), the Malayan Railway Administration (MRA), and the Malayan Railway, KTM acquired its current name in 1962. The organisation was corporatised in 1992, but remains wholly owned by the Malaysian government.

Port Klang
Port Klang (Malay: Pelabuhan Klang) is the principal port of Malaysia on the Strait of Malacca. Known during colonial times as Port Swettenham (Malay: Pelabuhan Swettenham), it was renamed Port Klang in July 1972 and has since become the largest port in the country. It is located about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) southwest of the town of Klang, and 38 kilometres (24 mi) southwest of Kuala Lumpur.

Port Klang was also known as the "National Load Centre".

Located in the District of Klang, it was the 14th busiest container port (2022) in the world. It was also the 12th busiest port in by volume (million TEU) in 2018 and as of July 2020 was the top location for aluminium stockholding for LME, the top metal exchange in the world.
Seymour Papert
Seymour Aubrey Papert (/ˈpæpərt/; 29 February 1928 – 31 July 2016) was a South African-born American mathematician, computer scientist, and educator, who spent most of his career teaching and researching at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was one of the pioneers of artificial intelligence, and of the constructionist movement in education. He was co-inventor, with Wally Feurzeig and Cynthia Solomon, of the Logo programming language.

Constructivism (philosophy of education)
Constructivism is a theory that suggests that learners do not passively acquire knowledge through direct instruction. Instead, they construct their understanding through experiences and social interaction, integrating new information with their existing knowledge. This theory originates from Swiss developmental psychologist Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
Royal Marines
His Majesty’s Royal Marines provide the United Kingdom's amphibious special operations capable commando force, one of the five fighting arms of the Royal Navy, a company strength sub-unit to the Special Forces Support Group (SFSG), landing craft crews, and the Naval Service's military bands. The Royal Marines trace their origins back to the formation of the "Duke of York and Albany's maritime regiment of Foot" on 28 October 1664, and the first Royal Marines Commando unit was formed at Deal in Kent on 14 February 1942 and designated "The Royal Marine Commando".

The Royal Marines have seen action across many conflicts but do not have battle honours as such, but rather the "Great Globe itself" was chosen in 1827 by King George IV in their place to recognise the Marines' service and successes in multiple engagements in every quarter of the world. 
Today it consists of the United Kingdom Commando Force, the Royal Marines Band Service, the Commando Training Centre and four Reserve Units.

Rex Hunt (diplomat)
Sir Rex Masterman Hunt, CMG (29 June 1926 – 11 November 2012) was a British Government diplomat and colonial administrator. He was Governor, Commander-in-Chief, and Vice Admiral of the Falkland Islands (and concurrently High Commissioner of the British Antarctic Territory) between 1980 and September 1985. During the 1982 invasion of the Falkland Islands, he was taken prisoner and temporarily removed from the Falklands, before returning after the successful re-capturing of the islands to serve the rest of his term.
Karlie Redd
Karlie "Keisha" Redd (née Lewis; born April 15)  is an American television personality, rapper, model and actress. She rose to prominence for appearing as a main cast member of VH1's reality show Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta since its premiere in June 2012.

Joseline Hernandez
Joseline Hernandez (born November 3, 1986) is a Puerto Rican reality television personality, rapper, and actress. She is best known for starring in the first six seasons of the VH1 reality television series Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta and the spin-off Stevie J & Joseline: Go Hollywood with Stevie J. She also stars in and co-produces a show on Zeus Network reality series Joseline's Cabaret which premiered in 2020.
Johnson County, Iowa
Johnson County is located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 152,854, and was estimated to be 160,080 in 2024, making it the fourth-most populous county in Iowa. The county seat and the largest city is Iowa City, home of the University of Iowa. Johnson County is included in the Iowa City metropolitan area, which is also included in the Cedar Rapids-Iowa City Corridor Combined Statistical Area.

Iowa River
The Iowa River is a tributary of the Mississippi River in the state of Iowa in the United States.  It is about 323 miles (520 km) long and is open to small river craft to Iowa City, about 65 miles (105 km) from its mouth. Its major tributary is the Cedar River.
Grand Prairie, Texas
Grand Prairie is a city in the U.S. state of Texas, located in Dallas, Tarrant,  and  Ellis  counties with a small part extending into Johnson county. It is part of the Mid-Cities region in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. It had a population of 175,396 according to the 2010 census, making it the fifteenth most populous city in the state. Remaining the 15th-most populous city in Texas, the 2020 census reported a population of 196,100.

Trinity River (Texas)
The Trinity River is a 710-mile (1,140 km) river. It rises in extreme northern Texas, a few miles south of the Red River. The headwaters are separated by the high bluffs on the southern side of the Red River.

The Trinity River was previously identified as the stream that the Caddo called Arkikosa in Central Texas and Daycoa nearer the coast. However, in 2022, language preservationists from the Caddo Nation determined their ancestral language lacked the letter “R” sound. Arkikosa was likely a corruption or misspelling of the word Akokisa. In the vernacular of another tribe, the Atakapa who settled in the Gulf Coast woodlands, Akokisa means “river people.” French explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle, in 1687, named the river, Riviere des canoës ("River of Canoes"). In 1690 Spanish explorer Alonso de León named it, "La Santísima Trinidad" ("the Most Holy Trinity").
Charles River
The Charles River (Massachusett: Quinobequin), sometimes called the River Charles or simply the Charles, is an 80-mile-long (129 km) river in eastern Massachusetts. It flows northeast from Hopkinton to Boston along a meandering route which doubles back on itself several times and travels through 23 cities and towns before reaching the Atlantic Ocean.

North End, Boston
The North End is a neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It is the city's oldest residential community, having been inhabited since it was colonized in the 1630s. It covers 0.36 square miles (0.93 km2), but the neighborhood has nearly one hundred establishments and a variety of tourist attractions. It is known for its Italian American population and Italian restaurants.
2001 Gambian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in the Gambia on 18 October 2001. The result was a victory for the incumbent Yahya Jammeh, who received just over 50% of the vote.

The elections were marred by irregularities and repression of the opposition; Pre-election violence resulted in the death of an unarmed opposition supporter who was shot by a police officer, and several injuries. The government also expelled a British diplomat who had attended an opposition rally.

1996 Gambian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in the Gambia on 29 September 1996. The first since the 1994 military coup led by Yahya Jammeh, they were also the first elections to be held under the new constitution, and the first presidential elections held separately from parliamentary elections. Voter turnout was exceptionally high, with 88% of the 446,541 registered voters voting.

Despite originally stating that he did not intend to run, Jammeh entered the race shortly before the elections. He emerged victorious with 55.8% of the vote, winning the most votes in every district except Mansa Konko (where UDP candidate Ousainou Darboe was the most voted-for).

The elections were criticised as unfair due to government crackdowns on journalists and opposition leaders at the time, as well as fraud and other irregularities. Political parties that existed prior to the 1994 coup were not allowed to compete.
National Film Board of Canada
The National Film Board of Canada (NFB; French: Office national du film du Canada, ONF) is a Canadian public film and digital media producer and distributor. An agency of the Government of Canada, the NFB produces and distributes documentary films, animation, web documentaries, and alternative dramas. In total, the NFB has produced over 43,000 productions since its inception, which have won over 5,000 awards. The NFB reports to the Parliament of Canada through the Minister of Canadian Heritage. It has bilingual production programs and branches in English and French, including multicultural-related documentaries.

John Howe (filmmaker)
John Howe (August 30, 1926 – August 18, 2008) was a Canadian director, producer, and composer with the National Film Board of Canada. He is best known for his films Do Not Fold, Staple, Spindle or Mutilate and Why Rock the Boat?, and for his handling of the NFB’s 1969 Austerity Crisis.