hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Social medicine
Social medicine is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on the interplay between socio-economic factors and individual health outcomes. Rooted in the challenges of the Industrial Revolution, it seeks to:

Understand how specific social, economic, and environmental conditions directly impact health, disease, and the delivery of medical care.

Promote conditions and interventions that address these determinants, aiming for a healthier and more equitable society.

Social medicine as a scientific field gradually began in the early 19th century in Europe, during the Industrial Revolution and the subsequent increase in poverty and disease among workers raised concerns about the effect of social processes on the health of the poor. The field of social medicine is most commonly addressed today by efforts to understand what are known as social determinants of health.

Health policy
Health policy can be defined as the "decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific healthcare goals within a society". According to the World Health Organization, an explicit health policy can achieve several things: it defines a vision for the future; it outlines priorities and the expected roles of different groups; and it builds consensus and informs people.
Harvest (wine)
The harvesting of wine grapes (vintage) is one of the most crucial steps in the process of wine-making. The time of harvest is determined primarily by the ripeness of the grape as measured by sugar, acid and tannin levels with winemakers basing their decision to pick based on the style of wine they wish to produce. The weather can also shape the timetable of harvesting with the threat of heat, rain, hail, and frost which can damage the grapes and bring about various vine diseases. In addition to determining the time of the harvest, winemakers and vineyard owners must also determine whether to use hand pickers or mechanical harvesters. The harvest season typically falls between August & October in the Northern Hemisphere and February & April in the Southern Hemisphere. With various climate conditions, grape varieties, and wine styles the harvesting of grapes could happen in every month of the calendar year somewhere in the world. In the New World it is often referred to as the crush.

Verdeca
Verdeca is a white Italian wine grape variety that is primarily grown in Apulia in southern Italy where ampelographers believe that the grape may have originated. In Apulia, it is one of the main grapes in the  Denominazione di origine controllata wines of Locorotondo DOC and Martina Franca DOC along with Bianco d'Alessano. In Campania, it is grown on the slopes of Mount Vesuvius where it is used as a blending variety with Falanghina, Coda di volpe and Greco in both the white wines and the sweet dessert wine of the region, Lacryma Christi. It is also a minor component used in the some vermouth production.
Skyzoo
Gregory Skyler Taylor (born December 24, 1982), known professionally as Skyzoo, is an American  rapper, director,  and songwriter. He has released a number of notable solo and collaborative albums, including Cloud 9: The 3 Day High with 9th Wonder in 2006, The Salvation in 2009, A Dream Deferred in 2012, Music for My Friends in 2015, The Easy Truth with Apollo Brown in 2016, Retropolitan with Pete Rock in 2019, and his most recent solo album Keep Me Company. Skyzoo has also released a plethora of mixtapes including Corner Store Classic and The Great Debater throughout his career, and has worked with artists such as Jill Scott, Wale, Lloyd Banks, Dr. Dre, Black Thought, Jadakiss, Talib Kweli, Spike Lee, John Legend, among others. Skyzoo has headlined or co-headlined often-yearly tours throughout America, Europe, Africa, Australia, and Asia, and he owns and operates the independent record label First Generation Rich.

Rapsody
Marlanna Evans (born January 21, 1983), better known by her stage name Rapsody, is an American rapper.  After signing with music producer 9th Wonder's music label It's a Wonderful World Music Group, she released a series of mixtapes and collaborated with Erykah Badu and Talib Kweli. Soon afterwards Rapsody released her debut album The Idea of Beautiful (2012). She would attain further prominence when she was featured on Kendrick Lamar's 2015 album To Pimp a Butterfly, on the track "Complexion (A Zulu Love)".

Her second album, Laila's Wisdom (2017), received critical acclaim and was nominated at the Grammy Awards for Best Rap Album and Best Rap Song. Rapsody released her third studio album, Eve on August 23, 2019, to critical acclaim from music critics. In 2020, she was featured alongside Cordae, Chika, and Busta Rhymes, on the Stevie Wonder song "Can't Put It in the Hands of Fate". Rapsody released her fourth album, Please Don't Cry, on May 17, 2024.
State Duma
The State Duma is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia, with the upper house being the Federation Council. It was established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993.

The Duma headquarters are located in central Moscow, a few steps from Manege Square. Its members are referred to as deputies. The State Duma replaced the Supreme Soviet as a result of the new constitution introduced by Boris Yeltsin in the aftermath of the Russian constitutional crisis of 1993, and approved in a nationwide referendum.

In the 2007 and 2011 Russian legislative elections, a full party-list proportional representation with 7% electoral threshold system was used, but this was subsequently repealed. The legislature's term length was initially 2 years in the 1993–1995 elections period, and 4 years in 1999–2007 elections period; since the 2011 elections the term length is 5 years.

People's Freedom Party (Russia)
The People's Freedom Party (Russian: Партия народной свободы, romanized: Partija narodnoj svobody), often known by its short form PARNAS (Russian: ПАРНАС), and formerly the Republican Party of Russia – People's Freedom Party, and initially Republican Party of Russia, was a liberal-democratic political party in Russia. It was one of the first opposition parties founded in the final years of the Soviet Union.

In 2007, it was denied re-registration and declared to be dissolved by the Russian Supreme Court. It was only after the European Court of Human Rights ruled that the denial of registration was unlawful that it could restore its official registration in 5 May 2012.

The party was dissolved by Russia's Supreme Court on 25 May 2023 because it did not have the required number of branches and due to claims filed against existing branches by the Federal Taxation Service and the Ministry of Justice.
Revised Romanization of Korean
Revised Romanization of Korean (RR; Korean: 국어의 로마자 표기법) is the official Korean language romanization system in South Korea. It was developed by the National Academy of the Korean Language from 1995 and was released to the public on 7 July 2000 by South Korea's Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism in Proclamation No. 2000-8.

The main purpose of RR is to romanize proper nouns such as place names, personal names, and company names.

CJ ENM Entertainment Division
CJ ENM Entertainment Division (Korean: 씨제이이엔엠 엔터테인먼트 부문), formerly known as CJ E&M, is a South Korean entertainment and mass media division (formerly company) of CJ ENM. In July 2018, the company merged with the parent company's subsidiary CJ O Shopping, with the latter being the surviving entity.
Oswego County, New York
Oswego County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 117,525. The county seat is Oswego. The county name is from a Mohawk-language word meaning 'the pouring out place', referring to the point at which the Oswego River feeds into Lake Ontario at the northern edge of the county in the city of Oswego. The county is part of the Central New York region of the state.

Oswego County is part of the Syracuse metropolitan area.

Schoharie County, New York
Schoharie County (/skoʊˈhɛəriː/ skoh-HAIR-ee) is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 29,714, making it the state's fifth-least populous county. The county seat is Schoharie. "Schoharie" comes from a Mohawk word meaning "floating driftwood." Schoharie County is part of the Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area and thus the Capital District of New York. The county is part of the Mohawk Valley region of the state.
2017 CAF Confederation Cup
The 2017 CAF Confederation Cup (officially the 2017 Total CAF Confederation Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 14th edition of the CAF Confederation Cup, Africa's secondary club football competition organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF).

Starting from this season, the group stage was expanded from eight to 16 teams, divided into four groups of four, and the knockout stage expanded from 4 to 8 teams.

Defending champions TP Mazembe, which entered the Confederation Cup after losing in the 2017 CAF Champions League first round, defeated Supersport United in the final, and earned the right to play against the winners of the 2017 CAF Champions League in the 2018 CAF Super Cup.

2018 CAF Confederation Cup
The 2018 CAF Confederation Cup (officially the 2018 Total CAF Confederation Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 15th edition  of Africa's secondary club football tournament organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF), under the current CAF Confederation Cup title after the merger of CAF Cup and African Cup Winners' Cup.

Raja Casablanca won the title for the first time, defeating AS Vita Club in the final, and earned the right to play against the winners of the 2018 CAF Champions League in the 2019 CAF Super Cup.

TP Mazembe were the two-time defending champions, but as they qualified for the 2018 CAF Champions League and reached the group stage, they were not able to defend their title.
Bad Ischl
Bad Ischl (Austrian German [baːt ˈɪʃl̩]) is a spa town in Austria. It lies in the southern part of Upper Austria, at the river Traun in the centre of the Salzkammergut region. The town consists of the Katastralgemeinden Ahorn, Bad Ischl, Haiden, Jainzen, Kaltenbach, Lauffen, Lindau, Pfandl, Perneck, Reiterndorf and Rettenbach. It is connected to the village of Strobl by the river Ischl, which drains from the Wolfgangsee, and to the Traunsee, into which the stream empties. It is home to the Kaiservilla, summer residence of Austro-Hungarian monarchs Emperor Franz Joseph I and Empress Elisabeth. In 2024, Bad Ischl was one of the European Capitals of Culture – the third city in Austria after Graz (2003) and Linz (2009).

Bad Aussee
Bad Aussee (German: [baːt aʊ̯sˈseː]; Central Bavarian: Bod Ossee) is a town in the Austrian state of Styria, located at the confluence of the three sources of the Traun River in the Ausseerland region. Bad Aussee serves as the economic and cultural center of the Styrian part of the Salzkammergut lakes region.  With a population of 4,862, the town is said to be the geographical midpoint of Austria, symbolized by a stone monument in the centre of town.

Together with other Alpine towns Bad Aussee engages in the Alpine Town of the Year Association for the implementation of the Alpine Convention to achieve sustainable development in the Alpine Arc. Bad Aussee was awarded Alpine Town of the Year 2010.
ABC News (United States)
ABC News is the news division of the American television network ABC. Its flagship program is the daily evening newscast ABC World News Tonight with David Muir; other programs include morning news-talk show Good Morning America, Nightline, 20/20, and This Week with George Stephanopoulos. The network also includes daytime talk shows The View, Live with Kelly and Mark, and Tamron Hall. In addition to the division's television programs, ABC News has radio and digital outlets, including ABC News Radio and ABC News Live, plus various podcasts hosted by ABC News personalities.

Breaking news
Breaking news, also called late-breaking news, a special report, special coverage, or a news flash, is a current issue that warrants the interruption of a scheduled broadcast in order to report its details. News broadcasters also use the term for continuing coverage of events of broad interest to viewers, attracting accusations of sensationalism.
2013–14 Euroleague
The 2013–14 Turkish Airlines Euroleague was the 14th season of the modern era of Euroleague Basketball and the fourth under the title sponsorship of the Turkish Airlines. Including the competition's previous incarnation as the FIBA Europe Champions Cup, this was the 57th season of the premier competition for European men's clubs.

Euroleague Basketball Company, in its annual meeting in Barcelona, determined the site of the season's Euroleague Final Four venue. London was originally supposed to host the Final Four, but it was decided that the 2014 Euroleague Final Four be held at the Mediolanum Forum, in Milan. In the championship final game, Maccabi Electra Tel Aviv defeated the previous season's runners-up, Real Madrid, by a score of 98-86 after overtime, and won its sixth Euroleague title in the club's history.

2013–14 ABA League
The 2013–14 ABA League was the 13th season of the ABA League, with 14 teams from Serbia, Slovenia, Montenegro, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia and Hungary participating in it.

Regular season started on October 4, 2013, and lasted until March 31, 2014. The Final Four took place from April 24 to 27, 2014.
Lamitan
Lamitan, officially the City of Lamitan (Chavacano: Ciudad de Lamitan; Yakan: Siyudad Lamitanin; Tausūg: Dāira sin Lamitan; Filipino: Lungsod ng Lamitan), is a  component city and de jure capital of the province of Basilan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 100,150 people.

The city is bounded on the east by the municipality of Tuburan, on the south by Tipo-Tipo, on the west by Isabela and on the north by Basilan Strait.

Naga, Cebu
Naga, officially the City of Naga (Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Naga; Filipino: Lungsod ng Naga), is a  component city in the province of Cebu, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 138,727 people.

It is one of the two Philippine cities named Naga, the other being Naga, Camarines Sur in Luzon.
Vega Island
Vega Island (63°50′S 57°25′W﻿ / ﻿63.833°S 57.417°W﻿ / -63.833; -57.417﻿ (Vega Island)) is an island in Antarctica, 17 nautical miles (31 km; 20 mi) long and 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) wide, which is the northernmost of the James Ross Island group and lies in the west part of Erebus and Terror Gulf. 
It is separated from James Ross Island by Herbert Sound and from Trinity Peninsula by Prince Gustav Channel.

Lopez de Bertodano Formation
The Lopez de Bertodano Formation is a geological formation in the James Ross archipelago of the Antarctic Peninsula. The strata date from the end of the Late Cretaceous (upper-lower Maastrichtian stage) to the Danian stage of the lower Paleocene, from about 70 to 65.5 million years ago, straddling the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary.
Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
Maximilian I Joseph (German: Maximilian I. Josef; 27 May 1756 – 13 October 1825) was Duke of Zweibrücken from 1795 to 1799, prince-elector of Bavaria (as Maximilian IV Joseph) from 1799 to 1806, then King of Bavaria (as Maximilian I Joseph) from 1806 to 1825. He was a member of the House of Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Zweibrücken, a branch of the House of Wittelsbach.

Landshut
Landshut (German: [ˈlantshuːt] ⓘ; Bavarian: Landshuad) is a town in Bavaria, Germany, on the banks of the River Isar. Landshut is the capital of Lower Bavaria, one of the seven administrative regions of the Free State of Bavaria, and the seat of the surrounding district. With a population of more than 75,000, Landshut is the largest city in Lower Bavaria.
Campoformido
Campoformido (Italian: [ˌkampoˈfɔrmido]; archaically Campoformio; Friulian: Cjampfuarmit) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northeastern Italy, with a population of 7,743 (December 2019). It is notable for the 1797 Treaty of Campo Formio.

Palmanova
Palmanova (Friulian: Palme) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northeast Italy. The town is an example of a star fort of the late Renaissance, built by the Venetian Republic in 1593.

The fortifications were included in UNESCO's World Heritage Site list as part of Venetian Works of Defence between the 16th and 17th centuries: Stato da Terra – western Stato da Mar in 2017. Palmanova is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa
Sir Abubakar Tafawa BalewaListenⓘ KBE PC (December 1912 – 15 January 1966) was the first and only Prime Minister of Nigeria. A dominant figure of Nigerian Independence, he was a conservative Anglophile. His political career spanned almost a quarter of a century.

Don Okafor
Major Donatus Okafor Listenⓘ (died July 1966) was a Nigerian army officer, Commander of the Federal Guards Brigade, and one of the principal plotters of the January 15, 1966 coup, an event that derailed Nigeria's nascent democracy and introduced military rule to Nigeria.
TNA Lockdown (2011)
The 2011 Lockdown was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) promotion, that took  place on April 17, 2011 at the U.S. Bank Arena in Cincinnati, Ohio. It was the seventh event under the Lockdown chronology and the fourth event of the 2011 TNA PPV schedule. In the concept of Lockdown events, every match was booked to take place inside a steel cage.

The event featured double main events in which Sting defeated Rob Van Dam and Mr. Anderson in a steel cage match to retain the TNA World Heavyweight Championship, and Fortune (James Storm, Robert Roode, Kazarian and Christopher Daniels) defeated Immortal (Ric Flair, Abyss, Bully Ray and Matt Hardy) in a Lethal Lockdown match. In the other match at the top of the card Jeff Jarrett defeated Kurt Angle in an "Ultra Male Rules" Two out of Three Falls Steel Cage match.

In October 2017, with the launch of the Global Wrestling Network, the event became available to stream on demand.

Hardcore Justice (2011)
The 2011 Hardcore Justice was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) promotion, which took place on August 7, 2011 at the Impact Wrestling Zone in Orlando, Florida. It was the seventh event under the Hardcore Justice chronology.

In October 2017, with the launch of the Global Wrestling Network, the event became available to stream on demand.
Berkeley, California
Berkeley (/ˈbɜːrkli/ ⓘ BURK-lee) is a city on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay in northern Alameda County, California, United States. It is named after the 18th-century Anglo-Irish bishop and philosopher George Berkeley. It borders the cities of Oakland and Emeryville to the south and the city of Albany and the unincorporated community of Kensington to the north. Its eastern border with Contra Costa County generally follows the ridge of the Berkeley Hills. The 2020 census recorded a population of 124,321.

Berkeley is home to the oldest campus in the University of California, the University of California, Berkeley, and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is managed and operated by the university. It also has the Graduate Theological Union, one of the largest religious studies institutions in the world. Berkeley is considered one of the most socially progressive cities in the United States.

Print Mint
The Print Mint, Inc. was a major publisher and distributor of underground comix based in the San Francisco Bay Area during the genre's late 1960s-early 1970s heyday. Starting as a retailer of psychedelic posters, the Print Mint soon evolved into a publisher, printer, and distributor. It was "ground zero" for the psychedelic poster. The Print Mint was originally owned by poet Don Schenker and his wife Alice, who later partnered in the business with Bob and Peggy Rita.
Chipping Norton
Chipping Norton is a market town and civil parish in the Cotswolds in the West Oxfordshire district of Oxfordshire, England, about 12 miles (19 km) south-west of Banbury and 18 miles (29 km) north-west of Oxford. The 2011 Census recorded the civil parish population as 5,719. It was estimated at 6,254 in 2019.

Deddington
Deddington is a town and civil parish in Oxfordshire, England, 6 miles (10 km) south of Banbury. The parish includes two hamlets, Clifton and Hempton. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 2,146.  It has been a market town since the 12th century. One of the Hundred Rolls of King Edward I from 1275–76 records Deddington as a borough.
KNVB Cup
The KNVB Beker (pronounced [ˌkaːʔɛɱveːˈbeː ˈbeːkər]; English: KNVB Cup), branded as the Eurojackpot KNVB Beker for sponsorship reasons, is a competition in the Netherlands organised by the Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB) since 1898. It was based on the format of the English FA Cup. Outside the Netherlands, it is often referred to as the Dutch Cup. The tournament consists of all teams from the top four tiers of Dutch league football (Eredivisie, Eerste Divisie, Tweede Divisie and Derde Divisie), as well as the 24 semi-finalists (or replacements) of the six KNVB District Cups. The finals of the tournament traditionally takes place in De Kuip, and has been held there every season since the 1989 final. The winners of the cup compete against the winners of the Eredivisie for the Johan Cruyff Shield, (equivalent to a super cup) which acts as the curtain raiser for the following season.

Icelandic Men's Football Cup
The Icelandic Men's Football Cup (Icelandic: Bikarkeppni karla í knattspyrnu - Mjólkurbikarinn) is a knock-out football cup competition in Iceland.  The final is played at Laugardalsvöllur in mid-September. The winners qualify for the UEFA Europa League. The tournament was first played in 1960. Vestri are the 2025 champions.
Masinloc
Masinloc, officially the Municipality of Masinloc (Sambal: Babali nin Masinloc; Ilocano: Ili ti Masinloc; Filipino: Bayan ng Masinloc), is a municipality in the province of Zambales, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 56,579 people.

San Felipe, Zambales
San Felipe, officially the Municipality of San Felipe (Ilocano: Ili ti San Felipe, Filipino: Bayan ng San Felipe), is a municipality in the province of Zambales, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 26,081 people.
Waitakere United
Waitakere United was a football club based in Waitakere City, New Zealand. They were one of the franchises in the ISPS Handa Premiership. They played their home games at Fred Taylor Park in Kumeū and The Trusts Arena.

2014–15 New Zealand Football Championship
The 2014–15 New Zealand Football Championship season (currently known as the ASB Premiership  for sponsorship reasons) was the eleventh season of the NZFC since its establishment in 2004. Nine teams are involved this season, which includes the newly formed Wellington Phoenix reserve team. Auckland City and Team Wellington will represent the ASB Premiership in the 2014–15 OFC Champions League after finishing Champions and Runners-up respectively in the 2013–14 competition.
San Luis del Cordero Municipality
San Luis del Cordero is a municipality in the Mexican state of Durango. The municipal seat lies at San Luis del Cordero. The municipality covers an area of 543.9 km2.

As of 2010, the municipality had a total population of 2,181, up from 2,013 as of 2005.

As of 2010, the town of San Luis del Cordero had a population of 1,584. Other than the town of San Luis del Cordero, the municipality had 16 localities, none of which had a population over 1,000.

San Pedro del Gallo Municipality
San Pedro del Gallo is a municipality in the Mexican state of Durango. The municipal seat lies at San Pedro del Gallo. The municipality covers an area of 2,008.3 km2.

As of 2010, the municipality had a total population of 1,709, up from 1,486 as of 2005.

The municipality had 73 localities, none of which had a population over 1,000.