hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Exeter College, Oxford
Exeter College (in full: The rector and Scholars of Exeter College in the University of Oxford) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England, and the fourth-oldest college of the university.

The college was founded in 1314 by two brothers from Devon, Bishop Walter Stapledon and Sir Richard Stapledon, as an institution to educate clergy, and has been located on Turl Street since 1315. At its foundation Exeter was popular with sons of the Devon gentry, though it has since become associated with a much broader range of notable alumni, including Raymond Raikes, William Morris, J. R. R. Tolkien, Richard Burton, Roger Bannister, Alan Bennett, and Philip Pullman.

English College, Rome
The Venerable English College (Italian: Venerabile Collegio Inglese), commonly referred to as the English College, is a Catholic seminary in Rome, Italy, for the training of priests for England and Wales. It was founded in 1579 by William Allen on the model of the English College, Douai.

The current Rector is the Rev. Stephen Wang from the Diocese of Westminster.
Anemone
Anemone (/əˈnɛməniː/) is a genus of flowering plants in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae. Plants of the genus are commonly called windflowers. They are native to the temperate and subtropical regions of all regions except Australia, New Zealand, and Antarctica. The genus is closely related to several other genera including Anemonoides, Anemonastrum,  Hepatica, and Pulsatilla. Some botanists include these genera within Anemone.

James W. Byng
James W. Byng is a British botanist who is the Director of TU Delft Hortus Botanicus (TU Delft Botanic Garden) since 2021. He was trained at the University of Aberdeen, Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

He is an authority on the Myrtaceae genus Syzygium Gaertn. and is working on a global monograph for the group with regional collaborators. He is also a co-author on the latest Angiosperm Phylogeny Group plant classification, APG IV, and author of the comprehensive practical plant books The Flowering Plants Handbook and The Gymnosperms Handbook

The standard author abbreviation Byng is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Financial planner
A financial planner or personal financial planner is a qualified financial advisor. Practicing in full service personal finance, they advise clients on investments, insurance, tax, retirement and estate planning.

As a general rule, a financial planner’s work can:

integrate into the range of professional services (eg: lawyer, accountant); or

integrate into the offer of a range of financial products and services (eg: financial advisor, insurance agent); or

not be integrated into other products or services, providing stand alone financial planning.

Financial adviser
A financial adviser or financial advisor is a professional who provides financial services to clients based on their financial situation. In many countries, financial advisors must complete specific training and be registered with a regulatory body in order to provide advice.

Relationships between clients and financial advisors can be characterized by principal-agent problems, as financial advisors may possess information and conflicts of interest that lead to dishonest advice and misconduct.
Ice hockey at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey at the 1998 Winter Olympics was played at The Big Hat and Aqua Wing Arena in Nagano, Japan. Isao Kataoka served as the chairman of the ice hockey competition committee for the 1998 Winter Olympics, the first Olympics to include active National Hockey League players, and the first Olympics to include a women's tournament.

Canada women's national ice hockey team
The Canadian women's national ice hockey team is the ice hockey team representing Canada in women's hockey. The team is overseen by Hockey Canada, a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation and participates in international competitions. Canada has been a dominant figure in international competition, having won the majority of major ice hockey tournaments. Canada is rivaled by the United States, the only other winner of a major tournament.
Ghana Empire
The Ghana Empire (Arabic: غانا), also known as simply Ghana, Ghanata, or Wagadu, was an ancient western-Sahelian empire based in the modern-day southeast of Mauritania and western Mali.

It is uncertain among historians when Ghana's ruling dynasty began. The first identifiable mention of the imperial dynasty in written records was made by Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī in 830. Further information about the empire was provided by the accounts of Cordoban scholar al-Bakri when he wrote about the region in the 11th century.

After centuries of prosperity, the empire began its decline in the second millennium, and would finally become a vassal state of the rising Mali Empire at some point in the 13th century. Despite its collapse, the empire's influence can be felt in the establishment of numerous urban centers throughout its former territory. In 1957, the Gold Coast, under the leadership of Kwame Nkrumah named itself Ghana upon independence.

Kingdom of Benin
The Kingdom of Benin or Empire of Benin, also known as Great Benin, is a traditional kingdom in southern Nigeria. It has no historical relation to the modern republic of Benin, which was known as Dahomey from the 17th century until 1975. The Kingdom of Benin's capital was Edo, now known as Benin City in Edo State, Nigeria. The Benin Kingdom was one of the oldest and most developed states in the coastal hinterland of West Africa. It grew out of the previous Edo Kingdom of Igodomigodo around the 11th century AD; it was annexed by the British Empire in 1897, but endured as a non-sovereign monarchy.

In the 15th and 16th centuries, the empire reached the height of its prosperity, expanding its territory, trading with European powers, and creating a remarkable artistic legacy in cast bronze, iron, brass, carved ivory, and other materials.
CNBC
The Consumer News and Business Channel (CNBC) is an American business news channel owned by Versant. The network broadcasts live business news and analysis programming during the morning, daytime business day, and early-evening hours, with the remaining hours (such as weekday prime time and weekends) filled by business-related documentaries and reality television programming, as well as occasional sports presentations from USA Sports (previously served by NBC Sports). CNBC operates an accompanying financial news website, CNBC.com, which includes news articles, video and podcast content, as well as subscription-based services. CNBC's headquarters and main studios are located in Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, while it also maintains a studio at the Nasdaq MarketSite in Times Square, New York City.

McMahon family
The McMahon family (/məkˈmæn/ mək-MAN) is an Irish-American family known for their ownership of WWE, the world's largest professional wrestling promotion. Vince McMahon, a third-generation wrestling promoter, was the chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of WWE from 1982 until 2023. Shane McMahon is a fourth-generation professional wrestling promoter.

In April 2023, Vince McMahon sold WWE to Endeavor, the parent company of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). The sale was finalized in September 2023, resulting in the merger of WWE and UFC into TKO Group Holdings. Vince McMahon retired in January 2024 during an ongoing sex trafficking scandal. The McMahon family has also branched out into movie production and American football through the XFL. As of 2026, the McMahon family maintains its 5.35% ownership stake of TKO Group Holdings with Vince McMahon owning 4.06% of the company.
Olympic Stadium (Wrocław)
The Olympic Stadium (Polish: Stadion Olimpijski) is a multi-purpose stadium in Wrocław, Poland. It is the home stadium of speedway team Sparta Wrocław and American football team Panthers Wrocław.

The stadium has a capacity now of 11,000 people and was supposed to be one of the main pitches on UEFA Euro 2012. The newly constructed Stadion Miejski was used for that event instead.

Björn Knutson
Björn Knutson commonly spelt Knutsson (born 27 April 1938 in Sweden) is a former motorcycle speedway rider who won the Speedway World Championship in 1965 and was a four-time winner of the World Team Cup. He gained the nickname 'The Crown Prince' for his speedway success. He earned 42 caps for the Sweden national speedway team.
1972 Dutch general election
Early general elections were held in the Netherlands on 29 November 1972. The Labour Party (PvdA) remained the largest party, winning 43 of the 150 seats in the House of Representatives.

The elections led to a five-party coalition government consisting of the PvdA, the Catholic People's Party, the Anti-Revolutionary Party, the Political Party of Radicals and Democrats 1966 with the PvdA's Joop den Uyl as Prime Minister.

Christian Historical Union
The Christian Historical Union (Dutch: Christelijk-Historische Unie, CHU) was a Protestant Christian democratic political party in the Netherlands. The CHU is one of the predecessors of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), into which it merged in September 1980.
Michel Legrand
Michel Jean Legrand (French pronunciation: [miʃɛl ləɡʁɑ̃]; 24 February 1932 – 26 January 2019) was a French musical composer, arranger, conductor, jazz pianist, and singer. Legrand was a prolific composer, having written more than 200 film and television scores, in addition to many songs. His scores for two of the films of French New Wave director Jacques Demy, The Umbrellas of Cherbourg (1964) and The Young Girls of Rochefort (1967), earned Legrand his first Academy Award nominations. Legrand won his first Oscar for the song "The Windmills of Your Mind" from The Thomas Crown Affair (1968), and additional Oscars for Summer of '42 (1971) and Barbra Streisand's Yentl (1983).

Andy Williams
Howard Andrew Williams (December 3, 1927 – September 25, 2012) was an American singer. He recorded 43 albums in his career, of which 15 have been gold certified and three platinum certified. He was also nominated for six Grammy Awards. He hosted the Andy Williams Show, a television variety show, from 1962 to 1971, along with numerous TV specials. The Andy Williams Show won three Emmy Awards. He sold more than 45 million records worldwide, including more than 10 million certified units in the United States.

Williams was active in the music industry for over 70 years until his death in September 2012 from bladder cancer, at the age of 84.
Nature reserve
A nature reserve (also known as a wildlife refuge, wildlife sanctuary, biosphere reserve or bioreserve, natural or nature preserve, or nature conservation area) is a protected area of importance for flora, fauna, funga, or features of geological or other special interest, which is reserved and managed for purposes of conservation and to provide special opportunities for study or research. They may be designated by government institutions in some countries, or by private landowners, such as charities and research institutions. Nature reserves fall into different IUCN categories depending on the level of protection afforded by local laws. Normally it is more strictly protected than a nature park. Various jurisdictions may use other terminology, such as ecological protection area or private protected area in legislation and in official titles of the reserves.

Zakaznik
A zakaznik is a type of protected area in former Soviet republics such as Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, that meets World Conservation Union's (IUCN) category IV, or more frequently category VI criteria.

Many zakazniks have traditionally been managed as game reserves. Some protect complex ecosystems, colonies of birds, or populations of rare plants. They range in size from 0.5 ha to 6,000,000 ha. In other words, a zakaznik is a nature reserve.

Zakazniks are the areas where temporary or permanent limitations are placed upon certain on-site economic activities, such as logging, mining, grazing, hunting, etc. They correspond to sanctuary in UNESCO World Heritage terminology and literally mean preserves or reserve (from the Russian zakaz — order, reserve).
Nicole Melichar-Martinez
Nicole Melichar-Martinez (née Melichar; Czech: Nicole Melicharová, Czech pronunciation: [ˈmɛlɪxarovaː]; born July 29, 1993) is an American professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. On 3 July 2023, she peaked at world No. 6 in the WTA doubles rankings.
Melichar won a title in mixed doubles at the 2018 Wimbledon Championships with Austrian partner Alexander Peya.
She has also won 17 WTA Tour doubles titles as well as two 125 titles on the WTA Challenger Tour.

In singles, she has reached a career-high singles ranking of No. 400 in 2012 and has won two ITF titles.

Fanny Stollár
Fanny Stollár (born 12 November 1998) is a Hungarian tennis player.
She reached her best doubles ranking of No. 25 in the WTA rankings on 13 October 2025. Stollár has won five doubles titles on the WTA Tour and four doubles titles on the WTA Challenger Tour, along with two singles and 15 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 19 November 2018, she peaked at No. 114 in singles.

Playing for Hungary Fed Cup team, Stollár has a win–loss record of 11–2 (as of June 2025).
Ballarat North
Ballarat North (also known as North Ballarat) is a suburb of Ballarat, Victoria, Australia located north of Ballarat's central area.  Ballarat North is bounded by Norman Street; Ballarat General Cemetery and Western Freeway to the north, Howitt Street to the south, Doodts Road to the east and the Mildura railway line to the west.  At the 2021 census, Ballarat North had a population of 4,041.

Ballarat North is partly industrial and residential in nature.

Sebastopol, Victoria
Sebastopol is a southern suburb on the rural-urban fringe of Ballarat, Victoria, Australia. It is the third most populated area in urban Ballarat with a population of 10,194 at the 2021 census.

It is named after Sevastopol in Crimea, the site of an important battle during the Crimean War.

Formerly a separate town, Sebastopol had municipal status between 1864 and 1994 after which the Borough of Sebastopol was merged into the City of Ballarat.

Today it is the site of numerous light-industrial businesses and primarily low cost single-family detached homes and is a fringe suburb in Ballarat and also one of the most car dependent areas in the city.
Suffolk County Cricket Club
Suffolk County Cricket Club is one of twenty minor county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Suffolk.

The team is currently a member of the Minor Counties Championship Eastern Division and plays in the MCCA Knockout Trophy. Suffolk played List A matches occasionally from 1966 until 2005 but is not classified as a List A team per se.

1995 NatWest Trophy
The 1995 NatWest Trophy was the 15th NatWest Trophy.  It was an English limited overs county cricket tournament which was held between 27 June and 2 September 1995. The tournament was won by Warwickshire County Cricket Club who defeated Northamptonshire County Cricket Club by 4 wickets in the final at Lord's.
Architect
An architect is a person who plans, designs, and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that have human occupancy or use as their principal purpose. Etymologically, the term architect derives from the Latin architectus, which derives from the Greek (arkhi-, chief + tekton, builder), i.e., chief builder.

The professional requirements for architects vary from location to location. An architect's decisions affect public safety, and thus the architect must undergo specialised training consisting of advanced education and a practicum (or internship) for practical experience to earn a license to practice architecture. Practical, technical, and academic requirements for becoming an architect vary by jurisdiction though the formal study of architecture in academic institutions has played a pivotal role in the development of the profession.

Håkon Mosling
Håkon Adelstein Mosling (16 April 1840 - 7 October 1914) was a Norwegian builder and architect.

Mosling lived in several places, including Trondheim (1865–1873), Steinkjer (1874–1894), and Oslo (1894–1914). As part of his architectural practice, he also operated as a builder and for a period he also had a carpentry workshop in Steinkjer. For the last 20 years of his professional life, he was employed as a draftsman for the military at Akershus Fortress in Oslo.

Mosling designed a number of churches in Norway, but due to his limited schooling, several of the drawings underwent extensive proofreading and adjustments by the architect Jacob Wilhelm Nordan who was the architect employed by the Ministry of Church Affairs.
Admiral of the fleet
An admiral of the fleet or shortened to fleet admiral is a senior naval flag officer rank, usually equivalent to field marshal and marshal of the air force. An admiral of the fleet is typically senior to an admiral.

It is also a generic term for a senior admiral in command of a large group of ships, comprising a fleet or, in some cases, a group of fleets. If actually a rank, its name can vary depending on the country. In addition to "fleet admiral" and "admiral of the fleet", such rank names include "admiral of the navy" and "grand admiral".

Captain (naval)
Captain is the name most often given in English-speaking navies to the rank corresponding to command of the largest ships. The rank is equal to the army rank of colonel and air force rank of group captain.

Equivalent ranks worldwide include ship-of-the-line captain (e.g. France, Argentina, Spain), captain of sea and war (e.g. Brazil, Portugal), captain at sea (e.g. Germany, Netherlands) and "captain of the first rank" (Russia).
Sloop-of-war
During the 18th and 19th centuries, a sloop-of-war was a warship of the Royal Navy with a single gun deck that carried up to 18 guns. The rating system of the Royal Navy covered all vessels with 20 or more guns; thus, the term encompassed all unrated warships, including gun-brigs and cutters. In technical terms, even the more specialised bomb vessels and fire ships were classed by the Royal Navy as sloops-of-war, and in practice these were employed in the role of a sloop-of-war when not carrying out their specialised functions.

In World War I and World War II, the Royal Navy reused the term "sloop" for specialised convoy-defence vessels, including the Flower class of the First World War and the highly successful Black Swan class of the Second World War, with anti-aircraft and anti-submarine capabilities. They performed similar duties to the destroyer escorts of the United States Navy, and also performed similar duties to the smaller corvettes of the Royal Navy.

USS Pawnee (1859)
The first USS Pawnee was a sloop-of-war in the United States Navy during the American Civil War. She was named for the Pawnee Indian tribe.

Pawnee was laid down in 1858 at the Philadelphia Navy Yard; launched 8 October 1859, sponsored by Miss Grace Tyler; and commissioned 11 June 1860, Commander H. J. Hartstene in command.
AND gate
The AND gate is a basic digital logic gate that implements the logical conjunction (∧) from mathematical logic –  AND gates behave according to their truth table. A HIGH output (1) results only if all the inputs to the AND gate are HIGH (1). If any of the inputs to the AND gate are not HIGH, a LOW (0) is outputted. The function can be extended to any number of inputs by multiple gates up in a chain.

Circuit complexity
In theoretical computer science, circuit complexity is a branch of computational complexity theory in which Boolean functions are classified according to the size or depth of the Boolean circuits that compute them. A related notion is the circuit complexity of a recursive language that is decided by a uniform family of circuits  (see below).

Proving lower bounds on size of Boolean circuits computing explicit Boolean functions is a popular approach to separating complexity classes. For example, a prominent circuit class P/poly consists of Boolean functions computable by circuits of polynomial size. Proving that  would separate P and NP (see below).

Complexity classes defined in terms of Boolean circuits include AC0, AC, TC0, NC1, NC, and P/poly.
Asir
Asir, officially the Aseer Province, is a province of Saudi Arabia in southern Arabia. It has an area of 76,693 square kilometres (29,611 sq mi), and an estimated population of 2,024,285 (in 2022). Abha is its seat and second-largest city, after Khamis Mushait. Asir is bounded by the Mecca Province to the north and west, Al-Baha Province to the northwest, Riyadh Province to the northeast, Najran Province to the southeast, and Jazan Province and the Saada Governorate of Yemen to the south.

Sultana bint Turki Al Sudairi
Sultana bint Turki Al Sudairi (Arabic: سلطانة بنت تركي السديري; c. 1940 – 30 July 2011) was a Saudi royal. She was the cousin and first wife of Prince Salman bin Abdulaziz. Three years after her death, Sultana's husband became king of Saudi Arabia.
Dalit
Dalit (English: /ˈdælɪt/, Hindi: [d̪əlɪt̪] from Sanskrit: दलित meaning "broken/scattered"), also called Harijans (Hindi: [ɦəɾɪdʒən]) is a term used for untouchables and outcasts, who represent the lowest stratum of the castes in the Indian subcontinent. Dalits were excluded from the fourfold varna of the caste hierarchy in Hinduism and were seen as forming a fifth varna, also known by the name of Panchama.

Several scholars have drawn parallels between Dalits and the Burakumin of Japan, the Baekjeong of Korea and the peasant class of the medieval European feudal system. 
Dalits predominantly follow Hinduism with significant populations following Buddhism, Sikhism, Christianity, and Islam. The constitution of India includes Dalits as one of the Scheduled Castes; this gives Dalits the right to protection, affirmative action (known as reservation in India), and official development resources.

Poona Pact
The Poona Pact of  September 1932 was a negotiated settlement between Mahatma Gandhi and B. R. Ambedkar that increased the political representation of the depressed classes, now known as Scheduled Castes (SC). The Poona Pact was an agreement between nominal Hindus and the Depressed Classes and was signed by 23 people including Madan Mohan Malaviya, on behalf of Hindus and Gandhi, and Dr Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar on behalf of The Depressed Classes.
International Olympic Committee
The International Olympic Committee (IOC) is the international, non-governmental, sports governing body of the modern Olympic Games. Founded in 1894 by Pierre de Coubertin and Demetrios Vikelas, it is based in Lausanne, Switzerland. The IOC is the authority responsible for organising the Summer, Winter, and Youth Olympics.  The IOC is also the governing body of the National Olympic Committees (NOCs) and the worldwide Olympic Movement, which includes all entities and individuals involved in the Olympic Games. As of 2020, 206 NOCs officially were recognised by the IOC. Since 2025, the IOC president has been Kirsty Coventry.

Jules Rimet
Jules Rimet (French pronunciation: [ʒyl ʁimɛ]; 14 October 1873 – 16 October 1956) was a French football administrator who was the 3rd president of FIFA, serving from 1921 to 1954. He is FIFA's longest-serving president, in office for 33 years. He also served as the president of the French Football Federation from 1919 to 1942, and again from 1944 to 1949.

On Rimet's initiative, the first FIFA World Cup was held in 1930. The Jules Rimet Trophy was named in his honour. He also founded French club Red Star, known as Red Star Club Français upon its creation in 1897.