hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rancagua
Rancagua (Spanish pronunciation: [raŋˈkaɣwa]) is a city and commune in central Chile and part of the Rancagua conurbation. It is the capital of the Cachapoal Province and of the O'Higgins Region, located 87 km (54 mi) south of the national capital of Santiago.

It was originally named Santa Cruz de Triana by Spanish colonists. In 2012, its population was 232,211. The main economic activities range from mining, tourism, agriculture, timber, food production and services to minor industrial activities. The city also serves as the administrative and legal center of the region.

Together with Machalí and Gultro, it forms the Rancagua conurbation. After Curicó, Talca and Concepción, it is one of the most important and densely populated cities of the south central zone of Chile.

Santa Cruz, Chile
Santa Cruz is a Chilean city and commune, located in the Colchagua valley, in the O'Higgins Region, located on the southern shore of the Tinguiririca river, 110 miles from Santiago, Chile's capital city, and 27 miles from San Fernando.
Iquique
Iquique (Spanish pronunciation: [iˈkike]) is a port city and commune in northern Chile, capital of both the Iquique Province and Tarapacá Region. It lies on the Pacific coast, west of the Pampa del Tamarugal, which is part of the Atacama Desert. Its name comes from the Aymara Language: "Iki Iki," meaning "land of dreams." It has a population of 191,468 according to the 2017 census. It is also the main commune of Greater Iquique. The city developed during the heyday of the saltpetre mining in the Atacama Desert in the 19th century. Once a Peruvian city with a large Chilean population, it was conquered by Chile in the War of the Pacific (1879–1883). Today it is one of only two free ports of Chile, the other one being Punta Arenas, in the country's far south.

Taltal
Taltal is a Chilean commune and city in Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta Region. According to the 2012 census, the commune has a population of 11,132 and has an area of 20,405.1 km2 (7,878 sq mi).
The commune is home to Paranal Observatory and includes the northern portion of Pan de Azúcar National Park.

The commune of Taltal hosts multiple copper mines including Franke, Altamira and Las Luces; all operated and owned by Grupo Minero Las Cenizas.
Domini di Terraferma
The Domini di Terraferma (lit. 'mainland domains') or Stato da Tera (lit. 'mainland state') was the hinterland territories of the Republic of Venice beyond the Adriatic coast in Northeast Italy. They were one of the three subdivisions of the Republic's possessions, the other two being the original Dogado (Duchy) and the Stato da Màr (maritime territories).

Great Council of Venice
The Great Council or Major Council (Italian: Maggior Consiglio; Venetian: Mazor Consegio) was a political organ of the Republic of Venice between 1172 and 1797. It was the chief political assembly, responsible for electing many of the other political offices and the senior councils that ran the Republic, passing laws, and exercising judicial oversight. Following the lockout (Serrata) of 1297, its membership was established on hereditary right, exclusive to the patrician families enrolled in the Golden Book of the Venetian nobility.

The Great Council was unique at the time in its usage of lottery to select nominators for proposal of candidates, who were thereafter voted upon.
Somali language
Somali (/səˈmɑːli, soʊ-/ sə-MAH-lee, soh-; Latin script: Af Soomaali; Wadaad: اف صومالِ‎; Osmanya: 𐒖𐒍 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘 [af soːmaːli]) is an Afroasiatic language belonging to the Cushitic branch. Somali is spoken primarily in Greater Somalia, and the Somali diaspora as a mother tongue. It is an official language in Somalia and Ethiopia, and serves as a national language in Djibouti. It is also a recognised minority language in Kenya. The language is officially written with the Latin alphabet, although the Arabic script and several Somali scripts like Osmanya, Kaddare and the Borama script are informally used.

Somali aristocratic and court titles
This is a list of Somali aristocratic and court titles that were historically used by the Somali people's various sultanates, kingdoms and empires. Also included are the honorifics reserved for Islamic notables as well as traditional leaders and officials within Somali customary law (xeer), in addition to the nobiliary particles set aside for distinguished individuals.
Mohali
Mohali, officially Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar or  Ajitgarh, is a planned city in the Mohali district in Punjab, India, which is an administrative and a commercial hub lying south-west of Chandigarh. It is the headquarters of the Mohali district and one of the six Municipal Corporations of the State. It is officially named after Sahibzada Ajit Singh, the eldest son of Guru Gobind Singh.

Mohali has developed rapidly as an IT hub of the state of Punjab, and has thus grown in importance. 
The Government of Punjab has initiated significant infrastructure and recreation projects in attempts to increase the standard of living in Mohali. Roads have been built to create networks between Mohali and Chandigarh International Airport to boost its international connectivity.

Mohali was earlier a part of the Rupnagar district and was carved out and made a part of a separate district in 2006.

Punjabi cinema
Punjabi cinema, also known as Pollywood or Punjwood, is cinema dedicated to the production of motion pictures in the Punjabi-language widely spoken in the Indian state of Punjab. It is based in Amritsar, Ludhiana, and Mohali.

The cinema of Punjab has its beginnings with the 1928 production of Daughters of Today, the earliest feature film produced in the region in Lahore. The first sound film, Heer Ranjha, using the sound-on-disc technology, was released in 1932. Since then, many films have been produced in Punjabi cinema, a number of which have received international recognition. Many actors and filmmakers started their careers in Punjabi films, a number of whom have acquired international reputations, and a number of whom have found greater financial benefits in careers in larger film producing industries.
Henry Purcell
Henry Purcell (/ˈpɜːrsəl/, rare: /pərˈsɛl/; c. 10 September 1659 – 21 November 1695) was an English composer and organist of the middle Baroque era.  He was extremely prolific, having composed more than 100 songs, a tragic opera Dido and Aeneas, and wrote incidental music to a version of Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream called The Fairy Queen.

Purcell's musical style was uniquely English, although it incorporated Italian and French elements. Purcell is generally considered to be one of the greatest English composers.

Les Arts Florissants (ensemble)
Les Arts Florissants is a French Baroque musical ensemble housed in the Philharmonie de Paris. The organization was founded by conductor William Christie in 1979. The ensemble derives its name from the 1685 opera Les Arts florissants by Marc-Antoine Charpentier. The organization consists of a chamber orchestra of period instruments and a small vocal ensemble. Christie remains the organization's artistic director, alongside British tenor Paul Agnew who became co-musical director in 2020.
Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin
Menomonee Falls is a village in Waukesha County, Wisconsin, United States. Its population was 38,527 at the 2020 census, making it the most-populous village in Wisconsin. It is part of the Milwaukee metropolitan area. The Fortune 500 retailer Kohl's is headquartered in the village.

Waukesha, Wisconsin
Waukesha (/ˈwɔːkɪʃɔː/ ⓘ WAW-ki-shaw) is a city in and the county seat of Waukesha County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 71,158 at the 2020 census. Located along the Fox River adjacent to the Village of Waukesha, it is the eighth-most populous city in Wisconsin. Waukesha is part of the Milwaukee metropolitan area.
Heat exchanger
A heat exchanger is a system used to transfer heat between a source and a working fluid. Heat exchangers are used in both cooling and heating processes. The fluids may be separated by a solid wall to prevent mixing or they may be in direct contact. They are widely used in space heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, power stations, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries, natural-gas processing, and sewage treatment. The classic example of a heat exchanger is found in an internal combustion engine in which a circulating fluid known as engine coolant flows through radiator coils and air flows past the coils, which cools the coolant and heats the incoming air. Another example is the heat sink, which is a passive heat exchanger that transfers the heat generated by an electronic or a mechanical device to a fluid medium, often air or a liquid coolant.

Rankine cycle
The Rankine cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle describing the process by which certain heat engines, such as steam turbines or reciprocating steam engines, allow mechanical work to be extracted from a fluid as it moves between a heat source and heat sink. The Rankine cycle is named after William John Macquorn Rankine, a Scottish polymath professor at Glasgow University.

Heat energy is supplied to the system via a boiler where the working fluid (typically water) is converted to a high-pressure gaseous state (steam) in order to turn a turbine. After passing over the turbine the fluid is allowed to condense back into a liquid state as waste heat energy is rejected before being returned to  boiler, completing the cycle. Friction losses throughout the system are often neglected for the purpose of simplifying calculations as such losses are usually much less significant than thermodynamic losses, especially in larger systems.
Quinnipiac River
The Quinnipiac River (/ˈkwɪnəˌpi.æk/ KWIH-nə-pee-ak) is a 45.5-mile (73.2 km) long river in the New England region of the United States, located entirely in the state of Connecticut.

The river rises in West Central Connecticut from Dead Wood Swamp near the city of New Britain. It flows roughly southward to Plainville, Southington, and Cheshire, west of the city of Meriden, through Wallingford and Yalesville, North Haven, and flows into New Haven Harbor, an inlet of Long Island Sound, east of downtown New Haven.

Connecticut Route 22
Route 22 is a 14.07-mile-long (22.64 km) secondary state route within the U.S. state of Connecticut. Route 22 is an L-shaped road that is signed east–west from Hamden to the western junction of Route 80 in North Branford, and north–south to its eastern terminus in Guilford. It was designated in 1951 as a bypass of New Haven, connecting the Wilbur Cross Parkway and Route 80.
Al Ahli SC (Doha)
Al Ahli SC (Arabic: النادي الأهلي الرياضي), also known as Al Ahli Doha, is a Qatari multi-sport club based in Doha. It is most notable for its professional association football section. Their home ground is the Hamad bin Khalifa Stadium. Founded in 1950, it is the oldest sports club in Qatar.

Umm Salal SC
Umm Salal Sport Club (Arabic: نادي أم صلال الرياضي) is a Qatari professional football club based in Umm Salal, that competes in the Qatar Stars League, the highest tier of Qatari football. Previously called Al-Tadamun Sport Club, Umm Salal is best known for being the first Qatari club that made it to the semi-finals of the AFC Champions League.
Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico
The lieutenant governor of New Mexico (Spanish: vicegobernador de Nuevo México) is an elected constitutional officer in the executive branch of government of the U.S. state of New Mexico, ranking just below the governor. Thirty individuals have held the office of lieutenant governor since statehood, two of them serving non-consecutively. The incumbent is Howie Morales, a Democrat.

Secretary of State of New Mexico
The secretary of state of New Mexico is a constitutional officer in the executive branch of government of the U.S. state of New Mexico. Twenty-six individuals have held the office of secretary of state since statehood. Since 1923, every elected New Mexican secretary of state has been a woman. The incumbent is Maggie Toulouse Oliver, a Democrat. Toulouse Oliver's election was forced early due to the resignation of former secretary of state Dianna Duran in October 2015, after criminal charges were filed by the Attorney General's Office alleging Duran converted campaign funds to personal gambling debt.
Underwater hockey
Underwater hockey (UWH),  also known as Octopush in the United Kingdom, is a limited-contact sport in which two teams compete to manoeuvre a puck across the bottom of a swimming pool into the opposing team's goal by propelling it with a hockey stick (or pusher).

A key challenge of the game is that breathing devices such as scuba gear cannot be used during play. Participants must hold their breath when completely submerged. The game originated in Portsmouth, England in 1954 when Alan Blake, a founder of the newly formed Southsea Sub-Aqua Club, invented the game he called Octopush as a means of keeping the club's members interested and active over the cold winter months when open-water diving lost its appeal. Underwater hockey is now played worldwide, with the Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques, abbreviated CMAS, as the world governing body. The first Underwater Hockey World Championship was held in Canada in 1980.

Underwater orienteering
Underwater orienteering, also known as scuba orienteering is an underwater sport that uses recreational open circuit scuba diving equipment and consists of a set of individual and team events conducted in both sheltered and open water testing the competitors' competency in underwater navigation. The competition is principally concerned with the effectiveness of navigation technique used by competitors to swim an underwater course following a route marked on a map prepared by the competition organisers, a compass and a counter meter to measure the distance covered. The sport was developed in the Soviet Union during the late 1950s and is played mainly in Europe. It is known as Orientation Sub in French and as  La Orientación Subacuática in Spanish.  Historically, the sport has also been known as Technical Disciplines.
Wexford
Wexford (Irish: Loch Garman [ˌl̪ˠɔx ˈɡaɾˠəmˠən̪ˠ]; archaic Yola: Weiseforthe) is the county town of County Wexford, Ireland. Wexford lies on the south side of Wexford Harbour, the estuary of the River Slaney near the southeastern corner of the island of Ireland. The town is linked to Dublin by the M11/N11 National Primary Route; and to Rosslare Europort, Cork and Waterford by the N25. The national rail network connects it to Dublin and Rosslare Europort.  It had a population of 21,524 according to the 2022 census.

Bunclody
Bunclody (Irish: Bun Clóidí, meaning 'bottom of the (river) Clody'), formerly Newtownbarry (until 1950), is a small town on the River Slaney in Wexford, Ireland.  It is located near the foot of Mount Leinster. Most of the town is in County Wexford; a small area at the north end of town is in County Carlow. Bunclody has received a number of high scores in the Tidy Towns competition.

Bunclody is 20 km by road north of Enniscorthy. The R746 road intersects the N80 road in the town.
Terminalia bellirica
Terminalia bellirica, known as bahera, beleric or bastard myrobalan, is a large deciduous tree in the family Combretaceae. It is common on the plains and lower hills in South and Southeast Asia, where it is also grown as an avenue tree. The basionym is Myrobalanus bellirica Gaertn. (Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 90, t. 97. 1791). William Roxburgh transferred M. bellirica to Terminalia as "T. bellerica (Gaertn.) Roxb.". This spelling error is now widely used, causing confusion. The correct name is Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb.

Terminalia paniculata
Terminalia paniculata is a large-sized commercial timber tree endemic to Peninsular India, commonly distributed in Karnataka and Kerala.

Terminalias are especially known for cyclic triterpenes, flavanoids and tannins and T. paniculata is the best source of tannins. The tree is commonly known as Kindal in terms of timber and Flowering Murdah in terms of ornamental purposes, locally known as Kindal (Hindi), Hanalu (Kannada), Kindal (Konkani), Vellamaruth (Malayalam), Pillai Maruth (Tamil), Pulimaddi (Telugu), Asvakarna (Sanskrit), Kinjal (Marathi), etc. Golden coloured flowers and deep red coloured fruits of T. paniculata give splendid colouration to the entire forest area due to the formation of a large number of flowers and fruits in a single individual and population dominance. Species were recently neotypified by the Botanical Survey of India.
Men's Irish Senior Cup (field hockey)
The Men's Irish Senior Cup is the senior field hockey cup competition organised by Hockey Ireland, featuring men's teams from the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. The competition was first established in 1893, making it the oldest field hockey cup competition in the world. Lisnagarvey are the competition's most successful team.

Women's Irish Junior Cup (field hockey)
The Women's Irish Junior Cup is a knockout trophy played for by women's field hockey clubs in Ireland, under the auspices of the Irish Hockey Association. Entry is open to sides that do not qualify for the Women's Irish Senior Cup and to the second teams of clubs that play in the Irish Senior Cup. 
The trophy was first played for in 1909.
World Extreme Cagefighting
World Extreme Cagefighting (WEC) was an American mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion founded in 2001. It was purchased by Zuffa, LLC, the parent company of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), in 2006.  In its final incarnation, it was made up of 3 weight classes: 135 lb (61 kg), 145 lb (66 kg) and 155 lb (70 kg). To accommodate the smaller fighters, WEC's cage was 25 feet (7.6 m) in diameter—5 feet (1.5 m) smaller than the standard UFC cage.  The smaller cage is now used by UFC for selected events.

Affliction Entertainment
Affliction Entertainment was an American mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion company created by Affliction Clothing in 2008. The UFC prohibited its fighters from wearing Affliction clothing after learning Affliction was applying to become an MMA fight promoter. Although the promotion company bore the Affliction name, it was run independently of Affliction Clothing.

In July 2009, Affliction announced that it would exit the fight promotion business and that Affliction Clothing would become a UFC sponsor.
Doctrine of lapse
The doctrine of lapse was a policy of annexation initiated by the East India Company in the Indian subcontinent for the princely states, and applied until the year 1858, the year after Company rule was succeeded by the British Raj under the British Crown.

The policy is associated with James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie.

Elements of the doctrine of lapse continued to be applied by the post-independence Indian government to derecognise individual princely families until 1971, when the recognition of former ruling families was discontinued under the 26th Amendment to the Indian constitution by the Indira Gandhi government.

Gangadhar Rao
Maharaj Gangadhar Rao Newalkar (4 April 1797– 21 November 1853) was the 5th Raja of Jhansi situated in northern India (formerly a vassal kingdom of Maratha Empire however, the British East India Company became its overlord in 1804 during the Second Anglo Maratha War). During his lifetime Jhasi was considered to be part of the larger region of Bundelkhand. He was a Marathi Karhade bhatt Brahmin. He was the son of Shiv Rao Bhau and a descendant of Raghunath Hari Newalkar, the first governor of Jhansi under Maratha rule. He was the husband of Rani Lakshmibai, who became a symbol of resistance to the Company's rule during the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
Schooner
A schooner (/ˈskuːnər/ SKOO-nər) is a type of sailing vessel defined by its fore-and-aft rig on all of two or more masts and the foremast generally being shorter than the mainmast. The most common variants are gaff-rigged and staysail schooners, with the topsail schooner carrying a square topsail on the foremast, and Bermuda and junk-rigs being rarities.: 211 : 26 : 100 : 48

Cayetano Valdés y Flores
Cayetano Valdés y Flores Bazán (28 September 1767 – 6 February 1835) was a Spanish Navy officer and explorer who served in the American Revolutionary War and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, fighting on opposing sides at different times due to the changing fortunes of Spain. He took part in a number of battles, including the Battle of Cape Spartel, the Battle of Cape St. Vincent and the Battle of Trafalgar. He was an explorer, most notable in the Pacific Northwest, where he and Dionisio Alcalá Galiano conducted the first circumnavigation of Vancouver Island, in partial cooperation with George Vancouver. Over his long career he achieved the highest ranks in the Spanish Navy, eventually being named Captain General of Cádiz and Captain General of the Navy.
Mamoiada
Mamoiada (Sardinian: Mamujada) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in the Italian region of Sardinia, located about 110 km (68 mi) north of Cagliari and about 12 km (7 mi) southwest of Nuoro. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,582 and an area of 49.0 square kilometres (18.9 sq mi).

The town is known for its traditional carnival costumes, including distinctive masks worn by the mamuthones and issohadores. The local museum houses some masks also from other part of Sardinia and Europe.

Mamoiada borders the following municipalities: Fonni, Gavoi, Nuoro, Ollolai, Orani, Orgosolo, Sarule.

Ottana
Ottana (Sardinian: Otzàna) is a comune (municipality), former bishopric and Latin titular see in the Province of Nuoro in the Italian region Sardinia. It is located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) north of Cagliari and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Nuoro.

The commune of Ottana borders the following municipalities: Bolotana, Noragugume, Olzai, Orani, Sarule, Sedilo.

The town is known for its traditional carnival costumes, including distinctive masks worn by the Boes, Merdules and Filonzana.
University
A university (from Latin  universitas 'a whole') is an institution of tertiary education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. University is derived from the Latin phrase universitas magistrorum et scholarium, which roughly means "community of teachers and scholars". Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs.

The first universities in Europe developed from schools that had been maintained by the Church for the purpose of educating priests. The University of Bologna (Università di Bologna), Italy, which was founded in 1088, is the first university in the sense of:

being a high degree-awarding institute.

using the word universitas (which was coined at its foundation).

having independence from the ecclesiastic schools and issuing secular as well as non-secular degrees (with teaching conducted by both clergy and non-clergy): grammar, rhetoric, logic, theology, canon law and notarial law.

Monastic school
Monastic schools (Latin: Scholae monasticae) were, along with cathedral schools, the most important institutions of higher learning in the Latin West from the early Middle Ages until the 12th century. Since Cassiodorus's educational program, the standard curriculum incorporated religious studies, the Trivium, and the Quadrivium. In some places monastic schools evolved into medieval universities which eventually largely superseded both institutions as centers of higher learning.
Church Mission Society
The Church Mission Society (CMS), formerly known as the Church Missionary Society, is a British Anglican mission society working internationally with Christians. CMS was founded in 1799, and has given its name "CMS" to a number of daughter organisations around the world, including Australia and New Zealand, which have now become independent.

American Methodist Episcopal Mission
American Methodist Episcopal Mission (AMEM; also known as Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church [MEFB]) was the missionary society of the Methodist Episcopal Church that was involved in sending workers to countries such as Africa, South America, India, Australia and China during the late Qing dynasty.