hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bread
Bread is a baked food product made from water, flour, and often yeast. It is a staple food across the world, particularly in Europe and the Middle East. Throughout recorded history and around the world, it has been an important part of many cultures' diets. It is one of the oldest human-made foods, having been of significance since the dawn of agriculture, and plays an essential role in both religious rituals and secular culture.

Bread may be leavened by naturally occurring microbes (e.g. sourdough), chemicals (e.g. baking soda), industrially produced yeast, or high-pressure aeration, which creates the gas bubbles that fluff up bread. Bread may also be unleavened. In many countries, mass-produced bread often contains additives to improve flavor, texture, color, shelf life, nutrition, and ease of production.

Dipping sauce
A dip or dipping sauce is a common condiment for many types of food. Dips are used to add flavor or texture to a food, such as pita bread, dumplings, crackers, chopped raw vegetables, fruits, seafood, cubed pieces of meat and cheese, potato chips, tortilla chips, falafel, and sometimes even whole sandwiches in the case of jus. Unlike other sauces, instead of applying the sauce to the food, the food is typically placed or dipped into the sauce.

Dips are commonly used for finger foods, appetisers, and other food types. Thick dips based on sour cream, crème fraîche, milk, yogurt, mayonnaise, soft cheese, or beans are a staple of American hors d'oeuvres and are lighter than spreads, which can be thinned to make dips.

Dips in various forms are eaten all over the world and people have been using sauces for dipping for thousands of years.
Ernani
Ernani is an operatic dramma lirico in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Francesco Maria Piave, based on the 1830 play Hernani by Victor Hugo.

Verdi was commissioned by the Teatro La Fenice in Venice to write an opera, but finding the right subject took some time, and the composer worked with the inexperienced Piave in shaping first one and then another drama by Hugo into an acceptable libretto. As musicologist Roger Parker notes, the composer "intervened on several important points, insisting for example that the role of Ernani be sung by a tenor (rather than by a contralto as had originally been planned)".

Ernani was first performed on 9 March 1844, and it was "immensely popular, and was revived countless times during its early years".

It became Verdi's most popular opera until it was superseded by Il trovatore after 1853. In 1903, it became the first opera to be recorded completely.

Salome (opera)
Salome, Op. 54, is an opera in one act by Richard Strauss. The libretto is Hedwig Lachmann's German translation of the 1891 French play Salomé by Oscar Wilde, edited by the composer. Strauss dedicated the opera to his friend Sir Edgar Speyer.

The opera is famous (at the time of its premiere, infamous) for its "Dance of the Seven Veils". The final scene is frequently heard as a concert-piece for dramatic sopranos.
Music director
A music director, musical director or director of music is a person responsible for the musical aspects of a performance, production, or organization. This would include the artistic director and usually chief conductor of an orchestra or concert band, the director of music of a film, the director of music at a radio station, the person in charge of musical activities or the head of the music department in a school, the coordinator of the musical ensembles in a university, college, or institution (but not usually the head of the academic music department), the head bandmaster of a military band, the head organist and choirmaster of a church, or an organist and master of the choristers (the title given to a director of music at a cathedral, particularly in England).

Norddeutsche Philharmonie Rostock
The Norddeutsche Philharmonie Rostock, based in Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany, is the state's largest symphony orchestra and also the orchestra of the Volkstheater Rostock. Founded in 1897, the orchestra grew to 90 musicians by 1991. They were rewarded a prize for ambitious programs in 1993.
Professional wrestling match types
Many types of wrestling matches, sometimes called "gimmick matches" in the jargon of the business, are performed in professional wrestling. Some gimmick matches are more common than others and are often used to advance or conclude a storyline. Throughout professional wrestling's decades-long history, some gimmick matches have spawned many variations of the core concept.

SuperBrawl III
SuperBrawl III was the third SuperBrawl professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Championship Wrestling (WCW). It took place on February 21, 1993 from the Asheville Civic Center in Asheville, North Carolina in the United States.

The main event was a White Castle of Fear Strap match between Big Van Vader and Sting. Vader's WCW World Heavyweight Championship was not on the line in the main event as the match was not sanctioned by WCW. This event marked the return of Ric Flair to WCW and Davey Boy Smith's WCW debut. The event also featured The Great Muta versus Barry Windham for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship.

This was the first WCW pay-per-view with Eric Bischoff as executive producer, though he continued to operate as an announcer on television and his new role was only mentioned in the closing credits of the show.
Hyperpigmentation
Hyperpigmentation is a condition characterized by the darkening of an area of the skin or nails due to an excess production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. This increase in melanin can result from a variety of factors, including sun exposure, inflammation, trauma, certain medications, or underlying medical conditions.

Hyperpigmentation is associated with numerous dermatological disorders and can present in various forms, such as melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and lentigines. It tends to be more prevalent and persistent in individuals with darker skin tones, who have more active melanocytes and are thus more prone to uneven pigmentation.

Hyperkeratosis
Hyperkeratosis is thickening of the stratum corneum (the outermost layer of the epidermis, or skin), often associated with the presence of an abnormal quantity of keratin, and is usually accompanied by an increase in the granular layer. As the corneum layer normally varies greatly in thickness in different sites, some experience is needed to assess minor degrees of hyperkeratosis.

It can be caused by vitamin A deficiency or chronic exposure to arsenic.

Hyperkeratosis can also be caused by B-Raf inhibitor drugs such as vemurafenib and dabrafenib.

It can be treated with urea-containing creams, which dissolve the intercellular matrix of the cells of the stratum corneum, promoting desquamation of scaly skin, eventually resulting in softening of hyperkeratotic areas.
Canton of St. Gallen
The canton of St. Gallen or St Gall (German: Kanton St. Gallen [zaŋkt ˈɡalən] ⓘ; Romansh: Chantun Son Gagl; French: Canton de Saint-Gall; Italian: Canton San Gallo) is a canton of Switzerland. Its capital is St. Gallen.

Located in northeastern Switzerland, the canton has an area of 2,026 km2 (782 sq mi) (5% of Switzerland) and a resident population close to half a million as of 2015 (6% of Switzerland). It was formed in 1803 as a conflation of the city of St. Gallen, the territories of the Abbey of St. Gall and various former subject territories of the Old Swiss Confederacy.

Piz Sardona
Piz Sardona (or Surenstock) is a mountain in the Glarus Alps, on the border between the cantons Glarus and St. Gallen. The 3,056 m (10,026 ft) high mountain overlooks the valleys of Sernf (Glarus) and Calfeisen (St. Gallen). Less than 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) south of the summit lies the tripoint (at 3,000 m [9,800 ft]) between the cantons of Glarus, St. Gallen and Grisons (Graubünden). The summit itself is the northernmost point above 3,000 metres in Switzerland.

The massif is covered by a few small glaciers, with the Sardonagletscher lying near the summit on the east side.

Piz Sardona is in the Glarus thrust area, a geologic UNESCO world heritage site, named "Swiss Tectonic Arena Sardona".

The Foo Pass lies to the north of the Piz Sardona and has a hiking trail from Weisstannen in St. Gallen to Elm in Glarus, forming part of the Alpine Pass Route between Sargans to Montreux.
Mukluk
Mukluks or kamik (Inuktitut: ᑲᒥᒃ [kaˈmik]) (singular: ᑲᒪᒃ kamak, plural: ᑲᒦᑦ kamiit) are soft boots, traditionally made of reindeer (caribou) skin or sealskin, and worn by Indigenous Arctic peoples, including Inuit, Iñupiat, and Yup'ik.

Mukluks may be worn over an inner boot liner and under a protective overshoe. The term mukluk is often used for any soft boot designed for cold weather, and modern designs may use both traditional and modern materials. The word mukluk is of Yup'ik origin, from maklak, the bearded seal, while kamik is an Inuit word.

Amauti
The amauti (also amaut or amautik, plural amautiit) is the parka worn by Inuit women of the eastern area of Northern Canada. Up until about two years of age, the child nestles against the mother's back in the amaut, the built-in baby pouch just below the hood. The pouch is large and comfortable for the baby. The mother can bring the child from back to front for breastfeeding or for eliminatory functions without exposure to the elements. This traditional eastern Arctic Inuit parka, designed to keep the child warm and safe from frostbite, wind and cold, also helps to develop bonding between mother and child.
Billy Howerdel
William L. Howerdel (born May 18, 1970) is an American musician, best known as a founding member, guitarist, backing vocalist, songwriter, and producer for the band A Perfect Circle, as well as for his former solo project, Ashes Divide. Howerdel has recorded six studio albums across his career: four with A Perfect Circle, one under the moniker Ashes Divide, and one under his own name.

Projekt Revolution
Projekt Revolution was a music festival hosted by Linkin Park, bringing artists of various genres of music together. Linkin Park started Projekt Revolution in the year 2002 with just one stage. Then, in 2004, they announced the Revolution Stage (Second Stage) where the smaller bands/artists would perform.
2022 Formula 4 UAE Championship
The 2022 Formula 4 UAE Championship was the sixth season of the Formula 4 UAE Championship, a motor racing series for the United Arab Emirates regulated according to FIA Formula 4 regulations, and organised and promoted by the Emirates Motorsport Organization (EMSO) and AUH Motorsports. This was the first season of using Tatuus F4-T421 chassis.

It commenced on 20 January at Yas Marina Circuit and concluded at the same venue on 19 February.

2022 Italian F4 Championship
The 2022 Italian F4 Championship Powered by Abarth was the ninth season of the Italian F4 Championship. The series moved onto new generation of the Formula 4 cars, continuing its collaboration with Tatuus and Abarth.
Excélsior
Excélsior is a daily newspaper in Mexico City. It is the second-oldest paper in the city after El Universal, printing its first issue on March 18, 1917.

The newspaper's headquarters were formerly located at Avenida Bucareli 1 in Colonia Juárez, Mexico City, at the intersection between that avenue and Paseo de la Reforma, which is known as Esquina de la Información (the "Information Corner" or "News Corner" in Spanish), since the headquarters of El Universal are also within this area. The first historic building of its headquarters is located between Paseo de la Reforma 18 and Avenida Bucareli 17, next to the modern building.

Novedades de México
Novedades de México is a newspaper published in Mexico City. The newspaper was founded by Rómulo O'Farril, and its ownership remains in his family.

The newspaper published an English language sister paper called The News until 2002.

Rosario Sansores Prén, Lolo de la Torriente, and others have written articles for this newspaper.
In vitro
In vitro (meaning in glass, or in the glass) studies are performed with cells or biological molecules outside their normal biological context.  Colloquially called "test-tube experiments", these studies in biology and its subdisciplines are traditionally done in labware such as test tubes, flasks, Petri dishes, and microtiter plates. Studies conducted using components of an organism that have been isolated from their usual biological surroundings permit a more detailed or more convenient analysis than can be done with whole organisms; however, results obtained from in vitro experiments may not fully or accurately predict the effects on a whole organism.  In contrast to in vitro experiments, in vivo studies are those conducted in living organisms, including humans, known as clinical trials, and whole plants.

Micropropagation
Micropropagation or tissue culture is the practice of rapidly multiplying plant stock material to produce many progeny plants, using modern plant tissue culture methods.

Micropropagation is used to multiply a wide variety of plants, such as those that have been genetically modified or bred through conventional plant breeding methods. It is also used to provide a sufficient number of plantlets for planting from seedless plants, plants that do not respond well to vegetative reproduction or where micropropagation is the cheaper means of propagating (e.g. Orchids). Cornell University botanist Frederick Campion Steward discovered and pioneered micropropagation and plant tissue culture in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexane is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula C6H12. Cyclohexane is non-polar. Cyclohexane is a colourless, flammable liquid with a distinctive detergent-like odor, reminiscent of cleaning products (in which it is sometimes used). Cyclohexane is mainly used for the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, which are precursors to nylon.

Cyclohexyl (C6H11) is the alkyl substituent of cyclohexane and is abbreviated Cy.

Alicyclic compound
In organic chemistry, an alicyclic compound contains one or more all-carbon rings which may be either saturated or unsaturated, but do not have aromatic character. Alicyclic compounds may have one or more aliphatic side chains attached.
Mar del Plata
Mar del Plata is a city of the Atlantic Coast, in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is the seat of General Pueyrredón district. Mar del Plata is the second largest city in Buenos Aires Province. The name "Mar del Plata"  is short for "Mar del Río de la Plata," and means "sea of the Río de la Plata basin" or "adjoining sea to the (River) Plate region." Mar del Plata is one of the major fishing ports and the biggest seaside beach resort in Argentina.
With a population of 682,605 as per the 2022 census [INDEC], it is the 5th largest city in Argentina.

Río Grande, Tierra del Fuego
Río Grande (English: Big River) is a city in Argentina, on the north coast of the eastern part of the Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego. It has a population of 98,017, and is the industrial capital of the Tierra del Fuego Province. It is located 212 kilometres (132 mi) north-east of Ushuaia, the capital of the province.

It is served by Hermes Quijada International Airport.
Reformed Theological Seminary
Reformed Christianity portal

Reformed Theological Seminary (RTS) is a theological seminary in the Reformed theological tradition with campuses in multiple locations in the United States. Founded by conservatives in the Southern Presbyterian Church, the Presbyterian Church in the United States, 1966, serves primarily students from more conservative branches of the Presbyterian and Reformed traditions.

Whitefield Theological Seminary
Whitefield Theological Seminary is an unaccredited distance education Reformed theological seminary in Lakeland, Florida, United States. A conservative confessional institution, it teaches from the Reformed perspective of Protestant Christianity. The seminary holds to the Westminster Standards which includes the Confession of 1647, Larger and Shorter Catechism. Courses of study are offered on-site at the seminary's Lakeland offices but primarily through distance learning.

The seminary is affiliated with the Association of Reformed Theological Seminaries. Its website states that "all degree programs are designed for use in conjunction with church-related ministries". The school derives its name from 18th century revivalist George Whitefield. Founder and first president Kenneth Gary Talbot died on August 18, 2022. Mr. Jason L. Bradfield, M.A., has served as interim president since September 5, 2022.
Alfred Hitchcock Presents
Alfred Hitchcock Presents is an American television anthology series created, hosted and produced by Alfred Hitchcock, airing on CBS and NBC, alternately, between 1955 and 1965. It features dramas, thrillers, and mysteries. In 1962, it was renamed The Alfred Hitchcock Hour. Hitchcock directed only 17 episodes during its run.

By the time the show premiered on October 2, 1955, Hitchcock had been directing films for over three decades. In the 21st century, Time magazine named Alfred Hitchcock Presents as one of "The 100 Best TV Shows of All Time". The Writers Guild of America ranked it #79 on their list of the 101 Best-Written TV Series, tying it with Monty Python's Flying Circus, Star Trek: The Next Generation and Upstairs, Downstairs. In 2021, Rolling Stone ranked it 18th on its list of 30 Best Horror TV Shows of All Time.

Dragnet (1967 TV series)
Dragnet is an American crime drama television series starring Jack Webb and Harry Morgan which ran for four seasons, from January 12, 1967, to April 16, 1970. To differentiate it from the earlier 1950s Dragnet television series, the year in which each season ended was made part of the on-screen title—the series started as Dragnet 1967 and ended as Dragnet 1970. The entire series aired Thursdays at 9:30–10:00 pm (ET) and was directed by Jack Webb.

All four seasons of this series have been released on DVD; Season 1 ("Dragnet 1967") by Universal Studios Home Entertainment, and seasons 2 ("1968"), 3 ("1969") and 4 ("1970") by Shout! Factory.

This was the second television series in a Dragnet media franchise encompassing film, television, books and comics. It has the distinction of being one of the first examples of a discontinued American TV series being revived years later with some original cast members.
Montgomery County, Kentucky
Montgomery County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 28,114. Its county seat is Mount Sterling. With regard to the sale of alcohol, it is classified as a moist county—a county in which alcohol sales are prohibited (a dry county), but containing a "wet" city where package alcohol sales are allowed, in this case Mount Sterling. Montgomery County is part of the Mount Sterling, KY Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Lexington-Fayette–Richmond–Frankfort, KY combined statistical area.

Fleming County, Kentucky
Fleming County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,082.  Its county seat is Flemingsburg. The county was formed in 1798 and named for Colonel John Fleming, an Indian fighter and early settler. It is a moist county.
In 1998, the Kentucky General Assembly designated Fleming County as the Covered Bridge Capital of Kentucky.
STS-78
STS-78 was the fifth dedicated Life and Microgravity Spacelab mission for the Space Shuttle program, flown partly in preparation for the International Space Station project. The mission used the Space Shuttle Columbia, which lifted off successfully from Kennedy Space Center's Launch Pad 39B on June 20, 1996. This marked the 78th flight of the Space Shuttle and 20th mission for Columbia.

STS-90
STS-90 was a 1998 Space Shuttle mission flown by the Space Shuttle Columbia. The 16-day mission marked the last flight of the European Space Agency's Spacelab laboratory module, which had first flown on Columbia on STS-9, and was also the last daytime landing for Columbia.
Chick Corea
Armando Anthony "Chick" Corea (June 12, 1941 – February 9, 2021) was an American jazz pianist, composer, bandleader, and occasional percussionist. His compositions "Spain", "500 Miles High", "La Fiesta", "Armando's Rhumba", and "Windows" are considered jazz standards.

As a member of the Miles Davis band in the late 1960s, Corea participated in the birth of jazz fusion. In the 1970s he formed Return to Forever. Along with McCoy Tyner, Herbie Hancock and Keith Jarrett, Corea is considered one of the foremost pianists of the post-John Coltrane era.

Corea continued to collaborate frequently while exploring different musical styles throughout the 1980s and 1990s. He won 29 Grammy Awards and has been nominated for the award 79 times.

Frank Gambale
Frank Gambale (/ɡæmˈbɑːlɪ/ gam-BAH-lee; born 22 December 1958) is an Australian jazz fusion guitarist. He has released twenty albums over a period of three decades, and is known for his use of the sweep picking and economy picking techniques.
Teutonic Order
The Teutonic Order is a Catholic religious institution founded as a military society c. 1190 in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem. The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem was formed to aid Christians on their pilgrimages to the Holy Land and to establish hospitals. Its members have commonly been known as the Teutonic Knights, having historically served as a crusading military order for supporting Catholic rule in the Holy Land and the Northern Crusades during the Middle Ages, as well as supplying military protection for Catholics in Eastern Europe.

Purely religious since 1810, the Teutonic Order still confers limited honorary knighthoods. The Bailiwick of Utrecht of the Teutonic Order, a Protestant chivalric order, is descended from the same medieval military order and also continues to award knighthoods and perform charitable work.

Casimir I of Kuyavia
Casimir I of Kuyavia (Polish: Kazimierz I kujawski; c. 1211 – 14 December 1267) was a Polish prince and a member of the House of Piast. He was Duke of Kujawy after 1233, ruler over Ląd from 1239-1261, ruler over Wyszogród after 1242, Duke of Sieradz from 1247-1261, Duke of Łęczyca after 1247, and Duke of Dobrzyń after 1248.

He was the second son of Konrad I of Masovia and his wife Agafia of Rus. He was probably named after his grandfather, Casimir II the Just.
1910–11 Prima Categoria
The 1910-11 Prima Categoria season was the fourteenth of the Italian Football Championship and the eighth since the re-brand to Prima Categoria. Champions for the third time in four season and regaining the title after their protest the season before were Pro Vercelli.

1920–21 Prima Categoria
The 1920-21 Prima Categoria season was the twentieth of the Italian Football Championship and the fourteenth since the re-brand to Prima Categoria. The 1920–21 Italian Football Championship was the sixth won by Pro Vercelli.
Brandon Pettigrew
Brandon Dennard Pettigrew (born February 23, 1985) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Oklahoma State Cowboys. He was selected in the first round (20th overall) of the 2009 NFL draft by the Detroit Lions, and spent his entire 8-year career with the team.

Anthony Hitchens
Anthony Hitchens (born June 10, 1992) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Iowa Hawkeyes and was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the fourth round of the 2014 NFL draft.