hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Species distribution
Species distribution, or species dispersion, is the manner in which a biological taxon is spatially arranged. The geographic limits of a particular taxon's distribution is its range, often represented as shaded areas on a map. Patterns of distribution change depending on the scale at which they are viewed, from the arrangement of individuals within a small family unit, to patterns within a population, or the distribution of the entire species as a whole (range). Species distribution is not to be confused with dispersal, which is the movement of individuals away from their region of origin or from a population center of high density.

Plant litter
Plant litter (also leaf litter, tree litter, soil litter, litterfall, or duff) is dead plant material (such as leaves, bark, needles, twigs, and cladodes) that has fallen to the ground. This detritus or dead organic material and its constituent nutrients are added to the top layer of soil, commonly known as the litter layer or O-horizon ("O" for "organic"). Litter is an important factor in ecosystem dynamics, as it is indicative of ecological productivity and may be useful in predicting regional nutrient cycling and soil fertility.
Pembroke's Men
The Earl of Pembroke's Men was an Elizabethan era playing company, or troupe of actors, in English Renaissance theatre. They functioned under the patronage of Henry Herbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. Early and equivocal mentions of a Pembroke's company reach as far back as 1575; but the company is known for certain to have been in existence in 1592. In that year, a share in the company was valued at £80 (more than William Shakespeare would pay for New Place in Stratford-upon-Avon five years later).

Queen Elizabeth's Men
Queen Elizabeth's Men was a playing company or troupe of actors in English Renaissance theatre. Formed in 1583 at the express command of Queen Elizabeth, it was the dominant acting company for the rest of the 1580s, as the Admiral's Men and the Lord Chamberlain's Men would be in the decade that followed.
2020–21 Federation Cup (Bangladesh)
The 2020–21 Federation Cup (due to sponsorship from Walton also known as Walton Federation Cup 2020) was the 32nd edition of the tournament, the main domestic annual club football competition in Bangladesh organized by Bangladesh Football Federation. The 13 participants is competing in the tournament. The tournament has started on 22 December 2020. The winner of the tournament will earn the slot of playing Qualifying play-off of 2022 AFC Cup.

Bashundhara Kings are current champions. The club have defeated Rahmatganj MFS by 2–1 on 5 January  2020 to lift the trophy for the first time.

2020–21 Bangladesh Premier League (football)
The 2020–21 Bangladesh Premier League, also known as the TVS Bangladesh Premier League for sponsorship reasons, was the 13th season of the Bangladesh Premier League since its establishment in 2007. A total of 13 football clubs are competing  in the league. The country's top-flight football competition, Bangladesh Premier League 2020–21 season is kicked off on January 13 after 10 months.

The previous season was abandoned due to COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. Bashundhara Kings are the defending champions as 2018–19 season winner.
Benny Andersson
Göran Bror Benny Andersson KVO1kl (Swedish: [ˈbɛ̌nːʏ ˈânːdɛˌʂɔn] ⓘ; born 16 December 1946) is a Swedish musician, composer and producer best known as a member of the pop group ABBA and co-composer of the musicals Chess, Kristina från Duvemåla, and Mamma Mia! For the 2008 film version of Mamma Mia! and its 2018 sequel, Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again, he also worked as an executive producer. Since 2001, he has been active with his own band Benny Anderssons orkester.

Abbacadabra
ABBAcadabra is a French children's musical based on songs from the pop group ABBA. It was originally produced for French television in 1983 by Alain Boublil and Daniel Boublil, which was later also transferred to an English stage version and two other television programs. The story was not always the same as the selection of the chosen songs varied by productions.
Royal Thai General System of Transcription
The Royal Thai General System of Transcription (RTGS) is the official system for rendering Thai words in the Latin script. It was published by the Royal Institute of Thailand in early 1917, when Thailand was called Siam.

It is used in road signs and government publications and is the closest method to a standard of transcription for Thai, but its use, even by the government, is inconsistent. The system is almost identical to the one that is defined by ISO 11940-2.

Order of the Crown of Thailand
The Most Noble Order of the Crown of Thailand (Thai: เครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์อันมีเกียรติยศยิ่งมงกุฎไทย; RTGS: Khrueang Ratcha-itsariyaphon An Mi Kiattiyot Ying Mongkut Thai) is a Thai order, established in 1869 by King Rama V of The Kingdom of Siam (now Thailand) for Thais, the royal family, governmental employees, and foreign dignitaries for their outstanding services to the Kingdom of Thailand. The order originally had seven classes. The special class was added by King Rama VI in 1918. Formerly called The Most Noble Order of the Crown of Siam.
Weymouth F.C.
Weymouth Football Club is a semi-professional association football club based in the town of Weymouth, Dorset, England. They currently compete in the Southern League Premier Division South, the seventh level of the English football league system. Nicknamed the Terras due to their terracotta strip, they play their home matches at the Bob Lucas Stadium. The club is affiliated to the Dorset County Football Association and is an FA chartered Standard club.

Horden Community Welfare F.C.
Horden Community Welfare Football Club is a football club based in Horden, County Durham, England. The club was formed as Horden Athletic in 1907, changing its name to Horden Welfare in 1928, and joined the North Eastern League in 1935, reaching the second round of the FA Cup in the 1938–39 season. After the assets of the original Colliery Welfare were transferred to a new club in Darlington in 2016, Community Welfare was formed in 2017 and has regained the former club's place in the Northern League.

They are currently members of the Northern League Division One and play at Welfare Park in Horden. The ground has one stand, which consists of mainly seating, however below this there is some terracing as well.
Spar torpedo
A spar torpedo is a weapon consisting of a bomb placed at the end of a long pole, or spar, and attached to a boat. It was used by driving the spar directly into an enemy vessel. These torpedoes often had a barbed tip so they could lodge into wooden hulls, after which a fuse would be triggered to cause the explosion.

Naval ram
A naval ram is a weapon fitted to varied types of ships, dating back to antiquity. The weapon comprised an underwater prolongation of the bow of the ship to form an armoured beak, usually between 2 and 4 meters (6.6 and 13.1 ft) in length. This would be driven into the hull of an enemy ship to puncture, sink or disable it.
Loire (department)
Loire (/lwɑːr/; French pronunciation: [lwaʁ]; Arpitan: Lêre; Occitan: Léger or Leir) is a landlocked department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France occupying the river Loire's upper reaches. Its prefecture is Saint-Étienne. It had a population of 765,634 in 2019.

Gard
Gard (French pronunciation: [ɡaʁ] ⓘ) is a department in Southern France, located in the region of Occitanie. It had a population of 748,437 as of 2019; its prefecture is Nîmes.

The department is named after the river Gardon. In recent decades of the twenty-first century, local administration and French speakers have returned to the original Occitan name of the river, Gard (Occitan pronunciation: [gaɾ]). It is part of a revival of Occitan culture.
Chancellor of Germany
The chancellor of Germany, officially the federal chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, is the head of the federal government of Germany. The chancellor is the chief executive of the Federal Cabinet and heads the executive branch. The chancellor is elected by the Bundestag on the proposal of the federal president and without debate (Article 63 of the German Constitution). During a state of defence declared by the Bundestag the chancellor also assumes the position of commander-in-chief of the Bundeswehr.

Ten people (nine men and one woman) have served as chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, the first being Konrad Adenauer from 1949 to 1963. (Another 26 men had served as "Reich chancellors" of the previous German Empire from 1871 to 1945.) The current officeholder is Friedrich Merz of the Christian Democratic Union, sworn in on 6 May 2025.

Katarina Barley
Katarina Barley (born 19 November 1968) is a German politician and lawyer who has been a Member of the European Parliament since 2019, serving as one of its Vice-Presidents. She served as Federal Minister of Justice and Consumer Protection in the fourth Cabinet of Angela Merkel. Prior to that, she had served as Federal Minister of Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth and since 28 September 2017 also as the acting Federal Minister of Labour and Social Affairs, both until 14 March 2018.

A member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, Barley served as a member of the Bundestag from 2013 until 2019 and was Secretary-General of her party from 2015 to 2017. She holds law degrees from France and Germany and a doctorate in European law, and formerly worked as a corporate lawyer with the law firm Wessing & Berenberg-Gossler in Hamburg, as a judge and as a governmental legal adviser. Barley holds citizenship of both Germany and Britain.
Seaforth Highlanders
The Seaforth Highlanders (Ross-shire Buffs, the Duke of Albany's) was a line infantry regiment of the British Army, mainly associated with large areas of the northern Highlands of Scotland. The regiment existed from 1881 to 1961, and saw service in World War I and World War II, along with many smaller conflicts. In 1961 the regiment was amalgamated with the Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders to form the Queen's Own Highlanders (Seaforth and Camerons), which merged, in 1994, with the Gordon Highlanders to form the Highlanders (Seaforth, Gordons and Camerons). This later joined the Royal Scots Borderers, the Black Watch, the Royal Highland Fusiliers and the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders to create the present Royal Regiment of Scotland.

154th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 154th Infantry Brigade was a formation of Britain's Territorial Force/Territorial Army that was part of 51st (Highland) Division in both World Wars. From its origins in the 19th Century Volunteer Force, it was based in Stirling and was composed of Highland battalions. It served on the Western Front in World War I, and after it escaped from France early in World War II it was reformed from its 2nd Line and saw action in North Africa, Sicily and Northwest Europe. It continued serving postwar until the reduction of the Territorial Army in the 1960s.
2010–11 Israel State Cup
The 2010–11 Israel State Cup (Hebrew: גביע המדינה, Gvia HaMedina) was the 72nd season of Israel's nationwide football cup competition and the 57th after the Israeli Declaration of Independence. It began on 3 September 2010, while the final was held in Ramat Gan Stadium on 25 May 2011.

The competition was won by Hapoel Tel Aviv, who had beaten Maccabi Haifa in the final.

By winning, Hapoel Tel Aviv qualified for the 2011–12 UEFA Europa League, entering in the third qualifying round.

2011–12 Israel State Cup
The 2011–12 Israel State Cup (Hebrew: גביע המדינה, Gvia HaMedina) was the 73rd season of Israel's nationwide football cup competition and the 58th after the Israeli Declaration of Independence. It began on 2 September 2011, while the final was held in Ramat Gan Stadium on 15 May 2012.

The competition was won by Hapoel Tel Aviv, who had beaten Maccabi Haifa 2–1 in the final. With this victory, Hapoel Tel Aviv won the cup for the third year in a row, equalizing its own record of consecutive titles, set between 1937 and 1939.

By winning, Hapoel Tel Aviv qualified for the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League, entering in the Play-off round.
Burglary
Burglary, also called breaking and entering (B&E) or housebreaking, is a property crime involving the illegal entry into a building or other area without permission, typically with the intention of committing a further criminal offence. Usually that offence is theft, larceny, robbery, or murder, but most jurisdictions include others within the ambit of burglary. To commit burglary is to burgle, a term back-formed from the word burglar, or to burglarize.

Serial rapist
A serial rapist is someone who commits multiple rapes, whether with multiple victims or a single victim repeatedly over a period of time. Some serial rapists target children. The terms sexual predator, repeat rape and multiple offending can also be used to describe the activities of those who commit a number of consecutive rapes, but remain unprosecuted when self-reported in research. Others will commit their assaults in prisons.

In some instances, a group of serial rapists will work together.  These rapists can have a pattern of behavior that is sometimes used to predict their activities and aid in their arrest and conviction. Serial rapists also differ from one-time offenders because "serial rapists more often involved kidnapping, verbally and physically threatening the victims, and using or threatening the use of weapons."
Methyl group
In organic chemistry, a methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms, having chemical formula CH3 (whereas normal methane has the formula CH4). In formulas, the group is often abbreviated as Me. This hydrocarbon group occurs in many organic compounds. It is a very stable group in most molecules. While the methyl group is usually part of a larger molecule, bonded to the rest of the molecule by a single covalent bond (−CH3), it can be found on its own in any of three forms: methanide anion (CH−3), methylium cation (CH+3) or methyl radical (CH•3). The anion has eight valence electrons, the radical seven and the cation six. All three forms are highly reactive and rarely observed.

Halogenation
In chemistry, halogenation is a chemical reaction which introduces one or more halogens into a chemical compound. Halide-containing compounds are pervasive, making this type of transformation important, e.g. in the production of polymers, drugs. This kind of conversion is in fact so common that a comprehensive overview is challenging. This article mainly deals with halogenation using elemental halogens (F2, Cl2, Br2, I2). Halides are also commonly introduced using halide salts and hydrogen halide acids. Many specialized reagents exist for introducing halogens into diverse substrates, e.g. thionyl chloride.
Seattle Thunderbirds
The Seattle Thunderbirds are a major junior ice hockey team based in the city of Kent, Washington. They are part of the U.S. Division of the Western Conference in the Western Hockey League. Founded in 1971 as the Vancouver Nats, the team arrived in Seattle in 1977 and played as the Breakers until 1985, when they adopted the Thunderbirds name. The team played in Seattle for three decades before moving to the accesso ShoWare Center in nearby Kent in 2008. The Thunderbirds are two-time WHL champions, with their most recent title coming in 2023.

Kootenay Ice
The Kootenay Ice  (officially stylized as ICE) were a Canadian major junior ice hockey team based in Cranbrook, British Columbia, competing in the Western Hockey League (WHL) and playing its home games at Western Financial Place. The franchise, which began as the Edmonton Ice before moving to Cranbrook in 1998, was owned by Ed Chynoweth from 1995 until it was sold to Winnipeg-based company 50 Below Sports and Entertainment in 2017. The team won three WHL championships and one Memorial Cup title as Canadian junior champions. Despite the club's on-ice success, the Ice moved to Winnipeg, Manitoba in 2019, where they were known as the Winnipeg Ice.
Vlissingen
Vlissingen (Dutch: [ˈvlɪsɪŋə(n)] ⓘ; Zeelandic: Vlissienge) is a municipality and a city in the southwestern Netherlands on the island of Walcheren. With its strategic location between the Scheldt river and the North Sea, Vlissingen has been an important harbour for centuries. It was granted city rights in 1315. In the 17th century the roadstead of Vlissingen was a main harbour for ships of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). It is also known as the birthplace of Lieutenant-Admiral Michiel de Ruyter.

Vlissingen is mainly noted for the yards on the Scheldt where most of the ships of the Royal Netherlands Navy (Koninklijke Marine) are built.

Queenborough
Queenborough is a town on the Isle of Sheppey in the Swale borough of Kent in South East England.

Queenborough is two miles (3 km) south of Sheerness. It grew as a port near the Thames Estuary at the westward entrance to the Swale where it joins the River Medway. It is in the Sittingbourne and Sheppey parliamentary constituency.

Queenborough Harbour offers moorings between the Thames and Medway. It is possible to land at Queenborough on any tide and there are boat builders and chandlers in the marina. Admiral Lord Nelson is reputed to have learned many of his seafaring skills in these waters, and also shared a house near the small harbour with his mistress, Lady Hamilton.

Queenborough today still reflects something of its original 18th-century seafaring history, from which period most of its more prominent buildings survive. The church is the sole surviving feature from the medieval period. The town was first represented by two members of parliament in 1572.
Omagh West
Omagh West (named after Omagh town) is a barony  in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is bordered by three other baronies in Northern Ireland: Strabane Lower to the north-east; Omagh East to the east; and Lurg to the south. It also borders two baronies in County Donegal in the Republic of Ireland: Tirhugh to the south-west; and Raphoe South to the north-west.

Urney, County Tyrone
Urney (Irish: An Urnaí, meaning 'Place of Prayer') is a townland (of 188 acres) and civil parish in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. Both townland and parish are situated in the historic barony of Strabane Lower. It lies within the Derry City and Strabane area.

Urney is notable as being the first manufacturing location of Urney Chocolates, established in 1919.

It was also the birthplace of William Burke, notorious for the Burke and Hare murders.
New Zealand smelt
The New Zealand smelt (Retropinna retropinna), also known as the New Zealand common smelt, New Zealand cucumber fish, or silveries is a smelt of the family Retropinnidae, found only in New Zealand at shallow depths in estuaries and rivers. Their length is between 8 and 13 cm.

Banded kōkopu
The banded kōkopu (Galaxias fasciatus) is a galaxiid of the genus Galaxias, found only in New Zealand, including the Chatham and Stewart / Rakiura islands. It commonly grows to 20–25 cm, but has been recorded growing to around 30 cm. Juvenile banded kōkopu are good climbers and can climb up waterfalls and other vertical surfaces by moving into the splash zone and wriggling up the surface, using the water surface tension and their large downturned fins for grip.
Harry Vardon
Henry William Vardon (9 May 1870 – 20 March 1937) was a professional golfer from Jersey. He was a member of the Great Triumvirate with John Henry Taylor and James Braid. Vardon won The Open Championship a record six times, and also won the 1900 U.S. Open. Known as "the Stylist," Vardon's success, as well as his contributions to technique and the sport's fashion, made him golf's first international star and significantly elevated the prestige of the professional golfer. With his total of seven, Vardon holds the most major championships of any golfer from the British Isles.

Royal St George's Golf Club
The Royal St George's Golf Club is a golf club located in Sandwich, Kent, England. It is one of the courses on The Open Championship rota, and the only one in South East England. The club has hosted 15 Open championships, the first in 1894 when it became the first club outside Scotland to host the championship. Past champions include Collin Morikawa, Darren Clarke, Ben Curtis, Greg Norman, Sandy Lyle, Bill Rogers, Bobby Locke, Reg Whitcombe, Henry Cotton, Walter Hagen (on two occasions), Harry Vardon (on two occasions), Jack White and John Henry Taylor. In 2021, Royal St. George's saw Collin Morikawa win The Open Championship. It has also hosted The Amateur Championship 14 times.
2023 World Athletics Indoor Tour
The 2023 World Athletics Indoor Tour was the eighth edition of the World Athletics Indoor Tour, the highest series of international track and field indoor meetings.

The tour expanded in 2022 with the introduction of four tiers of competition labelled Gold, Silver, Bronze and Challenger in a mirror of the outdoor World Athletics Continental Tour. In 2023, the addition of further events means the tour now comprising 54 meetings in Europe, North America and Asia, and retains seven gold standard events, five in Europe and two in the United States.

For 2023 the Gold level scoring disciplines were: the men's 400m, 1500m, 60m, hurdles, high jump and long jump, as well as the women's 60m, 800m, 3000/5000m, pole vault, triple jump and shot put.

2024 World Athletics Indoor Tour
The 2024 World Athletics Indoor Tour was the ninth edition of the World Athletics Indoor Tour, the highest series of international indoor track and field meetings.

The tour returned with the same number of meetings as the previous year, with 54 meetings across Europe, North America, and Asia, seven of which comprise the highest tier of events labelled Gold. Below the top tier, there were three other tiers labelled Silver, Bronze, and Challenger mirroring the outdoor World Athletics Continental Tour.

The international media rights for the tour was covered by Infront Sports & Media as part of a deal extending through the end of 2029.

For 2024, the Gold level scoring disciplines were the men's 60m, 800m, 3000/5000m, triple jump, shot put and pole vault, as well as the women's 400m, 1500m, 60m hurdles, long jump, and high jump. The 2024 edition of the tour was formally announced on 27 October 2023.
John Horton Conway
John Horton Conway FRS (26 December 1937 – 11 April 2020) was an English mathematician. He was active in the theory of finite groups, knot theory, number theory, combinatorial game theory and coding theory. He also made contributions to many branches of recreational mathematics, most notably the invention of the cellular automaton called the Game of Life.

Born and raised in Liverpool, Conway spent the first half of his career at the University of Cambridge before moving to the United States, where he held the John von Neumann Professorship at Princeton University for the rest of his career. On 11 April 2020, at age 82, he died of complications from COVID-19.

William Thurston
William Paul Thurston (October 30, 1946 – August 21, 2012) was an American mathematician. He was a pioneer in the field of low-dimensional topology and was awarded the Fields Medal in 1982 for his contributions to the study of 3-manifolds.

Thurston was a professor of mathematics at Princeton University, University of California, Davis, and Cornell University. He was also a director of the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute.