hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Barnstable County, Massachusetts
Barnstable County is a county in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. At the 2020 census, the population was 228,996. The county seat is Barnstable. The county consists of Cape Cod and associated islands (some adjacent islands are in Dukes County and Nantucket County). Barnstable County was formed within the Plymouth Colony on June 2, 1685, including the towns of Falmouth, Sandwich, and others to the east and north on Cape Cod. Plymouth Colony was merged into the Province of Massachusetts Bay in 1691.

Massachusetts State Police
The Massachusetts State Police (MSP) is an agency of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts' Executive Office of Public Safety and Security, responsible for law enforcement and vehicle regulation across the state. The MSP is known in the common local vernacular as The Staties, whose officers are referred to as Staties. As of 2024, it has 2,500 sworn troopers and 611 civilian support staff for a total of 3,111 personnel, making it the largest law enforcement agency in New England. The MSP is headed by Colonel Geoffrey Noble, the first colonel to not come from State Police ranks.
Mike Rama
Michael Lopez Rama (born October 28, 1954) is a Filipino politician and lawyer who served as the 26th Mayor of Cebu City from 2021 to 2024, and previously from 2010 to 2016. He also previously served as the 16th Vice Mayor (2001-2010, 2019-2021) and City Councilor from the 2nd (South) District (1992-2001).

In October 2024, the Ombudsman dismissed Rama as mayor and permanently disqualified him from public office after finding him guilty of nepotism and grave misconduct. Rama was dismissed and permanently disqualified a second time on January 3, 2025 due to illegally awarding garbage collection contracts without going through the legally-required bidding processes.

Rama is the father of Cebu City Councilor Mikel Rama and the uncle of Cebu City South District Rep. Eduardo Rama Jr.

2007 Cebu City local elections
Local elections were held in Cebu City on May 14, 2007 within the Philippine general election. Registered voters of the city elected candidates for the following elective local posts: mayor, vice mayor, district representatives, and eight councilors for each district. There are two legislative districts in the city.
Laurens County, Georgia
Laurens County is a county located in the central part of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 49,570, up from 48,434 in 2010. The county seat is Dublin. The county was founded on December 10, 1807, and named after Lieutenant Colonel John Laurens, an American soldier and statesman from South Carolina during the American Revolutionary War.

Laurens County is part of the Dublin micropolitan statistical area.

Jeff Davis County, Georgia
Jeff Davis County is a county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,779. The county seat is Hazlehurst. The county was created on August 18, 1905, and named for Jefferson Davis, the only Confederate president.
Alicia, Zamboanga Sibugay
Alicia, officially the Municipality of Alicia (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Alicia; Chavacano: Municipalidad de Alicia; Tagalog: Bayan ng Alicia; Maguindanao: Inged nu Alicia; Maranao: Inged a Alicia; Tausug: Lupah Alicia), is a municipality in the province of Zamboanga Sibugay, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 39,456 people. Alicia is the gateway to Olutanga Island via Guicam Port in Brgy. Guicam where the Guicam Bridge will soon rise.

Mabuhay, Zamboanga Sibugay
Mabuhay, officially the Municipality of Mabuhay (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Mabuhay; Chavacano: Municipalidad de Mabuhay; Tagalog: Bayan ng Mabuhay), is a municipality in the province of Zamboanga Sibugay, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 37,390 people.

The municipality is located in the northeastern part of Olutanga Island.
Saint-Pierre, Réunion
Saint-Pierre (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ pjɛʁ] ⓘ; Reunionese Creole: Sin-Pyè) is the third-largest commune in the French overseas department and region of Réunion. Located on the southwest side of the island, it is the headquarters of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.

Saint-Joseph, Réunion
Saint-Joseph (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʒozɛf] ⓘ) is a commune in the French overseas department of Réunion. It is located on the extreme south end of the island of Réunion. As such, it features the southernmost point of the European Union. The village Vincendo is part of the commune.
ICC Birmingham
The International Convention Centre (ICC) is a major conference venue in Birmingham, England. The centre incorporates Symphony Hall and faces Centenary Square, with another entrance leading to the canals of Birmingham. The Westside area, which includes Brindleyplace, is opposite the building on the other side of the canal. The centre is owned and operated by the NEC Group, who is also responsible for the nearby Arena Birmingham, just to the west of the complex.

National Sea Life Centre, Birmingham
The National Sea Life Centre is an aquarium with over 60 displays of freshwater and marine life in Brindleyplace, Birmingham, England. Its ocean tank has a capacity of 1,000,000 litres (220,000 imp gal) of water and houses giant green sea turtles, blacktip reef sharks and tropical reef fish, with the only fully transparent 360-degree underwater tunnel in the United Kingdom. The building was designed by Sir Norman Foster.
Sloop-of-war
During the 18th and 19th centuries, a sloop-of-war was a warship of the Royal Navy with a single gun deck that carried up to 18 guns. The rating system of the Royal Navy covered all vessels with 20 or more guns; thus, the term encompassed all unrated warships, including gun-brigs and cutters. In technical terms, even the more specialised bomb vessels and fire ships were classed by the Royal Navy as sloops-of-war, and in practice these were employed in the role of a sloop-of-war when not carrying out their specialised functions.

In World War I and World War II, the Royal Navy reused the term "sloop" for specialised convoy-defence vessels, including the Flower class of the First World War and the highly successful Black Swan class of the Second World War, with anti-aircraft and anti-submarine capabilities. They performed similar duties to the destroyer escorts of the United States Navy, and also performed similar duties to the smaller corvettes of the Royal Navy.

HMS Calypso (1805)
HMS Calypso was a Royal Navy Cruizer-class brig-sloop. She was built at Deptford Wharf between 1804 and 1805, and launched in 1805. She served in the North Sea and the Baltic, most notably at the Battle of Lyngør, which effectively ended the Gunboat War. Calypso was broken up in March 1821.
2015–16 Serbian SuperLiga
The 2015–16 Serbian SuperLiga is the tenth season of the Serbian SuperLiga,  the top tier of league football in Serbia. The season started on 17 July 2015 and finished on 21 May 2016. Partizan were the defending champions.

2020–21 Serbian SuperLiga
The 2020–21 Serbian SuperLiga  (known as the Linglong Tire SuperLiga for sponsorship reasons) was the fifteenth of the Serbian SuperLiga.  Red Star were the defending champions from the previous season.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the 2019–20 Serbian SuperLiga season, no club has been relegated to the Serbian First League, and four clubs from the 2019–20 Serbian First League were promoted to the 2020–21 Serbian SuperLiga.
Shutter lag
In photography, shutter lag is the delay between triggering the shutter and when the photograph is actually recorded, which includes all lag between when the shutter button is pressed and when the photo is taken, including metering and focus lag. it can be mitigated to an extent by pre-focusing and readying for action.

Nobukazu Teranishi
Nobukazu Teranishi (寺西 信一, Teranishi Nobukazu; born 1953) is a Japanese engineer who researches image sensors, and is known for inventing the pinned photodiode, an important component of modern digital cameras. He was one of four recipients of the 2017 Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering. He worked at NEC Corporation (1978–2000) and  Panasonic Corporation (2000–13). As of 2018, he is a professor at the University of Hyogo and at Shizuoka University.
Hardenburg (Bad Dürkheim)
The Hardenburg on the eastern edge of the Palatinate Forest near the Rhineland-Palatinate town of Bad Dürkheim is even as a ruin one of the mightiest castles of Palatinate. It was the residence of the Counts of Leiningen, who in 1725 moved to Schloss Dürkheim.

Limburg Abbey
Limburg Abbey is a ruined abbey near Bad Dürkheim, at the edge of the Palatinate Forest in Germany. In the 9th century, the Salian Dukes from Worms built a fortress on the Linthberg as their family seat.
Tver Viceroyalty
57°N 36°E﻿ / ﻿57°N 36°E﻿ / 57; 36

Tver Viceroyalty (Russian: Тверское наместничество, romanized: Tverskoye namestnichestvo) was an administrative-territorial unit (namestnichestvo) of the Russian Empire, which existed from 1775 until 1796. Its seat was in Tver. In 1796, it was transformed to Tver Governorate.

The area of the viceroyalty is currently split between Tver and Moscow Oblasts. Minor parts of Tver Viceroyalty also currently belong to Yaroslavl and Novgorod Oblasts.

Tverskoy Uyezd
Tverskoy Uyezd (Тверской уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Tver Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northeastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Tver.
Fagus crenata
Fagus crenata, buna (Japanese: ブナ), known as Siebold's beech, or Japanese beech, is a species of deciduous tree in the family Fagaceae. It is a tall dense hardwood that is only native to Japan. The first written record of this tree in the Western world was in 1830 and it was scientifically described in 1851. It is a high canopy tree and is the dominant tree in most of its range; often colocated with Quercus crispula (Japanese oak) and Acer mono (Painted maple). Nuts, seeds, oil, and young leaves can be eaten but care must be exercised due to toxins. It is also used for firewood, furniture, construction, and shade. Climate change is having a negative impact on this tree.

Acer palmatum
Acer palmatum, commonly known as Japanese maple, palmate maple, or smooth Japanese maple (Korean: danpungnamu [단풍나무]; Japanese: irohamomiji [イロハモミジ] or momiji [紅葉]), is a species of woody plant native to Korea, Japan, China, eastern Mongolia, and southeast Russia. Many different cultivars of this maple have been selected and they are grown worldwide for their large variety of attractive forms, leaf shapes, and spectacular colors.
Koos de la Rey
Jacobus Herculaas de la Rey (Afrikaans pronunciation: [jaˈkuəbɵs hærkyˈlɑːs də la ˈrɛi]) (22 October 1847 – 15 September 1914), better known as Koos de la Rey, was a South African military officer who served as a Boer general during the Second Boer War. De la Rey also had a political career and was one of the leading advocates of Boer independence. His death at the hands of the South African Police under controversial circumstances had a major role in sparking the Maritz rebellion.

Boer commando
The Boer Commandos  or "Kommandos" were volunteer military units of guerrilla militia organized by the Boer people of South Africa. From this came the term "commando" into the English language during the Second Boer War of 1899–1902 as per Costica Andrew.
Cairo Governorate
Cairo (Arabic: محافظة القاهرة) is one of the 27 governorates of Egypt. It is formed of the city of Cairo, both the national capital of Egypt and the governorate's, in addition to six satellite cities: The New Capital - which became the official seat of national government in April 2024, New Cairo, El Shorouk, Badr, Capital Gardens, and 15th of May. These cities form almost half of the Greater Cairo metropolitan area by population.

Cairo is one of four city governorates in Egypt, and the governor of Cairo is also the head of the city. Nonetheless, the governate of Cairo and the city of Cairo are two semi-distinct levels of local government, and as with other governorates, the governor is appointed by the president.

Ismailia Governorate
Ismailia (Arabic: محافظة الإسماعيلية) is one of the Canal Zone governorates of Egypt. Located in the northeastern part of the country, its capital is the city of Ismailia. It was named after Ismail Pasha, who as Ottoman Viceroy of Egypt, oversaw the country during the building of the Suez Canal. It is located between the other two Canal governorates; Port Said Governorate, in the Northern part of Egypt and Suez Governorate.
Mens rea
In criminal law, mens rea (/ˈmɛnz ˈreɪə/; Law Latin for "guilty mind") is the mental state of a defendant who is accused of committing a crime. In common law jurisdictions, most crimes require proof both of mens rea and actus reus ("guilty act") before the defendant can be found guilty.

Legal liability
In law, liable means  "responsible or answerable in law; legally obligated". Legal liability concerns both civil law and criminal law and can arise from various areas of law, such as contracts, torts, taxes, or fines given by government agencies. The claimant is the one who seeks to establish, or prove, liability.
International Mobile Satellite Organization
International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO) is the oversight body of the satellite communications elements of the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) established by the IMO designed to provide a worldwide system for automated emergency signal communication for ships at sea. IMSO ensures that the provision of maritime mobile satellite communications services (currently provided by Inmarsat Ltd and Iridium Ltd).

International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
The International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO) is an intergovernmental organization charged with overseeing the public service obligations of Intelsat, which was privatized in 2001.

It incorporates the principle set forth in Resolution 1721 (XVI) of United Nations General Assembly, which expresses "All nations should have access to satellite communications".

The landmark headquarters of this organization was located in Washington D.C., United States.

As of June 2013, there are 149 states that are members of ITSO. States join ITSO by ratifying a multilateral treaty known as the Agreement relating to the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization. 
Bulgaria ratified the treaty in 1996 but denounced it and withdrew from the organization in 2012.
Diocese of Verona
The Diocese of Verona (Latin: Dioecesis Veronensis) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in northern Italy. The diocese belongs to the Ecclesiastical Province of Venice. The bishop of Verona has his seat in Verona, Veneto.  The episcopal throne is in the cathedral, which had originally been dedicated to S. Maria Matricolare and S. George.

Diocese of Chioggia
The Diocese of Chioggia (Latin: Dioecesis Clodiensis) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in the Veneto, at the southernmost point of the Laguna veneta. Until 1451, the diocese was a suffragan of the Patriarchate of Grado. On 8 October 1451, in the bull "Regis Aeterni", Pope Nicholas V abolished the patriarchate of Grado,  and transferred its powers and privileges to the Archdiocese of Venice. Since then, Chioggia has been a suffragan of Venice.
1914–15 Star
The 1914–15 Star is a campaign medal of the British Empire which was awarded to all who served in the British and Imperial forces in any theatre of the First World War against the Central European Powers during 1914 and 1915. The medal was never awarded singly and recipients also received the British War Medal and Victory Medal.

Pip, Squeak and Wilfred
Pip, Squeak and Wilfred was a British strip cartoon published in the Daily Mirror from 1919 to 1956 (with a break c. 1940–1950), as well as the Sunday Pictorial in the early years. It was conceived by Bertram Lamb, who took the role of Uncle Dick, signing himself (B.J.L.) in an early book, and was drawn until c. 1939 by Austin Bowen Payne, who always signed as A. B. Payne. It concerned the adventures of an orphaned family of animals. Pip, who assumed the father role, was a dog, whilst the 'mother', Squeak, was a penguin. Wilfred was the 'young son' and was a rabbit with very long ears.
Hillel International
Hillel: The Foundation for Jewish Campus Life, alternatively Hillel International or simply Hillel, is a Jewish student organization. Hillel brands itself as a safe space for  Jewish students and events aimed at facilitating Jewish traditions on college campuses. Hillel describes itself as the "largest Jewish campus organization in the world". Founded in 1923 and headquartered in the United States, it is represented at higher education institutions and communities throughout Eurasia and the Americas, including  in the former Soviet Union, Israel, and South America.

Hillel has faced criticism for its failure to welcome non- and anti-Zionist Jewish students. Critical academics have described Hillel as "a Zionist organization that determines who can be Jewish and how".

Newman Center
Newman Centers, Newman Houses, Newman Clubs, or Newman Communities are Catholic campus ministry centers at secular universities.  The movement was inspired by the writings of Cardinal John Henry Newman encouraging societies for Catholic students attending secular universities.

These centers may include residential living space or may be actual houses close to the campus with or without a chapel. Activities vary among centers but usually include both spiritual worship like Sunday Mass and Eucharistic adoration, social get-togethers (like movies or coffee socials), and group outings (like apple picking, March for Life events, and amusement park visits).
FC St. Gallen
Fussballclub St. Gallen 1879, commonly known as St. Gallen, is a Swiss professional football club based in the city of St. Gallen, Canton of St. Gallen. It is the second oldest football club in continental Europe, after Kjøbenhavns Boldklub. The team competes in the Swiss Super League, the top tier of Swiss football.

FC Wohlen
FC Wohlen is a Swiss football club based in the town Wohlen in Canton Aargau. They currently play in the 1. Liga Classic, the fourth tier of Swiss football.

The club was founded in May 1904 and holds the honour of being the oldest football club in Switzerland that is not in a city. From 1930 to 1932 the team played in the Swiss Super League, the highest league in Switzerland, but mostly it has played in the 2nd or 3rd tiers. The greatest success of their recent history was their promotion to the Challenge League in 2002. In the autumn of 2004 they moved into their new stadium, Stadion Niedermatten.

The most famous former player is Ciriaco Sforza.
Line 5 (Shenzhen Metro)
Line 5 (formerly branded as the Huanzhong line) of the Shenzhen Metro runs West–East from Chiwan to Grand Theater forming an arc around central Shenzhen. It opened on 22 June 2011. Line 5 is an important east west and orbital line that connects various sub-centers of Shenzhen. This led to Line 5 being heavily used. In 2014, average daily ridership exceeded 500,000 people, with over 1 million passengers using the line on 20 July 2018, setting a new record. Since 2019, Line 5 has surpassed Line 1 as the busiest line in the Shenzhen Metro network. By 2021, the line regularly carries well over 1 million passengers every day and reaching the predicted long term daily passenger volume.

Line 7 (Shenzhen Metro)
Line 7 of the Shenzhen Metro has a length of 32.84 km (20.41 mi) and a total of 29 stations. It connects SZU Lihu Campus to Tai'an, travelling East–West across Shenzhen in a "V" shape. Construction started on 23 October 2012, with track laying complete in April 2016. The line started service on 28 October 2016.
Ministry of Health (Brunei)
The Ministry of Health (MoH; Malay: Kementerian Kesihatan) is a cabinet-level ministry in the government of Brunei which oversees the health system in the country. It is currently led by a minister and the incumbent is Mohd Isham Jaafar, who took office since 1 December 2017. The ministry is headquartered in Bandar Seri Begawan.

Ministry of Transport and Infocommunications
The Ministry of Transport and Infocommunications (MTIC; Malay: Kementerian Pengangkutan dan Infokomunikasi), formerly known as the Ministry of Communications (Kementerian Perhubungan), is a cabinet-level ministry in the government of Brunei which oversees civil aviation, land and maritime transport, telecommunications and meteorology in the country. It is currently led by a minister and the incumbent is Pengiran Shamhary Pengiran Mustapha, who took office since 7 June 2022. The ministry is headquartered in Bandar Seri Begawan.
Perch
Perch is a common name for freshwater fish from the genus Perca, which belongs to the family Percidae of the large order Perciformes. The name comes from Greek: πέρκη, romanized: perke, meaning the type species of this genus, the European perch (P. fluviatilis).

Many species of freshwater game fish more or less resemble perch, but belong to different genera. In fact, the exclusively saltwater-dwelling red drum (which belongs to a different order Acanthuriformes) is often referred to as a "red perch", though by definition perch are freshwater species. Though many fish are referred to as perch as a common name, to be considered a true perch, the fish must be of the family Percidae.

The earliest fossil remains of Perca are known from the Middle Miocene of Ukraine.

Fish fry
A fish fry is a social event centered on a meal of battered or breaded fried fish. It usually also includes french fries, coleslaw, macaroni salad, lemon slices, tartar sauce, hot sauce, malt vinegar and dessert. Some Native American versions are cooked by coating fish with semolina and egg yolk.

A fish fry may include potato pancakes (with accompanying side dishes of sour cream or applesauce) and sliced caraway rye bread if served in a German restaurant or area.

Fish fries are very common in the Midwestern and northeastern regions of the United States. Fish is often served on Friday nights as a restaurant special or through church fundraisers. This is especially true for Christian communities during Lent, the Christian season of repentance, when tradition calls for abstinence from meat.

A "shore lunch" is common in the northern United States and Canada. For decades, outdoor enthusiasts have been cooking their catch on the shores of their favorite lakes.
Adekunle Gold
Adekunle Almoruf Kosokolistenⓘ (born 28 January 1987), known professionally as Adekunle Gold and AG Baby, is a Nigerian Afrobeats singer and songwriter currently signed to Def Jam Recordings. He gained widespread attention after releasing the 2015 hit single "Sade", a highlife cover of One Direction's "Story of My Life". He signed a record deal with YBNL Nation and released his 2015 debut studio album Gold, which debuted at number 7 on the Billboard World Albums chart. Gold was preceded by the release of three singles: "Sade", "Orente" and "Pick Up". Adekunle Gold revealed to Nigerian Entertainment Today that prior to signing with YBNL, he designed the label's official logo and completed other designs for Lil Kesh, Viktoh and Olamide. In 2023, he released Tequila Ever After, his fifth studio album and first under Def Jam. He released his sixth studio album, Fuji, which he claims stands for Finding Uncharted Journeys Inside, in October 2025.

Pheelz
Phillip Kayode Moses (listenⓘ; born 5 June 1994), better known as Pheelz, is a Nigerian record producer, singer, songwriter, and graphic designer. Pheelz is credited to have produced all but one song on Olamide's Baddest Guy Ever Liveth album. In 2022, he had a hit with his song "Finesse", a collaboration with Bnxn (formerly known as Buju).