hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dot (diacritic)
When used as a diacritic mark, the term dot primarily refers to the glyphs "combining dot above" (◌̇),  and "combining dot below" (◌̣)
which may be combined with some letters of the extended Latin alphabets in use in 
a variety of languages. Similar marks are used with other scripts.

Retroflex consonant
A retroflex (/ˈrɛtrəflɛks, -roʊ-/ ⓘ) consonant is a coronal consonant where the tongue has a flat, concave, or even curled shape, and is articulated between the alveolar ridge and the hard palate. They are sometimes referred to as cerebral consonants—especially in Indology. Other terms are domal and cacuminal (/kəˈkjuːmɪnəl/ ⓘ), though in rare cases either word can mean palatal consonants more broadly.

The Latin-derived word retroflex means "bent back"; some retroflex consonants are pronounced with the tongue fully curled back so that articulation involves the underside of the tongue tip (subapical). These sounds are sometimes described as "true" retroflex consonants. However, retroflexes are commonly taken to include other consonants having a similar place of articulation without such extreme curling of the tongue; these may be articulated with the tongue tip (apical) or the tongue blade (laminal). When apical, they have been called apico-domal or apico-palatal consonants.
2002 Russian census
The 2002 Russian census (Russian: Всеросси́йская пе́репись населе́ния 2002 го́да) was the first census of the Russian Federation since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, carried out on October 9 through October 16, 2002. It was carried out by the Russian Federal Service of State Statistics (Rosstat).

Tyukhtetsky District
Tyukhtetsky District (Russian: Тюхте́тский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-three in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the krai and borders with Yeniseysky District in the north, Birilyussky and Bolsheuluysky Districts in the east, Bogotolsky District in the south, and with Kemerovo and Tomsk Oblasts in the west. The area of the district is 9,339 square kilometers (3,606 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Tyukhtet. Population: 8,858 (2010 Census); 10,386 (2002 Census); 12,814 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Tyukhtet accounts for 54.1% of the district's total population.
Lords, Marquesses and Dukes of Elbeuf
The Seigneurie of Elbeuf, later a marquisate, dukedom, and peerage, was based on the territory of Elbeuf in the Vexin, possessed first by the Counts of Valois and then the Counts of Meulan before passing to the  House of Harcourt. In 1265, it was erected into a seigneurie for them. Occupied by the English from 1419 to 1444, it passed by marriage to the Lorraine-Vaudémont, a cadet branch of the sovereign House of Lorraine, in 1452. When René of Vaudémont inherited Lorraine, he left the Harcourt inheritance, including Elbeuf, to his second son Claude, Duke of Guise. Elbeuf was raised to a marquisate in 1528. Claude, in turn, left Elbeuf to his youngest son René. It was elevated to a ducal peerage in 1581 for his son Charles, and the title became extinct in 1825.

Lords and Counts of Harcourt
When the Viking chieftain Rollo obtained the territories via the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte which would later make up Normandy, he distributed them as estates among his main supporters. Among these lands were the seigneurie of Harcourt, near Brionne, and the county of Pont-Audemer, both of which Rollo granted to Bernard the Dane, ancestor of the lords (seigneurs) of Harcourt. he first to use Harcourt as a name, however, was Anquetil d'Harcourt at the start of the 11th century.
Graphite
Graphite (/ˈɡræfaɪt/) is a crystalline allotrope (form) of the element carbon. It consists of many stacked layers of graphene, typically in excess of hundreds of layers. Graphite occurs naturally and is the most stable form of carbon under standard conditions.  Synthetic and natural graphite are consumed on a large scale (1.3 million metric tons per year in 2022) for uses in many critical industries including refractories (50%), lithium-ion batteries (18%), foundries (10%), and lubricants (5%), among others (17%). Graphite converts to diamond under extremely high pressure and temperature. Graphite's low cost, thermal and chemical inertness and characteristic conductivity of heat and electricity finds numerous applications in high energy and high temperature processes.

Dalradian
The Dalradian Supergroup (informally and traditionally the Dalradian) is a stratigraphic unit (a sequence of rock strata) in the lithostratigraphy of the Grampian Highlands of Scotland and in the north and west of Ireland. The diverse assemblage of rocks which constitute the supergroup extend across Scotland from Islay in the west to Fraserburgh in the east and are confined by the Great Glen Fault to the northwest and the Highland Boundary Fault to the southeast. Much of Shetland east of the Walls Boundary Fault is also formed from Dalradian rocks. Dalradian rocks extend across the north of Ireland from County Antrim in the north east to Clifden on the Atlantic coast, although obscured by younger Palaeogene lavas and tuffs or Carboniferous rocks in large sections.
Afrojack
Nick Leonardus van de Wall (Dutch: [ˈnɪk leːjoːˈnɑrdʏs fɑn də ˈʋɑl]; born 9 September 1987), known professionally as Afrojack (stylized in all caps), is a Dutch DJ, record producer and remixer. In 2007, he founded the record label Wall Recordings; his debut album Forget the World was released in 2014. Afrojack regularly features as one of the ten best artists in the Top 100 DJs published by DJ Mag. He is also the CEO of LDH Europe.

Giorgio Tuinfort
Giorgio Hesdey Tuinfort (born 30 April 1981) is a Dutch record producer and songwriter. He is best known for his production work for Senegalese-American singer Akon and French DJ David Guetta. Giorgio has been credited on releases by prominent music industry artists, such as Michael Jackson, Black Eyed Peas, Gwen Stefani, Rihanna, Sia, Lady Gaga, Martin Garrix, Ariana Grande, Céline Dion, Charlie Puth, Britney Spears, Whitney Houston, Usher, Lionel Richie and Sean Paul.
Bruny Island
Bruny Island is a 362-square-kilometre (140 sq mi) coastal island of Tasmania, Australia, located at the mouths of the Derwent River and Huon River estuaries on Storm Bay on the Tasman Sea, south of Hobart. The island is separated from the mainland by the D'Entrecasteaux Channel. The island and the channel are named after French explorer, Antoine Bruni d'Entrecasteaux.

The island's Aboriginal name is lunawanna-allonah, from which the island settlements of Alonnah and Lunawanna are named.

Flinders Island
Flinders Island, the largest island in the Furneaux Group, is a 1,367-square-kilometre (528 sq mi) island in the Bass Strait, northeast of the island of Tasmania. Today Flinders Island is part of the state of Tasmania, Australia. It is 54 kilometres (34 mi) from Cape Portland and is located on 40° south, a zone known as the Roaring Forties.
Engine displacement
Engine displacement is the measure of the cylinder volume swept by all of the pistons of a piston engine, excluding the combustion chambers. It is commonly used as an expression of an engine's size, and by extension as an indicator of the power (through mean effective pressure and rotational speed) an engine might be capable of producing and the amount of fuel it should be expected to consume. For this reason displacement is one of the measures often used in advertising, as well as regulating, motor vehicles.

It is usually expressed using the metric units of cubic centimetres (cc or cm3, equivalent to millilitres) or litres (l or L), or – particularly in the United States  – cubic inches (CID, c.i.d., cu in, or in3).

Main bearing
A main bearing is a bearing in a piston engine which holds the crankshaft in place and allows it to rotate within the engine block.

The number of main bearings per engine varies between engines, often in accordance with the forces produced by the operation of the engine. Main bearings are usually plain bearings or journal bearings, held in place by the engine block and bearing caps.
Hancock County, Tennessee
Hancock County is a county located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,662, making it the fourth-least populous county in Tennessee. Its county seat is Sneedville.

Rogersville, Tennessee
Rogersville is a town in and the county seat of Hawkins County, Tennessee, United States. It was settled in 1775 by the grandparents of Davy Crockett. It is named for its founder, Joseph Rogers. Tennessee's second oldest courthouse, the Hawkins County Courthouse, first newspaper The Knoxville Gazette, and first post office are all located in Rogersville. The Rogersville Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Rogersville is part of the Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a component of the Tri-Cities region.

As of the 2020 census, Rogersville had a population of 4,671.
Ross Tucker
Ross Finch Tucker (born March 2, 1979) is an American former professional football offensive lineman and current Emmy nominated sports broadcaster. Tucker was an All-Ivy League offensive lineman at Princeton University then played seven seasons in the National Football League (NFL). Tucker retired as a player after suffering a neck injury during the 2007 season. He works for CBS Sports, the Philadelphia Eagles, Westwood One, Audacy, and hosts the Ross Tucker Football Podcast on the DraftKings Network.

Logan Ryan
Logan Daniel Ryan (born February 9, 1991) is an American former professional football defensive back who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 11 seasons. He played college football for the Rutgers Scarlet Knights as a cornerback and was selected by the New England Patriots in the third round of the 2013 NFL draft. Ryan also played for the Tennessee Titans, New York Giants, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and San Francisco 49ers. He played cornerback for the first seven seasons of his career before switching to safety in 2020 and playing the position in his last four seasons. Since retiring from playing, Ryan has worked as an NFL color analyst for CBS television broadcasts.
Garganey
The garganey (Spatula querquedula) is a small dabbling duck. It breeds in much of Europe and across the Palearctic, but is strictly migratory, with the entire population moving to Africa, India (in particular Santragachi), Bangladesh (in the natural reservoirs of Sylhet district) and Australasia during the winter of the Northern hemisphere, where large flocks can occur. This species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his landmark 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae. Like other small ducks such as the Eurasian teal, this species rises easily from the water with a fast twisting wader-like flight.

Their breeding habitat is grassland adjacent to shallow marshes and steppe lakes.

Little ringed plover
The little ringed plover (Thinornis dubius) is a small plover native to the Old World. It has mostly brown upperparts, a black neckband and a black mask around the eye with a noticeable yellow eyering. Its forehead, belly and the rest of the breast are white. A migratory species, it breeds in open gravel areas near freshwater, including gravel pits, islands and river edges. Its diet consists mainly of insects and worms, which it forages for in muddy areas.
Alhazem
Alhazem Saudi Club (Arabic: نادي الحزم السعودي, romanized: nādī al-ḥazm as-suʿūdiyy, lit. 'Determination') is a Saudi Arabian professional football club based in Ar Rass, that competes in the Saudi Pro League, the top tier of the Saudi Arabian football system.

Al-Nahda Club (Saudi Arabia)
Al Nahda (Arabic: نادي النهضة) is a Saudi football club based in the city of Dammam, Eastern province. Established in 1949, they currently play in the Saudi First Division, which is the second tier of the Saudi football league system.

In the 2007–08 season, under the lead of the Croatian coach Dragan Talajić, Al Nahda played the finals of the Prince Faisal Cup, being the first team from the Saudi Second League to play in the final.
Finite field
In mathematics, a finite field or Galois field (so-named in honor of Évariste Galois) is a field that has a finite number of elements.  As with any field, a finite field is a set on which the operations of multiplication, addition, subtraction and division are defined and satisfy certain basic rules.  The most common examples of finite fields are the integers mod  when  is a prime number.

The order of a finite field is its number of elements, which is either a prime number or a prime power. For every prime number  and every positive integer  there are fields of order . All finite fields of a given order are isomorphic.

Finite fields are fundamental in a number of areas of mathematics and computer science, including number theory, algebraic geometry, Galois theory, finite geometry, cryptography and coding theory.

Algebraic number theory
Algebraic number theory is a branch of number theory that uses the techniques of abstract algebra to study the integers, rational numbers, and their generalizations. Number-theoretic questions are expressed in terms of properties of algebraic objects such as algebraic number fields and their rings of integers, finite fields, and function fields. These properties, such as whether a ring admits unique factorization, the behavior of ideals, and the Galois groups of fields, can resolve questions of primary importance in number theory, like the existence of solutions to Diophantine equations.
Before Present
Before Present (BP) or "years before present (YBP)" is a time scale used mainly in archaeology, geology, and other scientific disciplines to specify when events occurred relative to the origin of practical radiocarbon dating in the 1950s. Because the "present" time changes, standard practice is to use 1 January 1950 as the commencement date (epoch) of the age scale, with 1950 being labelled as the "standard year". The abbreviation "BP" has been interpreted retrospectively as "Before Physics", which refers to the time before nuclear weapons testing artificially altered the proportion of the carbon isotopes in the atmosphere, which scientists must account for when using radiocarbon dating for dates of origin that may fall after this year.

In a convention that is not always observed, many sources restrict the use of BP dates to those produced with radiocarbon dating; the alternative notation "RCYBP" stands for the explicit "radio carbon years before present".

Muisca agriculture
The Muisca agriculture describes the agriculture of the Muisca, the advanced civilisation that was present in the times before the Spanish conquest on the high plateau in the Colombian Andes; the Altiplano Cundiboyacense. The Muisca were a predominantly agricultural society with small-scale farmfields, part of more extensive terrains. To diversify their diet, they traded mantles, gold, emeralds and salt for fruits, vegetables, coca, yopo and cotton cultivated in lower altitude warmer terrains populated by their neighbours, the Muzo, Panche, Guane, Guayupe, Lache, Sutagao and U'wa. Trade of products grown farther away happened with the Calima, Pijao and Caribbean coastal communities around the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.

Important scholars who have contributed to the knowledge about the Muisca agriculture have been Pedro Simón, Marianne Cardale de Schrimpff, Carl Henrik Langebaek and Sylvia Broadbent.
Vakinankaratra
Vakinankaratra is a region in central Madagascar. The capital of the region is Antsirabe. It's one of the four regions of the Antananarivo Province. Vakinankaratra covers an area of 16,599 kilometres (10,314 miles), and had a population of 2,074,358 in 2018.

Betsiboka
Betsiboka is a region of Madagascar. It borders Boeny Region in north, Sofia in northeast, Alaotra-Mangoro in east, Analamanga and Bongolava in south and Melaky in west. The capital of the region is Maevatanana. Until 2009 Betsiboka belonged to Mahajanga Province. The population was 394,561 in 2018 within the area of 30,025 km2 (11,593 sq mi). Betsiboka is one of the least densely populated regions in Madagascar.
Netflix
Netflix is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service. The service primarily distributes original and acquired films and television shows from various genres. It is available internationally in multiple languages.

Launched in 2007, nearly a decade after Netflix, Inc. began its pioneering DVD-by-mail movie rental service, Netflix is the most-subscribed video on demand streaming media service, with 325 million paid memberships in more than 190 countries as of 2026. By 2022, "Netflix Original" productions accounted for half of its library in the United States and the namesake company had ventured into other categories, such as video game publishing of mobile games through its flagship service. As of 2025, Netflix is the 18th most-visited website in the world, with 21.18% of its traffic coming from the United States, followed by the United Kingdom at 6.01%, Canada at 4.94%, and Brazil at 4.24%.

Hong sisters
The Hong sisters (Korean: 홍자매) are two South Korean screenwriters: Hong Jung-eun (born 1974) and Hong Mi-ran (born 1977). Known for writing popular romantic-comedies, notably My Girl (2005), You're Beautiful (2009), My Girlfriend Is a Gumiho (2010), The Greatest Love (2011), Master's Sun (2013), A Korean Odyssey (2017–2018), Hotel del Luna (2019), Alchemy of Souls (2022), its second part Alchemy of Souls: Light and Shadow (2022–2023), and Can This Love Be Translated? (2026).
Ron Carter
Ronald Levin Carter (born May 4, 1937) is an American jazz double bassist. His appearances on 2,221 recording sessions make him the most-recorded jazz bassist in history. He has won three Grammy Awards, and is also a cellist who has recorded numerous times on the instrument. In addition to a solo career of more than 60 years, Carter is well-known for playing on numerous iconic Blue Note albums in the 1960s, as well as being the anchor of trumpeter Miles Davis's "Second Great Quintet" from 1963-1968.

Beginning with Where? in 1961, Carter's studio albums as leader also include Uptown Conversation (1969), Blues Farm (1973), All Blues (1973), Spanish Blue (1974), Anything Goes (1975), Yellow & Green (1976), Pastels (1976), Piccolo (1977), Third Plane (1977), Peg Leg (1978), A Song for You (1978), Etudes (1982), The Golden Striker (2003), Dear Miles (2006), and Ron Carter's Great Big Band (2011).

Charlie Mariano
Carmine Ugo Mariano (November 12, 1923 – June 16, 2009) was an American jazz saxophonist who focused on the alto and soprano saxophone. He occasionally performed and recorded on flute and nadaswaram as well.
Cameron Donald
Cameron Donald (born 28 September 1977 in Melbourne, Australia) is a professional motorcycle racer who has raced at the Macau Grand Prix, the North West 200 and the Isle of Man TT races. Donald has not raced at the TT since 2016, but has worked as a television presenter and commentator, also entering the Classic TT, part of the Manx Grand Prix races. He lives in Warrandyte, Victoria, Australia.

Michael Dunlop
Michael Dunlop (born 10 April 1989) is a Northern Irish professional motorcycle road racer. He holds the all-time record for victories and podium finishes at the Isle of Man TT, with 33 wins and 51 podiums, surpassing the previous record of 26 wins held by his uncle Joey Dunlop in 2024. These results make him the most successful competitor in the history of the event.

He is part of a prominent racing dynasty: the son of the late Robert Dunlop, brother of the late William Dunlop, and nephew of the late Joey Dunlop. His family legacy was documented in Road (2014), and he later published his autobiography Road Racer: It's in My Blood (2017).

In the 2025 King's Birthday Honours, Dunlop was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for services to motorcycle racing.
Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
The Chamber of Deputies (Spanish: Cámara de Diputados, pronounced [ˈkamaɾa ðe ðipuˈtaðos]), constitutionally the Chamber of Deputies of the Honorable Congress of the Union (Spanish: Cámara de Diputados del H. Congreso de la Unión), is the lower house of the Congress of the Union, the bicameral parliament of Mexico. The other chamber is the Senate. The structure and responsibilities of both chambers of Congress are defined in Articles 50 to 70 of the Constitution.

6th federal electoral district of Sonora
The 6th federal electoral district of Sonora (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 06 de Sonora) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of seven such districts in the state of Sonora.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the first region.

The 6th district was created in 1978 and was first contested in the 1979 legislative election.

The current member for the district, elected in the 2024 general election, is Anabel Acosta Islas. Originally elected as a member of National Regeneration Movement (Morena), she switched allegiance to the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (PVEM) at the start of the legislative session.
Greater wing of sphenoid bone
The greater wing of the sphenoid bone, or alisphenoid, is a bony process of the sphenoid bone, positioned in the skull behind each eye. There is one on each side, extending from the side of the body of the sphenoid and curving upward, laterally, and backward.

Mastoid part of the temporal bone
The mastoid part of the temporal bone is the posterior (back) part of the temporal bone, one of the bones of the skull. Its rough surface gives attachment to various muscles (via tendons) and it has openings for blood vessels. From its borders, the mastoid part articulates with two other bones.
RC Lens
Racing Club de Lens (French pronunciation: [ʁasiŋ klœb də lɑ̃s]), commonly referred to as RC Lens or simply as Lens, is a French professional football club based in the northern city of Lens in the department of Pas-de-Calais. The club's nickname, Les Sang et Or (transl. The Blood and Gold), comes from its traditional colours of red and gold. As of the 2024–25 season, Lens competes in Ligue 1, the highest tier of French football.

Lens won the Division 1 (now Ligue 1) title in the 1997–98 season, and has finished as runner-up on five occasions, most recently in the 2022–23 season. The club has a strong rivalry with neighbors Lille OSC, with whom they contest the Derby du Nord.

Dorinel Munteanu
Dorinel Ionel Munteanu (Romanian pronunciation: [doriˈnel munˈte̯anu]; born 25 June 1968) is a Romanian football manager and former player, who is currently in charge of Liga I club Hermannstadt.

A former midfielder, Munteanu is the most capped Romanian player of all time, with a total of 134 appearances and 16 goals. He played in two editions of the World Cup, those held in the United States in 1994 and France in 1998, as well as two European Championships, in 1996 and 2000.
Aegisthus
Aegisthus (/ɪˈdʒɪsθəs/; Ancient Greek: Αἴγισθος; also transliterated as Aigisthos, [ǎi̯ɡistʰos]) was a figure in Greek mythology. Aegisthus is known from two primary sources: the first is Homer's Odyssey, believed to have been first written down by Homer at the end of the 8th century BC, and the second from Aeschylus's Oresteia, written in the 5th century BC. Aegisthus also features heavily in the action of Euripides's Electra (c. 420 BC), although his character remains offstage.

Pylades
In Greek mythology, Pylades (/ˈpaɪlədiːz/; Ancient Greek: Πυλάδης) was a Phocian prince as the son of King Strophius and Anaxibia, the daughter of Atreus and sister of Agamemnon and Menelaus. He is mostly known for his relationship with his cousin Orestes, son of Agamemnon.