hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ngāpuhi
Ngāpuhi (also known as Ngāpuhi-Nui-Tonu or Ngā Puhi) is a Māori iwi associated with the Northland regions of New Zealand centred in the Hokianga, the Bay of Islands, and Whangārei.

According to the 2023 New Zealand census, the estimated population of Ngāpuhi is 184,470. This compares to 125,601 in 2001, 102,981 in 2006, 122,214  in 2013. and 165,201 in 2018. It is formed from 150 hapū or subtribes, with 55 marae.

Despite such diversity, the people of Ngāpuhi maintain their shared history and self-identity. Te Rūnanga ā Iwi o Ngāpuhi, based in Kaikohe, administers the iwi. The Rūnanga acts on behalf of the iwi in consultations with the New Zealand government. It also ensures the equitable distribution of benefits from the 1992 fisheries settlement with the government, and undertakes resource management and education initiatives.

Tītore
Tītore (c. 1775–1837), sometimes known as Tītore Tākiri, was a rangatira (chief) of the Ngāpuhi iwi (tribe). He was a war leader of the Ngāpuhi who led the war expedition against the Māori tribes at East Cape in 1820 and 1821. He also led the war expeditions to Tauranga and Maketu in 1832 and 1833, following the Girls' War incident at Kororāreka in the Bay of Islands.

He was the son of Hāpai, the grandson of Toko, and the brother of Rapu. Tītore was the nephew of Tāreha, principal rangatira of the Ngāti Rēhia hapū (sub-tribe) of Kerikeri, and he was related to Hōne Heke and Hengi of Ngāti Rēhia. He married a sister of Hongi Hika. He lived near Whakataha pā in the Waimate North area, then at Kororāreka, as the peace settlement to the Girls' War resulted in his receiving Kororāreka as reparation for the death of his relation Hengi.
Sodium carbonate
Sodium carbonate (also known as washing soda, soda ash, sal soda, and soda crystals) is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2CO3 and its various hydrates. All forms are white, odorless, water-soluble salts that yield alkaline solutions in water. Historically, it was extracted from the ashes of plants grown in sodium-rich soils, and because the ashes of these sodium-rich plants were noticeably different from ashes of wood (once used to produce potash), sodium carbonate became known as "soda ash". It is produced in large quantities from sodium chloride and limestone by the Solvay process, as well as by carbonating sodium hydroxide which is made using the chloralkali process.

Water softening
Water softening is the removal of calcium, magnesium, and a small number of other other metal cations in hard water. The resulting soft water requires less soap for the same cleaning effort, as soap is not wasted bonding with calcium ions. Soft water also extends the lifetime of plumbing by reducing or eliminating scale build-up in pipes and fittings. Water softening is usually achieved using lime softening or ion-exchange resins, but is increasingly being accomplished using nanofiltration or reverse osmosis membranes.
House of Pignatelli
The House of Pignatelli is the name an old and prominent Neapolitan family of Italian nobility, clergy, men of arts and sciences, whose members occupied significant positions in 18th and 19th century. The family has been regionally prominent since the 13th century. Among various titles, they held the title of Prince of the Holy Roman Empire.

House of Caracciolo
The House of Caracciolo (Italian: Casata dei Caracciolo [kaˈrattʃolo]; Latin: Domus Caracciolo) is a prominent aristocratic noble family that originated in the city of Naples. The Caracciolos are considered one of the most important families in the history of the Kingdom of Naples, and also held relevant posts in the Spanish Empire, Holy Roman Empire, and the Catholic Church.
Solar Maximum Mission
The Solar Maximum Mission satellite (or SolarMax) was designed to investigate Solar phenomena, particularly solar flares. It was launched on February 14, 1980. The SMM was the first satellite based on the Multimission Modular Spacecraft bus manufactured by Fairchild Industries, a platform which was later used for Landsat 4 and Landsat 5 as well as the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite.

After an attitude control failure in November 1980 it was put in standby mode until April 1984 when it was repaired by a Shuttle mission.

The Solar Maximum Mission ended on December 2, 1989, when the spacecraft re-entered the atmosphere and burned up over the Indian Ocean.

Orbiting Solar Observatory
The Orbiting Solar Observatory (abbreviated OSO) Program was the name of a series of American space telescopes primarily intended to study the Sun, though they also included important non-solar experiments.  Eight were launched successfully into low Earth orbit by NASA between 1962 and 1975 using Delta rockets.  Their primary mission was to observe an 11-year sun spot cycle in UV and X-ray spectra.

The initial seven (OSO 1–7) were built by Ball Aerospace, then known as Ball Brothers Research Corporation (BBRC), in Boulder, Colorado. OSO 8 was built by Hughes Space and Communications Company, in Culver City, California.
Marc Jacobs
Marc Jacobs (born April 9, 1963) is an American fashion designer. He is the head designer for his own fashion label, Marc Jacobs, and formerly Marc by Marc Jacobs, a diffusion line, which was produced for approximately 15 years, before it was discontinued after the 2015 fall/winter collection. At its peak, it had over 200 retail stores in 80 countries. He was the creative director of the French design house Louis Vuitton from 1997 to 2014. Jacobs was on Time magazine's "2010 Time 100" list of the 100 most influential people in the world, and was #14 on Out magazine's 2012 list of "50 Most Powerful Gay Men and Women in America". He married his longtime partner Charly Defrancesco on April 6, 2019.

Brandon Maxwell
Brandon Maxwell (born September 18, 1984) is an American fashion designer, television personality, director, and photographer. He is the founder and creative director of Brandon Maxwell, the luxury women's ready-to-wear label.
Taihape
Taihape is in the Rangitikei District of the North Island of New Zealand. It serves a large rural community. State Highway 1, which runs North to South through the centre of the North Island, passes through the town.

Ohakune
Ohakune is a small town at the southern end of Tongariro National Park, close to the southwestern slopes of the active volcano Mount Ruapehu, in the North Island of New Zealand.

A rural service town known as New Zealand's Carrot Capital, Ohakune is a popular base in winter for skiers using the ski fields (particularly Turoa) of Mount Ruapehu and in summer for trampers hiking the Tongariro Alpine Crossing. Ohakune is also famous for its giant carrot sculpture on the main road into the town.
John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore
John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore PC (1730 – 25 February 1809) was a British Army officer and colonial administrator who served as the governor of Virginia from 1771 to 1775. Dunmore was named governor of New York in 1770. He succeeded to the same position in the colony of Virginia the following year after the death of Norborne Berkeley, 4th Baron Botetourt. As Virginia's governor, Dunmore directed a series of campaigns against the trans-Appalachian Indians, known as Lord Dunmore's War. He is noted for issuing a 1775 document, Dunmore's Proclamation, offering freedom to slaves who fought for the British Crown against Patriot rebels in Virginia.  Dunmore fled to New York after the burning of Norfolk in 1776 and later returned to Britain. He was Governor of the Bahamas from 1787 to 1796.

Henry Clinton (British Army officer, born 1730)
General Sir Henry Clinton, KB (16 April 1730 – 23 December 1795) was a British Army officer and politician who sat in the House of Commons of Great Britain between 1772 and 1795. He is best known for his service as a general during the American War of Independence. He arrived in Boston in May 1775 and was the British Commander-in-Chief in America from 1778 to 1782. He was a Member of Parliament for many years due to the influence of his cousin Henry Pelham-Clinton, 2nd Duke of Newcastle. Late in life, he was named Governor of Gibraltar, but he died before assuming the post.
Tsurugi (sword)
A tsurugi (剣) or ken (剣) is a Japanese sword. The word is used in the West to refer to a specific type of Japanese straight, double-edged sword used in antiquity (as opposed to curved, single-edged swords such as the katana). In Japanese the term tsurugi or ken (ja:剣) is used as a term for all sorts of international long, double-edged swords.

Tachi
A tachi (太刀) is a type of sabre-like traditionally made Japanese sword (nihonto) worn by the samurai class of feudal Japan. Tachi and uchigatana ("katana") generally differ in length, degree of curvature, and how they were worn when sheathed, the latter depending on the location of the mei (銘), or signature, on the tang. The tachi style of swords preceded the development of the katana, which was not mentioned by name until near the end of the twelfth century. Tachi were the mainstream Japanese swords of the Kotō period between 900 and 1596. Even after the Muromachi period (1336–1573), when katana became the mainstream, tachi were often worn by high-ranking samurai.
Gudermes
Gudermes (Russian: Гудерме́с; Chechen: Гуьмсе, Gümse or Гутӏермаӏас, Guthermajas) is a town in the Chechen Republic, Russia, located on the Sunzha River 36 kilometers (22 mi) east of Grozny, the republic's capital. Population: 64,376 (2021 census); 45,631 (2010 census); 33,756 (2002 census); 38,089 (1989 Soviet census); 32,000 (1970).

Shali, Chechen Republic
Shali (Russian: Шали́; Chechen: Шела, Şela) is a town and the administrative center of Shalinsky District of the Chechen Republic, Russia. Population:  47,708 (2010 census); 40,356 (2002 census); 24,985 (1989 Soviet census).
Mathematical analysis
Analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions.

These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. Analysis evolved from calculus, which involves the elementary concepts and techniques of analysis.
Analysis may be distinguished from geometry; however, it can be applied to any space of mathematical objects that has a definition of nearness (a topological space) or specific distances between objects  (a metric space).

Madhava of Sangamagrama
Mādhava of Sangamagrāma (Mādhavan) (c. 1340 – c. 1425) was an Indian mathematician and astronomer who is considered to be the founder of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics in the Late Middle Ages. Madhava made pioneering contributions to the study of infinite series, trigonometry, geometry and algebra. He was the first to use infinite series approximations for a range of trigonometric functions, which has been called the "decisive step onward from the finite procedures of ancient mathematics to treat their limit-passage to infinity".
Admiral
Admiral is one of the highest ranks in many navies. In the Commonwealth nations and the United States, a "full" admiral is equivalent to a "full" general or air chief marshal in the army or the air force. Admiral is ranked above vice admiral and below admiral of the fleet, or fleet admiral.

Chief of Staff of the French Navy
The Chief of the Naval Staff (French: Chef d’état-major de la Marine, pronounced [ʃɛf deta maʒɔʁ də la maʁin], abbr. CEMM) is a French general officer, adviser to the Chief of the Defence Staff for the French Navy and responsible to the Minister of the Armed Forces for preparing the Navy for its engagement. Since 1 September 2023, the Chief of the Naval Staff has been Admiral Nicolas Vaujour.
Bad Copy
Bad Copy are a hip-hop trio group from Belgrade, Serbia known for their humorous lyrics and slang. The members are Ajs Nigrutin (stage name of Vladan Aksentijević), Wikluh Sky (Đorđe Miljenović) and Timbe (Rašid Kurtanović). Miki Boj, born Milan Šaponja, was active in the band until his death in 1999. They have released several albums as a group and as solo artists and helped the popularization of hip-hop in Serbia and Ex-Yugoslavia in the new millennium.

Marčelo
Marko Šelić (Serbian: Марко Шелић; born 22 January 1983), also known as Marčelo (Serbian: Марчело), is Serbian rapper, singer and writer, known for his socially conscious lyrics and eclectic approach to musical arrangements through hip-hop music. A Paraćin native, he moved to Belgrade, where he has had great success over the years, and became one of the most prominent Serbian hip hop artists. He has won numerous awards, including two Serbian Oscars of Popularity, two Indexi Awards and an MTV Platinum Award.
Margaret River, Western Australia
Margaret River is a town in the South West of Western Australia, located in the valley of the Margaret River, 277 kilometres (172 mi) south of Perth, the state capital. Its Local Government Area is the Shire of Augusta Margaret River.

Margaret River's coast to the west of the town is a renowned surfing location with worldwide fame for its surf breaks including, but not limited to, 'Main Break' and 'The Box'. Colloquially, the area is referred to as "Margs".

The surrounding area is the Margaret River wine region and is known for its wine production and tourism, attracting an estimated 500,000 visitors annually.

Leeuwin-Naturaliste National Park
Leeuwin-Naturaliste National Park is a national park in the South West region of Western Australia, 267 km (166 mi) south of Perth.
It is named after the two capes either end of the park, Cape Leeuwin and Cape Naturaliste.
It is located in the Augusta Margaret River and Busselton council areas, and is claimed to have the highest visiting numbers of any national park in Western Australia. The park received 2.33 million visitors through 2008–2009.
More Fun Comics
More Fun Comics, originally titled New Fun: The Big Comic Magazine, is a 1935–1947 American comic book anthology that introduced several major superhero characters and was the first American comic book series to feature solely original material rather than reprints of newspaper comic strips. It was also the first publication of National Allied Publications, the company that would become DC Comics.

Bernard Baily
Bernard Baily (April 5, 1916 – January 19, 1996) was an American comic book artist best known as co-creator of the DC Comics characters the Spectre and Hourman, and a comics publisher, writer, and editor.
United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch
U.S. Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Legislative Branch is one of twelve subcommittees of the U.S. Senate Committee on Appropriations. The United States Senate Committee on Appropriations has joint jurisdiction with the United States House Committee on Appropriations over all appropriations bills in the United States Congress. Each committee has 12 matching subcommittees, each of which is tasked with working on one of the twelve annual regular appropriations bills.

United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies
U.S. Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Military Construction and Veterans Affairs is one of twelve subcommittees of the U.S. Senate Committee on Appropriations. The United States Senate Committee on Appropriations has joint jurisdiction with the United States House Committee on Appropriations over all appropriations bills in the United States Congress. Each committee has 12 matching subcommittees, each of which is tasked with working on one of the twelve annual regular appropriations bills.
CD40 (protein)
Cluster of differentiation 40, CD40 is a type I transmembrane protein found on antigen-presenting cells and is required for their activation. The binding of CD154 (CD40L) on TH cells to CD40 activates antigen presenting cells and induces a variety of downstream effects.

Activated CD4+ T cells primarily exhibit its ligand CD40L/CD154 to antigen-presenting cells including dendritic cells (DCs), B cells, macrophages, classical and non-classical monocytes, on a variety of non-immune cells including platelets and endothelial cells, and on several types of tumor cells.

Mutations affecting this gene are the cause of autosomal recessive hyper-IgM immunodeficiency.

CD86
Cluster of Differentiation 86 (also known as CD86 and B7-2) is a protein constitutively expressed on dendritic cells, Langerhans cells, macrophages, B-cells (including memory B-cells), and on other antigen-presenting cells. Along with CD80, CD86 provides costimulatory signals necessary for T cell activation and survival. Depending on the ligand bound, CD86 can signal for self-regulation and cell-cell association, or for attenuation of regulation and cell-cell disassociation.

The CD86 gene encodes a type I membrane protein that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Additional transcript variants have been described, but their full-length sequences have not been determined.
Nanzhao
Nanzhao (simplified Chinese: 南诏; traditional Chinese: 南詔; pinyin: Nánzhào), also spelled Nanchao (lit. 'Southern Zhao', Yi language: ꂷꏂꌅ, Mashynzy), was a dynastic kingdom that flourished in what is now southwestern China and northern Southeast Asia during the 8th and 9th centuries, during the mid/late Tang dynasty. It was centered on present-day Yunnan in China, with its capitals in modern-day Dali City. The kingdom was officially called Dameng (大蒙) from 738 to 859 AD, Dali (大禮) from 859 to 877 and Dafengmin (大封民) from 877 to 902.

Dian kingdom
Dian (Chinese: 滇) was an ancient kingdom established by the Dian people, a non-Han metalworking civilization that inhabited around the Dian Lake plateau of central northern Yunnan, China from the late Spring and Autumn period until the Eastern Han dynasty. The Dian buried their dead in vertical pit graves. The Dian language was likely one of the Tibeto-Burman languages. The Han Empire's annexation of the Dian kingdom in 109 BCE eventually led to the establishment of the Yizhou commandery. Dian culture started from at least the 8th century BCE, until it fell under the control of the Han dynasty in 109 BCE.
Bahamas men's national basketball team
The Bahamas men's national basketball team represents The Bahamas in international basketball. The team is controlled by the Bahamas Basketball Federation.

The Bahamas has traditionally been the dominant nation at the official Caribbean Basketball Championship as it won more gold medals and more overall medals than any contender.

2022 FIBA AmeriCup qualification
The 2022 FIBA AmeriCup qualification was a basketball competition that was played from June 2018 to February 2021, to determine the eleven FIBA Americas nations who would join the automatically qualified host Brazil at the 2022 FIBA AmeriCup.
Akhtynsky District
Akhtynsky District (Russian: Ахты́нский район; Lezgian: Ахцагь район) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the south of the republic and borders with Rutulsky, Kurakhsky, Magaramkentsky, and Dokuzparinsky Districts; in the southwest it has a 62-kilometer (39 mi) long border with Azerbaijan. The area of the district is 1,120 square kilometers (430 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Akhty. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 32,604, with the population of Akhty accounting for 41.1% of that number.

Suleyman-Stalsky District
Suleyman-Stalsky District (Russian: Сулейма́н-Ста́льский райо́н; Lezgian: СтӀал Сулейманан район) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the republic. The area of the district is 666.3 square kilometers (257.3 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Kasumkent. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 58,835, with the population of Kasumkent accounting for 22.5% of that number.
Elsah, Illinois
Elsah is a village in Jersey County, Illinois. As of the 2020 census, the village had a total population of 519.

Elsah is a part of the Metro-East region and the St. Louis Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Bethalto, Illinois
Bethalto is a village in Madison County, Illinois, United States. Bethalto, like the rest of Madison County, is part of the Illinois Metro East portion of the Greater St. Louis metropolitan area.

Early in its history, the village was a railway town along the Terre Haute and Alton Railroad. In the 19th century, industry in the town included milling of grain from local farms and coal mining. In the early 20th century, the railroad was rerouted to go through nearby Edwardsville. By the mid 20th century, the rail industry had pulled out entirely and the village became known as a bedroom town.

At the 2020 census, the population of Bethalto was 9,310.
Arethusa-class cruiser (1913)
The Arethusa-class cruisers were a class of eight oil-fired light cruisers of the Royal Navy all ordered in September 1912, primarily for service in the North Sea. They had three funnels with the middle one somewhat larger in diameter than the others. All served in the First World War. They were found to be very cramped internally.

Beam (nautical)
The beam of a ship is its width at its widest point. The maximum beam (BMAX) is the distance between planes passing through the outer sides of the ship, beam of the hull (BH) only includes permanently fixed parts of the hull, and beam at waterline (BWL) is the maximum width where the hull intersects the surface of the water.

Generally speaking, the wider the beam of a ship (or boat), the more initial stability it has, at the expense of secondary stability in the event of a capsize, where more energy is required to right the vessel from its inverted position. A ship that heels on her beam ends has her deck beams nearly vertical.
Cynthia Moreno
Flavia Antonia Moreno León (born July 23, 1970) is a Mexican Luchadora, or female professional wrestler, best known under the ring name Cynthia Moreno (sometimes spelled "Cinthia Moreno") She is working for Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA). Moreno is a part of an extended wrestling family that includes her father Alfonso Moreno, her brother who wrestles as El Oriental and her sisters, Esther, Alda, and Rossy Moreno. She is a former two-time holder of the AAA World Mixed Tag Team Championship with her brother El Oriental.

Triplemanía XIX
Triplemanía XIX was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the AAA promotion, which took place on June 18, 2011 at the Palacio de los Deportes ("Sports Palace") in Mexico City, Mexico. The event was the nineteenth annual Triplemanía, which is AAA's biggest show of the year. The event featured performers from American promotion Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) for the second year in a row. The event featured eight matches and was headlined by the culmination of the seven–month storyline rivalry between L.A. Park and El Mesías in a Luchas de Apuestas, or "bet match", where Park put his mask and El Mesías his hair on the line. It also featured the crowning of the first ever AAA Latin American and AAA World Trios Champions. At the event, Octagón, who has been a part of AAA since the promotion was founded in 1992, became the fifth inductee into the AAA Hall of Fame.