hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Consolacion
Consolacion, officially the Municipality of Consolacion (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Consolacion; Tagalog: Bayan ng Consolacion),  is a municipality in the province of Cebu, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 153,931 people.

Consolacion is bordered on the north by the town of Liloan, to the west by Cebu City, on the east by the Camotes Sea, and on the south by the city of Mandaue. It is 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from Cebu City and 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from Mandaue.

San Fernando, Cebu
San Fernando, officially the Municipality of San Fernando (Cebuano: Lungsod sa San Fernando; Tagalog: Bayan ng San Fernando),  is a municipality in the province of Cebu, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 76,110 people.
Chromatic aberration
In optics, chromatic aberration (CA), also called chromatic distortion, color aberration, color fringing, or purple fringing, is a failure of a lens to focus all colors to the same point. It is caused by dispersion: the refractive index of the lens elements varies with the wavelength of light. The refractive index of most transparent materials decreases with increasing wavelength. Since the focal length of a lens depends on the refractive index, this variation in refractive index affects focusing. Since the focal length of the lens varies with the color of the light, different colors of light are brought to focus at different distances from the lens or with different levels of magnification. Chromatic aberration manifests itself as "fringes" of color along boundaries that separate dark and bright parts of the image.

Petzval field curvature
Petzval field curvature, named for Joseph Petzval, describes the optical aberration in which a flat object normal to the optical axis (or a non-flat object past the hyperfocal distance) cannot be brought properly into focus on a flat image plane. Field curvature can be corrected with the use of a field flattener, designs can also incorporate a curved focal plane like in the case of the human eye in order to improve image quality at the focal surface.
Hollis, Queens
Hollis is a residential middle-class neighborhood within the southeastern section of the New York City borough of Queens. While a predominantly African-American community, there are small minorities of Hispanics and South Asians residing in the area. Boundaries are considered to be 181st Street to the west, Hillside Avenue to the north, Francis Lewis Boulevard to the east, and Murdock Avenue to the south. Hollis is located between Jamaica to the west and Queens Village to the east.

Hollis is located in Queens Community District 12 and its ZIP Codes are 11423 and 11412. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 103rd Precinct. Politically, Hollis is represented by the New York City Council's 23rd and 27th Districts.

Jamaica Estates, Queens
Jamaica Estates is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Queens. Jamaica Estates is part of Queens Community District 8 and located in the northern portion of Jamaica. It is bounded by Union Turnpike to the north, Hillside Avenue to the south, Utopia Parkway and Homelawn Street to the west, and 188th Street to the east. The main road through the neighborhood is Midland Parkway.

The surrounding neighborhoods are Jamaica Hills to the west; Jamaica to the southwest; Hollis to the southeast; Holliswood and Queens Village to the east; and Fresh Meadows, Utopia, and Hillcrest to the north.
Allacapan
Allacapan, officially the Municipality of Allacapan (Ibanag: Ili nat Allacapan; Ilocano: Ili ti Allacapan; Filipino: Bayan ng Allacapan), is a municipality in the province of Cagayan, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 35,946 people.

Santa Praxedes, Cagayan
Santa Praxedes, officially the Municipality of Santa Praxedes (Ibanag: Ili nat Santa Praxedes; Ilocano: Ili ti Santa Praxedes; Tagalog: Bayan ng Santa Praxedes), is a municipality in the province of Cagayan, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 4,643 people, making it the least populated municipality in the province.
W Connection F.C.
W. Connection Football Club is a professional football club from Trinidad and Tobago, which currently plays in the TT Pro League. The club plays its home games at the Manny Ramjohn Stadium in Marabella. The club's offices are based at the Point Lisas Industrial Estate.

Earl Jean
Earl Jude Jean (born 9 October 1971) is a Saint Lucian former professional footballer who played as a striker. He made 21 appearances in the Primeira Divisão for Felgueiras, 84 in the Football League for Ipswich Town, Rotherham United and Plymouth Argyle, and five in the Scottish Premier League for Hibernian. Jean played for Saint Lucia at full international level.
Cistecephalus
Cistecephalus is an extinct genus of dicynodont therapsid from the Late Permian of southern Africa (South Africa and Zambia). It was a small, specialised, burrowing dicynodont, possibly with habits similar to a modern mole. The head was flattened and wedge-shaped, the body long, and the forelimbs very strong, with similarities in structure to the forelimb of modern burrowing mammals.

Cistecephalus appears to have been endemic to the Karoo Basin of South Africa. It is most common in the Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone, in which it dominates the fauna, and is also found in the slightly older Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone.

It was one of the first genera of dicynodonts to be described, by Richard Owen, in 1876.

Cistecephalus could reach up to 60 centimetres (24 in) in length.

Aulacephalodon
Aulacephalodon ("furrow-head tooth") is an extinct genus of medium-sized dicynodonts, or non-mammalian synapsids, that lived during late Permian period. Individuals of Aulacephalodon are commonly found in the Lower Beaufort Group of the Karoo Supergroup of South Africa. Rising to dominance during the Late Permian, Aulacephalodon was among the largest terrestrial vertebrate herbivores until its extinction at the end of the Permian. Three species are typically recognized, the type species, A. bainii (named in 1898), a second species, A. peavoti (named in 1921), and a third species, A. kapoliwacela (named in 2025). However, debate exists among paleontologists if A. peavoti is a true member of the genus Aulacephalodon. Aulacephalodon belongs to the family Geikiidae, a family of dicynodonts generally characterized by their short, broad skulls and large nasal bosses. Sexual dimorphism has been identified in A. bainii.
Trollhättan
Trollhättan (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈtrɔ̂lːˌhɛtːan] ⓘ) is the 23rd-largest city in Sweden, the seat of Trollhättan Municipality, Västra Götaland County. It is situated by Göta älv, near the lake Vänern, and has a population of approximately 50,000 in the city proper. It is located 75 km (46 mi) north of Sweden's second-largest city, Gothenburg.

Eskilstuna
Eskilstuna (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈɛ̂sːkɪlsˌtʉːna] ⓘ) is a city and the seat of Eskilstuna Municipality, Södermanland County, Sweden. The city of Eskilstuna had 69,948 inhabitants in 2020, with a total population of 107,806 inhabitants in Eskilstuna municipality 2023. Eskilstuna has a large Sweden Finn population. The town is located on the River Eskilstunaån, which connects Lake Hjälmaren and Lake Mälaren.
Parmouti
Parmouti (Coptic: Ⲡⲁⲣⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ, Parmoute), also known as Pharmouthi (Ancient Greek: Φαρμουθί, Pharmouthí) and Barmudah (برموده), is the eighth month of the ancient Egyptian and Coptic calendars. It lasts between April 9 and May 8 of the Gregorian calendar.

It was also the fourth month of the Season of the Emergence, when the Nile floods receded and the crops started to grow throughout the land.

Pashons
Pashons (Coptic: Ⲡⲁϣⲟⲛⲥ, [paˈʃons]), also known as Pachon (Ancient Greek: Παχών, Pakhṓn) and Bachans (بشنس, Bashans), is the ninth month of the ancient Egyptian and Coptic calendars. It lasts between May 9 and June 7 of the Gregorian calendar.

The month of Pashons is also the first month of the Season of Shemu (Harvest) in Ancient Egypt, when the Egyptians harvest their crops throughout the land.
Capsaicin
Capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) (/kæpˈseɪ.ə.sɪn/, commonly /kæpˈseɪsɪn/) is a toxin that is the main active component of chili peppers and gives them their "spicy" or "hot" taste. It is a potent irritant for mammals, including humans, for which it produces a sensation of burning in any tissue with which it comes into contact. Capsaicin and several related amides (capsaicinoids) are produced as secondary metabolites by chili peppers, likely as deterrents against eating by mammals and against the growth of fungi. Pure capsaicin is a hydrophobic, colorless, highly pungent (i.e., spicy) crystalline solid.

Allyl isothiocyanate
Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is a naturally occurring unsaturated isothiocyanate. The colorless oil is responsible for the pungent taste of cruciferous vegetables such as mustard, radish, horseradish, and wasabi. This pungency and the lachrymatory effect of AITC are mediated through the TRPA1 and TRPV1  ion channels. It is slightly soluble in water, but more soluble in most organic solvents.
INS Kadmatt (P29)
INS Kadmatt (P29) is the second of four anti-submarine warfare corvettes built for the Indian Navy by the Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers, of Kolkata, under Project 28. She was inducted into the Eastern Naval Command of the Indian Navy.

INS Kadmatt has been named after Kadmat Island in India's Lakshadweep Islands, and carries on the legacy of her predecessor Kadmatt (P78), which served the Indian Navy for 24 years, from 23 December 1968 to 30 November 1992.

VOEA Ngahau Koula (P301)
VOEA Ngahau Koula (P301) is a Guardian-class patrol vessel designed and built for the Tonga Maritime Force by Australia. After the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea established that all maritime nations were entitled to exercise control over a 200-kilometre (120 mi) exclusive economic zone, Australia agreed to give small patrol boats to Tonga and eleven other neighbours in the Pacific Islands Forum.

Tonga was given three Pacific Forum-class patrol vessels in 1989, 1990 and 1991, VOEA Neiafu, VOEA Pangai and VOEA Savea. Those vessels were designed to have a working life of at least 30 years, so Australia designed the Guardian class, a slightly larger, and more capable replacement class. Australia delivered Ngahau Koula to Tonga on June 21, 2019. A second replacement vessel will follow in 2021.

The vessel's name means "Golden Arrow". She has been designed to be able to accommodate crews of mixed gender.
Coumarin
Coumarin (/ˈkuːmərɪn/) or 2H-chromen-2-one is an aromatic organic chemical compound with formula C9H6O2.  Its molecule can be described as a benzene molecule with two adjacent hydrogen atoms replaced by an unsaturated lactone ring −(CH)=(CH)−(C=O)−O−, forming a second six-membered heterocycle that shares two carbons with the benzene ring. It belongs to the benzopyrone chemical class and is considered a lactone.

Coumarin is a colorless crystalline solid with a sweet odor resembling the scent of vanilla and a bitter taste. It is found in many plants, where it may serve as a chemical defense against predators. While coumarin is not an anticoagulant, its 3-alkyl-4-hydroxy derivatives, such as the fungal metabolite dicoumarol, inhibit synthesis of vitamin K, a key component in blood clotting. A related compound, the prescription drug anticoagulant warfarin, is used to inhibit formation of blood clots, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism.

Perkin reaction
The Perkin reaction is an organic reaction developed by English chemist William Henry Perkin in 1868 that is used to make cinnamic acids. It gives an α,β-unsaturated aromatic acid or  α-substituted β-aryl acrylic acid by the aldol condensation of an aromatic aldehyde and an acid anhydride, in the presence of an alkali salt of the acid. The alkali salt acts as a base catalyst, and other bases can be used instead.

Several reviews have been written.
2010 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)
The European zone of qualification for the 2010 FIFA World Cup saw 53 teams competing for 13 places at the finals in South Africa. The qualification process started on 20 August 2008, nearly two months after the end of UEFA Euro 2008, and ended on 18 November 2009. The qualification process saw the first competitive matches of Montenegro.

Denmark, England, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, and Switzerland qualified in the first round by winning their groups. France, Greece, Portugal, and Slovenia qualified via the second round play-offs.

2010 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 1
The 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification UEFA Group 1 was a UEFA qualifying group for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The group comprised 2006 fourth-place finishers Portugal, along with Sweden, Denmark, Hungary, Albania and Malta.

The group was won by Denmark, who qualified for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The runners-up Portugal entered the UEFA play-off stage.
U.D. Leiria
União Desportiva de Leiria (Portuguese pronunciation: [uniˈɐ̃w dɨ lɐjˈɾiɐ]), commonly known as União de Leiria, is a Portuguese professional football club based in Leiria. Founded on 6 June 1966, it currently plays in the Liga Portugal 2, holding home matches at Estádio Dr. Magalhães Pessoa, with a 23,888-seat capacity.

Atlético Clube de Portugal
Atlético Clube de Portugal is a Portuguese sports club based in the parish of Alcântara, in the west side of Lisbon. The club was established on 18 September 1942 through the merger of two local clubs from Alcântara: Carcavelinhos Football Club and União Foot-Ball Lisboa. In addition to football, the club has sections for futsal and basketball. Historically, it also had sections for field hockey, swimming, sport fishing, cycling, table tennis, rugby, volleyball, gymnastics, triathlon, and handball.
Sanfrecce Hiroshima
Sanfrecce Hiroshima (Japanese: サンフレッチェ広島, romanized: Sanfuretche Hiroshima) is a Japanese professional football club based in Hiroshima. The club competes in the J1 League, top flight of the Japanese football league system. Sanfrecce is one of the most successful clubs in Japan. The club is the joint fourth in most J1 League titles with three, the joint first in most top-flight titles (which includes the defunct Japan Soccer League), with eight, and the club with the most participations in Emperor's Cup finals, with 15.

Sanfrecce have won three J1 League, three Emperor's Cup, one J.League Cup and four Japanese Super Cup titles. Internationally, the club has made two appearances in the FIFA Club World Cup, with their most recent appearance being in the 2015 edition.

Gainare Tottori
Gainare Tottori (ガイナーレ鳥取, Gaināre Tottori) are a Japanese football club, based in Tottori, capital of Tottori Prefecture. They play in the J3 League, the Japanese third tier of professional football league. Their team colour is green.
Alfredo González Flores
Alfredo González Flores (15 June 1877 – 28 December 1962), served as President of Costa Rica from 1914 to 1917. He was unable to complete his presidential mandate following a coup d'état on 27 January 1917, led by Federico Tinoco, his secretary for War and the Navy.

Bernardo Soto Alfaro
Ramón Bernardo Soto Alfaro (12 February 1854 – 28 January 1931) was Costa Rican lawyer, millitary officer and politician who served as the 14th President of Costa Rica from 1885 to 1889. A Freemason and prominent member of the liberal Olympus Generation, he was the second-youngest person to assume the presidency, at age 31.
Battle of Hattin
The Battle of Hattin took place on 4 July 1187, between the Crusader states of the Levant and the forces of the Ayyubid sultan Saladin. It is also known as the Battle of the Horns of Hattin, due to the shape of the nearby extinct volcano of that name.

The Muslim armies under Saladin captured or killed the vast majority of the Crusader forces, removing their capability to wage war. As a direct result of the battle, Muslims once again became the pre-eminent military power in the Holy Land, re-capturing Jerusalem and most of the other Crusader-held cities and castles. These Christian defeats prompted the Third Crusade, which began two years after the Battle of Hattin.

Siege of Kerak
The siege of Kerak was conducted by the forces of Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt Saladin against the Crusaders led by Raynald of Châtillon at the Kerak Castle from early November to 4 December 1183. Saladin had besieged Raynald's stronghold of Kerak in response to the latter's naval raids on the Pilgrim ships in the Red Sea. Saladin withdrew and returned to Damascus after King Baldwin IV of Jerusalem arrived with reinforcements.
Vietnam national under-23 football team
The Vietnam national under-23 and Olympic football team (Vietnamese: Đội tuyển Bóng đá U-23 và Olympic Quốc gia Việt Nam) represents Vietnam in international football tournaments at the under-22 and under-23 age level.

Philippines national under-23 football team
The Philippines national under-23 football team represents the Philippines in international football competitions in the Olympic Games, Asian Games, Southeast Asian Games and any other under-23 international football tournaments.  It is controlled by the Philippine Football Federation, the governing body of football in the country.

Their best finish in the ASEAN U-23 Championship is in 2025, when they reached the semifinals.

At the SEA Games, the team has achieved its best finish in the 2025 edition in Thailand by advancing to the semifinals. This at least matched the finishing of the senior team in the 1991 SEA Games.
Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot
Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot (UK: /ˈkɒroʊ/ KORR-oh, US: /kəˈroʊ, kɔːˈroʊ/ kə-ROH, kor-OH; French: [ʒɑ̃ batist kamij kɔʁo]; 16 July 1796 – 22 February 1875), or simply Camille Corot, was a French landscape and portrait painter as well as a printmaker in etching. A pivotal figure in landscape painting, his vast output simultaneously referenced the Neo-Classical tradition and anticipated the plein-air innovations of Impressionism.

Jean-Louis Forain
Jean-Louis Forain (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ lwi fɔʁɛ̃]; 23 October 1852 – 11 July 1931) was a French Impressionist painter and printmaker, working in media including oils, watercolour, pastel, etching and lithograph.  Compared to many of his Impressionist colleagues, he was more successful during his lifetime, but his reputation is now much less exalted.
Eastern massasauga
The eastern massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus) is a species of rattlesnake found in eastern North America, from southern Ontario, Canada, eastern regions of the Midwestern states, and parts of the Great Lakes region in the United States. Like all rattlesnakes, it is a pit viper and is venomous; it is the only species of venomous snake in Ontario.

Common watersnake
The common watersnake (Nerodia sipedon) is a species of large, nonvenomous, common snake in the family Colubridae. The species is native to North America. It is frequently mistaken for the venomous cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus).
Lemont, Illinois
Lemont is a village located in Cook, DuPage, and Will counties in the U.S. state of Illinois, and is a south-west suburb of Chicago.  The population was 17,629 as of the 2020 census. The village is situated on a hillside along the south banks of the Des Plaines River. It overlooks Waterfall Glen's Midwestern Bluff Savanna on the opposite side. Lemont is home to Argonne National Laboratory and other heavy industrial sites, and has a substantial European immigrant population.

Willow Springs, Illinois
Willow Springs is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States, with a small portion extending into DuPage County. The village was founded in 1892 and was named for the springs along the Des Plaines River. In 2020, the population was 5,857.
Great Eastern Crisis
The Great Eastern Crisis of 1875–1878 began in the Ottoman Empire's administrative territories in the Balkan Peninsula in 1875, with the outbreak of several uprisings and wars that resulted in the intervention of international powers, and was ended with the Treaty of Berlin in July 1878.

The war is referred to differently in various languages of the peoples involved in it due to differing sociocultural backgrounds. In Serbo-Croatian and Turkish, the war is likewise referred to as Velika istočna kriza ("Great Eastern Crisis") and Şark Buhranı ("Eastern Crisis") respectively. However, the occasionally used Turkish name Ramazan Kararnamesi ("Decree of Ramadan") refers specifically to the sovereign default declared on 30 October 1875 in historiography while 93 Harbi ("War of 93") refers to the Russo-Turkish War (the year 1293 of the Islamic Rumi calendar corresponding to the year 1877 on the Gregorian calendar).

1876 Ottoman coup d'état
On 30 May 1876, a bloodless military coup d'état occurred in the Ottoman capital of Istanbul, which resulted in the dethronement of the Ottoman Sultan Abdulaziz, and subsequently, the appointment of Murad V as the Sultan. The Ottoman Empire would be dominated by a constitutional committee chaired by Midhat Pasha for the next two years, a period known as the First Constitutional Era.
George Preddy
George Earl Preddy Jr. (February 5, 1919 – December 25, 1944) was a United States Army Air Forces officer during World War II and an flying ace credited with 26.83 enemy air-to-air kills (a number that includes shared one-half and one-third victory credits), ranking him as the top P-51 Mustang ace of World War II and eighth on the list of highest scoring American aces.

352nd Fighter Group
The 352nd Fighter Group was a unit of the Eighth Air Force that was located in the European Theater of Operations during World War II.
 The unit served as bomber escort, counter-air patrols, and attacking ground targets. It initially flew P-47 Thunderbolt aircraft before converting to P-51 Mustang in April 1944. The group was located at RAF Bodney in England for the majority of its service and were nicknamed the Blue-nosed Bastards of Bodney due to the distinctive blue of the nose and upper cowl of the P-51 Mustangs of the group.
Josh Freese
Joshua Ryan Freese (born December 25, 1972) is an American drummer. Freese has been a member of punk rock band the Vandals since 1989, new wave band Devo since 1996 and alternative rock band A Perfect Circle since 2024, the last of which he previously played in from 1999 to 2012.

A prolific session and touring drummer, Freese has appeared on over 400 albums since 1986 and performed live with artists including Nine Inch Nails, Weezer, Sublime with Rome, Sting, 311, 100 gecs, Ween, the Offspring and Danny Elfman. He was previously in hard rock band Guns N' Roses from 1997 to 1999 and rock band Foo Fighters from 2023 to 2025.

Freese's considerable output has earned him "the pristine reputation as one of the most in-demand session drummers in the business," according to Variety, while he jokingly dubbed himself "the blue collar freelance drummer to the stars."

Alessandro Cortini
Alessandro Cortini (born 24 May 1976) is an Italian musician best known for his work with the American industrial band Nine Inch Nails.
 He plays modular synthesizers, keyboards, guitar, and bass guitar.

Cortini is the first Italian inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2020, when he was inducted as a member of Nine Inch Nails.