hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nuisance
Nuisance (from archaic nocence, through Fr. noisance, nuisance, from Lat. nocere, "to hurt") is a common law tort. It means something which causes offence, annoyance, trouble or injury. A nuisance can be either public (also "common") or private. A public nuisance was defined by English scholar Sir James Fitzjames Stephen as,

"an act not warranted by law, or an omission to discharge a legal duty, which act or omission obstructs or causes inconvenience or damage to the public in the exercise of rights common to all Her Majesty's subjects".

Private nuisance is the interference with the right of specific people. Nuisance is one of the oldest causes of action known to the common law, with cases framed in nuisance going back almost to the beginning of recorded case law. Nuisance signifies that the "right of quiet enjoyment" is being disrupted to such a degree that a tort is being committed .

Sturges v Bridgman
Sturges v Bridgman (1879) LR 11 Ch D 852 is a landmark case in nuisance decided by the Court of Appeal of England and Wales. It decides that what constitutes reasonable use of one's property depends on the character of the locality, and that it is no defence that the plaintiff "came to the nuisance".
South Korea national under-20 football team
The South Korea national under-20 football team (Korean: 대한민국 20세 이하 축구 국가대표팀; recognized as Korea Republic by FIFA) represents South Korea in international youth football competitions and also can be managed as under-18 or under-19 team if necessary. South Korean under-20 team won twelve AFC U-20 Asian Cup (AFC Youth Championship) titles and reached the FIFA U-20 World Cup final once, both are the most successful results among Asian teams.

Vietnam national under-20 football team
The Vietnam national under-18, under-19 and under-20 football team represents Vietnam at international youth association football competitions for age under-18, under-19, and under-20. It is administered by the Vietnam Football Federation (VFF).

In 2016, they qualified for the 2017 FIFA U-20 World Cup by qualifying for the semi-finals of the 2016. They drew their first game, the first time a Southeast Asian country earned a point at a FIFA men's football tournament.
Venezuelan Professional Baseball League
The Venezuelan Professional Baseball League (Spanish: Liga Venezolana de Béisbol Profesional, or LVBP) is the top-level professional baseball league in Venezuela. The league's champion takes part in the Caribbean Series each year.

Cuban National Series
The Cuban National Series (Spanish: Serie Nacional de Béisbol, or SNB) is a domestic baseball competition in Cuba. Formed after the dissolution of the Cuban League in the wake of the Cuban Revolution, the National Series is a part of the Cuban baseball league system.

For most of its existence, the National Series has existed as the top-level winter league in Cuba. From 2022 to 2024, it operated as a summer league, with the top six National Series teams qualifying for the Cuban Elite League (LEB). Starting with the 2025–26 season, SNB will return to a winter league schedule, while still qualifying teams to the LEB.
WMC-TV
WMC-TV (channel 5) is a television station in Memphis, Tennessee, United States, affiliated with NBC. It is owned by Gray Media alongside low-power Telemundo affiliate WTME-LD (channel 14). The two stations share studios on Union Avenue in midtown Memphis; WMC-TV's transmitter is located in northeast Memphis, near the suburb of Bartlett, Tennessee.

List of NBC television affiliates
The following is a list of affiliates for NBC, a television network based in the United States. All affiliates owned by the network's NBC Owned Television Stations division are owned-and-operated stations.

Stations are listed in alphabetical order by state, district or territory and media market.
World Vision International
World Vision International is an interdenominational Christian humanitarian aid, development, and advocacy organization. It was founded in 1950 by Robert Pierce and Kyung-Chik Han as a service organization to provide care for children in Korea. In 1975, emergency and advocacy work was added to World Vision's objectives. It is active in over 100 countries with a total revenue including grants, product and foreign donations of US$3.14 billion.

International Justice Mission
International Justice Mission is an international non-governmental organization focused on human rights and law enforcement. It was founded in 1997 by lawyer Gary Haugen in Washington, D.C. All IJM employees are required to be practicing Christians, and 94% are nationals of the countries they work in.

IJM works to combat sex trafficking, child sexual exploitation, cybersex trafficking, forced labor, forced scamming slavery, property grabbing, and police abuse of power, and addresses citizenship rights of minorities. Some have criticized IJM’s law-enforcement based approach to combating sex trafficking, alleging that police and legal actions such as brothel raids and prosecutions have included voluntary sex workers. Others have alleged that its target-driven prosecution requirements intended for traffickers have led to misidentified targets in their rescue operations.
1978 Copa Libertadores
The 1978 edition of Copa Libertadores was won by Boca Juniors, of Argentina for the second straight year, after defeating Deportivo Cali of Colombia in the final. The defending champions won the two-leg final 0–4 on aggregate, with all four goals coming in the second-leg match after the first leg ended in a goalless draw.

1974 Copa Libertadores
The Copa Libertadores 1974 was the 15th edition of the Copa Libertadores, CONMEBOL's annual international club tournament. Defending champions Independiente won the competition, bagging their third consecutive and a record-extending fifth title.
Bratwurst
Bratwurst (German: [ˈbʁaːtvʊʁst] ⓘ) is a type of German sausage made from pork or, less commonly, beef, veal, or any combination of beef, veal, and pork. The name is derived from the Old High German Brätwurst, from brät-, finely chopped meat, and Wurst, sausage, although in modern German it is often associated with the verb braten, to pan fry or roast.

Knackwurst
Knackwurst (German pronunciation: [ˈknakˌvʊʁst] ⓘ) (in North America sometimes spelled knockwurst (listenⓘ) refers to a type of sausage of northern German origin from the mid-16th century. The many available varieties depend on the geographical region of their production.
Transistor count
The transistor count is the number of transistors in an electronic device (typically on a single substrate or silicon die). It is the most common measure of integrated circuit complexity (although the majority of transistors in modern microprocessors are contained in cache memories, which consist mostly of the same memory cell circuits replicated many times). The rate at which MOS transistor counts have increased generally follows Moore's law, which observes that transistor count doubles approximately every two years. However, being directly proportional to the area of a die, transistor count does not represent how advanced the corresponding manufacturing technology is. A better indication of this is transistor density which is the ratio of a semiconductor's transistor count to its die area.

Self-aligned gate
In semiconductor electronics fabrication technology, a self-aligned gate is a transistor manufacturing approach whereby the gate electrode of a MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor) is used as a mask for the doping of the source and drain regions. This technique ensures that the gate is naturally and precisely aligned to the edges of the source and drain.

The use of self-aligned gates in MOS transistors is one of the key innovations that led to the large increase in computing power in the 1970s. Self-aligned gates are still used in most modern integrated circuit processes.
Eltham railway station, Melbourne
Eltham station is a railway station operated by Metro Trains Melbourne on the Hurstbridge line, which is part of the Melbourne rail network. It serves the north-eastern suburb of Eltham, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Eltham station is a ground level premium station, featuring an island platform. It opened on 5 June 1902, with the current platforms provided in 1960 and the upgrades in 2013.

Eltham is the terminus for half of all services on the line. Five stabling sidings are located to the west of Platform 2, with the site previously having been a goods yard. The last timber trestle bridge on the Melbourne suburban network is located to the south of the station.

Dysons
Dyson Group of Companies, operating as Dysons, is a bus and coach operator in Victoria, Australia. The oldest of its subsidiary companies is L.C. Dysons Bus Services, which was founded in June 1952 and is based in Bundoora in the northern suburbs of Melbourne.
Curator
A curator (from Latin  cura 'to take care') is a manager or overseer. When working with cultural organizations, a curator is typically a "collections curator" or an "exhibitions curator", and has multifaceted tasks dependent on the particular institution and its mission. The term "curator" may designate the head of any given division, not limited to museums. Curator roles include "community curators", "literary curators", "digital curators", and "biocurators".

Arts administration
Arts administration (alternatively arts management) is a field in the arts sector that facilitates programming within cultural organizations. Arts administrators are responsible for facilitating the day-to-day operations of the organization as well as the long term goals by and fulfilling its vision, mission and mandate. Arts management became present in the arts and culture sector in the 1960s. Organizations include professional non-profit (referred to as not-for-profit in Canada) entities. For examples, theaters, museums, symphony orchestras, concert bands, jazz organizations, opera houses, ballet companies and many smaller professional and non-professional for-profit arts-related organizations (e.g. auction houses, art galleries, music companies, etc.). The duties of an arts administrator can include staff management, marketing, budget management, public relations, fundraising, program development evaluation, community engagement, strategic planning, and board relations.
2002 Russian census
The 2002 Russian census (Russian: Всеросси́йская пе́репись населе́ния 2002 го́да) was the first census of the Russian Federation since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, carried out on October 9 through October 16, 2002. It was carried out by the Russian Federal Service of State Statistics (Rosstat).

Torzhoksky District
Torzhoksky District (Russian: Торжо́кский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Spirovsky District in the north, Likhoslavlsky District in the northeast, Kalininsky District in the east, Staritsky District in the south, Kuvshinovsky District in the west, and with Vyshnevolotsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 3,128 square kilometers (1,208 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Torzhok (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 22,534 (2010 Census);  23,856 (2002 census); 27,376 (1989 Soviet census).
Tipperary GAA
The Tipperary County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Chontae Thiobraid Árann) or Tipperary GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Tipperary and the Tipperary county teams.

County Tipperary holds an honoured place in the history of the GAA as the organisation was founded in Hayes' Hotel, Thurles, on 1 November 1884.

The county football team was the second from the province of Munster both to win an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC) title, as well as to appear in a final, following Limerick.

The county hurling team is third in the all-time rankings for All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (SHC) titles, behind only Cork and Kilkenny.

2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final
The 2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, the 130th event of its kind and the culmination of the 2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, was played at Croke Park in Dublin on 3 September 2017.

The final was shown live in Ireland on RTÉ2 as part of The Sunday Game live programme, presented by Michael Lyster from Croke Park, with studio analysis from Liam Sheedy, Henry Shefflin and Ger Loughnane. Match commentary was provided by Marty Morrissey with analysis by Michael Duignan. The game was also shown live on Sky Sports, presented by Rachel Wyse and Brian Carney.

Galway won their fifth All-Ireland title, winning by three points, it was their first title since 1988.

The match drew a peak audience of 1.1 million which made it the most watched RTÉ broadcast of 2017 up to then before being overtaken by the football final, it had an average audience of 901,500.
Running back
A running back (RB) is a member of the offensive backfield in gridiron football. The primary roles of a running back are to receive handoffs from the quarterback to rush the ball, to line up as a receiver to catch the ball, and block. There are usually one or two running backs on the field for a given play, depending on the offensive formation. A running back may be a halfback (in certain contexts also referred to as a "tailback" ⁠ ⁠—  see below), a wingback, or a fullback. A running back will sometimes be called a "feature back" if he is the team's key player/more prominent running back.

With the increase in pass-oriented offenses and single set back formations, it is more common to refer to these players as simply running backs.

Play-action pass
A play-action pass (also known as a play fake or simply "play-action") is an American football play.  The play action starts with what appears to be a running play, but turns out to be a pass play; in this way, it can be considered the opposite of a draw play. Play-action passes are often used against defenses that are focused on stopping the run. By initially simulating a running play, the offense attempts to deceive the defense into acting on the fake run placing them out of position in their pass coverage, and giving receivers more time and room to be free to receive passes behind the linebackers.
Mayor of Auckland
The mayor of Auckland is the elected head of local government in the Auckland Region of New Zealand's North Island; one of 67 mayors in the country. The principal city of the region is Auckland. The mayor presides over the Auckland Council and is directly elected using the first-past-the-post method.

The position has existed since 2010 when the previously existing authorities in the region were merged into one region-wide authority.

James Clark (businessman)
James McCosh Clark (12 August 1833 – 26 January 1898) was Mayor of Auckland City in the 1880s. He was a successful businessman until many of his ventures failed during the depression of the 1880s, causing him to return to England for the last decade of his life. He was the son of Archibald Clark.
Okanogan County, Washington
Okanogan County (/ˌoʊkəˈnɑːɡən/) is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington along the Canada–U.S. border. As of the 2020 census, the population was 42,104. The county seat is Okanogan, while the most populous city is Omak. It is the largest county by area in the state.

About a fifth of the county's residents live in the Greater Omak Area. The county forms a portion of the Okanogan Country. The first county seat was Ruby, which has now been a ghost town for more than 100 years.

Okanogan County was formed out of Stevens County in February 1888. The name derives from the Okanagan language place name ukʷnaqín. The name Okanogan (Okanagan) also refers to a part of southern British Columbia.

Okanagan Lake
Okanagan Lake (Okanagan: kɬúsx̌nítkw) is a lake in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia, Canada. The lake is 135 km (84 mi) long, between 4 and 5 km (2.5 and 3.1 mi) wide, and has a surface area of 348 km2 (135 sq. mi.).
Özbeg Khan
Özbeg or Uzbeg Khan (1282–1341), also known as Giyas ad-Din Muhammad Uzbek Khan, was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1313 to 1341. He was the longest-reigning khan, under whose rule the state reached its zenith. He was succeeded by his son Tini Beg. He was the son of Toghrilcha and grandson of Mengu-Timur, who had been khan of the Golden Horde from 1266 to 1280.

Staryi Krym
Staryi Krym (Ukrainian: Старий Крим; Crimean Tatar: Eski Qırım; Russian: Старый Крым; Armenian: Հին Ղրիմ lit. 'Old Crimea' in all four languages) is a small historical city and former bishopric in Kirovske (Isliam-Terek) Raion of Crimea, Ukraine. It has been occupied by Russia since 2014 (see Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation). It is located in the Eastern Crimean Peninsula, approximately 25 km (15 mi.) west of Theodosia. Population: 9,277 (2014 Census).
Knight Rider (1982 TV series)
Knight Rider is an American action crime drama television series created and produced by Glen A. Larson. The series was originally broadcast on NBC from September 26, 1982, to April 4, 1986. The show stars David Hasselhoff as Michael Knight, a sleek and modern crime fighter assisted by KITT, an advanced, artificially intelligent, self-aware, and nearly indestructible car. This was the last series Larson devised at Universal Television before he moved to 20th Century Fox Television. While the series received negative reviews from critics during its initial run, retrospective reviews have been more positive from audiences and critics alike. The series has received a cult following.

The F.B.I. (TV series)
The F.B.I. is an American police procedural television series created by Quinn Martin and Philip Saltzman for ABC and co-produced with Warner Bros. Television, with sponsorship from the Ford Motor Company, Alcoa and American Tobacco Company (Tareyton and Pall Mall brands) in the first season. Ford sponsored the show alone for subsequent seasons. The series was broadcast on ABC from 1965 until its end in 1974. Starring Efrem Zimbalist Jr., Philip Abbott and William Reynolds, the series, consisting of nine seasons and 241 episodes, chronicles a group of FBI agents trying to defend the American government from unidentified threats. For the entirety of its run, it was broadcast on Sunday nights.
Herschel Savage
Herschel Savage (born Harvey Cohen, November 25, 1952 – October 8, 2023) was an American pornographic actor, director, and stage actor who appeared in over 1,000 adult films. In 2002, AVN ranked him 46th on their list of The Top 50 Porn Stars of All Time. He was also inducted into the AVN and XRCO Halls of Fame.

List of members of the AVN Hall of Fame
The AVN (Adult Video News) Hall of Fame has honored people for their work in the adult entertainment industry since 1995. The individuals inducted into the AVN Hall of Fame have "made significant contributions to the adult industry" and have had "a minimum of 10 years in the industry" to be considered for induction.

There are several branches of the AVN Hall of Fame:

Performers and directors enter the original AVN, video-based Hall of Fame.

The Founders branch is "for those who founded the industry's pioneering companies".

The Internet Founders branch is "for those who built the online sector" of the industry.

The Pleasure Products branch is "for manufacturers, distributors, and retailers of sex toys".

The Executive branch is "for key members of the industry who work behind the scenes in the corporate offices or excelled in other capacities—for example, in sales, marketing, or education".
2015 Skate Canada International
The 2015 Skate Canada International was the second event of six in the 2015–16 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating, a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held at the ENMAX Centre in Lethbridge, Alberta on October 30 – November 1. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 2015–16 Grand Prix Final.

2015 CS Ondrej Nepela Trophy
The 2015 Ondrej Nepela Trophy was the 23rd edition of an annual senior international figure skating competition held in Bratislava, Slovakia. A part of the 2015–16 ISU Challenger Series, it was held on October 1–3, 2015 at the Ondrej Nepela Ice Rink. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.
Hans Makart
Hans Makart (28 May 1840 – 3 October 1884) was an Austrian academic history painter, designer and decorator. Makart was a prolific painter whose ideas significantly influenced the development of visual art in Austria-Hungary, Germany, and other countries.

Gabriel von Max
Gabriel Cornelius Ritter von Max (23 August 1840 in Prague, Kingdom of Austria – 24 November 1915 in Munich) was a Prague-born Austrian-German painter, and professor of history painting at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. He was also a collector of anthropological artifacts. His collection included between 60.000 and 80.000 objects from Zoology, Anthropology, Ethology, and Prehistory. The collection is displayed in the Reiss Engelhorn Museum in Mannheim.
Arthur V. Dias
Arthur Vincent Dias (10 February 1886 – 31 July 1960), commonly known as Arthur V. Dias, was a philanthropist, temperance movement member and an independence activist of Sri Lanka (then known as Ceylon). A planter by profession, he is known for the jackfruit propagation campaign he pioneered throughout the country, which earned him the name "Kos Mama" (Sin. ''Jack Fruit Uncle'). A national hero of Sri Lanka, Dias also helped a number of educational establishments in the country. Before Sri Lanka gained independence from British rule, he was imprisoned by the colonial government and sentenced to death, although he was later released.

W. A. de Silva
Wilmot Arthur de Silva (15 March 1869 - April 1942) was a Ceylonese veterinary surgeon, politician and philanthropist. He was the Minister of Health (1936–1942) in the second State Council of Ceylon and a former President of the Ceylon National Congress.
Turbocharger
In an internal combustion engine, a turbocharger (also known as a turbo or a turbosupercharger) is a forced induction device that compresses the intake air, forcing more air into the engine in order to produce more power for a given displacement.

Turbochargers are distinguished from superchargers in that a turbocharger is powered by the kinetic energy of the exhaust gases, whereas a supercharger is mechanically powered, usually by a belt from the engine's crankshaft. However, up until the mid-20th century, a turbocharger was called a "turbosupercharger" and was considered a type of supercharger.

Ford Modular engine
The Ford Modular engine is an overhead camshaft (OHC) V8 and V10 gasoline-powered small block engine family introduced by Ford Motor Company in 1990 for the 1991 model year. The term “modular” applied to the setup of tooling and casting stations in the Windsor and Romeo engine manufacturing plants, not the engine itself.

The Modular engine family started with the 4.6 L in 1990 for the 1991 model year. The Modular engines are used in various Ford, Lincoln, and Mercury vehicles. Modular engines used in Ford trucks were marketed under the Triton name from 1997–2010 while the InTech name was used for a time at Lincoln and Mercury for vehicles equipped with DOHC versions of the engines. The engines were first produced at the Ford Romeo Engine Plant, then additional capacity was added at the Windsor Engine Plant in Windsor, Ontario.