hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sijilmasa
Sijilmasa (Arabic: سجلماسة; also transliterated Sijilmassa, Sidjilmasa, Sidjilmassa and Sigilmassa) was a medieval Moroccan city and trade entrepôt at the northern edge of the Sahara in Morocco. The ruins of the town extend for five miles along the River Ziz in the Tafilalt oasis near the town of Rissani. Its founding is associated with the creation of the Tafilalt oasis, and much of its economic success during the medieval period has been attributed to the agricultural capabilities granted by the oasis' massive canal. The town's history was marked by several successive invasions by Berber dynasties. Up until the 14th century, as the northern terminus for the western trans-Sahara trade route, it was one of the most important trade centres in the Maghreb during the Middle Ages.

Sanhaja
The Sanhaja (Arabic: صنهاجة, romanized: Ṣanhāja, or زناگة, Znāga; Berber languages: Aẓnag, pl. Iẓnagen, and Aẓnaj, pl. Iẓnajen) were a large Berber tribal confederation, along with the Zanata and Masmuda confederations. Many tribes in Algeria, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Senegal, Tunisia and Western Sahara bore and still carry this ethnonym, especially in its Berber form.

Other names include Zenaga, Znaga, Sanhája, Sanhâdja and Senhaja.
David Rockefeller
David Rockefeller (June 12, 1915 – March 20, 2017) was an American economist and investment banker who served as chairman and chief executive of Chase Manhattan Corporation. He was the oldest living member of the Rockefeller family from 2004 until his death in 2017. Rockefeller was the fifth son and youngest child of John D. Rockefeller Jr. and Abby Aldrich Rockefeller, and a grandson of John D. Rockefeller and Laura Spelman Rockefeller.

He was noted for his wide-ranging political connections and foreign travel, in which he met with many foreign leaders. His fortune was estimated at $3.3 billion at the time of his death.

Sam Zell
Samuel Zell (born Shmuel Zielonka; September 28, 1941 – May 18, 2023) was an American billionaire businessman and philanthropist primarily engaged in real estate investment. Companies founded by or controlled by Zell include Equity Residential, Equity International, EQ Office, Covanta, Tribune Media, and Anixter.
City Lights (1984 TV series)
City Lights is a Scottish television sitcom made by BBC Scotland and set in Glasgow. It ran from 1984 to 1991 (networked 1987 to 1991) and was written by Bob Black. Two stage shows, featuring the original cast, toured Scotland.

Taggart
Taggart is a Scottish detective fiction television programme created by Glenn Chandler, who wrote many of the episodes, and made by STV Studios for the ITV network. It originally ran as the miniseries Killer from 6 until 20 September 1983, before a full series was commissioned that ran from 2 July 1985 until 7 November 2010. The series revolved around a group of detectives initially in the Maryhill CID of Strathclyde Police, though various storylines were set in other parts of Greater Glasgow and in other areas of Scotland. The team operated out of the fictional John Street police station. Mark McManus, who played the title character Jim Taggart, died in 1994. However, the series continued under the same name. Taggart is one of the UK's longest-running television dramas.
Longleaf pine
The longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) is a pine species native to the Southeastern United States, found along the coastal plain from East Texas to southern Virginia, extending into northern and central Florida. In this area it is also known as "yellow pine" or "long leaf yellow pine", although it is properly just one out of a number of species termed yellow pine.  It reaches a height of 30–35 m (98–115 ft) and a diameter of 0.7 m (28 in). In the past, before extensive logging, they reportedly grew to 47 m (154 ft) with a diameter of 1.2 m (47 in). The tree is a cultural symbol of the Southern United States, being the official state tree of Alabama. This particular species is one of the eight pine tree species that falls under the "Pine" designation as the state tree of North Carolina.

Quercus incana
Quercus incana is a species of oak known by the common names bluejack oak, upland willow oak, sandjack oak, and cinnamon oak. It is native to the Atlantic Plain and Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States, from Virginia around Florida to Texas and inland to Oklahoma and Arkansas.
MSV Duisburg
Meidericher Spielverein 02 e. V. Duisburg, commonly known as simply MSV Duisburg (German pronunciation: [ʔɛm ʔɛs faʊ ˈdyːsbʊɐ̯k]), is a German association football club based in Duisburg, North Rhine-Westphalia. Nicknamed Die Zebras for their traditional striped jerseys, the club was one of the original members of the Bundesliga when it was formed in 1963.

VfB Lübeck
VfB Lübeck is a German association football club playing in Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, in the country's north. It is most known for reaching the semifinals of the German Cup in the 2003/2004 season. They played in the 2. Bundesliga from 1995 to 1997 and 2002 to 2004. Their football home stadium is the Stadion an der Lohmühle.

The club is mostly known for its football department, but it is also successful in table tennis.
West Kirby
West Kirby (/wɛst ˈkɜːrbi/) is a coastal town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, Merseyside, England. In the north west of the Wirral Peninsula and at the mouth of the River Dee, the town is contiguous with Hoylake. It lies within the historic county boundaries of Cheshire, and became part of Merseyside in 1974. The built up area had a population of 13,380 at the 2021 census.

Hooton, Cheshire
Hooton is a suburban village and former civil parish on the Wirral Peninsula, within the unitary authority of Cheshire West and Chester and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. It was once a separate village but was incorporated into Ellesmere Port as the town expanded outwards during the twentieth century.

The 2011 census recorded the population of the Hooton built-up area as 385.
The Bells of St. Mary's
The Bells of St. Mary's is a 1945 American comedy-drama film produced and directed by Leo McCarey and starring Bing Crosby and Ingrid Bergman. Written by Dudley Nichols and based on a story by McCarey, the film is about a priest and a nun who, despite their good-natured rivalry, try to save their parochial school from being shut down. The character Father O'Malley had been previously portrayed by Crosby in the 1944 film Going My Way, for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor. The film was produced by Leo McCarey's production company, Rainbow Productions.

The Spanish Main
The Spanish Main is a 1945 American adventure film starring Paul Henreid, Maureen O'Hara, Walter Slezak and Binnie Barnes, and directed by Frank Borzage. It was RKO's first all-Technicolor film since Becky Sharp ten years before.

Cinematographer George Barnes received an Oscar nomination for Best Color Cinematography. Though a box-office hit upon its first release, the film is chiefly remembered today for its lavish and intricate score by Hanns Eisler.
Tony Conrad
Anthony Schmalz Conrad (March 7, 1940 – April 9, 2016)  was an American video artist, experimental filmmaker, musician, composer, sound artist, teacher, and writer. Active in a variety of media since the early 1960s, he was a pioneer of both drone music and structural film. As a musician, he was an important figure in the New York minimalist scene of the 1960s, during which time he performed as part of the Theatre of Eternal Music (along with John Cale, La Monte Young, Marian Zazeela, Terry Riley, and others). He became recognized as a filmmaker for his 1966 film The Flicker. He performed and collaborated with a wide range of artists over the course of his career.

Rhys Chatham
Rhys Chatham (born September 19, 1952) is an American composer, guitarist, trumpet player, and multi-instrumentalist (flutes in C, alto and bass, keyboard), primarily active in avant-garde and minimalist music. He is best known for his "guitar orchestra" compositions. He has lived in France since 1987.
Aelbert Cuyp
Aelbert Jacobszoon Cuyp or Cuijp (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɑlbər ˈtɕaːkɔpsoːŋ ˈkœyp]; 20 October 1620 – 15 November 1691) was one of the leading Dutch Golden Age painters, producing mainly landscapes. The most famous of a family of painters, the pupil of his father, Jacob Gerritszoon Cuyp (1594–1651/52), he is especially known for his large views of Dutch riverside scenes in a golden early morning or late afternoon light. He was born and died in Dordrecht.

Gerard ter Borch
Gerard ter Borch (Dutch: [ˈɣeːrɑrt tɛr ˈbɔr(ə)x]; December 1617 – 8 December 1681), also known as Gerard Terburg (Dutch: [ˈɣeːrɑrt tɛrˈbʏr(ə)x]), was a Dutch Golden Age painter mainly of genre subjects. He influenced his fellow Dutch painters Gabriel Metsu, Gerrit Dou, Eglon van der Neer and Johannes Vermeer. According to Arthur K. Wheelock Jr., Ter Borch "established a new framework for subject matter, taking people into the sanctum of the home", showing the figures' uncertainties and expertly hinting at their inner lives. His influence as a painter, however, was later surpassed by Vermeer.
Godfrey Kneller
Sir Godfrey Kneller, 1st Baronet (born Gottfried Kniller; 8 August 1646 – 19 October 1723) was a German-born British painter. The leading portraitist in England during the late Stuart and early Georgian eras, he served as court painter to successive English and British monarchs, including Charles II of England and George I of Great Britain. Kneller also painted scientists such as Isaac Newton, foreign monarchs such as Louis XIV of France and visitors to England such as Michael Shen Fu-Tsung. A pioneer of the kit-cat portrait, he was also commissioned by William III of England to paint eight "Hampton Court Beauties" to match a similar series of paintings of Charles II's "Windsor Beauties" that had been painted by Kneller's predecessor as court painter, Peter Lely.

National Portrait Gallery, London
The National Portrait Gallery (NPG) is an art gallery in London that houses a collection of portraits of historically important and famous British people. When it opened in 1856, it was arguably the first national public gallery in the world that was dedicated to portraits.

The gallery moved in 1896 to its current site at St Martin's Place, off Trafalgar Square, and adjoining the National Gallery. The National Portrait Gallery also has regional outposts at Beningbrough Hall in Yorkshire and Montacute House in Somerset. It is unconnected to the Scottish National Portrait Gallery in Edinburgh, with which its remit overlaps. The gallery is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.
Cassie Steele
Cassandra Rae Steele (born December 2, 1989) is a Canadian actress and singer known for portraying Manny Santos on Degrassi: The Next Generation and Abby Vargas on The L.A. Complex. In 2014, she played Sarah in the MTV horror television movie The Dorm. She also voices Tammy Gueterman and Tricia Lange in Adult Swim's Rick and Morty.

Lauren Collins
Lauren Felice Collins (born August 29, 1986) is a Canadian actress, best known for portraying Paige Michalchuk on Degrassi: The Next Generation. She has also had supporting roles in the films Take the Lead (2006) and Charlie Bartlett (2007). In 2013, she appeared in multiple episodes of the sketch comedy Kroll Show, as well as a recurring guest role in the fourth season of the FX series The Strain (2017).
Vector (rapper)
Olanrewaju Ogunmefun, better known by his stage name Vector, is a Nigerian rapper, singer and songwriter. He has released three studio albums, including State of Surprise and The Second Coming (2012). In anticipation of his second studio album, he released a mixtape titled Bar Racks. Lafíaji, his third studio album was released in December 2016. He also released a mixtape in October 2018, The Rap Dialogue, in an effort to keep the spirit of Nigerian hip-hop alive. In November 2019, his fourth studio album, Vibes Before Teslim: A Journey to Self-Discovery, was released.

He is the voice behind a Sprite commercial that aired on radio stations across Nigeria since 2009. He also had "the longest freestyle rap in Nigeria".

In November 2019, he signed a joint venture with Starstruck Management Inc and Create Music Group to release his 4th studio project Extended play titled "Vibes Before Teslim: A Journey To Self-Discovery".

Seyi Shay
Deborah Oluwaseyi Joshua (listenⓘ; born 21 December 1985), known professionally as Seyi Shay, is a Nigerian singer, songwriter and actress. She was a member of From Above, a now-defunct girl group that was previously signed to Columbia Records and managed by Mathew Knowles. Shay relocated to Nigeria after the group disbanded in 2011, and signed a record deal with Flytime Music. She released her debut studio album, Seyi or Shay, in November 2015. It was supported by several singles, including "Murda", "Crazy", "Jangilova", and "Right Now". In January 2021, Shay signed a publishing deal with the French division of Universal Music Publishing Group. Her second studio album, Big Girl, was released on 10 December 2021.
Jack Hawksworth
Jack William Hawksworth (born 28 February 1991) is a British professional racing driver from Bradford, West Yorkshire. As of 2020, he competes in the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship for Vasser Sullivan Racing in a Lexus RCF GT3.

Hawksworth has also raced in the Star Mazda Championship, Formula Renault 2.0, IndyCar Series, NASCAR Xfinity Series, and NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series.

Steven Thomas (racing driver)
Steven Thomas (born July 12, 1967) is an American attorney at TAFS and amateur racing driver. As a gentleman driver, Thomas has competed in endurance events such as the FIA World Endurance Championship, WeatherTech SportsCar Championship, IMSA Prototype Challenge and Michelin Le Mans Cup.
EFL League Two
The English Football League Two, simply known as League Two and for sponsorship purposes as Sky Bet League Two, is the third and lowest division of the English Football League (EFL) and the fourth-highest tier in the English football league system, after the Premier League, EFL Championship and the EFL League One. It is contested by 24 professional clubs.

Introduced for the 2004–05 English football season as Football League Two, it is a rebrand of the former Football League Third Division.

As of the 2025–26 season, Newport County hold the longest tenure in this division following their promotion in the 2012–13 season. There are currently two former Premier League clubs competing in this division: Oldham Athletic (1992–94) and Swindon Town (1993–94).

The current holders are Doncaster Rovers.

2012 Football League Trophy final
The 2012 Football League Trophy Final was the 29th final of the domestic football cup competition for teams from Football Leagues One and Two, the Football League Trophy. The final was played at Wembley Stadium in London on 25 March 2012. The match was contested between Chesterfield from League One and Swindon Town from League Two. Chesterfield won the game 2–0.
Stanton Barrett
Stanton Thomas Barrett (born December 1, 1972) is an American professional stock car racing driver and Hollywood stuntman. He is the co-owner of Barrett–Cope Racing, which fields the No. 30 Chevrolet in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series. which he co-owns. He has previously competed in the WRL and HSR/SVRA Vintage Series.

The son of former stuntman Stan Barrett, he began NASCAR racing in the early 1990s, starting with the Daytona Dash Series in 1991 and moving on to the Busch North and Busch Series in 1992. Seven years later, he started racing in the Cup Series, making his series debut with Donlavey Racing in 1999. Barrett has since run part-time across NASCAR's top three series, sometimes as an owner/driver. Barrett has also competed in the IndyCar Series, running four races in 2009 for Team 3G.

Travis Kvapil
Travis Wade Kvapil (/ˈkwɔːpəl/ KWAW-pəl; born March 1, 1976) is an American former professional stock car driver. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series, driving the No. 1 Chevrolet Silverado for Beaver Motorsports.

He was the 2003 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series champion.
Witney (UK Parliament constituency)
Witney is a county constituency in Oxfordshire represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament by the first-past-the-post system of election, and was created for the 1983 general election.

Historically a safe Conservative Party seat for the most part of its existence, it has been represented since 2024 by Charles Maynard of the Liberal Democrats. From 2001 to 2016, the constituency was represented by David Cameron, who was the prime minister from 2010 until his resignation in 2016, and the Leader of the Conservative Party (2005–2016).

Mid Oxfordshire
Mid Oxfordshire was a parliamentary constituency in Oxfordshire, returning one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Unusually, its official name - Mid-Oxon - incorporated an abbreviation (Oxon, for Oxonia) but the full form of the county name was and is normally used in referring to the constituency.

The constituency was created for the February 1974 general election from parts of the seats of Banbury and Henley, and abolished for the 1983 general election.

Throughout its existence, the seat was represented for the Conservatives by Douglas Hurd with comfortable majorities.
Daniele Capezzone
Daniele Capezzone (born 8 September 1972) is an Italian journalist and former politician.

From 14 July 2001 to 4 November 2006, he was secretary of the Italian Radicals, a liberal, pro-market economy, libertarian movement associated with the Transnational Radical Party. He has been one of the youngest party-secretaries in Italy so far.

In 2006-2008, he was the President of the 10th Permanent Commission (Productive Affairs, Trade and Tourism) of the Italian Chamber of Deputies.

Antonio Martino
Antonio Martino (22 December 1942 – 5 March 2022) was an Italian politician and economist who a deputy and minister during the early years of the Second Italian Republic. A founding member of Forza Italia (FI), he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1994 and Minister of Defence from 2001 to 2006. Martino was the son of a prominent Italian Liberal Party (PLI) who served as foreign minister in the 1950s. He followed his father's politics and joined the PLI in 1968.

After graduating in Jurisprudence, Martino moved to the United States and became a professor. He was also a prolific writer and author, and wrote for numerous publications. From 1994 to 2018, he was a member of the Chamber of Deputies. First elected with Forza Italia, he was a founding member of The People of Freedom (PdL), which was Forza Italia's successor in 2009, and was part of Forza Italia's refoundation in 2013.
Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
The Revolutionary movement for Indian Independence was part of the Indian independence movement comprising the actions of violent underground revolutionary factions. Groups believing in armed revolution against the ruling British fall into this category, as opposed to the generally peaceful civil disobedience movement spearheaded by Mahatma Gandhi.

The revolutionary groups were mainly concentrated in Bengal, Bombay, Bihar, the United Provinces and Punjab. More groups were scattered across India.

1915 Singapore Mutiny
The 1915 Singapore Mutiny, (also known as the 1915 Sepoy Mutiny or the Mutiny of the 5th Light Infantry) was a mutiny of elements of the British Indian Army's 5th Light Infantry in British Singapore. Up to half of the regiment, which consisted of Indian Muslims predominantly from Rajput background, mutinied on 15 February 1915 due to rumours that they would be sent to fight against the largely Muslim Ottoman Empire as part of the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I. The mutineers killed 36 soldiers and civilians before the mutiny was suppressed by Allied forces. After the mutiny, more than 205 mutineers were tried by court-martial, and 47 were publicly executed by firing squad.
Karthik (singer)
Karthik (born 7 November 1980) is an Indian playback singer and composer. Karthik started his professional singing career as a backing vocalist and has since been working as a playback singer. He has sung more than 8000 songs in 15+ Indian languages including Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Odia, Bengali, Marathi and Hindi.

Andrea Jeremiah
Andrea Maria Jeremiah (born 21 December 1985), known professionally as Andrea Jeremiah, is an Indian actress and singer who works predominantly in Tamil and Malayalam films. She is a recipient of several awards including nominations for  Filmfare Awards South.

Andrea made her playback singing debut with "Kannum Kannum Nokia" in the Tamil film Anniyan, with music composed by Harris Jayaraj. She made her acting debut in the Tamil film Pachaikili Muthucharam (2007). She has since appeared in several commercially successful films such as Annayum Rasoolum (2013), Vishwaroopam (2013), Tadakha (2013), Endrendrum Punnagai (2013), Aranmanai (2014), Loham (2015), Thoppil Jopaan (2016), Taramani (2017), Aval (2017), Vada Chennai (2018), Aranmanai 3 (2021) and Anel Meley Pani Thuli (2022).
Louis Manzo
Louis Manzo (born February 28, 1955, in Jersey City, New Jersey) is an American Democratic Party politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 2004 to 2008, where he represented the 31st legislative district, and who ran unsuccessfully for Mayor of Jersey City, New Jersey.

L. Harvey Smith
Leonard Harvey Smith (born December 19, 1948) is an American Democratic Party politician who has served in the General Assembly from January 8, 2008 to January 10, 2010, where he represented the 31st legislative district. He is the former Acting Mayor of Jersey City, New Jersey and previously served in the New Jersey Senate. He did not seek re-election in 2009.
Robert Sternberg
Robert J. Sternberg (born December 8, 1949) is an American psychologist and psychometrician. He is a professor of Human Development at Cornell University. Sternberg received his BA from Yale University and a PhD from Stanford University under advisor Gordon Bower. He is a distinguished associate of the Psychometrics Centre at the University of Cambridge.

Among his major contributions to psychology, the most notable are the triarchic theory of intelligence and several influential theories related to creativity, wisdom, thinking styles, love, hate, and leadership. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Sternberg as the 60th most cited psychologist of the 20th century.

Elaine Hatfield
Elaine Hatfield (formerly also known as Elaine Walster; born October 22, 1937) is an American social psychologist. She has been credited, alongside Ellen Berscheid, as a primary pioneer in the scientific study of love, initially with contributions to the emerging field of interpersonal attraction in the 1960s. The Passionate Love Scale, developed later in 1986 by Hatfield and Susan Sprecher, is one of the most widely used in the field.

She is employed as a professor in the psychology department of the University of Hawaii.