hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Samogitia
Samogitia, often known by its Lithuanian name Žemaitija (Samogitian: Žemaitėjė; see below for alternative and historical names) is one of the five cultural regions of Lithuania and formerly one of the two core administrative divisions of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania alongside Lithuania proper.

Žemaitija is located in northwestern Lithuania. Its capital city is Telšiai and the largest city is Šiauliai (located on the border between Samogitia and Aukštaitija). Throughout centuries, Samogitia developed a separate culture featuring diverse architecture, folk costumes, dances, songs, traditions, and a distinct Samogitian language.

Famous landmarks include Tauragė Castle, Plungė Manor and Hill of Crosses.

Plungė
Plungė (pronunciationⓘ; Samogitian: Plongė; Polish: Płungiany) is a city in Lithuania with 17,252 inhabitants. Plunge is the capital of the Plungė District Municipality which has 33,251 inhabitants (2022). Two parts of the city are separated by the Babrungas River and two bridges are built over it.

Plungė is known for Plungė Manor and its park, where the Samogitian Art Museum is located. In the Oginskiai manor park stands the Perkūnas oak natural monument. The Lourdes grotto of Plungė was created in 1905 and attracts visitors. In the center of Plungė stands a monument for the 10th anniversary of regaining the independence of Lithuania and a sculpture of Saint Florian built by the Lithuanian book carrier Kazys Barzdys.

The city has a crab stick factory which exports to many countries in Europe.
Hebi
Hebi (simplified Chinese: 鹤壁; traditional Chinese: 鶴壁; pinyin: Hèbì [xɤ̂.pî]; postal: Hopi) is a prefecture-level city in northern Henan province, China. Situated in mountainous terrain at the edge of the Shanxi plateau, Hebi is about 25 miles (40 km) south of Anyang, 40 miles (64 km) northeast of Xinxiang and 65 miles (105 km) north of Kaifeng.

As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,565,973 inhabitants and in the 2018 estimate 574,000 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Qibin District and Qi County largely conurbated. One can notice that Shancheng District and Heshan District are for the moment, part of another built-up area of 372,600 inhabitants close to Anyang.

Hebi has several coal mines. The city is also home to the Hebi New Area, an economic development zone.

Puyang
Puyang is a prefecture-level city in northeastern Henan province, People's Republic of China. Located on the northern shore of the Yellow River, it borders Anyang in the west, Xinxiang in the southwest, and the provinces of Shandong and Hebei in the east and north respectively.

As of the 2020 census, its total population was 3,772,088 and its built-up (or metro) area made of Hualong district, Puyang County and Qingfeng County largely being conurbated, was home to 2,524,658 inhabitants.
Sŏng Sammun
Sammun Seong (Korean: 성삼문; Hanja: 成三問; 1418 – June 8, 1456) was a scholar-official of the early Joseon period who rose to prominence in the court of King Sejong the Great (r. 1418–1450). He was executed after being implicated in a plot to dethrone King Sejo (r. 1455–1468) and restore his predecessor King Danjong (r. 1452–1455), and is known as one of the sayuksin (사육신, the six martyred ministers) with reference to this plot.

Pak P'aengnyŏn
Pak P'aengnyŏn (Korean: 박팽년; Hanja: 朴彭年; 1417 – 7 June 1456) was a scholar-official of the early Joseon Dynasty, and is known as one of the six martyred ministers.   He was born to a yangban family of the Suncheon Pak clan, and was the son of high minister Pak Chungnim.  He passed the lower national service examination at a royal visitation in 1434, and was later appointed to the Hall of Worthies by Sejong.  In the 1440s, he participated with other members of the Hall of Worthies in the creation of the Hunminjeongeum and the creation of the Hangul alphabet.  He passed the higher literary examination in 1447, and rose to vice-minister of justice under Danjong in 1454. He was an 8th cousin of Pak Wŏnjong, the maternal uncle of Yun Im and Queen Janggyeong, the second wife of King Jungjong.
Cancer pagurus
Cancer pagurus, commonly known as the edible crab or brown crab, is a species of crab found in the North Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, and perhaps the Mediterranean Sea. It is a robust crab of a reddish-brown colour, having an oval carapace with a characteristic "pie crust" edge and black tips to the claws. A mature adult may have a carapace width up to 25 centimetres (10 inches) and weigh up to 3 kilograms (6+1⁄2 pounds). C. pagurus is a nocturnal predator, targeting a range of molluscs and crustaceans. It is the subject of the largest crab fishery in Western Europe, centred on the coasts of the Ireland and Britain, with more than 60,000 tonnes caught annually.

Scylla serrata
Scylla serrata (often called mud crab or mangrove crab, although both terms are highly ambiguous, and black crab) is an ecologically important species of crab found in the estuaries and mangroves of Africa, Australia, and Asia. In their most common forms, their shell colours vary from a deep, mottled green to very dark brown.
Continental Basketball Association
The Continental Basketball Association (CBA), originally known as the Eastern Pennsylvania Basketball League, and later as the Eastern Professional Basketball League and the Eastern Basketball Association, was a men's professional basketball minor league in the United States from 1946 to 2009.

Indiana Alley Cats
The Indiana Alley Cats were a member of the Continental Basketball Association (CBA). They were based in Anderson, Indiana, and played at Anderson High School Wigwam.  The team was part of the American Basketball Association.
Open Society Foundations
Open Society Foundations (OSF), formerly the Open Society Institute, is an American grantmaking network founded by billionaire business magnate George Soros. OSF financially supports progressive organizations. As of 2025, OSF has reported expenditures in excess of $24.2 billion since its establishment in 1993. OSF has assets of over $23 billion, making it one of the world's largest foundations. It has offices in over a dozen countries. The New York Times described OSF as "a sprawling political and philanthropic empire that seeks to advance a liberal, democratic agenda around the globe".

Media Development Investment Fund
Media Development Investment Fund (MDIF), formerly Media Development Loan Fund, is a New York-registered non-profit 501(c)(3) organization and mission-driven investment fund that provides low-cost financing to independent news and information businesses in challenging environments, mostly in countries with a history of media oppression. As one of the United States–based groups involved in direct media development, it specializes in impact investing and provides affordable debt, equity and quasi-equity financing to help journalists build sustainable businesses around professional, responsible, quality journalism.

In 2016, MDIF was declared an "undesirable" organization by the Office of Prosecutor General of Russia using Russian undesirable organizations law and put on the list of organisations banned in Russia.
Lake Ontario
Lake Ontario (French: Lac Ontario) is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is bounded on the north, west, and southwest by the Canadian province of Ontario, and on the south and east by the U.S. state of New York. The Canada–United States border spans the centre of the lake. On the Canadian side, the major cities are Kingston, Mississauga, Toronto, Hamilton, and St. Catharines. On the American side, the major cities are Rochester and Watertown.

The last in the Great Lakes chain, Lake Ontario serves as the outlet to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River, comprising the western end of the Saint Lawrence Seaway. Its primary inlet is the Niagara River from Lake Erie. The Long Sault control dam, primarily along with the Moses-Saunders Power Dam regulates the water level of the lake.

The name Ontarí'io is most often translated from Huron as "beautiful lake", but other translations exist.

Desjardins Canal
The Desjardins Canal, named after its promoter Pierre Desjardins, was a canal in Ontario, Canada. It was built to give the town of Dundas easier access to Lake Ontario and the Great Lakes system of North America. Although a technological achievement and a short term commercial success, the canal was soon eclipsed by the railway, and Dundas by neighbouring Hamilton.
Rights
Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory. Rights are an important concept in law and ethics, especially theories of justice and deontology.

The history of social conflicts has often involved attempts to define and redefine rights. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "rights structure the form of governments, the content of laws, and the shape of morality as it is currently perceived".

Power (social and political)
In political science, power is the ability to influence or direct the actions, beliefs, or conduct of actors. Power does not exclusively refer to the threat or use of force (coercion) by one actor against another, but may also be exerted through diffuse means (such as institutions).

Power may also take structural forms, as it orders actors in relation to one another (such as distinguishing between a master and an enslaved person, a householder and their relatives, an employer and their employees, a parent and a child, a political representative and their voters, etc.), and discursive forms, as categories and language may lend legitimacy to some behaviors and groups over others. The term authority is often used for power that is perceived as legitimate or socially approved by the social structure. Scholars have distinguished between soft power and hard power.
Rhos-on-Sea
Rhos-on-Sea (Welsh: Llandrillo-yn-Rhos) is a seaside resort and community in Conwy County Borough, Wales. The population was 7,593 at the 2011 census. It adjoins Colwyn Bay and is named after the Welsh kingdom of Rhos established there in late Roman Britain as a sub-kingdom of Gwynedd. It later became a cantref (hundred).

Penrhyn Avenue
Penrhyn Avenue is a cricket ground in Colwyn Bay, Wales. The ground was first used by the Glamorgan 1st XI in 1966, although County Championship matches have only been an annual fixture since 1990 (with the exception of 1991 and 1996). In 2015, the ground hosted a County Championship match against Lancashire, during which Lancashire batsmen Ashwell Prince and Alviro Petersen put on a ground record partnership of 501 for the third wicket. The ground was most recently used by Glamorgan in 2019 for a County Championship match, against Lancashire. A proposed game in 2022 was moved to Cardiff and Glamorgan did not play at Penrhyn Avenue in 2023 or 2024.

The ground has hosted 32 first-class matches and 28 List A matches, as well as several matches in the Minor Counties Championship, both for Denbighshire and the Wales Minor Counties.
Machilipatnam
Machilipatnam (Telugu: [mɐt͡ʃiliːpɐʈnɐm] ⓘ), also known as Masulipatnam and Bandar (Telugu: [bɐn̪d̪ɐɾ]), is a city in Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a municipal corporation and the administrative headquarters of Krishna district. It is also the mandal headquarters of Machilipatnam mandal in Machilipatnam revenue division of the district. The ancient port town served as the settlement of European traders from the 16th century, and it was a major trading port for the Portuguese, British, Dutch and French in the 17th century.

Repalle
Repalle is a town in Bapatla district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The town is one of the 12 municipalities in Bapatla district and the headquarters of Repalle mandal under the administration of Repalle revenue division. It is situated near Krishna River in the Coastal Andhra region of the state.
Syd Howe
Sydney Harris Howe (September 18, 1911 – May 20, 1976) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. Howe played 17 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Ottawa Senators, Philadelphia Quakers, Toronto Maple Leafs, St. Louis Eagles and Detroit Red Wings.

Frank Finnigan
Francis Arthur Clarence Finnigan (July 9, 1901 – December 25, 1991), nicknamed "The Shawville Express", was a Canadian ice hockey professional forward who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1923 to 1937.  During this time, he played for the Ottawa Senators, Toronto Maple Leafs, and St. Louis Eagles, and was nicknamed the "Shawville Express." His younger brother Eddie Finnigan also played in the NHL. His daughter Joan Finnigan became a published writer. He was the last surviving member of the 1927 Stanley Cup champion Senators.
Ciriaco Sforza
Ciriaco Sforza (Italian pronunciation: [tʃiˈriːako ˈsfɔrtsa]; born 2 March 1970) is a Swiss football manager and former professional player who last managed Swiss Challenge League club FC Schaffhausen.

After beginning his career with Swiss clubs FC Aarau and Grasshopper Club Zürich, he most notably played for Internazionale in Italy, and 1. FC Kaiserslautern, and FC Bayern Munich in Germany. Sforza represented the Switzerland national team 79 times, and represented his country at the 1994 World Cup and Euro 96.

2020–21 FC Basel season
The 2020–21 was FC Basel's 127th season in existence and the club's 26th consecutive season in the top flight of Swiss football since their promotion in the 1993–94 season. The 2020–21 Swiss Super League season started on the weekend 19–20 September 2020 and ended on 21 May 2021. In addition to the Swiss Super League, Basel also participated in this season's Swiss Cup and the UEFA Europa League.
Levant Front
The Levant Front (Arabic: الجبهة الشامية, romanized: al-Jabhat aš-Šāmiyya, Jabhat al-Shamiyah, also translated as the Sham Front or the Levantine Front) was a Syrian revolutionary group based around Aleppo involved in the Syrian Civil War. It was formed in December 2014.

The northern branch of the Levant Front is part of the Turkish-backed Syrian National Army. The Netherlands' public prosecutor declared it to be a terrorist organisation in 2018, despite the Dutch government having earlier provided it with support.

At the Syrian Revolution Victory Conference, which was held on 29 January 2025, most factions of the armed opposition, including the Levant Front, announced their dissolution and were incorporated into the newly formed Ministry of Defense.

Sultan Murad Division
The Sultan Murad Division (Arabic: فرقة السلطان مراد; Firqat al-Sultan Murad; Turkish: Sultan Murat Tümeni) was a Syrian Turkmen rebel group fighting in the Syrian civil war. It was aligned with the Syrian Interim Government and heavily supported by Turkey, which provides funding and military training along with artillery and aerial support. It was the most notable group among the Syrian Turkmen Brigades also supported by Turkey. During the integration of Syrian rebel factions in 2025, the Sultan Murad Division was reorganized into the 72nd Division.
Mohammad Ali (actor)
Mohammad Ali (Urdu: مُحمّد علی; 19 April 1931 – 19 March 2006) was a Pakistani actor. He was known as Shahenshah-e-Jazbaat 
(Urdu: شہنشاہِ جذبات), meaning The Emperor of Emotions. A versatile performer, he acted in dramatic, romantic, and historical movies. He was voted among 25 of the greatest actors of Asia in a 2010 CNN poll.

Shamim Ara
Shamim Ara (شمیم آرا, 22 March 1938 – 5 August 2016) was a Pakistani film actress, director, and  producer. She was known as The Tragic Beauty because of the tragic heroine roles she often portrayed in films. She was one of the most popular actresses of her time and was one of the most successful actresses of the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. She is regarded as one of the most influential actresses of all time in Pakistani cinema.
Settsu Province
Settsu Province (摂津国, Settsu no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [seꜜt.tsɯ (no kɯ.ɲi), set.tsɯꜜ-]) was a province of Japan, which today comprises the southeastern part of Hyōgo Prefecture and the northern part of Osaka Prefecture. It was also referred to as  Tsu Province (津国, Tsu no Kuni, [tsɯꜜ (no kɯ.ɲi)]) or  Sesshū (摂州).

Osaka and Osaka Castle were the main center of the province. Most of Settsu's area comprises the modern day cities of Osaka and Kōbe.

Tajima Province
Tajima Province (但馬国, Tajima no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [taꜜ.(d)ʑi.ma (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan in the area of northern Hyōgo Prefecture.  Tajima bordered on Tango and Tanba to the east, Harima to the south, and Inaba to the west. Its abbreviated form name was Tanshū (但州). In terms of the Gokishichidō system, Tajimao was one of the provinces of the San'indō circuit. Under the Engishiki classification system, Tajima was ranked as one of the "superior countries" (上国) in terms of importance, and one of the "near countries" (近国) in terms of distance from the capital.  The provincial capital was located in what is now the city of Toyooka. The ichinomiya of the province is the Izushi Shrine also located in Toyooka. The area of the province was 2099.01 square kilometers.
Santa Cruz, Laguna
Santa Cruz, officially the Municipality of Santa Cruz (Tagalog: Bayan ng Santa Cruz),  is a municipality and capital of the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 126,844 people.

It is known for its white cheese, locally called kesong puti, freshly crafted from carabao's milk.

Laguna's 4th congressional district
Laguna's 4th congressional district is one of the seven congressional districts of the Philippines in the province of Laguna. It has been represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines since 1987. The district consists of the capital municipality of Santa Cruz and the entire eastern Laguna municipalities of Cavinti, Famy, Kalayaan, Luisiana, Lumban, Mabitac, Magdalena, Majayjay, Paete, Pagsanjan, Pakil, Pangil, Pila, Santa Maria and Siniloan. It is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Benjamin Agarao Jr. of the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas.
C.F. Monterrey (women)
C.F. Monterrey Femenil is a Mexican professional women's football club based in Guadalupe, Nuevo León, Mexico that competes in the Liga MX Femenil. The club has been the women's section of C.F. Monterrey since 2016. The team plays its home matches at Estadio BBVA.

Monterrey Femenil is one of only five clubs that have been able to win the Liga MX Femenil title, obtaining the league title in four occasions.

The club plays a local derby known as the Clásico Regiomontano femenil against city rivals Tigres UANL.

Querétaro F.C. (women)
Querétaro Fútbol Club Femenil is a Mexican women's football club based in Querétaro, Querétaro. The club has been the women's section of Querétaro F.C. since 2017. The team currently plays in the Liga MX Femenil which started in July 2017.
Common pipistrelle
The common pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) is a small pipistrelle microbat whose very large range extends across most of Europe, North Africa, South-Central Asia, and may extend into Korea. It is one of the most common bat species in the British Isles. In Europe, the northernmost confirmed records are from southern Finland near 60°N.

In 1999, the common pipistrelle was split into two species on the basis of different-frequency echolocation calls. The common pipistrelle uses a call of 45 kHz, while the soprano pipistrelle echolocates at 55 kHz. Since the two species were distinguished, a number of other differences, in appearance, habitat and food, have also been discovered.

Mediterranean horseshoe bat
The Mediterranean horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus euryale) is a species of insectivorous bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is found in the Mediterranean region and Balkan peninsula, as well as parts of Italy.
Democrats (Greenland)
The Democrats (Greenlandic: Demokraatit [temokʁaːt͡sit]; Danish: Demokraterne, D) is a social liberal political party in Greenland. Historically a unionist party, the Democrats have traditionally been sceptical of Greenlandic independence and even further self-governance. In the past few years, the party's position has shifted to remaining within the Danish Realm for the foreseeable future, with independence as the end goal of a gradual process that starts with increased self-determination. Two of the major priorities in its programme are improving educational standards and the housing situation.

Naleraq
Naleraq (lit. 'Point of Orientation'), previously known as Partii Naleraq, is a centrist-populist and nationalist political party in Greenland. While parties such as Inuit Ataqatigiit and Siumut also favor Greenlandic independence, Naleraq is seen as advocating for more immediate independence, and promised in the lead-up to the 2025 election to hold a referendum on the issue.
Kakongo
Kakongo was a small kingdom located on the Atlantic coast of Central Africa, in the modern-day Republic of the Congo and Cabinda Province, Angola. In the 13th century, it formed part of a confederation led by Vungu.: 24–25  Along with its neighboring kingdoms of Ngoyo and Loango, Kakongo became an important political commercial center during the 17th through 19th centuries. The people speak a dialect of the Kikongo language and thus may be considered a part of the Bakongo ethnicity. Kakongo was a vassal of the Kingdom of Kongo for a part of its history.

Mpemba
Mpemba was a confederation in the western Congo Basin, at least from the 13th century. Its northernmost territory, Mpemba Kasi, was incorporated into the founding of the Kingdom of Kongo in the 14th century, and it was conquered. It neighboured the confederations of Vungu and Seven Kingdoms of Kongo dia Nlaza. Its capital and southernmost tip was on the Loze River in Angola, and it reached northwards 150 kilometres to the Congo River. It had sub-kingdoms, such as Mpemba Kasi, and Vunda which was complex enough to have its own sub-units which included Mpangala.: 2 : 24–25

Writing in 2025, John Thornton has proposed that Mpemba was a very large kingdom, roughly a third of the size of Kongo's greatest extent, and was Kongo's main predecessor, though he says that archaeological research at Mpemba's capital is needed.
Ord's kangaroo rat
Ord's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii) is a kangaroo rat native to western North America, specifically the Great Plains and the Great Basin, with its range extending from extreme southern Canada to central Mexico.

Ord's kangaroo rat has a fifth toe on its hind feet, which distinguishes it from Dipodomys elator. It is bicolored with gold-brown dorsal hair and a white stomach. It has a long tail with a bushy tip, and is dark dorsally and ventrally with a white lateral stripe. Its hind feet are modified for jumping, and exceed 35 mm in length, and its total length exceeds 240 mm. Its tail is usually less than 160 mm, distinguishing it from D. elator (which exceeds 160 mm).

Though a common species in the United States, the population in Canada is considered endangered.

Chisel-toothed kangaroo rat
The chisel-toothed kangaroo rat (Dipodomys microps) is a species of rodent in the family Heteromyidae.

There are 13 sub-species. Saltbush leaves are a major dietary component, requiring specialized physiology to eliminate the salt while retaining water.
St. Vincent's University Hospital
St. Vincent's Hospital (Irish: Ospidéal Ollscoile Naomh Uinseann) is a teaching hospital in Dublin, Ireland. It is located at Elm Park in the south-eastern outskirts of Dublin city. Precisely, it is at the junction of Merrion Road and Nutley Lane, opposite the Merrion Centre and adjacent to Elm Park Golf Club. The hospital is managed by Ireland East Hospital Group.

Beaumont Hospital, Dublin
Beaumont Hospital (Irish: Ospidéal Beaumont) is a large teaching hospital located in Beaumont, Dublin, Ireland. It is managed by RCSI Hospitals - one of the hospital groups established by the Health Service Executive. Its academic partner is the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland.

St. Joseph's Hospital (Raheny) is also under the management of the Beaumont Hospital Board.