hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Directed acyclic graph
In mathematics, particularly graph theory, and computer science, a directed acyclic graph (DAG) is a directed graph with no directed cycles. That is, it consists of vertices and edges (also called arcs), with each edge directed from one vertex to another, such that following those directions will never form a closed loop. A directed graph is a DAG if and only if it can be topologically ordered, by arranging the vertices as a linear ordering that is consistent with all edge directions. DAGs have numerous scientific and computational applications, ranging from biology (evolution, family trees, epidemiology) to information science (citation networks) to computation (scheduling).

Directed acyclic graphs are also called acyclic directed graphs or acyclic digraphs.

Graphical model
A graphical model or probabilistic graphical model (PGM) or structured probabilistic model is a probabilistic model for which a graph expresses the conditional dependence structure between random variables. Graphical models are commonly used in probability theory, statistics—particularly Bayesian statistics—and machine learning.
Karst
Karst (/kɑːrst/) is a topography formed from the dissolution of soluble carbonate rocks such as limestone and dolomite. It is characterized by features like poljes above and drainage systems with sinkholes and caves underground. There is some evidence that karst may occur in more weathering-resistant rocks such as quartzite given the right conditions.

Subterranean drainage may limit surface water, with few if any rivers or lakes. In regions where the dissolved bedrock is covered (perhaps by debris) or confined by one or more superimposed non-soluble rock strata, distinctive karst features may occur only at subsurface levels and can be totally missing above ground.

The study of paleokarst (buried karst in the stratigraphic column) is important in petroleum geology because as much as 50% of the world's hydrocarbon reserves are hosted in carbonate rock, and much of this is found in porous karst systems.

Livanjsko Polje
Livanjsko polje (lit. 'Field of Livno'), located in Bosnia and Herzegovina, is the largest polje (karstic field) in the world and a RAMSAR wetland site. A typical example of karst polje encircled by tall peaks and mountain ranges, the field is characterized by many unique natural phenomenons and karstic features.
Stenhousemuir F.C.
Stenhousemuir Football Club is a Scottish football club located in Stenhousemuir, Falkirk. They are a member of the Scottish Professional Football League and currently play in Scottish League One after achieving automatic promotion from Scottish League Two in 2024.

Through much of its history, the team has competed in the lower leagues of Scottish football.

In September 2009, Stenhousemuir Football Club, Ltd. was re-registered as a Community Interest Company.

Firs Park
Firs Park was a football stadium in Falkirk, Scotland, which was the home of East Stirlingshire F.C. between 1921 and 2008. It was located on Firs Street, 0.3 miles north-east of the town centre. At the time of closing the ground had a capacity of 1,800 with 200 seated.
Kenyan Premier League
The Kenyan Premier League (KPL), officially known as the SportPesa League, is a professional league for men's football clubs in Kenya. Standing at the top of the Kenyan football league system, the league was formed in 1963 under the Kenya Football Federation but is now controlled by the Football Kenya Federation. It is contested by 18 clubs and operates on a promotion and relegation system with the Kenyan National Super League. Kenya Police are the current champions, having won the 2024–25 season.

The league was mostly stable until the late 1990s and since then its performance had been considered below average, with many of the league's clubs having little or no finances to support themselves. However, when SuperSport became an official league partner, the league has taken on a more serious role with teams becoming professional and the majority of the clubs managing to get kit sponsorships. This saw the level of competition improve compared to past.

F.C. Talanta
Football Club Talanta, also known as FC Talanta, is a Kenyan professional football club based in Nairobi, incorporated in July 2012. They currently compete in the Kenyan National Super League, second division of the Kenyan football league system.
Georgia State Route 47
State Route 47 (SR 47) is an 83.9-mile-long (135.0 km) arc-shaped state highway that travels through portions of Taliaferro, Wilkes, Lincoln, Columbia, McDuffie, and Jefferson counties in the east-central part of the U.S. state of Georgia. The highway connects Crawfordville and Wrens, via Washington, Lincolnton, and Harlem.

Transportation in Augusta, Georgia
The City of Augusta, Georgia has an expansive transport network. It consists of two airports, various road bridges, national and local bus service, a highway and street network, freight train service, and boat tours and marinas.
2002 Russian census
The 2002 Russian census (Russian: Всеросси́йская пе́репись населе́ния 2002 го́да) was the first census of the Russian Federation since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, carried out on October 9 through October 16, 2002. It was carried out by the Russian Federal Service of State Statistics (Rosstat).

Lotoshinsky District
Lotoshinsky District (Russian: Лотоши́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast and borders with Tver Oblast in the north and west, Volokolamsky District in the southeast, Shakhovskoy District in the southwest, and with Klinsky District in the east. The area of the district is 979.57 square kilometers (378.21 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Lotoshino. Population: 17,859 (2010 Census);  18,337 (2002 Census); 18,290 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Lotoshino accounts for 31.1% of the district's total population.
Body and Soul (1930 song)
"Body and Soul" is a popular song and jazz standard written in 1930 with music by Johnny Green and lyrics by Edward Heyman, Robert Sour and Frank Eyton. It was also used as the musical theme and underscoring in the American film noir boxing drama Body and Soul.

Duets II (Tony Bennett album)
Duets II is an album by Tony Bennett, released on September 20, 2011. It was released in conjunction with Bennett's 85th birthday and is a sequel to his previous duet album, Duets: An American Classic. "Don't Get Around Much Anymore" was released on iTunes as a free download on August 2, 2011.

On November 8, 2011, Sony Music Distribution included the CD in a box set entitled The Complete Collection.
2023 Melbourne Formula 3 round
The 2023 Melbourne FIA Formula 3 round was a motor racing event held between 31 March and 2 April 2023 at the Albert Park Circuit. It was the second round of the 2023 FIA Formula 3 Championship and was held in support of the 2023 Australian Grand Prix.

Franco Colapinto won the sprint race behind the safety car, in which resulted as a 1-2 finish for the Williams Academy. However, Colapinto, and his two teammates, Mari Boya and Jonny Edgar, have all been disqualified from the sprint as it was found the suspension keels on all three MP Motorsport cars did not conform to regulations.

As a result, Zak O'Sullivan inherited the win and Luke Browning was credited with the fastest lap. However, ninth-placed finisher Christian Mansell received the fastest lap point as he posted the fastest lap among the drivers classified among the top ten.

2023 Monte Carlo Formula 3 round
The 2023 Monte Carlo FIA Formula 3 round was a motor racing event held between 25 and 28 May 2023 at the Circuit de Monaco. It was the third round of the 2023 FIA Formula 3 Championship and was held in support of the 2023 Monaco Grand Prix.
Alice Faye
Alice Faye (born Alice Jeanne Leppert; May 5, 1915 – May 9, 1998) was an American actor and singer. A musical star of 20th Century-Fox in the 1930s and 1940s, Faye starred in such films as On the Avenue (1937) and Alexander's Ragtime Band (1938). She is often associated with the Academy Award–winning standard "You'll Never Know", which she introduced in the 1943 musical film Hello, Frisco, Hello.

She left her career as a film actress and became known for her role on the radio show The Phil Harris-Alice Faye Show.

Academy Award for Best Original Song
The Academy Award for Best Original Song is one of the awards given annually to people working in the motion picture industry by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It is presented to the songwriters who have composed the best original song written specifically for a film. The performers of a song are not credited with the Academy Award unless they contributed either to music, lyrics, or both in their own right. The songs that are nominated for this award are typically performed during the ceremony and before this award is presented.

The award category was introduced at the 7th Academy Awards, the ceremony honoring the best in film for 1934. Nominations are made by Academy members who are songwriters and composers, and the winners are chosen by the Academy membership as a whole. Fifteen songs are shortlisted before nominations are announced.
1925–26 British Home Championship
The 1925–26 British Home Championship was an international football tournament played during the 1925–26 season between the British Home Nations. The competition was won at a canter by Scotland, who whitewashed all three opponents, scoring eight goals in three games without reply.

Scotland began to competition as they finished it, with a 3–0 defeat of Wales in Cardiff as England and Ireland played a tame scoreless draw as the tournament opener. Ireland improved from their poor first match performance against Wales in their second game, running out 3–0 winners to move into second place, but were hammered 4–0 by Scotland in their final game, ending any hopes of a winner's place; Hughie Gallacher scored three of Scotland's goals. England returned for the final two matches of the competition, but suffered disaster and crashed to last place as Wales won 3–1 in London and Scotland, already assured the title whatever the result, beat them by a single goal.

1924–25 British Home Championship
The 1924–25 British Home Championship was a football tournament played between the British Home Nations during the 1924–25 season. It was one of six tournaments in seven years won by the strong Scottish team of the early 1920s, and was achieved with a whitewash of all three rivals, including England in the deciding game in Glasgow.

Both England and Scotland began well with 3–1 victories, England over Ireland and Scotland over Wales in Swansea. England went ahead by defeating Wales away in their second game but were brought back level by Scotland who beat Ireland 3–0 at Windsor Park. In the deciding match, the Scots outplayed their Southern rivals at home, winning 2–0 to take the title. Wales and Ireland were unable to decide for third place, sharing it in a scoreless draw at Wrexham.
Daphniphyllum
Daphniphyllum is the sole genus in the flowering plant family Daphniphyllaceae and was described as a genus in 1826. The genus includes evergreen shrubs and trees mainly native to east and southeast Asia, but also found in the Indian subcontinent and New Guinea.

All species in the family are dioecious, that is male and female flowers are borne on different plants. In older classifications the genus was treated in the family Euphorbiaceae.

Daphniphyllum species are eaten by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the engrailed (Ectropis sp.).

Caricaceae
The Caricaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Brassicales, found primarily in tropical regions of Central and South America and Africa. They are usually short-lived evergreen pachycaul shrubs or small to medium-sized trees growing to 5–10 m tall. One species, Vasconcellea horovitziana  is a liana and the three species of the genus Jarilla are herbs. Some species, such as the papaya, bear edible fruit and produce papain.

Based on molecular analyses, this family has been proposed to have originated in Africa in the early Cenozoic era, ~66 million years ago (mya). The dispersal from Africa to Central America occurred ~35 mya, possibly via ocean currents from the Congo delta. From Central America, the family reached South America 19-27 mya.

The family comprises six genera and about 34-35 species:
2006 24 Hours of Le Mans
The 2006 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 74th Grand Prix of Endurance, and took place over 17–18 June 2006. The winners of the race were Frank Biela, Marco Werner, and Emanuele Pirro, driving the Audi R10 TDI. For the first time in the history of the race, the winner was a diesel-powered car.

2008 24 Hours of Le Mans
The 2008 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 76th Grand Prix of Endurance, taking place on 14–15 June 2008 at the Circuit de la Sarthe, Le Mans, France, organised by the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO). The test day was on June 1. The race was attended by 258,000 spectators. The Audi team's progress and victory was documented in the 2008 film Truth in 24.
Coordination complex
A coordination complex is a chemical compound consisting of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents.  Many metal-containing compounds, especially those that include transition metals (elements like titanium that belong to the periodic table's d-block), are coordination complexes.

Isocyanide
An isocyanide (also called isonitrile or carbylamine) is an organic compound with the functional group –N+≡C−. It is the isomer of the related nitrile (–C≡N), hence the prefix is isocyano. The organic fragment is connected to the isocyanide group through the nitrogen atom, not via the carbon. They are used as building blocks for the synthesis of other compounds.
Midbrain
The midbrain or mesencephalon is the uppermost portion of the brainstem connecting the diencephalon and cerebrum with the pons. It consists of the cerebral peduncles, tegmentum, and tectum.

It is functionally associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep and wakefulness, arousal (alertness), and temperature regulation.

The name mesencephalon comes from the Greek mesos, "middle", and enkephalos, "brain".

Mammillary body
The mammillary bodies also mamillary bodies, are a pair of small round brainstem nuclei. They are located on the undersurface of the brain that, as part of the diencephalon, form part of the limbic system.  They are located at the ends of the anterior arches of the fornix.  They consist of two groups of nuclei, the medial mammillary nuclei and the lateral mammillary nuclei.

Neuroanatomists have often categorized the mammillary bodies as part of the posterior part of hypothalamus.
Marco Fu
Marco Fu Ka-chun (Chinese: 傅家俊; born 8 January 1978) is a Hong Kong professional snooker player. He is a three-time ranking event winner, having won the 2007 Grand Prix, the 2013 Australian Goldfields Open and the 2016 Scottish Open. He has been a runner-up at two Triple Crown events, at the 2008 UK Championship and the 2011 Masters. In addition, Fu has reached the semi-finals of the World Championship twice—in 2006 and in 2016.

Fu reached a career-high ranking of fifth in the world in 2017. He turned professional in 1998 and has remained on the World Snooker Tour to-date. Despite not competing in events during the COVID-19 pandemic, Fu was given an invitational place to remain on the tour during the 2021–22 snooker season. As a prolific break-builder, Fu has compiled over 500 century breaks in professional competition, including five maximum breaks. A cultural icon in Hong Kong, Fu presented a 10-episode chat show called Marco Fu and Friends on ViuTV.

2013 UK Championship
The 2013 UK Championship (officially the 2013 williamhill.com UK Championship) was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 26 November–8 December 2013 at the Barbican Centre in York, England. It was the sixth ranking event of the 2013/2014 season.

Mark Selby made the 100th official maximum break during his semi-final match against Ricky Walden. This was Selby's second official 147 break and the third maximum break in the 2013/2014 season.

Neil Robertson won his ninth ranking title by defeating defending champion Selby 10–7 in the final, despite trailing 1–5 and 3–6 during the match. Robertson became the eighth player to win all Triple Crown events at least once, and the first overseas player to achieve this feat. Selby became the first defending champion to reach the final of the UK Championship since Mark Williams in 2000.
Tripoli, Libya
Tripoli, historically known as Tripoli-of-the-West, is the capital and largest city of Libya, with a population of about 1.317 million people in 2021. It is located in the northwest of Libya on the edge of the desert, on a point of rocky land projecting into the Mediterranean Sea and forming a bay. It includes the port of Tripoli and the country's largest commercial and manufacturing center. It is also the site of the University of Tripoli.

Tripoli was founded in the 7th century BC by the Phoenicians, who gave it the Libyco-Berber name Oyat (Punic: 𐤅𐤉‬‬𐤏‬𐤕, romanized: Wyʿt), before passing into the hands of the Greek rulers of Cyrenaica as Oea (Ancient Greek: Ὀία, romanized: Oía). Due to the city's long history, there are many sites of archeological significance in Tripoli. Tripoli may also refer to the sha'biyah (top-level administrative division in the Libyan system), the Tripoli District.

Fezzan
Fezzan (UK: /fɛˈzɑːn/ fez-AHN, US: /fɛˈzæn, fəˈzæn/ fez-AN, fə-ZAN; Berber languages: ⴼⵣⵣⴰⵏ, romanized: Fezzan; Arabic: ‏فَزَّان‎, romanized: Fazzān [fazˈzaːn]; Latin: Phazania) is the southwestern region of modern Libya. It is largely desert, but broken by mountains, uplands, and dry river valleys (wadis) in the north, where oases enable ancient towns and villages to survive deep in the otherwise inhospitable Sahara Desert. The term originally applied to the land beyond the coastal strip of Africa proconsularis, including the Nafusa and extending west of modern Libya over Ouargla and Illizi. As these Berber areas came to be associated with the regions of Tripoli, Cirta or Algiers, the name was increasingly applied to the arid areas south of Tripolitania.

After the 1934 formation of Libya, the Fezzan province was designated as one of the three primary provinces of the country, alongside Tripolitania province to the north and Cyrenaica province to the northeast.
Football Federation Islamic Republic of Iran
The Football Federation Islamic Republic of Iran (FFIRI; Persian: فدراسیون فوتبال جمهوری اسلامی ایران, romanized: Fedrasion-e Football-e Jomhuri-e Eslami-e Iran) is the governing body for football in Iran. It was founded in 1920. The federation has been a member of FIFA since 1948 and a member of the Asian Football Confederation since 1958.

Alireza Faghani
Alireza Faghani (Persian: عليرضا فغانى; born 21 March 1978) is an Iranian-Australian international football referee and former player,  who has been on the international referees list for FIFA since 2008.

Faghani has officiated in the Persian Gulf Pro League for several seasons until 2022, important matches such as the 2014 AFC Champions League final, the 2015 AFC Asian Cup final, the 2015 FIFA Club World Cup final, the 2016 Summer Olympics football final match, the 2025 FIFA Club World Cup final. He has refereed matches in the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup, 2018 FIFA World Cup, 2019 AFC Asian Cup, 2022 FIFA World Cup, 2023 AFC Asian Cup, AFC Champions League, AFC Champions League Two and AFC Challenge League.

Faghani had migrated from Iran to Australia in September 2019, and now referees in the A-League Men, and as an Australian referee in international tournaments since 2023.
Max Decugis
Maxime Omer Mathieu Décugis, sometimes spellt Decugis (French pronunciation: [maksim dekyʒiz]; 24 September 1882 – 6 September 1978) was a French tennis player. He won the French Championships eight times (a French club members-only tournament before 1925). He also won three Olympic medals at the 1900 Paris Olympics and the 1920 Antwerp Olympics, with a gold medal in the mixed doubles partnering Suzanne Lenglen.

Heinrich Kleinschroth
Heinrich Kleinschroth (German pronunciation: [ˈhaɪnʁɪç ˈklaɪnʃʁoːt]; 15 March 1890 – 10 January 1979) was an amateur German tennis player who found success in the early 20th century, mainly in doubles competitions.
Royal Engineers
The Corps of Royal Engineers, usually called the Royal Engineers (RE), and commonly known as the Sappers, is the military engineering arm of the British Army. It provides military engineering and other technical support to the British Armed Forces and is headed by the Chief Royal Engineer.

The Corps Headquarters and the Royal School of Military Engineering are in Chatham in Kent, England. The corps is divided into several regiments, barracked at places in the United Kingdom and around the world.

VIII Corps (United Kingdom)
VIII Corps was a British Army corps formation that existed during the First and Second World Wars. In the latter, it took part in the Normandy Campaign in 1944, where it was involved in Operation Epsom and Operation Goodwood. It would later play a supporting role in Operation Market Garden and finish the war by advancing from the Rhine to the Baltic Sea.
EFL League Two
The English Football League Two, simply known as League Two and for sponsorship purposes as Sky Bet League Two, is the third and lowest division of the English Football League (EFL) and the fourth-highest tier in the English football league system, after the Premier League, EFL Championship and the EFL League One. It is contested by 24 professional clubs.

Introduced for the 2004–05 English football season as Football League Two, it is a rebrand of the former Football League Third Division.

As of the 2025–26 season, Newport County hold the longest tenure in this division following their promotion in the 2012–13 season. There are currently two former Premier League clubs competing in this division: Oldham Athletic (1992–94) and Swindon Town (1993–94).

The current holders are Doncaster Rovers.

Norman Smurthwaite
Norman Smurthwaite (born 8 August 1960) is an English businessman and former football club chairman.

He qualified as an engineer and built a business career and property portfolio before retiring at the age of 50. He took over as chairman of Port Vale in 2013, having been a key figure in the boardroom as the club secured promotion out of League Two in 2012–13. He resigned as chairman following relegation back to League Two in 2016–17. He bought the Liberty Way stadium off Nuneaton Town in July 2018 and sold both Liberty Way and Port Vale in 2019.