hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Coding region
The coding region of a gene, also known as the coding DNA sequence (CDS), is the portion of a gene's DNA or RNA that codes for a protein. Studying the length, composition, regulation, splicing, structures, and functions of coding regions compared to non-coding regions over different species and time periods can provide a significant amount of important information regarding gene organization and evolution of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. This can further assist in mapping the human genome and developing gene therapy.

Missense mutation
In genetics, a missense mutation is a point mutation in which a single nucleotide change results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid. It is a type of nonsynonymous substitution. Missense mutations change amino acids, which in turn alter proteins and may alter a protein's function or structure. These mutations may arise spontaneously from mutagens like UV radiation, tobacco smoke, an error in DNA replication, and other factors. Screening for missense mutations can be done by sequencing the genome of an organism and comparing the sequence to a reference genome to analyze for differences. Missense mutations can be repaired by the cell when there are errors in DNA replication by using mechanisms such as DNA proofreading and mismatch repair. They can also be repaired by using genetic engineering technologies or pharmaceuticals. Some notable examples of human diseases caused by missense mutations are Rett syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and sickle-cell disease.
Châtelet station
Châtelet station (French pronunciation: [ʃɑtlɛ]) is a station of the Paris Métro and Île-de-France's RER commuter rail service, located in the centre of medieval Paris, on the border between the 1st and 4th arrondissements. It serves RER A, B and D, as well as lines 1, 4, 7, 11, and 14 of the Paris Métro; it is the southern terminus of Line 11. The station is made up of two parts connected by a long corridor: lines 7 and 11 under the Place du Châtelet and the Quai de Gesvre (site of the original medieval river port of Paris), next to the Seine; lines 1, 4 and 14 towards Rue Saint-Denis and the Rue de Rivoli.

Châtelet is connected by another long underground corridor to the southern end of the RER platforms at Châtelet–Les Halles, the northern end of which is again connected to the métro station Les Halles. The distance from Line 7 at Châtelet to the RER lines at Châtelet–Les Halles is approximately 750 metres (2,460 ft). It is the ninth-busiest station on the métro system.

Abbesses station
Abbesses (French pronunciation: [abɛs], literally Abbesses) is a station on Paris Métro Line 12, in the Montmartre district and the 18th arrondissement. Abbesses was the deepest station in the Paris Métro, at 36 metres (118 feet) below ground, before being surpassed by Villejuif–Gustave Roussy in 2025. The station is located on the western side of the butte (hill) of Montmartre. Access to the platforms is by elevator or the decorated stairs.
Yang Zhaoxuan
Yang Zhaoxuan (Chinese: 杨钊煊; pinyin: Yáng Zhāoxuān; Mandarin pronunciation: [jǎŋ ʈʂáʊ ɕɥɛ́n]; born 11 February 1995) is a Chinese tennis player.
She reached her career-high WTA doubles ranking of No. 9 on 30 January 2023.

Yang has won seven doubles titles on the WTA Tour and one WTA Challenger doubles title. In September 2015, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 151. In addition, she has won three singles and twelve doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.

Ekaterina Alexandrova
Ekaterina Evgenyevna Alexandrova (Russian: Екатери́на Евге́ньевна Александро́ва, IPA: [jɪkətʲɪˈrʲinə ɐlʲɪksɐnˈdrovə]; born 15 November 1994) is a Russian professional tennis player. She has a career-high WTA singles ranking of world No. 10, achieved on 13 October 2025 and a best doubles ranking of No. 41, reached on 8 September 2025.

Alexandrova has won seven WTA Tour titles combined, five in singles and two in doubles. She also earned three WTA Challenger titles in singles, as well as seven singles titles on the ITF Women's Tour.
Roadster (car)
A roadster (also spider, spyder) is an open two-seat car with emphasis on sporting appearance or character. Initially an American term for a two-seat car with no weather protection, its usage has spread internationally and has evolved to include two-seat convertibles.

The roadster was also a style of racing car driven in United States Auto Club (USAC) Championship Racing, including the Indianapolis 500, in the 1950s and 1960s. This type of racing car was superseded by rear-mid-engine cars.

Rumble seat
A rumble seat (American English), dicky (dickie/dickey) seat (British English), also called a mother-in-law seat, is an upholstered exterior front-facing seat which is folded into the rear of a coach, carriage, or early motorcar.  Depending on its configuration, it provided exposed seating for one or two passengers.
Todd Dezago
Todd Dezago (/dəˈzeɪɡoʊ/;
 born 1961) is an American comic book writer best known for his collaborations with artist Mike Wieringo on The Sensational Spider-Man and their creator-owned fantasy series Tellos.

Jason Latour
David Jason Latour (born August 29, 1977) is an American comic-book and comic-strip artist and writer known for his work for Image Comics, Dark Horse Comics, Marvel Comics, and DC Comics on titles such as Wolverine, Winter Soldier, Southern Bastards and Spider-Gwen, co-creating Spider-Woman / Gwen Stacy (Earth-65) in the latter, later adapted to the Spider-Verse film franchise.
Newtonian telescope
The Newtonian telescope, also called the Newtonian reflector or just a Newtonian, is a type of reflecting telescope invented by the English scientist Sir Isaac Newton, using a concave primary mirror and a flat diagonal secondary mirror. Newton's first reflecting telescope was completed in 1668 and is the earliest known functional reflecting telescope. The Newtonian telescope's simple design has made it very popular with amateur telescope makers.

Telescope
A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. Originally, it was an optical instrument using lenses, curved mirrors, or a combination of both to observe distant objects – an optical telescope. Nowadays, the word "telescope" is defined as a wide range of instruments capable of detecting different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and in some cases other types of detectors.

The first known practical telescopes were refracting telescopes with glass lenses and were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century. They were used for both terrestrial applications and astronomy.

The reflecting telescope, which uses mirrors to collect and focus light, was invented within a few decades of the first refracting telescope.

In the 20th century, many new types of telescopes were invented, including radio telescopes in the 1930s and infrared telescopes in the 1960s.
Kalawit
Kalawit, officially the Municipality of Kalawit (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Kalawit; Subanen: Benwa Kalawit; Chavacano: Municipalidad de Kalawit; Tagalog: Bayan ng Kalawit), is a municipality in the province of Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,812 people.

It was created by virtue of Republic Act No. 6851 on February 10, 1990.

Salug
Salug, officially the Municipality of Salug (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Salug; Subanen: Benwa Salog; Chavacano: Municipalidad de Salug; Tagalog: Bayan ng Salug), is a municipality in the province of Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines. As of the 2024 census, it had a population of 33,060 people.
Central nervous system
The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain,  spinal cord and retina. The CNS is so named because the brain integrates the received information and coordinates and influences the activity of all parts of the bodies of bilaterally symmetric and triploblastic animals—that is, all multicellular animals except sponges and diploblasts. It is a structure composed of nervous tissue positioned along the rostral (nose end) to caudal (tail end) axis of the body and may have an enlarged section at the rostral end which is a brain. Only arthropods, cephalopods and vertebrates have a true brain, though precursor structures exist in onychophorans, gastropods and lancelets.

The rest of this article exclusively discusses the vertebrate central nervous system, which is radically distinct from all other animals.

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1, also known as the cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 1, is a muscarinic receptor that in humans is encoded by the CHRM1 gene. It is localized to 11q13.

This receptor is found mediating slow EPSP at the ganglion in the postganglionic nerve, and is common in exocrine glands and in the CNS.

It is predominantly found bound to G proteins of class Gq that use upregulation of phospholipase C and, therefore, inositol trisphosphate and intracellular calcium as a signalling pathway. A receptor so bound would not be susceptible to CTX or PTX. However, Gi (causing a downstream decrease in cAMP) and Gs (causing an increase in cAMP) have also been shown to be involved in interactions in certain tissues, and so would be susceptible to PTX and CTX respectively.
S'bu Ndebele
Sibusiso Joel "S'bu" Ndebele (born 17 October 1948) is the former Minister of Correctional Services serving from 2012 to 2014. He has been on the National Executive Committee (NEC) of the African National Congress (ANC) since 1997, and was the Provincial Chair of the ANC from 1998 to 2008.

From 1994 to 2004 he was the MEC for Transport in the government of KwaZulu-Natal province. From 2004 to 2009 he was the Premier of the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal. From 2009 to 2012 he was the national Minister of Transport.
Current ambassador of South Africa to India, since 2019 and former High Commissioner of South Africa to Australia till 2016.

Willies Mchunu
Willies Mchunu (born 11 May 1948) was the 7th Premier of KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa. He was previously a Member of the Executive Council (MEC) for the Department of Transport, Community Safety, and Liaison in the province. He is a member of the African National Congress and the former chairperson of the South African Communist Party (SACP) in KwaZulu-Natal and is a member of the Central Committee of the SACP. He is seen as a close ally of former South African President Jacob Zuma.
Concurrency (road)
In a road network, a concurrency is an instance of one physical roadway bearing two or more different route numbers. The practice is often economically and practically advantageous when multiple routes must pass between a single mountain crossing or over a bridge, or through a major city, and can be accommodated by a single right-of-way. Each route number is typically posted on highways signs where concurrencies are allowed, while some jurisdictions simplify signage by posting one priority route number on highway signs. In the latter circumstance, other route numbers disappear when the concurrency begins and reappear when it ends. In most cases, each route in a concurrency is recognized by maps and atlases.

Georgia State Route 184
State Route 184 (SR 184) is a 19.4-mile (31.2 km) state highway that runs south-to-north through portions of Banks and Stephens counties in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. The route's southern terminus is at SR 63 in northeastern Banks County. The northern terminus at the Tugaloo River and the South Carolina state line where the road continues as Cleveland Pike Road.
Mandalay University
Mandalay University (also translated as University of Mandalay; Burmese: မန္တလေးတက္ကသိုလ် [màɰ̃dəlé tɛʔkəθò]) is a public liberal arts and science university located in Mandalay, Myanmar and one of the sixteen autonomous universities under Ministry of Education. Formerly an affiliate of Rangoon University, Mandalay University is the second oldest university in Myanmar, and the oldest and largest university in Upper Myanmar. The university offers mainly undergraduate and postgraduate degree programmes (Bachelor's, Master's, Post-graduate Diploma, and Doctorate) in liberal arts, sciences and law.

On 28 March 2025, the university was heavily damaged by a fire and building collapses caused by the 2025 Myanmar earthquake.

University of Medicine, Mandalay
The University of Medicine, Mandalay (Burmese: ဆေးတက္ကသိုလ် (မန္တလေး), pronounced [sʰé tɛʔkəθò (máɰ̃dəlé)]; formerly Institute of Medicine, Mandalay), located in Mandalay is one of five medical universities in Myanmar. The university offers Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (M.B., B.S.) degree and postgraduate degrees (diploma, master's and doctoral) in medical science.

The university is one of the most selective in the country, and accepts approximately 350 students annually based solely on their University Entrance Examination scores. The university is recognized by the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates.
Jagdgeschwader 53
Jagdgeschwader 53 (JG 53)  was a Luftwaffe fighter-wing of World War II. It operated in Western Europe and in the Mediterranean.
Jagdgeschwader 53 - or as it was better known, the "Pik As" (Ace of Spades) Geschwader - was one of the oldest German fighter units of World War II with its origins going back to 1937. JG 53 flew the various models of the Messerschmitt Bf 109 throughout World War II.

Lehrgeschwader 1
Lehrgeschwader 1 (LG 1) (Demonstration Wing 1) formerly Lehrgeschwader Greifswald was a Luftwaffe multi-purpose unit during World War II, operating fighter, bomber and dive-bomber Gruppen. The unit was formed in July 1936 and operated the Messerschmitt Bf 109, Messerschmitt Bf 110, Dornier Do 17, Heinkel He 111, Junkers Ju 88 and Junkers Ju 87.
Puddle of Mudd
Puddle of Mudd is an American rock band formed in Kansas City, Missouri in 1992. The band has sold over seven million albums. Their second album, Come Clean (2001), spawned the single "Blurry", which peaked at number 5 on the Billboard Hot 100, and remains their signature song. The album sold over five million copies by 2003, and was followed by six additional albums, the latest of which is Kiss the Machine (2025). Lead singer Wes Scantlin has served as the only consistent member throughout the band's history.

In 2013, the band was featured in an NME article titled "28 Nu-Metal Era Bands You Probably Forgot All About".

Mainstream Rock (chart)
Mainstream Rock is a music chart published by Billboard magazine that ranks the most-played songs on mainstream rock radio stations in the United States. It is an administrative category that combines the "active rock" and "heritage rock" formats. The chart was launched in March 1981 as Rock Albums & Top Tracks. The name changed multiple times afterwards: first to Top Rock Tracks, then to Album Rock Tracks, and finally to its current Mainstream Rock in 1996. The first number-one song on this chart was "I Can't Stand It" by Eric Clapton on March 21, 1981.
Rahovec
Rahovec (Albanian definite form: Rahoveci) or Orahovac (Serbian Cyrillic: Ораховац), is a town and municipality located in the District of Gjakova in Kosovo. According to the 2024 census, the town of Rahovec has 13,642 inhabitants, while the municipality has 41,799 inhabitants. It is also the center of the sports clubs KF Rahoveci, KB Rahoveci and KH Rahoveci.

Vushtrri
Vushtrri (Albanian definite form: Vushtrria; Serbian Cyrillic: Вучитрн, Vučitrn) is a city and municipality located in the Mitrovica District in Kosovo. Vushtrri has a population of 61,528 and a total area of 345 km2 (133 sq mi), which accounts for approximately 3.2% of the territory of Kosovo.

The main characteristics of the city are its cultural and historic monuments. The city's castle, stone bridge, public bath and fountain date back centuries and are the richest heritage of the city.
Philly Joe Jones
Joseph Rudolph "Philly Joe" Jones (July 15, 1923 – August 30, 1985) was an American jazz drummer. He was noted for being able to adjust his style of playing to allow for any group or individual's needs.

Cedar Walton
Cedar Anthony Walton Jr. (January 17, 1934 – August 19, 2013) was an American hard bop jazz pianist. He came to prominence as a member of drummer Art Blakey's band, The Jazz Messengers, before establishing a long career as a bandleader and composer. Several of his compositions have become jazz standards, including "Mosaic", "Bolivia", "Holy Land", "Mode for Joe" and "Ugetsu/Fantasy in D".
3rd Guards Tank Army
The 3rd Guards Tank Army (Russian: 3-я гвардейская танковая армия) was a tank army established by the Soviet Union's Red Army during World War II.  The 3rd Tank Army was created in 1942 and fought in the southern areas of the Soviet Union and Poland, then in Germany and Czechoslovakia until the defeat of Germany in 1945. Postwar, the army served as occupation troops in East Germany, went through several name changes, and was finally deactivated in 1969.

Reserve of the Supreme High Command
The Reserve of the Supreme High Command  (Russian: Резерв Верховного Главнокомандования; also known as the Stavka Reserve or RVGK (Russian: РВГК) or RGK (Russian: РГК — Резерв Главного Командования) comprises reserve military formations and units; the Stavka Reserve acted as the principal military reserve of the Soviet Red Army during World War II, and the RVGK now operates as part of the Russian Armed Forces under the control of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Armed Forces (Russian: Верховный главнокомандующий) — the President of the Russian Federation.
St. Cloud, Florida
St. Cloud or Saint Cloud is a city in northern Osceola County, Florida, United States. It is on the southern shore of East Lake Tohopekaliga in Central Florida, about 26 miles (41.8 km) southeast of Orlando. The population was 35,183 in the 2010 census, and 58,964 in the 2020 census. The city is part of the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford metropolitan area.

St. Cloud was founded as a retirement community for Union army veterans of the Civil War, and gained the nickname "The Friendly Soldier City".

Narcoossee, Florida
Narcoossee is an unincorporated community in eastern Osceola County, Florida, United States. It is located on the east side of East Lake Tohopekaliga. The only major road which runs through Narcoossee is County Road 15, commonly referred to as Narcoossee Road, which connects to U.S. Route 192. Every spring starting in the mid 1990s, the community held the annual Battle at Narcoossee Mill in Chisolm Park, which was a Civil War reenactment. No actual battles happened here. The event was discontinued in 2024 due to upcoming development at the park taking place soon.
IDVD
iDVD is a discontinued Mac application made by Apple, which can be used to create DVDs.

iDVD lets users design DVD menus (like a main menu and chapter selection menu) and burn movies, slideshows, and music onto a DVD that can be played on a commercial DVD player. It was created as part of Apple's "digital hub" strategy, as a companion tool to iMovie. Early versions were received positively, but later versions languished as internet video overtook DVDs, and iDVD was abandoned in 2011.

IWeb
iWeb is a template-based WYSIWYG website creation tool developed by Apple Inc. The first version of iWeb was announced at the Macworld Conference & Expo on January 10, 2006, as part of the iLife '06 suite of digital lifestyle applications. iWeb '11 was released on October 20, 2010 as part of the iLife '11 suite, though it was not updated from the previous release (version 3.0.2).

iWeb allowed users to create websites and blogs and customize them with their own text, photos, and movies. Users could then publish their websites to MobileMe or another hosting service via FTP. In addition to its ability to publish to MobileMe, iWeb integrated with other services, including Facebook, YouTube, AdSense and Google Maps. Apple ceased development of iWeb in 2011.
1974 Gillette Cup
The 1974 Gillette Cup was the twelfth Gillette Cup, an English limited overs county cricket tournament. It was held between 29 June and 7 September 1974. The tournament was won by Kent County Cricket Club who defeated Lancashire County Cricket Club by 4 wickets in the final at Lord's.

1976 Gillette Cup
The 1976 Gillette Cup was the fourteenth Gillette Cup, an English limited overs county cricket tournament. It was held between 26 June and 4 September 1976. The tournament was won by Northamptonshire County Cricket Club who defeated Lancashire County Cricket Club by 4 wickets in the final at Lord's.
Netflix
Netflix is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service. The service primarily distributes original and acquired films and television shows from various genres. It is available internationally in multiple languages.

Launched in 2007, nearly a decade after Netflix, Inc. began its pioneering DVD-by-mail movie rental service, Netflix is the most-subscribed video on demand streaming media service, with 325 million paid memberships in more than 190 countries as of 2026. By 2022, "Netflix Original" productions accounted for half of its library in the United States and the namesake company had ventured into other categories, such as video game publishing of mobile games through its flagship service. As of 2025, Netflix is the 18th most-visited website in the world, with 21.18% of its traffic coming from the United States, followed by the United Kingdom at 6.01%, Canada at 4.94%, and Brazil at 4.24%.

Hustle (2022 film)
Hustle is a 2022 American  sports comedy-drama film directed by Jeremiah Zagar, written by Taylor Materne and Will Fetters, and co-produced by and starring Adam Sandler as a down-on-his-luck National Basketball Association (NBA) scout who discovers a raw but talented basketball player in Spain (Juancho Hernangómez) and tries to prepare him for the NBA draft. The film also stars Queen Latifah, Ben Foster, Robert Duvall, Heidi Gardner, and current NBA player Anthony Edwards. LeBron James produced the film through his SpringHill Company banner.

Hustle was released in select theaters on June 3, 2022, and on Netflix on June 8. The film received positive reviews from critics, with Sandler's performance singled out for praise. At the 29th Screen Actors Guild Awards, he received a nomination for the Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role, his first SAG nomination in his career.
Bobon
Bobon, officially the Municipality of Bobon (Waray: Bungto han Bobon; Tagalog: Bayan ng Bobon), is a municipality in the province of Northern Samar, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 27,266 people.

Lavezares
Lavezares, officially the Municipality of Lavezares (Waray: Bungto han Lavezares; Tagalog: Bayan ng Lavezares), is a municipality in the province of Northern Samar, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 29,801 people.

It is bounded on the west by the municipality of Allen, on the north-west by San Bernardino Strait, on the south and south-west by the municipality of Victoria, on the east by the municipality of Rosario and on the north by the municipality of Biri.
Demetrius I of Georgia
Demetrius I (Georgian: დემეტრე I, romanized: demet're I) (c. 1093 – 1156), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was a Georgian monarch (mepe) who ruled the Kingdom of Georgia from 1125 to 1154 and again from 1155 until his death in 1156. He is also known as a poet.

Regarded as a saint by the Orthodox Church, his feast day is celebrated on May 23 in the Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar.

Shah-Armens
The Shah-Armens (lit. 'Kings of Armenia', Turkish: Ermenşahlar), also known as Ahlatshahs (lit. 'Rulers of Ahlat', Turkish: Ahlatşahlar) or Begtimurids, was a Turkoman Sunni Muslim dynasty founded after the Battle of Manzikert (1071) and centred in Ahlat on the northwestern shore of the Lake Van. This region comprised most of modern-day Bitlis and Van, and parts of Muş provinces.