hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Laser rangefinder
A laser rangefinder, also known as a laser telemeter or laser distance meter, is a rangefinder that uses a laser beam to determine the distance to an object. The most common form of laser rangefinder operates on the time of flight principle by sending a laser pulse in a narrow beam towards the object and measuring the time taken by the pulse to be reflected off the target and returned to the sender. Due to the high speed of light, this technique is not appropriate for high precision sub-millimeter measurements, where triangulation and other techniques are often used instead. Laser rangefinders are sometimes classified as type of handheld scannerless lidar.

Infrared search and track
An Infrared Search and Track (IRST) system (sometimes called infrared sighting and tracking) detects and tracks objects that emit infrared radiation, such as the infrared signatures of jet aircraft and helicopters.

A generalized case of forward-looking infrared (FLIR) systems, IRST systems provide all-around situation awareness. Their thermographic cameras are passive: unlike radar, they do not emit radiation and therefore do not add to an aircraft's emissions signature. Within range, an IRST's angular resolution is better than radar because infrared has a shorter wavelength than radar emissions. But an IRST's range is less than radar because infrared emissions are attenuated by the atmosphere and by poor weather (although less so than visible light).
Max Caster
Max Caster (born July 31, 1990) is an American professional wrestler and rapper. He is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where he is a former one-time AEW World Trios Champion and one-time AEW World Tag Team Champion. He is also a former member of The Acclaimed.

He began his wrestling career in 2015 and signed with AEW in November 2020, beginning a team with Bowens called The Acclaimed. Caster is known for his hip hop-inspired persona, often rapping to diss his opponents during his entrance. He released his debut album, Critically Acclaimed, Vol.1, in May 2021, under the name Platinum Max.

House of Black
The Hounds of Hell is a professional wrestling tag team and former stable that performs in All Elite Wrestling (AEW), consisting of Brody King and Buddy Matthews, which formerly consisted of leader Malakai Black and Julia Hart. Black, King and Matthews are former one-time AEW World Trios Champions; while Black and King also wrestle for Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG), where they are the final PWG World Tag Team Champions. Hart is a former one-time AEW TBS Champion.

The group ultimately started in PWG at Mystery Vortex 7 in 2021, where Black and King formed a tag team called Kings of the Black Throne. They would win the promotion's World Tag Team Championship later that year. King joined AEW in 2022, where Black was already competing, thus bringing the Kings of the Black Throne to AEW and starting the formation of the House of Black. Their motto was "The House Always Wins." In January 2025, Black left the group and it was renamed to the "Hounds of Hell".
Yaroslavl
Yaroslavl (/ˌjærəˈslævəl/; Russian: Ярославль, IPA: [jɪrɐˈsɫavlʲ]) is a city and the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located 250 kilometers (160 mi) northeast of Moscow. The historic part of the city is a World Heritage Site, and is located at the confluence of the Volga and the Kotorosl rivers. It is part of the Golden Ring, a group of historic cities northeast of Moscow that have played an important role in Russian history. The population of the city at the 2021 census was 577,279.

Kashin (town)
Kashin (Russian: Ка́шин) is a town and the administrative center of Kashinsky District in Tver Oblast, Russia, located around a rural agricultural area on the Kashinka River (Volga's tributary). Population: 16,171 (2010 Census); 17,299 (2002 Census); 21,186 (1989 Soviet census); 18,000 (1970).
Regional Municipality of York
The Regional Municipality of York, also called York Region, is a regional municipality in Southern Ontario, Canada, between Lake Simcoe and Toronto. The region was established after the passing of then Bill 102, An Act to Establish The Regional Municipality of York, in 1970. It replaced the former York County in 1971, and is part of the Greater Toronto Area and the inner ring of the Golden Horseshoe. The regional government is headquartered in Newmarket.

As of the 2021 census, York Region's population was 1,173,334, with a growth rate of 5.7% from 2016. The Government of Ontario expects its population to surpass 1.5 million residents by 2031.  The three largest cities in York Region are Markham, Vaughan and Richmond Hill.

2021 Canadian census
The 2021 Canadian census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population with a reference date of May 11, 2021. It recorded a total national population of 36,991,981 – a 5.2% increase over the five years from 2016. The 2021 census followed the 2016 Canadian census, which recorded a population of 35,151,728, and will be succeeded by Canada's 2026 census. The overall response rate in 2021 was 98%, slightly lower than the response rate for the 2016 census.
General officer
A general officer is an officer of high rank in the armies, and in some nations' air and space forces, marines or naval infantry.

In some usages, the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colonel.

Willard Ames Holbrook
Major General Willard Ames Holbrook (July 23, 1860 – July 18, 1932) was a United States Army officer who served for almost forty years. Coming from a family with long military tradition, he was the father of future Brigadier General Willard Ames Holbrook Jr. and brother of Major General Lucius Roy Holbrook.
Lower Carniola
Littoral

Carniola: 2a Upper, 2b Inner, 2c Lower

Carinthia

Styria

Prekmurje

Lower Carniola (Slovene: Dolenjska pronounced [dɔˈlèːnska]; German: Unterkrain) is a traditional region in Slovenia, the southeastern part of the historical Carniola region. Its largest town and urban center is Novo Mesto, with other urban centers including Kočevje, Grosuplje, Krško, Trebnje, and Ribnica.

Podkum
Podkum (pronounced [pɔˈtkuːm] or [ˈpoːtkum]; German: Sankt Georgen) is a settlement in the Municipality of Zagorje ob Savi in central Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Sava Statistical Region.
Shimoda, Shizuoka
Shimoda (下田市, Shimoda-shi) is a city and port located in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 February 2024, the city had an estimated population of 19,670 in 10,436 households, and a population density of 188 persons per square kilometre (490 persons/mi2). The total area of the city is 104.71 square kilometres (40.43 sq mi). In the 1850s, Japan was in political crisis over its increasing inability to maintain its national seclusion policy and the issue of what relations, if any, it should have with foreign powers. For a few years, Shimoda was central to this debate.

1854 Tōkai earthquake
The 1854 Tōkai earthquake was the first of the Ansei great earthquakes (1854–1855). It occurred at about 09:00 local time on 23 December 1854. It had a magnitude of 8.4 and caused a damaging tsunami.  More than 10,000 buildings were destroyed and several thousand people were killed.: 416 
It was the first of the three Ansei great earthquakes; the 1854 Ansei-Nankai earthquake of similar size hit southern Honshu the following day.
Suruç
Suruç (pronounced [ˈsuɾutʃ]; Kurdish: Pirsûs; Syriac: ܣܪܘܓ Sruḡ) is a municipality and district of Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey. Its area is 744 km2, and its population is 100,961 (2022). It is on a plain near the Syrian border 46 kilometres (29 mi) southwest of the city of Urfa. Its inhabitants are Kurds.

Dara (Mesopotamia)
Dara or Daras (Turkish: Dara Antik Kenti;  Greek: Δάρας; Syriac: ܕܪܐ) was an important East Roman fortress city in northern Mesopotamia on the border with the Sassanid Empire. Because of its great strategic importance, it featured prominently in the Roman-Persian conflicts (in 530, 540, 544, 573, and 604). The former archbishopric remains a multiple Catholic titular see. Today, the village of Dara in the Mardin Province occupies its location.
Speed skating at the 1956 Winter Olympics – Men's 1500 metres
The 1500 metres speed skating event was part of the speed skating at the 1956 Winter Olympics programme. The competition was held on naturally frozen ice on the Lake Misurina. It was held on Monday, 30 January 1956, started at 2 PM and ended at 4:05 PM. Fifty-four speed skaters from 18 nations competed.

Speed skating at the 1956 Winter Olympics – Men's 5000 metres
The 5000 metres speed skating event was part of the speed skating at the 1956 Winter Olympics programme. The competition was held on naturally frozen ice on the Lake Misurina. It was held on Sunday, 29 January 1956, started at 11 a.m. and ended at 3 p.m. Forty-six speed skaters from 17 nations competed.
East Japan Railway Company
The East Japan Railway Company is a major passenger railway company in Japan and the largest of the seven Japan Railways Group companies. The company name is officially abbreviated as JR East in English, and as JR Higashi-Nihon in Japanese. The company's headquarters are in Yoyogi, Shibuya, Tokyo, next to Shinjuku Station. It is listed in the Tokyo Stock Exchange (it formerly had secondary listings in the Nagoya and Osaka stock exchanges), is a constituent of the TOPIX Large70 index, and is one of three Japan Railways Group constituents of the Nikkei 225 index, the others being JR Central and JR West.

Toei Shinjuku Line
The Toei Shinjuku Line (都営地下鉄新宿線, Toei Chikatetsu Shinjuku-sen) is a rapid transit line in Tokyo and Chiba Prefecture, Japan, operated by the municipal Toei Subway. The line runs between Motoyawata in Ichikawa, Chiba in the east and Shinjuku in the west. At Shinjuku, most trains continue as through services to Sasazuka on the Keiō New Line, with some services continuing to Hashimoto in Sagamihara, Kanagawa via the Keiō Line and the Keiō Sagamihara Line.

On maps and signboards, the line is shown in the color leaf green. Stations carry the letter "S" followed by a two-digit number inside a lime green circle.

In fiscal year 2023, the Shinjuku Line was Toei's third most profitable line, earning ¥6.25 billion in surplus. It served 704,235 passengers on average per day, the second highest in the Toei network (after the Oedo Line).
Der Freischütz
Der Freischütz (J. 277, Op. 77 The Marksman or The Freeshooter) is a German opera with spoken dialogue in three acts by Carl Maria von Weber with a libretto by Friedrich Kind, based on a story by Johann August Apel and Friedrich Laun from their 1810 collection Gespensterbuch. It premiered on 18 June 1821 at the Schauspielhaus Berlin. It is considered the first German Romantic opera.

The opera's plot is mainly based on August Apel's tale "Der Freischütz" from the Gespensterbuch though the hermit, Kaspar and Ännchen are new to Kind's libretto. That Weber's tunes were just German folk music is a common misconception. Its unearthly portrayal of the supernatural in the famous Wolf's Glen scene has been described as "the most expressive rendering of the gruesome that is to be found in a musical score".

Le prophète
Le prophète (The Prophet) is a grand opera in five acts by Giacomo Meyerbeer, which was premiered in Paris on 16 April 1849. The French-language libretto was by Eugène Scribe and Émile Deschamps, after passages from the Essay on the Manners and Spirit of Nations by Voltaire. The plot is based on the life of John of Leiden, Anabaptist leader and self-proclaimed "King of Münster" in the 16th century.
Semi-trailer truck
A semi-trailer truck (also known by a wide variety of other terms – see below) is the combination of a tractor unit and one or more semi-trailers to carry freight. A semi-trailer attaches to the tractor with a type of hitch called a fifth wheel.

Axle
An axle or axletree is a central shaft for a rotating wheel or gear. On wheeled vehicles, the axle may be fixed to the wheels, rotating with them, or fixed to the vehicle, with the wheels rotating around the axle. In the former case, bearings or bushings are provided at the mounting points where the axle is supported.  In the latter case, a bearing or bushing sits inside a central hole in the wheel to allow the wheel or gear to rotate around the axle.  Sometimes, especially on bicycles, the latter type of axle is referred to as a spindle.
Aurangabad Airport
Aurangabad Airport (IATA: IXU, ICAO: VAAU) is a customs airport serving the city of Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. It is located at Chikalthana, about 5.5 km (3.4 mi) east of the city centre and 11 km from Aurangabad Railway Station, along the Aurangabad–Nagpur State Highway. The airport is owned and operated by the Airports Authority of India, with one passenger terminal covering 190,000 square feet of floor area and two aerobridges.

In March 2020, the Government of Maharashtra proposed to rename the airport as Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj Airport after the Maratha ruler Sambhaji. In December 2025, the Government of India released an order for the airport to be renamed as Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar Airport. However, as it differed from the original proposal of the state government, and the renaming was later put on hold by the Airports Authority of India.

Nanded Airport
Nanded Airport (IATA: NDC, ICAO: VAND), officially known as Shri Guru Gobind Singh Ji Airport, is a domestic airport serving the city of Nanded, in the state of Maharashtra, India. It was inaugurated on 4 October 2008 by the former Minister of Civil Aviation, Praful Patel, and the then Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Vilasrao Deshmukh, with Kingfisher Airlines flying a special commemorative flight to the airport using its ATR-72 turboprop aircraft. It is named after Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth and the last Sikh Guru.
No. 3 Squadron RAF
Number 3 Squadron, also known as No. 3 (Fighter) Squadron, of the Royal Air Force operates the Eurofighter Typhoon FGR4 from RAF Coningsby, Lincolnshire, since reforming on 1 April 2006. It was first formed on 13 May 1912 as one of the first squadrons of the Royal Flying Corps – being the first to fly heavier than air aircraft.

No. 501 Squadron RAuxAF
No. 501 Squadron was the 14th of the 21 flying units in the Royal Auxiliary Air Force, the volunteer reserve part of the British Royal Air Force. The squadron won seven battle honours, flying Hurricane, Spitfire and Tempest fighter aircraft during World War II, and was one of the most heavily engaged units in RAF Fighter Command. In particular, the Squadron saw extensive action during the Battle of France and Battle of Britain. At present the unit is not flying any more and has a logistics role as part of No 85 Expeditionary Logistics Wing.
106th Guards Airborne Division
The 106th Guards Tula Red Banner Orders of Kutuzov and Suvorov Airborne Division (Russian: 106-я гвардейская воздушно-десантная Тульская Краснознамённая орденов Кутузова и Суворова дивизия; MUN 55599), more generally referred to as the Tula Division, is one of the four airborne divisions of the Russian Airborne Troops, the VDV (Russian: Воздушно-десантные войска, romanized: Vozdushno-desantnye voyska). Based in the city of Tula, to the south of Moscow, it is administratively located within the Moscow Military District.

217th Guards Airborne Regiment
The 217th Guards Airborne Regiment is an airborne regiment of the Russian Airborne Troops. It was formed in 1948 from elements of the 296th Guards Airlanding Regiment. Currently based in Ivanovo, it is part of the 98th Guards Airborne Division.
Minami-Fukumitsu Frequency Converter
Minami-Fukumitsu Frequency Converter (南福光連系所, Minami-Fukumitsu Hendensho) is the name given to an HVDC back-to-back station for the interconnection of the power grids of western and eastern Japan. This facility went in service in March 1999. It operates with a voltage of 125 kV and can transfer a power up to 300 megawatts.  The station is located in Nanto, Toyama Prefecture.

Sakuma Dam
The Sakuma Dam (佐久間ダム, Sakuma damu) is a dam on the Tenryū River, located on the border of Toyone, Kitashitara District, Aichi Prefecture on the island of Honshū, Japan. It is one of the tallest dams in Japan and supports a 350 MW hydroelectric power station. Nearby a frequency converter station is installed, allowing interchange of power between Japan's 50 Hz and 60 Hz AC networks.
Peduncle (botany)
In botany, a peduncle is a stalk supporting an inflorescence or a solitary flower, or, after fertilisation, an infructescence or a solitary fruit. The peduncle sometimes has bracts (a type of cataphyll) at nodes. The main axis of an inflorescence above the peduncle is the rachis, which hosts flowers (as opposed to directly on the peduncle).

When a peduncle arises from the ground level, either from a compressed aerial stem or from a subterranean stem (rhizome, tuber, bulb, corm), with few or no bracts except the part near the rachis or receptacle, it is referred to as a scape.

The acorns of the pedunculate oak are borne on a long peduncle, hence the name of the tree.

Connation
Connation in plants is the developmental fusion of organs of the same type, for example, petals to one another to form a tubular corolla. This is in contrast to adnation, the fusion of dissimilar organs. Such organs are described as connate or adnate, respectively. When like organs that are usually well separated are placed next to each other, but not actually connected, they are described as connivent (that is the case for anthers in several genera, such as Solanum).
Paddle steamer
A paddle steamer is a steamship or steamboat powered by a steam engine driving paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water. Earlier ships that are driven by a paddle wheel under manual power are known as paddle wheelers.

In the early 19th century, paddle wheels were the predominant way of propulsion for steam-powered boats. In the late 19th century, paddle propulsion was largely superseded by the screw propeller and other marine propulsion systems that have a higher efficiency, especially in rough or open water.

Paddle wheels continue to be used by some ships that operate as excursion boats, floating restaurants, and casinos; these include replica vessels, and are often diesel powered.

Small pedal-powered paddle boats are also found, typically as novelty attractions.

Cottonclad warship
Cottonclads were a classification of steam-powered warships where a wooden ship was protected from enemy fire by bales of cotton lining its sides. Cottonclads were prevalent during the American Civil War, particularly in the Confederate States Navy for riverine and coastal service, such as in the battles of Memphis, Galveston, and Sabine Pass. Confederate tactics generally had cottonclads, which were outgunned by Union warships, steam at full speed towards enemy vessels, relying on the cotton to absorb fire. Once they were within firing range, they would open fire, and, if possible, ram or board the enemy.
Sauna
A sauna (/ˈsɔːnə, ˈsaʊnə/, Finnish: [ˈsɑu̯nɑ]) is a room or building designed as a place to experience dry or wet heat sessions or an establishment with one or more of these facilities. The steam and high heat make the bathers perspire. A thermometer in a sauna is used to measure temperature; a hygrometer can be used to measure levels of humidity or steam. Infrared therapy is often referred to as a type of sauna, but according to the Finnish sauna organizations, infrared is not a sauna.

Leisure centre
A leisure centre, sports centre, or recreation centre is a purpose-built building or site, usually owned and provided by the local government authority, where people can engage in a variety of sports and exercise, and keep fit.
Ruth Underwood
Ruth Underwood (née Komanoff; May 23, 1946) is an American musician best known for playing xylophone, marimba, vibraphone, and other percussion instruments for Frank Zappa and his band The Mothers of Invention. She played for Zappa from 1968 until the mid-1970s, and again briefly before Zappa's death in 1993. She married fellow Zappa musician Ian Underwood.

Tom Fowler (bassist)
Thomas William Fowler (June 10, 1951 – July 2, 2024) was an American bass guitarist. Born in Salt Lake City, Utah, he started playing the violin at age six, before picking up the upright bass, and finally electric bass at age 16. He played with It's a Beautiful Day, Frank Zappa, The Mothers of Invention, Jean-Luc Ponty, Ray Charles, Steve Hackett, and many others. He had four brothers, including trombonist Bruce and trumpeter Walt Fowler.

Fowler also recorded albums with Air Pocket, a band including his siblings among others. Fowler died following complications from an aneurysm on July 2, 2024, at the age of 73.
Important Bird Area
An Important Bird and Biodiversity Area (IBA) is an area identified using an internationally agreed set of criteria as being globally important for the conservation of bird populations.

IBA was developed and sites are identified by BirdLife International. There are over 13,000 IBAs worldwide. These sites are small enough to be entirely conserved and differ in their character, habitat or ornithological importance from the surrounding habitat. In the United States the program is administered by the National Audubon Society.

Often IBAs form part of a country's existing protected area network, and so are protected under national legislation. Legal recognition and protection of IBAs that are not within existing protected areas varies within different countries. Some countries have a National IBA Conservation Strategy, whereas in others protection is completely lacking.

Glover's Reef
Glover's Reef is a partially submerged atoll located off the southern coast of Belize, approximately 45 km (28 mi) from the mainland. It forms part of the outermost boundary of the Belize Barrier Reef, and is one of its three atolls, besides Turneffe Atoll and Lighthouse Reef.
Broward County, Florida
Broward County (/ˈbraʊ.ərd/ BROURD) is a county in Florida, United States, located in the Miami metropolitan area. It is Florida's second-most populous county after Miami-Dade County and the 17th-most populous in the United States, with 1,944,375 residents as of the 2020 census. Its county seat and most populous city is Fort Lauderdale, which had a population of 182,760 as of 2020. The county is part of the South Florida region of the state.

Broward County is one of the three counties that make up the Miami metropolitan area, which is home to 6.14 million people as of 2020. It is also one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the entire country. As of 2022, Broward County has a gross domestic product of $124.8 billion, the second-largest GDP of Florida's 67 counties and the 25th-largest for the nation's 3,033 counties.

St. Thomas Aquinas High School (Florida)
St. Thomas Aquinas High School is a private, Catholic, college-preparatory high school in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States. The school was founded in 1936 as part of St. Anthony School and moved to its current location in southwest Fort Lauderdale in 1952. It is sponsored by the Archdiocese of Miami and accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. The school currently enrolls 2,420 students on its 25-acre (100,000 m2) campus.

The Raiders athletic teams have won over 100 state championships and have achieved a national profile. Graduates of St. Thomas Aquinas include numerous professional athletes, thirteen Olympians, prominent state politicians, and award-winning authors and actors.