hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Teutonic Order
The Teutonic Order is a Catholic religious institution founded as a military society c. 1190 in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem. The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem was formed to aid Christians on their pilgrimages to the Holy Land and to establish hospitals. Its members have commonly been known as the Teutonic Knights, having historically served as a crusading military order for supporting Catholic rule in the Holy Land and the Northern Crusades during the Middle Ages, as well as supplying military protection for Catholics in Eastern Europe.

Purely religious since 1810, the Teutonic Order still confers limited honorary knighthoods. The Bailiwick of Utrecht of the Teutonic Order, a Protestant chivalric order, is descended from the same medieval military order and also continues to award knighthoods and perform charitable work.

Chronicon terrae Prussiae
Chronicon terræ Prussiæ (lit. 'Chronicle of the Prussian Land') is a chronicle of the Teutonic Knights, by Peter of Dusburg, finished in 1326. The manuscript is the first major chronicle of the Teutonic Order in Prussia and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, completed some 100 years after the conquest of the crusaders into the Baltic region. It is a major source for information on the Order's battles with Old Prussians and Lithuanians.
Dayan Khan
Dayan Khan (/ˈdaɪən xɑːn/; Mongolian: Даян Хаан [ˈtajɴ ˈχaːɴ]), born Batumöngke (Middle Mongol: [b̥atʰʊ̆møŋkʰĕ], Modern Mongol: [paʰtmɵŋx]; Chinese: 巴圖蒙克 Bātúméngkè; 1472–1517) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1480 to 1517. During his rule, he reunited the Mongols under Chinggisid supremacy. His reigning title, "Dayan", means "the whole" or "long lasting" in Mongolian language as he was the longest reigning khagan of the unified Mongols.

Dayan Khan eliminated Oirat and the great Khan of chagatai Altnaa power and abolished the taishi system used by both local and foreign warlords. Dayan Khan's victory at Dalan Tergin reunified the Mongols and solidified their identity as Chinggisid people. His decision to divide the six tumens of Eastern Mongolia as fiefs for his sons created decentralized but stable Borjigin rule over the Mongolian Plateau for a century.

Oirat Confederation
The Four Oirats (Written Oirat: ᡑᡈᠷᡋᡈᠨᡆᡕᡅᠷᠠᡑ, Dörbön Oyirad; Mongolian: Дөрвөн Ойрад, romanized: Dörvön Oirad, pronounced [ˈtɵrw̜ʊ̈ɴ ˈɞe̯ɾ(ə)t]; Chinese: 四衛拉特) or Oirat Confederation, formerly known as the Eleuths, was the confederation of the Oirat tribes which marked the rise of the Western Mongols in the history of the Mongolian Plateau.

Despite the universal currency of the term "Four Oirat" among Eastern Mongols, Oirats, and numerous explanations by historians, no consensus has been reached on the identity of the original four tribes. While it is believed that the term Four Oirats refers to the Choros, Torghut, Dörbet and Khoshut tribes, there is a theory that the Oirats were not consanguineous units, but political-ethnic units composed of many patrilineages. In the early period, the Kergüd tribe also belonged to the confederation.
Amazon MGM Studios
Amazon MGM Studios is an American film and television production and distribution company owned by Amazon, and headquartered at the Culver Studios complex in Culver City, California. Launched in November 2010 as Amazon Studios, the company adopted its name in October 2023 after its merger with MGM Holdings, which Amazon had acquired the year prior.

Productions from the studio are primarily distributed through theaters and Amazon's own streaming media service, Amazon Prime Video.

Alongside Amazon Prime Video, the company constitutes one half of Amazon's membership in the Motion Picture Association (MPA), which it joined in October 2024.

Ty Franck
Ty Corey Franck (born May 18, 1969) is an American novelist, screenwriter, and television producer.  He is best known for co-authoring The Expanse with Daniel Abraham  under the pseudonym James S. A. Corey, as well as Game of Thrones: A Telltale Games Series (2014) and The Expanse: Expanded (2016).  The Expanse novels have been adapted into the television series The Expanse (2015–2022), with both Franck and Abraham serving as writers and producers on the show.

Franck wrote the Star Wars novel Honor Among Thieves (2014) with Abraham and used the pen name James S. A. Corey again. In addition to his own work, Franck has served as personal assistant to George R. R. Martin and has written for Martin's Wild Cards universe.

Leviathan Wakes, book one of The Expanse, was nominated for the 2012 Hugo Award for Best Novel, while The Expanse series was nominated in 2017 and again in 2020 where it won.
Mathrubhumi
Mathrubhumi is a Malayalam newspaper that is published from Kerala, India. It was founded by K. P. Kesava Menon, an active volunteer in the Indian freedom struggle against the British. The word "Mathrubhumi" translates to 'motherland'. It is the second most widely read newspaper daily in Kerala. It publishes a variety of magazines and supplements including the weekly literary magazine, Mathrubhumi Azhchappathippu.

Asianet News
Asianet News is an Indian Malayalam-language free-to-air news channel, operated by the Asianet News Network, a subsidiary of Asianxt Digital Technologies. The channel is based in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. Asianet News is currently one of the market leaders in the Malayalam television news sector.

Malayalam general entertainment channels, Asianet, Asianet Plus, and Asianet Movies, owned by JioStar (a joint venture between Viacom18 and Disney India) presently have no connection with the Asianet News Network channels.
2012 in UFC
The year 2012 was the 20th year in the history of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), a mixed martial arts promotion based in the United States. 2012 started with UFC 142: Aldo vs. Mendes and ended with UFC 155: dos Santos vs. Velasquez 2. The year saw the successful UFC Featherweight title defense by José Aldo, the crowning of Carlos Condit as the Interim Welterweight Champion, a new Lightweight Champion in Benson Henderson, a tournament to crown the first UFC Flyweight Champion as well as the finales of The Ultimate Fighter 15 and The Ultimate Fighter: Brazil.

2013 in UFC
The year 2013 was the 21st year in the history of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), a mixed martial arts promotion based in the United States. 2013 started with UFC on FX: Belfort vs. Bisping. 2013 also saw the introduction of the women's bantamweight weight class with UFC 157: Rousey vs. Carmouche.
German occupation of Norway
The occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany during the Second World War began on 9 April 1940 after Operation Weserübung. Conventional armed resistance to the German invasion ended on 10 June 1940, and Nazi Germany controlled Norway until the capitulation of German forces in Europe on 8 May 1945. Throughout this period, a pro-German government named Den nasjonale regjering ('the National Government') ruled Norway, while the Norwegian king Haakon VII and the prewar government escaped to London, where they formed a government in exile. Civil rule was effectively assumed by the Reichskommissariat Norwegen (Reich Commissariat of Norway), which acted in collaboration with the pro-German puppet government. This period of military occupation is, in Norway, referred to as the "war years", "occupation period" or simply "the war".

Dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden
The dissolution of the union (Bokmål: unionsoppløsningen; Nynorsk: unionsoppløysinga; Landsmål: unionsuppløysingi; Swedish: unionsupplösningen) between the kingdoms of Norway and Sweden under the House of Bernadotte, was set in motion by a resolution of the Storting on 7 June 1905. Following some months of tension and fear of an outbreak of war between the neighbouring kingdoms (then in personal union) – and a Norwegian plebiscite held on 13 August which overwhelmingly backed dissolution – negotiations between the two governments led to Sweden's recognition of Norway as an independent constitutional monarchy on 26 October 1905. On that date, King Oscar II renounced his claim to the Norwegian throne, effectively dissolving the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, and this event was swiftly followed, on 18 November, by the accession to the Norwegian throne of Prince Carl of Denmark, taking the name of Haakon VII.
Batales
Batales is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants.  This name was used in several systems, sometimes in the spelling Batidales. Often this order consisted of the genus Batis only.  In the 1981 version of the Cronquist system it was an order placed in subclass Dilleniidae with the following circumscription:

order Batales
family Gyrostemonaceae
family Bataceae

The APG II system, used here, includes all the plants involved in the (expanded) order Brassicales.

Theales
Theales is a botanical name at the rank of order.  Early classifications such as that of Dahlgren placed the Theales in the superorder Theiflorae (also called Theanae). The name was used by the Cronquist system for an order placed in subclass Dilleniidae, in the 1981 version of the system the circumscription was:

order Theales
family Ochnaceae
family Sphaerosepalaceae
family Dipterocarpaceae
family Caryocaraceae
family Theaceae
family Actinidiaceae
family Scytopetalaceae
family Pentaphylacaceae
family Tetrameristaceae
family Pellicieraceae
family Oncothecaceae
family Marcgraviaceae
family Quiinaceae
family Elatinaceae
family Paracryphiaceae
family Medusagynaceae
family Clusiaceae

In the APG II system (used here) the taxa involved are assigned to many different orders, among which are Ericales, Malvales, and Malpighiales.
Panellinios B.C.
Panellinios B.C. (Greek: Πανελλήνιος K.A.E.) or Panellinios Basket, full name Panellinios B.C. Athens, is a professional basketball club that is located in Athens, Greece. The club was founded in 1929.

The name Panellinios can be translated as Pan-Hellenic in English, and can be interpreted to mean "The Greek Nation". B.C. stands for basketball club. So the club's name can be interpreted to mean "The National Basketball Club". The Greek multi-sports club Panathinaikos A.O. was founded by Panellinios G.S. athletes. The club was previously owned by the Greek businessman Minos Kyriakou.

Makedonikos B.C.
Makedonikos B.C., full name Makedonikos Neapolis B.C. (Greek: Μακεδονικός Νεάπολης K.A.E.) is a Greek professional basketball club. The club is located in Neapoli, Thessaloniki, Greece. The parent athletic club was founded in 1928, and the basketball department was founded in 1948. Makedonikos means "Macedonian" in Greek.
Busan International Film Festival
The Busan International Film Festival (BIFF; Korean: 부산국제영화제), formerly the Pusan International Film Festival (PIFF), held annually in Haeundae District, Busan, South Korea, is one of the most significant film festivals in Asia. The first festival, held from 13 to 21 September 1996, was also the first international film festival in Korea.

The main focus of the BIFF is to introduce new films and first-time directors, especially those from Asian countries. Another notable feature is the appeal of the festival to young people, both in terms of the large youthful audience it attracts and through its efforts to develop and promote young talent.

In 1999, the Pusan Promotion Plan (renamed Asian Project Market in 2011) was established to connect new directors to funding sources. The 16th BIFF in 2011 saw the festival move to a new permanent home, the Busan Cinema Center in Centum City.

Baeksang Arts Awards
The Baeksang Arts Awards (Korean: 백상예술대상), also known as the Paeksang Arts Awards, are awards for excellence in film, television and theatre in South Korea. The awards were introduced in 1965 by Chang Key-young, the founder of the newspaper Hankook Ilbo, whose art name was "Baeksang". It was established for the development of Korean popular culture and art and for enhancing the morale of artists. They are regarded as one of the most prestigious entertainment awards in South Korea.

Baeksang Arts Awards are annually presented at a ceremony organised by JoongAng Group in the second quarter of each year. Until 2021, it was organised by Ilgan Sports before its acquisition by eDaily, a subsidiary of KG Group. It is the only comprehensive awards ceremony in the country, recognising excellence in film, television and theatre.
Riga Technical University
Riga Technical University (RTU) (Latvian: Rīgas Tehniskā universitāte) is the oldest technical university in the Baltic countries established on October 14, 1862. It is located in Riga, Latvia and was previously known as Riga Polytechnical Institute and Riga Polytechnicum.

In 1958, the Riga Polytechnic Institute was established as a separate institution, separating the departments of engineering from the Latvian State University. Over the years, the Riga Polytechnic Institute evolved and expanded its academic offerings, becoming one of the leading technical universities in the region. In 1990, it was renamed Riga Technical University (RTU), and today, it has nine faculties and is the largest STEM-oriented university in Latvia.

In the 2022 QS EECA university rankings, RTU was ranked 57th among the universities in Eastern Europe and Central Asia.

Riga Stradiņš University
Riga Stradiņš University (RSU) (Latvian: Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, Latin: Universitas Rigensis Stradina) is a public university located in the city of Riga, Latvia. The name Stradiņš (Latvian pronunciation: [ˈstradiɲʃ]) in the university's title refers to the Stradiņš family, who have had a significant influence on the course of community and academic life in Latvia for over a century.
Mu (letter)
Mu (/ˈm(j)uː/ ⓘ; uppercase Μ, lowercase μ; Ancient Greek μῦ [mŷː], Greek: μι or μυ—both [mi]) is the 12th letter of the Greek alphabet, representing the voiced bilabial nasal IPA: [m]. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 40. Mu was derived from the Egyptian hieroglyphic symbol for water, which had been simplified by the Phoenicians and named after their word for water, to become the letter mem (𐤌). Letters that derive from mu include the Latin M and the Cyrillic М, though the lowercase resembles a small Latin U (u).

Beta
Beta (UK: /ˈbiːtə/, US: /ˈbeɪtə/ ⓘ; uppercase Β, lowercase β, or cursive ϐ; Ancient Greek: βῆτα, romanized: bē̂ta or Greek: βήτα, romanized: víta) is the second letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 2. In Ancient Greek, beta represented the voiced bilabial plosive IPA: [b]. In Modern Greek, it represents the voiced bilabial fricative IPA: [β] while IPA: [b] in borrowed words is instead commonly transcribed as μπ. Letters that arose from beta include the Roman letter ⟨B⟩ and the Cyrillic letters ⟨Б⟩ and ⟨В⟩.
Lake Ontario
Lake Ontario (French: Lac Ontario) is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is bounded on the north, west, and southwest by the Canadian province of Ontario, and on the south and east by the U.S. state of New York. The Canada–United States border spans the centre of the lake. On the Canadian side, the major cities are Kingston, Mississauga, Toronto, Hamilton, and St. Catharines. On the American side, the major cities are Rochester and Watertown.

The last in the Great Lakes chain, Lake Ontario serves as the outlet to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River, comprising the western end of the Saint Lawrence Seaway. Its primary inlet is the Niagara River from Lake Erie. The Long Sault control dam, primarily along with the Moses-Saunders Power Dam regulates the water level of the lake.

The name Ontarí'io is most often translated from Huron as "beautiful lake", but other translations exist.

Waterfront Trail
The Great Lakes Waterfront Trail is a 3,600 km (2,200 mi) signed route of roads and trails in Ontario, Canada, running between Sault Ste. Marie and the Quebec border following the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River. The trail connects over 150 communities and First Nations. It is a legacy project of the Waterfront Regeneration Trust, and its community partners. Through Toronto, the trail is called the Martin Goodman Trail. The Waterfront Trail is also used by commuters in parts of Southern Ontario.
Alena Sharp
Alena Sharp (born March 7, 1981) is a Canadian professional golfer currently playing on the LPGA Tour. A graduate of New Mexico State University, where she played on the golf team, Sharp turned professional in 2003, playing two seasons on the Futures Tour and on other minor tours before joining the LPGA Tour in 2005.

Annie Park
Annie Park (born April 9, 1995) is an American professional golfer who plays on the LPGA Tour. Park has one win on that tour, at the 2018 ShopRite LPGA Classic, and competed in the 2019 Solheim Cup. Previously, she was the 2013 NCAA individual champion and had three victories on the Symetra Tour.
List of Star Wars planets and moons
The fictional universe of the Star Wars franchise features multiple planets and moons. While only the feature films and some other works are considered canon to the franchise since the 2012 acquisition of Lucasfilm by The Walt Disney Company, some canon planets were first named or explored in works from the non-canon Star Wars expanded universe, now rebranded as Star Wars Legends.

In the theatrical Star Wars films, many scenes set on these planets and moons were filmed on location rather than on a sound stage. For example, the resort city of Canto Bight on the planet Cantonica, seen in Star Wars: The Last Jedi (2017), was filmed in Dubrovnik, Croatia.

Cara Dune
Cara Dune is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise, appearing in the first two seasons of the Disney+ television series The Mandalorian. Portrayed by actress and former mixed martial artist Gina Carano, the character is a former Rebel shock trooper who became a mercenary after the Galactic Civil War, and is later employed as a marshal of the New Republic. A highly trained and battle-hardened special forces warrior, Cara is skilled in the use of weaponry, hand-to-hand combat, and battle tactics, and has an intense hatred of the Galactic Empire for its destruction of her homeworld, Alderaan. Carano described Cara as a loner who is having trouble readjusting to society following her career as a soldier.

In February 2021, following a series of controversial posts by Carano on social media, Lucasfilm announced that she would not return as Cara and that the character would not be recast.
Forward Prizes for Poetry
The Forward Prizes for Poetry are major British awards for poetry, presented annually at a public ceremony in London. They were founded in 1992 by William Sieghart with the aim of celebrating excellence in poetry and increasing its audience. The prizes do this by identifying and honouring talent: collections published in the UK and Ireland over the course of the previous year are eligible, as are single poems nominated by journal editors or prize organisers. Each year, works shortlisted for the prizes – plus those highly commended by the judges – are collected in the Forward Book of Poetry.

The awards have been sponsored since their inception by the content marketing agency Bookmark, formerly Forward Worldwide. The best first collection prize is sponsored by the estate of Felix Dennis.

The Forward Prizes for Poetry celebrated their 30th anniversary in 2021. In 2023, a new category for outstanding performance of a poem was added to the list of awards.

Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize
The Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize is a British literary prize established in 1963 in tribute to Geoffrey Faber, founder and first Chairman of the publisher Faber & Faber. It recognises a single volume of poetry or fiction by a United Kingdom, Irish or Commonwealth author under 40 years of age on the date of publication, and is in alternating years awarded to poetry and fiction (including short stories).

The prize is worth £1500.

The prize jury, comprising three reviewers, is selected by literary editors of journals and newspapers that regularly publish reviews of poetry and fiction.

In its first year, the prize was awarded to Christopher Middleton and George MacBeth for poetry. The first win by a short-story collection, The Quantity Theory of Insanity by Will Self, was in 1993.
AP Art and Design
Advanced Placement (AP) Art and Design, formerly known as AP Studio Art, is a series of courses offered by the College Board as part of its Advanced Placement program. AP Art and Design is divided into three categories: 2-D Art and Design, 3-D Art and Design, and Drawing.

AP Italian Language and Culture
Advanced Placement (AP) Italian Language and Culture (also known as AP Italian Language or AP Italian) is a course offered by the American College Board as part of the Advanced Placement Program. It is intended to give students a thorough background in the Italian language and Italian culture equivalent to a college-level course.

Due to low numbers of students taking AP Italian, it was temporarily discontinued after the 2008–2009 year. On July 3, 2008, The Italian Language Foundation was established to support Italian language education and the AP Italian program. On November 10, 2010, the College Board announced that the program would be reinstated in the fall of 2011, with the first AP Italian Exam scheduled for May 2012.
Phascolarctidae
The Phascolarctidae (φάσκωλος (phaskolos) -  pouch or bag, ἄρκτος (arktos) - bear, from the Greek phascolos + arctos meaning pouched bear) is a family of marsupials of the order Diprotodontia, consisting of only one extant species, the koala, and six well-known fossil species, with another six less well known fossil species, and two fossil species of the genus Koobor, whose taxonomy is debatable but are placed in this group. The closest relatives of the Phascolarctidae are the wombats, which comprise the family Vombatidae.

The fossil record of the family dates back to the Middle Miocene or Late Oligocene.

Phalangeridae
The Phalangeridae are a family of mostly nocturnal marsupials native to Australia, New Guinea, and Eastern Indonesia as far west as Sulawesi, including the cuscuses, brushtail possums, and their close relatives. Considered a type of possum, most species are arboreal, and they inhabit a wide range of forest habitats from alpine woodland to eucalypt forest and tropical jungle. Many species have been introduced to various non-native habitats by humans for thousands of years.
Feliciano Belmonte Jr.
Fernando Feliciano "Sonny" Racimo Belmonte Jr., KGCR (born October 2, 1936) is a Filipino politician who served as the 20th and 23rd speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from January to June 2001 and from 2010 to 2016. As a Congressman, Belmonte represented Quezon City's 4th congressional district from 1992 to 2001 and 2010 to 2019. Between his two stints in Congress, Belmonte served as the tenth mayor of Quezon City.

Franklin Drilon
Franklin Magtunao Drilon (Tagalog pronunciation: [dɾiˈlɔn]; born November 28, 1945) is a Filipino lawyer and former politician. He has served thrice as president of the Senate: in 2000, from 2001 to 2006, and from 2013 to 2016.

Having also served as Senate's president pro tempore, majority leader, and minority leader, he is the only senator to have held all four of the Senate's major leadership positions. A member of the Liberal Party since 2003, he has previously led the party as president, chairman, and vice-chairman.

He also served as labor secretary, justice secretary, and executive secretary in the administration of President Corazon Aquino. He became the secretary of justice again during the administration of President Fidel V. Ramos.

Drilon was born and raised in Iloilo City and studied law at the University of the Philippines. He placed third in the 1969 Bar Exams and worked as a private practice lawyer before joining the government.