hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jean Dubuffet
Jean Philippe Arthur Dubuffet (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ filip aʁtyʁ dybyfɛ]; 31 July 1901 – 12 May 1985) was a French painter and sculptor of the École de Paris (School of Paris). His idealistic approach to aesthetics embraced so-called "low art" and eschewed traditional standards of beauty in favor of what he believed to be a more authentic and humanistic approach to image-making. He is perhaps best known for founding the art movement art brut, and for the collection of works—Collection de l'art brut—that this movement spawned. Dubuffet enjoyed a prolific art career, both in France and in America, and was featured in many exhibitions throughout his lifetime.

Lyrical abstraction
Lyrical abstraction arose from either of two related but distinct trends in Post-war Modernist painting:

European Abstraction Lyrique: a movement that emerged in Paris, with the French art critic Jean José Marchand being credited with coining its name in 1947; considered a component of Tachisme when the name of this movement was coined in 1951 by Pierre Guéguen and Charles Estienne (author of L'Art à Paris 1945–1966); and

American Lyrical Abstraction: a movement described by Larry Aldrich (founder of the Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum in Ridgefield, Connecticut) in 1969.

A second definition is the usage as a descriptive term. It is a descriptive term characterizing a type of abstract painting related to Abstract Expressionism; in use since the 1940s. Many well known abstract expressionist painters such as Arshile Gorky seen in context have been characterized as doing a type of painting described as lyrical abstraction.
SU-76
The SU-76 (Samokhodnaya Ustanovka 76) was a Soviet light self-propelled gun used during and after World War II. The SU-76 was based on a lengthened version of the T-70 light tank chassis and armed with the ZIS-3 mod. 1942 76-mm divisional field gun. Developed under the leadership of chief designer S.A. Ginzburg (1900–1943). Its quite simple construction and multipurpose combat role made it the second most produced Soviet armored fighting vehicle of World War II, after the T-34 medium tank.

ISU-152
The ISU-152 (Russian: Самоходная установка на базе танка ИС с орудием калибра 152мм, ИСУ-152, romanized: Samokhodnaya Ustanovka na baze tanka IS s orudiyem kalibra 152mm, meaning "IS tank based self-propelled installation with 152mm caliber gun") is a Soviet self-propelled gun developed and used during World War II. It was unofficially nicknamed Zveroboy (Russian: Зверобой; "beast killer") in response to several large German tanks and guns coming into service, including Tigers and Panthers. Since the ISU-152's gun was mounted in a casemate, aiming it was awkward, and had to be done by repositioning the entire vehicle using the tracks. Therefore, it was used as mobile artillery to support more mobile infantry and armor attacks. It continued service into the 1970s and was used in several campaigns and countries.
Farida Akhtar Babita
Farida Akhtar Poppy, known by her stage name Babita, (born 30 July 1953) is a Bangladeshi film actress. She is best known for her performance in Satyajit Ray's Distant Thunder, a novel adaptation about the Bengal famine of 1943, which won the Golden Bear prize at the 23rd Berlin International Film Festival in 1973. She was active in the 1970s through 1990s as an actress in Bangladeshi films. She acted in 275 films.

After winning the National Film Award in 1975, she won three consecutive best actress prizes. She won Best Actor in 1986, Best Producer in 1997 and Best Supporting Actress Award twice in 2002 and 2012. In addition, she was awarded the lifetime achievement award of the National Film Award in the year 2016. In 2023, Bob Dubey, the mayor of Richardson, a city in North Texas,  officially declared 5 August as "Babita Day" in honor of her.

Shuchorita
Baby Helen (known by her stage name Shuchorita) is a Bangladeshi film actress.  She won the Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Actress for her role in the film Hangor Nodi Grenade (1997) and Best Supporting Actress for Meghkonna (2018). She has acted in over 100 movies.
United States district court
The United States district courts are the trial courts of the U.S. federal judiciary.  There is one district court for each federal judicial district.  Each district covers one U.S. state or a portion of a state. There is at least one federal courthouse in each district, and many districts have more than one. District court decisions are appealed to the U.S. court of appeals for the circuit in which they reside, except for certain specialized cases that are appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit or directly to the U.S. Supreme Court.

District courts are courts of law, equity, and admiralty, and can hear both civil and criminal cases. But unlike U.S. state courts, federal district courts are courts of limited jurisdiction, and can only hear cases that involve disputes between residents of different states, questions of federal law, or federal crimes.

United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas
The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (in case citations, E.D. Tex.) is a federal court in the Fifth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

The district was established on February 21, 1857, with the division of the state into an Eastern and Western District.
Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes
The Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes or Winter Battle of the Masurian Lakes, known in Germany as the Winter Battle in Masuria and in Russia as the Battle of Augustowo, was the northern part of the Central Powers' offensive on the Eastern Front in the winter of 1915 during World War I. The offensive was intended to advance beyond the Vistula River and potentially knock Russia out of the war. It was the last major battle fought on German soil during World War I.

Great Retreat (Russia)
The Great Retreat was a strategic withdrawal and evacuation on the Eastern Front of World War I in 1915. The Imperial Russian Army gave up the salient in Galicia and Congress Poland. The Russian Empire's critically under-equipped military suffered great losses in the Central Powers' July–September summer offensive operations, which led to the Stavka ordering a withdrawal to shorten the front lines and avoid the potential encirclement of large Russian forces in the salient. While the withdrawal itself was relatively well-conducted, it was a severe blow to Russian morale.
Spearmint
Spearmint (Mentha spicata), also known as garden mint, common mint, lamb mint and mackerel mint, is native to Europe and southern temperate Asia, extending from Ireland in the west to southern China in the east. It is naturalized in many other temperate parts of the world, including northern and southern Africa, North America, and South America. It is used as a flavouring in food and herbal teas. The aromatic oil, called oil of spearmint, is also used as a flavoring and sometimes as a scent.

The species and its subspecies have many synonyms, including Mentha crispa, Mentha crispata, and Mentha viridis.

Salvia officinalis
Salvia officinalis, common sage or sage, is a perennial, evergreen subshrub, with woody stems, grayish leaves, and blue to purplish flowers. It is a member of the mint family (Lamiaceae) and native to the Mediterranean region, though it has been naturalized in many places throughout the world. It has a long history of culinary use, and in modern times it has been used as an ornamental garden plant. The common name "sage" is also used for closely related species and cultivars.
North Chicago, Illinois
North Chicago is a city in Lake County, Illinois, United States, and a suburb of the Chicago metropolitan area. The population was 30,759 at the 2020 census making it the third-most populous city by population in the county, after Waukegan and Mundelein.

An industrial center, North Chicago is home to the Great Lakes Naval Training Center and Great Lakes Barracks Military housing. The city is also home to Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, which houses the Chicago Medical School.

Riverwoods, Illinois
Riverwoods is a village in Lake County, Illinois, United States. It was established on the banks of the Des Plaines River in 1959 by local steel magnate Jay Peterson. Per the 2020 census, the population was 3,790. The corporate headquarters of CCH are located there, as well as Orphans of the Storm, an animal shelter founded in 1928 by famous dancer Irene Castle. The village used to host the annual "Arts & Riverwoods" festival.
Ò
Ò, ò (o-grave) is a letter of the Latin script.

It is used in Catalan, Emilian, Lombard, Papiamento, Occitan, Kashubian, Romagnol, Sardinian, Scottish Gaelic, Taos, Vietnamese, Haitian Creole, Louisiana Creole, Norwegian, Welsh and Italian.

Ó
Ó, ó (o-acute) is a letter in the Czech, Dobrujan Tatar, Emilian-Romagnol, Faroese, Hungarian, Icelandic, Kashubian, Polish, Slovak, Karakalpak, and Sorbian languages. The symbol also appears in the Afrikaans, Catalan, Dutch, Irish, Nynorsk, Bokmål, Occitan, Portuguese, Spanish, Italian and Galician languages as a variant of the letter "o". It usually represents a vowel sound longer than or slightly different from that represented by plain "o", although in some cases its sound is notably different (as in modern Polish, where it is pronounced the same as "u"). In some cases it represents the vowel "o" with a particular tone (for example, a high rising tone in Vietnamese). It is sometimes also used in English for loanwords.
Alesana
Alesana (/ˌælɪsˈænə/ AL-iss-AN-ə) is an American emo/post-hardcore band from Raleigh, North Carolina. The group was founded by Shawn Milke, Dennis Lee, Patrick Thompson, Steven Tomany and Daniel Magnuson during the fall of 2004, and is currently signed to Revival Recordings and Artery Recordings. In total, Alesana has released five full-length studio albums and three EPs.

The band initially received underground attention shortly after the release of the debut On Frail Wings of Vanity and Wax, featuring a musical style influenced by pop, punk, metal and classic rock.

Sky Eats Airplane
Sky Eats Airplane was an American electronicore/post-hardcore band from Fort Worth, Texas. The band was signed to indie label Equal Vision Records and most recently released their self-titled full-length album through the label in July 2008. In March 2012, the official Sky Eats Airplane Facebook fan page indicated that there would be new SEA music sometime that year, although in November it was revealed that the band appears to be in an indefinite hiatus.
U.S. Route 167
U.S. Route 167 is a north-south United States Highway within the U.S. states of Louisiana and Arkansas. It runs for 500 miles (800 km) from Ash Flat, Arkansas at U.S. Route 62/U.S. Route 412 to Abbeville, Louisiana at Louisiana Highway 14. It goes through the cities of Little Rock, Arkansas, Alexandria, Louisiana, and Lafayette, Louisiana.

Some of the highway's route has been combined with or parallels Interstate 49 in Louisiana. Between Junction City, Arkansas, and Ruston, Louisiana, U.S. 167 runs concurrent with U.S. 63.

Interstate 10 in Louisiana
Interstate 10 (I-10), is a major transcontinental Interstate Highway in the Southern United States that runs across the southern part of Louisiana for 274.42 miles (441.64 km) from Texas to Mississippi. It passes through Lake Charles, Lafayette, and Baton Rouge, dips south of Lake Pontchartrain to serve the New Orleans metropolitan area, then crosses Lake Pontchartrain and goes into Mississippi.
Chicago Steel
The Chicago Steel are an ice hockey team that plays in the United States Hockey League since 2000. The Steel won Anderson Cups in 2020 and 2021, and won Clark Cups in 2017 and 2021. The team has played home games at Fox Valley Ice Arena in Geneva since 2015, and previously played home games at Edge Ice Arena in Bensenville from 2000 to 2015. Beginning in the 2026–27 season, the Steel will play home games at Fifth Third Arena, the practice facility for the Chicago Blackhawks.

Tri-City Storm
The Tri-City Storm is a Tier I junior ice hockey team based in Kearney, Nebraska, that plays in the Western Conference of the United States Hockey League (USHL). Its name refers to the three central Nebraskan cities of Kearney, Hastings, and Grand Island.
Teli
Teli is a caste traditionally occupied in the oil pressing and trade in India, Nepal, and Pakistan. Members may be either Hindu or Muslim; Muslim Teli are called Roshandaar or Teli Malik. They are included in Other Backward Class (OBC) category list by the Central government but not the higher sub castes within Teli such as Telik Vaishya.

Bhumij people
Bhumij (also transliterated as Bhumuj) is a Munda ethnic group of India. They primarily live in the Indian states of West Bengal, Odisha, Assam and Jharkhand, mostly in the old Singhbhum district and also in states like Bihar and Assam. A sizeable population is also found in Bangladesh. Bhumijas speak the Bhumij language, an Austroasiatic language, and use Ol Onal script for writing.
T. N. Seshagopalan
Madurai Thirumalai Nambi Seshagopalan (born, 5 September 1948) is a noted Carnatic singer, musician and composer. He was awarded the Madras Music Academy's Sangeetha Kalanidhi in 2006. As well as being a master of the veena and harmonium, he is an exponent of harikatha.

Sudha Ragunathan
Sudha Ragunathan is an Indian Carnatic vocalist, singer and composer. She was conferred the Kalaimamani award by the Government of Tamil Nadu in 1994, Padma Shri (2004) and Padma Bhushan (2015) by the Government of India, and Sangeetha Kalanidhi by Madras Music Academy in 2013.
2006 Gambian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in the Gambia on 22 September 2006. Incumbent President Yahya Jammeh was re-elected with 67.3% of the vote. Ousainou Darboe, who finished second with 27% of the vote, rejected the official results, saying that the elections had not been free and fair and that there was widespread voter intimidation.

2001 Gambian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in the Gambia on 18 October 2001. The result was a victory for the incumbent Yahya Jammeh, who received just over 50% of the vote.

The elections were marred by irregularities and repression of the opposition; Pre-election violence resulted in the death of an unarmed opposition supporter who was shot by a police officer, and several injuries. The government also expelled a British diplomat who had attended an opposition rally.
Codex Campianus
Codex Campianus is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament Gospels, written on parchment. It is designated as "M" or "021" in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts, and ε 72 in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts. Using the study of comparative writings styles (palaeography), it has been assigned to the 9th century CE.

The manuscript has complex contents. It has marginal notes and was prepared for liturgical (religious) use. It contains musical notation surrounding some of the text, with a Harmony of the Gospels included at the bottom of each page. Art miniatures are included of the respective evangelists before each Gospel.

The text of the manuscript was held in high esteem by some 19th-century scholars, but this general opinion changed in the 20th century; as a result the manuscript is rarely cited in critical editions of the Greek New Testament.

Codex Athous Lavrensis
The Codex Athous Laurae is a manuscript of the New Testament written in Greek uncial letters on parchment. It is designated by Ψ or 044 in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts, and δ 6 in the von Soden numbering of New Testament Manuscripts. The manuscript has many gaps in the text, as well as containing handwritten notes (known as marginalia). Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), the codex is dated  to the 8th or 9th century. The codex is currently kept in the Great Lavra monastery (B' 52) on the Athos peninsula.
Yohanan ben Zakkai
Yohanan ben Zakkai  (Hebrew: יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי, romanized: Yōḥānān ben Zakkaʾy; 1st century CE), sometimes abbreviated as ריב״ז‎ ribaz  for Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai, was a tanna, an important Jewish sage during the late Second Temple period during the transformative post-destruction era. He was a primary contributor to the core text of Rabbinic Judaism, the Mishnah. His name is often preceded by the honorific title Rabban. He is widely regarded as one of the most important Jewish figures of his time, and his escape from the Roman destruction of Jerusalem (which allowed him to continue teaching) may have been instrumental in Rabbinic Judaism's survival post-Temple. His tomb is located in Tiberias within the Maimonides burial compound.

Yohanan was the first Jewish sage attributed the title of rabbi in the Mishnah.

Council of Jamnia
Scholars refer to the Council of Jamnia (presumably Yavneh in the Holy Land) as a late 1st-century AD gathering that some claim finalized the canon of the Hebrew Bible in response to Christianity. Heinrich Graetz first proposed this theory in 1871, and many scholars accepted it throughout much of the 20th century. Since the 1960s, scholars have increasingly challenged and largely discredited the theory, arguing instead that the Hebrew canon emerged earlier, possibly during the Hasmonean period. Rabbinic and Messianic Jewish scholars, however, highlight Jamnia's role in consolidating Jewish textual tradition and communal identity, emphasizing its importance for scriptural interpretation and religious authority rather than formal canonical closure.
Chitwan District
Chitwan District (/ˈtʃɪtəˌwʌn/, Nepali: चितवन, [ˈtsit̪ʌwʌn] ⓘ) is one of seventy-seven districts of Nepal, and takes up the southwestern corner of Bagmati Province. Bharatpur, largest city of Nepal after Kathmandu, is its administrative centre. It covers 2,238.39 km2 (864.25 sq mi), and in 2011 had a population of 579,984 (279,087 male and 300,897 female) people. Bharatpur is the commercial and service centre of South Central Nepal and a major destination for higher education, health care and transportation in the region. Chitwan lies in the Terai region of Nepal. It is in the drainage basin of the Gandaki River and is roughly triangular, taking that river as its meandering northwestern border, and a modest watershed border, with India, as the basis of its southern limit.
Local government: Bharatpur Metropolitan, Rapti Municipality, Ratnanagar Municipality, Kalika Municipality, Khairahani Municipality, Madi Municipality, Ikshyakamana Gaupalika

Kathmandu District
Kathmandu District (Nepali: काठमाडौं जिल्लाListenⓘ; Nepal Bhasa: ये: जिल्ला) is a district located in Kathmandu Valley, Bagmati Province of Nepal. It is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal, covers an area of 413.69 km2 (159.73 sq mi), and is the most densely populated district of Nepal with 10,81,845 inhabitants in 2001, 17,44,240 in 2011 and 20,41,587 in 2021. The administrative headquarters of Kathmandu district is located in Kathmandu. The city has 21 post offices which handle mail from across the country and beyond, with Kathmandu DPO having 44,600 as its postal code for international mail delivery services like UPS or DHL Couriers etc.
New Holland honeyeater
The New Holland honeyeater (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae) is a honeyeater species found throughout southern Australia. It was among the first birds to be scientifically described in Australia, and was initially named Certhia novaehollandiae.

Noisy friarbird
The noisy friarbird (Philemon corniculatus) is a passerine bird of the honeyeater family Meliphagidae native to southern New Guinea and eastern Australia. It is one of several species known as friarbirds whose heads are bare of feathers. It is brown-grey in colour, with a prominent knob on its bare black-skinned head. It feeds on insects and nectar.
Pesticide
Pesticides are substances that are used to control pests. They include herbicides, insecticides, nematicides, fungicides, and many others (see table). The most common of these are herbicides, which account for approximately 50% of all pesticide use globally. Most pesticides are used as plant protection products (also known as crop protection products), which in general protect plants from weeds, fungi, or insects.

In general, a pesticide is a chemical or biological agent (such as a virus, bacterium, or fungus) that deters, incapacitates, kills, or otherwise discourages pests. Target pests can include insects, plant pathogens, weeds, molluscs, birds, mammals, fish, nematodes (roundworms), and microbes that destroy property, cause nuisance, spread disease, or are disease vectors. Pesticides thus increase agricultural yields. Along with these benefits, pesticides also have drawbacks, such as potential toxicity to humans and other species.

Food Quality Protection Act
The Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA), or H.R.1627, was passed unanimously by Congress in 1996 and was signed into law by President Bill Clinton on August 3, 1996. The FQPA standardized the way the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) would manage the use of pesticides and amended the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act and the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. It mandated a health-based standard for pesticides used in foods, provided special protections for babies and infants, streamlined the approval of safe pesticides, established incentives for the creation of safer pesticides, and required that pesticide registrations remain current.

One of the most prominent sections of the act, the specified protections for babies and infants, was the topic of the National Academy of Sciences' 1993 report, Pesticides in the Diets of Infants & Children. The EPA has cited this report as a catalyst for the creation of the FQPA.
A38 road
The A38, parts of which are known as Devon Expressway, Bristol Road and Gloucester Road, is a major A-class trunk road in England.

The road runs from Bodmin in Cornwall to Mansfield in Nottinghamshire. It is 292 miles (470 km) long, making it the longest two digit A road in England. It was formerly known as the Leeds–Exeter Trunk Road, when this description also included the A61. Before the opening of the M5 motorway in the 1960s and 1970s, the A38 formed the main "holiday route" from the Midlands to Somerset, Devon and Cornwall.

Considerable lengths of the road in the West Midlands closely follow Roman roads, including part of Icknield Street. Between Worcester and Birmingham the current A38 follows the line of a Saxon salt road.

For most of the length of the M5 motorway, the A38 road runs alongside it as a single carriageway road.

A449 road
The A449 is a major road in the United Kingdom. It runs north from junction 24 of the A48 road at Newport in South Wales to Stafford in Staffordshire.

The southern section of the road, between Ross on Wye and Newport forms part of the trunk route from Stafford to Newport, avoiding the Severn Bridge