hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Constantine, Algeria
Constantine (Arabic: قسنطينة, romanized: Qusanṭīnah), also spelled Qacentina or Kasantina, is the capital of Constantine Province in northeastern Algeria. During Roman times it was called Cirta and was renamed "Constantina" in honour of Emperor Constantine the Great. Located somewhat inland, Constantine is about 80 kilometres (50 miles) from the Mediterranean coast, on the banks of the Rhumel River.

Constantine is regarded as the capital of eastern Algeria and the commercial centre of its region and has a population of about 450,000 (938,475 with the agglomeration), making it the third largest city in the country after Algiers and Oran. There are several museums and historical sites located around the city. Constantine is often referred to as the "City of Bridges" because of the numerous picturesque bridges connecting the various hills, valleys, and ravines that the city is built on and around.

Constantine was named the Arab Capital of Culture in 2015.

Salah Bey ben Mostefa
Salah Bey ben Mostefa (Arabic: صالح باي; 1725–1792), was the bey of the Beylik of Constantine in the Deylik of Algiers from 1771 to 1792. Salah Bey's governance is marked by a victorious participation against the Invasion of Algiers (1775) during the Spanish–Algerian War (1775–1785) and his works of urban planning in Constantine. An example of remaining construction from his era is Bab El Kantra Bridge.
Bun B
Bernard James Freeman (born March 19, 1973), known professionally as Bun B, is an American rapper. He is best known as one half of the Southern rap duo UGK (Underground Kingz), which he formed in 1987 alongside Pimp C. Aside from his work with UGK, Bun B has released five solo albums, including 2010's Trill OG, which received the rare 5-mic rating from The Source.

Papoose (rapper)
Shamele Mackie (born March 5, 1978), known professionally as Papoose (/pæˈpuːs/), is an American rapper. Known for his freestyles and prolific mixtape output, Papoose began his career in 1998 and has released 4 studio albums and 29 mixtapes.

Born in New York, Mackie made his recording debut on Kool G Rap's 1998 album Roots of Evil. Papoose produced and distributed his own mixtapes during the early 2000s, and signed with Jive Records to record his debut studio album, The Nacirema Dream from 2005 to 2006. It failed to release in the latter year due to label conflicts, although it was released independently in 2013 and entered the Billboard 200. His second album, You Can't Stop Destiny (2015), followed thereafter.
2019–20 Damehåndboldligaen
The 2019–20 Damehåndboldligaen (known as HTH Ligaen for sponsorship reasons) was the 84th season of Damehåndboldligaen, Denmark's premier handball league. Team Esbjerg were the defending champions and HH Elite were promoted from the 1. division.

The season was disrupted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On March 11, 2020, the Danish Handball Federation decided to cancel all matches at all levels the following 14 days. On April 7 it was decided that the season would be declared over without playing the championship play-off or the remaining matches in the regular season and declare the leading team the champion.

Team Esbjerg won the title, as they were leading the table at the time. EH Aalborg were relegated, as they were last in table at the time of cancellation.

2020–21 Damehåndboldligaen
The 2020–21 Damehåndboldligaen (known as Bambusa Kvindeligaen for sponsorship reasons) was the 85th season of Damehåndboldligaen, Denmark's premier handball league. Team Esbjerg were the defending champions, Vendsyssel Håndbold were promoted from the 1. division, which was their first season ever in the top division.

Odense Håndbold won the title, and Vendsyssel Håndbold were relegated, as they finished last in the regular season. This was the first time Odense won the Danish championship.
David Immerglück
David A. Immerglück (born May 3, 1961) is an American multi-instrumentalist who is best known as a guitarist in the alternative rock bands Counting Crows, Camper Van Beethoven and the Monks of Doom, as well as for his tenure with American singer songwriter John Hiatt. A versatile musician, Immerglück also plays mandolin, pedal steel guitar, bass, slide guitar, electric sitar, keyboards, and sings.

Dan Vickrey
Daniel Vickrey (born August 26, 1966) is an American musician. He has performed since 1994 as a lead guitarist in the alternative rock band Counting Crows.  Vickrey also provides backing vocals, and is a harmonist within the band.

As co-writer of a number of hit songs with Counting Crows, Vickrey has distinguished himself as a nominee for a Grammy Award, Golden Globe Award, an Oscar, and was a winner of an award from BMI for co-writing the song "Accidentally in Love."
Tupou VI
Tupou VI (born ʻAho‘eitu ʻUnuakiʻotonga Tukuʻaho; 12 July 1959) is King of Tonga. He served as Prime Minister of Tonga from 2000 to 2006 during the reign of his father King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV.

Following his elder brother's accession to the Tongan throne as George Tupou V, he became heir presumptive, as his brother had no legitimate children. In 2008, he was appointed Tonga's High Commissioner to Australia and resided in Canberra until his elder brother's death on 18 March 2012, upon which he became King of Tonga. He was crowned in 2015 by the Reverend D'Arcy Wood.

Key events in Tupou VI's reign included the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption and tsunami and a constitutional crisis resulting from his dismissal of members of Prime Minister Siaosi Sovaleni's cabinet.

Sālote Tupou III
Sālote Tupou III (born Sālote Mafileʻo Pilolevu; 13 March 1900 – 16 December 1965) was Queen of Tonga from 1918 to her death in 1965. She reigned for nearly 48 years, the longest of any Tongan monarch. She was well known for her height, standing 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) tall in her prime.
2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season
The 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season began on November 5, 2019. The first tournament was the 2K Sports Classic and the season concluded prematurely on March 12, 2020. The 2020 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament was scheduled to end at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia, on April 6, 2020, but was ultimately canceled. All other postseason tournaments were canceled as well. Practices officially began in late September.

On March 12, 2020, the NCAA announced that all remaining winter and spring championships for both men's and women's sports were canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was the first cancellation in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament history. The NCAA did not name an official national champion after the tournament was canceled.

Kansas finished first in both major polls but has not claimed a national championship for the season.

2019–20 Atlantic 10 Conference men's basketball season
The 2019–20 Atlantic 10 Conference men's basketball season was the 44th season of Atlantic 10 Conference basketball. The season began with practices in October 2019, followed by the start of the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season in November. League play began in early January and ended in early March.

The 2020 Atlantic 10 tournament was to be held from March 11–15, 2020, at Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York, but on March 12, the season was suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

VCU is the defending regular-season champion, while Saint Louis is the defending Atlantic 10 Tournament champion.

Dayton won the regular season. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there was no Atlantic 10 Tournament champion.
Cadwallader C. Washburn
Cadwallader Colden Washburn (April 22, 1818 – May 14, 1882) was an American businessman, Republican politician, and Wisconsin pioneer.  He was the 11th governor of Wisconsin (1872–1874) and served 10 years in the U.S. House of Representatives, representing western Wisconsin.  As a businessman, he acquired and grew the Minneapolis Milling Company, creating the business that would later become General Mills.  During the American Civil War, Washburn also distinguished himself as a Union Army officer, and rose to the rank of major general, leading forces in the western theater of the war.

Cadwallader Washburn was a member of the Washburn family of Maine.  His brother, Israel Washburn Jr., was the 29th governor of Maine, and another brother, William D. Washburn, served as a United States senator from Minnesota.  Two other brothers were also notable politicians and diplomats.

William Barksdale
William Barksdale (August 21, 1821 – July 3, 1863) was an American lawyer, newspaper editor, U.S. Representative, and Confederate general in the American Civil War. He served four terms as  Mississippi's 3rd district's member of the U.S. House of Representatives, from 1853 to 1861.

A staunch secessionist, he was mortally wounded during the Battle of Gettysburg during an attack on U.S. Army forces near Cemetery Ridge.
Greenock
Greenock (/ˈɡriːnək/ ⓘ; Scots: Greenock; Scottish Gaelic: Grianaig, pronounced [ˈkɾʲiənɛkʲ]) is a town in Inverclyde, Scotland, located in the west central Lowlands of Scotland. The town is the administrative centre of Inverclyde Council. It is a former burgh within the historic county of Renfrewshire, and forms part of a contiguous urban area with Gourock to the west and Port Glasgow to the east.

The 2022 Census for Scotland showed that Greenock had a population of 42,870, a decrease from the 44,248 recorded in the 2011 UK Census. It lies on the south bank of the Clyde at the "Tail of the Bank" where the River Clyde deepens into the Firth of Clyde.

PS Comet
PS (paddle steamer) Comet was built in 1812 for Henry Bell, a Scottish engineer who with his wife had become proprietor of the Baths Hotel offering sea bathing in Helensburgh. On 15 August 1812, Bell's ship began a passenger service on the River Clyde, connecting Helensburgh to Greenock and Glasgow. This was the first commercially successful steamboat service in Europe. Bell obtained the engine from John Robertson of Glasgow, and the ship was built for him by John and Charles Wood of Port Glasgow.
Marshall, Minnesota
Marshall is a city in Lyon County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 13,628 at the 2020 census and 13,906 as of 2023 estimates. Marshall is a regional center in southwest Minnesota, and the county seat of Lyon County. It is the headquarters of the Schwan Food Company and the home of Southwest Minnesota State University.

Sioux Falls, South Dakota
Sioux Falls (/suː ˈfɔːlz/ soo FAWLZ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Minnehaha County and also extends into northern Lincoln County. The population was 192,517 at the 2020 census (estimated at 209,289 in 2024). The Sioux Falls metropolitan area, with an estimated 308,000 residents, accounts for more than one-third of South Dakota's population. Chartered in 1856 on the banks of the Big Sioux River, the city is situated in rolling hills at the junction of Interstates 29 and 90.
Osman II
Osman II (Ottoman Turkish: عثمان ثانى ‘Osmān-i sānī; Turkish: II. Osman; 3 November 1604 – 20 May 1622), also known as Osman the Young (Turkish: Genç Osman), was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 26 February 1618 until his regicide on 20 May 1622.

Suleiman II of the Ottoman Empire
Suleiman II (Ottoman Turkish: سليمان ثانى Süleymān-i sānī; Turkish: II. Süleyman; 15 April 1642 – 22 June 1691) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1687 to 1691. After being brought to the throne by an armed mutiny, Suleiman and his grand vizier Fazıl Mustafa Pasha were successfully able to turn the tide of the War of the Holy League, reconquering Belgrade in 1690, as well as carrying out significant fiscal and military reforms.
Salm-Horstmar
Salm-Horstmar was a short-lived Napoleonic County in far northern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, located around Horstmar, to the northeast of Münster. It was created in 1803 for Wild- and Rhinegrave Wilhelm Frederick Charles Augustus of Salm-Grumbach (1799-1865), member of an ancient German House of Salm, following the loss of Grumbach and other territories west of the Rhine to France. The county was mediatised to the Kingdom of Prussia in 1813 and the Wild- and Rhinegrave was awarded a princely title within the Kingdom of Prussia three years later, on 22 November 1816 by Frederick William III of Prussia.

Grand Duchy of Berg
The Grand Duchy of Berg (German: Großherzogtum Berg), also known as the Grand Duchy of Berg and Cleves, was a territorial grand duchy established in 1806 by Napoleon after his victory at the Battle of Austerlitz (1805) on territories between the French Empire at the Rhine river and the German Kingdom of Westphalia.
Vivan Sundaram
Vivan Sundaram (28 May 1943 – 29 March 2023) was an Indian contemporary artist. He worked in many different media, including painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography, installation, and video art, and his work was politically conscious and highly intertextual in nature. His work constantly referred to social problems, popular culture, problems of perception, memory, identification and history. He was married to art historian and critic Geeta Kapur.

Nilima Sheikh
Nilima Sheikh (born 18 November 1945) is a visual artist based in Baroda, India.

Since the mid-1980s, Sheikh has done extensive research about traditional art forms in India, advocated for the sustainability of the practice of traditional painters, and used a wide range of visual and literary sources in her work. Her work focuses on displacement, longing, historical lineage, tradition, communal violence, and the ideas of femininity. She started exhibiting her work in 1969 and has participated in numerous group exhibitions, most recently documenta 14, Athens and Kassel in 2017. Her first museum exhibition was organized by The Art Institute of Chicago in 2014.
Art of Noise
Art of Noise (also the Art of Noise) were a British avant-garde and electronic group formed in early 1983 by engineer/producer Gary Langan and programmer J. J. Jeczalik, along with keyboardist/arranger Anne Dudley, producer Trevor Horn, and music journalist Paul Morley. The group had international Top 20 hits with its interpretations of "Kiss", featuring Tom Jones, and the instrumental "Peter Gunn", which won a 1986 Grammy Award.

The group's mostly instrumental compositions were novel melodic sound collages based on digital sampler technology, which was new at the time. Inspired by turn-of-the-20th-century revolutions in music, the Art of Noise were initially packaged as a faceless anti- or non-group, blurring the distinction between the art and its creators. The band is noted for innovative use of electronics and computers in pop music, particularly its innovative use of sampling.

Propaganda (band)
Propaganda is a German synth-pop band formed in Düsseldorf in 1982. They signed a recording contract with the UK label ZTT Records in 1983 and released their first single "Dr. Mabuse" in 1984. Their debut studio album, the critically acclaimed A Secret Wish, was released in mid-1985, and contained both "Dr. Mabuse" and the hit single "Duel" (both singles were UK Top 30 hits). A second studio album, 1234, was recorded with a markedly different line-up and released in 1990 by Virgin Records to less success. There have been several partial reformations of the group in the 21st century, with the original vocalists Claudia Brücken and Susanne Freytag currently active as xPropaganda who released a new album in 2022, and the remaining original members Ralf Dörper and Michael Mertens continuing as Propaganda and releasing an album in 2024 with a guest vocalist Thunder Bae.
MFK Zemplín Michalovce
MFK Zemplín Michalovce (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈzempliːm ˈmixalɔwtse]) is a Slovak professional football team based in the town of Michalovce, that competes in the Slovak First Football League, the top tier in the Slovak league system, from 2015–16.

FC Košice
FC Košice is a Slovak professional football club based in Košice, that currently plays in the Slovak First Football League, the highest tier of Slovak football. FC Košice was founded in 2018. They merged into a new club with FK Košice-Barca. From a historical and traditional point of view, the club follows the first football club from Košice, Kassai Athletikai Club from 1903, later known as FC VSS Košice, but from a legal point of view it is a new club with a clean slate.
Line 1 (Shenzhen Metro)
Line 1 (formerly branded as Luobao line) of the Shenzhen Metro runs West–East from Airport East to Luohu. Traditionally, it is the most heavily used metro line on the Shenzhen Metro, serving an average of 960,000 people daily in 2014. It has since been surpassed by Line 5, but still averages over 1 million passengers per day as of March 2021, despite this number being under COVID measures.

Line 3 (Shenzhen Metro)
Line 3 (formerly branded as Longgang line) of the Shenzhen Metro runs northeastward from Futian Bonded Area to Pingdi Liulian. Line 3 opened on 28 December 2010.

Since opening, it has been heavily trafficked and became a major transport option for urban workers. Line 3 currently has a service interval of 5 minutes between trains across the entire length of the line. Sectional trains operate on weekdays, between Huaxin and Tangkeng, from 7:15 am to 9:15 am and from 5:45 pm to 7:45 pm. This is to alleviate surges in passenger traffic at Buji, since the opening of the connecting Shenzhen East.
Diocese of Rancagua
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Rancagua (in Latin: Dioecesis Rancaguensis) is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Santiago de Chile. The diocese was established on 18 October 1925 as Diócesis de Santa Cruz de Rancagua, by Pope Pius XII by means of the papal bull Apostolici muneris ratio.

The diocese is headed by Guillermo Patricio Vera Soto, who was named Bishop by Pope Francis on 8 June 2021.

Diocese of San Felipe, Chile
The Roman Catholic Diocese of San Felipe (Latin: Sancti Philippi) is a diocese located in the city of San Felipe in the ecclesiastical province of Santiago de Chile in Chile. The diocese was led by an apostolic administrator, Jaime Ortiz de Lazcano Piquer, from 21 September 2018 (when Pope Francis accepted the resignation of Bishop Cristián Contreras Molina, whom the Vatican had found innocent of charges of sexual abuse and who had had civil charges dropped for lack of evidence.) until 26 May 2020, when Gonzalo Arturo Bravo Álvarez was appointed the new Bishop (consecrated and installed on 13 August).
Gummidipoondi
Gummidipoondi is an industrial town in Chennai Metropolitan Region of Thiruvallur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Notably, it is the northernmost assembly constituency and settlement in the state of Tamil Nadu.

Ponneri
Ponneri is a town located  in  Chennai Metropolitan Area, Thiruvallur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located in Ponneri taluk.  It is a part of the area Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority (CMDA) and a vital locality in Chennai Metropolitan Area. Ponneri is a major destination for Andhra Pradesh people to buy goods.
Bonita, California
Bonita (Spanish for "Beautiful") is a census-designated place (CDP) in southern San Diego County, California, nestled between the cities of Chula Vista, National City, and San Diego. The population was 12,917 at the 2020 census, up from 12,538 at the 2010 census.

Spring Valley, San Diego County, California
Spring Valley is a census-designated place (CDP) in the East County region of San Diego County, California. The population was 30,998 at the 2020 census, up from 28,205 at the 2010 census.

From 1970 through 1990, Spring Valley included what is now the La Presa CDP to the south; La Presa is still popularly considered to be a part of Spring Valley. Extended definitions of Spring Valley may also include the Casa de Oro neighborhood to the north, which belongs to the Casa de Oro-Mount Helix CDP. Locations in both La Presa and Casa de Oro use Spring Valley addresses.

Spring Valley is served by the 91977 and 91978 ZIP Codes.
Q-ship
Q-ships, also known as Q-boats, decoy vessels, special service ships, or mystery ships, were heavily armed merchant ships with concealed weaponry, designed to lure submarines into making surface attacks. This gave Q-ships the chance to open fire and sink them.

They were used by the British Royal Navy and the German Kaiserliche Marine during the First World War and by the Royal Navy, the Kriegsmarine, the Imperial Japanese Navy, and the United States Navy during the Second World War. The German term is "Handelsstörer.

Though legally recognised as an acceptable tactic of military deception, they have attracted much controversy, enjoying only marginal success.

Gordon Campbell (Royal Navy officer)
Vice-Admiral Gordon Campbell, VC, DSO & Two Bars (6 January 1886 – 3 October 1953) was a British naval officer, writer, politician and a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He was also awarded the Croix de Guerre and appointed a chevalier of the Légion d'honneur for his actions during the First World War.
Private (rank)
A private is a soldier, usually with the lowest rank in many armies. Soldiers with the rank of private may be conscripts or they may be professional (career) soldiers.

The term derives from the term "private soldier". "Private" comes from the Latin word privus or perhaps privo that meant an individual person and later an individual without an office.

Major general
Major general is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of sergeant major general.

In English-speaking countries, when appointed to a field command, a major general is typically in command of a division consisting of around 6,000 to 25,000 troops (several regiments or brigades). It is a rank that is subordinate to the rank of lieutenant general and senior to the rank of brigadier or brigadier general. In the Commonwealth, major general is equivalent to the navy rank of rear admiral. In air forces with a separate rank structure (Commonwealth), major general is equivalent to air vice-marshal.

In some countries including much of Eastern Europe, major general is the lowest of the general officer ranks without brigadier general rank.
Cotton mouse
The cotton mouse (Peromyscus gossypinus) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae.  It is a species of the genus Peromyscus, a closely related group of New World mice often called "deermice". It is endemic to the woodlands of the Southern United States.

Oldfield mouse
The oldfield mouse, oldfield deermouse or beach mouse (Peromyscus polionotus) is a nocturnal species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is a species of the genus Peromyscus, a closely related group of New World mice often called "deermice", that primarily eats seeds. It lives in holes throughout the Southeastern United States in beaches and sandy fields. Predators to these mice include birds and mammals. In 2016, these mice were in the least concern category on the IUCN Red List with certain subspecies classified as extinct, critically endangered, endangered or near threatened.
Al-Maqrizi
Al-Maqrīzī (Arabic: المقريزي, full name Taqī al-Dīn Abū al-'Abbās Aḥmad ibn 'Alī ibn 'Abd al-Qādir ibn Muḥammad al-Maqrīzī, تقي الدين أحمد بن علي بن عبد القادر بن محمد المقريزي; 1364–1442) was a medieval Egyptian historian and biographer during the Mamluk era, known for his interest in the Fatimid era, and the earlier periods of Egyptian history. He is recognized as the most influential historian of premodern Egypt.

Sa'ad ad-Din II
Sa'ad ad-Din II (Arabic: سعد الدين الثاني), reigned c. 1386 – c. 1403 or c. 1410, was a Sultan of the Ifat Sultanate. He was the brother of Haqq ad-Din II, and the father of Mansur ad-Din, Sabr ad-Din II and Badlay ibn Sa'ad ad-Din. The historian Richard Pankhurst describes him as "the last great ruler of Ifat."