hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Republic of Ragusa
The Republic of Ragusa was an aristocratic maritime republic centered on the city of Dubrovnik (Ragusa in Italian and Latin; Raguxa in Venetian) in South Dalmatia (today in southernmost Croatia) in Southern Europe that carried that name from 1358 until 1808. It reached its commercial peak in the 15th and the 16th centuries, before being conquered by Napoleon's French Empire and formally annexed by the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy in 1808. By then it had a population of about 30,000 people, of whom 5,000 lived within the city walls. Its motto was "Non bene pro toto libertas venditur auro", a Latin phrase which can be translated as "Liberty is not well sold for all the gold".

List of people associated with the Republic of Ragusa
Here follows a list of notable Ragusans and Rectors of the Republic of Ragusa (also known as the Republic of Dubrovnik), a maritime republic centered on the city of Dubrovnik on the eastern coast of the Adriatic.
Lamination
Lamination is the technique/process of manufacturing a material in multiple layers, so that the composite material achieves improved strength, stability, sound insulation, appearance, or other properties from the use of the differing materials, such as plastic. A laminate is a layered object or material assembled using heat, pressure, welding, or adhesives.  Various coating machines, machine presses and calendering equipment are used.

Lamination may be applied to textiles, glass, wood, or other materials. Laminating paper in plastic makes it sturdy, waterproof, and erasable. Laminating metals and electronic components may provide electrical insulation and other benefits.

Particle board
Particle board, also known as particleboard or chipboard, is an engineered wood product, belonging to the wood-based panels, manufactured from wood chips and a synthetic, mostly formaldehyde-based resin or other suitable binder, which is pressed under a hot press, batch- or continuous- type, and produced. Particle board is often confused with oriented strand board (OSB, also known as flakeboard, or waferboard), a different type of fiberboard that uses machined wood flakes and offers more strength.
Ivan Reitman
Ivan Reitman OC (/ˈraɪtmən/; October 27, 1946 – February 12, 2022) was a Canadian film director and producer. He was known for his comedy films, especially in the 1980s and 1990s. Reitman was the owner of The Montecito Picture Company, founded in 1998.

Films he directed include Meatballs (1979), Stripes (1981), Ghostbusters (1984), Twins (1988), Ghostbusters II (1989), Kindergarten Cop (1990), Dave (1993), Junior (1994) and Draft Day (2014). Reitman also served as producer for such films as National Lampoon's Animal House (1978), Heavy Metal (1981), Space Jam (1996) and Private Parts (1997).

Shivers (1975 film)
Shivers, also known as The Parasite Murders and They Came from Within, and, for Canadian distribution in French, Frissons (IPA: /friːˈsoʊn/ free-SOHN; 'chills' or 'shivers'), is a 1975 Canadian science fiction body horror film written and directed by David Cronenberg and starring Paul Hampton, Lynn Lowry, and Barbara Steele.
Laurie Holden
Heather Laurie Holden (born December 17, 1969) is an American-Canadian retired actress, producer, model, and human rights activist. She portrayed Marita Covarrubias in The X-Files (1996–2002), Andrea Harrison in AMC's The Walking Dead (2010–2013, 2020–2022), Cybil Bennett in Silent Hill (2006) and Amanda Dumfries in The Mist (2007).

Emily Kinney
Emily Rebecca Kinney  (born August 15, 1984) is an American actress, singer, and songwriter. She is known for her role as Beth Greene on AMC's horror drama television series The Walking Dead (2011–2015, 2018, 2022). Kinney has also appeared on several other television series, including Showtime's critically acclaimed Masters of Sex and The CW's The Flash and Arrow. In 2016, she co-starred in the ABC series Conviction, alongside Hayley Atwell.
Porsanger Municipality
Porsanger (Northern Sami: Porsáŋgu; Kven: Porsanki) is a municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Lakselv. Other villages in the municipality include Børselv, Brenna, Indre Billefjord, Kistrand, Olderfjord, and Skoganvarre.

The 4,874-square-kilometre (1,882 sq mi) municipality is the 3rd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Porsanger is the 208th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 3,889 (many of whom have a Kven (Kainu) or Sami background). The municipality's population density is 0.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (2.1/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 1.9% over the previous 10-year period.

List of churches in Nord-Hålogaland
This list of churches in Nord-Hålogaland is a list of the Church of Norway churches in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland in Norway. It includes all of the parishes in Finnmark and Troms counties. The diocese is based at the Tromsø Cathedral in the city of Tromsø in Tromsø Municipality.

The list is divided into several sections, one for each deanery (prosti; headed by a provost) in the diocese. Administratively within each deanery, the churches within each municipality elects their own church council (fellesråd). Each municipality may have one or more parishes (sokn) within the municipality. Each parish elects their own councils (soknerådet). Each parish has one or more local church. The number and size of the deaneries and parishes has changed over time.
European Film Award for Best Film
European Film Award for Best Film is one of the annual European Film Awards, presented by the European Film Academy to recognize the best in European filmmaking. It was first awarded in 1988 with Polish film A Short Film About Killing, directed by Krzysztof Kieślowski, being the first recipient of the award.

Directors Gianni Amelio, Lars von Trier and Michael Haneke have received the most wins in this category with three wins each, while Pedro Almodóvar is the most nominated director with seven nominations, winning twice. Maren Ade was the first female director to win the award, receiving it for Toni Erdmann in 2016.

European Film Award for Best Screenwriter
The European Film Award for Best Screenwriter is an award given out at the annual European Film Awards to recognize a screenwriter who has delivered an outstanding screenplay in a film industry. The award is presented by the European Film Academy (EFA) and was first presented in 1988 to French director and screenwriter Louis Malle for Goodbye Children.

István Szabó, Agnès Jaoui, Jean-Pierre Bacri, Thomas Vinterberg, Tobias Lindholm, Ruben Östlund  and Paweł Pawlikowski are the only writers who have received this award more than once, with two wins each.
Ben Enwonwu
Odinigwe Benedict Chukwukadibia Enwonwu // ⓘ MBE (14 July 1917 – 5 February 1994), better known as Ben Enwonwu, was a Nigerian painter and sculptor. Arguably the most influential African artist of the 20th century, his pioneering career opened the way for the postcolonial proliferation and increased visibility of modern African art. He was one of the first African artists to win critical acclaim, having exhibited in august exhibition spaces in Europe and the United States and listed in international directories of contemporary art. Since 1950, Enwonwu was celebrated as "Africa's Greatest Artist" by the international media and his fame was used to enlist support for Black Nationalists movement all over the world. The Enwonwu crater on the planet Mercury is named in his honour.

Uche Okeke
Christopher Uchefuna Okeke (listenⓘ; April 30, 1933 – January 5, 2016), also known as Uche Okeke (listenⓘ), was an illustrator, painter, sculptor, and teacher. He was an art and aesthetic theorist, seminal to Nigerian modernism.
Veera Musikapong
Veerakarn Musikapong (Thai: วีระกานต์ มุสิกพงศ์, RTGS: Wirakan Musikaphong), born Veera Musikapong (Thai: วีระ มุสิกพงศ์) on 24 May 1948 in Ranot, Songkhla Province, is a Thai politician. Veera was government spokesman of Prime Minister Seni Pramoj, Deputy Minister of Agriculture, of Communications, and of Interior in the governments of Prem Tinsulanonda, secretary general of the Democrat Party, executive member of the Thai Rak Thai Party and longstanding Member of Parliament. Since 2006, he has been one of the leaders of the United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship or Red Shirts.

Jatuporn Prompan
Jatuporn Prompan (Thai: จตุพร พรหมพันธุ์; RTGS: Chatuphon Phromphan; Thai pronunciation: [t͡ɕàʔtùʔpʰɔːn pʰrompʰan]; born October 5, 1965) is a Thai politician and activist. He is one of the core leaders of the National United Front of Democracy Against Dictatorship (UDD), also known as the "Red Shirts", and a former Member of Parliament of the Pheu Thai Party. In July 2017, he was given a one-year prison sentence for defamation.
American badger
The American badger (Taxidea taxus) is a North American badger  similar in appearance to the European badger, although not closely related. It is found in the western, central, and northeastern United States, northern Mexico, and south-central Canada to certain areas of southwestern British Columbia.

The American badger's habitat is typified by open grasslands with available prey (such as mice, squirrels, and groundhogs). The species prefers areas such as prairie regions with sandy loam soils where it can dig more easily for its prey.

Western moose
The Western moose (Alces alces andersoni) is a subspecies of moose that inhabits boreal forests and mixed deciduous forests in the Canadian Arctic, western Canadian provinces and a few western sections of the northern United States. It is the second largest North American subspecies of moose, second to the Alaskan moose. This subspecies is prey to timber wolves and bears. Male Western moose are aggressive during mating season (autumn and winter) and may injure or kill with provocation.
Nyitra County
Nyitra County (Hungarian: Nyitra vármegye; German: Neutraer Gespanschaft/Komitat Neutra; Latin: Comitatus Nitriensis; Slovak: Nitriansky komitát / Nitrianska stolica / Nitrianska župa) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory lay in what is now western Slovakia.

Sopron County
Sopron (German: Ödenburg, Slovak: Šopron) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now divided between Austria and Hungary. The capital of the county was Sopron.
Wingate & Finchley F.C.
Wingate & Finchley Football Club is an English football club based in Finchley in the London Borough of Barnet. The club are currently members of the Isthmian League Premier Division and play at The Maurice Rebak Stadium in North London.

Hayes & Yeading United F.C.
Hayes & Yeading United Football Club is an association football club based in Hayes, in the London Borough of Hillingdon, England. The club was formed in 2007 from a merger of Hayes Football Club (founded in 1909) and Yeading Football Club (founded in 1960). It currently competes in the Isthmian League South Central Division and plays its home matches at the Skyex Community Stadium.
Quitman County, Mississippi
Quitman County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,176, making it the third-least populous county in Mississippi. Its county seat is Marks. The county is named after John A. Quitman, Governor of Mississippi from 1835 to 1836 and from 1850 to 1851.

Quitman County is located in the Mississippi Delta region of Mississippi.

Humphreys County, Mississippi
Humphreys County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,785. Its county seat is Belzoni. The county is named for Benjamin G. Humphreys. Humphreys County is Mississippi's newest county, having been formed in 1918. Humphreys County is located in the Mississippi Delta region.

It was named 'Farm-Raised Catfish Capital of the World' in 1976 by then Governor Cliff Finch, since it produced more farm-raised catfish than any other U.S. county. Forty thousand acres (160 square kilometers) of the county are underwater and used to grow catfish. About 60% of U.S. farm-raised catfish is raised within a 65-mile (105 km) radius of the county seat, Belzoni. The title "Catfish Capital" has also been claimed by Savannah, Tennessee, and Des Allemands, Louisiana.

In March 2023, the towns of Rolling Fork, Midnight and Silver City were struck by an EF4, part of the tornado outbreak of March 24–25, 2023.
Utena, Lithuania
Utena (pronunciationⓘ) is a city in north-east Lithuania. It is the administrative center of Utena district and Utena County. Utena is one of the oldest settlements of Lithuania. The name of the city is most probably derived from a hydronym. The name of the settlement has been known since 1261.

Utena is an industrial city. It is known for its clothing, food and beverage factories. In recent years, however, streets, public squares and large areas of the parks in the city were reconstructed and Utena is now more attractive for recreation and tourism.

The anniversary of Utena City had been held each year on the last weekend of September. Since 2013 the anniversary has been held on the first weekend of September to take advantage of better weather conditions.

Vilkaviškis
Vilkaviškis (pronunciationⓘ) is a city in southwestern Lithuania, the administrative center of the Vilkaviškis District Municipality. It is located 23 km (14 mi) northwest from Marijampolė, at the confluence  of  Šeimena and Vilkauja rivers.

The city got its name from the Vilkauja River. Initially named Vilkaujiškis, the name was later changed to an easier-to-pronounce form, Vilkaviškis.

Until 1941, the city had a large Jewish community, which was killed by the German military and their local collaborators.

This is the city from which the 2016 cost-of-living Cauliflower Revolution originated.

It is the capital of Vilkaviškis District Municipality, Vilkaviškis city eldership, and Šeimena eldership.
Battle of Walaja
The Battle of Walaja (Arabic: معركة الولجة) was fought in Mesopotamia in May 633 CE between the forces of the Rashidun Caliphate commanded by Khalid ibn al-Walid  and the Sasanian Empire alongside its Arab client allies. The battle is widely regarded as one of the most tactically sophisticated engagements of the Early Muslim conquests. Khalid secured a decisive victory by employing a double-envelopment maneuver—an uncommon battlefield tactic most famously associated with Hannibal’s victory over the Romans at the Battle of Cannae. The defeat weakened Sasanian control in lower Mesopotamia and contributed to the subsequent Muslim advance into Persian territory.

Rashidun army
The Rashidun army (Arabic: جيش الراشدين) was the core of the Rashidun Caliphate's armed forces during the early Muslim conquests in the 7th century. The army is reported to have maintained a high level of discipline, strategic prowess and organization, granting them successive victories in their various campaigns.

In its time, the Rashidun army was a very powerful and effective force. The three most successful generals of the army were Khalid ibn al-Walid, who conquered Persian Mesopotamia and the Roman Levant, Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah, who also conquered parts of the Roman Levant, and Amr ibn al-As, who conquered Roman Egypt. The army was a key component in the Rashidun Caliphate's territorial expansion and served as a medium for the early spread of Islam into the territories it conquered.
Ma'on, Har Hevron
Ma'on (Hebrew: מָעוֹן) is an Israeli settlement organized as a moshav shitufi in the West Bank. Located in the Judean Hills south of Hebron and north of Beersheba, it falls under the jurisdiction of Har Hevron Regional Council. In 2023, it had a population of 749.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

Beit Yatir
Beit Yatir (Hebrew: בית יתיר), officially Metzadot Yehuda (Hebrew: מְצָדוֹת יְהוּדָה), is an Israeli settlement in the southern Hebron Hills of the West Bank, organized as a religious-Zionist Orthodox moshav. Located on a hill, 900 metres above sea level, near the Green Line, south of Susiya, and close to the Palestinian village of as-Seefer, it falls under the jurisdiction of Har Hevron Regional Council. In 2023, it had a population of 796.

The ruins of the ancient town of Eshtemoa are nearby.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.
Minaret
A minaret is a type of tower typically built into or adjacent to mosques. Minarets are generally used to project the Muslim call to prayer (adhan) from a muezzin, but they also served as landmarks and symbols of Islam's presence. They can have a variety of forms, from thick, squat towers to soaring, pencil-thin spires.

Selimiye Mosque, Edirne
The Selimiye Mosque (Turkish: Selimiye Camii) is an Ottoman imperial mosque, located in the city of Edirne (formerly Adrianople), Turkey. It was commissioned by Sultan Selim II and was built by the imperial architect Mimar Sinan between 1568 and 1575. It was considered by Sinan to be his masterpiece and is one of the highest achievements of Islamic architecture as a whole and Ottoman architecture in particular.

The mosque, together with its külliye, was included on UNESCO's World Heritage List in 2011.
HMS Southampton (1912)
HMS Southampton was a Town-class light cruiser built for the Royal Navy in the 1910s. She was a member of the Chatham sub-class of the Town class. The ship survived the First World War and was sold for scrap in 1926.

HMS Falmouth (1910)
HMS Falmouth was a Town-class light cruiser built for the Royal Navy during the 1910s. She was one of four ships of the Weymouth sub-class. The ship was initially assigned to the Atlantic Fleet upon completion in 1911, but was reduced to reserve in mid-1913. When the First World War began in 1914, Falmouth was transferred to the 1st Light Cruiser Squadron (LCS) of the Grand Fleet and then the 3rd Light Cruiser Squadron at the end of the year. The ship participated in most of the early fleet actions, including the Battles of Heligoland Bight, Dogger Bank, and Jutland, but was only seriously engaged in the latter. She was torpedoed and sunk off Flamborough Head, Yorkshire by German submarines during the action of 19 August 1916.
Barceloneta, Puerto Rico
Barceloneta (Spanish pronunciation: [baɾseloˈneta], locally [baɭseloˈneta]) is a town and municipality in Puerto Rico located in the north region, bordering the Atlantic Ocean, north of Florida (city and municipality in Puerto Rico), east of Arecibo, and west of Manatí. Barceloneta is spread over 3 barrios and Barceloneta Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Utuado, Puerto Rico
Utuado (Spanish pronunciation: [uˈtwaðo]) is a town and municipality of Puerto Rico located in the central mountainous region of the island known as the Cordillera Central. It is located north of Adjuntas and Ponce; south of Hatillo and Arecibo; east of Lares; and west of Ciales and Jayuya. It is the third-largest municipality in land area in Puerto Rico (after Arecibo and Ponce). According to the 2020 US Census, the municipality has a population of 28,287 spread over 24 barrios and Utuado pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city).

Utuado is the main municipality of the Utuado micropolitan statistical area and is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Fajardo Combined Statistical Area.
List of alien races in DC Comics
List of alien races in DC Comics is a list of fictional extraterrestrial races that have appeared in comic book titles published by DC Comics, as well as properties from other media that are listed below, with brief descriptions and accompanying citations.

Dark Circle
The Dark Circle is a criminal organization appearing in media published by DC Comics, primarily as an enemy of the Legion of Super-Heroes. They first appeared in 1968, created by Jim Shooter as a criminal organization founded by five members and consisting of them and their clones.

The Dark Circle concept was later modified to consist of members from five core worlds instead of clones. A later version, introduced following the Zero Hour: Crisis in Time! reboot, was led by Brainiac 4 and had several known Legion enemies among their ranks instead of generic masked henchmen.
2024 Major League Rugby season
The 2024 Major League Rugby season was the seventh season of Major League Rugby, the professional rugby union competition sanctioned by USA Rugby. The regular season began on March 2, 2024, and lasted through June 29, 2024, followed by the Championship Series.

The Miami Sharks and Anthem Rugby Carolina made their league debut this season, as well as Rugby Football Club Los Angeles following their move from Atlanta. The Toronto Arrows and Rugby New York withdrew from the league following the 2023 season. This left a total of 12 teams competing for the 2024 season.

Anthem Rugby Carolina
Anthem Rugby Carolina, shortened to Anthem RC, is an American professional rugby union team based in Charlotte, North Carolina, that competes in Major League Rugby (MLR). The team was founded in 2024, and began to play during the 2024 season. Unlike other MLR teams, Anthem RC is funded by governing bodies, USA Rugby and World Rugby, in the aim to improve the USA Eagles so they may qualify for the 2027 Men's Rugby World Cup, and be competitive for the US-hosted 2031 Rugby World Cup.
Bishopstrow
Bishopstrow is a small village and civil parish in Wiltshire, England, on the southeastern edge of the town of Warminster. The village is about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from the town centre, south of the old Warminster to Salisbury road, formerly the A36, now the B3414.

The modern A36 passes to the south of the village. The parish extends north-east from the Wylye valley onto Salisbury Plain, where its northern section is within the Imber Range sector of the Salisbury Plain military training area.

Upton Scudamore
Upton Scudamore is a village and civil parish in Wiltshire, England. The village lies about 1.8 miles (3 km) north of the town of Warminster and about the same distance south of Westbury. The parish includes the hamlet of Halfway.

The village occupies a ridge which is the watershed between tributaries of the Bristol Avon and those of the Hampshire Avon. Upton Cow Down rises above the village to the north-east, on the western edge of Salisbury Plain. Springs in the north of the parish are the source of the River Biss, known here as the Biss Brook.
John Riggins
Robert John Riggins (born August 4, 1949), nicknamed "Riggo" and "Diesel", is an American former professional football fullback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for the New York Jets and Washington Redskins. He played college football for the Kansas Jayhawks. Riggins was known for his "bell cow" running style and productivity well into the later years of his career. In the 1983 season, at age 34, he rushed for a then-NFL record of 24 touchdowns, a record which stood for almost 20 seasons. Riggins again led the league in rushing touchdowns during the 1984 season at age 35. Although he earned only one Pro Bowl appearance in his career, Riggins had his greatest success in the postseason and was named MVP of Super Bowl XVII where he scored one touchdown and rushed for 166 yards in a 27–17 win for the Redskins over the Miami Dolphins. Riggins was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1992.

Bobby Douglass
Robert Gilchrist Douglass (born June 22, 1947) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback in the National Football League (NFL), primarily with the Chicago Bears. He played college football for the Kansas Jayhawks before being selected by the Bears in the second round of the 1969 NFL/AFL draft. During his career, he also played for the San Diego Chargers, the New Orleans Saints, and the Green Bay Packers. Douglass retired after the 1978 season, after playing 10 seasons in the NFL.