hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hudson Valley
The Hudson Valley or Hudson River Valley comprises the valley of the Hudson River and its adjacent communities in the U.S. state of New York. The region stretches from the Capital District including Albany and Troy south to Yonkers in Westchester County, bordering New York City.

New York State Route 55
New York State Route 55 (NY 55) is a 122.45-mile-long (197.06 km) east-west state highway in southern New York, running from the Pennsylvania state line at the Delaware River in Barryville to the Connecticut state line at Wingdale. It is the only other state highway beside NY 7 to completely cross the state, from border to border, in an east–west direction, although NY 17 does so and is partially east–west. It also forms a concurrency when it joins US 44 for 33 miles (53 km).

Together with NY 52, which it closely parallels and briefly joins in downtown Liberty, it forms the latitudinal backbone of the Hudson Valley region for non-interstate traffic. It offers the traveler a wide variety of landscapes, from farmlands, mountains and forests to the urban center of Poughkeepsie. Sights along the way include two of New York City's major reservoirs in the Catskills, a dramatic crossing of the Shawangunk Ridge, and the Mid-Hudson Bridge.
Constans II
Constans II (Greek: Κώνστας, romanized: Kōnstās; 7 November 630 – 15 July 668), also called "the Bearded" (Greek: ὁ Πωγωνᾶτος, romanized: ho Pōgōnãtos), was the Byzantine emperor from 641 to 668. Constans was the last attested emperor to serve as consul, in 642, although the office continued to exist until the reign of Leo VI the Wise (r. 886–912). His religious policy saw him steering a middle line in disputes between the Orthodox and Monothelites by refusing to persecute either and prohibited discussion of the natures of Jesus Christ under the Typos of Constans in 648. His reign coincided with Arab invasions under Umar, Uthman, and Mu'awiya I in the late 640s to 660s. Constans was the first emperor to visit Rome since the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476, and the last one to visit Rome while the Empire still held it.

Cranberry glass
Cranberry glass or 'Gold Ruby' glass is a red glass made by adding gold salts or colloidal gold to molten glass. Tin, in the form of stannous chloride, is sometimes added in tiny amounts as a reducing agent. The glass is used primarily in expensive decorations.
New York Stock Exchange
The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE, nicknamed "the Big Board") is an American stock exchange headquartered at the New York Stock Exchange Building in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. It is the largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization, exceeding $44 trillion in January 2026. The NYSE is owned by Intercontinental Exchange, an American holding company that it also lists (ticker symbol ICE). Previously, it was part of NYSE Euronext (NYX), which was formed by the NYSE's 2007 merger with Euronext. According to a Gallup poll conducted in 2022, approximately 58% of American adults reported having money invested in the stock market, either through individual stocks, mutual funds, or retirement accounts.

Oaktree Capital Management
Oaktree Capital Management, Inc.  is a global asset management firm specializing in alternative investment strategies. As of December 31, 2025, the company managed $223 billion for its clientele.

The firm was co-founded in 1995 by a group that had formerly worked together at the TCW Group starting in the 1980s. On April 12, 2012, Oaktree Capital Group, LLC became listed on the NYSE under the ticker symbol OAK. On March 13, 2019, Canada's Brookfield Asset Management announced that it had agreed to buy 62% of Oaktree Capital Management for approximately $4.7 billion.
Feathertail glider
The feathertail glider (Acrobates pygmaeus), also known as the pygmy gliding possum, pygmy glider, pygmy phalanger, flying phalanger and flying mouse, is a species of marsupial native to eastern Australia. It is the world's smallest gliding mammal and is named for its long feather-shaped tail.

A second species, the broad-toed feathertail glider (Acrobates (Dromicia) frontalis, De Vis 1887) is recognised by some authors based on unpublished genetic studies and cryptic morphological differences in toe and tail characteristics. With this recognition, it is suggested that Acrobates pygmaeus takes the common name narrow-toed feathertail glider.

Petauroidea
Petauroidea is a superfamily of marsupials from Australia and New Guinea. It is part of the suborder Phalangeriformes within the order Diprotodontia, which also includes, among others, wombats, kangaroos, cuscuses. The superfamily Phalangeroidea, including cuscuses and brushtail possums (family Phalangeridae) and pygmy possums (family Burramyidae), is the immediate sister group of the Petauroidea. The earliest fossils from this superfamily are from the Oligocene of the Geilston Bay fossil site in Tasmania.
Diocese of Passau
The Diocese of Passau (Latin: Diœcesis Passaviensis; German: Bistum Passau) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in Germany that is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising. The Prince-Bishopric of Passau was an ecclesiastical principality that existed for centuries until it was secularized in 1803. The diocese covers an area of 5,442 km².

Diocese of Würzburg
The Diocese of Würzburg (Latin: Dioecesis Herbipolensis) is a Latin Church diocese of Catholic Church in Germany. The diocese is located in Lower Franconia, around the city of Würzburg, and the bishop is seated at Würzburg Cathedral. Founded in 741, the diocese lost all temporal power after the Napoleonic wars.

See Bishopric of Würzburg for more information about the history of the diocese.
Islam in Canada
Islam is the second-largest religion in Canada, practised by approximately 4.9% of the population. Canadian Muslims are one of the most ethnically diverse religious groups across the country. Muslims have lived in Canada since 1871 and the first mosque was established in 1938. Canada is home to the most northern built mosque in the world called the Midnight Sun Mosque.

There are a number of Islamic organizations and seminaries (madrasas). Opinion polls show most Muslims feel "very proud" to be Canadians, and majority are religious and attend mosque at least once a week. More than half of Canadian Muslims live in Ontario, with significant populations also living in Quebec, Alberta, and British Columbia.

The percentage of Muslims in Canada is 4.9% as of the 2021 census. In the Greater Toronto Area, 10% of the population is Muslim, and in Greater Montreal, 8.7% of the population is Muslim.

Irreligion in Canada
Irreligion is common throughout all provinces and territories of Canada. Irreligious Canadians include  atheists, agnostics, and secular humanists. The surveys may also include those who are deists, spiritual, and pantheists. The 2021 Canadian census reported that 34.6% of Canadians declare no religious affiliation, which is up from 23.9% in the 2011 Canadian census and 16.5% in the 2001 Canadian census. According to Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance, among those estimated 4.9 million Canadians of no religion, an estimated 1.9 million would specify atheist, 1.8 million would specify agnostic, and 1.2 million humanist.
Serena Deeb
Serena Deeb (born June 29, 1986) is an American professional wrestler signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW).  She is well known for her first stint with WWE, appearing on the SmackDown brand and also known for her time with the developmental territory Florida Championship Wrestling, under the mononymous ring name Serena. She is a former NWA World Women's Champion, OVW Women's Champion and WNC Women's Champion.

Allie (wrestler)
Laura Dennis (born September 3, 1987), better known by the ring names Allie and The Bunny, is a Canadian professional wrestler. She is best known for her time in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling from 2013 to 2019, where she is a former two-time TNA Knockouts Champion and All Elite Wrestling (AEW) from 2019 to 2023. She has also competed for Great Canadian Wrestling, NCW Femmes Fatales, Shimmer Women Athletes, Shine Wrestling, Women Superstars Uncensored (WSU) and Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW) under the ring name Cherry Bomb. With tag team partner Kimber Lee, collectively known as The Kimber Bombs, they have held the Shine Tag Team Championship and the Shimmer Tag Team Championship both once. She is also a former 1 time WSU Champion.
Marcus Welby, M.D.
Marcus Welby, M.D. is an American medical drama television series that aired on ABC from September 23, 1969, to May 4, 1976. It starred Robert Young as the title character, a family practitioner with a kind bedside manner, who made house calls and was on a first-name basis with many of his patients; James Brolin as his partner Steven Kiley, a younger doctor; and Elena Verdugo as Consuelo Lopez, Welby and Kiley's dedicated and caring nurse/office manager.

Marcus Welby, M.D. was produced by David Victor and David J. O'Connell through Universal Television, which was then an MCA company. The pilot, titled "A Matter of Humanities", had aired as an ABC Movie of the Week on March 26, 1969.

The program notably became the first ABC network show to rank No. 1, in the 1970–71 television season.

Hazel (TV series)
Hazel is an American sitcom about a spunky live-in maid named Hazel Burke (played by Shirley Booth) and her employers, the Baxters. The five-season, 154-episode series aired in prime time from September 28, 1961, to April 11, 1966, and was produced by Screen Gems. The first four seasons of Hazel aired on NBC, and the fifth and final season aired on CBS. Season 1 was broadcast in black-and-white except for one episode which was in color, and seasons 2–5 were all broadcast in color. The show was based on the single-panel comic strip of the same title by cartoonist Ted Key, which appeared in The Saturday Evening Post.
Mathematical Reviews
Mathematical Reviews is a journal published by the American Mathematical Society (AMS) that contains brief synopses, and in some cases evaluations, of many articles in mathematics, statistics, and theoretical computer science. The AMS also publishes an associated online bibliographic database called MathSciNet, which contains an electronic version of Mathematical Reviews.

Noga Alon
Noga M. Alon (Hebrew: נוגה אלון; born 1956) is an Israeli mathematician and a professor of mathematics at Princeton University noted for his contributions to combinatorics and theoretical computer science, having authored hundreds of papers.
Georgia Army National Guard
The Georgia Army National Guard is the Army National Guard component of the Georgia National Guard, administratively part of the Georgia Department of Defense. It consists of more than 11,100 citizen-soldiers training in more than 65 hometown armories and regional facilities across the state. Georgia’s Army Guard is the sixth largest in the nation and includes combat, combat support and combat service support units.

When activated under Title 10, the Georgia Army National Guard is a component of the United States Army and is absorbed into the National Guard of the United States. Nationwide, the Army National Guard has more than 430,000 members as of FY 2023. National coordination of various state National Guard units are maintained through the National Guard Bureau. When activated under Title 32, the Georgia Army National Guard remains under state command as it fulfills a federally assigned mission.

North Carolina Army National Guard
The North Carolina Army National Guard (NCARNG) is North Carolina's principal military force. The force is equipped by the federal government and jointly maintained subject to the call of either. The professional head of the North Carolina Army National Guard is the Adjutant General.
Mirpur Thana
Mirpur (Bengali: মিরপুর) is a thana of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. It is bounded by Pallabi Thana to the north, Mohammadpur Thana to the south, Kafrul to the east, and Savar Upazila to the west. For administrative convenience three new thanas, namely Shah Ali, Pallabi Thana and Kafrul Thana have been carved out of old Mirpur Thana.

Banani (neighbourhood)
Banani is an upscale residential and commercial neighbourhood and a thana (precinct) of Dhaka. It hosts five-star hotels, upscale restaurants, luxury apartments, international schools, and the offices of many local and multinational companies. Banani is considered an important central business district (CBD), and its commercial landscape is among the most important in Dhaka, coming after the likes of the nearby financial district of Gulshan Avenue, Karwan Bazar, Tejgaon Industrial Area and downtown Motijheel CBD, the nation's largest and most important CBD.
Chella Choi
Woon-jung "Chella" Choi (born 25 August 1990) is a South Korean professional golfer.

Choi played on the Duramed Futures Tour in 2008 with a best finish of T-2 at the Bright House Networks Open. She earned her 2009 LPGA Tour card at LPGA Final Qualifying Tournament, having to earn her card through a playoff.

Her first professional victory came on 19 July 2015, at the LPGA Tour's Marathon Classic, where she defeated Jang Ha-na in a playoff. The win happened after seven years and 157 LPGA Tour events. For the first eight years of Choi's professional career, her father was her caddie and vowed to remain until she won.

Jennifer Kupcho
Jennifer Anne Kupcho (born May 14, 1997) is an American professional golfer. She has won five professional tournaments including four on the LPGA Tour. She has won one major ‍–‍ the 2022 Chevron Championship. She has represented the United States in three Solheim Cups, and was on the winning team in 2024.
Civil parishes in Ireland
Civil parishes (Irish: paróistí sibhialta, paróistí dlí) are units of territory in the island of Ireland that have their origins in old Gaelic territorial divisions. They were adopted by the Anglo-Norman Lordship of Ireland and then by the Elizabethan Kingdom of Ireland, and were formalised as land divisions at the time of the Plantations of Ireland. They may correspond, in both name and boundary, with Church of Ireland and Roman Catholic parishes. Their use as administrative units was gradually replaced by Poor Law Divisions in the 19th century, although they were not formally abolished. Today they are still sometimes used for legal purposes, such as to locate property in deeds of property registered between 1833 and 1946.

Ballymurreen
Ballymurreen (Irish: Baile Amoraoin), also written Ballymoreen, is a civil parish and an electoral division in County Tipperary, Ireland. It is one of 21 civil parishes in the barony of Eliogarty.

As a Church of Ireland parish, it was in the diocese of Cashel. The ruins of a church are still to be seen in Ballymurreen townland, at the junction of a minor road from Holycross with the R639, but there was no parish church in modern times, members of the established church attending services in the neighbouring parish of Borrisleigh, at Littleton which is located between the exclave of Rathcunikeen and the main part of Ballymoreen.
Young adult literature
Young adult literature (YA) is typically written for readers aged 12 to 18 and includes most of the themes found in adult fiction, such as family dysfunction, substance abuse, alcoholism, and sexuality.

The earliest known use of term young adult occurred in 1942. Prior to the 1930s, teenagers, adolescents and young adults were still considered children in society. After teenagers were recognized as a distinct social group, librarians developed the category of young adult literature to help bridge the gap between children's literature and adult literature. According to a study conducted in 2023, 55% of young adult literature consumers were over 18 years of age. 78% of adult consumers purchased with the intent to read themselves. Of these adult buyers, 51% were between ages 30 and 44. This highlights the fact that readers of young adult literature are often adults.

Time Quintet
The Time Quintet is a science fantasy series of five young adult novels written by American author Madeleine L'Engle and made up of A Wrinkle in Time (1962), A Wind in the Door (1973), A Swiftly Tilting Planet (1978), Many Waters (1986), and An Acceptable Time (1989).
Ministry of Railways (Japan)
The Japanese Government Railways (JGR) was the national railway system directly operated by the Japanese Ministry of Railways (鉄道省, Tetsudō-shō; Japanese pronunciation: [te̞t͡sɨᵝdo̞ːɕo̞ː]) until 1949. It was a predecessor of Japanese National Railways and the later Japan Railways Group.

Ōbu Station
Ōbu Station (大府駅, Ōbu-eki) is a railway station in the city of Ōbu, Aichi Prefecture, Japan, operated by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Tōkai).

Ōbu Station is served by the Tōkaidō Main Line, and is located 346.5 kilometers from the starting point of the line at Tokyo Station. It is also a terminus of the Taketoyo Line and is 14.3 kilometers from the opposing terminus of the station at Taketoyo.
Edge (geometry)
In geometry, an edge is a particular type of line segment joining two vertices in a polygon, polyhedron, or higher-dimensional polytope. In a polygon, an edge is a line segment on the boundary, and is often called a polygon side. In a polyhedron or more generally a polytope, an edge is a line segment where two faces (or polyhedron sides) meet. A segment joining two vertices while passing through the interior or exterior is not an edge but instead is called a diagonal.

An edge may also be an infinite line separating two half-planes.
The sides of a plane angle are semi-infinite half-lines (or rays).

Euclidean plane
In mathematics, a Euclidean plane is a Euclidean space of dimension two, denoted  or . It is a geometric space in which two real numbers are required to determine the position of each point. It is an affine space, which includes in particular the concept of parallel lines. It has also metrical properties induced by a distance, which allows to define circles, and angle measurement.

A Euclidean plane with a chosen Cartesian coordinate system is called a Cartesian plane.
The set  of the ordered pairs of real numbers (the real coordinate plane), equipped with the dot product, is often called the Euclidean plane or standard Euclidean plane, since every Euclidean plane is isomorphic to it.
Pulitzer Prize
The Pulitzer Prizes (/ˈpʊlɪtsər/ PUUL-it-sər) are 23 annual awards given by Columbia University in New York City for achievements in the United States in "journalism, arts and letters". They were established in 1917 by the will of Joseph Pulitzer, who had made his fortune as a newspaper publisher.

Prizes in 2024 were awarded in these categories, with three finalists named for each:

Each winner receives a certificate and $15,000 in cash, except in the Public Service category, where a gold medal is awarded.

Negro Ensemble Company
The Negro Ensemble Company (NEC) was a New York City-based theater company and workshop established in 1967 by producer-actor Robert Hooks, playwright Douglas Turner Ward, and theater manager Gerald S. Krone, with funding from the Ford Foundation. The company's focus on original works with themes based in the black experience with an international perspective created a canon of theatrical works and an audience for writers who came later, such as August Wilson, Suzan-Lori Parks, and others.
Otto Kuntze
Carl Ernst Otto Kuntze (23 June 1843 – 27 January 1907) was a German businessman and botanist. He went on a round-the-world plant collecting trip from 1874 to 1876 making extensive collections from South America and Asia. His major contribution was a three volume revision of plant genera Revisio Generum Plantarum (1891). This revision troubled many botanists because of the changes he suggested to nearly 30000 taxa, many which were contrary to the rules established by the botanical congress of 1867. This however forced botanists to make reforms to the botanical code.

Jean Louis Marie Poiret
Jean Louis Marie Poiret (11 June 1755 in Saint-Quentin – 7 April 1834 in Paris) was a French clergyman, botanist, and explorer.

From 1785 to 1786, he was sent by Louis XVI to Algeria to study the flora.  After the French Revolution, he became a professor of natural history at the Écoles Centrale of Aisne.

The genus Poiretia of the legume family Fabaceae was named after him in 1807 by Étienne Pierre Ventenat.
The standard author abbreviation Poir. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Prix du Jockey Club
The Prix du Jockey Club, sometimes referred to as the French Derby, is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run at Chantilly over a distance of 2,100 metres (about 1 mile and 2½ furlongs) each year in early June.

Sadler's Wells (horse)
Sadler's Wells (11 April 1981 – 26 April 2011) was an American-bred, Irish-trained champion Thoroughbred racehorse and outstanding sire. He was the 1984 European Champion miler after winning the Irish 2,000 Guineas, Eclipse Stakes and Phoenix Champion Stakes in that year. He also finished second in the French Derby and the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes.

Despite his success as a runner, it is as a sire that Sadler's Wells is best known. He was the leading sire in Great Britain and Ireland a record-setting 14 times, including 13 titles in a row. At the time of his death, he had sired 323 stakes winners. Only Danehill, who was operational across both hemispheres, sired more. Sadler's Wells was also a notable sire of sires, including Galileo and Montjeu in Europe, and El Prado in the United States. He helped reverse a trend from the middle of the twentieth century where many of Europe's most successful racehorses were exported to stand in the United States and later Japan.
Patsy Palmer
Julie Anne Merkell (née Harris; born 26 May 1972), known professionally as Patsy Palmer, is a British actress and DJ. After appearing as Natasha in the children's drama series Grange Hill (1985–1987), she came to prominence for her portrayal of Bianca Jackson in the BBC soap opera EastEnders (1993–1999, 2008–2014, 2019, 2024–2025). For her portrayal of the latter, she won the British Soap Award for Best Actress in 2000, and later the award for Best Comedy Performance in 2025.

Her other acting roles include The Bill, Gimme Gimme Gimme and The Catherine Tate Show. Palmer began DJing in 2012, and subsequently relocated to Malibu, California, in 2014. She has also appeared as a contestant on Strictly Come Dancing (2005), Comic Relief Does The Apprentice (2009), The Masked Singer (2020), Dancing on Ice (2023) and Celebrity Big Brother (2025).

Craig Fairbrass
Craig John Fairbrass (born 15 January 1964) is an English actor, producer, and screenwriter. He has made appearances in For Queen and Country (1988), London's Burning (1990), Cliffhanger (1993), Killing Time (1998), EastEnders (1999–2001), The Great Dome Robbery (2002), The Long Weekend (2005), Rise of the Footsoldier film series (2007–present), The Bank Job (2008), House of the Rising Sun (2011), St George's Day (2012), Breakdown (2014), The Hooligan Factory (2014), Muscle (2019) and Villain (2020).

In video games, he voiced various characters in the Call of Duty series from 2007 to 2016; notably Gaz in Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare (2007) and Simon "Ghost" Riley in Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 (2009).