hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oviparity
Oviparous animals are animals that reproduce by depositing unfertilized egg cells or fertilized zygotes outside the body (i.e., by laying or spawning) in metabolically independent incubation organs (eggs), which nurture the embryo into moving offspring (hatchlings) with little or no embryonic development within the mother. This is the reproductive method used by most animal species, as opposed to viviparous animals that develop the embryos internally and metabolically dependent on the maternal circulation, until the mother gives birth to live juveniles.

Ovoviviparity is a special form of oviparity where the eggs are retained inside the mother (but still metabolically independent), and are carried internally until they hatch and eventually emerge outside as well-developed juveniles similar to viviparous animals.

Intromittent organ
An intromittent organ is any external organ of a male organism that is specialized to deliver sperm during copulation. Intromittent organs are found most often in terrestrial species, as most non-mammalian aquatic species fertilize their eggs externally, although there are exceptions. For many species in the animal kingdom, the male intromittent organ is a hallmark characteristic of internal fertilization.
Brides (magazine)
Brides (stylized in all caps) is an American website published by Dotdash Meredith, who purchased the title in 2019. Originally a magazine, Brides is now an online-only publication, with quarterly digital issues.

As with many similar bridal magazines, it was designed to be an in-depth resource for brides-to-be, with many photographs and articles on wedding dresses, cakes, ceremonies, receptions, and honeymoons.

InStyle
InStyle is an American monthly women's fashion magazine founded in 1994. It is owned by People Inc., and started originally as a brand extension of People before carving out its own identity. In February 2022, it was announced that InStyle would cease print publications and move to a digital-only format.
Philadelphia Charge
The Philadelphia Charge was an American women's professional soccer team that played in the Women's United Soccer Association. The team played at Villanova Stadium on the campus of Villanova University near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Women's Professional Soccer
Women's Professional Soccer (WPS) was the top-level professional women's soccer league in the United States. It began play on March 29, 2009. The league was composed of seven teams for its first two seasons and fielded six teams for the 2011 season, with continued plans for future expansion. The WPS was the highest level in the United States soccer pyramid for the women's game.

On January 30, 2012, the league announced suspension of the 2012 season, citing several internal organization struggles as the primary cause. Some of these issues included an ongoing legal battle with magicJack owner Dan Borislow and the lack of resources invested into the league. On May 18, 2012, WPS announced the league folded and would not return in 2013. After the WPS folded, the National Women's Soccer League formed in 2013 and took WPS's place as the top professional women's soccer league in the United States.
Hunter College
Hunter College is a public university in New York City, United States. It is one of the constituent colleges of the City University of New York, and offers studies in more than one hundred undergraduate and postgraduate fields across five schools. It also administers Hunter College High School and Hunter College Elementary School.

Hunter was founded in 1870 as a women's college; it first admitted male freshmen in 1946. The main campus has been located on Park Avenue since 1873. In 1943, Eleanor Roosevelt dedicated Franklin Delano Roosevelt's and her former townhouse to the college; the building was reopened in 2010 as the Roosevelt House Public Policy Institute at Hunter College. The institution has a 57% undergraduate graduation rate within six years.

Long Island University
Long Island University (LIU) is a private research university  in Brooklyn and Brookville, New York, United States. LIU is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity" according to the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education.  The university enrolls over 16,000 students and offers over 500 academic programs at its main campuses, LIU Brooklyn and LIU Post on Long Island, in addition to non-residential locations and online. The LIU Sharks athletic teams compete in NCAA Division I as a Northeast Conference member. LIU hosts and sponsors the annual George Polk Awards in journalism.
Charles Simonyi
Charles Simonyi (/sɪˈmoʊni/; Hungarian: Simonyi Károly, pronounced [ˈʃimoɲi ˈkaːroj]; born September 10, 1948) is a Hungarian-American software architect, businessman, and space tourist. He led the development of Microsoft's first application software, including early versions of Microsoft Office, and later co-founded Intentional Software, a company focused on his concept of intentional programming. A former researcher at Xerox PARC, he helped pioneer graphical user interfaces and introduced object-oriented programming and Hungarian notation to Microsoft. Simonyi flew to space twice as a private citizen, becoming the fifth space tourist and the only one to pay for two separate trips to the International Space Station. As of January 2025, his net worth was estimated at US$7.5 billion.

Soyuz TMA-13
Soyuz TMA-13 (Russian: Союз ТМА-13, Union TMA-13) was a Soyuz mission to the International Space Station (ISS). The spacecraft was launched by a Soyuz-FG rocket at 07:01 GMT on 12 October 2008. It undocked at 02:55 GMT on 8 April 2009, performed a deorbit burn at 06:24, and landed at 07:16. By some counts, Soyuz TMA-13 is the 100th Soyuz spacecraft to be crewed.
Ma Yonglin
Ma Yonglin (Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ  ﻳْﻮ لٍ) was a Chinese Muslim leader of the Multicoloured Mosque who participated in the Dungan revolt and the Muslim revolt of 1895 against the Qing dynasty. He antagonized mobs of Hui, Dongxiang, Baoan, and Salars to overthrow the Qing dynasty in Xunhua, Qinghai. Brigadier General Tang Yanhe sent soldiers to defeat the rebels. He belonged to the Khafiya Sufi sect. Ma Yonglin led assaults on Qing forces. Loyalist Chinese Muslims like Dong Fuxiang, and Ma Anliang defeated Ma Yonglin's rebel Muslim forces. Chinese Muslim officers like Ma Fulu and Ma Fuxiang opposed the rebel Muslims, and defeated them in combat.

Dungan Revolt (1895–1896)
The Dungan Revolt (1895–1896) was a rebellion of various Chinese Muslim ethnic groups in Qinghai and Gansu against the Qing dynasty, that originated because of a violent dispute between two Sufi orders of the same sect. The Wahhabi inspired Yihewani organization then joined in and encouraged the revolt, which was crushed by loyalist Muslims.
Diprotodontia
Diprotodontia (/daɪˌproʊtəˈdɒntiə/) is the largest extant order of marsupials, with about 155 species, including the kangaroos, wallabies, possums, koala, wombats, and many others. Extinct diprotodonts include the hippopotamus-sized Diprotodon, and Thylacoleo, the so-called "marsupial lion".

Potoroo
Potoroo is a common name for species of Potorous, a genus of smaller marsupials. They are allied to the Macropodiformes, the suborder of kangaroo, wallaby, and other rat-kangaroo genera and is the only genus in the tribe Potoroini. All three extant species are threatened by ecological changes since the colonisation of Australia, especially the long-footed potoroo Potorous longipes (endangered) and P. gilbertii (critically endangered). The broad-faced potoroo P. platyops disappeared after its first description in the 19th century. The main threats are predation by introduced species (especially foxes) and habitat loss.

Potoroos were formerly very common in Australia, and early settlers reported them as being significant pests to their crops.
2002 Russian census
The 2002 Russian census (Russian: Всеросси́йская пе́репись населе́ния 2002 го́да) was the first census of the Russian Federation since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, carried out on October 9 through October 16, 2002. It was carried out by the Russian Federal Service of State Statistics (Rosstat).

Mamsko-Chuysky District
Mamsko-Chuysky District (Russian: Ма́мско-Чу́йский райо́н) is an administrative district, one of the thirty-three in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Mamsko-Chuysky Municipal District. The area of the district is 43,396 square kilometers (16,755 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Mama. Population: 5,501 (2010 census); 7,990 (2002 Census); 18,895 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Mama accounts for 66.0% of the district's total population.
Cornea
The cornea is the transparent front part of the eyeball which covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. Along with the anterior chamber and lens, the cornea refracts light, accounting for approximately two-thirds of the eye's total optical power. In humans, the refractive power of the cornea is approximately 43 dioptres. The cornea can be reshaped by surgical procedures such as LASIK.

While the cornea contributes most of the eye's focusing power, its focus is fixed. Accommodation (the refocusing of light to better view near objects) is accomplished by changing the geometry of the lens.  Medical terms related to the cornea often start with the prefix "kerat-" from the Greek word κέρας, horn.

Orbit (anatomy)
In vertebrate anatomy, the orbit is the cavity or socket/hole of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated. "Orbit" can refer to the bony socket, or it can also be used to imply the contents. In the adult human, the volume of the orbit is about 28 millilitres (0.99 imp fl oz; 0.95 US fl oz), of which the eye occupies 6.5 ml (0.23 imp fl oz; 0.22 US fl oz). The orbital contents comprise the eye, the orbital and retrobulbar fascia, extraocular muscles, cranial nerves II, III, IV, V, and VI, blood vessels, fat, the lacrimal gland with its sac and duct, the eyelids, medial and lateral palpebral ligaments, cheek ligaments, the suspensory ligament, septum, ciliary ganglion and short ciliary nerves.
Paraleptomys
Paraleptomys is a genus of rodents from New Guinea.  It is considered part of the New Guinea Old Endemics, meaning it was part of the first wave of murine rodents to colonize the island. Members of the genus are similar to those in Leptomys but differ in that they do not have elongated hind feet or a third molar. Little is known of the two species' biology.

Pseudohydromys
Pseudohydromys is a genus of rodents in the family Muridae endemic to New Guinea.
It contains the following species:

Bishop's moss mouse (Pseudohydromys berniceae)

Huon small-toothed moss mouse (Pseudohydromys carlae)

Laurie's moss mouse (Pseudohydromys eleanorae)

One-toothed shrew mouse (Pseudohydromys ellermani)

Mottled-tailed shrew mouse (Pseudohydromys fuscus)

German's one-toothed moss mouse (Pseudohydromys germani)

Eastern shrew mouse (Pseudohydromys murinus)

Musser's shrew mouse (Pseudohydromys musseri)

Western shrew mouse (Pseudohydromys occidentalis)

Woolley's moss mouse (Pseudohydromys patriciae)

Southern small-toothed moss mouse (Pseudohydromys pumehanae)

White-bellied moss mouse (Pseudohydromys sandrae)

It was not until a 2009 revision that a general idea of the true taxonomic content of this genus was realized.
1998–99 Irish League Cup
The 1998–99 Irish League Cup (known as the Coca-Cola League Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 13th edition of the Irish League Cup, Northern Ireland's secondary football knock-out cup competition. It concluded on 4 May 1999 with the final.

Linfield were the defending champions after their fourth League Cup win last season; a 1–0 victory over Glentoran in the previous final. This season they became the first club ever to successfully defend the trophy. In a repeat of the previous final, Linfield once again came out on top with a 2–1 extra time victory against Glentoran in the final, lifting the cup for the fifth time and condemning the Glens to defeat in the final for the third season running, which is a record for successive final defeats in the competition that still stands.

The competition was re-structured this season, allowing only the 10 top-flight clubs and the 8 second-tier clubs to enter. This reduced the number of clubs taking part from 32 down to 18.

1999–2000 Irish League Cup
The 1999–2000 Irish League Cup (known as the Coca-Cola League Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 14th edition of the Irish League Cup, Northern Ireland's secondary football knock-out cup competition. It concluded on 18 April 2000 with the final.

Linfield were the defending champions after their fifth League Cup win last season; a 2–1 victory over Glentoran in the previous final. This season they won a record third successive League Cup with a 4–0 victory over Coleraine in the final to lift the cup for the sixth time overall. The 4–0 scoreline remains the joint largest margin of victory in a League Cup final to date, with the record being equalled in 2013.

Linfield's record of winning three consecutive League Cups was equalled by Cliftonville's three consecutive wins in 2012–13, 2013–14 and 2014–15. It was then broken when Cliftonville added a fourth consecutive win in 2015–16.
Counter admiral
Counter admiral is a military rank used for high-ranking officers in several navies around the world, though the rank is not used in the English-speaking world, where its equivalent rank is rear admiral. The term derives from the French contre-amiral. Depending on the country, it is either a one-star or two-star rank. In modern navies that use it, counter admiral is generally, although not always, the lowest flag officer rank.  In the German Navy, for instance, Flottillenadmiral ranks below Konteradmiral; in the Royal Canadian Navy, contre-amiral (rear admiral in English) ranks above commodore.

Spanish frigate Almansa
Almansa was a Spanish Navy screw frigate in commission from 1865 to 1894. She served in the Chincha Islands War of 1865–1866, seeing combat in the Battle of Callao in 1866, and the Cantonal Rebellion of 1873–1874, briefly serving the Canton of Cartagena before fighting on the central government side in the Battle of Portmán. She was named for Almansa, a city in southeastern Spain.
Grand Tour: The Return
2012 Shinhwa Grand Tour: The Return is the Asia-wide live concert tour of South Korean boy band Shinhwa to support their tenth studio album, The Return, which was released on 23 March 2012. The album and tour marks Shinhwa's comeback to the music industry after a four-year hiatus, since their 10th anniversary concert held in 2008, during which band members served individual mandatory military services.

The tour commenced with two shows in Seoul in March 2012, marking the 14th anniversary of the group on 24 March. The tour continued, at the conclusion of promotional activities in Korea, with three shows in Japan, three in China, one in Taiwan and one in Singapore between the end of April and July. In total 10 shows in eight cities and five countries.

Shinhwa Broadcasting
Shinhwa Broadcast (Korean: 신화방송) is a South Korean variety television programme broadcast on general service cable channel JTBC. It is hosted by six-member boy band Shinhwa: Eric Mun, Lee Min-woo, Kim Dong-wan (up until April 2013), Shin Hye-sung, Jun Jin and Andy Lee (up until November 2013). The weekly programme premiered on 17 March 2012, and airs on Sundays at 23:00. The show went on hiatus after the 16 June 2013 broadcast and it returned on 3 November 2013 with a new format for season two. As of 8 December 2013, 65 episodes in two seasons have been broadcast.
Nationalist Party (Australia)
The Nationalist Party, also known as the National Party, was an Australian political party. It was formed in February 1917 from a merger between the Liberal Party and the National Labor Party, the latter formed by Prime Minister Billy Hughes and his supporters after the 1916 Labor Party split over World War I conscription. The Nationalist Party was established as a 'united' non-Labor opposition that had remained a political trend once the Labor party established itself in federal politics. The party  was in government (from 1923 in coalition with the Country Party) until electoral defeat in 1929. From that time it was the main opposition to the Labor Party until it merged with pro-Joseph Lyons Labor defectors to form the United Australia Party (UAP) in 1931. The party is a direct ancestor of the Liberal Party of Australia, the main centre-right party in Australia.

James Fenton (politician)
James Edward Fenton CMG (4 February 1864 – 2 December 1950) was an Australian politician.  He is notable for having been appointed a cabinet minister by two governments of different political complexions, but resigning from both governments on matters of principle. His first resignation looms largely in history as that came with his political defection, whereas there was no defection with his second resignation.

He was also acting as prime minister of Australia for five months in the early 1930s.
Niška Banja
Niška Banja (Serbian Cyrillic: Нишка Бања) is a town and one of five city municipalities which constitute the city of Niš. It is also one of the spa resorts in Serbia. It is located 9 kilometres (6 mi) east of Niš.

According to the 2011 census, the population of the town is 4,380, while the population of the municipality is 14,098.

Crveni Krst, Niš
Crveni Krst (Serbian Cyrillic: Црвени крст, pronounced [tsrʋɛni kř̩ːst]; translated: Red Cross) is one of five city municipalities which constitute the city of Niš. According to the 2011 census, the municipality has a population of 32,301 inhabitants.
University of Chicago Press
The University of Chicago Press is the university press of the University of Chicago, a private research university in Chicago, Illinois. It is the largest and one of the oldest university presses in North America. It publishes a wide range of academic titles, including The Chicago Manual of Style, numerous academic journals, and advanced monographs in the academic fields. The press is located just south of the Midway Plaisance on the University of Chicago campus.

One of its quasi-independent projects is the BiblioVault, a digital repository for scholarly books.

Modern Philology
Modern Philology is a literary journal that was established in 1903. It publishes scholarly articles on literature, literary scholarship, history, and criticism in all modern world languages and book reviews of recent books as well as review articles and research on archival documents. It is published by the University of Chicago Press.
National Socialist Movement (Netherlands)
The National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands (Dutch: Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging in Nederland, pronounced [nɑ(t)ɕoːˌnaːlsoːɕaːˈlɪstisə bəˈʋeːɣɪŋ ɪn ˈneːdərlɑnt]; NSB) was a Dutch fascist and later Nazi political organisation that eventually became a political party. As a parliamentary party participating in legislative elections, the NSB had some success during the 1930s. Under German occupation, it remained the only legal party in the Netherlands during most of the Second World War.

Liberal State Party
The Liberal State Party, "the Freedom League" (Dutch: Liberale Staatspartij "de Vrijheidsbond", LSP), was a conservative liberal political party in the Netherlands from 1921 to 1948. It is historically linked to the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), a major Dutch political party.
Santal people
The Santal (or Santhal) are an Austroasiatic-speaking Munda ethnic group of the Indian subcontinent. They constitute the largest tribal community in the Indian states of Jharkhand and West Bengal, and are also present in Odisha, Bihar, Assam, and Tripura. They are the largest ethnic minority in northern Bangladesh's Rajshahi Division and Rangpur Division. They have a sizeable population in Nepal. The Santals speak Santali, the most widely spoken language of the Munda subfamily of Austroasiatic languages.

Kami (caste)
Kami is an Indo-Aryan Nepali-speaking group that primarily worked as metalsmiths. Later Nepal abolished its grading system.  The tribal designation of Khas is given in some contexts.
the Government of Nepal legally abolished the caste-system and criminalized any caste-based discrimination, including "untouchability" (the ostracism of a specific caste) - in the year 1963 A.D.

Caste-based discrimination and violence are a grim reality of Nepali society with numerous people losing their lives due to racially motivated mobs. Both the Government and many other INGO are working hand-in-hand in order to uproot the problem by targeting grassroot issues such as education, awareness and employment.

In the 21st century, the economic status of this group rapidly increased. They live in hilly or mountainous districts of Nepal and in the Indian areas of Assam, Sikkim and Darjeeling District.
Ibadism
Ibadism (Arabic: الإباضية, romanized: al-ʾIbāḍiyya, Arabic pronunciation: [alʔibaːˈdˤijja]) is the third-largest branch of Islam. Its roots go back to the Kharijite secession from the fourth Caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib. It is a moderate subsect that has persisted and led to the creation of Ibadi communities in various areas in the Middle East and Africa.

The followers of the Ibadi sect are known as the Ibadis or, as they call themselves, The People of Truth and Integrity (Arabic: أهل الحقّ والاستقامة). Contemporary Ibadis may object to being classified as Kharijites. They are much less numerous than the two largest Muslim denominations: Sunnis—who account for 85–90 percent of the Muslim world—and Shias.

Today, the largest of these communities is in Oman. It is also practiced to a lesser extent in Algeria (in Mzab), Tunisia (in Djerba), Libya (in Nafusa and Zuwarah area), and Tanzania (in Zanzibar).

Azd
The Azd (Arabic: أَزْد), or Al-Azd (Arabic: ٱلْأَزْد), is an ancient Arabian tribe originating from South Arabia. The lands of Azd occupied an area west of Bisha and Al Bahah in what is today Saudi Arabia.
Copa Perú
The Copa Perú is a football tournament in Peru and the fourth-highest division of the Peruvian football league system. Despite its name, it is not entirely an elimination-cup competition involving all Peruvian clubs, but rather a series of league tournaments leading to an elimination tournament, with regional league clubs as participants. It guarantees its 4 teams promotion to the Liga 3.

Alfonso Ugarte de Puno
Club Deportivo Alfonso Ugarte is a Peruvian association football club, based in the city of Puno. The club is the biggest in the city of Puno. It was founded in 1928 and play in the Peruvian Segunda Division which is the second division of the Peruvian league.