hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
The United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (in case citations, 5th Cir.) is one of the 13 United States courts of appeals. It has appellate jurisdiction over the U.S. district courts in the following federal judicial districts:

Eastern District of Louisiana

Middle District of Louisiana

Western District of Louisiana

Northern District of Mississippi

Southern District of Mississippi

Eastern District of Texas

Northern District of Texas

Southern District of Texas

Western District of Texas

The Fifth Circuit has 17 active judgeships, and is headquartered at the John Minor Wisdom United States Court of Appeals Building in New Orleans, Louisiana, with the clerk's office located at the F. Edward Hebert Federal Building in New Orleans.

Originally, the Fifth Circuit also included the federal district courts in Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. In 1981, the district courts for those states were transferred to the newly created U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.

Carlton W. Reeves
Carlton Wayne Reeves (born April 11, 1964) is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi and chair of the United States Sentencing Commission.

Reeves was the district court judge in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization (2022), the case that resulted in the Supreme Court overturning Roe v. Wade (1973).
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK or MSKCC) is a cancer treatment and research institution in Manhattan in New York City. MSKCC is one of 72 National Cancer Institute–designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers. Its main campus is located at 1275 York Avenue between 67th and 68th Streets in Manhattan.

It was formed in 1980 from the merger of the Memorial Hospital for the Treatment of Cancer and Allied Diseases, founded in 1884, and the adjacent Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, founded in 1945. The two medical entities had formally coordinated their operations since 1960.

Mount Sinai Beth Israel
Mount Sinai Beth Israel was a 799-bed teaching hospital in Manhattan. It was part of the Mount Sinai Health System, a nonprofit health system formed in September 2013 by the merger of Continuum Health Partners and Mount Sinai Medical Center, and an academic affiliate of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. The Mount Sinai Health System's school of nursing, Mount Sinai Phillips School of Nursing (PSON), was founded at Beth Israel Hospital in 1902. The hospital closed in April 2025.
Attingal
Attingal is a municipal town in the Thiruvananthapuram Metropolitan Area of Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala state, India. It was the location of the Attingal kingdom, under Travancore. It is the headquarters of Chirayinkeezhu Taluk, and the important government institutions of the taluk such as the Taluk office, court complex, office of the deputy superintendent of Police, civil station, and treasuries are situated in Attingal. It is one of the oldest municipalities of Kerala which was constituted prior to its independence in 1924. In 1914 itself Attingal Town Improvement Authority (TIA) was formed which was the term used before the Travancore Municipality Regulation Act of 1922. Attingal Town is located 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Thampanoor, the city centre. Attingal is the 3rd densely populated municipality in the district.

Anchuthengu
Anchuthengu ("Five Coconut Palms"), formerly known as Anjengo, Angengo or Anjenga, is a coastal panchayath and town in the Thiruvananthapuram District of Kerala. It is situated 9 km south-west of Varkala Town along Trivandrum - Varkala - Kollam coastal highway.

The town contains old Dutch-style churches, a lighthouse, a 100-year-old convent and school, tombs of Dutch and British sailors and soldiers, and the remains of the Anchuthengu Fort. Kaikara village, the birthplace of the famous Malayalam poet Kumaran Asan, is located nearby. Temples in the area are Parambil Sree Bhadrakali Yogeeshwara Kshethram and Sree Bala Subrahmanya Swami Kshethram.

Anchuthengu is about 29 kilometers (18 mi) north of Thiruvananthapuram. The nearest airport is Thiruvananthapuram International Airport. Kadakkavur Railway Station is 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) away.
Kranjska Gora
Kranjska Gora (Slovene: [ˈkɾàːnska ˈɡɔ̀ːɾa]; German: Kronau) is a town in northwestern Slovenia, on the Sava Dolinka River in the Upper Carniola region, close to the Austrian and Italian borders. It is the seat of the Municipality of Kranjska Gora. The tripoint between Austria, Italy and Slovenia lies on the mountain of Dreiländereck, known as Peč in Slovenia.

Giant slalom
Giant slalom (GS) is an alpine skiing and alpine snowboarding competitive discipline. It involves racing between sets of poles ("gates") spaced at a greater distance from each other than in slalom, but less than in Super-G.

Giant slalom and slalom make up the technical events in alpine ski racing. This category separates them from the speed events of Super-G and downhill.  The technical events are normally composed of two runs, held on different courses on the same ski run.
Joe Henry
Joseph Lee Henry (born December 2, 1960) is an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer. He has released 15 studio albums and produced multiple recordings for other artists, including three Grammy Award-winning albums.

Anti- (record label)
Anti- is an American record label founded in 1999 as a sister label to Epitaph Records.

Founded by Andy Kaulkin, Anti- first gained attention by releasing Tom Waits's Grammy Award–winning Mule Variations in 1999. Other veteran recording artists such as rhythm and blues singers Solomon Burke, Bettye LaVette, Mavis Staples and Marianne Faithfull have signed to Anti- after leaving other labels.
Nueva Ecija
Nueva Ecija, officially the Province of Nueva Ecija (Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Nueva Ecija Tagalog pronunciation: [ˈnwɛvɐ ʔɛˈsiha, ˈnwɛbɐ -]; Ilocano: Probinsia ti Nueva Ecija; Pangasinan: Luyag na Nueva Ecija; Kapampangan: Lalawigan ning Nueva Ecija; Spanish: Provincia de Nueva Écija), is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Its capital is the city of Palayan, while Cabanatuan, its former capital, is the largest city and the economic, commercial, and institutional center of Nueva Ecija. The province borders, from the south clockwise, Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac, Pangasinan, Nueva Vizcaya and Aurora. The province is nationally known as the Rice Granary of the Philippines, producing the largest rice yield in the country.

Eastern Samar
Eastern Samar (Waray-Waray: Sinirangan Samar; Tagalog: Silangang Samar), officially the Province of Eastern Samar, is a province in the Philippines located in the Eastern Visayas region. Its capital is the city of Borongan, which is the most populous. Eastern Samar occupies the eastern portion of the island of Samar. Bordering the province to the north is the province of Northern Samar and to the west is Samar province. To the east lies the Philippine Sea, part of the vast Pacific Ocean, while to the south lies Leyte Gulf.
Riad Al Solh
Riad Al Solh (Arabic: رياض الصلح; 17 August 1894 – 17 July 1951) was a Lebanese politician and statesman who served as the first and fifth prime minister of Lebanon from 1943 to 1945 and from 1946 to 1951, respectively. Solh was one of the most important figures in Lebanon's struggle for independence, who was able to unite the various religious groups, and is considered to be one of the founders of Lebanon.

Lebanese Independence Day
Lebanese Independence Day (Arabic: عيد الاستقلال اللبناني, romanized: ʿĪd al-Istiqlāl al-Lubnānī, lit. 'Festival of the Lebanese Independence') is the national day of Lebanon, celebrated on 22 November in commemoration of the end of the French control over Lebanon in 1943, after 23 years of Mandate rule.
Selbu Municipality
Selbu is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Mebonden. Other villages in Selbu include Flora, Fossan, Hyttbakken, Innbygda, Selbustrand, Trøa, Tømra, and Vikvarvet.

The 1,235-square-kilometre (477 sq mi) municipality is the 86th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Selbu Municipality is the 200th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 4,216. The municipality's population density is 3.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (8.8/sq mi) and its population has increased by 4.6% over the previous 10-year period.

Stjørdalen
Stjørdalen is a valley and a traditional district in Trøndelag county, Norway. The valley follows the Stjørdalselva river from the Norway-Sweden border 75 kilometres (47 mi) to the west where it empties into the Trondheimsfjorden. The valley traverses Stjørdal Municipality and Meråker Municipality. The European route E14 highway and the Meråker Line railway follow the river through the length of the valley.

The traditional district of Stjørdalen is a historical region surrounding the Stjørdalen valley. The area is sometimes considered the southern part of the Inntrøndelag region. The neighboring Selbu Municipality and Tydal Municipality to the south are sometimes grouped together in this historic district. From the Iron Age through the Middle Ages, the area was referred to as Stiordølafylki, one of the small petty kingdoms in the Trøndelag region under the Frostating assembly.
Center (group theory)
In abstract algebra, the center of a group G is the set of elements that commute with every element of G. It is denoted Z(G), from German Zentrum, meaning center. In set-builder notation,

Z(G) = {z ∈ G | ∀g ∈ G, zg = gz}.

The center is a normal subgroup, , and also a characteristic subgroup, but is not necessarily fully characteristic. The quotient group, G / Z(G), is isomorphic to the inner automorphism group, Inn(G).

A group G is abelian if and only if Z(G) = G. At the other extreme, a group is said to be centerless if Z(G) is trivial; i.e., consists only of the identity element.

The elements of the center are central elements.

Finite group
In abstract algebra, a finite group is a group whose underlying set is finite.  Finite groups often arise when considering symmetry of mathematical or physical objects, when those objects admit just a finite number of structure-preserving transformations.  Important examples of finite groups include cyclic groups and permutation groups.

The study of finite groups has been an integral part of group theory since it arose in the 19th century.  One major area of study has been classification: the classification of finite simple groups (those with no nontrivial normal subgroup) was completed in 2004.
Verkhoyansk Range
The Verkhoyansk Range (Russian: Верхоянский хребет, Verhoyanskiy Khrebet; Yakut: Үөһээ Дьааҥы сис хайата, romanized: Üöhee Caañı sis xayata) is a mountain range in the Sakha Republic, Russia, near the settlement of Verkhoyansk, known for its frigid climate. It is part of the East Siberian Mountains.

The range lies just west of the boundary of the Eurasian and the North American tectonic plates. The mountains were formed by folding, and represent an anticline.

The Verkhoyansk Range was covered by glaciers during the Last Glacial Period, and the mountains in the northern section, such as the Orulgan Range, display a typical Alpine relief.

There are coal, silver, lead, tin, and zinc deposits in the mountains.

East Siberian Lowland
The East Siberian Lowland (Russian: Восточно-Сибирская низменность, romanized: Vostochno-Sibirskaya nizmennost), also known as Yana-Kolyma Lowland (Russian: Яно-Колымская низменность, romanized: Yano-Kolymskaya nizmennost), is a vast plain in North-eastern Siberia, Russia. The territory of the lowland is one of the Great Russian Regions. Administratively, it is a part of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia).

Owing to the harshness of the climate the East Siberian Lowland is largely unpopulated. Inhabited centers are small and widely scattered. Andryushkino, Argakhtakh, Chokurdakh, Nizhneyansk, Olenegorsk, Russkoye Ustye, Srednekolymsk, and Zyryanka are among the few towns in the area.
NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series
The  NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series (NOAPS) is a stock car racing series organized by NASCAR. It is the company's second national division, behind the NASCAR Cup Series and in front of NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series. NOAPS events are frequently held as a support race on the day prior to a Cup Series event scheduled for that weekend.

The series was previously called the Budweiser Late Model Sportsman Series in 1982 and 1983, the NASCAR Busch Grand National Series from 1984 through 2002, the NASCAR Busch Series from 2003 through 2007, the NASCAR Nationwide Series from 2008 through 2014, and the NASCAR Xfinity Series from 2015 to 2025. Under the Xfinity name, it was sponsored by Comcast via its consumer cable and wireless brand. O'Reilly Auto Parts assumed title sponsorship in 2026.

Justin Marks
Justin Marks (born March 25, 1981) is an American semi-retired racing driver, entrepreneur, and owner of Trackhouse Racing in the NASCAR Cup Series. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 10 Chevrolet Camaro for Kaulig Racing.

Marks has competed in sports car and stock car racing, competing in the ARCA Racing Series and NASCAR Camping World Truck Series. He also served as a road course ringer in the NASCAR Xfinity Series and Cup Series.
Amol
Amol (Persian: آمل [ɒˈmol]; pronunciationⓘ) is a city in the Central District of Amol County, Mazandaran province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.

Amol is located on the Haraz River bank. It is situated less than 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of the Caspian Sea and less than 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the Alborz mountains. It is 124 kilometres (77 mi) northeast of Tehran, and  60 kilometres (37 mi) west of the provincial capital, Sari. It is one of the oldest cities in Iran, and a historic city, with its foundation dating back to the Amardi tribe, who inhabited the region in the Iron Age. Amol is the center of industry and culture of Mazandaran, the rice capital of Iran, and one of the most important cities of the transportation, agriculture, and tourism industries in Iran. It is known as the History, Science and Philosophy city, City that does not die and Hezar Sangar city.

Hasan II (Bavandid ruler)
Hasan II (Persian: حسن), also known as Fakhr al-Dawla Hasan (فخر الدوله حسن), was the last ruler of the Bavand dynasty from 1334 until his murder in 1349. He was the brother and successor of Sharaf al-Muluk.
Clitic
In morphology and syntax, a clitic (/ˈklɪtɪk/ KLIT-ik, backformed from Greek ἐγκλιτικός enklitikós "leaning" or "enclitic") is a morpheme that has syntactic characteristics of a word, but depends phonologically on another word or phrase. In this sense, it is syntactically independent but phonologically dependent—always attached to a host. A clitic is pronounced like an affix, but plays a syntactic role at the phrase level. In other words, clitics have the form of affixes, but the distribution of function words.

Clitics can belong to any grammatical category, although they are commonly pronouns, determiners, or adpositions. Note that orthography is not always a good guide for distinguishing clitics from affixes: clitics may be written as separate words, but sometimes they are joined to the word they depend on (like the Latin clitic -que, meaning "and").

Nominative–accusative alignment
In linguistic typology, nominative–accusative alignment is a type of morphosyntactic alignment in which subjects of intransitive verbs are treated like subjects of transitive verbs, and are distinguished from objects of transitive verbs in basic clause constructions. Nominative–accusative alignment can be coded by case-marking, verb agreement and/or word order. It has a wide global distribution and is the most common alignment system among the world's languages (including English). Languages with nominative–accusative alignment are commonly called nominative–accusative languages.
James C. Hendy Memorial Award
The James C. Hendy Memorial Award is presented annually to an executive who has made the most outstanding contribution to the American Hockey League.

The award is named after Jim Hendy, a long-time contributor to the AHL and the general manager of the Cleveland Barons until his death in 1961.

Thomas Ebright Memorial Award
The Thomas Ebright Memorial Award is presented annually for outstanding career contributions to the American Hockey League. The award is named for Thomas Ebright, the former owner of the Portland Pirates and Baltimore Skipjacks. Ebright was a longtime member of the Board of Governors until his death in 1997.
Maine State Route 113
State Route 113 (SR 113) is a state highway in southwestern Maine (and partly in extreme eastern New Hampshire).  It runs from an intersection with Maine State Route 25 in Standish north to the town of Gilead, where it ends at U.S. Route 2 (US 2) near the New Hampshire border.  The northern portion of the route runs along the border, and actually crosses into and out of New Hampshire twice.

SR 113 is located near New Hampshire Route 113, as both routes pass through Conway, New Hampshire (linked via a short stretch of US 302).  Despite this, they are two completely unrelated routes.

Fryeburg, Maine
Fryeburg is a town in Oxford County, Maine, United States. The population was 3,369 at the 2020 census. It contains the census-designated place of the same name. Fryeburg is home to Fryeburg Academy, a semi-private preparatory school, and the International Musical Arts Institute. The town is also site of the Fryeburg Fair, which each October attracts approximately 300,000 visitors.
Set (mathematics)
In mathematics, a set is a collection of different things; the things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects: numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, geometric shapes, variables, or other sets.  A set may be finite or infinite. There is a unique set with no elements, called the empty set; a set with a single element is a singleton.

Mathematics typically does not define precisely what constitutes a "set" or "collection", because such a definition would have to be in terms of something else previously defined.  Instead, sets serve as foundational objects whose behavior is described by axioms modeled on intuition about collections, and then essentially all other mathematical objects are rigorously defined in terms of sets.

Set theory studies possible axiom systems and their consequences.
Since the first half of the 20th century, ZFC (Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice) has been the axiom system most commonly used.

Complete lattice
In mathematics, a complete lattice is a partially ordered set in which all subsets have both a supremum (join) and an infimum (meet). A conditionally complete lattice satisfies at least one of these properties for bounded and nonempty subsets. For comparison, in a general lattice, only pairs of elements need to have a supremum and an infimum. Every non-empty finite lattice is complete, but infinite lattices may be incomplete.

Complete lattices appear in many applications in mathematics and computer science. Both order theory and universal algebra study them as a special class of lattices.

Complete lattices must not be confused with complete partial orders (CPOs), a more general class of partially ordered sets. More specific complete lattices are complete Boolean algebras and complete Heyting algebras (locales).
Netflix
Netflix is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service. The service primarily distributes original and acquired films and television shows from various genres. It is available internationally in multiple languages.

Launched in 2007, nearly a decade after Netflix, Inc. began its pioneering DVD-by-mail movie rental service, Netflix is the most-subscribed video on demand streaming media service, with 325 million paid memberships in more than 190 countries as of 2026. By 2022, "Netflix Original" productions accounted for half of its library in the United States and the namesake company had ventured into other categories, such as video game publishing of mobile games through its flagship service. As of 2025, Netflix is the 18th most-visited website in the world, with 21.18% of its traffic coming from the United States, followed by the United Kingdom at 6.01%, Canada at 4.94%, and Brazil at 4.24%.

What Happened, Miss Simone?
What Happened, Miss Simone? is a 2015 American biographical documentary film about Nina Simone directed by Liz Garbus. The film opened the 2015 Sundance Film Festival. The screening was followed by a tribute performance by John Legend. The film was released by Netflix on June 26, 2015. It was nominated for Best Documentary Feature at the 88th Academy Awards.
BBC Radio Cambridgeshire
BBC Radio Cambridgeshire is the BBC's local radio station serving the county of Cambridgeshire.

It broadcasts on FM, DAB, digital TV and via BBC Sounds from studios at the Cambridge Business Park on Cowley Road in Cambridge. The station also aired on MW, but stopped broadcasting on medium wave on 10 May 2021.

According to RAJAR, the station has a weekly audience of 73,000 listeners as of May 2025.

BBC Hereford & Worcester
BBC Hereford & Worcester is the BBC's local radio station serving the counties of Herefordshire and Worcestershire, which were one county from 1974 to 1998.

It broadcasts on FM, DAB, digital TV and online via BBC Sounds from studios on Hylton Road in Worcester.

According to RAJAR, the station has 82,000 listeners with a reach of 15% as of Q4 2025.
Romanshorn railway station
Romanshorn railway station (German: Bahnhof Romanshorn) is a railway station that serves the municipality of Romanshorn, in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.  Opened in 1855, the station is owned and operated by SBB-CFF-FFS.  It forms the junction between the Winterthur–Romanshorn railway, the Schaffhausen–Rorschach railway and the Romanshorn–Nesslau Neu St. Johann railway.

The SBB-CFF-FFS and Thurbo operate both long-distance and local traffic to and from the station. These include four St. Gallen S-Bahn lines and an InterCity train to Brig.

Stein am Rhein railway station
Stein am Rhein railway station (German: Bahnhof Stein am Rhein) is a railway station in the Swiss canton of Schaffhausen and the municipality Stein am Rhein. The station is situated on the opposite (southern) bank of the Rhine to the historic centre of the town, a walk of some 500 m (1,600 ft). It is located on the Lake line (German: Seelinie), which links Schaffhausen with Rorschach.

The station is close to the Untersee (Lake Constance), and the Werd islands.
Francesco Provenzale
Francesco Provenzale (25 September 1632 – 6 September 1704) was an Italian Baroque composer and teacher. He is considered the founder of the Neapolitan school of opera. Notably Provenzale was the teacher of famed castrato 'il cavaliere Nicolo Grimaldi (detto Nicolini)'.

Giovanni Salvatore
Giovanni Salvatore (c.1620 – c.1688) was a Neapolitan composer and organist.

Salvatore was born in Castelvenere.  He is thought to have studied under Giovanni Maria Sabino and Erasmo di Bartolo at the Conservatorio della Pietà dei Turchini, Naples in Naples. He was first organist for the church of Santi Severino e Sossio, then maestro di cappella at San Lorenzo Maggiore (Naples). From 1662 to 1673 he taught at the Conservatorio della Pietà dei Turchini, then moved to be maestro di cappella of the Conservatorio dei Poveri di Gesù Cristo.  He died in Naples.