hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Adana
Adana is a large city in southern Turkey. The city is situated on the Seyhan River, 35 km (22 mi) inland from the northeastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea. It is the administrative seat of the Adana province, and has a population of 1,816,750 (Seyhan, Yuregir, Cukurova, Saricam).

Adana lies in the heart of Cilicia, a region of around 6 million people. The region was particularly important in the classical world due to its location by a pass in the Taurus Mountains (both for military campaigns and trade routes), and its wealth in metal and agricultural assets, including the large fertile plain of Çukurova.

Adana remains a centre for regional trade, and public and private services. Agriculture, healthcare and logistics are important parts of the economy. The city is connected to Tarsus and Mersin by TCDD train. The closest public airport is Çukurova International Airport.

Eskişehir
Eskişehir (US: /ˌɛskɪʃəˈhɪər/ ES-kish-ə-HEER, Turkish: [esˈkiʃehiɾ]; from eski 'old' and şehir 'city') is a city in northwestern Turkey and the capital of the Eskişehir Province. The urban population of the city is 821 315 (Odunpazarı + Tepebaşı), with a metropolitan population of 921 630.

The city is located on the banks of the Porsuk River, 792 m above sea level, where it overlooks the fertile Phrygian Valley. In the nearby hills one can find hot springs. The city is 233 km (145 mi) to the west of Ankara, 330 km (205 mi) to the southeast of Istanbul and 78 km (48 mi) to the northeast of Kütahya. It is located in the vicinity of the ancient city of Dorylaeum.

Known as a university town, it houses Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, and Anadolu University. The province covers an area of 2,678 km2 (1,034 sq mi).
1999 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series
The 1999 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series season was the 5th season of the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, a stock car racing series sanctioned by NASCAR in the United States. Jack Sprague of Hendrick Motorsports was crowned champion.

1998 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series
The 1998 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series was the fourth season of the Craftsman Truck Series, the third highest stock car racing series sanctioned by NASCAR in the United States. Ron Hornaday Jr. of Dale Earnhardt, Inc. won the championship.
Pumpkinseed
The pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus), also referred to as sun perch, pond perch, common sunfish, punkie, sunfish, sunny, and kivver, is a small to medium–sized freshwater fish of the genus Lepomis (true sunfishes), from the sunfish family (Centrarchidae) in the order Centrarchiformes. It is endemic to eastern North America.

Eastern blacknose dace
Eastern blacknose dace (Rhinichthys atratulus) is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Rhinichthys. Its name originates from the Old French word "dars" which is the nominative form of the word "dart" in reference to their swimming pattern. The western blacknose dace (Rhinichthys obtusus) formerly was considered conspecific. While morphologically the two species are not significantly different, they are allopatric. The eastern blacknose dace is found across the southeast portion of Canada and down along the United States'  east coast.  It is dark brown to olive on its dorsal surface and silvery white below, the two shades separated by the darkly pigmented lateral line. In the breeding season, males develop darker pigmentation and an orange lateral line. Blacknose dace live in rocky streams and rivers where they feed upon small invertebrates and microscopic biological matter and provide forage for larger fish.
AP Chemistry
Advanced Placement (AP) Chemistry (also known as AP Chem) is a course and examination offered by the College Board as a part of the Advanced Placement Program to give American and Canadian high school students the opportunity to demonstrate their abilities and earn college-level credits at certain colleges and universities. The AP Chemistry Exam has the lowest test participation rate out of all AP courses, with around half of AP Chemistry students taking the exam.

AP English
AP English can stand for two distinct Advanced Placement Programs for U.S. high school students, provided by the College Board:

AP English Language and Composition

AP English Literature and Composition

See also

AP International English Language
Tommy Bolin
Thomas Richard Bolin (August 1, 1951 – December 4, 1976) was an American rock guitarist and songwriter who played with Zephyr (from 1969 to 1971), the James Gang (from 1973 to 1974) and Deep Purple (from 1975 to 1976), in addition to maintaining a career as a solo artist and session musician, notably for Billy Cobham on his 1973 album Spectrum.

Rex Carroll
Rex Carroll is an American guitarist known for his work in the Christian metal band Whitecross. He is also the leader and guitarist of other bands including Fierce Heart, King James and the Rex Carroll Band. He also filled in and did all the guitar work on Eden's 1994 album Fan The Flame.
Somali language
Somali (/səˈmɑːli, soʊ-/ sə-MAH-lee, soh-; Latin script: Af Soomaali; Wadaad: اف صومالِ‎; Osmanya: 𐒖𐒍 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘 [af soːmaːli]) is an Afroasiatic language belonging to the Cushitic branch. Somali is spoken primarily in Greater Somalia, and the Somali diaspora as a mother tongue. It is an official language in Somalia and Ethiopia, and serves as a national language in Djibouti. It is also a recognised minority language in Kenya. The language is officially written with the Latin alphabet, although the Arabic script and several Somali scripts like Osmanya, Kaddare and the Borama script are informally used.

Omar Sharmarke
Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke (pronunciationⓘ; Somali: Cumar Cabdirashiid Cali Sharmaarke, Arabic: عمر شرماركي) (born 18 June 1960), popularly known as Omar Sharmarke, is a Somali diplomat and politician. From 2009 to 2010, he was the Prime Minister of Somalia. He subsequently briefly served as Somalia's Ambassador to the United States in 2014. In December 2014, Sharmarke was reappointed Prime Minister of Somalia. His term ended on 1 March 2017, and he was replaced by Hassan Ali Khaire.
Mardin
Mardin (Kurdish: مێردین, romanized: Mêrdîn; Arabic: ماردين, romanized: Mārdīn; Syriac: ܡܪܕܝܢ, romanized: Mardīn; Armenian: Մարդին) is a city and seat of the Artuklu District of Mardin Province in Turkey. It is known for the Artuqid architecture of its old city, and for its strategic location on a rocky hill near the Tigris River.

In February 2000, the Turkish Ministry of Culture placed Mardin and its surrounding cultural landscape on the country’s Tentative List for UNESCO World Heritage nomination.

The city had a population of 129,864 in 2021. The population is a mix of Kurds, Arabs, Mhallami, and Assyrians.

Sinjar
Sinjar (Arabic: سنجار, romanized: Sinjār; Kurdish: شنگال, romanized: Şingal, Syriac: ܫܝܓܪ, romanized: Shingar) is a town in the Sinjar District of the Nineveh Governorate in northern Iraq. It is located about five kilometers south of the Sinjar Mountains. Its population in 2013 was estimated at 88,023, and is predominantly Yazidi.
Fürst
Fürst (German pronunciation: [ˈfʏʁst] ⓘ, female form Fürstin, plural Fürsten; from Old High German furisto, "the first", a translation of the Latin princeps) is a German word for a ruler as well as a princely title. Fürsten were, starting in the Middle Ages, members of the highest nobility who ruled over states of the Holy Roman Empire and later its former territories, below the ruling Kaiser (emperor) or König (king).

Confederation of the Rhine
The Confederated States of the Rhine, simply known as the Confederation of the Rhine or Rhine Confederation, was a confederation of German client states established at the behest of Napoleon some months after he defeated Austria and Russia at the Battle of Austerlitz. Its creation brought about the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire shortly afterward. The Confederation of the Rhine lasted for only seven years, from 1806 to 1813, dissolving after Napoleon's defeat in the  War of the Sixth Coalition.

The founding members of the confederation were German princes of the Holy Roman Empire. They were later joined by 19 others, altogether ruling a total of over 15 million people. This granted a significant strategic advantage to the French Empire on its eastern frontier by providing a buffer between France and the two largest German states, Prussia and Austria (which also controlled substantial non-German lands).
Duchy of Naples
The Duchy of Naples (Latin: Ducatus Neapolitanus, Neapolitan: Ducato di Napule) began as a Byzantine province in Southern Europe that was constituted in the seventh century, in the lands roughly corresponding to the current province of Naples that the Lombards had not conquered during their invasion of Italy in the sixth century.

It was governed by a military commander (dux), and rapidly became a de facto independent state, lasting more than five centuries during the Early and High Middle Ages. Naples remains a significant metropolitan city in present-day Italy.

Principality of Capua
The Principality of Capua (Latin: Principatus Capuae or Capue, Modern Italian: Principato di Capua) was a Lombard (and later Norman) state centred on Capua in Southern Italy.  Towards the end of the 10th century the Principality reached its apogee, occupying most of the Terra di Lavoro area. It was originally a gastaldate, then a county, within the principality of Salerno.
Tommy Fleetwood
Thomas Paul Fleetwood (born 19 January 1991) is an English professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour and European Tour. He has won eight times on the European Tour. In 2025, Fleetwood recorded his first win on the PGA Tour at the Tour Championship, which secured the 2025 FedEx Cup. He has also won a silver medal for Great Britain, at the 2024 Olympic Games.

Patrick Cantlay
Patrick Stephen Cantlay (born March 17, 1992) is an American professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour, where he has won eight tournaments.

Cantlay had a successful amateur career and was number one in the World Amateur Golf Ranking for 55 weeks. He shot a round of 60 on the PGA Tour while still a collegiate golfer at UCLA, and received low amateur honors at both the 2011 U.S. Open and 2012 Masters Tournament. Cantlay turned professional in 2012 and won on the Web.com Tour in 2013, securing promotion to the PGA Tour. He struggled in the following years with a career-threatening back injury. Cantlay returned in 2017 and won his first title on the PGA Tour later that year. He reached the top ten of the Official World Golf Ranking for the first time in 2019, and was named the PGA Tour Player of the Year after winning the FedEx Cup in 2021.
Cumbernauld and Kilsyth (Scottish Parliament constituency)
Cumbernauld and Kilsyth (Gaelic: Comar nan Allt agus Cill Saidh) is a burgh constituency of the Scottish Parliament covering part of the council area of North Lanarkshire. It elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the plurality (first past the post) method of election. Under the additional-member electoral system used for elections to the Scottish Parliament, it is also one of nine constituencies in the Central Scotland electoral region, which elects seven additional members, in addition to nine constituency MSPs, to produce a form of proportional representation for the region as a whole. Following the second periodic review of Scottish Parliament boundaries, Cumbernauld and Kilsyth will form part of the new Central Scotland and Lothians West from the 2026 Scottish Parliament election onwards.

The seat has been held by Jamie Hepburn of the Scottish National Party since the 2011 Scottish Parliament election.

Falkirk East and Linlithgow (Scottish Parliament constituency)
Falkirk East and Linlithgow is a county constituency of the Scottish Parliament which will elect one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the first past the post method of election. Under the additional-member electoral system used for elections to the Scottish Parliament, it will also form of nine constituencies in the Central Scotland and Lothians West electoral region, which elects seven additional members, in addition to the nine constituency MSPs, to produce a form of proportional representation for the region as a whole. The seat is expected to be first contested at the 2026 Scottish Parliament election.
2021 Rostelecom Cup
The 2021 Rostelecom Cup was the sixth event in the 2021–22 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating, a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held at the Iceberg Skating Palace in Sochi on 26–28 November. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, women's singles, pairs, and ice dance. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 2021–22 Grand Prix Final.

The event was originally scheduled to be held at its traditional location of Megasport Sport Palace in Moscow, but was relocated in June after the International Ice Hockey Federation adjusted the rink size at the Megasport.

2021 CS Lombardia Trophy
The 2021 CS Lombardia Trophy Memorial Anna Grandolfi was held on September 10–12, 2021 in Bergamo, Italy. It was part of the 2021–22 ISU Challenger Series. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, women's singles, and ice dance.
Grant Show
Grant Show (born February 27, 1962) is an American actor. Show is widely known for his role on Melrose Place as Jake Hanson, which he played from 1992 to 1997. From 2017 to 2022, he portrayed Blake Carrington in the soap opera reboot Dynasty.

Liam Ridley
Liam Ridley (real name Jack Liam Ridley Lowden) is a fictional character from The CW's 2017 series Dynasty, a reboot of the 1980s prime time soap opera of the same name. Portrayed by Adam Huber, Liam is the only series regular role in the remake not based on a character from the original series. Liam first appears in the 2018 episode "Our Turn Now", in which he meets and agrees to marry Atlanta energy heiress Fallon Carrington (Elizabeth Gillies) to thwart the plans of tech billionaire Jeff Colby (Sam Adegoke) to ruin her. After recurring in seasons one and two, Huber was promoted to a series regular for the third season. The character has been a fan favorite since his very first appearance.
Meghalaya Legislative Assembly
The Meghalaya Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Meghalaya.

Constituted as a directly elected body in 1972, it has 60 members, filled through direct elections held every five years. Like other Indian states, Meghalaya has a parliamentary system of government. The executive branch of the Meghalaya Government is derived from the Legislative Assembly.

2013 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election
The Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election of 2013 was held on 23 February 2013 to elect the Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) from each of the 60 Assembly Constituencies (ACs) in the state of Meghalaya in India.
Dark-winged lesser house bat
The dark-winged lesser house bat (Scotoecus hirundo) is a species of vesper bat. It can be found in Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia.

Natal long-fingered bat
The Natal long-fingered bat (Miniopterus natalensis) is a species of vesper bat in the family Miniopteridae. It can be found in Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, possibly Eswatini, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. It is found in dry savanna, moist savanna, Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation, caves, and hot deserts.

The Natal long-fingered bat relies on photoperiod, which is the length of daylight as a cue for migration. When the night shortens, bat activity increases.

While Natal long-fingered bats normally prey on insects, they can sometimes prey on fish. For this, the long-fingered bats have been able to use their primary ability to react to a disappearing target in order to catch moving fish by reaching deeper in the water when a fish dives.
Kilmarnock F.C. Women
Kilmarnock Football Club Women is a women's football team based in Kilmarnock, East Ayrshire that plays in the SWPL 2. Founded as Stewarton Thistle, the club is the oldest women's football team in Scotland and celebrated its 50th anniversary in July 2011.

Southampton Women's F.C.
Southampton Women's FC is a women's football club based in Hampshire, England. The club is affiliated to the FA Women's National League and is an FA Charter Standard club.

Founded in 1970, Southampton Women's FC is the most successful women's football team in Southampton, and one of the most successful women's teams of the 1970s. They are eight-time winners of the Women's FA Cup between the seasons 1970–71 and 1980–81, and twice runners-up. Although founded by fans of the local men's professional side, the club is not affiliated to the men's club Southampton F.C., who run their own more recently founded affiliate, Southampton F.C. Women.
Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi
Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi (Ukrainian: Корсунь-Шевченківський [ˈkɔrsʊnʲ ʃeu̯ˈtʃɛnkiu̯sʲkɪj] ⓘ), Korsun until 1944, is a town in Cherkasy Raion, Cherkasy Oblast, central Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi urban hromada. The city lies on the banks of the Ros River. Population: 17,216 (2022 estimate).

Bohuslav
Bohuslav (Ukrainian: Богуслав, IPA: [boɦʊˈslɑu̯] ⓘ) is a city on the Ros River in Obukhiv Raion, Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Bohuslav urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 15,789 (2022 estimate); 17,135 (2001).
Semnopithecus
Semnopithecus is a genus of Old World monkeys native to the Indian subcontinent, with all species with the exception of two being commonly known as gray langurs. Traditionally only the species Semnopithecus entellus was recognized, but since about 2001 additional species have been recognized.  The taxonomy has been in flux, but currently eight species are recognized.

Members of the genus Semnopithecus are terrestrial, inhabiting forest, open lightly wooded habitats, and urban areas on the Indian subcontinent. Most species are found at low to moderate altitudes, but the Nepal gray langur and Kashmir gray langur occur up to 4,000 m (13,000 ft) in the Himalayas.

Capped langur
The capped langur (Trachypithecus pileatus) is a primate species in the family Cercopithecidae native to subtropical and tropical dry forests in northeast India, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Myanmar. It is arboreal and feeds on 43 plant species.
Yeclano CF
Yeclano Club de Fútbol was a Spanish football club based in Yecla, in the Region of Murcia. Founded in 1950 under the name of Club Deportivo Hispania de Yecla, it was dissolved in 2004.

After Yeclano's dissolution, another club in the city named Yeclano Deportivo was created.

Segunda División B
Segunda División B (English: second division B) was the third tier of the Spanish football league system containing 102 teams divided into five groups, until it was replaced by the new structure in 2021. It was administered by the Royal Spanish Football Federation. It was below the top two professional leagues, the Primera División (also known as La Liga) and the Segunda División, and above the Tercera División. The Segunda División B included the reserve teams of a number of La Liga and Segunda División teams. As of the 2021-22 season, its successors are the Primera Federación and the Segunda Federación.

The league's last ever season was in 2020-21.
For the 2021–22 season, Segunda División B was replaced by Segunda División RFEF, which became the fourth tier due to the creation of a new, semi-professional third division by the Spanish federation (RFEF) called the Primera División RFEF.
Blankenberge
Blankenberge (Dutch: [ˈblɑŋkə(m)bɛrɣə] ⓘ; French: [blɑ̃kønbɛʁg] ⓘ; West Flemish: Blanknberge [ˈblɑŋʔŋ̍bærɦə]) is a seaside municipality and city in the Belgian province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the town of Blankenberge proper and the settlement of Uitkerke.

On 1 December 2014, Blankenberge had a total population of 19,897. The total area of the municipality is 17.41 km2, giving a population density of 1,142 inhabitants per km2. The towns inhabitants are called Blankenbergenaars.

Blankenberge is one of the most important seaside resorts on the Belgian coast in terms of tourist numbers and hotel reservations. It is a national and to a certain extent international seaside resort, attracting visitors from across northern Europe. It possesses a long sandy beach, and a 350-metre-long (1,150 ft) Art Deco pier, the Belgium Pier, constructed in 1933.

Ardooie
Ardooie (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɑrdoːi.ə] ⓘ; West Flemish: Ardôoie) is a municipality in the Belgian province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the towns of Ardooie proper and Koolskamp. In 2006 Ardooie had a total population of 9,147. The local inhabitants are called Ardooienaren. During the First World War Hitler was stationed in Ardooie quartered  with a family.  He painted some of the buildings and the countryside.
Victor Talking Machine Company
The Victor Talking Machine Company was an American recording company and phonograph manufacturer, incorporated in 1901. Victor was an independent enterprise until 1929 when it merged with the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) and became the  RCA Victor Division of the Radio Corporation of America.

Established in Camden, New Jersey, Victor was the largest and most prestigious firm of its kind in the world, best known for its use of the iconic "His Master's Voice" trademark, the design,  production and marketing of the popular "Victrola" line of phonographs and the company's extensive catalog of operatic and classical music recordings by world famous artists on the prestigious Red Seal label. After Victor merged with RCA in 1929, the company maintained its eminence as America's foremost producer of records and phonographs until the 1960s.

Peerless Quartet
The Peerless Quartet was an American vocal group that recorded in the early years of the twentieth century. They formed to record for Columbia Records, where they were credited as the Columbia Quartet or Columbia Male Quartet. From about 1907, when they began to record for record labels other than Columbia, they were more widely known as the Peerless Quartet.

The Peerless Quartet was one of the most commercially successful groups of the acoustic era and made hundreds of recordings, including popular versions of songs such as "Sweet Adeline", "By the Light of the Silvery Moon", "Let Me Call You Sweetheart", and "I Want A Girl (Just Like The Girl That Married Dear Old Dad)". The group continued to record until 1928, with many changes of personnel. They were led until 1910 by Frank C. Stanley, and thereafter by tenor Henry Burr.