hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
New South Wales Government Railways
New South Wales Government Railways (NSWGR) was an agency of the Government of New South Wales which administered rail transport in the colony, and then the state, of New South Wales, Australia, between 1855 and 1932.

Railways in Sydney
Sydney, the largest city in Australia, has an extensive network of passenger and goods railways. The first railway line in Sydney opened in 1855, becoming part of the Main Suburban railway line and laying the foundation for future expansion.

An extensive suburban railway network is operated by Sydney Trains. A metro system began operation in 2019. Sydney's light rail system opened in 1996; it has reutilised former heavy rail corridors. A dedicated goods network also exists.

Central station is the main interchange for Sydney Trains suburban services, also serving intercity and NSW TrainLink regional trains, Sydney Metro and the light rail network. Journey Beyond's transcontinental Indian Pacific to Perth also departs from Central.

Sydney's suburban rail network is the busiest in Australia, with over 359 million journeys made in the 2017–18 financial year.
Kingdom of Saxony
The Kingdom of Saxony (German: Königreich Sachsen) was a German monarchy in Central Europe between 1806 and 1918, the successor of the Electorate of Saxony. It joined the Confederation of the Rhine after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, later joining the German Confederation after Napoleon was defeated in 1815. From 1871, it was part of the German Empire. It became a free state of the Weimar Republic in 1918 after the end of World War I and the abdication of King Frederick Augustus III. Its capital was Dresden, and its modern successor is the Free State of Saxony.

Reichstag (North German Confederation)
The Reichstag (German: [ˈʁaɪçstaːk] ⓘ) of the North German Confederation was the federal state's lower house of parliament. The popularly elected Reichstag was responsible for federal legislation together with the Bundesrat, the upper house whose members were appointed by the governments of the individual states to represent their interests. Executive power lay with the Bundesrat and the king of Prussia acting as Bundespräsidium, or head of state. The Reichstag debated and approved or rejected taxes and expenditures and could propose laws in its own right. To become effective, all laws required the approval of both the Bundesrat and the Reichstag. Voting rights in Reichstag elections were advanced for the time, granting universal, equal, and secret suffrage to men above the age of 25.

When the German Empire was established in 1871, the North German Reichstag formed the basis of the new Reichstag of the German Empire.
Rabobank
Rabobank (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈraːboːbɑŋk]; full name: Coöperatieve Rabobank U.A.) is a Dutch multinational banking and financial services company headquartered in Utrecht, Netherlands. The group comprises 89 local Dutch Rabobanks (2019), a central organisation (Rabobank Nederland), and many specialised international offices and subsidiaries. Food and agribusiness constitute the primary international focus of the Rabobank Group. Rabobank is the second-largest bank in the Netherlands in terms of total assets.

In terms of Tier 1 capital, the organisation is among the 50 largest financial institutions in the world. As of 2022, total assets amount to €628 billion with a net profit of €2.7 billion.

Rabobank has been designated as a Significant Institution since the entry into force of European Banking Supervision in late 2014, and as a consequence is directly supervised by the European Central Bank.

Berliner Handels-Gesellschaft
The Berliner Handels-Gesellschaft (BHG, lit. 'Trade Company of Berlin') was a significant German joint-stock bank, founded in 1856 in Berlin. It relocated to Frankfurt following World War II.

On 1 September 1970 (with retroactive effect at 1 January 1970),: 42  BHG merged with Frankfurter Bank to form Berliner Handels-Gesellschaft - Frankfurter Bank, referred to as BHF Bank from 1975 to 2017 and since then as ODDO BHF.
Outdoor Channel
Outdoor Channel is an American pay television channel focused on the outdoors, offering programming that includes hunting, fishing, western lifestyle, off-road motorsports and adventure. It was launched on April Fool's Day (April 1st) 1994. The network can be viewed on multiple platforms including high definition, video on demand as well as on its own website.  In 2013, Outdoor Channel was acquired by Kroenke Sports Enterprises.

As of November 2023, Outdoor Channel is available to approximately 17,000,000 pay television households in the United States-down from its 2016 peak of 40,000,000 households. In December 2013, the Outdoor Channel was planned to relocate to Colorado from its current location of Temecula, California, supported by Colorado Economic Development Commission.

In March 2019, the channel became available in Australia via the ad-supported streaming service 7plus.

World Fishing Network
World Fishing Network (WFN) is an American television network that offers online and mobile platform dedicated to fishing. It offers a diverse range of programming that includes instruction, tips, tournaments, travel, food boating and outdoor lifestyle content. The network is accessible to viewers in the United States and the Caribbean through cable, satellite, and telecommunication subscriptions.
Composer
A composer is a person who writes music. The term is especially used to indicate composers of Western classical music, or those who are composers by occupation. Many composers are, or were, also skilled performers of music.

William Bolcom
William Elden Bolcom (born May 26, 1938) is an American composer and pianist. He has received the Pulitzer Prize, the National Medal of Arts, a Grammy Award, and the Detroit Music Award, and was named Composer of the Year by Musical America in 2007. He taught composition at the University of Michigan from 1973 to 2008 and was named the Ross Lee Finney Distinguished University Professor of Composition in 2006. He is married to mezzo-soprano Joan Morris.
1977 Torneo Descentralizado
The 1977 Torneo Descentralizado, the top category of Peruvian football (soccer), was played by 16 teams. The national champion was Alianza Lima.

The season was divided into 3 stages.  The Preliminary Tournament contested in two groups (home and away matches plus 2 inter-group    matches); each group winner qualified for the Championship Group. The second stage was the Descentralised (league tournament); the top 4 qualified for the Championship Group and the bottom two played for relegation. Championship Group was contested by 6 teams in home and away matches; teams carried their Descentralised Tournament record.
Although finishing fifth in Descentralised, Universitario qualified for Championship Group, as Alianza had already qualified in Preliminary Tournament. Municipal and Cienciano played a third relegation playoff on a neutral ground, as each team won one match after home and away matches.

1978 Torneo Descentralizado
The 1978 Torneo Descentralizado, the top category of Peruvian football (soccer), was played by 16 teams. The national champion was Alianza Lima.

The season was divided into 2 stages. A Preliminary Tournament contested in two groups; this was a friendly tournament to keep teams occupied as the National Team was preparing for the 1978 World Cup Finals. The second stage was the Decentralized (league tournament); the top 2 qualified for Copa Libertadores and the last team was relegated.
Reichskommissar
Reichskommissar (German: [ˈʁaɪçskɔmɪsaːɐ̯], rendered as "Commissioner of the Empire", "Reich Commissioner" or "Imperial Commissioner"), in German history, was an official gubernatorial title used for various public offices during the period of the German Empire and Nazi Germany.

Wilhelm Rediess
Friedrich Wilhelm Rediess (German: Friedrich Wilhelm Otto Redieß; 10 October 1900 – 8 May 1945) was a German Nazi official who served as the SS and police leader during the German occupation of Norway in the Second World War. He was also the commander of all SS troops stationed in occupied Norway and assumed command from 22 June 1940 until his death by suicide in 1945.
University of California, San Diego
The University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego, or UCSD) is a public land-grant research university in the La Jolla neighborhood of San Diego, California, United States. Established in 1960, it is the southernmost of the ten campuses of the University of California. It occupies 2,178 acres (881 ha) near the Pacific coast.

UC San Diego consists of 12 schools and has 8 undergraduate residential colleges.  It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". The university offers over 200 undergraduate and graduate degree programs, enrolling 35,442 undergraduate and 10,736 graduate students, tied with UCLA for the largest student housing capacity in the nation.

Adriano Garsia
Adriano Mario Garsia (20 August 1928 – 6 October 2024) was a Tunisian-born Italian American mathematician who worked in analysis, combinatorics, representation theory, and algebraic geometry. He was a student of Charles Loewner and published work on representation theory, symmetric functions, and algebraic combinatorics. He and Mark Haiman made the n! conjecture. He is also the namesake of the Garsia–Wachs algorithm for optimal binary search trees, which he published with his student Michelle L. Wachs in 1977.
Klaw (character)
Klaw (Ulysses Klaue) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is depicted as a human physicist who has been transformed into solid sound, and who wears a sonic emitter on his right wrist as a prosthetic device. He is often in conflict with the Fantastic Four and the Avengers, and he is also an enemy of the Black Panther and Ka-Zar.

The character is featured in other Marvel-endorsed products such as arcade and video games, animated television series, and merchandise such as trading cards. Andy Serkis portrays Klaue in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) films Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) and Black Panther (2018), and the Disney+ series What If...? (2021).

Melter
The Melter is the name of three fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The original Melter, Bruno Horgan, first appeared in Tales of Suspense #47 (Nov. 1963). He was both an enemy to Iron Man and a founding member of the Masters of Evil.
1994–95 FR Yugoslavia Cup
The 1994–95 FR Yugoslavia Cup was the third season of the FR Yugoslavia's annual football cup. The cup defenders was FK Partizan, but was defeated by Red Star Belgrade in the quarter-finals. Red Star Belgrade has the winner of the competition, after they defeated FK Obilić.

1996–97 FR Yugoslavia Cup
The 1996–97 FR Yugoslavia Cup was the fifth season of the FR Yugoslavia's annual football cup. The cup defenders was Red Star Belgrade, and they were him successfully defended, after they defeated FK Vojvodina in the final.
Tommy Bowden
Tommy Pearce Bowden (/ˈbaʊdən/; born July 10, 1954) is an American former college football coach. He served as the head coach at Clemson University from 1999 until October 13, 2008. He is a son of Bobby Bowden, former head football coach of Florida State University, against whom he coached in games nicknamed the "Bowden Bowl." He is also a brother of Terry Bowden, who served as the head coach of Auburn.

Tommy West (American football)
Thomas Cleveland West (born July 31, 1954) is an American former college football player and coach. West served as head football coach at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga (1993), Clemson University (1993–1998) and the University of Memphis (2001–2009), compiling a career head coaching record of 84–96. West was fired as head coach at Memphis on November 9, 2009 after beginning the season 2–7. West finished the season with Memphis. He was the defensive line coach at Middle Tennessee State University from 2014 to 2023.

West attended Gainesville High School in Gainesville, Georgia, from which he graduated in 1972. There he was a letterman in football, basketball, and baseball. In football, he was an All-American selection, and was also drafted in fifth round of the Major League Baseball Draft by the Chicago Cubs. He is married to the former Cyndie Smith of Germantown, Tennessee, and has one son, Turner West, who is an assistant at Buffalo Bills.
Mathematician
A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, structure, space, models, and change.

Pedro Nunes
Pedro Nunes (Portuguese: [ˈpeðɾu ˈnunɨʃ]; Latin: Petrus Nonius; 1502 – 11 August 1578) was a Portuguese mathematician, cosmographer, and professor, probably from a New Christian (of Jewish origin) family.

Considered one of the greatest mathematicians of his time, Nunes is best known for being the first to approach navigation and cartography with mathematical tools. Among other accomplishments, he was the first to propose the idea of a loxodrome (a rhumb line), and was the inventor of several measuring devices, including the nonius (from which the Vernier scale was derived), named after his Latin surname.
Woolly monkey
The woolly monkeys are the genus Lagothrix of New World monkeys, usually placed in the family Atelidae.

Both species in this genus originate from the rainforests of South America.  They have prehensile tails and live in relatively large social groups.

Black-headed spider monkey
The black-headed spider monkey (Ateles fusciceps) is a type of New World monkey from Central and South America, specifically Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama. Although primatologists such as Colin Groves (1989) follow Kellogg and Goldman (1944) in treating A. fusciceps as a separate species, other authors, including Froelich (1991), Collins and Dubach (2001) and Nieves (2005) treat it as a subspecies of Geoffroy's spider monkey.

The two subspecies are:

Ateles fusciceps fusciceps – northwestern Ecuador.

Ateles fusciceps rufiventris – southwest Colombia to eastern Panama.
Major (rank)
Major is a senior military officer rank used in many countries. When used unhyphenated and in conjunction with no other indicators, major is one rank above captain in armies and air forces, and one rank below lieutenant colonel. It is considered the most junior of the senior officer ranks.

Royal Danish Army
The Royal Danish Army (Danish: Hæren; Faroese: Herurin; Greenlandic: Sakkutuut) is the land-based branch of the Danish Armed Forces, together with the Danish Home Guard. For the last decade, the Royal Danish Army has undergone a massive transformation of structures, equipment and training methods, abandoning its traditional role of anti-invasion defence, and instead focusing on out of area operations by, among other initiatives, reducing the size of the conscripted and reserve components and increasing the active (standing army) component, changing from 60% support structure and 40% operational capability, to 60% combat operational capability and 40% support structure. When fully implemented, the Danish army will be capable of deploying 1,500 troops permanently on three different continents continuously, or 5,000 troops for a shorter period of time, in international operations without any need for extraordinary measures such as parliamentary approval of a war funding bill.
Ice hockey at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey at the 2006 Winter Olympics was held at the Torino Palasport Olimpico and the Torino Esposizioni in Turin, Italy. The men's competition, held from 15 to 26 February, was won by Sweden, and the women's competition, held from 11 to 20 February, was won by Canada.

2004 Men's Ice Hockey World Championships
The 2004 Men's Ice Hockey Championships was the 68th such event hosted by the International Ice Hockey Federation. Teams participated at several levels of competition. The competition also served as qualifications for division placements in the 2005 competition.
Montjeu
Montjeu (4 April 1996 – 29 March 2012) was an Irish-bred, French-trained thoroughbred horse racing racehorse and sire. In a racing career which lasted from September 1998 to November 2000, he ran sixteen times and won eleven races, including six at Group 1. After winning twice as a juvenile, he was the outstanding European racehorse of 1999, winning the Prix du Jockey Club, the Irish Derby and the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe. Four more victories in 2000 included the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes. He was then retired to stud where he proved to be an outstanding sire of winners.

He died on 29 March 2012 at age 16 at Coolmore Stud from complications related to sepsis.

Giant's Causeway (horse)
Giant's Causeway (14 February 1997 – 16 April 2018) was an American-bred, Irish-trained Thoroughbred racehorse who won five Group One races in Great Britain and Ireland as a three-year-old in 2000: the St James's Palace Stakes, Eclipse Stakes, Sussex Stakes, Juddmonte International Stakes and Irish Champion Stakes. He was named the 2000 Cartier Horse of the Year. The horse was sent to stud and proved to be an outstanding sire.

Nicknamed the "Iron Horse" on account of his toughness and constitution, Giant's Causeway was hailed by his trainer Aidan O'Brien as a "true champion".
Seven West Media
Seven West Media Limited was an Australian diversified media business, with an extensive presence in broadcast television, radio, print and online publishing.

Seven West Media owned the Seven Network, Australia's second-largest commercial television network (by audience and advertising market share). It also owned The West Australian, The Sunday Times and the Community Newspaper Group.

Seven Group Holdings Ltd (SGH), a company controlled by Australian Capital Equity, was Seven West Media's largest shareholder, with over $1 billion in Seven West Media shares and $250 million of Seven West Media convertible preference shares (CPS).

In September 2025, Seven West Media and Southern Cross Media Group announced their intention to merge. The merger was completed on 7 January 2026.

Australian Community Media
Australian Community Media (ACM) is a media company in Australia responsible for over 160 regional publications. Its mastheads include the Canberra Times, Newcastle Herald, The Examiner, The Border Mail, The Courier and the Illawarra Mercury along with more than one hundred community-based websites across Australia and numerous agricultural publications including The Land and Queensland Country Life.

The entity was formerly owned by Fairfax Media prior to its merger with Nine Entertainment in 2018. In April 2019, Nine sold the business to former chief executive of real estate platform Domain Antony Catalano and billionaire Alex Waislitz.

In May 2024, one of the lawyers employed by ACM became associated with a plagiarism scandal involving the use of AI. It was discovered that articles from other publications had been rewritten, but not attributed to the original journalists.
Megara
Megara (/ˈmɛɡərə/; Greek: Μέγαρα, pronounced [ˈmeɣaɾa]) is a historic town and a municipality in West Attica, Greece. It lies in the northern section of the Isthmus of Corinth opposite the island of Salamis, which belonged to Megara in archaic times, before being taken by Athens. Megara was one of the four districts of Attica, embodied in the four mythic sons of King Pandion II, of whom Nisos was the ruler of Megara. Megara was also a trade port, its people using their ships and wealth as a way to gain leverage on armies of neighboring poleis. Megara specialized in the exportation of wool and other animal products including livestock such as horses. It possessed two harbors, Pagae to the west on the Corinthian Gulf, and Nisaea to the east on the Saronic Gulf of the Aegean Sea.  Greek painter Théodore Jacques Ralli created countless paintings featuring the village of Megara between 1873 and 1909.

Brasidas
Brasidas (Greek: Βρασίδας, died 422 BC) was a Spartan general and statesman and is considered to be the most distinguished Spartan commander of the first decade of the Peloponnesian War. He died during the Second Battle of Amphipolis while winning one of his most spectacular victories.
Trey Miguel
Trey McBrayer (born August 30, 1994), better known by his ring name Trey Miguel, is an American professional wrestler. He is signed to Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), where he is the current TNA International Champion in his first reign. He is also a former two-time Impact X Division Champion and one-time Impact World Tag Team Champion. He also made appearances on WWE's NXT brand.

Slammiversary (2021)
The 2021 Slammiversary was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by Impact Wrestling. It took place on July 17, 2021 at the Skyway Studios in Nashville, Tennessee. It was the 17th event under the Slammiversary chronology.

Nine matches were contested at the event, with one match contested on the pre-show. In the main event, Kenny Omega defeated Sami Callihan to retain the Impact World Championship. In other prominent matches, Deonna Purrazzo defeated Thunder Rosa to retain the Impact Knockouts Championship, and Josh Alexander defeated Ace Austin, Chris Bey, Petey Williams, Rohit Raju, and Trey Miguel in an Ultimate X match to retain the X Division Championship in the opening bout. The event also marked the Impact debuts of Jay White, No Way, and Thunder Rosa, and the returns of Mickie James and Chelsea Green (formerly known as Laurel Van Ness).
Salvinia molesta
Salvinia molesta is commonly known as giant salvinia, or as kariba weed after it infested a large portion of Lake Kariba between Zimbabwe and Zambia. It is a free-floating aquatic fern, with fronds that are 0.5–4 centimetres (0.20–1.6 in) long and broad, with a bristly, waterproof surface caused by the hair-like strands that join at the end to form eggbeater shapes. The fronds are produced in pairs with a third modified root-like frond that hangs in the water. Though native to south-eastern Brazil, it has been accidentally introduced or escaped to countless lakes throughout the United States, including Caddo Lake in Texas, where the invasive species has caused eutrophication to occur.

Since 2019, Salvinia molesta has been included in the European Union's List of invasive alien species of Union concern. This means that the species cannot be imported, cultivated, transported, commercialized, planted, or intentionally released into the environment in the European Union.

Pontederia crassipes
Pontederia crassipes (formerly Eichhornia crassipes), commonly known as common water hyacinth, is an aquatic plant native to South America, naturalized throughout the world, and often invasive outside its native range. It is the sole species of the subgenus Oshunae within the genus Pontederia. Anecdotally, it is known as the "terror of Bengal" due to its invasive growth tendencies.
Ludwigshafen
Ludwigshafen, officially Ludwigshafen am Rhein (German pronunciation: [ˈluːtvɪçsˌhaːfn̩ ʔam ˈʁaɪn] ⓘ; meaning "Ludwig's Port upon the Rhine"; Palatine German: Ludwichshafe or Lumpehafe), is a city in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, on the river Rhine (Upper Rhine), opposite Mannheim. With Mannheim, Heidelberg, and the surrounding region, it forms the Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region.

Known primarily as an industrial city, Ludwigshafen is home to BASF, the world's largest chemical producer, and other companies. Among its cultural facilities are the Staatsphilharmonie Rheinland-Pfalz.

It is the birthplace and death place of the former Chancellor of Germany, Helmut Kohl.

In 2012, Ludwigshafen was classified as a global city with 'Sufficiency' status by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC).

German Wine Route
The German Wine Route or Wine Road (German: Deutsche Weinstraße, pronounced [ˌdɔʏtʃə ˈvaɪnˌʃtʁaːsə]) is the oldest of Germany's tourist wine routes.  Located in the Palatinate region of the federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate, the route was established in 1935.