hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Deutsche Bahn
Deutsche Bahn AG (DB) is the national railway company of Germany, and a state-owned enterprise under the control of the German government. With its head office in the Bahntower in Berlin, it is a joint-stock company (Aktiengesellschaft, AG).

DB was founded after the merger between Deutsche Bundesbahn and the East German Deutsche Reichsbahn in 1994 after the unification of Germany and has been operating ever since. Deutsche Bahn is the second-largest transport company in Germany, after the German postal and logistics company Deutsche Post / DHL. DB provides both long-distance and regional transport, serving around 132 million long distance passengers and 1.6 billion regional passengers in 2022. In 2022, DB transported 222 million tons of cargo.

15 kV AC railway electrification
Railway electrification using alternating current (AC) at 15 kilovolts (kV) and 16.7 hertz (Hz) are used on transport railways in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Sweden, and Norway. The high voltage enables high power transmission with the lower frequency reducing the losses of the traction motors that were available at the beginning of the 20th century. Globally, railway electrification in late 20th century tends to use 25 kV, 50 Hz AC systems which has become the preferred standard for new railway electrifications. Nevertheless, local extensions of the existing 15 kV network is commonplace. In particular, the Gotthard Base Tunnel (opened on 1 June 2016) uses 15 kV, 16.7 Hz electrification.

Due to high conversion costs, it is unlikely that existing 15 kV, 16.7 Hz systems will be converted to  25 kV, 50 Hz despite the fact that this would reduce the weight of the on-board step-down transformers to one third that of the present devices.
Anzio
Anzio (/ˈænzioʊ/, also US: /ˈɑːntsioʊ/; Italian: [ˈantsjo]) is a resort town and comune in the Lazio region of Italy, about 51 kilometres (32 mi) south of Rome.

Well known for its seaside resorts, it is a fishing port and a departure point for ferries and hydroplanes to the Pontine Islands of Ponza, Palmarola, and Ventotene. The town bears great historical significance as the site of Operation Shingle, a crucial landing by the Allies during the Italian Campaign of World War II.

Aprilia, Lazio
Aprilia (Italian: [aˈpriːlja]) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Latina, now incorporated in the conurbation of Rome, in the Italian region of Latium. It is the fifth most populous town in the region and the tenth largest by area.
Nigerian shrew
The Nigerian shrew (Crocidura nigeriae) is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae. The animal is found in Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Togo, and there are claims of it also being found in Ghana. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Together with its counterpart the Crocidura poensis or Fraser's Musk Shrew, it is known as Asín in Yoruba and Nkapi or Nkakwu in Igbo.

Like many other types of shrew, it emits a foul and lingering odour from its musk glands which immediately alerts as to its presence.

With its long, flexible snouts, the Nigerian shrew (Crocidura nigeriae) is a swift, and relatively large shrew. They are the only mammals other than bats that use echolocation. They are a burrowing animal. Breeding activity is greatest during rainy seasons; the Nigerian shrew is found in lowland tropical moist forests in Nigeria, Cameroon, and Bioko Island.

African giant shrew
The African giant shrew (Crocidura olivieri) is a species of white-toothed shrew. It also is known as, Mann's musk shrew, Euchareena's musk shrew, or Olivier's shrew. It is native to Africa, where it has a widespread distribution and occurs in many types of habitat. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, dry savanna, moist savanna, arable land, rural gardens, urban areas, and heavily degraded former forest. In the Nile Valley it is found near human habitation, where it is considered to be a pest. It is a common species and is listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as being of "least concern".
E-flat major
E-flat major is a major scale based on E♭, consisting of the pitches E♭, F, G, A♭, B♭, C, and D. Its key signature has three flats. Its relative minor is C minor, and its parallel minor is E♭ minor, (or enharmonically D♯ minor).

The E♭ major scale is:

A minor
A minor is a minor scale based on A, B, C, D, E, F, and G. Its key signature has no flats or sharps. Its relative major is C major and its parallel major is A major.

The A natural minor scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The A harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:
1st Punjab Regiment
The 1st Punjab Regiment was an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army from 1922 to 1947. Upon the Partition of India, it was transferred to the newly-raised Pakistan Army. It ceased to exist in this form in 1956, when it was amalgamated with the 14th, 15th and 16th Punjab regiments to form the Punjab Regiment, an existing infantry regiment of the Pakistan Army.

5th Indian Infantry Brigade
The 5th Indian Infantry Brigade was an infantry brigade formation of the Indian Army during World War II. It was converted from the 9th Indian Infantry Brigade in September 1939, and assigned to the 4th Indian Infantry Division. The brigade first moved to Egypt and took part in the early battles in North Africa. Then in 1941, it moved to the Sudan with the 5th Indian Infantry Division. Returning to 4th Indian Division command it took part in the Syria-Lebanon Campaign. The brigade then returned to North Africa coming under command of the 5th and 10th Indian Infantry Divisions, and the 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division and the 51st (Highland) Infantry Division in the Campaign in Tunisia. The brigade once more returned to the 4th Division for the Italian Campaign and the Greek Civil War.
Government of South Dakota
The structure of the government of South Dakota is based on that of the federal government, with three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. The structure of the state government is laid out in the Constitution of South Dakota, the highest law in the state. The constitution may be amended either by a majority vote of both houses of the legislature, or by voter initiative.

Government of Nevada
The government of Nevada comprises three branches of government: the executive branch consisting of the governor of Nevada and the governor's cabinet along with the other elected constitutional officers; the legislative branch consisting of the Nevada Legislature which includes the Assembly and the Senate; and the judicial branch consisting of the Supreme Court of Nevada and lower courts.
Belfry
The belfry (/ˈbɛlfri/ BEL-free) is a structure enclosing bells for ringing as part of a building, usually as part of a bell tower or steeple. It can also refer to the entire tower or building, particularly in continental Europe for such a tower attached to a city hall or other civic building.

A belfry encloses the bell chamber, the room in which the bells are housed; its walls are pierced by openings which allow the sound to escape. The openings may be left uncovered but are commonly filled with louvers to prevent rain and snow from entering and damaging the bells. There may be a separate room below the bell chamber to house the ringers.

Venetian window
A Venetian window (also known as a Serlian or Palladian window or Serlian motif)  is a distinctive architectural element that consists of a central arched window flanked by two smaller rectangular windows. This design is often used in classical architecture and has been widely employed in Renaissance, Baroque, and Neoclassical buildings. Although Sebastiano Serlio (1475–1554) did not invent it, the window features largely in the work of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio (1508–1580) and is almost a trademark of his early career. The true Palladian window is an elaborated version. Both the Venetian window or Serlian window and the Palladian window were inspired by Hellenistic and Roman examples which are part of the classical tradition and related to prestige and sacredness.
96th New York State Legislature
The 96th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 7 to May 30, 1873, during the first year of John A. Dix's governorship, in Albany.

100th New York State Legislature
The 100th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 2 to May 24, 1877, during the first year of Lucius Robinson's governorship, in Albany.
Dux
Dux (/dʌks, dʊks/, pl.: ducēs) is Latin for "leader" (from the noun dux, ducis, "leader, general") and later for duke and its variant forms (doge, duce, etc.). During the Roman Republic and for the first centuries of the Roman Empire, dux could refer to anyone who commanded troops, both Roman generals and foreign leaders, but was not a formal military rank.

Battle of the Orontes
The Battle of the Orontes was fought on 15 September 994 between the Byzantines and their Hamdanid allies under Michael Bourtzes against the forces of the Fatimid vizier of Damascus, the Turkish general Manjutakin. The battle was a Fatimid victory.
Liver transplantation
Liver transplantation or hepatic transplantation is the replacement of a diseased liver with the healthy liver from another person (allograft). Liver transplantation is a treatment option for end-stage liver disease and acute liver failure, although the availability of donor organs is a major limitation. Liver transplantation is highly regulated and only performed at designated transplant medical centers by highly trained transplant physicians. Favorable outcomes require careful screening for eligible recipients, as well as a well-calibrated live or deceased donor match.

Transplant rejection
Transplant rejection occurs when transplanted tissue is rejected by the recipient's immune system, which destroys the transplanted tissue. Transplant rejection can be lessened by determining the molecular similitude between donor and recipient and by use of immunosuppressant drugs after transplant.
Manitoba Bisons
The Manitoba Bisons are the athletic teams that represent the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The football team plays at Princess Auto Stadium, the soccer team plays at the outdoor soccer field on campus, track and field teams use University Stadium, and the volleyball and basketball teams play at Investors Group Athletic Centre. The University has 18 different teams in 10 sports: basketball, curling, cross country running, Canadian football, golf, ice hockey, soccer, swimming, track & field, and volleyball.

Calgary Dinos
The Calgary Dinos are the athletic teams that represent the University of Calgary in Alberta, Canada. They were known as the "Dinosaurs" but usually referred to as the "Dinos" until 1999, when the name was officially shortened. Some of its venues are the Jack Simpson Gymnasium (basketball m/w, volleyball m/w, track and field m/w), McMahon Stadium (football, soccer m/w), Hawkings Field (field hockey), University of Calgary Aquatic Centre (swimming, often shortened to Aquatic Centre) and a 200m Running Track (cross-country and track & field practices).

The men and women hockey teams play at Father David Bauer Olympic Arena. Historically in the rare case of scheduling conflicts, both men's and women's hockey have used the Max Bell Centre for games.
Kojak
Kojak is an American action crime drama television series starring Telly Savalas as the title character, New York City Police Department Detective Lieutenant Theophilus "Theo" Kojak. Taking the time slot of the popular Cannon series, it aired on CBS from 1973 to 1978. The series was reprised as 7 TV movies in the 1980s and as a TV series in 2005 starring Ving Rhames. It was also the basis for a series of novels, an audio drama, and a line of toys.

In 1999, TV Guide ranked Theo Kojak number 18 on its 50 Greatest TV Characters of All Time list.

Eight Is Enough
Eight Is Enough is an American comedy-drama/sitcom television series that aired on ABC from March 15, 1977, to May 23, 1981. The show was modeled on the life of syndicated newspaper columnist Tom Braden (Tom Bradford on the show), a real-life parent with eight children, who wrote a book by the same title.
Tadasuke
Tadasuke Yoshida (吉田忠輔, Yoshida Tadasuke; born January 13, 1986), known mononymously as Tadasuke (タダスケ) is a Japanese professional wrestler, currently signed to Pro Wrestling Noah, where he is a member of the Team 2000X stable. He is best known for his work in Osaka Pro Wrestling, where he is a former one-time Osaka Pro Wrestling Champion, three-time Osaka Pro Wrestling Tag Team Champions and a one-time Osaka Pro Wrestling Battle Royal Champion, while also being the winner of the 2012 Osaka Tag Festival. He has also made appearances in the United States for the Chikara promotion, where he is a former holder of the Young Lions Cup.

Ratel's (professional wrestling)
Passion Ratel's (Japanese: 情熱RATEL'S, Hepburn: Jōnetsu Rateruzu), formerly knows as Ratel's, is a professional wrestling stable based in the Pro Wrestling Noah (Noah) promotion. As of 2025 the stable consists of Yo-Hey, Manabu Soya, Saxon Huxley and Daiki Inaba. During its first period of activity between 2017 and 2020, the stable was originally founded and led by Daisuke Harada.
Protea
Protea (/ˈproʊtiːə/) is a genus of South African flowering plants, also called sugarbushes (Afrikaans: suikerbos). It is the type genus of the Proteaceae family.

About 92% of the species occur only in the Cape Floristic Region, a narrow belt of mountainous coastal land from Clanwilliam to Grahamstown, South Africa. Most protea species are found south of the Limpopo River. Protea madiensis grows in Afromontane enclaves across tropical Africa, from Guinea to Sudan, Mozambique, and Angola. Protea afra ranges from the Cape region to Uganda and Kenya, including in the chaparral zone of Mount Kenya National Park. The extraordinary richness and diversity of species characteristic of the Cape flora are thought to be caused in part by the diverse landscape, where populations can become isolated from each other and in time develop into separate species.

Southern Cross Medal (1975)
The Southern Cross Medal of 1975, post-nominal letters SM, is a military decoration which was instituted by the Republic of South Africa on 1 July 1975. It was awarded to officers of the South African Defence Force for exceptionally meritorious service and particular devotion to duty. It represents the highest Presidential Medal that can be bestowed upon a member of the military in South Africa.
Prakasam district
Prakasam district named in honour of Tanguturi Prakasam is in the coastal Andhra region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It was reorganised on 4 April 2022 and 31 December 2025. The headquarters of the district is Ongole.  It is bounded by Bapatla, Palnadu, Markapuram, Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore districts and Bay of Bengal.

Gundlakamma River
The Gundlakamma River  is a seasonal waterway that flows through the east-central part of the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It arises in the Nallamala Hills, an offshoot of the Eastern Ghats. Gundlakamma is the largest of all the rivers that originate from the Nallamalla Hills.
Abd al-Muttalib
Shayba ibn Hāshim (Arabic: شيبة بن هاشم; c. 481–578), better known as ʿAbd al-Muttalib, (Arabic: عبد المطلب, lit. 'Servant of Muttalib') was the fourth chief of the Quraysh tribal confederation and grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

Banu Makhzum
The Banu Makhzum (Arabic: بنو مخزوم, romanized: Banū Makhzūm) was one of the wealthy clans of the Quraysh. They are regarded as being among the three most powerful and influential clans in Mecca before the advent of Islam, the other two being the Banu Hashim (the tribe of the Islamic prophet Muhammad) and the Banu Umayya.
Sublingual administration
Sublingual (abbreviated SL), from the Latin for "under the tongue", refers to the pharmacological route of administration by which substances diffuse into the blood through tissues under the tongue.

Many drugs are absorbed through sublingual administration, including cardiovascular drugs, steroids, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, opioid analgesics, THC, and CBD. Some proteins, as well as vitamins and minerals, are also administered sublingually.

Onset of action
Onset of action is the duration of time it takes for a drug's effects to come to prominence upon administration. With oral administration, it typically ranges anywhere from 20 minutes to over an hour, depending on the drug in question. Other methods of ingestion such as smoking or injection can take as little as seconds to minutes to take effect. The determination of the onset of action, however, is not completely dependent upon route of administration. There are several other factors that determine the onset of action for a specific drug, including drug formulation, dosage, and the patient receiving the drug.
Julie Estelle
Julie Estelle Gasnier (born January 4, 1989), better known as Julie Estelle, is an Indonesian actress and model. She is best known internationally for her roles in slasher and martial arts films, such as Ladya in Macabre (2009), Hammer Girl in The Raid 2 (2014), and The Operator in The Night Comes for Us (2018). She won Best New Actress at the 2015 Jackie Chan Action Movie Awards.

Iko Uwais
Uwais Qorny (pronounced [uˌwaɪh ˈkɔrni], born 12 February 1983), known professionally as Iko Uwais, is an Indonesian actor, stuntman, fight choreographer, and martial artist. He is best known for acting in the action films Merantau (2009), The Raid (2011), The Raid 2 (2014), Headshot (2016), Mile 22 (2018), The Night Comes for Us (2018), Stuber (2019), and the Netflix series Wu Assassins (2019–22).
Chris Claremont
Christopher S. Claremont (/ˈklɛərmɒnt/) is an American comic book writer and novelist. Claremont worked for 16 years on Uncanny X-Men from 1975 to 1991, longer than that of any other writer, during which he is credited with developing strong female characters as well as introducing complex literary themes into superhero narratives, turning the once underachieving comic into one of Marvel's most popular series. During his tenure, X-Men was the best-selling comic book in the world.

During his tenure at Marvel, Claremont co-created dozens of X-Men characters. He wrote the stories "The Dark Phoenix Saga" and "Days of Future Past", on which he collaborated with John Byrne. He developed the character of Wolverine. X-Men #1, the 1991 spinoff series premiere that Claremont co-wrote with Jim Lee, is the bestselling comic book of all time, according to Guinness World Records. In 2015, Claremont and Byrne were entered into the Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame.

Apocalypse (character)
Apocalypse (En Sabah Nur) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is one of the world's first mutants, and was a principal villain for the original X-Factor team and later the X-Men and related spin-off teams. Created by writer Louise Simonson and artist Jackson Guice, Apocalypse first appeared, unnamed, in Marvel Graphic Novel #17 (July, 1985) and his full debut in X-Factor #5 (June 1986). Apocalypse is one of the most powerful beings in the Marvel Universe and the father of the original incarnation of the Horsemen of Apocalypse.

Since his introduction, the character has appeared in a number of X-Men titles, including spin-offs and several limited series. Apocalypse has also been featured in various forms of media.
Pfäffikon SZ railway station
Pfäffikon SZ railway station (German: Bahnhof Pfäffikon SZ) is a junction station serving Pfäffikon, the principal town of the municipality of Freienbach, in the canton of Schwyz (SZ), Switzerland. The station is situated at the northern edge of the town, between the town centre and Lake Zurich. It is located within fare zone 181 of the Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV).

The station forms part of the Lake Zurich left-bank railway line, which links Zürich Hauptbahnhof with Ziegelbrücke and Näfels, and is owned and operated by the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB). To the east of the station is the junction for the line to Rapperswil, which crosses Lake Zurich over the Seedamm, whilst to the west is the junction for the line to Arth-Goldau; both these latter being owned and operated by the Südostbahn (SOB).

Aarau railway station
Aarau railway station (German: Bahnhof Aarau) serves the municipality of Aarau, capital town of the canton of Aargau, Switzerland. Opened in 1856, it is owned and operated by Swiss Federal Railways (SBB CFF FFS).

The station forms the junction between the Olten–Aarau railway, the Zurich-Aarau railway and the Baden–Aarau railway. Previously, it was also a terminus of the now closed Aarau–Suhr railway.

On the southern side of the station yard is the separate railway station Aarau WSB for the metre gauge trains of the Menziken–Aarau–Schöftland line of Aargau Verkehr AG (AVA). Its infrastructure (its own station building, 2 platforms serving three tracks, no. 11–13) is directly connected with Aarau railway station.
Monte Carlo Rally
The Monte Carlo Rally or Rallye Monte-Carlo (officially Rallye Automobile Monte-Carlo) is a rallying event organized each year by the Automobile Club de Monaco.

From its inception in 1911 by Prince Albert I, the rally was intended to demonstrate improvements and innovations in automobiles, and promote Monaco as a tourist resort on the Mediterranean shore. Before the format changed in 1997, the event was a “concentration rally” in which competitors would set off from various starting points around Europe and drive to Monaco, where the rally would continue to a set of special stages.

The rally now takes place along the hills of the French Riviera and southeast France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur and the southern parts of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes). In 2026, for the first time since the 2008 Monte Carlo Rally, the event returned to within the borders of Monaco for a Super Special Stage.

Kris Meeke
Kris Meeke (born 2 July 1979) is a British professional rally driver from Northern Ireland, best known for competing in the FIA World Rally Championship (WRC). He was the 2009 Intercontinental Rally Challenge champion. His co-driver is Seb Marshall. He began his career as a computer aided designer with M-Sport, at the headquarters of the Ford World Rally Team, before moving on to competing in the Peugeot Super 106 Cup in 2001.

In 2011, Meeke debuted in the World Rally Championship driving a MINI for Prodrive. His first event was the Rally d'Italia Sardegna which was held between 5–8 May. Meeke scored his first WRC points and won the Power Stage at the 2011 Rally Catalunya. His maiden WRC win was at the 2015 Rally Argentina.
Common galaxias
The common galaxias (Galaxias maculatus) or inanga (from the Māori īnanga or īnaka) is a species of ray-finned fish from the family Galaxiidae that is widespread in the Southern Hemisphere. It is migratory, living in fresh water but spawning at river mouths, spending the first six months of its life at sea, and returning en masse in spring. Its vernacular names include cowfish, jollytail, common jollytail, eel gudgeon, inaka, native trout, pulangi, puye, slippery tarki, spotted minnow, Falklands minnow and whitebait.

Giant kōkopu
The giant kōkopu (Galaxias argenteus) is a threatened species of ray-finned fish in the genus Galaxias, found only in New Zealand. It can reach up to 58 cm (23 in) in length and 2.7 kg (6.0 lb) in weight, making it the largest species in the family Galaxiidae. It is a mainly lowland species, commonly found in slow-flowing streams, wetlands, lakes, and lagoons. Most populations have an amphidromous life cycle, with larvae going to sea soon after hatching and returning about four months later as small juveniles, 4.5–5 cm (1.8–2.0 in). Juvenile giant kōkopu form a small part of the annual whitebait catch.