hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Viral replication
Viral replication is the formation of biological viruses during the infection process in the target host cells.  Viruses must first get into the cell before viral replication can occur.  Through the generation of abundant copies of its genome and packaging these copies, the virus continues infecting new hosts.  Replication between viruses is greatly varied and depends on the type of genes involved in them. Most DNA viruses assemble in the nucleus while most RNA viruses develop solely in cytoplasm.

Viral life cycle
Viruses are only able to replicate themselves by commandeering the reproductive apparatus of cells and making them reproduce the virus's genetic structure and particles instead. How viruses do this depends mainly on the type of nucleic acid DNA or RNA they contain, which is either one or the other but never both. Viruses cannot function or reproduce outside a cell, and are totally dependent on a host cell to survive. Most viruses are species specific, and related viruses typically only infect a narrow range of plants, animals, bacteria, or fungi.
Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra
The Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra (Dutch: Koninklĳk Concertgebouworkest, pronounced [ˌkoːnɪŋklə kɔnˈsɛrtxəbʌu.ɔrˌkɛst]) is a Dutch symphony orchestra, established in 1888 at the Amsterdam Royal Concertgebouw (concert hall). It is considered one of the world's leading orchestras. It was known as the Concertgebouw Orchestra until Queen Beatrix conferred the "Royal" prefix upon it in celebration of its centenary in 1988; the prefix was also granted to the concert hall in 2013.

Lucerne Festival
47°02′56″N 8°18′23″E﻿ / ﻿47.04889°N 8.30639°E﻿ / 47.04889; 8.30639

Lucerne Festival is one of the leading international festivals in the world of classical music and presents a series of classical music festivals based in Lucerne, Switzerland. Founded in 1938 by Ernest Ansermet and Walter Schulthess, it currently produces three festivals per year. Since 1999, Michael Haefliger has been its executive and artistic director. Starting in January 2026, Sebastian Nordmann will take over the directorship of Lucerne Festival.

Each festival features resident orchestras and soloists alongside guest performances from international ensembles and artists. The central festival takes place in summer from mid-August to mid-September and offers a widely varied range of approximately 100 concerts and related events primarily at the Lucerne Culture and Congress Centre (KKL) designed by Jean Nouvel.
Édouard Balladur
Édouard Balladur (French: [edwaʁ baladyʁ]; born 2 May 1929) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France under François Mitterrand from 29 March 1993 to 17 May 1995. He unsuccessfully ran for president in the 1995 French presidential election, coming in third place.

Yves Cochet
Yves Cochet (French pronunciation: [iv kɔʃe]; born 15 February 1946) is a French politician, member of Europe Écologie–The Greens. He was minister in the government of Lionel Jospin. On 6 December 2011, he was elected member of the European Parliament (MEP).

He studied Mathematics and became researcher-lecturer at Institut National des Sciences Appliquées of Rennes in 1969. In June 1971, teaming with Maurice Nivat, he obtained a PhD for his research on « Sur l'algébricité des classes de certaines congruences définies sur le monoïde libre ».
Tacoma Art Museum
The Tacoma Art Museum (TAM) is an art museum in Tacoma, Washington, United States. It focuses primarily on the art and artists from the Pacific Northwest and broader western region of the U.S. Founded in 1935, the museum has strong roots in the community and anchors the university and museum district in downtown Tacoma.

Bellevue Arts Museum
The Bellevue Arts Museum was a museum of contemporary visual art, craft, and design located in Bellevue, Washington, part of the greater Seattle metropolitan area. A nonprofit organization established in 1975, the Bellevue Arts Museum (BAM) provided rotating arts exhibitions to the public. The museum was located across from Bellevue Square in a three-story building opened in 2001 and designed by architect Steven Holl. The Bellevue Arts Museum closed indefinitely on September 4, 2024, amid financial issues.
Frank Morgan
Francis Phillip Wuppermann (June 1, 1890 – September 18, 1949), known professionally as Frank Morgan, was an American character actor. He was best known for his appearances in films starting in the silent era in 1916, and then numerous sound films throughout the 1930s and 1940s, with a career spanning 35 years mostly as a contract player at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. He was also briefly billed early in his career as Frank Wupperman and Francis Morgan.

He is best-known for his multiple roles, including Professor Marvel and the title role of The Wizard in the 1939 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer classic The Wizard of Oz.

Victor Fleming
Victor Lonzo Fleming (February 23, 1889 – January 6, 1949) was an American film director, cinematographer, and producer. His most popular films were the historical drama Gone with the Wind, for which he won an Academy Award for Best Director, and the fantasy film The Wizard of Oz (both 1939). Fleming has those same two films listed in the top 10 of the American Film Institute's 2007 AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies list.
Sheffield Hallam University
Sheffield Hallam University (SHU) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. The university is based on two sites; the City Campus is located in the city centre near Sheffield railway station, while the Collegiate Crescent Campus is about two miles away in the Broomhall Estate off Ecclesall Road in south-west Sheffield. A third campus at Brent Cross Town in the London Borough of Barnet is expected to open for the 2025–26 academic year.

The university is the 14th largest university in the UK (out of 169) with 30,765 students (of whom 4,400 are international students), 4,494 staff and 708 courses.

Liverpool John Moores University
Liverpool John Moores University (abbreviated LJMU) is a public research university in the city of Liverpool, United Kingdom. The university can trace its origins to the Liverpool Mechanics' School of Arts, established in 1823. This later merged to become Liverpool Polytechnic. In 1992, following an Act of Parliament, the Liverpool Polytechnic became what is now Liverpool John Moores University. It is named after Sir John Moores, a local businessman and philanthropist, who donated to the university's precursor institutions.

The university had 25,050 students in 2024/25, of which 20,105 are undergraduate students and 4,945 are postgraduate, making it the 30th largest university in the UK by total student population.

It is a member of the AACSB, MillionPlus, the Northern Consortium and the European University Association.
EQT AB
EQT AB is a Swedish global investment organization founded in 1994. Its funds invest in private equity (EQT Private Capital Europe & North America), infrastructure (EQT Infrastructure), real estate (EQT Real Estate), growth equity, and venture capital in Europe, North America, and Asia Pacific. As of 2025, EQT's assets under management are €266 billion (US$285 billion), of which €141 billion are fee-generating. It is ranked the second largest private equity firm worldwide based on funds raised according to the 2025 edition of Private Equity International's PEI 300 ranking.

Compass Group
Compass Group plc is a British multinational contract foodservice company headquartered in Chertsey, England. It is the largest contract foodservice company in Europe, employing over 580,000 people as of July 2025. It serves meals in locations including offices and factories, schools, universities, hospitals, major sports and cultural venues, mining camps, prisons and offshore oil platforms. Compass Group is listed on the London Stock Exchange, as a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. As of July 2025, it has one of the highest market capitalisations on the London Stock Exchange. It is also a Fortune Global 500 company.
Glen Keane
Glen Keane is an American animator, director, author and illustrator. As a character animator at Walt Disney Animation Studios for 38 years (1974–2012), he worked on feature films including The Little Mermaid, Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin, Pocahontas, Tarzan and Tangled. He received the 1992 Annie Award for character animation and the 2007 Winsor McCay Award for lifetime contribution to the field of animation. He was named a Disney Legend in 2013, a year after retiring from the studio.

In 2017, Keane directed Dear Basketball, an animated short film based on Kobe Bryant's retirement poem in The Players' Tribune, for which Keane and Bryant received the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film at the 90th Academy Awards.

Disney Renaissance
The Disney Renaissance was a period from 1989 to 1999 during which Walt Disney Feature Animation returned to producing commercially and/or critically successful animated films. The ten feature films associated with this period are The Little Mermaid (1989), The Rescuers Down Under (1990), Beauty and the Beast (1991), Aladdin (1992), The Lion King (1994), Pocahontas (1995), The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996), Hercules (1997), Mulan (1998), and Tarzan (1999).

The films were mostly musical adaptations of well-known stories, similar to the films produced by Walt Disney from the 1930s to 1960s. The resurgence allowed Disney's animated films to become a powerhouse of successes at the domestic and foreign box office, earning much greater profits.
Tāmaki Strait
The Tāmaki Strait is an area of the Hauraki Gulf in the Auckland Region of New Zealand's North Island. The strait is east of the Waitematā Harbour, and is located between Waiheke Island, East Auckland and the Pōhutukawa Coast. The area is sometimes referred to as The Back Paddock by sailors.

Beachlands, New Zealand
Beachlands is an outer suburb of Auckland, New Zealand, established in the 1920s, where development increased in the 1950s due to its popularity as a beach holiday destination. It is located on the Pōhutukawa Coast and in close proximity to Maraetai.
Nevada Department of Transportation
The Nevada Department of Transportation (Nevada DOT or NDOT) is a government agency in the U.S. state of Nevada. NDOT is responsible for maintaining and improving Nevada's highway system, which includes U.S. highways and Interstate highways within the state's boundaries.  The department is notable for its aggressively proactive approach to highway maintenance. Nevada state roads and bridges have also been named some of the nation's best.

The state of Nevada is facing a multibillion-dollar transportation funding deficit, and NDOT is developing potential transportation funding sources through the Pioneer Program and Vehicle Miles Traveled Fee Study.

For those driving in Nevada, NDOT offers updated road conditions and construction reports through the 511 Nevada Travel Info system. NDOT headquarters is located on Stewart Street (former State Route 520) in Carson City, Nevada.

U.S. Route 95 in Nevada
U.S. Route 95 (US 95) is a major U.S. highway traversing the U.S. state of Nevada from north to south directly through Las Vegas and providing connections to both Carson City (via US 50 in Silver Springs, Nevada area only) and Reno (via Interstate 80 in Fernley, Nevada only or U.S. 95A north to U.S. 50 west to I-580/U.S. 395 north in Carson City, Nevada area only). US 95 is cosigned with Interstate 80 for 95 miles (153 km) between Winnemucca and a junction 32 miles north of Fallon before heading north into Oregon at McDermitt. At 646.71 miles (1,040.78 km), it is the longest highway in Nevada.

Along much of its course through Nevada, US 95 has signs designating it as the Veterans Memorial Highway. A portion of the route in Las Vegas northwest of downtown is also called the Oran K. Gragson Freeway, named for Las Vegas mayor Oran K. Gragson who advocated for construction of that portion of freeway in the 1960s.
Eternal derby (Romania)
The Eternal derby (Romanian: Eternul derby), also called the Romanian derby (Romanian: Derby-ul României or Derby de România) or the Great derby (Romanian: Marele derby), is a football match between Bucharest rivals FCSB and Dinamo București. The game is usually among—if not the most—viewed and attended of the Liga I season. The two most successful clubs in Romania, they won a combined 95 honours: a record 61 for Steaua/FCSB (including two international trophies) and 34 for Dinamo București.

The teams have played 191 matches in all domestic top-level competitions. FCSB have won 72 times to Dinamo's 62, with 57 drawn.

1971 Cupa României final
The 1971 Cupa României final was the 33rd final of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition. It was disputed between Steaua București and Dinamo București, and was won by Steaua București after a game with 5 goals. It was the 11th cup for Steaua București.
Jens Juel (painter)
Jens Juel (12 May 1745 – 27 December 1802) was a Danish painter, primarily known for his many portraits, of which the largest collection is on display at Frederiksborg Castle. He is regarded as the leading Danish portrait painter of the 18th century.

Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts
The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts (Danish: Det Kongelige Danske Kunstakademi - Billedkunst Skolerne) has provided education in the arts for more than 250 years, playing its part in the development of the art of Denmark.
Jim Ward (voice actor)
James Kevin Ward (May 19, 1959 – December 10, 2025) was an American voice actor and radio personality. He was best known for his roles as Doug Dimmadome and Chet Ubetcha in The Fairly OddParents (2001–2017), Captain Qwark in the Ratchet & Clank franchise (2002–2016), and XLR8, Diamondhead, and Wildvine in Ben 10 (2005–2008), as well as portraying Jack Krauser in Resident Evil 4 (2005). In radio, he was best known for his tenure on The Stephanie Miller Show.

Wolverine and the X-Men (TV series)
Wolverine and the X-Men is an American superhero animated series produced by Marvel Studios. It is the fourth animated adaptation of the X-Men characters. In the show, Wolverine attempts to reassemble the X-Men and becomes their new leader, following a devastating incident that led to the disappearances of both Jean Grey and Charles Xavier.
Ilidža
Ilidža (Serbian Cyrillic: Илиџа, pronounced [i.lǐ.dʒa]) is a spa town and a municipality located in Sarajevo Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It has a total population of 66,730 with 63,528 in Ilidža itself, and is a chief suburb of Sarajevo and de facto its neighborhood. It is best known for the Vrelo Bosne spring, as well as the natural environment of its surroundings and historical tradition dating back to Neolithic times. Sarajevo International Airport is located nearby.

Ermedin Demirović
Ermedin Demirović (pronounced [ermědin děmiroʋitɕ]; born 25 March 1998) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for Bundesliga club VfB Stuttgart. Born in Germany, he plays for the Bosnia and Herzegovina national team.

Demirović started his professional career at RB Leipzig, playing mainly in its reserve team, before joining Alavés in 2017. He was loaned to Sochaux in 2018, to Almería in 2019 and to St. Gallen later that year. In 2020, he moved to SC Freiburg. Two years later, Demirović signed with FC Augsburg. In 2024, he was transferred to VfB Stuttgart.

A former youth international for Bosnia and Herzegovina, Demirović made his senior international debut in 2021, earning over 30 caps since.
Dōtaku
Dōtaku (銅鐸) are richly decorated Japanese bells cast in bronze. They were used for about 400 years, between the second century BCE and the second century CE (corresponding to the end of the Yayoi period), and were used almost exclusively as decorations during rituals. They were richly decorated with patterns representing nature and animals, among which the dragonfly, praying mantis and spider are featured. Historians believe that dōtaku were used to pray for good harvests, as the animals featured are natural enemies of insect pests that attack paddy fields.

The Yasu City History and Folklore Museum in Yasu, Shiga Prefecture, Japan (nicknamed the "dōtaku museum") has a permanent exhibition devoted to the bells.

Yayoi pottery
Yayoi pottery (弥生土器 Yayoi doki) is earthenware pottery produced during the Yayoi period, an Iron Age era in the history of Japan traditionally dated 300 BC to AD 300. The pottery allowed for the identification of the Yayoi period and its primary features such as agriculture and social structure.
Rolpa District
28°22′N 082°33′E﻿ / ﻿28.367°N 82.550°E﻿ / 28.367; 82.550﻿ (Rolpa District, Nepal)

Rolpa (Nepali: रोल्पा जिल्ला)Listenⓘ, is a "hill" district in Lumbini Province of Nepal. Rolpa district covers an area of 1,879 km2 (725 sq mi) with population (2011) of 221,177.  Rolpa town is the district's administrative center.

The various grievances of Rolpa's population made the district ripe for revolt.  It became a "Maoist Stronghold" of the Communist Party of Nepal.  In May 2002 a major battle between Maoist guerrillas and the army was fought at Lisne Lekh near the Rolpa-Pyuthan border.

2021 Nepal census
The 2021 Nepal Census was the twelfth nationwide census of Nepal conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics. The census was originally scheduled from 8 June to 22 June 2021, but was postponed to November 2021 due to a surge in COVID-19 cases.
Baptismal font
A baptismal font is an ecclesiastical architectural element, which serves as a receptacle for baptismal water used for baptism, as a part of Christian initiation for both rites of infant and adult baptism.

Hall church
A hall church is a church with a nave and aisles of approximately equal height. In England, Flanders and the Netherlands, it is covered by parallel roofs, typically, one for each vessel, whereas in Germany there is often one single immense roof. The term was invented in the mid-19th century by Wilhelm Lübke, a pioneering German art historian. In contrast to an architectural basilica, where the nave is lit from above by the clerestory, a hall church is lit by the windows of the side walls typically spanning almost the full height of the interior.
Oghuz District
Oghuz District (Azerbaijani: Oğuz rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the north of the country in the Shaki-Zagatala Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Shaki, Qabala, Agdash, and the Russian Republic of Dagestan. Its capital and largest city is Oghuz. As of 2020, the district had a population of 44,700.

Qusar District
41°25′N 48°26′E﻿ / ﻿41.417°N 48.433°E﻿ / 41.417; 48.433

Qusar District (Gusar District; Azerbaijani: Qusar rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the northeast of the country, in the Guba-Khachmaz Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Quba, Qabala, Khachmaz, and the Russian Republic of Dagestan. Its capital and largest city is Qusar. As of 2020, the district had a population of 99,000.
Saint Peter, Guernsey
St Peter's (Guernesiais: Saint Pierre), known officially as Saint Pierre du Bois (English: "St. Peter in the Wood"), is a parish in Guernsey.  It is the centre for the Guernsey Western Parishes which includes Torteval, St Saviour's and the Forest.

The old Guernesiais nickname for people from Saint Pierre was etcherbaots which means beetles.

The postal code for street addresses in this parish begins with GY7.

St Peter's won the Britain in Bloom small coastal prize in 2015. and a gold medal in the 2016 Champion of Champions competition.

Castel, Guernsey
Castel /kætel/ (Guernésiais: Lé Casté; French: Sainte-Marie-du-Câtel) is the largest parish in Guernsey in terms of area.

The parish has clear evidence of changes in ancient sea-levels, with trunks of an oak forest visible on Vazon beach at very low tide and at 8 m (26 ft) above sea level an ancient beach.: 139

The old Guernésiais nickname for people from Castel was ânes pur sàng.

The parish plays host to both Le Viaër Marchi and the North Show which includes the Battle of Flowers annually. It also produces a regular magazine called Castel Matters.

The postal code for street addresses in this parish begins with GY5.
Teatro Regio (Turin)
The Teatro Regio (Royal Theatre) is a prominent opera house and opera company in Turin, Piedmont, Italy. Its season runs from October to June with the presentation of eight or nine operas given from five to twelve performances of each.

Several buildings provided venues for operatic productions in Turin from the mid-16th century, but it was not until 1713 that a proper opera house was considered, and under the architect Filippo Juvarra planning began. However, the cornerstone was not laid until the reign of Charles Emmanuel III in 1738 after Juvarra's death. The work was supervised by Benedetto Alfieri until the theatre was completed and decorated by Bernardino Galliari.

Puccini premiered his La Bohème in 1896 in the Teatro Regio.

RAI National Symphony Orchestra
The RAI National Symphony Orchestra (Italian: Orchestra Sinfonica Nazionale della RAI) is an Italian symphony radio orchestra, owned by the public radio and television company RAI. Its primary concert venue is the Auditorium RAI in the Piazza Rossaro in Turin. Its concerts are broadcast on Rai Radio 3. The current artistic director is Ernesto Schiavi.

The orchestra was formed in 1994 by the merger of four former RAI orchestras of Turin, Milan, Rome, and Naples, which had been founded starting in 1931.
Manohla Dargis
Manohla June Dargis (/məˈnoʊlə ˈdɑːrɡɪs/ mə-NOH-lə DAR-ghiss) is an American film critic. She is the chief film critic for The New York Times. She is a five-time finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for Criticism.

Ignatiy Vishnevetsky
Ignatiy Igorevich Vishnevetsky (/ɪɡˈnɑːti ˌvɪʃnəˈvɛtski/; Russian: Игнатий Игоревич Вишневецкий; born September 5, 1986) is a Russian-American film critic, essayist, and columnist. He has worked as a staff film critic for The A.V. Club and written for Mubi.com and the Chicago Reader.

Vishnevetsky co-hosted Roger Ebert Presents: At the Movies, a nationally syndicated film criticism television show, with Christy Lemire.
West Riding of Yorkshire
The West Riding of Yorkshire is one of three historic subdivisions of Yorkshire, England. From 1889 to 1974 the riding was an administrative county named County of York, West Riding. The lieutenancy at that time included the city of York and as such was named "West Riding of the County of York and the County of the City of York". The riding ceased to be used for administrative purposes in 1974, when England's local government was reformed.

Contemporary local government boundaries in Yorkshire largely do not follow those of the riding. All of South Yorkshire (except Finningley) and West Yorkshire were historically within its boundaries, as were the south-western areas of North Yorkshire (including Ripon), the Sedbergh area of Cumbria, the Barnoldswick and Slaidburn areas of Lancashire, the Saddleworth area of Greater Manchester and the part of the East Riding of Yorkshire around Goole and southwest of the River Ouse.

Kirkby Overblow
Kirkby Overblow is a village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It is situated between Wetherby and Harrogate and lies to the west of Sicklinghall and the east of Leeds Bradford International Airport.
Its parish church is All Saints' Church, Kirkby Overblow. and a Church of England primary school affiliated with the church.

In January 2023, The Daily Telegraph, based on research by Savills, listed Kirkby Overblow as one of Britain's "54 poshest villages".

The parish includes the hamlet of Dunkeswick, some 
2 miles (3 km) south west of the village.