hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2021 U Sports football season
The 2021 U Sports football season began on August 28, 2021, with the Sherbrooke Vert et Or hosting the Montreal Carabins in Sherbrooke, Quebec. The Atlantic University Sport conference began play on September 17, 2021, and ten Ontario University Athletics teams opened their seasons on September 18, 2021. The Canada West conference began their regular season last with all six teams playing on September 25, 2021. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, all conferences except the RSEQ played six regular season games while the RSEQ played eight.

The conference championships were played on the weekend of November 20 and the season concluded on December 4 with the 56th Vanier Cup championship, with the Western Mustangs defeating the Saskatchewan Huskies by a score of 27–21. 27 university teams in Canada played U Sports football this season, the highest level of amateur Canadian football.

2022 U Sports football season
The 2022 U Sports football season began on August 27, 2022, with four Atlantic University Sport teams, four RSEQ teams, and ten Ontario University Athletics teams opening their schedules that day. The six Canada West teams began their schedules one week later with two games on September 2 and one on September 3.

The conference championships were played on the weekend of November 12, 2022, and the season concluded on November 26, 2022, with the 57th Vanier Cup championship, which returned to the pre-pandemic scheduling used in 2019. The championship game was played at Western Alumni Stadium in London, Ontario for the first time in the game's history. 27 university teams in Canada played U Sports football, the highest level of amateur Canadian football.
Iraqi Turkmens
The Iraqi Turkmens (Turkish: Irak Türkmenleri, عراق تورکمنلری; Arabic: تركمان العراق), also referred to as Iraqi Turks, (Turkish: Irak Türkleri, عراق توركلری; Arabic: أتراك العراق) are the third largest ethnic group in Iraq. Their traditional homeland is in northern Iraq, with Kirkuk considered by them as their capital. They have close cultural ties with Turkey, and are closely related to Syrian Turkmen. Iraqi Turkmens in Iraq do not identify with the traditionally-nomadic Turkmens of Central Asia.

Circassians in Iraq
Circassians in Iraq refer to people born in or residing in Iraq, that are of Circassian origin. Like all Iraqis, Circassians in Iraq faced various hardships in the modern era, as Iraq suffered wars, sanctions, oppressive regimes, and civil strife.
White River State Park
White River State Park is an urban park in downtown Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. Situated along the eastern and western banks of its namesake White River, the park covers 267 acres (108 ha). The park is home to numerous attractions, including the Eiteljorg Museum of American Indians and Western Art, the Indiana State Museum, the Indianapolis Zoo, the NCAA Hall of Champions, Victory Field, Everwise Amphitheater, and White River Gardens.

The park and Downtown Canal comprise one of the city's official cultural districts, designated as Canal and White River State Park.

Mass Ave Cultural Arts District
The Mass Ave Cultural Arts District, colloquially known as Mass Ave, is a designated cultural district in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. The district centers on 0.86 miles (1.38 km) of its namesake Massachusetts Avenue, from its southern terminus at New York and Delaware streets to its northern terminus at Bellefontaine Street. The avenue is one of the four original diagonal streets included in Alexander Ralston's plan of 1821. Mass Ave also contains the Massachusetts Avenue Commercial District, a historic district included on the National Register of Historic Places since 1982.

Beginning in the 1990s, redevelopment helped propel the area from squalor to one of the city's more fashionable addresses. Today it lies at the heart of the city's unofficial theater district, home to the Athenaeum and Old National Centre. Dozens of locally owned and operated boutiques, bars, restaurants, and commercial offices line the avenue.
Joanna Baillie
Joanna Baillie (11 September 1762 – 23 February 1851) was a Scottish poet and dramatist, known for such works as Plays on the Passions (three volumes, 1798–1812) and Fugitive Verses (1840). Her work shows an interest in moral philosophy and the Gothic. She was critically acclaimed in her lifetime, and while living in Hampstead, associated with contemporary writers such as Anna Barbauld, Lucy Aikin, and Walter Scott. She died at the age of 88.

Closet drama
A closet drama is a play that is not intended to be performed onstage, but read by a solitary reader. The earliest use of the term recorded by the Oxford English Dictionary is in 1813. The literary historian Henry A. Beers in 1907 considered closet drama "a quite legitimate product of literary art."
Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti
The Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti (Bengali: পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রাম জনসংহতি সমিতি; United People's Committee of the Chittagong Hill Tracts; abbreviated PCJSS) is a left-wing political party in Bangladesh formed to represent minority communities and small tribes of the Chittagong Hill Tracts. Since its inception in 1972, the PCJSS has fought for autonomy and the recognition of the ethnic identity and rights of the tribes of the Hill Tracts. Its former armed wing, the Shanti Bahini (now disbanded) was used to fight government forces and Bengali Muslim settlers in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. A peace accord was signed in 1997 led to the disarmament of the Shanti Bahini and enabled the PCJSS to return to mainstream politics.

Jumma people
The term Jumma (from Jhum cultivation, Bengali: জুম্ম), also called Pahari (Bengali: পাহাড়ি, lit. 'Hill people') by Bengalis, usually refers to the indigenous tribal peoples of the Chittagong Hill Tracts region of Bangladesh. They include the Chakma, Arakanese (Rakhine), Marma, Tripuri, Tanchangya, Chak, Pankho, Mru, Bawm, Lushai, Khyang, and Khumi.

With the exception of the relatively well-integrated Chakma and Tanchangya, most of the peoples referring themselves Jumma are native speakers of Tibeto-Burman languages, unrelated to the Bengali language spoken by ethnic Bengalis. They are religiously and culturally distinct as well, with most being Buddhists, some Hindus, and some being converted Christians and Muslims. In addition, they have retained some traditional religious practices.
1928 Palestine Cup
The 1928 People's Cup (Hebrew: גביע העם, Gvia HaAm) was the first season of Israeli Football Association's nationwide football cup competition. Matches began on 7 April 1928 and the final was played on 26 May 1928.

Hapoel Allenby Tel Aviv won the cup, beating Maccabi Hasmonean Jerusalem 2–0 in the final. However, the Jerusalem club appealed to the F.A., claiming that a Hapoel player, Moshe Meir was not registered. The appeal was accepted and the teams were ordered to share the cup.

1934 Palestine Cup
The 1934 Palestine Cup (Hebrew: הגביע הארץ-ישראלי, HaGavia HaEretz-Israeli) was the sixth season of Israeli Football Association's nationwide football cup competition. The defending holders were Maccabi Tel Aviv.

For the second year in a row, Maccabi Tel Aviv and Hapoel Tel Aviv met in the final. This time the winners were Hapoel Tel Aviv, winning their second final.
Liu Ling (poet)
Liu Ling (Chinese: 劉伶), born 221 and died 300 CE, was a Chinese poet and scholar.  Little information survives about his family background, though he is described in historical sources as short and unattractive, with a dissipated appearance.

Ruan Xian
Ruan Xian (fl. 3rd century), courtesy name Zhongrong, was a Chinese scholar who lived in the Six Dynasties period. One of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove, he was a skilled player of the Chinese lute, an old version of pipa which has been called ruan after his name since the Tang dynasty. His achievement in music reached such high as to be described as "divine understanding" in the Book of Jin. Ruan Xian had a Xianbei slave who gave birth to his son, Ruan Fu.
Brownlow Medal
The Charles Brownlow Trophy, better known as the Brownlow Medal (and informally as Charlie), is awarded to the best and fairest player in the Australian Football League (AFL) during the home-and-away season, as determined by votes cast by the four officiating field umpires after each game. It is the most prestigious award for individual players in the AFL.

The medal was first awarded by the Victorian Football League (VFL). It was created and named in honour of Charles Brownlow, a former Geelong Football Club footballer (1880–1891) and club secretary (1885–1923), and VFL president (1918–19), who had died in January 1924 after an extended illness.

Graham Teasdale
Graham Teasdale (born 26 June 1955) is a former Australian rules football player who played for the Richmond Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL) between 1972 and 1975, for the South Melbourne Football Club from 1975 to 1981 and then for the Collingwood Football Club from 1982 to 1984.

While at Richmond, Teasdale played mainly in the under 19s, where he was one of the leading goalkickers, and in the reserves side. But the move to the Swans in 1975 saw him establish himself as a senior player. In his best season, 1977, Teasdale won the South Melbourne best and fairest and the Brownlow Medal with the highest score of 59 votes.
Rangers F.C. (Superleague Formula team)
Rangers FC Superleague Formula team was the open wheel single seater motor racing team of Rangers. The Rangers racing team competes in the Superleague Formula. It has been operated by Alan Docking Racing for all seasons, although Team West-Tec operated the Rangers team in 2008 pre-season. The car was revealed outside Ibrox Stadium with the Rangers first team present, including manager Walter Smith.
Rangers Football Club had a team in the Superleague Formula race car series. The Rangers F.C. team had been operated by Alan Docking Racing. In 2008 Ryan Dalziel drove for Rangers F.C. in the team's maiden season. James Walker also drove for the team in one round of the 2008 season and posted their best result, a fourth-place finish.

FC Porto (Superleague Formula team)
F.C. Porto Superleague Formula team was the racing team of F.C. Porto, a football team that competes in Portugal in the Portuguese Liga. F.C. Porto racing team competed in the Superleague Formula. They were operated by Alan Docking Racing in the 2008 season, by Hitech Junior Team in the 2009 season and by Atech GP/Reid Motorsport in the 2010 season.
16-bit computing
In computer architecture, 16-bit integers, memory addresses, or other data units are those that are  16 bits (2 octets) wide.  Also, 16-bit central processing unit (CPU) and arithmetic logic unit (ALU) architectures are those that are based on registers, address buses, or data buses of that size. 16-bit microcomputers are microcomputers that use 16-bit microprocessors.

A 16-bit register can store 216 different values. The range of integer values that can be stored in 16 bits depends on the integer representation used. With the two most common representations, the range is 0 through 65,535 (216 − 1) for representation as an (unsigned) binary number, and −32,768 (−1 × 215) through 32,767 (215 − 1) for representation as two's complement. Since 216 is 65,536, a processor with 16-bit memory addresses can directly access 64 KiB (65,536 bytes) of byte-addressable memory. If a system uses segmentation with 16-bit segment offsets, more can be accessed.

Computer architecture
In computer science and computer engineering, a computer architecture is the structure of a computer system made from component parts. It can sometimes be a high-level description that ignores details of the implementation. At a more detailed level, the description may include the instruction set architecture design, microarchitecture design, logic design, and implementation.
Jing Boran
Jing Boran (Chinese: 井柏然; pinyin: Jǐng Bórán; born 19 April 1989) or Bobo Jing, is a Chinese actor and singer who achieved popularity after becoming the champion at the 2007 talent contest My Hero. Along with the third-place winner Fu Xinbo, he formed a boy band called BoBo. Since 2008, Jing has appeared on a series of films and televisions. He is known for his leading roles in Chinese films Monster Hunt (2015), Time Raiders (2016), Us and Them (2018) and The Shadow Play (2019).

Angelababy
Angela Yeung Wing (Chinese: 杨颖; pinyin: Yáng Yǐng; born 28 February 1989), better known by her stage name Angelababy, is a Chinese singer, model and actress. In 2013, she was chosen by Southern Metropolis Entertainment Weekly as one of the New Four Dan Actresses. In 2016, she won the Hundred Flowers Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in the film Mojin: The Lost Legend. She was a cast member of variety show Keep Running from 2014 to 2023.
Districts of Ethiopia
Districts of Ethiopia, also called woredas (Amharic: ወረዳ; Oromo: woreda), are the third level of the administrative divisions of Ethiopia – after zones and the regional states.

These districts are further subdivided into a number of wards called kebele neighbourhood associations, which are the smallest unit of local government in Ethiopia.

Meinit Shasha
Meinit Shasha is one of the woredas in the South West Ethiopia Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Bench Maji Zone, Meinit Shasha is bordered on the south by Maji, on the southwest by Bero, on the west by Guraferda, on the north by Debub Bench and Meinit Goldiya, on the east by the Keffa Zone, and on the southeast by the Omo River which separates it from the Debub Omo Zone. Towns in Meinit Shasha include Jemu. Meinit Shasha was part of former Meinit woreda.

The part of this woreda which lies within 15 kilometers of the Omo is included in the Omo National Park.
Martynas Mažvydas
Martynas Mažvydas (1510 – 21 May 1563) was a Protestant author who edited the first printed book in the Lithuanian language.

Variants of his name include Martinus Masvidius, Martinus Maszwidas, M. Mossuids Waytkūnas, Mastwidas, Mažvydas, Mosvidius, Maswidsche, and Mossvid Vaitkuna.

Mikalojus Daukša
Mikalojus Daukša (other possible spellings include Mikalojus Daugsza, Polish: Mikołaj Dauksza and Mikolay Dowksza; after 1527 – 16 February 1613 in Medininkai) was a Lithuanian and Latin religious writer, translator and a Lithuanian Catholic Church official. He is best known as the first among Lithuania's humanists to underline the need to codify and promote the Lithuanian language over Chancery Ruthenian and Polish, which were in use in the Grand Duchy at the time. Furthermore, Daukša preached the ideas of Counter-Reformation and Renaissance humanism.

Daukša's Lithuanian translation of Jacob Ledesma's catechism (1595) became the first book in Lithuanian to be published in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 2007, Daukša's translated catechism of Jacob Ledesma was included into the UNESCO's Lithuanian National Memory of the World Register and its copy is kept in the Vilnius University Library.
Gračanica Monastery
The Gračanica Monastery (Serbian: Манастир Грачаница, romanized: Manastir Gračanica; Albanian: Manastiri i Graçanicës) is a Serbian Orthodox monastery located in Kosovo. It was built by the Serbian king Stefan Milutin in 1321. The monastery was declared a Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance in 1990, and on 13 July 2006 it was placed on UNESCO's World Heritage List under the name of Medieval Monuments in Kosovo as an extension of the Visoki Dečani site, which was overall placed on the List of World Heritage in Danger.

The Gračanica Monastery is one of King Milutin's last monumental endowments. The monastery is located in Gračanica, a Serbian enclave in the close vicinity of Lipjan, the old residence of bishops of Lipljan.

St. Mark's Church, Belgrade
The St. Mark's Church or the Church of St. Mark (Serbian Cyrillic: Црква Светог Марка, romanized: Crkva Svetog Marka) is a Serbian Orthodox church located in the Tašmajdan park in Belgrade, Serbia, near the Parliament of Serbia. It was built in the Serbo-Byzantine style by the Krstić brothers, completed in 1940, on the site of a previous church dating to 1835. It is one of the largest churches in the country. There is a small Russian Orthodox church, the Church of the Holy Trinity, next to St. Mark's.
Cilicia
Cilicia (/sɪˈlɪʃə/, sil-ISH-ə) is a geographical region of southern Anatolia in West Asia, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. Cilicia borders Pamphylia to the west, Lycaonia and Cappadocia to the north, Commagene to the north-east, Syria to the east and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Cilicia has a population ranging over six million, concentrated mostly at the Cilician plain (Turkish: Çukurova). The region includes the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.

Battle of Ipsus
The Battle of Ipsus (Ancient Greek: Ἱψός) was fought between some of the Diadochi (the successors of Alexander the Great) in 301 BC near the town of Ipsus in Phrygia. Antigonus I Monophthalmus, the Greek Macedonian ruler of large parts of Asia, and his son Demetrius were pitted against the coalition of three other successors of Alexander: Cassander, ruler of Macedon; Lysimachus, ruler of Thrace; and Seleucus I Nicator, ruler of Babylonia and Persia.
Chiefdom
A chiefdom is a political organization of people represented or governed by a chief. Chiefdoms have been discussed, depending on their scope, as a stateless, state analogue or early state system or institution.

Usually a chief's position is based on kinship, which is often monopolized by the legitimate senior members of select families or 'houses'. These elites can form a political-ideological aristocracy relative to the general group.

Chiefdoms and chiefs are sometimes identified as the same as kingdoms and kings, and therefore understood as monarchies, particularly when they are understood as not necessarily states, but having monarchic representation or government.

Ariki
An ariki (New Zealand, Cook Islands), ꞌariki (Easter Island), aliki (Tokelau, Tuvalu), ali‘i (Samoa, Hawai‘i), ari'i (Society Islands, Tahiti), aiki or hakaiki (Marquesas Islands), akariki (Gambier Islands) or ‘eiki (Tonga) is or was a member of a hereditary chiefly or noble rank in Polynesia.
Ramsbottom United F.C.
Ramsbottom United Football Club are an English football club based in Ramsbottom, Greater Manchester. Nicknamed "The Rams", they currently compete in the North West Counties League Premier Division and play their home matches at the Harry Williams Riverside Stadium, Acrebottom, Ramsbottom. They are full members of the Lancashire County Football Association.

2014–15 Northern Premier League
The 2014–15 season was the 47th season of the Northern Premier League Premier Division, and the eighth season of the Northern Premier League Division One North and South. 
The league sponsors for 2014–15 were Evo-Stik.
Didi 10
The Didi 10 (Georgian: დიდი 10, "Big 10") is a professional domestic rugby union club competition in Georgia. For sponsorship reasons the league is known as the Crocobet Didi 10. It is the top tier of rugby competition in the country.

Black Lion (rugby union)
The Black Lion (Georgian: შავი ლომი Shavi Lomi) is a professional Georgian rugby union team based in Tbilisi that competes annually in the Rugby Europe Super Cup .

They also competed in the Currie Cup First Division in South Africa in 2022.  Black Lion competed in the European Challenge Cup, the second tier of European club rugby, during the 2023-24 season as an invited team along with the Cheetahs.
Bhil
Bhil or Bheel are various indigenous groups inhabiting western India, including parts of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh and are also found in distant places such as Bengal and Tripura. Though they now speak the Bhili language, an Indo-Aryan language, the  aboriginal language that the Bhil originally spoke is lost. Bhils are divided into a number of endogamous territorial divisions, which in turn have a number of clans and lineages.

Bhils are listed as tribal people in the states of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan—all in the western Deccan regions and central India—as well as in Bengal and Tripura in far-eastern India, on the border with Bangladesh. Many Bhils speak the dominant language of the region they reside in, such as Marathi, Gujarati or Bengali.

Meghwal people
The Meghwal or Meghwar (also known as  Megh and Meghraj) people live primarily in northwest India, with a small population in Pakistan. Their traditional occupation was agricultural farming, cattle-herding and weaving. Meghwals are known for their contribution to embroidery and the textile industry. Most are Hindu by religion, with Rishi Megh, Kabir, Ramdev Pir and Bankar Mataji as their chief gods.
Lifetime (TV channel)
Lifetime is an American basic cable channel that is part of Lifetime Entertainment Services, a subsidiary of A+E Global Media, which is jointly owned by Hearst Communications and the Walt Disney Company. It features programming that is geared toward women or features women in lead roles.
As of November 2023, Lifetime is available to approximately 63,000,000 pay television households in the United States, down from its 2011 peak of 100,000,000 households.

As of November 2023, Lifetime has garnered nominations for 63 Emmy Awards, 8 Golden Globe Awards and 20 Critics' Choice Movie Awards.

Gail O'Grady
Gail Ann O'Grady (born January 23, 1963) is an American actress and producer, best known for her roles on television. Her roles include Donna Abandando in the ABC police drama NYPD Blue, and Helen Pryor in the NBC drama series American Dreams. O'Grady is also well known for her lead roles in a number of television movies. She has been nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award three times.
1901 Italian Football Championship
The 1901 Italian Football Championship was the fourth edition of that competition. Milan were Italian champions for the first time, ending Genoa's run of having won all three previous editions of the competition.

1907 Prima Categoria
The 1907 Prima Categoria was the tenth edition of the Italian Football Championship and the fourth since the re-brand to Prima Categoria. The Italian football championship was won that year for the third time by AC Milan, retaining their title from the previous year.
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis (/haɪˈdrɒlɪsɪs/; from Ancient Greek  hydro- 'water' and  lysis 'to unbind') is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds. The term is used broadly for substitution and elimination reactions in which water is the nucleophile.

Biological hydrolysis is the cleavage of biomolecules where a water molecule is consumed to effect the separation of a larger molecule into component parts. When a carbohydrate is broken into its component sugar molecules by hydrolysis (e.g., sucrose being broken down into glucose and fructose), this is recognized as saccharification.

Hydrolysis reactions can be the reverse of a condensation reaction in which two molecules join into a larger one and eject a water molecule. Thus hydrolysis adds water to break down molecules, whereas condensation joins molecules through the removal of water.

Acid catalysis
In acid catalysis and base catalysis, a chemical reaction is catalyzed by an acid or a base. By Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, the acid is the proton (hydrogen ion, H+) donor and the base is the proton acceptor. Typical reactions catalyzed by proton transfer are esterifications and aldol reactions. In these reactions, the conjugate acid of the carbonyl group is a better electrophile than the neutral carbonyl group itself. Depending on the chemical species that act as the acid or base, catalytic mechanisms can be classified as either specific catalysis and general catalysis. Many enzymes operate by general catalysis.