hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
East Prussian offensive
The East Prussian offensive was a strategic offensive by the Soviet Red Army against the German Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front of World War II. It lasted from 13 January to 25 April 1945, though some German units did not surrender until the country did on 9 May. The Battle of Königsberg was a major part of the offensive, which ended in victory for the Red Army.

The East Prussian offensive is known to German historians as the second East Prussian offensive. The first East Prussian offensive (also known as the Gumbinnen Operation), took place from 16 to 27 October 1944, and was carried out by the 3rd Belorussian Front under General  I.D. Chernyakhovsky as part of the Memel offensive of the 1st Baltic Front. The Soviet forces took heavy casualties while penetrating 30–60 km (19–37 mi) into the east-northern part of Poland, and the offensive was postponed until greater reserves could be gathered.

Courland Pocket
The Courland Pocket was a pocket located on the Courland Peninsula in Latvia on the Eastern Front of World War II from 9 October 1944 to 10 May 1945.

Army Group North of the Wehrmacht were surrounded in western Latvia by the Red Army after the Baltic Offensive, when forces of the 1st Baltic Front reached the Baltic Sea near Memel (Klaipėda) after the collapse of Army Group Centre during Operation Bagration. Army Group North retreated to the Courland Pocket and was renamed Army Group Courland on 25 January, holding off six Red Army offensives until the German Instrument of Surrender was signed on 8 May 1945. Army Group Courland were in a communication "blackout" and did not get the official order until 10 May, becoming one of the last German groups to surrender in Europe.
Working dog
A working dog is a dog used to perform practical tasks, as opposed to pet or companion dogs.

Definitions vary on what a working dog is, they are sometimes described as any dog trained for and employed in meaningful work; other times as any dog whose breed heritage or physical characteristics lend itself to working irrespective of an individual animal's training or employment; and other times again it is used as a synonym for herding dog.

Toy dog
Toy dog traditionally refers to a very small dog or a grouping of small breeds of dog. A toy dog may be of any of various dog types. Types of dogs referred to as toy dogs may include spaniels,  pinschers and terriers that have been bred down in size. Not all toy dogs are lap dogs.
Conseil des écoles publiques de l'Est de l'Ontario
The Conseil des écoles publiques de l'Est de l'Ontario, also widely known as CEPEO, is the public school board responsible for education in the French language in Eastern Ontario, including the Ottawa area. The board consists of 12 trustees elected every 4 years during municipal elections in Ontario and 2 student trustees elected every year. The area in which the board operates covers 40,314 km2 of Ontario. It employs more than 3000 employees, the majority being teachers.

Its headquarters are in Ottawa.

The board was created January 1, 1998, when the Government of Ontario decided to create 12 French school boards across Ontario. The CEPEO is a member of the Association des conseils des écoles publique de l'Ontario (ACÉPO).

Formerly, the Conseil des écoles publiques de l'Est de l'Ontario was officially known as the Conseil de district des écoles publiques de langue française no 59.

Ottawa Catholic School Board
The Ottawa Catholic School Board (OCSB, known as English-language Separate District School Board No. 53 prior to 1999) is a school board in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Its headquarters are in the Nepean area of Ottawa.

It employs approximately 5,000 people part-time and full-time equivalents and operates more than 90 schools in the greater Ottawa area, with a total student population of approximately 50,000. Before 2007, the board was known as Ottawa-Carleton Catholic School Board (OCCSB) and its two former boards prior to 1998, Carleton Roman Catholic Separate School Board (CRCSSB) and  Ottawa Roman Catholic Separate School Board (ORCSSB).
Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)
The Kingdom of Italy (Italian: Regno d'Italia; French: Royaume d'Italie) was a kingdom in Northern Italy (formerly the Italian Republic) that was a client state of Napoleon's French Empire. It was fully influenced by revolutionary France and ended with Napoleon's defeat and fall. Its government was assumed by Napoleon as King of Italy and the viceroyalty delegated to his stepson Eugène de Beauharnais. It covered some of Piedmont and the modern regions of Lombardy, Veneto, Emilia-Romagna, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Trentino, South Tyrol, and Marche. Napoleon I also ruled the rest of northern and central Italy in the form of Nice, Aosta, Piedmont, Liguria, Tuscany, Umbria, and Lazio, but directly as part of the French Empire (as departments), rather than as part of a vassal state.

At its peak, the kingdom covered 84,000 square kilometers and had a population of 6.5 million.

Sister republic
Sister republics (French: république sœur, pronounced [ʁepyblik sœʁ] ⓘ) were satellite states of the French Republic set up in the territories captured by the victorious French Army during the French Revolutionary Wars; like their protector, they were revolutionary republics. This became particularly evident after the First French Empire was established in 1804, after which France annexed several sister republics and transformed the remainder into monarchies ruled by members of the House of Bonaparte.
Brooklyn Wanderers
The Brooklyn Wanderers was a U.S. soccer team which was a founding member of the National Association Football League in the late nineteenth century.  Later versions joined the original American Soccer League and the reorganized American Soccer League.

Pawtucket Rangers
J. & P. Coats was an American soccer club founded in 1900 as the team of the Pawtucket, Rhode Island branch of the J. & P. Coats threadmaking company of Paisley, Scotland (following a 1952 merger this firm became part of the Coats Group).

The club played won the Rhode Island League in 1914 then was an inaugural member of the semi-pro Southern New England Soccer League. The club then joined the professional American Soccer League as an inaugural member.

After the first half of the 1928/29 season, the team ran into financial trouble and was bought by new management. The new owners renamed the team the Pawtucket Rangers.

The club left the original ASL sometime after the 1932 fall season and joined the New England Division of the new ASL that was formed in 1933/34.

The team won the Times Cup in 1919.
Lower Mainland
The Lower Mainland is a geographic and cultural region of the mainland coast of the Canadian province of British Columbia that generally comprises the regional districts of Metro Vancouver and the Fraser Valley. Home to approximately 3.05 million people as of the 2021 Canadian census, the Lower Mainland contains sixteen of the province's 30 most populous municipalities and approximately 60% of the province's total population.

The region was historically occupied by the Sto:lo, a Halkomelem-speaking people of the Coast Salish linguistic and cultural grouping.

Burrard Peninsula
The Burrard Peninsula (Squamish: Ulksen) is a peninsula in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia, Canada, bounded by the Burrard Inlet to the north, the Georgia Strait to the west, the North Arm of Fraser River to the south, and the Pitt River and Douglas Island to the east. The City of Vancouver occupies almost all of the western half of the peninsula, and the Cities of Burnaby and New Westminster occupy more than half of the eastern half. At its northeastern end, the peninsula is connected to the Eagle Mountain and Mount Burke of the Coast Mountains via a small isthmus at the center of the Tri-Cities.

The Salish name for the Burrard Peninsula as a whole — or rather, for the long rise of land from Point Grey to Central Park — was Ulksen or Ulxen (Halkomelem: ʔəlqsən). The name Burrard Peninsula is rarely used in casual reference to the area among locals, who favour naming a specific community or neighbourhood therein.
2024 Billie Jean King Cup
The 2024 Billie Jean King Cup was the 61st edition of the Billie Jean King Cup, a tournament between national teams in women's tennis. Italy defeated Slovakia in the final. It was their fifth title, but first since 2013.

2025 Billie Jean King Cup
The 2025 Billie Jean King Cup was the 62nd edition of the Billie Jean King Cup, a tournament between national teams in women's tennis.
Defending champions Italy defeated United States 2-0 in the final.
Categories of New Testament manuscripts
New Testament manuscripts in Greek can be categorized into five theoretical groups, according to a schema introduced in 1981 by Kurt and Barbara Aland in The Text of the New Testament. The categories are based on how each manuscript relates to the various theorized text-types.: 381  Generally speaking, earlier Alexandrian manuscripts are category I, while later Byzantine manuscripts are category V.: 381–382  Aland's method involved considering 1000 passages where the Byzantine text differs from non-Byzantine text. The Alands did not select their 1000 readings from all of the NT books; for example, none were drawn from Matthew and Luke.

Minuscule 16
Minuscule 16 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 449 (Soden). It is a diglot Greek-Latin minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on 361 parchment leaves 31.6 cm × 25.2 cm (12.4 in × 9.9 in), dated palaeographically to the 14th-century. It has full marginalia and was prepared for liturgical use.
Siegfried (opera)
Siegfried (German: [ˈziːk.fʀiːt] ⓘ), WWV 86C, is the third of the four epic music dramas that constitute Richard Wagner's cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen (English: The Ring of the Nibelung). It premiered at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus on 16 August 1876, as part of the first complete performance of The Ring cycle.

The autograph manuscript of the work is preserved in the Richard Wagner Foundation.

Bayreuth
Bayreuth (German pronunciation: [ˈbaɪʁɔʏt] ⓘ or [baɪˈʁɔʏt] ⓘ; Upper Franconian: Bareid, pronounced [ba(ː)ˈɾaɪ̯t]) is a town in northern Bavaria, Germany, on the Red Main river in a valley between the Franconian Jura and the Fichtel Mountains. The town's roots date back to 1194. In the 21st century, it is the capital of Upper Franconia and has a population of 72,148 (2015). It hosts the annual Bayreuth Festival, at which performances of operas by the 19th-century German composer Richard Wagner are presented.
4th Royal Tank Regiment
The 4th Royal Tank Regiment (4 RTR) was an armoured regiment of the British Army from its creation in 1917, during World War I, until 1993. It was part of the Royal Tank Regiment, itself part of the Royal Armoured Corps.

Scots Guards
The Scots Guards (SG) is the regiment of Foot Guards of Scotland, and one of the five foot guard regiments of the British Army. Its origins are as the personal bodyguard of King Charles I of England and Scotland. Its lineage can be traced back to 1642 in the Kingdom of Scotland, although it was only placed on the English Establishment in 1686.
Giorgione
Giorgio Barbarelli da Castelfranco (Venetian: Zorzi; 1470s – 17 September 1510), known as Giorgione, was an Italian painter of the Venetian school during the High Renaissance, who died in his thirties. He is known for the elusive poetic quality of his work, though only about six surviving paintings are firmly attributed to him. The uncertainty surrounding the identity and meaning of his work has made Giorgione one of the most mysterious figures in European art.

Together with his younger contemporary Titian, he founded the Venetian school of Italian Renaissance painting, characterised by its use of colour and mood. The school is traditionally contrasted with Florentine painting, which relied on a more linear disegno-led style.

Guercino
Giovanni Francesco Barbieri (8 February 1591 – 22 December 1666), better known as (il) Guercino (Italian pronunciation: [ɡwerˈtʃiːno] ⓘ), was an Italian Baroque painter and draftsman from Cento in the Emilia region, who was active in Rome and Bologna. The vigorous naturalism of his early manner contrasts with the classical equilibrium of his later works. His many drawings are noted for their luminosity and lively style.
David Bishop (writer)
David James Steven Bishop (born 27 September 1966), also known as D. V. Bishop, is a New Zealand comic book editor and writer of comics, novels and screenplays. He lives in the United Kingdom.

In the 1990s he edited the UK comics titles Judge Dredd Megazine (1991–2002) and 2000 AD (1995–2000).
He has since become a prolific screenwriter and novelist, and has won awards for his Cesare Aldo mystery novels which are set in Renaissance Florence.

List of Judge Dredd characters
This is a list of characters in the British comic strip Judge Dredd appearing in 2000 AD, Judge Dredd Megazine and related publications. They are listed alphabetically by surname, in categories. (Major characters have their own articles: see the navigation box at the bottom of this article.)
Uffizi
The Uffizi Gallery (UK: /juːˈfɪtsi, ʊˈfiːtsi/ yoo-FIT-see, uu-FEET-see; Italian: Galleria degli Uffizi, pronounced [ɡalleˈriːa deʎʎ ufˈfittsi]) is a prominent art museum adjacent to the Piazza della Signoria in the Historic Centre of Florence in the region of Tuscany, Italy. One of the most important Italian museums and the most visited, it is also one of the largest and best-known in the world and holds a collection of priceless works, particularly from the period of the Italian Renaissance.

After the ruling House of Medici died out, their art collections were given to the city of Florence under the famous Patto di famiglia ("family pact") negotiated by Anna Maria Luisa, the last Medici heiress. The Uffizi is one of the first modern museums. The gallery had been open to visitors by request since the sixteenth century, and in 1769 it was officially opened to the public, formally becoming a museum in 1865.

Giorgione
Giorgio Barbarelli da Castelfranco (Venetian: Zorzi; 1470s – 17 September 1510), known as Giorgione, was an Italian painter of the Venetian school during the High Renaissance, who died in his thirties. He is known for the elusive poetic quality of his work, though only about six surviving paintings are firmly attributed to him. The uncertainty surrounding the identity and meaning of his work has made Giorgione one of the most mysterious figures in European art.

Together with his younger contemporary Titian, he founded the Venetian school of Italian Renaissance painting, characterised by its use of colour and mood. The school is traditionally contrasted with Florentine painting, which relied on a more linear disegno-led style.
Pro Wrestling Zero1
Pro Wrestling Zero1 (Japanese: プロレスリングZERO1, Hepburn: Puroresuringu Zerowan; stylized as PRO WRESTLING ZERO1), often referred to simply as Zero1 and sometimes referred to as Pro Wrestling Zero1 Catch as Catch Can (stylized as ZERO1 and PRO WRESTLING ZERO1 CATCH AS CATCH CAN, respectively), is a Japanese professional wrestling promotion founded in 2001.

Formerly known as Pro Wrestling Zero-One and Pro Wrestling Zero1-Max (stylized as Pro Wrestling ZERO-ONE and Pro Wrestling Zero1-MAX, respectively), it was affiliated with the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) from 2001 until late 2004, and briefly reaffiliated in 2011. It was also affiliated with AWA Superstars of Wrestling (AWA) from 2005 until late 2007, the Global Professional Wrestling Alliance (GPWA) from 2006 to 2009, and was affiliated with the United Wrestling Network (UWN) from 2017 to 2022.

Masaaki Mochizuki
Masaaki Mochizuki (望月 成晃, Mochizuki Masaaki; born January 17, 1970) is a Japanese professional wrestler, currently working for Dragon Gate and Pro Wrestling Noah. Mochizuki is a former FIP World Champion and three-time Open the Dream Gate Champion.
Caroline Gillmer
Caroline Gillmer (born 1955) is an Australian actress, best known for her roles in  various television series, such as Prisoner as Helen Smart and Neighbours as Cheryl Stark.

Caroline appeared as Neighbours regular character and fan favourite Cheryl Stark from 1993 to 1996 before being killed off.

Cheryl has subsequently appeared in a flashback scene as part of Helen Daniels's death episodes in 1997 and last featured in a 2014 episode to celebrate the Kennedy family's 20th anniversary on Ramsay Street. A cast photo from the mid 1990s featuring Cheryl was shown on screen as part of the "final ever" episode end credits of the series in 2022.

Gillmer has had many guest roles in television series, including a recurring guest role on MDA and supporting roles in TV shows such as Bed of Roses. She portrayed Judy Moran in the hit TV series Underbelly.

In 2021, Gillmer appeared in the drama series Lie with Me.

Danni Stark
Danielle "Danni" Stark is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Neighbours, played by Eliza Szonert. She made her debut during the episode broadcast on 30 November 1993 and remained in the show until 13 November 1996, with a brief cameo in 2005 as part of the serial's twentieth anniversary. Danni is Cheryl Stark's daughter and suffered from diabetes. She had a complex, long-term relationship with Malcolm Kennedy.
Subfamily
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: subfamilia, plural subfamiliae) is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, positioned below family and above genera. It is used to classify groups of related genera within a family, helping organize the diversity of life more precisely.

Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with the suffix "-oideae", whereas zoological subfamily names end with "-inae". These suffixes help clearly identify the taxonomic rank in scientific literature and classification systems.

Larentiinae
Larentiinae is a subfamily of moths containing roughly 5,800 species that occur mostly in the temperate regions of the world. They are generally considered a subfamily of the geometer moth family (Geometridae) and are divided into a few large or good-sized tribes, and numerous very small or even monotypic ones which might not always be valid. Well-known members are the "pug moths" of the Eupitheciini and the "carpets", mainly of the Cidariini and Xanthorhoini. The subfamily was described by Philogène Auguste Joseph Duponchel in 1845.
1961–62 Alpha Ethniki
The 1961–62 Alpha Ethniki was the 26th season of the highest football league of Greece. The season began on 9 September 1961 and ended on 1 July 1962 with the play-off matches. Panathinaikos won their sixth Greek title and third consecutive.

The point system was: Win: 3 points - Draw: 2 points - Loss: 1 point.

1968–69 Alpha Ethniki
The 1968–69 Alpha Ethniki was the 33rd season of the highest football league of Greece. The season began on 22 September 1968 and ended on 15 June 1969. Panathinaikos won their ninth Greek title and their first one in three years.

The point system was: Win: 3 points - Draw: 2 points - Loss: 1 point.
Grammy Award for Best Ethnic or Traditional Folk Recording
The Grammy Award for Best Ethnic or Traditional Folk Recording was awarded from 1960 to 1986. During this time the award had several minor name changes:

From 1960 to 1961 the award was known as Best Performance - Folk

From 1962 to 1967 it was awarded as Best Folk Recording

From 1968 to 1970 it was awarded as Best Folk Performance

In 1971 and from 1973 to 1974 the award was known as Best Ethnic or Traditional Recording (including traditional blues)

In 1972 and from 1975 to 1982  it was awarded as Best Ethnic or Traditional Recording

From 1983 to 1986 it was awarded as Best Ethnic or Traditional Folk Recording

In 1987 the award was split into two new awards: the Grammy Award for Best Traditional Folk Album and the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Folk Album.

Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented, for works released in the previous year.

Grammy Award for Best Performance by a Vocal Group
The Grammy Award for Best Performance by a Vocal Group was awarded from 1961 to 1968.  In its first year, the award specified that a "vocal group" contains two to six artists.  This award was presented alongside the award for Best Performance by a Chorus.  Before 1961 these awards were combined into the Grammy Award for Best Performance by a Vocal Group or Chorus.

Although in the "pop" field the award did not specify pop music performances and, in some years, ran alongside the award now presented as the Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal.

Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented, for works released in the previous year.
Pannonia
Pannonia (/pəˈnoʊniə/, Latin: [panˈnɔnia]) was a province of the Roman Empire bounded on the north and east by the Danube, on the west by Noricum and upper Italy, and on the south by Dalmatia and upper Moesia. It included the modern regions of western Hungary, western Slovakia, eastern Austria, northern Croatia, north-western Serbia, northern Slovenia, and northern Bosnia and Herzegovina. The northern and eastern boundary line of Pannonia was formed by the River Danube.

Liburnians
The Liburnians or Liburni (Ancient Greek: Λιβυρνοί) were an ancient tribe inhabiting the district called Liburnia, a coastal region of the northeastern Adriatic between the rivers Arsia (Raša) and Titius (Krka) in what is now Croatia. According to Strabo's Geographica, they populated Kerkyra until shortly after the Corinthians settled the island, c. 730 BC. Their ethnic and linguistic origins are unknown.
Meitei people
The Meitei people, also known as Meetei people, are a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group native to the Indian State of  Manipur. They form the largest and dominant ethnic group of Manipur in Northeast India. They speak the Meitei language (officially called Manipuri), one of the 22 official languages of the Republic of India and the sole official language of government of Manipur.
The Meiteis primarily settled in the Imphal Valley region in modern-day Manipur, though a sizeable population has settled in the other Indian states of Assam, Tripura, Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Mizoram. There is also a notable presence of Meiteis in the neighbouring countries of Myanmar and Bangladesh. The Meiteis represent about 53% of Manipur's population.

National epic
A national epic is an epic poem or a literary work of epic scope which seeks to or is believed to capture and express the essence or spirit of a particular nation—not necessarily a nation state, but at least an ethnic or linguistic group with aspirations to independence or autonomy.  National epics frequently recount the origin of a nation, a part of its history, or a crucial event in the development of national identity such as other national symbols.
Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia (Polish: Górny Śląsk [ˈɡurnɨ ˈɕlɔ̃sk] ⓘ ; Silesian: Gůrny Ślůnsk, Gōrny Ślōnsk; Czech: Horní Slezsko; German: Oberschlesien [ˈoːbɐˌʃleːzi̯ən] ⓘ ; Silesian German: Oberschläsing; Latin: Silesia Superior) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia, located today mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic. The area is predominantly known for its heavy industry (mining and metallurgy).

Mieszko IV Tanglefoot
Mieszko IV Tanglefoot (Polish: Mieszko IV Plątonogi) (c. 1130 – 16 May 1211) was  Duke of Kraków and High Duke of Poland from 9 June 1210 until his death one year later. He was also Duke of Silesia from 1163 to 1173 (with his brother as co-ruler), Duke of Racibórz from 1173, and Duke of Opole from 1202.

His nickname "Tanglefoot" (Plątonogi) appeared in the chronicles from the 14th and 15th centuries. From Rocznik Sędziwoja, annals written in the mid-fifteenth century, the entry for the year 1192: "Cracovia civitas devastata est a Mescone loripede dicto Platonogy nepote ducis Kazimiriensis filio Wladislai exulis" (en: "The city of Kraków was devastated by Mieszko the bandy-legged, called Platonogy, nephew of Duke Casimir, son of Władysław the Exile").