hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Punjabi language
Punjabi, sometimes spelled Panjabi, is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Punjab region of Pakistan and India. It is one of the most widely spoken native languages in the world, with approximately 150 million native speakers.

Punjabi is the most widely-spoken first language in Pakistan, with 88.9 million native speakers according to the 2023 Pakistani census, and the 11th most widely-spoken in India, with 31.1 million native speakers, according to the 2011 census. It is spoken among a significant overseas diaspora, particularly in Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, and the Gulf states.

In Pakistan, Punjabi is written using the Shahmukhi alphabet, based on the Perso-Arabic script; in India, it is written using the Gurmukhi alphabet, based on the Indic scripts. Punjabi is unusual among the Indo-Aryan languages and the broader Indo-European language family in its usage of lexical tone.

Nitnem
Nitnem (Punjabi: ਨਿਤਨੇਮ, lit. 'daily routine') is a collection of Sikh hymns (Gurbani) to be read minimally 3 different times of the day. These are mandatory and to be read by every Amritdhari Sikh as expressed in the Sikh Rehat Maryada (the official Sikh Code of Conduct which acts as the ultimate "rulebook" for Amritdhari Sikhs). Optionally additional prayers may be added to a Sikh's nitnem. There are three hymns which are officially mandated by the Sikh Rehat Maryada to be recited at Amrit Vela (early hours of the morning between 2AM and 6AM), although two more are commonly recited alongside these, forming the 5 Baania (5 hymns). The Rehras Sahib hymn is also mandated in the evening, followed by Kirtan Sohila at night. The morning and evening prayers should be followed by an Ardaas.
2016 AFC Champions League
The 2016 AFC Champions League was the 35th edition of Asia's premier club football tournament organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), and the 14th under the current AFC Champions League title.

Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors defeated Al-Ain in the final to win their second AFC Champions League title, and qualified as the AFC representative at the 2016 FIFA Club World Cup in Japan, their second appearance in the FIFA Club World Cup. Guangzhou Evergrande were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the group stage.

2017 AFC Champions League
The 2017 AFC Champions League was the 36th edition of Asia's premier club football tournament organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), and the 15th under the current AFC Champions League title.

Urawa Red Diamonds defeated Al-Hilal in the final to win their second AFC Champions League title, and qualified as the AFC representative at the 2017 FIFA Club World Cup in the United Arab Emirates.

Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors were the defending champions, but they were excluded from the 2017 season due to a bribery scandal in the domestic K League Classic. Jeonbuk appealed to the Court of Arbitration for Sport, but their request for provisional measures was rejected on 3 February.
Machicolation
In architecture, a machicolation (French: mâchicoulis) is an opening between the supporting corbels of a battlement through which defenders can target attackers who have reached the base of the defensive wall. A smaller related structure that only protects key points of a fortification is referred to as a bretèche. Machicolation, hoarding, bretèches, and murder holes are all similar defensive features serving the same purpose: to enable defenders atop a defensive structure to target attackers below. The primary benefit of the design is to allow defenders to remain behind cover rather than being exposed when leaning over the parapet. They were common in defensive fortifications until the widespread adoption of gunpowder weapons made them obsolete.

Garderobe
Garderobe is a historic term for a room in a medieval castle. The Oxford English Dictionary gives as its first meaning a store-room for valuables, but also acknowledges "by extension, a private room, a bed-chamber; also a privy".

The word derives from the French garde de robes, meaning "robes (or clothing) protector". Its most common use now is as a term for a castle toilet.
Gaeltacht
A Gaeltacht (/ˈɡeɪltəxt/ GAYL-təkht, Irish: [ˈɡeːl̪ˠt̪ˠəxt̪ˠ], pl. Gaeltachtaí) is a district of Ireland, either individually or collectively, where the Irish government recognises that the Irish language is the predominant vernacular, or language of the home.
The Gaeltacht districts were first officially recognised during the 1920s in the early years of the Irish Free State, following the Gaelic revival, as part of a government policy aimed at restoring the Irish language.

The Gaeltacht is threatened by serious language decline. Research published in 2015 showed that Irish is spoken on a daily basis by two-thirds or more of the population in only 21 of the 155 electoral divisions in the Gaeltacht. Daily language use by two-thirds or more of the population is regarded by some academics as a tipping point for language survival.

County Tipperary
County Tipperary (Irish: Contae Thiobraid Árann) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Munster and the Southern Region. The county is named after the town of Tipperary, and was established in the early 13th century, shortly after the Norman invasion of Ireland. It is Ireland's largest inland county and shares a border with eight counties, more than any other. The population of the county was 167,895 at the 2022 census. The largest towns are Clonmel, Nenagh and Thurles.

Tipperary County Council is the local authority for the county. In 1838, County Tipperary was divided into two ridings, North and South. From 1899 until 2014, they had their own county councils. They were unified under the Local Government Reform Act 2014, which came into effect following the 2014 local elections on 3 June 2014.
Governor of New York
The governor of New York is the head of government of the U.S. state of New York. The governor is the head of the executive branch of New York's state government and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the New York Legislature, to convene the legislature and grant pardons, except in cases of impeachment and treason. The governor of New York is the highest paid governor in the country.

The current governor is Kathy Hochul, a member of the Democratic Party who took office on August 24, 2021, following the resignation of Andrew Cuomo. She was elected to a full term in 2022.

1912 New York state election
The 1912 New York state election was held on November 5, 1912, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, the Secretary of State, the state comptroller, the attorney general, the state treasurer, the state engineer and two judges (to fill the vacancies caused by the retirement of Albert Haight and Irving G. Vann who reached the constitutional age-limit) of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate. The voters were also asked if they approved a $50,000,000 bond issue for "good roads construction", which was answered in the affirmative, with 657,548 in favor and 281,265 against.
Southland Conference
The Southland Conference (SLC) is a collegiate athletic conference which operates in the South Central United States (specifically Texas and Louisiana). It participates in the NCAA's Division I for all sports; for football, it participates in the Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS).  The Southland sponsors 18 sports, 10 for women and eight for men, and is governed by a presidential Board of Directors and an Advisory Council of athletic and academic administrators.  Chris Grant became the Southland's seventh commissioner on April 5, 2022. From 1996 to 2002, for football only, the Southland Conference was known as the Southland Football League.

The conference's offices are located in the Dallas suburb of Frisco, Texas. According to a press release from April 11, 2022, the conference was to undergo a rebrand in 2022 that included a new name and logo. The rebranding was unveiled in March 2023, with a new logo but no change to the conference name.

Nicholls Colonels baseball
The Nicholls Colonels baseball team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of Nicholls State University in Thibodaux, Louisiana. The team is a member of the Southland Conference, which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I. Nicholls State's first baseball team was fielded in 1960. The team plays its home games at 2,100-seat Ben Meyer Diamond at Ray E. Didier Field and is coached by Brent Haring.
Angle
In geometry, an angle is formed by two lines that meet at a point. Each line is called a side of the angle, and the point they share is called the vertex of the angle. The term angle is used to denote both geometric figures and their size or magnitude as associated quantity. Angular measure or measure of angle are sometimes used to distinguish between the measure of the quantity and figure itself. The measurement of angles is intrinsically linked with circles and rotation, and this is often visualized or defined using the arc of a circle centered at the vertex and lying between the sides.

Regular polygon
In Euclidean geometry, a regular polygon is a polygon that is direct equiangular (all angles are equal in measure) and equilateral (all sides have the same length). Regular polygons may be either convex or star. In the limit, a sequence of regular polygons with an increasing number of sides approximates a circle, if the perimeter or area is fixed, or a regular apeirogon (effectively a straight line), if the edge length is fixed.
Léon Bakst
Léon (Lev) Samoylovich Bakst (Russian: Леон (Лев) Самойлович Бакст), born Leyb-Khaim Izrailevich Rosenberg (8 February [O.S. 27 January] 1866 – 27 December 1924), was a Russian painter and scene and costume designer of Jewish origin. He was a member of the Sergei Diaghilev circle and the Ballets Russes, for which he designed exotic, richly coloured sets and costumes. He designed the décor for such productions as Carnaval (1910), Spectre de la rose (1911), Daphnis and Chloe (1912), The Sleeping Princess (1921) and others.

Dmitry Filosofov
Dmitry Vladimirovich Filosofov (Russian: Дми́трий Влади́мирович Филосо́фов; 7 April [O.S. 26 March] 1872 – 4 August 1940) was a Russian author, essayist, literary critic, religious thinker, newspaper editor and political activist, best known for his role in the influential early 1900s Mir Iskusstva circle and part of quasi-religious Troyebratstvo (The Brotherhood of Three), along with two of his closest friends and spiritual allies, Dmitry Merezhkovsky and Zinaida Gippius.

Following the Bolshevik Revolution he emigrated to Poland.
Yasuo Ōtsuka
Yasuo Ōtsuka (大塚康生, Ōtsuka Yasuo; July 11, 1931 – March 15, 2021) was a Japanese animator who worked with Toei Animation, Nippon Animation, TMS Entertainment, and Studio Ghibli. He was considered to be one of Japan's foremost animators, and he was an important mentor to both Hayao Miyazaki and Isao Takahata.

Tsutomu Shibayama
Tsutomu Shibayama (芝山努, Shibayama Tsutomu; born 9 March 1941) is a Japanese anime director of film and television. He started as a manga artist under the name Hajime Sanjō and later became known for directing many Doraemon TV anime episodes (1984-2005) and feature films (1983–2004). He was born in  Asakusa, Taitō, Tokyo.

In 2012 he received the Agency for Cultural Affair Award for his work in animation.
Val Gardena
46°33′36″N 11°42′17″E﻿ / ﻿46.56000°N 11.70472°E﻿ / 46.56000; 11.70472

Val Gardena (Italian: [ˌval ɡarˈdeːna, ˌval ɡarˈdɛːna]; German: Gröden [ˈɡʁøːdn̩] ⓘ; Ladin: Gherdëina [ɡʀ̩ˈdɜi̯na] ⓘ) is a valley in the Dolomites of South Tyrol, Northern Italy. It is best known as a tourist skiing, rock climbing, and woodcarving area.

Fassa Valley
The Fassa Valley (Ladin: Fascia, Italian: Val di Fassa, German: Fassatal) is a valley in the Dolomites in Trentino, northern Italy. The valley composes an administrative valley community (Italian: Comunità di valle, German: Talgemeinschaft) of Trentino, known as Fascia (Ladin: Region Comun General de Fascia).

The valley is home to much of the Ladin community in Trentino, which makes up the majority of the valley's population.
List of naval ministers of France
One of France's Secretaries of State under the Ancien Régime was entrusted with control of the French Navy (Secretary of State of the Navy (France).) In 1791, this title was changed to Minister of the Navy. Before January 1893, this position also had responsibility for France's colonies, and was usually known as Minister of the Navy and Colonies, a role thereafter taken by the Minister of the Overseas. In 1947 the naval ministry was absorbed into the Ministry of Defence, with the exception of merchant marine affairs which had been split in 1929 to the separate Ministry of Merchant Marine.

French cruiser Milan
Milan was a late-19th-century unprotected cruiser in the French Navy. At the time of her completion, Milan was considered by several publications to be the fastest warship in the world. The warship was the last unprotected cruiser in French naval service, and Milan's design influenced the construction of later protected cruisers.
Yorkton
Yorkton is a city located in south-eastern Saskatchewan, Canada. It is about 300 kilometres (190 mi) south-east of Saskatoon and 450 kilometres (280 mi) north-west of Winnipeg, Manitoba and is the sixth-largest city in the province. Yorkton was founded in 1882 and incorporated as a city in 1928. The city is bordered by the rural municipalities of Orkney to the north, west, and south, and Wallace on the east.

Saskatchewan Highway 8
Highway 8 is a provincial highway in Saskatchewan, Canada. The highway runs along the eastern side of the province from North Dakota Highway 28 at the U.S. border near Elmore until it transitions into Highway 982 just south of the Porcupine Hills. Along the route, it intersects both the Trans-Canada and Yellowhead Highways. It provides access to several towns and multiple smaller communities and is about 410 kilometres (250 mi) long. For most of the highway's route, it traverses relatively flat prairie. Along the way, though, it crosses three large river valleys, the Qu'Appelle River, Assiniboine River, and the Swan River.

Highway 8 is paved from Elmore (km 0) until Langenburg (km 215), and then from MacNutt (km 248) until km 396 near Swan Plain. In 2024, the section of Highway 8 from Rocanville south to Moosomin was named the worst road in Saskatchewan.
Parvathamma Rajkumar
Parvathamma Rajkumar (6 December 1939 – 31 May 2017) was an Indian film producer and distributor. She was the wife and cousin of veteran Kannada actor Dr. Rajkumar. She produced successful films featuring him and their sons Shiva Rajkumar, Puneeth Rajkumar and Raghavendra Rajkumar under the production house named "Poornima Enterprises". Actresses who found fame in her productions include Malashri, Prema, Rakshita, Sudha Rani and Ramya. She was awarded a doctorate by Bangalore University.

Amongst the awards she has received are the Kannada Rajyotsava and a lifetime achievement award from the Government of Karnataka. By 2012, she had produced 80 films. She had spoken in defence of Kannadigas, regarding Karnataka's position in interstate water disputes and against infringement of the Kannada film industry's works.

Vinay Rajkumar
Vinay Rajkumar (born 7 May 1989) is an Indian actor who works in Kannada cinema. The grandson of actor Rajkumar and son of film producer and actor Raghavendra Rajkumar, he made his debut as a lead actor in 2014 with Siddhartha.
Sweden men's national football team
The Sweden men's national football team (Swedish: Sveriges herrlandslag i fotboll) represents Sweden in men's international football and it is controlled by the Swedish Football Association, the governing body of football in Sweden. Sweden's home ground is Nationalarenan in Solna. From 1945 to the late 1950s, they were considered one of the greatest teams in Europe.

Sweden has made twelve appearances at the World Cup with their first coming in 1934. They have also made seven appearances at the European Championship. Sweden finished second at the 1958 FIFA World Cup, which they hosted, and third in both 1950 and 1994. Sweden's other accomplishments also include a gold medal at the 1948 Summer Olympics, and bronze medals in 1924 and 1952. They also reached the semi-finals at UEFA Euro 1992, while hosting the tournament.

2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group B
The 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification UEFA Group B was one of the ten UEFA groups in the World Cup qualification tournament to decide which teams would qualify for the 2022 FIFA World Cup finals tournament in Qatar. Group B consisted of five teams: Georgia, Greece, Kosovo, Spain and Sweden. The teams played against each other home-and-away in a round-robin format.

The group winners, Spain, qualified directly for the World Cup finals, while the runners-up, Sweden, advanced to the second round (play-offs).

Greece, Georgia and Spain did not recognize Kosovo as an independent country, and therefore, during the match between Spain and Kosovo, the latter team was named "Kosovo Football Federation".
Eastern Province (Kenya)
The Eastern Province (Swahili: Mashariki) of Kenya was one of 8 Provinces of Kenya. Its northern boundary ran along with that of Ethiopia; the North Eastern Province and Coast Province lay to the east and south; and the remainder of Kenya's provinces, including Central Province, ran along its western border. The provincial capital was Embu.

Tharaka-Nithi County
Tharaka-Nithi County is one of the 47 counties of Kenya located in Kenya located in the eastern Mount Kenya region. The county has an area of 2609 km2 and as of the 2019 census a population of 393,177. It is home to the Meru people.

Tharaka-Nithi County is home to the Chuka, Muthambi, Mwimbi and Tharaka subgroups of the Ameru community. The people of Tharaka-Nithi County are predominantly Christian, with Catholics, Presbyterians, and Methodists being the predominant religious communities.

The county consists of three constituencies: Maara, Chuka and Tharaka.
List of Emmerdale characters introduced in 2020
Emmerdale is a British soap opera first broadcast on 16 October 1972. The following is a list of characters that first appear during 2020, by order of first appearance. All characters are introduced by the soap's executive producer, Jane Hudson. The first character to be introduced was Harry Sugden (Brody and Teddy Hall), the son of Victoria Sugden (Isabel Hodgins) and Lee Posner (Kris Mochrie), followed by Cara Robinson (Carryl Thomas). DI Mark Malone (Mark Womack) first appeared in March, and Paul Ashdale (Reece Dinsdale) was introduced in April as the father of Vinny (Bradley Johnson). Ben Tucker (Simon Lennon) was introduced in September as a love interest for Aaron Dingle (Danny Miller), and Meena Jutla (Paige Sandhu) and Mackenzie Boyd (Lawrence Robb) made their debuts in September and October, respectively. In December, vicar Charles Anderson (Kevin Mathurin) was introduced. Additionally, multiple other characters appeared in 2020.

Paige Sandhu
Paige Courtney S. Sandhu (born 28 October 1992) is an English actress. She began her career with appearances in Doctors and Endeavour, before being cast as Meena Jutla in the ITV soap opera Emmerdale (2020–2022). For her portrayal, she received critical acclaim, won Best Villain at the Inside Soap Awards two years in a row and won Best Leading Performer at the 2022 British Soap Awards.
List of Alberta provincial highways
The Canadian province of Alberta has a provincial highway network consisting of over 31,400 kilometres (19,500 mi) of roads as of 2021-2022, of which 28,000 kilometres (17,000 mi) have been paved.

All of Alberta's provincial highways are maintained by the Ministry of Transportation and Economic Corridors, a department of the Government of Alberta. The network includes two distinct series of numbered highways:

The 1–216 series (formerly known as primary highways), making up Alberta's core highway network—typically paved and with the highest traffic volume

The 500–986 series, providing more local and rural access, with a higher proportion of gravel surfaces

Alberta Highway 21
Highway 21 is a north–south highway in Alberta, Canada that parallels Highway 2 between Calgary and Edmonton. It is approximately 328 kilometres (204 mi) in length. It begins at the Trans-Canada Highway (Highway 1) east of Strathmore, and ends at Fort Saskatchewan where it is succeeded by Highway 15. The northernmost 25 kilometres (16 mi) of the highway are twinned.  Highway 21 runs roughly parallel to the main north–south CN rail line between Calgary and Edmonton between Three Hills and Looma.
Hermann Loew
Friedrich Hermann Loew (19 July 1807 – 21 April 1879) was a German entomologist who specialised in the study of Diptera, an order of insects including flies, mosquitoes, gnats and midges. He described many world species and was the first specialist to work on the Diptera of the United States.

James Edward Collin
James Edward Collin (16 March 1876, Kirtling – 16 September 1968) was an English entomologist who specialised in Diptera.

He was the author of Empididae. British Flies, Volume 6. University Press, Cambridge (1961). This was the third volume in an uncompleted series begun by his uncle George Henry Verrall.

Collin wrote extensively on Diptera of most families of Diptera (excepting those in Nematocera). The specimens collected by Collin and his uncle Verrall are in the Hope Entomological Collections at the University of Oxford. The Oxford University Museum of Natural History's website provides a searchable database of the new species they described.

He was a Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society and its president 1927–1928.
Colombo
Colombo (/kəˈlʌmboʊ/ kə-LUM-boh; Sinhala: කොළඹ, romanised: Koḷam̆ba, IPA: [ˈkoləᵐbə]; Tamil: கொழும்பு, romanised: Koḻumpu, IPA: [koɻumbɯ]) is the largest city of Sri Lanka by population and de facto commercial capital of Sri Lanka. The Colombo metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of 5.6 million, and 752,993 within the municipal limits. It is the financial centre of the island and a tourist destination. It is located on the west coast of the island. It is also the administrative capital of the Western Province and the district capital of Colombo District.

It was made the capital of the island when Sri Lanka was ceded to the British Empire in 1815, retaining its capital status when Sri Lanka gained independence in 1948. In 1978, when administrative functions were moved to Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, Colombo was designated as the commercial capital of Sri Lanka.

Welikada Prison
The Welikada Prison (Sinhala: වැලිකඩ බන්ධනාගාරය; also known as the Magazine Prison) is a maximum-security prison and the largest prison in Sri Lanka. It was built in 1841 by the British colonial government under Governor Campbell. The prison covers an area of 48 acres (190,000 m2). It is overcrowded with about 1700 detainees exceeding the actual number that could be accommodated. The prison also has a gallows (unused since 1959) and its own hospital. The prison is administered by the Department of Prisons.

Following the attempted military coup in 1962, the arrested military and police officers were remanded pending trial in a special section at Welikada prison called the Magazine Section. To guard these officers, a special security detachment called the composite guard was selected from the Ceylon Light Infantry, with Major A Hulangamuwa in charge.