hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
United States Naval Research Laboratory
The United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is the corporate research laboratory for the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps. Located in Washington, DC, it was founded in 1923 and conducts basic scientific research, applied research, technological development and prototyping. The laboratory's specialties include plasma physics, space physics, materials science, and tactical electronic warfare. NRL is one of the first US government scientific R&D laboratories, having opened in 1923 at the instigation of Thomas Edison, and is currently under the Office of Naval Research.

As of 2016, NRL was a Navy Working Capital Fund activity, which means it is not a line-item in the US Federal Budget. Instead of direct funding from Congress, all costs, including overhead, were recovered through sponsor-funded research projects. NRL's research expenditures were approximately $1 billion per year.

Minitrack
The Minitrack Network was the first U.S. satellite tracking network to become operational, in 1957. It was used to track the flights of Sputnik, Vanguard, Explorer, and other early space efforts. Minitrack was the progenitor of Spacecraft Tracking and Data Acquisition Network (STADAN) and the Manned Space Flight Network (MSFN).
Bangladesh Railway
Bangladesh Railway (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ রেলওয়ে) is the state-owned rail transport agency of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Railway was not established under a specific new act, but rather operates under the framework of The Railways Act, 1890 (Act No. IX of 1890). It operates and maintains all railways in the country, and is overseen by the Directorate General of Bangladesh Railway. The Bangladesh Railway is governed by the Ministry of Railways and the Bangladesh Railway Authority with a reporting mark known as "BR".

The Bangladesh Railway system has a total length of 3,600 kilometres (2,200 mi). In 2009, it had 34,168 employees working for the operations. In the year 2014, Bangladesh Railway recorded a ridership of 65 million passengers for a total of 8,135 million passenger-kilometres, and transported 2.52 million tonnes of freight racking up to 677 million tonne-kilometres.

West Zone (Bangladesh Railway)
West Zone is a railway zone operated by Bangladesh Railway. 2,800 km of railway lines in Bangladesh are operated through four divisions in two Zones, West Zone being one of the two zones. This Zone consists of Rangpur Division, Rajshahi Division, Khulna Division, as well as Tangail and Faridpur districts of Dhaka Division of Bangladesh. The head office of West Zone is located in Rajshahi.
Dragón Rojo Jr.
Anselmo Rivas Castro (born November 3, 1982), best known by his ring name Dragón Rojo Jr. (Spanish for "Red Dragon Jr."), is a Mexican luchador (or professional wrestler). He works for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL). He is a two-time CMLL World Middleweight Champion, and he currently holds the record for most days as Middleweight Champion. Alongside Último Guerrero, Dragón Rojo Jr. is the longest reigning CMLL World Tag Team Champion in the history of the championship.

Rayo de Jalisco Jr.
Rayo de Jalisco Jr. (Spanish: "Lightning Bolt from Jalisco Jr."; born January 1, 1960) is an active Mexican luchador enmascarado (or masked professional wrestler). He is currently performing as a freelancer on the Mexican independent circuit, and is best known for his longtime association with Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL). A second-generation wrestler, Rayo de Jalisco Jr. is the son of Rayo de Jalisco, a famous wrestler from the early days of lucha libre; he also has a son who wrestles under the name Rayman.

Rayo de Jalisco Jr. is a two-time CMLL World Heavyweight Champion and WWA World Heavyweight Champion, a title he has held from  March 21, 2003 to 2011. His real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico, where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans.
Mona Hammond
Mona Hammond OBE (born Mavis Chin; 1 January 1931 – 4 July 2022) was a Jamaican-British actress and co-founder of the Talawa Theatre Company. Born in Tweedside, Jamaica, Hammond immigrated to the United Kingdom in 1959, where she lived for the rest of her life. Hammond had a long and distinguished stage career. She was best known for her work on British television and played Blossom Jackson in the BBC soap opera EastEnders.

Hammond was made an OBE in the 2005 Queen's Birthday Honours List for her services to drama. In 2018, she was awarded the Women of the World Lifetime Achievement Award for her long and distinguished theatre career and for championing Black British actors with the Talawa Theatre Company.

Alan Jackson (EastEnders)
Alan Jackson is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Howard Antony. He originally appeared between 16 November 1993 and 16 October 1997, and returned on 12 October 2010 for three episodes.

Kind-hearted Alan gives the Jackson family some much needed stability. He loves and cares for Carol Jackson's (Lindsey Coulson) children as if they are his own. Their relationship does not go so smoothly however. Carol's stubborn and nagging nature eventually drives him into the arms of another woman.
Li Jing (Tang dynasty)
Li Jing (571 – July 2, 649), courtesy name Yaoshi, posthumous name Duke Jingwu of Wei (also romanized as Duke Jingwu of Wey), was a Chinese military general, strategist, and writer who lived in the early Tang dynasty and was most active during the reign of Emperor Taizong. In 630, Li Jing defeated the Göktürks, led by Jieli Khan, with just 3,000 cavalry soldiers in a surprise attack, allowing the Tang Empire to subjugate the Göktürks and reduce them to the status of a vassal under the Tang Empire. Li Jing and Li Shiji are considered the two most prominent early Tang generals.

Tuyuhun
Tuyuhun (Chinese: 吐谷渾; LHC: *tʰɑʔ-jok-guən; Wade-Giles: T'u-yühun), also known as Henan (Chinese: 河南) and Azha (Tibetan: ཨ་ཞ་, Wylie: ‘A-zha; Chinese: 阿豺), was a dynastic monarchy established by the nomadic peoples related to the Xianbei in the Qilian Mountains and upper Yellow River valley, in modern Qinghai, China.
Transnistrian War
The Transnistrian War (Romanian: Războiul din Transnistria; Russian: Война в Приднестровье, romanized: Voyna v Pridnestrovye) was an armed conflict that broke out on 2 November 1990 in Dubăsari between pro-Transnistria (Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, PMR) forces, including the Transnistrian Republican Guard, militia and neo-Cossack units, which were supported by elements of the Russian 14th Army, and pro-Moldovan forces, including Moldovan troops and police.

Fighting intensified on 1 March 1992 and, alternating with ad hoc ceasefires, lasted throughout the spring and early summer of 1992 until a ceasefire was declared on 21 July 1992, which has held. The conflict is sometimes known as the Moldovan–Russian war (Romanian: Războiul moldo-rus) in Moldova and Romania.

South Ossetia war (1991–1992)
The 1991–1992 South Ossetia War (also known as the First South Ossetia War) was fought between Georgian government forces and ethnic Georgian militias on one side and the forces of South Ossetian separatists and Russia on the other. The war ended with a Dagomys Agreement, signed on 24 June 1992, which established a joint peacekeeping force and left South Ossetia divided between the rival authorities.
Marconi Company
The Marconi Company was a British telecommunications and engineering company founded by Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi in 1897 which was a pioneer of wireless long distance communication and mass media broadcasting, eventually becoming one of the UK's most successful manufacturing companies.

Its roots were in the Wireless Telegraph & Signal Company, which underwent several changes in name after mergers and acquisitions. In 1999, its defence equipment manufacturing division, Marconi Electronic Systems, merged with British Aerospace (BAe) to form BAE Systems. In 2006, financial difficulties led to the collapse of the remaining company, with the bulk of the business acquired by the Swedish telecommunications company Ericsson.

Teledyne e2v
Teledyne e2v (previously known as e2v) is a manufacturer with its headquarters in England, that designs, develops and manufactures systems and components in healthcare, life sciences, space, transportation, defence and security and industrial markets. The company was previously known as English Electric Valve Company and for a short time Marconi Applied Technologies. e2v was acquired by US company Teledyne Technologies in March 2017.
Truman College
Harry S Truman College is a public municipal community college in the Uptown community area in the north side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is part of the City Colleges of Chicago system.

The college offers multiple 2-year associate degrees, as well as occupational training in a number of fields.  Located at 1145 West Wilson Avenue in the Uptown neighborhood, the school was named in honor of Harry S. Truman, 33rd U.S. President and a proponent of public colleges and universities. Truman is the largest of the City Colleges of Chicago with a yearly enrollment of over 23,000 students, and has the largest English as a second language and GED program in Illinois.

Richard J. Daley College
Richard J. Daley College is a public municipal community college in the West Lawn community area in the southwestern side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is part of the City Colleges of Chicago system.

The college was founded as William J. Bogan Junior College in 1960 and utilized classrooms in the evenings provided by William J. Bogan High School in the Ashburn neighborhood on the southwest side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. In 1970, the college moved to an interim campus, made of prefab buildings, in the West Lawn neighborhood at 7500 S. Pulaski Road, until the present campus was completed in 1981.

In 1976, a week after the death of Richard J. Daley, the college was renamed in honor of the late mayor.
John Buscema
John Buscema (/bjuːˈsɛmə/ bew-SEM-ə; born Giovanni Natale Buscema, Italian: [dʒoˈvanni naˈtaːle buʃˈʃɛːma]; December 11, 1927 – January 10, 2002) was an American comic book artist and one of the mainstays of Marvel Comics during its 1960s and 1970s ascendancy into an industry leader and its subsequent expansion to a major pop-culture conglomerate. His younger brother Sal Buscema was also a comic book artist.

Buscema is best known for his run on the series The Avengers and The Silver Surfer, and for over 200 stories featuring the sword-and-sorcery hero Conan the Barbarian. In addition, he pencilled at least one issue of nearly every major Marvel title, including long runs on two of the company's top magazines, Fantastic Four and Thor.

He was inducted into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 2002. In October 2024, Buscema was inducted into the Harvey Awards Hall of Fame.

Marvel Comics Super Special
Marvel Comics Super Special was a 41-issue series of one-shot comic-magazines published by American company Marvel Comics from 1977 to 1986. They were cover-priced $1.50 to $2.50, while regular color comics were priced 30 cents to 60 cents, Beginning with issue #5, the series' title in its postal indicia was shortened to Marvel Super Special. Covers featured the title or a variation, including Marvel Super Special, Marvel Super Special Magazine, and Marvel Weirdworld Super Special in small type, accompanied by large logos of its respective features.

These primarily included film and TV series adaptations, but also original and licensed Marvel characters, and music-related biographies and fictional adventures.

Issue #7 was withdrawn after completion, and never published in English. Issue #8 was published in two editorially identical editions, one magazine-sized, one tabloid-sized.
Shuafat
Shuafat (Arabic: شعفاط, romanized: Šuʿafāṭ), also Shu'fat and Sha'fat, is a mostly Palestinian Arab neighborhood of East Jerusalem, forming part of north-eastern Jerusalem. Located on the old Jerusalem–Ramallah road about three miles north of the Old City, Shu'fat has a population of 35,000 residents.

Next to the Shuafat neighbourhood there is a refugee camp of the same name, which was established by King Hussein of Jordan in 1965 to house Palestinian refugees from the Jerusalem, Lydda, Jaffa, and Ramleh areas, after the Muascar camp in the Jewish Quarter of the Old City had been closed.

Shuafat borders Pisgat Ze'ev and Beit Hanina on the north, Shu'fat refugee camp on the east, French Hill on the south, and Ramat Shlomo on the west. Shu'fat is located in the part of the West Bank which was included in the municipal boundaries of Jerusalem after its occupation in 1967.

Ramot, East Jerusalem
Ramot (Hebrew: רָמוֹת, lit. 'Heights'), also known as Ramot Alon (Hebrew: רמות אלון), is an Israeli settlement and neighborhood in East Jerusalem. Ramot was founded in 1974 as one of Jerusalem's so-called "Ring settlements", considered illegal under international law. In 2020, Ramot had a population of 50,400 of which 75% consists of Haredi Jews.
Grind (song)
"Grind" is a song by American rock band Alice in Chains. It is the opening track and the lead single from their third studio album, Alice in Chains (1995). The song was written by Jerry Cantrell, who also sings lead vocals with Layne Staley harmonizing with him. "Grind" spent 16 weeks on the Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart, peaking at number seven. The song was included on the compilation albums Nothing Safe: Best of the Box (1999), Music Bank (1999), Greatest Hits (2001), and The Essential Alice in Chains (2006). It was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock Performance in 1996.

Over Now (Alice in Chains song)
"Over Now" is a song by the American rock band Alice in Chains. Written by Jerry Cantrell, who also sings lead vocals, the song is the last track on the band's third studio album, Alice in Chains (1995), and it is about the 1994 breakup of the band. The song closed the televised broadcast of Alice in Chains' MTV Unplugged performance, and that version was released as a single in 1996. The B-side is the original studio version. The single peaked at No. 4 on Billboard's Mainstream Rock chart, and at No. 24 on the Modern Rock Tracks chart in 1996. The song was included on the live album Unplugged (1996), on the box set Music Bank (1999), and the compilation album The Essential Alice in Chains (2006). The MTV Unplugged concert was the first and only time that Alice in Chains performed the song. It was performed again 23 years later at Jerry Cantrell's solo concert at the Pico Union Project in Los Angeles on December 6, 2019.
Susan Sontag
Susan Lee Sontag (/ˈsɒntæɡ/; January 16, 1933 – December 28, 2004) was an American writer and critic. She mostly wrote essays, but also published novels; she published her first major work, the essay "Notes on 'Camp' ", in 1964. Her best-known works include the critical works Against Interpretation (1966), On Photography (1977), Illness as Metaphor (1978) and Regarding the Pain of Others (2003), the short story "The Way We Live Now" (1986) and the novels The Volcano Lover (1992) and In America (1999).

Sontag was active in writing and speaking about, or traveling to, areas of conflict, including during the Vietnam War and the Siege of Sarajevo. She wrote extensively about literature, cinema, photography and media, illness, war, human rights, and left-wing politics. Her essays and speeches drew backlash and controversy, and she has been called "one of the most influential critics of her generation".

William H. Gass
William Howard Gass (July 30, 1924 – December 6, 2017) was an American novelist, short story writer, essayist, critic, and philosophy professor. He wrote three novels, three collections of short stories, a collection of novellas, and seven volumes of essays, three of which  won National Book Critics Circle Award prizes and one of which, A Temple of Texts (2006), won the Truman Capote Award for Literary Criticism.  His 1995 novel The Tunnel received the American Book Award.  His 2013 novel Middle C won the 2015 William Dean Howells Medal.
Sarah Vaughan
Sarah Lois Vaughan (/vɔːn/,  March 27, 1924 – April 3, 1990) was an American jazz singer and pianist. Nicknamed "Sassy" and "The Divine One", and the "Queen of Bebop", she won two Grammy Awards, including the Lifetime Achievement Award, and was nominated for a total of nine Grammy Awards. She was given an NEA Jazz Masters Award in 1989. Critic Scott Yanow wrote that she had "one of the most wondrous voices of the 20th century".

Annie Ross
Annie Ross (born Annabelle Allan Short; 25 July 1930 – 21 July 2020) was a British-American singer and actress, best known as a member of the influential jazz vocal trio Lambert, Hendricks & Ross. She helped pioneer the vocalese style of jazz singing, with a style described by critic Dave Gelly as "a kind of dreamy watchfulness that is a definition of 1950s hip." In 2010, she was named a Jazz Master by the National Endowment for the Arts.

Kenneth Tynan, who wrote liner notes for Ross, called her "a fallen angel [who] moves us and then brushes off our sympathy with a shrug of her lips."
W31
The W31 was an American nuclear warhead used for two US missiles and as an atomic demolition munition.

The W31 was produced from 1959, with the last versions phased out in 1989.

All versions were roughly the same dimensions and weight: 28–30 in (710–760 mm) in diameter, 39–39.5 in (990–1,000 mm) long, and weighing 900–945 lb (408–429 kg).  The W31 is a boosted fission nuclear bomb.

W33 (nuclear warhead)
The W33 (also known as the Mark 33, T317 and M422) was an American nuclear artillery shell designed for use in the 8-inch (203 mm) M110 howitzer and M115 howitzer.

A total of 2,000 W33 projectiles were produced, with the first production warheads entering the stockpile in 1957. The W33 remained in service until 1992. The warhead used enriched uranium (code named oralloy) as its nuclear fissile material and could be used in two different yield configurations. This required the assembly and insertion of different pits, with the amount of fissile materials used controlling whether the destructive yield was low or high. The highest-yield version of the W33 may have been a boosted fission weapon.
S.C. Salgueiros
Sport Comércio e Salgueiros (Portuguese pronunciation: [sɨˈpɔɾ kuˈmɛɾsi.u i salˈɣɐjɾuʃ]), commonly known as simply Salgueiros, is a Portuguese multi-sports club from the city of Porto, in the northern region of the country. Its most well-known department is its football department but the multi-sports club has also departments for other sports, such as American football, athletics, baseball, and esports.

Founded on 8 December 1911, in the parish of Paranhos, its main men's football team plays in the Campeonato de Portugal, which is the fourth tier of Portuguese football. Although they are based in Paranhos, they currently play their home matches at the neighboring parish of Campanhã's Complexo Desportivo de Campanhã which can accommodate 1,000 spectators.

The football department has a B reserve team, called S.C. Salgueiros B, which plays in lower leagues.

S.C. Campomaiorense
Sporting Clube Campomaiorense, more commonly known as Campomaiorense, was a Portuguese football club from Campo Maior, Portalegre District. The club was founded on the 1 July 1926. The club currently plays at the Estádio Capitão Cesar Correia which holds a seating capacity of 7500. The club has played in Portugal's top football division, the Primeira Liga, for five seasons and reached the 1999 Taça de Portugal final.

Campomaiorense is part of the Portalegre Football Association, which is the football association in charge of the Portalegre district's football matters. In its entire history, the club has won eight major trophies: the Portuguese Second Division in the 1991–92 season, the Liga de Honra in the 1996–97 season, the AF Portalegre First Division on four occasions (1962–63, 1969–70, 1971–72, 2011–12), the Campeonato de Portalegre in 1946 and the AF Portalegre Supertaça in the 2011–12 season.
Pedro Lamy
José Pedro Mourão Nunes Lamy Viçoso, OIH, known as Pedro Lamy (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpeðɾu laˈmi]; born 20 March 1972), is a Portuguese former professional racing driver. He was the first Portuguese driver to score a point in a Formula One World Championship event, in the 1995 Australian Grand Prix, for Minardi.

Sam Bird
Sam Jamie Bird (born 9 January 1987) is a British professional racing driver who last raced in Formula E. He won the LMP2 title at the 2015 FIA World Endurance Championship, and was runner-up at the 2013 GP2 Series and the LMGTE Pro class at the 2016 FIA World Endurance Championship. Bird has also claimed 12 wins in Formula E, with a best season result of third in 2017–18.

Bird's final season in Formula E came in the form of 18th place in the standings, with 31 points. This was the 2024-25 season, being his last due to McLaren's exit from Formula E to pursue their entrance to the World Endurance Championship for 2027.

Bird's all time Formula E stats are complied of 141 race starts, 12 wins, 27 podiums and six pole positions. Bird has a total of 916 championship points, 12 fastest laps and 318 laps led. These accolades come after 11 seasons of the Formula E championship.
ASC Jaraaf
Association Sportive et Culturelle Jaraaf is a Senegalese professional football club based in Dakar. They play in the top division in Senegalese football. Their home stadium is Stade de Diaraf.

ASC Jaraaf is the most popular club in Senegal. The club also has the most competitive honours won in Senegal, totaling to 28.

US Ouakam
Union Sportive Ouakam (estimate Wolof form: Wakaam), abbreviation: USO is a Senegalese football club based in Dakar in the subdivision of Ouakam in the west of the city close to Cap Vert.

They play in the top division in Senegalese football. Their home stadium is Stade de Ngor.
Analytic number theory
In mathematics, analytic number theory is a branch of number theory that uses methods from mathematical analysis to solve problems about the integers. It is often said to have begun with Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet's 1837 introduction of Dirichlet L-functions to give the first proof of Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions. It is well known for its results on prime numbers (involving the Prime Number Theorem and Riemann zeta function) and additive number theory (such as the Goldbach conjecture and Waring's problem).

Exponential sum
In mathematics, an exponential sum may be a finite Fourier series (i.e. a trigonometric polynomial), or other finite sum formed using the exponential function, usually expressed by means of the function

Therefore, a typical exponential sum may take the form

summed over a finite sequence of real numbers xn.
Ludowici, Georgia
Ludowici (/ˌluːdəˈwɪsɪ/) is a city in Long County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2020 census, Ludowici had a population of 1,590. The city is the county seat of Long County. It is a part of the Hinesville-Fort Stewart metropolitan area.

Within the city, the Long County Courthouse and Ludowici Well Pavilion are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Georgia State Route 57
State Route 57 (SR 57) is a 178.5-mile-long (287.3 km) state highway that travels northwest-to-southeast through portions of Bibb, Jones, Twiggs, Wilkinson, Washington, Johnson, Emanuel, Candler, Tattnall, Long, and McIntosh counties in the central and southeastern parts of the U.S. state of Georgia. The route connects the eastern part of the Macon area to the Eulonia area, via Swainsboro, Reidsville, & Glennville.

The portion from US 80/SR 19 in East Macon to former SR 243 southwest of Gordon is part of the Fall Line Freeway, a highway that connects Columbus and Augusta. It may also be incorporated into the proposed eastern extension of Interstate 14 (I-14), which is currently entirely within Central Texas and may eventually be extended into Augusta.