hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Badminton World Federation
The Badminton World Federation, aka BWF, is the international governing body for the sport of badminton approved by the International Olympic Committee. It was founded on 5 July 1934, as the International Badminton Federation with nine member nations: Canada, Denmark, England, France, Ireland, Netherlands, New Zealand, Scotland, and Wales. In 1981, the IBF merged with the World Badminton Federation, and on 24 September 2006, at the Extraordinary General Meeting in Madrid, the name of the organization was changed to Badminton World Federation.

When the BWF was founded, its head office was located in Cheltenham, UK. It was then relocated to Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on October 1, 2005. Khunying Patama Leeswadtrakul of Thailand is the current president. The BWF has 202 member associations around the world, organized into five continental confederations.

China Open (badminton)
The China Open (Chinese: 中国羽毛球公开赛) is an annual badminton tournament held in People's Republic of China. It became part of the BWF Super Series tournaments in 2007. BWF categorised China Open as one of the three BWF World Tour Super 1000 events in the BWF events structure since 2018.
Slovakia in the Eurovision Song Contest
Slovakia has been represented at the Eurovision Song Contest seven times, debuting in 1994. It had attempted to debut in 1993, but did not pass through the qualifying round. In the first three finals that Slovakia participated in, it placed no better than 18th, which it achieved in 1996. Due to poor results, Slovakia was relegated in 1995, 1997 and 1999, and declined to return to the contest in 2000. The country returned in 2009, although it withdrew again within four years, having failed to qualify for the final every year since its return.

North Macedonia in the Eurovision Song Contest
North Macedonia, presented as F.Y.R. Macedonia until 2019, has been represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 21 times since its debut in 1998. The country had attempted to participate in 1996, but failed to qualify from the audio-only qualifying round. The Macedonian participating broadcaster in the contest is the Macedonian Radio Television (MRT).

Having qualified from the semi-final round only once in ten of the previous eleven contests (2008–2018), North Macedonia achieved its best result to date in 2019, when "Proud" by Tamara Todevska qualified and finished in seventh place in the final after winning the jury vote; previously, its best result was with "Ninanajna" performed by Elena Risteska in 2006. Following a further two non-qualifications, MRT opted out of participating in 2023 and has yet to return.
Allegheny Airlines
Allegheny Airlines was a local service carrier, a scheduled airline that operated out of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, from 1953 to 1979, with routes primarily located in the Eastern United States. It was the direct predecessor of USAir, which was subsequently renamed US Airways, which itself merged with American Airlines. Its headquarters were at Washington National Airport in Arlington County, Virginia.

Ozark Air Lines
Ozark Air Lines was a local service carrier, a scheduled airline in the United States that operated from 1950 until it was purchased by Trans World Airlines (TWA) in 1986. Ozark got a second chance to be an airline when the carrier that won the routes for which Ozark applied, Parks Air Lines, failed to start them in a timely manner. Parks had its rights revoked, Ozark won not only the routes it previously applied for, but others as well. Parks merged into Ozark and Ozark (then without any airline operations) took over the Parks operation and the single route over which Parks had recently started service, thereby launching Ozark. Ozark over time became a jet carrier with a hub in St. Louis.

In 2001, TWA was merged into American Airlines. A smaller regional airline that used the Ozark name (and whose operating certificate was purchased by Great Plains Airlines) operated in 2000–2001. From 1950 until 1986, Ozark's headquarters was located at St. Louis Lambert International Airport.
NK GOŠK-Dubrovnik 1919
NK GOŠK-Dubrovnik 1919 is a professional football club based in the city of Dubrovnik, Croatia. Its name comes from the Gruž neighbourhood of the city (Gruški Omladinski Športski Klub, in English Gruž Youth Sports Club).

Yugoslav Second League
Yugoslav Second League (Bosnian: Druga savezna liga, Croatian: Druga savezna liga, Serbian: Друга савезна лига, Slovenian: Druga zvezna liga, Macedonian: Втора сојузна лига, Vtora sojuzna liga) was the second tier football league of SFR Yugoslavia. The top clubs were promoted to the top tier, the Yugoslav First League.

Although the Yugoslav First League had existed since 1923, the unified Second League was only introduced in 1947. It existed until 1992.
Richard E. Byrd
Richard Evelyn Byrd Jr. (October 25, 1888 – March 11, 1957) was an American naval officer, and pioneering aviator, polar explorer, and organizer of polar logistics. Aircraft flights in which he served as a navigator and expedition leader crossed the Atlantic Ocean, a segment of the Arctic Ocean, and a segment of the Antarctic Plateau. He is also known for discovering Mount Sidley, the largest dormant volcano in Antarctica.

Byrd claimed to be the first to reach both the North and South Poles by air. However, there is some controversy as to whether he was actually the first person to reach the North Pole. It is generally believed that the distance he claimed to have flown was longer than the possible fuel range of his airplane.

He was a recipient of the Medal of Honor, the United States Armed Forces' highest military decoration, and the Navy Cross, the second highest honor for valor given by the U.S. Navy.

James L. Clark
James Lippitt Clark (18 November 1883 in Providence, Rhode Island – 1969) was a distinguished American explorer, sculptor and scientist.

Following his studies at the Rhode Island School of Design and his training at the Gorham Silver Company, he worked at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. In 1908, he spent time studying wildlife in Wyoming, and then traveled to Africa with Arthur Radclyffe Dugmore to take photographs for Collier's Weekly. On this trip Clark produced the "first film to record African wildlife." He brought back specimens for hunters like Theodore Roosevelt and for American museums. He returned regularly to Africa and also traveled to Asia to collect zoological specimens. Clark was a member of the National Sculpture Society, the New York Zoological Society, and the American Geographical Society.
Ohuhu people
The Ohuhu listenⓘ clan of Umuahia north in Abia State Nigeria of the Igbo people, also referred to as Ohonhaw, form a unique  community of people in Umuahia, Abia state, Nigeria, consisting of several Autonomous Communities including Umukabia, Ohiya, Isingwu, Umule Eke-Okwuru, Ofeme, Afugiri, Nkwoegwu, Umuawa, Ekeoba, Oriendu, Umudiawa, Umungasi, Akpahia, Umuagu, Amaogwugwu, Umuhu-Okigha, Amaogwugwu called Eziama/ Amaudo in Ohuhu etc. Ohuhu was formerly known as Umuhu-la-Okaiuga, or better-known as Ohu-ahia-la-otu. Until 1949, the Umuopara clan used to be part of Ohuhu before they were carved out politically.

Ikwuano
Ikwuano listenⓘ is a Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is in Isiala Oboro. The name 'Ikwuano' etymologically indicates that there are four different ancient kingdoms that make up the community called Ikwuano. These include Oboro, Ibere, Ariam/Usaka and Oloko.

The postal code of the area is 440. It is one of the five Local Government Areas that make up the Abia Central Senatorial District. As at 2024, the executive chairman is Dr. Anthony Nzeribe Nwaubani. Obi Aguocha currently serves as the Federal Representative representing Ikwuano/Umuahia North and South Federal Constituency at the House of Representatives. The member representing Ikwuano State Constituency at the Abia State House of Assembly is Engr. Boniface Isienyi.
Pyrimidine
Pyrimidine (C4H4N2; /pɪˈrɪ.mɪˌdiːn, paɪˈrɪ.mɪˌdiːn/) is an aromatic, heterocyclic, organic compound similar to pyridine (C5H5N). One of the three diazines (six-membered heterocyclics with two nitrogen atoms in the ring), it has nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 in the ring.: 250  The other diazines are pyrazine (nitrogen atoms at the 1 and 4 positions) and pyridazine (nitrogen atoms at the 1 and 2 positions).

In nucleic acids, three types of nucleobases are pyrimidine derivatives: cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U).

Carbonyl group
In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group with the formula C=O, composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, and it is divalent at the C atom. It is common to several classes of organic compounds (such as aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acid), as part of many larger functional groups. A compound containing a carbonyl group is often referred to as a carbonyl compound.

The term carbonyl can also refer to carbon monoxide as a ligand in an inorganic or organometallic complex (a metal carbonyl, e.g. nickel carbonyl).

The remainder of this article concerns itself with the organic chemistry definition of carbonyl, such that carbon and oxygen share a double bond.
Near South Side, Chicago
The Near South Side is one of the 77 community areas of Chicago in Illinois, United States, just south of the downtown central business district, the Loop.

The Near South Side's boundaries are as follows: North—Roosevelt Road (1200 S); South—26th Street; West—Chicago River between Roosevelt and 18th Street, Clark Street between 18th Street and Cermak Road, Federal between Cermak Road and the Stevenson Expressway just south of 25th Street, and Clark Street again between the Stevenson and 26th Street; and East—Lake Michigan.

Along Lake Shore Drive, the Near South Side includes some of Chicago's best-known structures: Soldier Field, home of the NFL's Chicago Bears; McCormick Place, Chicago's primary convention center; the Museum Campus, which contains the Field Museum, the Shedd Aquarium, and the Adler Planetarium; and Northerly Island. The area is currently undergoing a major residential and mixed-use redevelopment.

Oakland, Chicago
Oakland is one of the 77 community areas of Chicago in Illinois, United States. It is located on the South Side of Chicago.

Bordered by 35th and 43rd Streets, Cottage Grove Avenue and Lake Shore Drive, the Oakland area was developed between 1872 and 1905. Some of Chicago's great old homes may be seen on Drexel Boulevard. The late 19th-century Monument Baptist Church on Oakwood Blvd. is modeled after Boston's Trinity Church. Oakwood/41st Street Beach in Burnham Park is at 4100 S. Lake Shore Drive. With an area of only 0.6 sq mi Oakland is the smallest community area by area in Chicago.
Apamea, Syria
Apamea  (Greek: Ἀπάμεια, Apameia; Arabic: أفامية, romanized: afāmiyah), on the right bank of the Orontes River, was an ancient Greek and Roman city. It was the capital of Apamene under the Macedonians, became the capital and Metropolitan Archbishopric of late Roman province Syria Secunda, again in the crusader period.

Amongst the impressive ancient remains, the site includes the Great Colonnade which ran for nearly 2 km (1.2 mi) making it among the longest in the Roman world and the Roman Theatre, one of the largest surviving theatres of the Roman Empire with an estimated seating capacity in excess of 20,000.

The site lies on the edge of the modern town of Qalaat al-Madiq, about 55 km (34 mi) to the northwest of Hama, Syria, overlooking the Ghab valley.

Adarmahan
Adarmahān (in Greek sources given as Ἀδααρμάνης, Adaarmanes; fl. late 6th century) was a Persian general active in the western frontier of the Sassanid Empire against the East Roman (Byzantine) forces, during the Byzantine–Sassanid War of 572–591.

Alberto Bernard (2023) identifies the general with Wahrām ī Nām-xwāst-Husraw Ādurmāhān, Spahbed of Nēmrōz, known from stamped clay sealings, and the "vizier Bahrām-e Āḏarmāhān" in Muslim sources.
Country Airplay
Country Airplay is a chart published weekly by Billboard magazine in the United States since October 20, 2012, although the magazine also retrospectively recognizes the Hot Country Songs charts from January 20, 1990, through October 13, 2012, as part of the history of the Country Airplay listing.  The chart lists the 60 most-listened-to records played on 150 mainstream country radio stations across the country as monitored by Nielsen BDS, weighted to each station's Nielsen ratings.

The first number-one song actually published under the Country Airplay banner was "Take a Little Ride" by Jason Aldean; but as Billboard also recognizes the history of the Hot Country Songs chart since 1990 as part of this chart, the magazine recognizes the first chart-topper as "Nobody's Home" by Clint Black.

Dan + Shay
Dan + Shay is an American country duo composed of vocalists and songwriters Dan Smyers and Shay Mooney. They are signed to Warner Records Nashville and have released six albums, Where It All Began, Obsessed, Dan + Shay, Good Things, Bigger Houses and It's Officially Christmas: The Double Album. Of their nine singles, five have topped the Country Airplay chart and three have topped the Hot Country Songs chart. The duo have collaborated with Justin Bieber, Charlie Puth, Rascal Flatts, Lindsey Stirling, RaeLynn, and Kelly Clarkson. From 2019 to 2021, the duo won three consecutive Grammy Awards for Best Country Duo/Group Performance for the songs "Tequila", "Speechless", and "10,000 Hours" (with Justin Bieber).
Ytre Oppedal
Ytre Oppedal or Oppedal is a village and ferry terminal in Gulen Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It lies on the shores of the Oppedalsvika inlet along the south side of the Sognefjorden, east of where the Risnefjorden empties into the Sognefjorden. The village lies on both sides of the river Oppedalselva, which flows directly to the ferry port. The village of Brekke lies west of Oppedal, on the opposite side of the Risnefjorden.

The European route E39 highway runs north to Oppedal to the ferry quay at Ytre Oppdal where the highway crosses the Sognefjorden via MV Ampere ferry route to the village of Lavik in Høyanger Municipality where it continues to the north.  The Norwegian County Road 8 (Fv8) runs from Oppedal to the east to the neighboring village of Indre Oppedal and then it keeps going east into Høyanger Municipality.

Vestland
Vestland is a county in Norway. The county is located in Western Norway, and its administrative centre is Bergen, where the executive and political leadership is based. The County Governor is based in Hermansverk. Vestland is one of two counties in Norway that have Nynorsk as their official written language form.

Vestland was created on 1 January 2020, when the former counties of Hordaland and Sogn og Fjordane were merged.
BBC Radio Derby
BBC Radio Derby is the BBC's local radio station serving Derbyshire and East Staffordshire.

It broadcasts on FM, AM, DAB, digital TV and via BBC Sounds from studios on St Helens Street in Derby.

According to RAJAR, the station has a weekly audience of 95,000 listeners as of May 2025.

BBC Radio Shropshire
BBC Radio Shropshire is the BBC's local radio station serving Shropshire.

It broadcasts on FM, DAB, digital TV and via BBC Sounds from studios on Boscobel Drive in Shrewsbury.

According to RAJAR, the station has a weekly audience of 77,000 listeners as of May 2025.
Anthropology
Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity that crosses biology and sociology, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including archaic humans. Social anthropology studies patterns of behaviour, while cultural anthropology studies cultural meaning, including norms and values. The term sociocultural anthropology is commonly used today. Linguistic anthropology studies how language influences social life. Biological (or physical) anthropology studies the biology and evolution of humans and their close primate relatives.

Archaeology, often referred to as the "anthropology of the past," explores human activity by examining physical remains. In North America and Asia, it is generally regarded as a branch of anthropology, whereas in Europe, it is considered either an independent discipline or classified under related fields like history and palaeontology.

Paul Broca
Paul Pierre Broca (/ˈbroʊkə/, also UK: /ˈbrɒkə/, US: /ˈbroʊkɑː/, French: [pɔl bʁɔka]; 28 June 1824 – 9 July 1880) was a French physician, anatomist and anthropologist. He is best known for his research on Broca's area, a region of the frontal lobe that is  named after him. Broca's area is involved with language. His work revealed that the brains of patients with aphasia contained lesions in a particular part of the cortex, in the left frontal region. This was the first anatomical proof of localization of brain function.

Broca's work contributed to the development of physical anthropology, advancing the science of anthropometry, and craniometry, in particular, the now-discredited practice of determining intelligence. He was engaged in comparative anatomy of primates and humans and proposed that Negroes were an intermediate form between apes and Europeans. He saw each racial group as its own species and believed racial mixing eventually led to sterility.
Façade
A façade or facade (/fəˈsɑːd/ ⓘ; ) is the front part or exterior of a building. It is a loanword from the French façade (pronounced [fasad]), which means "frontage" or "face".

In architecture, the façade of a building is often the most important aspect from a design standpoint, as it sets the tone for the rest of the building. From the engineering perspective, the façade is also of great importance due to its impact on energy efficiency. For historical façades, many local zoning regulations or other laws greatly restrict or even forbid their alteration.

Outside of architecture, "façade" is used to describe a deceptive outward appearance.

Venetian window
A Venetian window (also known as a Serlian or Palladian window or Serlian motif)  is a distinctive architectural element that consists of a central arched window flanked by two smaller rectangular windows. This design is often used in classical architecture and has been widely employed in Renaissance, Baroque, and Neoclassical buildings. Although Sebastiano Serlio (1475–1554) did not invent it, the window features largely in the work of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio (1508–1580) and is almost a trademark of his early career. The true Palladian window is an elaborated version. Both the Venetian window or Serlian window and the Palladian window were inspired by Hellenistic and Roman examples which are part of the classical tradition and related to prestige and sacredness.
Scarlet minivet
The scarlet minivet (Pericrocotus speciosus) is a small passerine bird in the cuckooshrike family Campephagidae. This minivet is found in tropical southern Asia from Northeast India to southern China, Indonesia, and the Philippines. They are common resident breeding birds in forests and other well-wooded habitats including gardens, especially in hilly country. While the male of most subspecies are scarlet to orange with black upper parts, the females are usually yellow with greyish olive upper parts. Several former subspecies have been elevated to a species status in recent works. These include the orange minivet.  All subspecies have the same habits of gleaning for insects and are often seen in mixed-species foraging flocks, usually foraging in small groups, high up in the forest canopy.

Blue-throated barbet
The blue-throated barbet (Psilopogon asiaticus) is a green Asian barbet native to the foothills of the Himalayas and Southeast Asia.  It inhabits lowland and montane forests at elevations of 200–2,000 m (660–6,560 ft), frequenting fruiting trees.  Due to its green colour, it is difficult to spot but is easily located by its continual loud calls.  Sexes are similar in most respects and share domestic duties.
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang ([ɕwǎn.tsʊ́ŋ]; 8 September 685 – 3 May 762), personal name Li Longji, was an emperor of the Tang dynasty of China, reigning from 712 to 756. His reign of 44 years was the longest during the Tang dynasty. Through two palace coups, he seized the throne and inherited an empire still in its golden age. He was initially assisted by capable chancellors like Yao Chong, Song Jing and Zhang Yue who were already serving as government officials before Xuanzong ascended the throne. However, under Emperor Xuanzong, the empire reached its turning point and went into sharp decline and near collapse, due to numerous political missteps throughout his long reign, such as over-trusting chancellors Li Linfu, Yang Guozhong and general An Lushan, with Tang's golden age ending in the An Lushan rebellion.

Śubhakarasiṃha
Śubhakarasiṃha (637–735 CE) (traditional Chinese: 善無畏; ; pinyin: Shànwúwèi; Japanese pronunciation: Zenmui; Korean: 선무외; romaja: Seonmuoe; Vietnamese: Thiện Vô Uý) was an eminent Indian Buddhist monk and translator  of Esoteric Buddhist texts.

He originally studied in Nalanda monastery and later arrived in the Chinese capital Chang'an (now Xi'an) in 716 CE and translated the Mahāvairocana Abhisaṃbodhi Tantra, better known as the Mahāvairocana Sūtra. Four years later another master, Vajrabodhi (670–741 CE), and his pupil Amoghavajra (705–775 CE), would arrive and proceeded to translate other scriptures, thus establishing a second esoteric tradition. Along with these other masters, Śubhakarasiṃha was responsible for bringing Esoteric Buddhism to the height of its popularity in China.
Chuck Billy
Charles Billy (born June 23, 1962) is an American singer who is best known as the lead vocalist for thrash metal band Testament. Formed in the 1980s, Testament has become one of the most popular and influential bands of the thrash metal scene. Billy joined the band in 1986, and he and guitarist Eric Peterson are the only members to appear on all of their fourteen studio albums.

Greg Christian
Gregory Christian (born April 29, 1966) is an American musician who is the former bassist for thrash metal band Testament. He left the band in 1996, but rejoined in 2004 and left again in 2014. In addition to Testament, Christian has also played in HavocHate and Trinity Fallen, and later served as the bassist for Trauma. He is known for his finger playing style and jazz-like bass parts, which can be heard on Testament songs such as "Souls of Black" and "Disciples of the Watch", although he has also occasionally been seen using a guitar pick. Christian also performed backing vocals in Testament.
Scandinavian York
Scandinavian York (Jórvík) or Viking York (Old Norse: Jórvík) is a term used by historians for what is now Yorkshire during the period of Scandinavian domination after the Viking invasion in 865 (interlaced with brief periods of Anglo-Saxon control as battles would breakout) until it was annexed and integrated into England after the Norman Conquest in 1066; in particular, it is used to refer to York, the city controlled by this ebb and flow of Viking and Anglo-Saxon kings and earls, including the period when Viking King Cnut ruled all of England, part of his North Sea Empire, until his death in 1035. The Kingdom of Jórvík was closely associated with the longer-lived Kingdom of Dublin throughout this period.

Battle of Tettenhall
The Battle of Tettenhall (sometimes called the Battle of Wednesfield or Wōdnesfeld) took place, according to the chronicler Æthelweard, near Tettenhall on 5 August 910. The allied forces of Mercia and Wessex met an army of Northumbrian Vikings in Mercia.