hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2023–24 PlusLiga
The 2023–24 PlusLiga was the 88th season of the Polish Volleyball Championship, the 71st season of the highest tier domestic division in the Polish volleyball league system since its establishment in 1954, and the 24th season as a professional league. The league is operated by the Polish Volleyball League SA (Polish: Polska Liga Siatkówki SA).

This season was composed of 16 teams, including the Ukrainian team of Barkom-Kazhany Lviv. The regular season was played as a round-robin tournament. Each team played a total of 30 matches, half at home and half away. The season started on 20 October 2023 and concluded on 28 April 2024.

Jastrzębski Węgiel won their 4th title of the Polish Champions, beating Aluron CMC Warta Zawiercie in the finals.

2024–25 Polish Men's Volleyball Cup
The 2024–25 Polish Cup was the 68th edition of the Polish Volleyball Cup tournament.

Jastrzębski Węgiel beat Aluron CMC Warta Zawiercie in a rematch of the last season's final (3–1) and won their second Polish Cup. Tomasz Fornal was named MVP of the finals.
Romanization of Bulgarian
Romanization of Bulgarian is the practice of transliteration of text in Bulgarian from its conventional Cyrillic orthography into the Latin alphabet. Romanization can be used for various purposes, such as rendering of proper names and place names in foreign-language contexts, or for informal writing of Bulgarian in environments where Cyrillic is not easily available. Official use of romanization by Bulgarian authorities is found, for instance, in identity documents and in road signage. Several different standards of transliteration exist, one of which was chosen and made mandatory for common use by the Bulgarian authorities in a law of 2009.

Lyubomir Ivanov (explorer)
Lyubomir Ivanov (Bulgarian: Любомир Иванов, born 7 October 1952 in Sofia) is a Bulgarian scientist, non-governmental activist, and Antarctic explorer.  He is a graduate of the St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia with M.S. degree in mathematics in 1977. He earned his PhD from Sofia University in 1980, under the direction of Dimiter Skordev with a dissertation titled Iterative Operative Spaces, and was the 1987 winner of Acad. Nikola Obreshkov Prize, the highest Bulgarian award in mathematics.
Nukuʻalofa
Nukuʻalofa (/ˌnuːkuəˈloʊfə/ NOO-koo-ə-LOH-fə, Tongan: [nukuʔaˈlofa]) is the capital and largest city of Tonga. It is located on the north coast of the island of Tongatapu, in the country's southernmost island group.

Muʻa (Tongatapu)
Muʻa is a small town in the Hahake (eastern) district on the island of Tongatapu, and it was for centuries the ancient capital of the Tuʻi Tonga Empire. It is divided in the villages Lapaha and Tatakamotonga, is close to Talasiu and famous for the ancient langi (royal burial tombs).
Tonga people (Malawi)
The Tonga (also called Nyasa Tonga) are an  ethnic group living in northern Malawi in Nkhata Bay District. The Nyasa Tongas speak a dialect of Chitumbuka called Chitonga.

Their language dialect and Tonga people of Zambia and Zimbabwe belong to different branches of the Bantu family and are not related.

Lambya people
The Lambya are an ethnic and linguistic group based along the border of northwestern Malawi, Ileje and in Momba District of Songwe Region, Tanzania. A minority also exists in Zambia. In 2001, the Lambya population was estimated to number about 85,000 (45,000 in Malawi and 40,000) (from a 1987 estimate)) in Tanzania. The Lambyas in Malawi speak Lambya language mainly by elders in rural areas, but the majority as well as young people speak Chitumbuka, which is the lingua franca of the Northern and some Central parts of Malawi.

The Lambyas in Malawi are ruled by Senior Chief Mwaulambya Chieftaincy. The headquarters of the chief is in Chinunkha, Chitipa district.
Kitchener, Ontario
Kitchener is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario, about 100 km (62 mi) west of Toronto. It is one of three cities that make up the Regional Municipality of Waterloo and is the regional seat. Kitchener was known as Berlin until a 1916 referendum changed its name. The city covers an area of 136.86 km2, and had a population of 256,885 at the time of the 2021 Canadian census.

The Regional Municipality of Waterloo has 673,910 people as of year-end 2023, making it the 10th-largest census metropolitan area (CMA) in Canada and the fourth-largest CMA in Ontario. Kitchener and Waterloo are considered "twin cities", which are often referred to jointly as "Kitchener–Waterloo" (K–W), although they have separate municipal governments.

Benjamin Eby
Bishop Benjamin Eby (2 May 1785 – 28 June 1853) was a Canadian minister, schoolteacher, farmer, author, and community leader. He was a pioneer of the Mennonite community in Canada
 and a strong proponent of nonresistance.
Egyptian slit-faced bat
The Egyptian slit-faced bat (Nycteris thebaica) is a species of slit-faced bat broadly distributed throughout Africa and the Middle East. It is a species of microbat in the family Nycteridae. Six subspecies are known.

Parissi's slit-faced bat
Parissi's slit-faced bat (Nycteris parisii) is a species of slit-faced bat that may live in dry savanna regions of East Africa, near the Duba Valley and Benue River along with large rivers. It is only known from three specimens. One was found in northern Cameroon, one from southern Ethiopia, and the third from southern Somalia. Another possible specimen was found in West Africa, but it may be a member of a separate species, N. benuensis.

No specimens have been found since the 1980s. Little is known about the biology or behavior of N. parisii, and roosts have never been found.
Hemel Hempstead Town F.C.
Hemel Hempstead Town Football Club is a semi-professional football club based in Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, England. Affiliated to the Hertfordshire County Football Association, they are currently members of the National League South and play at Vauxhall Road.

Barton Rovers F.C.
Barton Rovers Football Club is a semi-professional football club based in Barton-le-Clay, Bedfordshire, England. The club are currently members of the Southern League Division One Central and play at Sharpenhoe Road. They are affiliated to the Bedfordshire Football Association.
Rigoletto
Rigoletto is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi. The Italian libretto was written by Francesco Maria Piave based on the 1832 play Le roi s'amuse by Victor Hugo. Despite serious initial problems with the Austrian censors who had control over northern Italian theatres at the time, the opera had a triumphant premiere at La Fenice in Venice on 11 March 1851.

The work, Verdi's sixteenth in the genre, is widely considered to be the first of the operatic masterpieces of Verdi's middle-to-late career. Its tragic story revolves around the licentious Duke of Mantua, his hunch-backed court jester Rigoletto, and Rigoletto's daughter Gilda. The opera's original title, La maledizione (The Curse), refers to a curse placed on both the Duke and Rigoletto by the Count Monterone, whose daughter the Duke has seduced with Rigoletto's encouragement. The curse comes to fruition when Gilda falls in love with the Duke and sacrifices her life to save him from the assassin hired by her father.

Amelia Goes to the Ball
Amelia al ballo (Amelia Goes to the Ball) is a one-act opera buffa by Gian Carlo Menotti, who set his own Italian libretto. Composed during 1936 when Menotti was in his mid-twenties, it was the composer's first mature opera and first critical success. The opera recounts a series of farcical events as a young Italian socialite overcomes obstacles to her attendance at the first ball of the season.
Noah Grand Ship In Nagoya 2022
NOAH Grand Ship In Nagoya 2022 was a professional wrestling event promoted by CyberFight's sub-brand Pro Wrestling Noah. It took place on September 25, 2022, in Nagoya, Japan, at the Aichi Prefectural Gymnasium. The event aired on CyberAgent's AbemaTV online linear television service and CyberFight's streaming service Wrestle Universe.

The event featured nine matches with four of Noah's five championships on the line. The main event saw 2022 N-1 Victory winner Kaito Kiyomiya defeat Kenoh to win the GHC Heavyweight Championship for the second time. Other top matches included Satoshi Kojima and Takashi Sugiura defeating Sugiura-gun (Hideki Suzuki and Timothy Thatcher) to win the GHC Tag Team Championship, and Atsushi Kotoge and Seiki Yoshioka defeated Stinger stablemates Chris Ridgeway and Yoshinari Ogawa to win the GHC Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship.

Noah The Best 2022
NOAH The Best 2022 was a professional wrestling event promoted by CyberFight's sub-brand Pro Wrestling Noah. It took place on November 23, 2022, in Tokyo, Japan, at the Yoyogi National Gymnasium. The event aired on CyberAgent's AbemaTV online linear television service and CyberFight's streaming service Wrestle Universe.

Eight matches were contested at the event, and two of Noah's five championships were on the line. The main event saw El Hijo del Dr. Wagner Jr. defeat Yoshiki Inamura to retain the GHC National Championship. In another prominent match, Full Throttle (Atsushi Kotoge and Seiki Yoshioka) defeated Kongo stablemates Hajime Ohara and Shuji Kondo to win the GHC Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship.
Osella
Formula One portal

Osella is an Italian racing car manufacturer and former Formula One team. They participated in 132 Grands Prix between 1980 and 1990. They achieved two points finishes and scored five world championship points.

RAM Racing
RAM Racing was a British Formula One racing team which competed during the racing seasons of 1976 to 1985. The team entered other manufacturers' chassis from 1976 to 1980, then ran March's team from 1981 to 1983, only entering a car entirely their own in 1984 and 1985. They scored no championship points.
Kalininsky District, Tver Oblast
Kalininsky District  (Russian: Кали́нинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast and borders with Likhoslavlsky District in the north, Rameshkovsky District in the northeast, Kimrsky District in the east, Konakovsky District in the southeast, Lotoshinsky District of Moscow Oblast in the south, Staritsky District in the southwest, and with Torzhoksky District in the west. The area of the district is 4,244.7 square kilometers (1,638.9 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Tver (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 52,047 (2010 Census);  54,857 (2002 Census); 58,330 (1989 Soviet census).

Zubtsovsky District
Zubtsovsky District  (Russian: Зубцо́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast and borders with Staritsky District in the north, Lotoshinsky District of Moscow Oblast in the northeast, Shakhovskoy District, also of Moscow Oblast, in the east, Gagarinsky District of Smolensk Oblast in the south, Sychyovsky District, also of Smolensk Oblast, in the southwest, and with Rzhevsky District in the west. The area of the district is 2,166.5 square kilometers (836.5 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Zubtsov. Population: 17,216 (2010 Census);  19,398 (2002 Census); 21,950 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Zubtsov accounts for 40.2% of the district's total population.
Grand Circus Park Historic District
The Grand Circus Park Historic District contains the 5-acre (2.0 ha) Grand Circus Park in Downtown Detroit, Michigan that connects the theatre district with its financial district. It is bisected by Woodward Avenue, four blocks north of Campus Martius Park, and is roughly bounded by Clifford, John R. and Adams Streets. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The building at 25 West Elizabeth Street was added to the district in 2000, and additional structures located within the district, but built between 1932 and 1960, were approved for inclusion in 2012.

List of neighborhoods in Detroit
This list of neighborhoods in Detroit, the United States, provides a general overview of neighborhoods and historic districts within the city. Neighborhood names and boundaries vary in their formality; some are well defined and long established, while others are more informal. Further names and boundaries have evolved over time due to development or changes in demographics. Woodward Avenue, a major a north–south thoroughfare, serves as a demarcation for neighborhood areas on the east side and west side of the city.
National Communications System
The National Communications System (NCS) was an office within the United States Department of Homeland Security charged with enabling national security and emergency preparedness communications (NS/EP telecommunications) using the national telecommunications system. The NCS was disbanded by Executive Order 13618 on July 6, 2012.

United States Department of Homeland Security
The United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is the U.S. federal executive department responsible for public security, roughly comparable to the interior, home, or public security ministries in other countries. Its missions involve anti-terrorism, civil defense, immigration and customs, border control, cybersecurity, transportation security, maritime security and sea rescue, and the mitigation of weapons of mass destruction.

It began operations on March 1, 2003, after being formed as a result of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, enacted in response to the September 11 attacks. With more than 240,000 employees, DHS is the third-largest Cabinet department, after the departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs. Homeland security policy is coordinated at the White House by the Homeland Security Council. Other agencies with significant homeland security responsibilities include the departments of Health and Human Services, Justice, and Energy.
Tongue River (Montana)
The Tongue River is a tributary of the Yellowstone River, approximately 265 mi (426 km) long, in the U.S. states of Wyoming and Montana. The Tongue rises in Wyoming in the Big Horn Mountains, flows generally northeast through northern Wyoming and southeastern Montana, and empties into the Yellowstone River at Miles City, Montana. Most of the course of the river is through the beautiful and varied landscapes of eastern Montana, including the Tongue River Canyon, the Tongue River breaks, the pine hills of southern Montana, and the buttes and grasslands that were formerly the home of vast migratory herds of American bison.

The Tongue River watershed encompasses parts of the Cheyenne and Crow Reservations in Montana. The headwaters lie on the Bighorn National Forest in Wyoming, and the watershed encompasses the Ashland Ranger District of the Custer National Forest. The river's name corresponds to Cheyenne /vetanoveo'he/, where /vetanove/ means "tongue" and /o'he'e/ means "river".

Clarks Fork Yellowstone River
The Clarks Fork of the Yellowstone River (sometimes called the Clark's Fork River) is a tributary of the Yellowstone River, 150 mi (241 km) long in the U.S. states of Montana and Wyoming.

It rises in southern Montana, in the Gallatin National Forest in the Beartooth Mountains, approximately 4 mi (6 km) northeast of Cooke City and southwest of Granite Peak. It flows southeast into the Shoshone National Forest in northwest Wyoming, east of Yellowstone National Park, then northeast back into Montana. It passes Belfry, Bridger, Fromberg, and Edgar, and joins the Yellowstone approximately 2 mi (3 km) southeast of Laurel.
Neural cell adhesion molecule
Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), also called CD56, is a homophilic binding glycoprotein expressed on the surface of neurons, glia and skeletal muscle. Although CD56 is often considered a marker of neural lineage commitment due to its discovery site, CD56 expression is also found in, among others, the hematopoietic system. Here, the expression of CD56 is mostly associated with, but not limited to, natural killer cells. CD56 has been detected on other lymphoid cells, including gamma delta (γδ) Τ cells and activated CD8+ T cells, as well as on dendritic cells. NCAM has been implicated as having a role in cell–cell adhesion, neurite outgrowth, synaptic plasticity, and learning and memory.

CD2
CD2 (cluster of differentiation 2) is a cell adhesion molecule found on the surface of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells.  
It has also been called T-cell surface antigen T11/Leu-5, LFA-2, LFA-3 receptor, erythrocyte receptor and rosette receptor.
IBM PC DOS
IBM PC DOS (an acronym for IBM Personal Computer Disk Operating System), also known as PC DOS or IBM DOS, is a discontinued disk operating system for the IBM Personal Computer, its successors, and IBM PC compatibles. It was sold by IBM from the early 1980s into the 2000s. Developed by Microsoft, it was also sold by that company to the open market as MS-DOS. Both operating systems were identical or almost identical until 1993, when IBM began selling PC DOS 6.1 with its own new features. The collective shorthand for PC DOS and MS-DOS was DOS, which is also the generic term for disk operating system, and is shared with dozens of disk operating systems called DOS.

IBM Personal Computer AT
The IBM Personal Computer AT (model 5170, abbreviated as IBM AT or PC/AT) was released in 1984 as the fourth model in the IBM Personal Computer line, following the IBM PC XT and its IBM Portable PC variant. It was designed around the Intel 80286 microprocessor.
Stegner Fellowship
The Stegner Fellowship program is a two-year creative writing fellowship at Stanford University. The award is named after American Wallace Stegner (1909–1993), a historian, novelist, short story writer, environmentalist, and Stanford faculty member who founded the university's creative writing program.

Ten fellowships are awarded every year, five in fiction and five in poetry. The recipients do not need a degree to receive the fellowships, though many fellows already hold the terminal M.F.A. degree in creative writing. A workshop-based program, no degree is awarded after the two-year fellowship. Prior to 1990, many fellows also enrolled in Stanford's now-defunct M.A. program in creative writing.

Stegner fellows receive a stipend of $75,000 per year, as well as health insurance and their tuition fee for Stanford. Fellows are required to live close enough to Stanford to be able to attend all workshops, as well as other department-related readings and events.

Pushcart Prize
The Pushcart Prize is an American literary prize published by Pushcart Press that honors the best "poetry, short fiction, essays or literary whatnot" published in the small presses over the previous year. Magazine and small book press editors are invited to submit up to six works they have featured. Since 1976, anthologies of selected works have been published on an annual basis. These initiatives are supported and staffed entirely by dedicated volunteers.
Dearborn Station
Dearborn Station (also called Polk Street Depot) was, beginning in the late 1800s, one of six intercity train stations serving downtown Chicago, Illinois. It remained in operation until May 1, 1971. Built in 1883, it is located at Dearborn and Polk Streets, adjacent to Printers Row in South Loop. The station was owned by the Chicago & Western Indiana Railroad, which itself was owned by the companies operating over its line. The station building headhouse now houses office, retail, and entertainment spaces, and its trackage yard, behind the headhouse, was redeveloped into part of the Dearborn Park neighborhood.

LaSalle Street Station
LaSalle Street Station is a commuter rail terminal at 414 South LaSalle Street in downtown Chicago. First used as a rail terminal in 1852, it was a major intercity rail terminal for the New York Central Railroad until 1968, and for the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad until 1978, but now serves only Metra's Rock Island District. The present structure became the fifth station on the site when its predecessor was demolished in 1981 and replaced by the new station and the One Financial Place (now 425 South Financial Place) tower for the Chicago Stock Exchange. The Chicago Board of Trade Building, Willis Tower, and Harold Washington Library are nearby.
Galesburg, Illinois
Galesburg is a city in Knox County, Illinois, United States. The city is 45 miles (72 km) northwest of Peoria. At the 2020 census, its population was 30,052. Galesburg is the home of Knox College, a private four-year liberal arts college, and Carl Sandburg College, a community college named for native-born poet Carl Sandburg.

Galesburg is the county seat of Knox County and the principal city of the Galesburg Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Knox and Warren counties. A 496-acre (201 ha) section of the city is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Galesburg Historic District.

Decatur, Illinois
Decatur (/dɪˈkeɪtər/ dih-KAY-tər) is the largest city in Macon County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. The city was founded in 1829 and is situated along the Sangamon River and Lake Decatur in Central Illinois. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 70,522. It is the 17th-most populous city in Illinois and the "fastest shrinking city" in Illinois. Decatur has an economy based on industrial and agricultural commodity processing and production. The city is home to Millikin University and Richland Community College.
Cris Collinsworth
Anthony Cris Collinsworth (born January 27, 1959) is an American former professional football player and sports broadcaster who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for eight seasons (1981–1988) with the Cincinnati Bengals. He played college football for the Florida Gators, earning first-team All-American honors. He is a television sportscaster for NBC, Showtime, and the NFL Network, and winner of 17 Sports Emmy Awards. He is also the majority owner of Pro Football Focus.

Liam McHugh
Liam McHugh (born November 2, 1977) is an American television sportscaster. He is a studio host for the NHL on TNT. He previously worked on NBC Sports coverage of the NHL as well as Notre Dame Fighting Irish football and Sunday Night Football, as well as MLS Season Pass on Apple TV. He was also perhaps the face of NBCSN, anchoring much of its staple programming, including the NHL, Tour De France, college football, college basketball and the Premier League, prior to joining TNT Sports.
44 BC
Year 44 BC was either a common year starting on Sunday, common year starting on Monday, leap year starting on Friday, or leap year starting on Saturday. (the sources differ, see leap year error for further information) and a common year starting on Sunday of the Proleptic Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Julius Caesar V and Marc Antony (or, less frequently, year 710 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 44 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

44 BC is well known as in the year Julius Caesar was assassinated (March 15).

Ides of March
The Ides of March (/aɪdz/; Latin: Idus Martiae, Medieval Latin: Idus Martii) is the day on the Roman calendar marked as the Idus, roughly the midpoint of a month, of Martius, corresponding to 15 March on the Gregorian calendar. It was marked by several major religious observances. In 44 BC, it became notorious as the date of the assassination of Julius Caesar, which made the Ides of March a turning point in Roman history.