hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gmina
The gmina (Polish: [ˈɡmina], pl. gminy [ˈɡminɨ]) is the basic unit of the administrative division of Poland, similar to a municipality. As of 1 January 2019, there were 2,479 gminy throughout the country, encompassing over 43,000 villages. 940 gminy include cities and towns, with 322 among them constituting an independent urban gmina (Polish: gmina miejska) consisting solely of a standalone town or one of the 107 cities, the latter governed by a city mayor (prezydent miasta).

The gmina has been the basic unit of territorial division in Poland since 1974, when it replaced the smaller gromada. Three or more gminy make up a higher level unit called a powiat, except for those holding the status of a city with powiat rights. Each and every powiat has the seat in a city or town, in the latter case either an urban gmina or a part of an urban-rural one.

Śrem County
Śrem County (Polish: powiat śremski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Śrem, which lies 36 kilometres (22 mi) south of the regional capital Poznań. The county also contains the towns of Książ Wielkopolski, lying 15 km (9 mi) east of Śrem, and Dolsk, 12 km (7 mi) south of Śrem.

The county covers an area of 574.41 square kilometres (221.8 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 58,646, out of which the population of Śrem is 30,227, that of Książ Wielkopolski is 2,724, that of Dolsk is 1,479, and the rural population is 24,216.
Western Front (Soviet Union)
The Western Front was a front of the Red Army, one of the Red Army Fronts during World War II.

The Western Front was created on 22 June 1941 from the Western Special Military District (which before July 1940 was known as Belorussian Special Military District). The first Front Commander was Dmitry Pavlov (continuing from his position as District Commander since June 1940).

The western boundary of the Front in June 1941 was 470 km (290 mi) long, from the southern border of Lithuania to the Pripyat River and the town of Włodawa. It connected with the adjacent North-Western Front, which extended from the Lithuanian border to the Baltic Sea, and the Southwestern Front in Ukraine.

68th Army (Soviet Union)
The 68th Army (Russian: 68-я армия) was a field army of the Soviet Union's Red Army. It was formed in February 1943 from the headquarters of the 57th Army and fought in the Battle of Demyansk (1943) and the Staraya-Russa Offensive (1943), part of Operation Polyarnaya Zvezda. After spending several months in reserve, the army fought in the Battle of Smolensk (1943) between August and October. The army was disbanded in November and its troops became part of the 5th Army.
Argentine football league system
The Argentine football league system include tournaments organised by the Argentine Football Association. Clubs affiliated to the body compete in the tournaments, which are split into categories or divisions.

Rules establish a system of promotion and relegation, a process where teams are transferred between two divisions based on their performance for the completed season. The best-ranked team or teams in the lower division are promoted to the higher division for the next season, and the worst-ranked team or teams in the higher division are relegated to the lower division for the next season.

Chaco For Ever
Club Atlético Chaco For Ever, usually just Chaco For Ever, is an Argentine football club, their home town is Resistencia, in the Province of Chaco in Northern Argentina. They currently play in the Primera Nacional, the second tier of Argentine football.
Monument Records
Monument Records is an American record label co-founded in 1958 by Fred Foster. Originally founded in Washington, D.C., the label moved to Nashville in 1960, and experienced success over the next two decades with a number of artists including Roy Orbison, Dolly Parton, Willie Nelson, Ray Stevens, Kris Kristofferson, Charlie McCoy, Boots Randolph, Jeannie Seely, and others.

After financial struggles and bankruptcy, CBS Records acquired the Monument catalog in the 1980s. CBS successor Sony Music reactivated the label in 1997 as a country label and relaunched it in 2017.

RCA Studio B
RCA Studio B was a music recording studio in Nashville, Tennessee, established in 1957 by Steve Sholes and Chet Atkins for RCA Victor. Originally known simply as the RCA Victor Studio, in 1965 the studio was designated as Studio B after RCA Victor built the newer, larger Studio A in an adjacent building.

Located centrally in what would become Nashville's Music Row, the RCA Victor Studios were an essential factor to the development of the musical production style and sound engineering technique known as the Nashville Sound. In the two decades the studio was in operation, RCA Studio B produced 60 percent of the Billboard magazine's Country chart hits.

The studio closed in 1977. Since 1992 the studio has been under the ownership of the Country Music Hall of Fame, which offers scheduled tours of the facilities.
Comber
Comber (from Irish An Comar, meaning 'the confluence' /ˈkʌm(b)ər/, CUM-ber, locally cummer) is a town in County Down, Northern Ireland. It lies 5 miles (8 km) south of Newtownards, at the northern end of Strangford Lough. It is situated in the townland of Town Parks, the civil parish of Comber and the historic barony of Castlereagh Lower. Comber is part of the Ards and North Down Borough. It is also known for Comber Whiskey which was last distilled in 1953. A notable native was Thomas Andrews, the designer of the RMS Titanic and was among the many who went down with her. Comber had a population of 9,512 people in the 2021 Census.

Townland
A townland (Irish: baile fearainn; Ulster-Scots: toonlann) is a traditional small land division used in Ireland and in the Western Isles of Scotland, typically covering 100–500 acres (40–202 ha). The townland system is of medieval Gaelic origin, predating the Norman invasion, and most have Irish-derived names. However, some townland names and boundaries come from Norman manors, plantation divisions, or later creations of the Ordnance Survey. Townlands cover the whole island of Ireland, and the total number of inhabited townlands in Ireland was 60,679 in 1911. The total number recognised by the Placenames Database of Ireland as of 2014 was 61,098, including uninhabited townlands.
Wongai ningaui
The Wongai ningaui (Ningaui ridei) is a tiny carnivorous marsupial native to the arid open grasslands of inland Australia. Their diet is mainly small insects, and occasionally larger prey such as spiders, grasshoppers and cockroaches, which they forage for at the ground and in clumps of spinifex. They have long and untidy fur, grey or gingery brown with longer black hairs, small ears, a narrow muzzle, and possess a partially prehensile tail and feet that allow them to climb. The population occurs sparsely across a wide area and common in favourable habitat, especially in years of good rainfall. Ningaui ridei was first described in 1975, one of two species of a new genus discovered amongst the poorly known mammals of the western regions of Australia.

False antechinus
The genus Pseudantechinus are members of the order Dasyuromorphia. They are often called false antechinuses, although this genus includes the sandstone dibbler, which was previously assigned to a different genus.

The species of this genus are as follows:

Sandstone dibbler, Pseudantechinus bilarni

Fat-tailed false antechinus, Pseudantechinus macdonnellensis

Alexandria false antechinus, Pseudantechinus mimulus

Ningbing false antechinus, Pseudantechinus ningbing

Rory Cooper's false antechinus, Pseudantechinus roryi

Woolley's false antechinus, Pseudantechinus woolleyae
Rhododendron
Rhododendron (/ˌroʊdəˈdɛndrən/; pl.: rhododendra), from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon), meaning "rose", and δένδρον (déndron), meaning "tree", is a very large genus of about 1,024 species of woody plants in the heath family (Ericaceae). They can be either evergreen or deciduous. Most species are native to eastern Asia and the Himalayan region, but smaller numbers occur elsewhere in Asia, and in North America, Europe and Australia.

It is the national flower of Nepal, the state flower of Washington and West Virginia in the United States, the state flower of Nagaland and Himachal Pradesh in India, the provincial flower of Jeju Province in South Korea, the provincial flower of Jiangxi in China and the state tree of Sikkim and Uttarakhand in India. Most species have brightly coloured flowers which bloom from late winter through to early summer.

Azaleas make up two subgenera of Rhododendron. They are distinguished from "true" rhododendrons by having only five anthers per flower.

Gaultheria
Gaultheria is a genus of about 283 species of shrubs in the family Ericaceae. The name commemorates Jean François Gaultier of Quebec, an honour bestowed by the Scandinavian Pehr Kalm in 1748 and taken up by Carl Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum. These plants are native to Asia, Australasia and North and South America. In the past, the Southern Hemisphere species were often treated as the separate genus Pernettya, but no consistent reliable morphological or genetic differences support recognition of two genera, and they are now united in the single genus Gaultheria.
Charles Horton Peck
Charles Horton Peck (March 30, 1833 – July 11, 1917) was an American mycologist of the 19th and early 20th centuries. He was the New York State Botanist from 1867 to 1915, a period in which he described over 2,700 species of North American fungi.

Harry D. Thiers
Harry Delbert Thiers (January 22, 1919, in Fort McKavett, Texas – August 8, 2000, in Ohio) was an American mycologist who studied and named many fungi native to North America, particularly California. Thiers taught mycology at San Francisco State University. He comprehensively revised and expanded on the North American collection of boletes and named many new species.

Species authored by Thiers include the boletes Suillellus amygdalinus, Boletus barrowsii, Xerocomellus dryophilus, Rubroboletus pulcherrimus, Leccinum manzanitae, and other mushrooms including Gymnopilus luteoviridis and Russula xanthoporphyrea.

The standard author abbreviation Thiers is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
ATLAS experiment
ATLAS is the largest general-purpose particle detector experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a particle accelerator at CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) in Switzerland. The experiment is designed to take advantage of the unprecedented energy available at the LHC and observe phenomena that involve highly massive particles which were not observable using earlier lower-energy accelerators. ATLAS was one of the two LHC experiments involved in the discovery of the Higgs boson in July 2012. It was also designed to search for evidence of theories of particle physics beyond the Standard Model.

The experiment is a collaboration involving 6,003 members, out of which 3,822 are physicists (last update: June 26, 2022) from 243 institutions in 40 countries.

Fabiola Gianotti
Fabiola Gianotti (Italian: [faˈbiːola dʒaˈnɔtti]; born 29 October 1960) is an Italian experimental particle physicist who served as Director-General of the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) from 2016 to 2026.
Scallion
Scallions (also known as green onions and spring onions) are edible vegetables of various species in the genus Allium. Scallions generally have a milder taste than most onions. Green onions/scallions have a long, delicate green stem that is white near the root. They have no bulb and a mild, sweet onion flavour. Their close relatives include garlic, shallots, leeks, chives, and Chinese onions. The leaves are eaten both raw and cooked.

Scallions produce hollow, tubular, green leaves that grow directly from the bulb, which does not fully develop. This is different to other Allium species where bulbs fully develop, such as commercially available onions and garlic. True spring onions look similar to green onions, but have a distinctive white bulb at the base.

Nelumbo nucifera
Nelumbo nucifera, also known as Padma (Sanskrit: पद्म, romanized: Padma, lit. 'Lotus') or Kamala (Sanskrit: कमल, lit. 'Lotus'), sacred lotus, pink lotus, Indian lotus, or simply lotus, is one of two extant species of aquatic plant in the family Nelumbonaceae. It is sometimes colloquially called a water lily, though this more often refers to members of the family Nymphaeaceae. The lotus belongs in the order Proteales.
Takarazuka Kinen
The Takarazuka Kinen (宝塚記念) is a Grade I flat horse race in Japan for Thoroughbreds aged three and over a distance of 2,200 metres (approximately 1+3⁄8 miles) at Hanshin Racecourse (阪神競馬場) in late June. It is one of the two "All-Star" races in Japanese horse racing; the other being the Arima Kinen (the Grand Prix) held in late December.

The Takarazuka Kinen was first run in 1960 with a distance of 1,800 metres. From 1961 to 1965 the race was run over 2,000 metres and since 1966 it has been run over its present distance.

The race is run on the turf and is named after the city of Takarazuka, Hyōgo, the location of Hanshin Racecourse, which is the venue of the race.

As with the Arima Kinen, the majority of the runners in the field are selected by a vote from racing fans, while the remainder are determined by the amount of prize money won.

Mainichi Ōkan
The Mainichi Ōkan (毎日王冠, mainichi ōkan) is a Grade 2 horse race in Japan for Thoroughbred colts and fillies aged three and over run over a distance of 1,800 metres at Tokyo Racecourse.

The race is run in October and serves as a trial race for the autumn edition of the Tenno Sho.

It was first run in 1950 over 2500 metres. The distance was reduced to 2300 metres in 1959 and to 2000 metres in 1962 before the race was run over its current distance for the first time in 1984. It has been rated JRA Grade II since that year and was promoted to International Grade II in 2001. 2014, winner is received priority ballot for Tenno Sho (Autumn).

Among the winners of the race have been Katsuragi Ace, Oguri Cap, Bubble Gum Fellow, Silence Suzuka, Grass Wonder, Eishin Preston, Daiwa Major and A Shin Hikari
Heuglin's striped grass mouse
Heuglin's lemniscomys or Heuglin's striped grass mouse (Lemniscomys zebra) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is generally found in Sub-Saharan Africa. Its natural habitats are moist savanna, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, arable land, and plantations.

Emin's gerbil
Emin's gerbil or Emin's tateril (Taterillus emini) is a species of rodent found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, and Uganda. Its natural habitats are dry savanna, subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland, and arable land.
Branimir, Duke of Croatia
Branimir (Latin: Branimirus) was Duke of Croatia, reigning from 879 to c. 892. His country received papal recognition as a state from Pope John VIII on 7 June 879. During his reign, Duchy of Croatia retained its sovereignty from both Carolingian and Byzantine rule and became de jure independent. His rule marks the first real peak of early medieval Croatia. It was characterized by establishing closer relations with the Holy See, ecclestical re-organization in the former Roman province of Dalmatia, Christianization, and (re)construction of churches. Branimir is mentioned, for the period, in many reliable primary and secondary written and epigraphic sources.

Church of Holy Salvation, Cetina
The Church of the Holy Salvation or Holy Saviour (Croatian: Crkva Sv. Spasa) was a Pre-Romanesque Roman Catholic church in the Dalmatian Hinterland, Croatia, whose ruins are now a historic site. It is located in the small village of Cetina, near the spring of the river Cetina, 8 km northwest from the town of Vrlika.

The remains of the church are of historical significance in Croatia, as it is the only pre-schism church constructed with a bell tower (with a westwork) which is still standing.
1st Army Corps (France)
The 1st Army Corps (French: 1er Corps d'Armée) was first formed before World War I. During World War II it fought in the Battle for France in 1940, on the Mediterranean islands of Corsica and Elba in 1943–1944 and in the campaigns to liberate France in 1944 and invade Germany in 1945.

The 1st Army Corps (1er Corps d'Armée) was recreated in 2026.

4th Moroccan Mountain Division
The 4th Moroccan Mountain Division (French: 4e Division marocaine de montagne, 4e DMM) was an infantry division of the Army of Africa (French: Armée d'Afrique) which participated in World War II.

Created in Morocco following the liberation of French North Africa, the division fought in Corsica, Italy, metropolitan France, and Germany. It particularly distinguished itself in Italy in 1944 as part of the French Expeditionary Corps led by General Alphonse Juin, and later in the liberation of France as part of the French 1st Army under General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny.
Concertmaster
The concertmaster (from the German Konzertmeister), first chair (US) or leader (UK) is the principal first violin player in an orchestra, or the principal clarinetist or oboist in a concert band. After the conductor, the concertmaster is the most significant leader in an orchestra, symphonic band or other musical ensemble.

Gavyn Wright
Gavyn Wright is a British violinist and orchestra leader with the London Session Orchestra and Penguin Cafe Orchestra.

He is best known for his orchestral arrangements on pop productions (including Elton John, Simply Red, Bush, Fito Páez, Gustavo Cerati, Mecano, Oasis, Gordon Haskell, Donna Lewis, Tina Turner, Italian singer-songwriter Alice, Lucio Battisti, Van Morrison) as well as numerous TV and movie soundtracks (including Shrek 1 and 2, The Constant Gardener, Stuart Little, Spider-Man, Thunderbirds, Batman Begins, The Black Dahlia, Shakespeare in Love, 12 Monkeys, The Last Emperor, We Were Soldiers, Shall We Dance?).

Wright's brother was the late actor Adrian Wright.
Eurasian beaver
The Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) or European beaver is a species of beaver widespread across Eurasia, with a rapidly increasing population of at least 1.5 million in 2020. The Eurasian beaver was hunted to near-extinction for both its fur and castoreum, with only about 1,200 beavers in eight relict populations from France to Mongolia in the early 20th century. It has since been reintroduced into much of its former range and now lives from Western, Southern, Central and Eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Russia through China and Mongolia, with about half the population in Russia. It is listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List.

Grey red-backed vole
The grey red-backed vole or the grey-sided vole (Craseomys rufocanus) is a species of vole. An adult grey red-backed vole weighs 20-50 grams.  This species ranges across northern Eurasia, including northern China, the northern Korean Peninsula, and the islands of Sakhalin and Hokkaidō.  It is larger and longer-legged than the northern red-backed vole (Clethrionomys rutilus), which covers a similar range and it is also sympatric with the Norwegian lemming (Lemmus lemmus).
Elevation
The elevation of a geographic location is its height above or below a fixed reference point, most commonly a reference geoid, a mathematical model of the Earth's sea level as an equipotential gravitational surface (see Geodetic datum § Vertical datum).
The term elevation is mainly used when referring to points on the Earth's surface, while altitude or geopotential height is used for points above the surface, such as an aircraft in flight or a spacecraft in orbit, and depth is used for points below the surface.

Elevation is not to be confused with the distance from the center of the Earth. Due to the equatorial bulge, the summits of Mount Everest and Chimborazo have, respectively, the largest elevation and the largest geocentric distance.

Species distribution
Species distribution, or species dispersion, is the manner in which a biological taxon is spatially arranged. The geographic limits of a particular taxon's distribution is its range, often represented as shaded areas on a map. Patterns of distribution change depending on the scale at which they are viewed, from the arrangement of individuals within a small family unit, to patterns within a population, or the distribution of the entire species as a whole (range). Species distribution is not to be confused with dispersal, which is the movement of individuals away from their region of origin or from a population center of high density.
Gabriella Cilmi
Gabriella Lucia Cilmi (/ˈtʃɪlmi/ CHIL-mee; Italian: [ˈtʃilmi]; born 10 October 1991) is an Australian pop singer and songwriter. A contralto, Cilmi is known for her distinctive raspy singing voice.

Her debut album, Lessons to Be Learned, was released in March 2008, becoming a moderate international success. Cilmi won six ARIA Music Awards, including Single of the Year and Best Female Artist, in 2008. Her second studio album, Ten, was released in March 2010. Her third studio album, The Sting, was released in November 2013. In November 2019, Cilmi released a six-track EP, The Water, which she called a taste of a yet-to-be-released studio album. Cilmi holds dual Australian-Italian citizenship. In February 2025, Cilmi returned home to Australia to support The Corrs on the Australian leg of their tour.

Black Saturday bushfires
The Black Saturday bushfires were a series of bushfires that either ignited or were already burning across the Australian state of Victoria on Saturday, 7 February 2009, and was one of Australia's all-time worst bushfire disasters. The fires occurred during extreme bushfire weather conditions and resulted in Australia's highest-ever loss of human life from a bushfire, with 173 fatalities. Many people were left homeless and without families as a result.

As many as 400 individual fires were recorded on Saturday 7 February; the day has become widely referred to in Australia as Black Saturday.

Then Deputy Prime Minister Julia Gillard described Black Saturday as "a tragedy beyond belief, beyond precedent and beyond words … one of the darkest days in Australia’s peacetime history."

The 2009 Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission, headed by Justice Bernard Teague, was held in response to the bushfires.
Alan McManus
Alan McManus (born 21 January 1971) is a Scottish retired professional snooker player, and a current commentator and pundit for ITV, BBC and TNT on snooker coverage. A mainstay of the world's top sixteen during the 1990s and 2000s, he has won two ranking events, the 1994 Dubai Classic and the 1996 Thailand Open, and competed in the World Championship semi-finals in 1992, 1993 and 2016. He also won the 1994 Masters, ending Stephen Hendry's five-year, 23-match unbeaten streak at the tournament with a 9–8 victory in the final. McManus announced his retirement on 9 April 2021 after losing 6–3 to Bai Langning in the second qualifying round of the 2021 World Snooker Championship.

Andy Hicks
Andrew Hicks (born 10 August 1973) is an English retired professional snooker player. Nicknamed "The Cream of Devon", Hicks was a semi-finalist at both the World Snooker Championship and UK Championship in 1995, and the same stage at four other ranking tournaments. A Masters semi-finalist in 1996, he was ranked within the world's top 32 players between 1995 and 2000, and again from 2005 to 2007, but was relegated from the main tour in 2013. He regained a two-year tour card in 2019. He was relegated from the main tour at the end of the 2023–24 season.