hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tributary
A tributary, or an affluent, is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream (main stem or "parent"), river, or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries, and the main stem river into which they flow, drain the surrounding drainage basin of its surface water and groundwater, leading the water out into an ocean, another river, or into an endorheic basin.

The Irtysh, a tributary of the Ob river, is the longest tributary river in the world with a length of 4,248 km (2,640 mi).
The Madeira River is the largest tributary river by volume in the world with an average discharge of 31,200 m3/s (1.1 million cu ft/s).

A confluence, where two or more bodies of water meet, usually refers to the joining of tributaries.

The opposite to a tributary is a distributary, a river or stream that branches off from and flows away from the main stream. Distributaries are most often found in river deltas.

Jhelum River
The Jhelum River is a major river in South Asia, flowing through India and Pakistan, and is the westernmost of the five major rivers of the Punjab region. It originates at Verinag in India-administered Jammu and Kashmir, flows into Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir, and then flows through the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is a tributary of the Chenab River and has a total length of about 725 kilometres (450 mi).
Anglican Church of Kenya
The Anglican Church of Kenya (ACK) is a province of the Anglican Communion, and it is composed by 41 dioceses. The current Leader and Archbishop of Kenya is Jackson Ole Sapit. The Anglican Church of Kenya claims nearly 6 million total members. According to a study published in the Journal of Anglican Studies and by Cambridge University Press, the ACK claims 5 million adherents, with no official definition of membership, with nearly 2 million officially affiliated members, and between 310,000 - 400,000 active  members. The church became part of the Province of East Africa in 1960, but Kenya and Tanzania were divided into separate provinces in 1970.

Anglican Church of Rwanda
The Anglican Church of Rwanda (French: Église anglicane du Rwanda; Kinyarwanda: Itorero Angilikani mu Rwanda) is a province of the Anglican Communion, covering 13 dioceses in Rwanda. The primate of the province is Laurent Mbanda, consecrated on 10 June 2018.
Committee to Protect Journalists
The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization based in New York City, with correspondents around the world. CPJ promotes press freedom and defends the rights of journalists. The American Journalism Review has called the organization "Journalism's Red Cross." Since the late 1980s, CPJ has published an annual census of journalists killed or imprisoned in relation to their work.

International Press Institute
International Press Institute (IPI) is a global organisation dedicated to the promotion and protection of press freedom and the improvement of journalism practices. The institution was founded by 34 editors from 15 countries at Columbia University in October 1950.

IPI has a membership category: "IPI Leading Journalists", which is open to heads of media departments, bureau chiefs and media correspondents.

IPI is a member of the International Freedom of Expression Exchange, a global network of non-governmental organisations that monitors press freedom and free expression violations worldwide.

In October 2006, the National Television Academy (NTA) honored IPI with an International Emmy Award for its press freedom work.
Przemyśl
Przemyśl (Polish: [ˈpʂɛmɨɕl] ⓘ) is a city in southeastern Poland with 56,466 inhabitants, as of December 2023. In 1999, it became part of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship. It was previously the capital of Przemyśl Voivodeship.

Przemyśl owes its long and rich history to the advantages of its geographic location. The city lies in an area connecting mountains and lowlands known as the Przemyśl Gate (Brama Przemyska), with open lines of transport, and fertile soil. It also lies on the navigable San River. Important trade routes that connect Central Europe from Przemyśl ensure the city's importance. The Old Town of Przemyśl is listed as a Historic Monument of Poland.

Since the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, Przemyśl has been a point of refuge for many Ukrainians, as it is located near the Poland–Ukraine border and serves as the end point of the Lviv–Przemyśl railway junction.

Radymno
Radymno [raˈdɨmnɔ] (Ukrainian: Ради́мно Radymno, Yiddish: רעדעם Redem) is a town in south-eastern Poland with 5,543 inhabitants (02.06.2009). It has been part of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship since its creation in 1999. Radymno was previously in the Przemyśl Voivodeship between 1975–1998.
1st Marine Regiment (United States)
The 1st Marine Regiment is an infantry regiment of the United States Marine Corps based at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California. The regiment is under the command of the 1st Marine Division and the I Marine Expeditionary Force. The 1st Marine Regiment is also sometimes referred to as "Regimental Combat Team 1" or "Inchon".

3rd Marine Littoral Regiment
The 3d Marine Littoral Regiment (3d MLR) is a regiment of the United States Marine Corps that is optimized for littoral maneuver in the Indo-Pacific Theater. Based at Marine Corps Base Hawaii, the regiment falls under the command of the 3rd Marine Division and the III Marine Expeditionary Force. It was known as the 3rd Marine Regiment from 1914 to 2022, when it was renamed as part of the Commandant of the Marine Corps' Force Design 2030 initiative. The 3d MLR has participated in the 2022 and 2023 Balikatan exercises in Northern Luzon, Philippines.
Alkmaar
Alkmaar (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɑl(ə)kmaːr] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland. Alkmaar is well known for its traditional cheese market. For tourists, it is a popular cultural destination. The municipality has a population of 111,766 as of 2023.

Gouda, South Holland
Gouda (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɣʌudaː] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the west of the Netherlands, between Rotterdam and Utrecht, in the  province of South Holland. Gouda has a population of 75,000 and is famous for its Gouda cheese, stroopwafels, many grachten, smoking pipes, and its 15th-century city hall. Its array of historic churches and other buildings makes it a very popular day-trip destination.

In the Middle Ages the Van der Goude family founded a settlement at the location of the current city and built a fortified castle alongside the banks of the Gouwe River, from which the family and the city took their names. Locals long called the settlement Ter Goude, or Tergou or Tergouw for short.
The area, originally marshland, developed over the course of two centuries. By 1225, a canal was linked to the Gouwe and its estuary became a harbour. In 1272 Floris V, Count of Holland granted the city city rights.
Durham Wasps
The Durham Wasps were an ice hockey team located in Durham and was one of England's best-known names in ice hockey. The team was bought by Sir John Hall and moved to the neighbouring city of Newcastle Upon Tyne in August 1996. The Newcastle team, after several changes became known as the Newcastle Jesters.

Murrayfield Racers
The Murrayfield Racers were an ice hockey team based in Edinburgh, Scotland who were founded in 1952 as the Murrayfield Royals before changing their name to the Murrayfield Racers in 1966.

The team won the British Championship four times in four consecutive seasons from 1969 until 1972. The club was also the 1986–87 and 1987–88 British Ice Hockey League Champions and played in the BHL Premier Division from 1982 to 1995.

The Racers won the Northern League on seven occasions – in 1970, 1971, 1972, 1975, 1979, 1980 and 1980 and the Benson & Hedges Cup in 1993.

In the mid-90s the club became the Edinburgh Racers before folding due to financial issues in 1996.

The Murrayfield Racers brand was resurrected in 2018.
Gallium arsenide
Gallium arsenide (GaAs) is a III-V direct band gap semiconductor with a zinc blende crystal structure.

Gallium arsenide is used in the manufacture of devices such as microwave frequency integrated circuits, monolithic microwave integrated circuits, infrared light-emitting diodes, laser diodes, solar cells and optical windows.

GaAs is often used as a substrate material for the epitaxial growth of other III-V semiconductors, including indium gallium arsenide, aluminum gallium arsenide and others.

Field-effect transistor
The field-effect transistor (FET) is a type of transistor that uses an electric field to control the current through a semiconductor. It comes in two types: junction FET (JFET) and metal–oxide–semiconductor FET (MOSFET). FETs have three terminals: source, gate, and drain. FETs control the current by the application of a voltage to the gate, which in turn alters the conductivity between the drain and source.

FETs are also known as unipolar transistors since they involve single-carrier-type operation. That is, FETs use either electrons (n-channel) or holes (p-channel) as charge carriers in their operation, but not both. Many different types of field-effect transistors exist. Field effect transistors generally display very high input impedance at low frequencies. The most widely used field-effect transistor is the MOSFET.
Allie Light
Allie Light (May 2, 1935 – September 17, 2025) was an American film producer, director and editor. She notably won accolades by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences.

Irving Saraf
Irving Saraf (1932 – December 26, 2012) was a Polish-born American film producer, film editor, film director and academic. Saraf won an Oscar for producing the 1991 documentary film, In the Shadow of the Stars. In total, Saraf had more than one hundred fifty film and television production credits. His resume included Poland, Communism's New Look, a 1965 television film; USA Poetry: Twelve Films About Modern Poets in 1966; and the 2009 documentary Empress Hotel following the residents of a low-income hotel in Tenderloin, San Francisco.
2011 FIFA Women's World Cup
The 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup was the sixth FIFA Women's World Cup competition, the world championship for women's national football teams. It was held from 26 June to 17 July 2011 in Germany, which won the right to host the event in October 2007. Japan won the final against the United States on a penalty shoot-out following a 2–2 draw after extra time and became the first Asian team to win a senior FIFA World Cup.

The matches were played in nine stadiums in nine host cities around the country, with the final played at the Commerzbank Arena in Frankfurt. Sixteen teams were selected for participation via a worldwide qualification tournament that began in 2009. In the first round of the tournament finals, the teams competed in round-robin groups of four teams for points, with the top two teams in each group proceeding. These eight teams advanced to the knockout stage, where two rounds of play decided which teams would participate in the final.

MagicJack (WPS)
magicJack (stylized with the first letter in lower case) was an American professional soccer club based in Boca Raton, Florida. The team competed in Women's Professional Soccer (WPS) for one season until legal challenges caused the team's owner, Dan Borislow, to be banned from the WPS, which folded in 2012.
Arizona House of Representatives
The Arizona House of Representatives is the lower house of the Arizona Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Arizona. The upper house is the Senate. The House convenes in the legislative chambers at the Arizona State Capitol in Phoenix. Its members are elected to two-year terms, with a term limit of four consecutive terms (eight years). Each of the state's 30 legislative districts elects two state house representatives and one state senator, with each district having a population of at least 203,000.

The last election occurred on November 5, 2024, with the Republican Party securing a majority in the House.

Arizona Democratic Party
The Arizona Democratic Party is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Arizona. Its headquarters are in Phoenix, Arizona.

Along with its main rival, the Arizona Republican Party, it is one of two major parties in the state. The Arizona Democratic Party's electoral representation has increased in recent years; as of 2025, the party controls the offices of governor, secretary of state, and attorney general; both of the state's U.S. Senate seats; and two out of the state's nine U.S. House seats.
Ruhama
Ruhama (Hebrew: רֻחָמָה) is a kibbutz in the Negev desert in southern Israel. The original settlement, established in 1912, is considered the first modern Jewish settlement in the Negev. Located around ten kilometres east of Sderot and surrounded by a nature reserve, it falls under the jurisdiction of the Sha'ar HaNegev Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 765.

Dorot
Dorot (Hebrew: דּוֹרוֹת, lit. 'Generations') is a kibbutz in the Negev Desert in southern Israel. Located on Route 334 near Sderot, it falls under the municipal jurisdiction of the Sha'ar HaNegev Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 885.
John Davies (historian)
John Davies FLSW (25 April 1938 – 16 February 2015) was  a Welsh historian, and a television and radio broadcaster. He attended university at Cardiff and Cambridge and taught Welsh at Aberystwyth. He wrote a number of books on Welsh history, including A History of Wales (Hanes Cymru in Welsh).

Nigel Jenkins
Nigel Jenkins (20 July 1949 – 28 January 2014) was an Anglo-Welsh poet. He was an editor, journalist, psychogeographer, broadcaster and writer of creative non-fiction, as well as being a lecturer at Swansea University and director of the creative writing programme there.
Buteo
Buteo is a genus of medium to fairly large, wide-ranging raptors with a robust body and broad wings. In the Old World, members of this genus are called "buzzards", but "hawk" is used in the New World (Etymology: Buteo is the Latin name of the common buzzard).  As both terms are ambiguous, buteo is sometimes used instead, for example, by the Peregrine Fund.

Milvus
Milvus is a genus of medium-sized birds of prey. The genus was erected by the French naturalist Bernard Germain de Lacépède in 1799 with the red kite as the type species. The name is the Latin word for the red kite.

The genus Milvus has in the past been placed in the subfamily Milvinae but molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that such a grouping is polyphyletic for Buteoninae. It is now placed in the subfamily Buteoninae.
Sukumari
Sukumari (6 October 1940 – 26 March 2013) was an Indian actress best known for her works in Malayalam and Tamil films. In a career spanning more than five decades, she appeared in more than 2,500 films predominantly in Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu, along with a few Hindi and one each in Sinhala, French, Italian, Bengali, Tulu, English and Kannada films. Sukumari began acting at the age of 10. In 2003, she was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India for her contributions toward the arts. She won the National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in the Tamil film Namma Gramam (2010). Sukumari died on 26 March 2013 in Chennai, following a heart attack.

Jose Prakash
Kunnel Joseph Joseph, better known by his stage name, Jose Prakash (14 April 1925 – 24 March 2012) was an Indian actor and singer who worked in Malayalam cinema. He was a singer turned actor who had appeared in more than 300 films mostly in antagonist roles. He was awarded with the J. C. Daniel Award in 2011, a day before he died aged 86. In a career spanning for around 40 years,  he was known for portraying some of the iconic villain characters in the Malayalam film industry. Later, he switched to character roles in the mid 90s.
Laigin
The Laigin, modern spelling Laighin (Irish pronunciation: [ˈl̪ˠəinʲ]), were a Gaelic population group of early Ireland. They gave their name to the Kingdom of Leinster, which in the medieval era was known in Irish as Cóiced Laigen, meaning "Fifth/province of the Leinstermen" (Modern Irish Cúige Laighean), where their descendants ruled till the 17th century. Their territory, located in south-east Ireland, is thought to have once extended from the River Shannon to the River Boyne. The surnames of those descended from the Laigin are still counted amongst the most numerous in Ireland.

Kingdom of Uí Failghe
The kingdom of Uí Fháilghe, Uí Failge (early spelling) or Uíbh Fhailí (modern spelling), (pronounced [iːvʲ ˈalʲiː]) was a Gaelic-Irish kingdom which existed to 1550, the name of which (though not the territory) is preserved in the name of County Offaly (Irish: Contae Uíbh Fhailí), Ireland.

County Offaly was constructed from elements of a number of ancient Irish Kingdoms of which Uí Failghe was one amongst such as Mide (present day west Offaly) and Munster (present day south Offaly). In modern territorial boundaries the kingdom today would correspond with County Offaly east of Tullamore, western parts of Kildare and parts of north east Laois. The name was also retained in the names of two baronies in County Kildare that formed part of the kingdom, Offaly (Ophaley) East and Offaly (Ophaley) West.
Łódź Voivodeship
Łódź Voivodeship (Polish: województwo łódzkie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ ˈwut͡skʲɛ] ⓘ) is a voivodeship (province) of Poland. The province is named after its capital and largest city, Łódź (pronounced [wut͡ɕ]).

Łódź Voivodeship is bordered by six other voivodeships: Masovian to the north and east, Świętokrzyskie to the south-east, Silesian to the south, Opole to the south-west, Greater Poland to the west, and Kuyavian-Pomeranian for a short stretch to the north. Its territory belongs to three historical provinces of Poland – Masovia (in the east), Greater Poland (in the west) and Lesser Poland (in the southeast, around Opoczno).

Wola Krzysztoporska
Wola Krzysztoporska [ˈvɔla kʂɨʂtɔˈpɔrska] is a village in Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Wola Krzysztoporska. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) south-west of Piotrków Trybunalski and 50 km (31 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.
1983–84 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship
The 1983–84 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship was the 14th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county club hurling tournament.

Loughgiel Shamrocks of Antrim were the defending champions; however, they failed to qualify after being beaten by Ballycastle McQuillans in the 1983 Antrim SHC final. Lixnaw of Kerry and Midleton of Cork made their championship debuts.

The All-Ireland final, a replay, was played at Semple Stadium in Thurles on 3 June 1984, between Ballyhale Shamrocks of Kilkenny and Gort of Galway, in what was a first championship meeting between the teams. Ballyhale Shamrocks won the match by 1–10 to 0–07 to claim their second title overall and a first in three years.

1987–88 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship
The 1987–88 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship was the 18th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county club hurling tournament. The championship ran from 23 August 1987 to 17 March 1988.

Borris-Ileigh of Tipperary were the defending champions, however, they failed to qualify after being defeated by Lorrha in the North Tipperary SHC. Cappawhite of Tipperary made their championship debut.

The All-Ireland final was played at Croke Park in Dublin on 17 March 1988, between Midleton of Cork and Athenry of Galway, in what was a first championship meeting between the teams. Midleton won the match by 3–08 to 0–09 to claim a first title.

Athenry's P. J. Molloy was the championship's top scorer with 0–31.
November to Remember (1993)
November to Remember (1993), the inaugural November to Remember professional wrestling event produced by Eastern Championship Wrestling (ECW), took place on November 13, 1993 (the day after Terror at Tabor) in the ECW Arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the United States.

Ten professional wrestling matches took place at the event. The main event was a tag team match in which the Heavyweight Champion Sabu teamed with Road Warrior Hawk to take on the Television Champion Terry Funk and King Kong Bundy, in which both Sabu and Funk defended the ECW Heavyweight Championship and the ECW Television Championship respectively.

Two matches from the event (The Sandman versus Jim Neidhart and The Suicide Blondes (Johnny Hotbody and Tony Stetson) versus Johnny Gunn and Tommy Dreamer) aired on episode #32 of Eastern Championship Wrestling on November 16, 1993. Commentary was provided by Joey Styles and Tony Rumble.

UltraClash (1993)
UltraClash was the first UltraClash professional wrestling supercard event produced by the American professional wrestling promotion Eastern Championship Wrestling (ECW). The event took place at the ECW Arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the United States on September 18, 1993. It was the first ECW event to be booked by Paul Heyman. The event featured the debuts of Ian Rotten, the Public Enemy and commentator Joey Styles.
Kate Ceberano
Catherine Yvette Ceberano AM (/səˈbrɑːnoʊ/ or /sɛbəˈrɑːnoʊ/, born 17 November 1966) is an Australian singer and actress who performs in the rock, soul, jazz and pop genres, as well as in film and musicals such as Jesus Christ Superstar. Her single "Bedroom Eyes" received a platinum sales certification in 1989. As of 2023, Ceberano has 11 platinum and 8 gold albums
Ceberano was the artistic director of the Adelaide Cabaret Festival in 2012, 2013, and 2014.

Mark Holden
Mark Ronald Holden (born 27 April 1954) is an Australian singer, actor, TV personality, record producer, songwriter, and barrister. He was a pop star in the 1970s and had four top 20 hit singles, "Never Gonna Fall in Love Again" (May 1976), "I Wanna Make You My Lady" (September), "Last Romance" (November) and "Reach Out for the One Who Loves You" (October 1977). Holden regularly appeared on national pop music show, Countdown. Holden is remembered for his clean-cut image, his white dinner suit and his penchant for handing out carnations to girls on the set of the popular television show Countdown – he was nicknamed "The Carnation Kid". In the 1980s he worked as a songwriter in Los Angeles providing material recorded by Meat Loaf, Joe Cocker, Gladys Knight, Bob Welch and Steve Jones. He was one of three original judges on the television series Australian Idol (2003–07) and the first season (2005) of The X Factor.