hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mortar (weapon)
A mortar today is usually a simple, lightweight, man-portable, muzzle-loaded cannon consisting of a smooth-bore (although some models use a rifled barrel) metal tube fixed to a base plate (to spread out the recoil) with a lightweight bipod mount and a sight. Mortars are typically used as indirect fire weapons for close fire support with a variety of ammunition. Historically, mortars were heavy siege artillery. Mortars launch explosive shells (technically called bombs) in high arching ballistic trajectories.

Anti-submarine mortar
Anti-submarine mortars (also called "depth charge throwers" or "depth charge projectors" for most cases) are artillery pieces deployed on ships for the purpose of sinking submarines with a small explosive charge. They are often larger versions of the mortar used by infantry and fire a projectile in relatively the same manner. They were created during World War II as a development of the depth charge and work on the same principle, many mortars initially using those chages as projectiles.
Scarpe 1917 (Battle honour)
Scarpe 1917 was a battle honour awarded to units of the British and Imperial Armies that took part in one or more of the following engagements in the Great War:

First Battle of the Scarpe, 9–14 Apr 1917

Second Battle of the Scarpe, 23–24 Apr 1917

Third Battle of the Scarpe, 3–4 May 1917

Somme 1918 (Battle honour)
Somme 1918 was a battle honour awarded to units of the British and Imperial Armies that took part in one or more of the following engagements in the Great War:

First Battle of the Somme (1918), 21 March – 5 April 1918

Second Battle of the Somme (1918), 21 August – 5 September 1918

These should not be confused with the Battle of the Somme of 1916.
Center (gridiron football)
Center or centre (C) is a position in American football. The center is the innermost lineman of the offensive line on a football team's offense who passes (or "snaps") the ball between his legs to the quarterback at the start of each play.

During the period of the one-platoon system, centers frequently played defensively as "middle guards", off the opposing center on the opposite side of the line as with a modern nose tackle. Others played off the defensive line of scrimmage as linebackers.

Shaun O'Hara
Shaun O'Hara (born June 23, 1977) is an American former professional football player who was a center for 11 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Rutgers Scarlet Knights.  He started in the NFL by signing as an undrafted free agent with the Cleveland Browns, and spent the majority of his career with the New York Giants.  He was a three-time Pro Bowl selection.
Harold Henning
Harold Henning (3 October 1934 – 1 January 2004) was a South African professional golfer. He played on the PGA Tour and the Senior PGA Tour. He won professional tournaments on the highest level in Africa, Australia, Asia, North America and Europe.

Peter Butler (golfer)
Peter Joseph Butler (25 March 1932 – 11 October 2022) was an English professional golfer. He was one of the leading British golfers of the 1960s and early 1970s. He won a number of important tournaments including the 1963 PGA Close Championship and the 1968 French Open. He played in four Ryder Cup matches between 1965 and 1973 and three times in the World Cup. He played in the Open Championship 23 times, with two top-10 finishes, and seven successive times in the Masters from 1964 to 1970.
Turco-Egyptian Sudan
Turco-Egyptian Sudan (Arabic: السودان التركي المصري), also known as Turkish Sudan or Turkiyya (Arabic: التركية, at-Turkiyyah), describes the rule of the Eyalet and later Khedivate of Egypt over what is now Sudan and South Sudan. It lasted from 1820, when Muhammad Ali Pasha started his conquest of Sudan, to the fall of Khartoum in 1885 to Muhammad Ahmad, the self-proclaimed Mahdi.

Republic of Sudan (1956–1969)
The Republic of Sudan was established as an independent sovereign state upon the termination of the condominium of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, over which sovereignty had been vested jointly in Egypt and the United Kingdom. On December 19, 1955, the Sudanese parliament, under Ismail al-Azhari's leadership, unanimously adopted a declaration of independence that became effective on January 1, 1956. During the early years of the Republic, despite political divisions, a parliamentary system was established with a five-member Supreme Commission as head of state. In 1958, after a military coup, General Ibrahim Abboud was installed as president. This government was disestablished when a coup led by Colonel Gaafar Nimeiry founded the Democratic Republic of Sudan in 1969.
Bull Valley, Illinois
Bull Valley is a village in McHenry County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,128 at the 2020 census. Surrounded by the larger exurb towns of Crystal Lake, Woodstock, and McHenry, the village prides itself in its rural, low-density character. The village is in the outermost ring of the Chicago suburbs.

Marengo, Illinois
Marengo is a city in McHenry County, Illinois, United States on the Kishwaukee River. It lies approximately 60 miles west northwest of Chicago and approximately 30 miles east of Rockford. Per the 2020 census, the population was 7,568.
BBC Four
BBC Four is a British free-to-air public broadcast television channel owned and operated by the BBC. It was launched on 2 March 2002 and shows a wide variety of programmes including arts, documentaries, music, international film and drama, and current affairs. It is required by its licence to air at least 100 hours of new arts and music programmes, 110 hours of new factual programmes, and to premiere twenty foreign films each year. The channel broadcasts daily from 7:00 pm to 4:00 am, timesharing with CBeebies (which starts at 6:00 am).

Enid (film)
Enid is a 2009 British biographical television film first broadcast on 16 November on BBC Four. Directed by James Hawes it is based on the life of children's writer Enid Blyton, portrayed by Helena Bonham Carter. The film introduced the two main lovers of Blyton's life. Her first husband Hugh Pollock, who was also her publisher, was played by Matthew Macfadyen. Kenneth Darrell Waters, a London surgeon who became Blyton's second husband, was portrayed by Denis Lawson. The film explored how the orderly, reassuringly clear worlds Blyton created within her stories contrasted with the complexity of her own personal life.
Tōhoku region
The Tōhoku region (東北地方, Tōhoku-chihō; IPA: [toːhokɯ̥ tɕiꜜhoː]), Northeast region, Ōu region (奥羽地方, Ōu-chihō), or Northeast Japan (東北日本, Tōhoku Nihon) consists of the northeastern portion of Honshu, the largest island of Japan. This traditional region consists of six prefectures (ken): Akita, Aomori, Fukushima, Iwate, Miyagi, and Yamagata.

Tōhoku retains a reputation as a remote, scenic region with a harsh climate. In the 20th century, tourism became a major industry in the Tōhoku region.

Yonezawa, Yamagata
Yonezawa (米沢市, Yonezawa-shi) is a city in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan.  As of 1 February 2020, the city had an estimated population of 81,707 in 33,278 households, and a population density of 150 persons per km2.  The total area of the city is 548.51 square kilometres (212 sq mi).  Yonezawa is most famous for its local delicacies (apples, Yonezawa beef, and carp) and for being a castle town that was once home to the Uesugi clan, including the daimyō Uesugi Yozan.
Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street
Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (often referred to simply as Sweeney Todd) is a 1979 musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, book by Hugh Wheeler. It is based on the 1970 play Sweeney Todd by Christopher Bond. The character of Sweeney Todd first appeared in a Victorian penny dreadful titled The String of Pearls.

Sweeney Todd opened on Broadway in 1979 and in the West End in 1980. It won the Tony Award for Best Musical and Olivier Award for Best New Musical. It has been revived in many productions and inspired a film adaptation. The original logo for the musical is a modified version of an advertising image from the 19th century, with the sign replaced by a straight razor. There is also a woman wearing a blood-stained dress and holding a rolling pin next to the man.

Great Performances
Great Performances is a television anthology series dedicated to the performing arts; the banner has been used to televise plays, musicals, opera, ballet, concerts, as well as occasional documentaries. It is produced by the PBS member station WNET in New York City (originally in conjunction with KQED/San Francisco, WTTW/Chicago, Maryland Public Television, South Carolina ETV and KERA-TV/Dallas/Fort Worth).

The series is the longest-running performing arts anthology on television and has won 29 Primetime Emmy Awards, three Peabody Awards, and an Image Award, with nods from the Directors Guild of America and the Cinema Audio Society.
Vardar Macedonia
Vardar Macedonia (Macedonian and Serbian: Вардарска Македонија, romanized: Vardarska Makedonija) is a historical term referring to the northern part of the broader Macedonian region, roughly corresponding to present-day North Macedonia. The name derives from the Vardar River and is primarily associated with the period of Serbian (1912–1918) and later Yugoslav rule (1918–1991).

Bulgarian irredentism
Bulgarian irredentism is a term to identify the territory associated with a historical national state and a modern Bulgarian irredentist nationalist movement in the 19th and 20th centuries, which would include most of Macedonia, Thrace and Moesia.
Shimmer Tag Team Championship
The Shimmer Tag Team Championship (stylized as SHIMMER Tag Team Championship) was a professional wrestling tag team championship in Shimmer Women Athletes. The title is recognized nationally by Ring of Honor, and also by several independent promotions, including American Luchacore, Insanity Pro Wrestling and Shine Wrestling, where it has also been defended. It has also been defended in Japan at Joshi 4 Hope independent events.

Misaki Ohata
Misaki Oishi (大石 美咲, Ōishi Misaki; born January 5, 1989), better known by her maiden name Misaki Ohata (大畠 美咲, Ōhata Misaki), is a Japanese retired professional wrestler. She is best known for her work while signed to the Zabun production company and its two promotions; Pro Wrestling Wave and Osaka Joshi Pro Wrestling. She is a former one-time Wave Single Champion and a three-time Wave Tag Team Champion. She also works behind the scenes as Zabun's human resources director. She also made regular appearances for Michinoku Pro Wrestling, where she performed under a mask and the ring name Yapper Man #3 (ヤッペーマン3号, Yappēman San Gō). In the past, she has also made appearances for American promotion Shimmer Women Athletes, where she is a former Shimmer Tag Team Champion.
Cymbal
The cymbals (/ˈsɪm.bəl/ ⓘ) are common percussion instruments. Often used in pairs, cymbals consist of thin, normally round plates of various copper alloys. The majority of cymbals are of indefinite pitch, although small disc-shaped cymbals based on ancient designs (such as crotales) sound a definite note. Cymbals are used in many ensembles ranging from the orchestra and percussion ensembles to jazz bands, rock bands, and marching bands. Drum kits usually incorporate at least a crash, a ride, or a crash/ride cymbal and a pair of hi-hat cymbals. A player of cymbals is known as a cymbalist.

Marching percussion
Marching percussion instruments are percussion instruments (usually drums, such as snare, bass, and tenor drums) specially designed to be played while moving. This is achieved by attaching the drum(s) to a special harness (also called a carrier or rack) worn by the drummer, although not all marching bands use such harnesses and instead use traditional baldrics to sling their drums (the British Armed Forces, for instance, still use the old style of slung drums).

The drums are designed and tuned for maximum articulation and projection of sound, as marching activities are almost always outdoors or in large interior spaces. These instruments are used by marching bands, corps of drums, drum and bugle corps, fanfare bands, indoor percussion ensembles, and pipe bands. A marching percussion ensemble is frequently known as a "drumline" or "battery."
Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
The Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (UzSSR), also known as Soviet Uzbekistan, the Uzbek SSR, or simply Uzbekistan and rarely Uzbekia, was a union republic of the Soviet Union. It was governed by the Uzbek branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the legal political party, from 1925 until 1990. From 1990 to 1991, it was a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation.

Beginning 20 June 1990, the Uzbek SSR adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty within its borders. Islam Karimov became the republic's inaugural president.

On 31 August 1991, the Uzbek SSR was renamed the Republic of Uzbekistan and declared independence three months before the Soviet Union's dissolution on 26 December 1991.

Uzbekistan was bordered by Kazakhstan to the north; Tajikistan to the southeast; Kirghizia to the northeast; Afghanistan to the south; and Turkmenistan to the southwest.

Oliy Majlis
The Oliy Majlis (Uzbek pronunciation: [ɔˈli mɐdʒˈlɪs]) is the parliament of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It succeeded the Supreme Council in 1995, and was unicameral until a reform implemented in January 2005 created a second chamber. The current fifth parliament was first convened on 27 October 2024.

The Legislative Chamber has 150 deputies elected from territorial constituencies. The Senate has 100 members: 84 elected from the regions of Uzbekistan, and 16 nominated by the President of Uzbekistan.

Both houses have five-year terms.
Stephen Hauschka
Stephen Theodore Hauschka (born June 29, 1985) is an American former professional football player who was a placekicker in the National Football League (NFL). He was signed by the Minnesota Vikings as an undrafted free agent in 2008. He played college football at Middlebury College and for the North Carolina State Wolfpack.

Hauschka was also a member of the Baltimore Ravens, Atlanta Falcons, Detroit Lions, Las Vegas Locomotives, Denver Broncos, Seattle Seahawks, Buffalo Bills, and Jacksonville Jaguars. He won Super Bowl XLVIII as a member of the Seahawks.

Josh Allen
Joshua Patrick Allen (born May 21, 1996) is an American professional football quarterback for the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League (NFL). A lightly regarded high school prospect, Allen began his college football career with the Reedley Tigers before transferring to the Wyoming Cowboys. He was selected seventh overall by the Bills in the 2018 NFL draft.

Allen had a breakout season in 2020 when he led the Bills to their first division title and playoff victory since 1995 en route to an AFC Championship Game appearance. As the team's starting quarterback, he has led Buffalo to a total of seven playoff appearances, five consecutive division titles, and two conference championship game berths. He was named NFL Most Valuable Player in 2024 and has also received four Pro Bowl and two second-team All-Pro selections. Allen is regarded as one of the greatest dual-threat quarterbacks of all time.
Bawn
A bawn is the defensive wall surrounding an Irish tower house. It is the anglicised version of the Irish word bábhún (sometimes spelt badhún), possibly meaning "cattle-stronghold" or "cattle-enclosure". The Irish word for "cow" is bó and its plural is ba. The Irish word for "stronghold, enclosure" is dún, whose genitive case is dúin.

The original purpose of bawns was to protect cattle from attack. They included trenches that were often strengthened with stakes or hedges. Over time, these were gradually replaced by walls. The name then began to be used for the walls that were built around tower houses.

English and Scottish names for the same thing include "pele" (hence pele tower) and "barmkin".

Bartizan
A bartizan (an alteration of bratticing), also called a guerite, garita, or échauguette, or spelled bartisan, is an overhanging turret projecting from the walls of late-medieval and early-modern fortifications from the early 14th century up to the 18th century. Most frequently found at corners, they protected a warder and enabled him to see his surroundings. Bartizans are generally furnished with oillets or arrow slits. The turret was usually supported by stepped masonry corbels and could be round, polygonal or square.

Bartizans were incorporated into many notable examples of Scottish Baronial architecture. In the architecture of Aberdeen, the new Town House, built in 1868–74, incorporates bartizans in the West Tower.
E. M. Wright
Sir Edward Maitland Wright FRSE (13 February 1906 – 2 February 2005) was an English mathematician, best known for co-authoring An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers Hardy & Wright (1938) with G. H. Hardy. He served as the Principal of the University of Aberdeen from 1962 to 1976.

Royal Society of Edinburgh
The Royal Society of Edinburgh (RSE) is Scotland's national academy of science and letters. It is a registered charity that operates on a wholly independent and non-partisan basis and provides public benefit throughout Scotland. It was established in 1783. As of 2021, there are around 1,800 Fellows.

The Society covers a broader range of fields than the Royal Society of London, including literature and history. The Fellowship includes people from a wide range of disciplines: science and technology, arts, humanities, medicine, social science, business, and public service.
2023 Hyderabad ePrix
The 2023 Hyderabad ePrix, known for sponsorships reasons as the 2023 Greenko Hyderabad ePrix, was a Formula E event held at the Hyderabad Street Circuit in the city of Hyderabad, Telangana, India on 11 February 2023 as the fourth round of the 2022–23 Formula E World Championship. This was the inaugural running of a Formula E event at the track, as well as the first time an ePrix was held in India. It was also the first motorsport event hosted by the country as part of an FIA-sanctioned World Championship since the 2013 Indian Grand Prix almost a decade prior.

2023 São Paulo ePrix
The 2023 São Paulo ePrix was the sixth race of the 2022–23 Formula E World Championship on 25 March 2023. It was the first Formula E race held in Brazil. The race was held on the São Paulo Street Circuit, around the Anhembi Sambadrome.
Middle Franconia
Middle Franconia (German: Mittelfranken, pronounced [ˈmɪtl̩ˌfʁaŋkŋ̍] ⓘ) is one of the three administrative regions of Franconia, Germany, in the west of Bavaria bordering the state of Baden-Württemberg. The administrative seat is Ansbach; the most populous and largest city is Nuremberg.

Tauber Franconia
The region of Tauber Franconia (German: Tauberfranken) is a part of the region of Franconia, most of which lies in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. Tauber Franconia is almost coextensive with the county of Main-Tauber-Kreis, which is bisected by the River Tauber, but a small part also belongs to the Bavarian county of Würzburg. The upper reaches of the Tauber flow through 13 villages in seven municipalities in the county of Ansbach, including the well known town of Rothenburg ob der Tauber. The source of the Tauber is in the county of Schwäbisch Hall. The most important towns in Tauber Franconia are Wertheim am Main, Tauberbischofsheim, Lauda-Königshofen and Bad Mergentheim on the Baden-Württemberg side, and Röttingen on the Bavarian side.
The Courier-Mail
The Courier-Mail is an Australian newspaper published in Brisbane. Owned by News Corp Australia, it is published daily from Monday to Saturday in tabloid format. Its editorial offices are located at Bowen Hills, in Brisbane's inner northern suburbs, and it is printed at Yandina on the Sunshine Coast. It is available for purchase both online and in paper form throughout Queensland and most regions of Northern New South Wales.

The Herald (Melbourne)
The Herald was a morning – and later – evening broadsheet newspaper published in Melbourne, Australia, from 3 January 1840 to 5 October 1990. It later merged with its sister morning newspaper The Sun News-Pictorial to form the Herald-Sun.
List of Wu-Recording record labels
Starting from the emergence and prominence of Wu-Tang Clan in the mid-1990s, several of the group's members have branched out to create their labels following RZA's lead. Some of the labels have dissolved, while other labels have transitioned into other labels. Also included in this list are some of the group members and affiliates that were/are signed to them.

Cappadonna
Darryl Hill (born September 18, 1968), better known by his stage name Cappadonna, is an American rapper. He is a member of the hip-hop collective Wu-Tang Clan and is a member of the hip-hop group Theodore Unit together with Ghostface Killah.
North Island
The North Island (co-officially Te Ika-a-Māui from Māori) is one of the two main islands of New Zealand, separated from the larger but less populous South Island by Cook Strait. With an area of 113,729 km2 (43,911 sq mi), it is the world's 14th-largest island, constituting 43% of New Zealand's land area. It has a population of 4,067,400 (June 2025), which is 76% of New Zealand's residents, making it the most populous island in Polynesia and the 28th-most-populous island in the world.

Twelve main urban areas are in the North Island. From north to south, they are Whangārei, Auckland, Hamilton, Tauranga, Rotorua, Gisborne, New Plymouth, Napier, Hastings, Whanganui, Palmerston North, and New Zealand's capital city Wellington, which is located at the south-west tip of the island.

Waikato Plains
The Waikato Plains (the alternative name Waikato Basin is an ambiguous term as it can refer to the entire river catchment) form a large area of low-lying land in the northwest of the North Island of New Zealand. They are the alluvial plains of the  Waikato River, the country's longest river with a length of 425 km (264 mi).
Ascocarp
An ascocarp, or ascoma (pl.: ascomata), is the fruiting body (sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. Ascocarps are most commonly bowl-shaped (apothecia) but may take on a spherical or flask-like form that has a pore opening to release spores (perithecia) or no opening (cleistothecia).

Pertusaria
Pertusaria is a large genus of warty crustose lichens in the Pertusariaceae family.: 322  The fruiting bodies are usually modified apothecia that immersed in warts on the main body (thallus) with small holes for the spores to emerge, similar to ostioles, or are fully above and lecanorine (spore bearing discs surrounded by a ring of tissue similar to the tissue of the thallus.: 322   Members of the genus are commonly called wart lichens.: 322

The widespread genus contains over 500 species.

Classification in the large genus relies heavily on thallus chemistry to distinguish and classify species, some of which differ only in the presence or absence of a single secondary chemical. Lichexanthone, norlichexanthone, and their chlorinated derivatives are common in this genus.