hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stirtonia (mammal)
Stirtonia is an extinct genus of New World monkeys from the Middle Miocene (Laventan in the South American land mammal ages; 13.8 to 11.8 Ma). Its remains have been found at the Konzentrat-Lagerstätte of La Venta in the Honda Group of Colombia. Two species have been described, S. victoriae and the type species S. tatacoensis. Synonyms are Homunculus tatacoensis, described by Ruben Arthur Stirton in 1951 and Kondous laventicus by Setoguchi in 1985. The genus is classified in Alouattini as an ancestor to the modern howler monkeys.

Orinoco Basin
The Orinoco Basin is the part of South America drained by the Orinoco river and its tributaries. The Orinoco watershed covers an area of about 990000 km2, making it the third largest in South America, covering most of Venezuela and eastern part of Colombia.

The Orinoco is one of the most important rivers in the world due to its length and flow (2140 km and more than 30000 m3/s), the extent of its basin (1 million km2) and especially its historical importance and economic and the meaning it has had for Venezuela, where most of its basin is spread, with almost two-thirds of it. It is probably the largest river in the world in proportion to the area of its basin, similar in extent to that of the Danube but five times greater in volume.  Its discharge is the third largest of any river worldwide, after the Amazon and the Congo, and much greater than that of many rivers of greater length and basin area.
2010 Russian census
The 2010 Russian census (Russian: Всеросси́йская пе́репись населе́ния 2010 го́да) was the second census of the Russian Federation population after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Preparations for the census began in 2007 and it took place between October 14 and October 25.

Valdaysky District
Valdaysky District (Russian: Валда́йский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the oblast and borders with Okulovsky District in the north, Bologovsky District of Tver Oblast in the east, the territory of the closed administrative-territorial formation of Ozyorny of Tver Oblast in the southeast, Firovsky District of Tver Oblast in the south, Demyansky District in the southwest, and with Krestetsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 2,701.63 square kilometers (1,043.11 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Valday. Population: 26,476 (2010 Census); 29,943 (2002 Census); 32,373 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Valday accounts for 60.8% of the district's total population.
Mirpur District
Mirpur District (Urdu: ضلع میرپور) is 
a district of Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. It is one of the 10 districts of Pakistan's territory of Azad Kashmir. The Mirpur District is bounded on the north by the Kotli District, on the east by the Bhimber District, on the south by the Gujrat District of Punjab, Pakistan, on the south-west by the Jhelum District of Punjab, Pakistan, and on the west by Rawalpindi District. The district is named after its main city, Mirpur. The Mirpur District has a population of 456,200 and covers an area of 1,010 km2 (390 sq mi). The district is mainly mountainous with some plains. The Mirpur  District has a humid subtropical climate which closely resembles that of the Gujrat District and the Jhelum District, the adjoining districts of Pakistan's Punjab Province.

Kotli
Kotli (Pahari-Pothwari / Urdu: کوٹلی; pronounced [koːʈ.liː]) is a city and headquarters of the Kotli District in Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir. The city lies along the Poonch River, which is known for its natural secenary and waterfalls. According to the 2017 Census of Pakistan, the city has a population of 46,907 people.
Maurice Maeterlinck
Maurice Polydore Marie Bernard Maeterlinck (29 August 1862 – 6 May 1949), also known as Count/Comte Maeterlinck from 1932, was a Belgian playwright, poet, and essayist who was Flemish but wrote in French. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1911 "in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities, and especially of his dramatic works, which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy, which reveals, sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale, a deep inspiration, while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations". The main themes in his work are death and the meaning of life. He was a leading member of the group La Jeune Belgique, and his plays form an important part of the Symbolist movement. In later life, Maeterlinck faced credible accusations of plagiarism.

Frank Wedekind
Benjamin Franklin Wedekind (July 24, 1864 – March 9, 1918) was a German playwright. His work, which often criticizes bourgeois attitudes (particularly towards sex), is considered to anticipate expressionism and was influential in the development of epic theatre.

In the English-speaking world, before 2006 Wedekind was best known for the "Lulu" cycle, a two-play series—Erdgeist (Earth Spirit, 1895) and Die Büchse der Pandora (Pandora's Box, 1904)—centered on a young dancer/adventuress of mysterious origin. In 2006 his earlier play Frühlings Erwachen (Spring Awakening, 1891) became well known because of a Broadway musical adaptation.
HMS Inglefield
HMS Inglefield was an I-class destroyer leader built for the Royal Navy that served during World War II. She was the navy's last purpose-built flotilla leader. She was named after the 19th century Admiral Sir Edward Augustus Inglefield (1820–1894), and is so far the only warship to carry the name of that seafaring family. In May 1940, her pennant number was changed to I02.

HMS Faulknor (H62)
HMS Faulknor was the flotilla leader for the F-class destroyers built for the Royal Navy during the 1930s. The ship had a particularly active operational role during World War II, being awarded 11 battle honours, and was known as "The hardest worked destroyer in the Fleet". She was the first ship to sink a German U-boat, took part in the Norwegian Campaign, served with Force H in the Mediterranean on the Malta Convoys, escorted convoys to Russia and across the Atlantic, and saw action during the invasions of Sicily, Italy and Normandy, and was at the liberation of the Channel Islands. She was then decommissioned and sold for scrap in late 1945.
Roman province
The Roman provinces (Latin: provincia, pl. provinciae) were the administrative regions of Ancient Rome outside Roman Italy that were controlled by the Romans under the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire. Each province was ruled by a Roman appointed as governor.

For centuries, it was the largest administrative unit of the foreign possessions of ancient Rome. With the administrative reform initiated by Diocletian, it became a third level administrative subdivision of the Roman Empire, or rather a subdivision of the imperial dioceses (in turn subdivisions of the imperial prefectures).

Herod Archelaus
Herod Archelaus (Ancient Greek: Ἡρῴδης Ἀρχέλαος, Hērōidēs Archelaos; 23 BC – c. AD 18) was the ethnarch of Samaria, Judea, and Idumea, including the cities Caesarea and Jaffa, for nine years (c. 4 BC to AD 6). As a ruler, he was part of what's known as the Herodian tetrarchy, created after the death of Herod the Great. Herod Archelaus was the son of Herod the Great and Malthace the Samaritan, brother of Herod Antipas, and half-brother of Herod II. Archelaus (a name meaning "leading the people") came to power after the death of his father Herod the Great in 4 BC, and ruled over one-half of the territorial dominion of his father. Archelaus was removed by the Roman emperor Augustus when Judaea province was formed under direct Roman rule, at the time of the Census of Quirinius.
Noah Centineo
Noah Gregory Centineo (/ˌsɛntɪˈneɪ.oʊ/ SEN-tih-NAY-oh; born May 9, 1996) is an American actor. He began his career performing on television, first in roles on Disney Channel and Nickelodeon, most notably on Austin & Ally (2011–2012), and later had a breakout role as Jesus Adams Foster in the Freeform drama series The Fosters (2015–2018). He achieved wider recognition by starring in the Netflix romantic comedy films To All the Boys franchise (2018–2021), Sierra Burgess Is a Loser (2018), and The Perfect Date (2019).

Centineo has since played Atom Smasher in the superhero film Black Adam (2022) and the title role in the Netflix spy adventure series The Recruit (2022–2025).

Jenny Han
Jenny Han (born September 3, 1980) is an American author, screenwriter, executive producer, and showrunner. She is best known for writing The Summer I Turned Pretty trilogy, which she adapted into a TV series for Prime Video. She also wrote the To All the Boys trilogy, which was adapted into a Netflix film series.
Pashto
Pashto (/ˈpʌʃtoʊ/,/ˈpæʃtoʊ/ PASH-toh; پښتو, Pəx̌tó, [pəʂˈto, pʊxˈto, pəʃˈto, pəçˈto]) is an eastern Iranian language in the Indo-European language family, natively spoken in northwestern Pakistan and southern and eastern Afghanistan. It has official status in Afghanistan. It was also known in historical Persian literature as Afghani (افغانی, Afghāni).

Spoken as a native language mainly by ethnic Pashtuns, it is one of the two official languages of Afghanistan alongside Dari, and it is spoken as the second-largest provincial language in Pakistan, spoken mainly in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the northern districts of Balochistan. Likewise, it is the primery language of the Pashtun diaspora around the world. The total number of Pashto-speakers is estimated at around 35 million to 55 million. Pashto is "one of the primary markers of ethnic identity" amongst Pashtuns.

Khyber Medical University
Khyber Medical University (Urdu: جامعہ طبی خیبر, Pashto: د خیبر طبي پوهنتون, abbreviated as KMU) is a public research university located in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Established in January 2007, the university comprises several constituent colleges and institutes, as well as affiliated undergraduate and postgraduate medical and dental institutions, and various programs in the allied health sciences.
St Leger Stakes
The St Leger Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run at Doncaster over a distance of 1 mile, 6 furlongs and 115 yards (2,921 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September.

Established in 1776, the St Leger is the oldest of Britain's five Classic races. It is the last of the five to be run each year, and its distance is longer than any of the other four.

The St Leger is the final leg of the English Triple Crown, which begins with the 2000 Guineas and continues with the Derby. It also completes the Fillies Triple Crown, following on from the 1000 Guineas and The Oaks. The St Leger has rarely featured Triple Crown contenders in recent decades, with the only one in recent years being the 2012 2,000 Guineas and Derby winner Camelot, who finished second in the St Leger.

Emilius (horse)
Emilius (1820–1847) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a career that lasted from April 1823 to October 1824 he ran ten times and won seven races, including a walkover. As a three-year-old in 1823 he was undefeated in six starts, including the Derby. After a less impressive year in 1824 he was retired to stud and became a highly successful and important breeding stallion.
Philipp Kohlschreiber
Philipp Eberhard Hermann Kohlschreiber (German pronunciation: [ˈfɪlɪp ˈkoːlʃʁaɪbɐ]; born 16 October 1983) is a German former professional tennis player. The right-hander won eight singles and seven doubles titles on the ATP World Tour and made the quarterfinals at the 2012 Wimbledon Championships. He reached his highest ATP singles ranking of world No. 16 in July 2012.

Monte-Carlo Masters
The Monte-Carlo Masters (also known as the Rolex Monte-Carlo Masters for sponsorship reasons) is an annual tennis tournament for male professional players held in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France, which borders on Monaco. It is played on clay courts at the Monte Carlo Country Club and is held in April. The tournament is one of the nine ATP Masters 1000 tournaments on the ATP Tour. Rafael Nadal won the men's singles title a record eleven times, including in eight consecutive editions.

The event was founded in 1896 as the Monte-Carlo International. The following year the event officially became known as the Monte-Carlo Championships, also known as the Monte-Carlo International Championships, which was a combined men's and women's tournament until 1982 when the women's championships ceased.
Dark Ozz
Marcos Tinajero (born January 30, 1975) is a Mexican Luchador (wrestler) who is known under the names Ozz / Dark Ozz, a Face character (referred to as a "Tecnico" in Lucha Libre) that works for Lucha Libre Elite. Best known for his work in Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA), he has been part of The Black Family since it was formed. During his time in the Black Family, Ozz has been a member of Lucha Libre Latina (LLL) and La Secta del Mesías, its predecessor La Secta Cibernetica and La Legión Extranjera but now the Black Family is its own independent entity.

Gran Apache
Mario Balbuena González (April 16, 1959 – May 7, 2017), better known under the ring names Gran Apache and El Apache, was a Mexican luchador, or professional wrestler and trainer. Balbuena worked for AAA / Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA) since 1996, both as a wrestler and a trainer. He was involved in training almost all young wrestlers who worked for the promotion during that period of time.

Two of Balbuena's four daughters—Faby Apache and Mari Apache—followed him into a professional wrestling career. His second wife also became a professional wrestler under the name Lady Apache. Balbuena and his family were part of a long-running "Telenovela" style storyline that also included Faby Apache's then-husband Billy Boy as well as their son, referred to as "Marvin Apache". As Gran Apache, Balbuena held the AAA World Mixed Tag Team Championship twice and the AAA World Trios Championship  once with his daughters. In 2018 he was inducted in the AAA Hall of Fame.
Marion Post Wolcott
Marion Post Wolcott (June 7, 1910 – November 24, 1990) was an American photographer who worked for the Farm Security Administration during the Great Depression, documenting poverty, the Jim Crow South, and deprivation.

John Vachon
John Felix Vachon (May 19, 1914 – April 20, 1975) was an American photographer. Vachon is remembered most for his photography working for the Farm Security Administration (FSA) as part of the New Deal and for contributions to Look magazine.
2006 Winter Olympics
The 2006 Winter Olympics (Italian: 2006 Olimpiadi invernali), officially the XX Olympic Winter Games (Italian: XX Giochi olimpici invernali) and also known as Torino 2006, were a winter multi-sport event held from 10 to 26 February in Turin, Italy. Turin was selected as the host city for the 2006 Games in June 1999.

This marked the second time Italy had hosted the Winter Olympics, the first being in 1956 in Cortina d'Ampezzo, and the third would be the 2026 Winter Olympics in Milan and Cortina d'Ampezzo which was 20 years after the 2006 event. Italy had also hosted the Summer Olympics in 1960 in Rome.

Cesana Torinese
Cesana Torinese (French Césanne) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) west of Turin, on the border with France. Cesana is a popular winter ski resort, being connected to both San Sicario/Sestriere and Claviere/Montgenevre via chairlifts and gondolas. A run connecting Sagnalonga Monti della luna to Cesana is currently being renovated and will be open from 2022.
During the summer, Cesana is a popular holiday destination, famous for its many trekking and alpine lakes in the neighbouring areas.
Michele Ruggieri
Michele Ruggieri, SJ (born Pompilio Ruggieri and known in China as Luo Mingjian; 1543 – 11 May 1607) was an Italian Jesuit priest and missionary. A founding father of the Jesuit China missions, co-author of the first European–Chinese dictionary, and first European translator of the Four Books of Confucianism, he has been described as the first European sinologist.

François Noël (missionary)
François Noël, SJ (18 August 1651 – 17 September 1729) was a Flemish Jesuit, poet, dramatist, and missionary to the Qing Empire. Nöel unsuccessfully testified in support of Chinese converts to Catholicism retaining ancestral veneration during the Chinese Rites controversy but also opposed incorporating other elements of Confucianism into Catholic practice. He also achieved notability for translating several Chinese texts for European audiences.
Mito, Ibaraki
Mito (水戸市, Mito-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [mʲi.to, mʲi.toꜜ.ɕi]) is the capital city of Ibaraki Prefecture, in the northern Kantō region of Japan. As of 1 January 2024, the city had an estimated population of 268,036 in 126,055 households and a population density of 1,233 persons per km2. The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 27.1%. The total area of the city is 217.32 square kilometres (83.91 sq mi).

Mito Domain
Mito (水戸藩, Mito-han) was a Japanese domain of the Edo period.  It was associated with Hitachi Province in modern-day Ibaraki Prefecture.

In the han system, Mito was a political and economic abstraction based on periodic cadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields.  In other words, the domain was defined in terms of kokudaka, not land area. This was different from the feudalism of the West.
Sultan Kudarat
Sultan Kudarat, officially the Province of Sultan Kudarat (Hiligaynon: Kapuoran sang Sultan Kudarat; Maguindanaon: Dairat nu Sultan Kudarat, Jawi: دايرت نو سولتان كودرت; Cebuano: Lalawigan sa Sultan Kudarat; Ilocano: Probinsia ti Sultan Kudarat; Filipino: Lalawigan ng Sultan Kudarat), is a province in the Philippines located in the Soccsksargen region in Mindanao. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 854,052 people. Its capital is Isulan while the commercial center and largest city is Tacurong.

Buluan
Buluan, officially the Municipality of Buluan (Maguindanaon: Inged nu Buluan; Tagalog: Bayan ng Buluan), is a municipality and capital of the province of Maguindanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 60,931 people.

The town was recognized by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of the former Maguindanao province as the new (de jure) provincial capital in 2014, a move seen as the solution to the decades-old issue of Maguindanao's lack of a permanent provincial capitol due to local clan politics. Republic Act No. 11550 officially designated Buluan as the capital of Maguindanao del Sur.
Ceylon Armed Services Inauguration Medal
The Ceylon Armed Services Inauguration Medal was awarded to members of the Ceylon armed services who served within their specific service branch during periods in 1949-1951 when their service branch was established:

Ceylon Army (10 October 1949)

Royal Ceylon Navy (9 December 1950)

Royal Ceylon Air Force (2 March 1951).

Sri Lanka Army 25th Anniversary Medal
The Sri Lanka Army 25th Anniversary Medal (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුද්ධ හමුදා 25වන සංවත්සර පදක්කම Śrī Laṃkā yuddha hamudā visipasvana sangwathsara padakkama) was presented to all ranks of the regular and volunteer servicepersons of the Sri Lanka Army provided they have completed a minimum of ten years in service by October 8, 1974, the year of the 25th anniversary of the Ceylon Army.
Hemicellulose
A hemicellulose (also known as polyose) is one of a number of heteropolymers (matrix polysaccharides), such as arabinoxylans, present along with cellulose in almost all terrestrial plant cell walls. Cellulose is crystalline, strong, and resistant to hydrolysis. Hemicelluloses are branched, shorter in length than cellulose, and also show a propensity to crystallize.  They can be hydrolyzed by dilute acid or base as well as a myriad of hemicellulase enzymes.

Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis (/haɪˈdrɒlɪsɪs/; from Ancient Greek  hydro- 'water' and  lysis 'to unbind') is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds. The term is used broadly for substitution and elimination reactions in which water is the nucleophile.

Biological hydrolysis is the cleavage of biomolecules where a water molecule is consumed to effect the separation of a larger molecule into component parts. When a carbohydrate is broken into its component sugar molecules by hydrolysis (e.g., sucrose being broken down into glucose and fructose), this is recognized as saccharification.

Hydrolysis reactions can be the reverse of a condensation reaction in which two molecules join into a larger one and eject a water molecule. Thus hydrolysis adds water to break down molecules, whereas condensation joins molecules through the removal of water.
United States Navy reserve fleets
The United States Navy maintains a number of its ships as part of a reserve fleet, often called the "Mothball Fleet". While the details of the maintenance activity have changed several times, the basics are constant: keep the ships afloat and sufficiently working as to be reactivated quickly in an emergency.

In some cases (for instance, at the outset of the Korean War), many ships were successfully reactivated at a considerable savings in time and money. The usual fate of ships in the reserve fleet, though, is to become too old and obsolete to be of any use, at which point they are sold for scrapping or are scuttled in weapons tests.

In rare cases, the general public may intercede for ships from the reserve fleet that are about to be scrapped – usually asking for the Navy to donate them for use as museum ships, memorials, or artificial reefs.

Astoria Regional Airport
Astoria Regional Airport (IATA: AST, ICAO: KAST, FAA LID: AST) is a joint civil-military public airport in Warrenton, three miles southwest of Astoria, in Clatsop County, Oregon. The airport is owned by the Port of Astoria and is the home of Coast Guard Air Station Astoria.

The airport has no airline flights. Flights to Portland International Airport were most recently provided by SeaPort Airlines from March 2008
until Spring of 2010. Until 1974-75 Astoria had flights on West Coast Airlines and its successors.

Federal Aviation Administration records say the airport had 1,851 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2008, 1,531 in 2009 and 3,482 in 2010. The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a general aviation facility based on  enplanements in 2008 (the commercial service category requires 2,500 per year) but it would be categorized as commercial service - non-primary based in enplanements in 2010.
Connected space
In topology and related branches of mathematics, a connected space is a topological space that cannot be represented as the union of two or more disjoint non-empty open subsets. Connectedness is one of the principal topological properties that distinguish topological spaces.

A subset of a topological space  is a connected set if it is a connected space when viewed as a subspace of .

Some related but stronger conditions are path connected, simply connected, and -connected. Another related notion is locally connected, which neither implies nor follows from connectedness.

3-sphere
In mathematics, a hypersphere or 3-sphere is a 4-dimensional analogue of a sphere, and is the 3-dimensional n-sphere. In 4-dimensional Euclidean space, it is the set of points equidistant from a fixed central point. The interior of a 3-sphere is a 4-ball.

It is called a 3-sphere because topologically, the surface itself is 3-dimensional, even though it is curved into the 4th dimension. For example, when traveling on a 3-sphere, you can go north and south, east and west, or along a 3rd set of cardinal directions. This means that a 3-sphere is an example of a 3-manifold.