hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Judge
A judge is a person who presides over court proceedings, either alone or as a part of a judicial panel. In an adversarial system, the judge hears all the witnesses and any other evidence presented by the barristers or solicitors of the case, assesses the credibility and arguments of the parties, and then issues a ruling in the case based on their interpretation of the law and their own personal judgment. A judge is expected to conduct the trial impartially and, typically, in an open court.

The powers, functions, method of appointment, discipline, and training of judges vary widely across different jurisdictions. In some jurisdictions, the judge's powers may be shared with a jury. In inquisitorial systems of criminal investigation, a judge might also be an examining magistrate. The presiding judge ensures that all court proceedings are lawful and orderly.

Lord
Lord is an appellation for a person or deity who has authority, control, or power over others, acting as a master, chief, or ruler. The appellation can also denote certain persons who hold a title of the peerage in the United Kingdom, or are entitled to courtesy titles. The collective "Lords" can refer to a group or body of peers.
Reflectance
The reflectance of the surface of a material is its effectiveness in reflecting radiant energy. It is the fraction of incident electromagnetic power that is reflected at the boundary. Reflectance is a component of the response of the electronic structure of the material to the electromagnetic field of light, and is in general a function of the frequency, or wavelength, of the light, its polarization, and the angle of incidence. The dependence of reflectance on the wavelength is called a reflectance spectrum or spectral reflectance curve.

Geometric albedo
In astronomy, the geometric albedo of a celestial body is the ratio of its actual brightness as seen from the light source (i.e. at zero phase angle) to that of an idealized flat, fully reflecting, diffusively scattering (Lambertian) disk with the same cross-section. (This phase angle refers to the direction of the light paths and is not a phase angle in its normal meaning in optics or electronics.)

Diffuse scattering implies that radiation is reflected isotropically with no memory of the location of the incident light source. Zero phase angle corresponds to looking along the direction of illumination. For Earth-bound observers, this occurs when the body in question is at opposition and on the ecliptic.

The visual geometric albedo refers to the geometric albedo quantity when accounting for only electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectrum.
2021 Eliteserien
The 2021 Eliteserien was the 77th completed season of top-tier football in Norway. This was fifth season of Eliteserien as rebranding from Tippeligaen.

The season was originally scheduled to begin on 5 April and end on 27 November 2021, not including play-off matches. Restrictions enforced by the government due to the COVID-19 pandemic forced the Norwegian Football Federation to postpone the start several times and the league started on 9 May 2021. The last round was played on 12 December 2021.

Bodø/Glimt were the defending champions. Tromsø and Lillestrøm joined as the promoted clubs from the 2020 Norwegian First Division. They replaced Aalesund and IK Start who were relegated to the 2021 Norwegian First Division.

2025 Eliteserien
The 2025 Eliteserien was the 81st season of top-tier football in Norway. This was the ninth season of Eliteserien after rebranding from Tippeligaen.

The season started on 29 March 2025 and ended on 30 November 2025, not including play-off matches.

Bodø/Glimt were the defending champions. Vålerenga and Bryne joined as the promoted clubs from the 2024 Norwegian First Division. They replaced Lillestrøm and Odd, who were relegated to the 2025 Norwegian First Division.

Viking won a closely contested championship title by a single point on the last day of the season, earning their 9th overall title, fending off the defending champions Bodø/Glimt. Viking's last title had come 34 years earlier in 1991. With the win, Viking earned an entry to the 2026–27 Champions League play-off round.
1. FSV Mainz 05
1. Fußball- und Sport-Verein Mainz 05 e. V., usually shortened to 1. FSV Mainz 05 or simply Mainz 05 (German pronunciation: [ˌmaɪnts nʊl ˈfʏnf] ⓘ), is a German professional sports club, founded in 1905 and based in Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate. Mainz 05 play in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German football league system, having most recently been promoted ahead of the 2009–10 season. The club's main local rivals are Eintracht Frankfurt and Kaiserslautern. In addition to the football division, Mainz 05 have handball and table tennis departments.

Borussia Dortmund II
Borussia Dortmund II are the reserve team of Borussia Dortmund, currently playing in the 3. Liga, at Stadion Rote Erde. Until 2005, the team played as Borussia Dortmund Amateure. The team won the Regionalliga West in 2009 and became the second reserve team to play in the third tier, after  Bayern Munich II. They were immediately relegated back to the fourth level, but won the Regionalliga West again in 2011–12. They were relegated in 2015 and did not return until the 2021–22 season.
Glis (genus)
Glis is a genus of rodent that contains two extant species, both known as edible dormice or fat dormice: the European edible dormouse (Glis glis) and the Iranian edible dormouse (Glis persicus). It also contains a number of fossil species.

Allactaga
The genus Allactaga contains the five-toed jerboas of Asia. They are small mammals belonging to the order of rodents. They are characteristically known as the hopping rodents of the desert and semi-arid regions. They have long hind feet, short forelimbs, and walk upright. They have large ears in comparison to their body size and a large tail. The tail assists and serves as support when the jerboa is standing upright. The jerboa body length ranges from 5–15 cm and has a tail ranging from 7–25 cm. The "forelimbs of the jerboa serve as a pair of hands for feeding, grooming, etc." Jerboas use their nose to burrow and push the dirt when looking for food. The male jerboa is usually larger in size and weight in comparison to the female jerboa.  The pelt of the jerboa is either silky or velvety in texture and light in color, the coloration helps camouflage into surroundings to avoid predators. All members of the genus have five toes.
Stade
Stade (German pronunciation: [ˈʃtaːdə] ⓘ; Low German: Stood), officially the Hanseatic City of Stade (German: Hansestadt Stade, Low German: Hansestadt Stood) is a city in Lower Saxony in northern Germany. First mentioned in records in 934, it is the seat of the district (Landkreis) which bears its name. It is located roughly 45 km (28 mi) to the west of Hamburg and belongs to that city's wider metropolitan region. Within the area of the city are the urban districts of Bützfleth, Hagen, Haddorf and Wiepenkathen, each of which have a council (Ortsrat) of their own with some autonomous decision-making rights.

Stade is located in the lower regions of the river Elbe. It is also on the German Timber-Frame Road.

Johann Rode von Wale
Johann Rode von Wale (c. 1445 – 4 December 1511, Vörde; distinguished from his namesake uncle as Johann Rode the Younger; also Johann Roden Bok, or Rhode, Latinised: Iohannes Rufus de Wale) was a Catholic cleric, a Doctor of Canon and Civil Law, a chronicler, a long-serving government official (1468–1497) and as John III (German: Johannes III.) Prince-archbishop of Bremen between 1497 and 1511.
Narellan, New South Wales
Narellan is a suburb of Sydney, New South Wales. Narellan is located 60 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of Camden Council and is part of the Macarthur region.

Narellan is known for its modern shopping centre, Narellan Town Centre, historic St Thomas Chapel, Studley Park House and golf course.

Minto, New South Wales
Minto is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Minto is located 50 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Campbelltown and is part of the Macarthur region.
Montreal Wanderers
The Montreal Wanderers were an amateur, and later professional, ice hockey team based in Montreal. The team played in the Federal Amateur Hockey League (FAHL), the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association (ECAHA), the National Hockey Association (NHA) and briefly the National Hockey League (NHL). The Wanderers were four-time Stanley Cup winners. Prior to the formation of the NHL, the "Redbands" were one of the most successful teams in ice hockey.

Toronto 228th Battalion
The Toronto 228th Battalion (NHA) was an ice hockey team, composed entirely of troops in the 228th (Northern Fusiliers) Battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force, in the National Hockey Association (fore-runner to the modern NHL) for the 1916–17 season.

The battalion assumed the place of the former Toronto Shamrocks franchise, which had been dormant since the end of the 1914–15 season, and played out of the Mutual Street Arena.

Also known as the Northern Fusiliers, the team played wearing khaki military uniforms and was the league's most popular and highest scoring club until the unit was ordered overseas in February 1917 and the team was forced to withdraw. A scandal ensued when several stars were subsequently discharged and alleged they had been promised commissions solely to play hockey.

The NHA then sued the military for $3000 and some game revenues due to the team leaving the league. This lawsuit was not successful.
Piedmont
Piedmont (/ˈpiːdmɒnt/ PEED-mont; Italian: Piemonte [pjeˈmonte]; Piedmontese: Piemont [pjeˈmʊŋt]) is one of the 20 regions of Italy, located in the Northwest of the country. It borders the Liguria region to the south, the Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna regions to the east, and the Aosta Valley region to the northwest. Piedmont also borders Switzerland to the north and France to the west.

Piedmont has an area of 25,387.07 km2 (9,802.00 mi2), making it the 2nd-largest region of Italy in area after Sicily. With a population of 4,251,868, it is also the 7th-most populous region as of 2025. The capital of Piedmont is Turin, which was the first capital of the Kingdom of Italy, from 1861 to 1865.

Villanova d'Asti
Villanova d'Asti is a town and comune in the province of Asti, Piedmont, northern Italy. It has around 5,000 inhabitants. The economy is based on a mixture of agriculture and industry.

Villanova d'Asti was founded in the Middle Ages.

The main sight is the sanctuary of the Beata Vergine delle Grazie
Circuit Paul Ricard
The Circuit Paul Ricard (French pronunciation: [siʁkɥi pɔl ʁikaʁ]) is a French motorsport race track built in 1969 at Le Castellet, Var, near Marseille, with finance from pastis magnate Paul Ricard. Ricard wanted to experience the challenge of building a racetrack. The circuit has hosted the FIA Formula One French Grand Prix intermittently from 1971 to 2022.

Moscow Raceway
Moscow Raceway is an FIA-approved motor racing venue in the Volokolamsky District, Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located near the villages of Sheludkovo and Fedyukovo, about 97-kilometre (60 mi) west from Moscow.

It opened on 13 July 2012 for its first event as the fifth round of the World Series by Renault becoming the first major international motor-sport race track event in Russia. It is an FIA Grade 1 circuit, which means that it has all the requirements necessary to host a Formula One race, though the Sochi Autodrom previously hosted Russian Formula One races during the existence of the Russian Grand Prix as a World Championship event.
Australian Ninja Warrior
Australian Ninja Warrior was a sports entertainment competition spin-off of the Japanese television series Sasuke which premiered on 9 July 2017 on the Nine Network. It features hundreds of competitors attempting to complete series of obstacle courses of increasing difficulty, in hopes of advancing to the finals and becoming the season's "Australian Ninja Warrior."

On 15 September 2022, the series was cancelled by Nine and wouldn't return in 2023.

Ninja Warrior Germany
Ninja Warrior Germany (German: Ninja Warrior Germany – Die stärkste Show Deutschlands) is a Ninja Warrior spin-off that first aired in Germany on RTL in the Spring of 2016. Based on the Japanese broadcast television show, Sasuke, and internationally known as Ninja Warrior, contestants in the show are faced with completing various obstacles in the shortest time possible. In 2021, the sixth season of the show, René Kaselowsky and Moritz Hans both cleared Stage 4, the Mount Midoriyama with Kaselowsky having a faster time and being declared the "1st Ninja Warrior Germany" and winning the €300.000 prize money.
Zurich Airport railway station
Zurich Airport railway station (German: Bahnhof Zürich Flughafen) is a railway station serving Zurich Airport in Switzerland. The station is located underneath the Airport Centre, the main ground-side passenger terminal of the airport, which is in the canton of Zurich and the municipality of Kloten. It is located within fare zone 121 of the Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV).

Linthal railway station
Linthal railway station is a railway station in the municipality of Glarus Süd in the Swiss canton of Glarus. It is the terminus of the Weesen to Linthal railway line, and serves the village of Linthal.

The station is the terminus of the hourly Zürich S-Bahn service S25 from Zurich.

The station is also the terminus of a PostBus Switzerland service to Fluelen station, on the Gothard railway and Lake Lucerne, which provides several daily return journeys across the Klausen Pass between May and September. Outside that period, a minibus service called the Urnerboden Sprinter provides three connections a day to Urnerboden on the route to the pass.
Davies's big-eared bat
Davies's big-eared bat or the graybeard bat (Glyphonycteris daviesi) is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is named after James (Jim) Noel Davies (B. 1936) who discovered it whilst on an expedition in Guyana. This was the Cambridge University expedition to the rainforest reserve near Bartica in what was then British Guiana, South America. This species can weigh 30 grams and has a wingspan of up to 50cm.  It is bigger than most micronycteris bats with a fierce disposition. A small frog was found in the stomach of a specimen, and the bat is strong-willed enough to chew its way out of a cloth bag.

The species is found across the tropical regions of Central America and South America; including Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.  It is recorded (2021) in the Eponym Dictionary, published by Johns Hopkins University of Baltimore USA.

Bogotá yellow-shouldered bat
The Bogotá yellow-shouldered bat (Sturnira bogotensis) is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela at altitudes from 300 m to above 2000 m, particularly in cloud forest. The species is primarily frugivorous; it may also consume nectar and pollen.
Chief of the Defence Force (Australia)
The Chief of the Defence Force (CDF) is the highest-ranking and most senior military officer in the Australian Defence Force (ADF) and is the principal military advisor to the National Security Committee and the Minister for Defence. The current Chief of the Defence Force is Admiral David Johnston, who took office on 10 July 2024.

Vice admiral (Australia)
Vice admiral (abbreviated as VADM) is the second-highest active rank of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). It is a three-star rank, and was created as a direct equivalent of the British rank of vice admiral. The rank is held by the Chief of Navy and, when the positions are held by navy officers, by the Vice Chief of the Defence Force, the Chief of Joint Operations, the Chief of Joint Capabilities, or equivalent position.

Vice admiral is a higher rank than rear admiral, but lower than admiral. Vice admiral is the equivalent of air marshal in the Royal Australian Air Force and lieutenant general in the Australian Army.

Since the mid-1990s, the insignia of a Royal Australian Navy vice admiral is the Crown of St. Edward above a crossed sabre and baton, above three silver stars, above the word "AUSTRALIA". The stars have eight points as in the equivalent Royal Navy insignia. Prior to 1995, the RAN shoulder board was identical to the British shoulder board.
Crotone
Crotone (/kroʊˈtoʊneɪ, krəˈ-/; Italian: [kroˈtoːne] ⓘ; Crotonese: Cutrone or Cutruni) is a city and comune in Calabria, Italy.

Founded c. 710 BC as the Achaean colony of Croton/Kroton (Ancient Greek: Κρότων or Ϙρότων; Latin: Crotona), it became a great Greek city, home of the renowned mathematician-philosopher Pythagoras amongst other famous citizens, and one of the most important centres of Magna Graecia.

It was known as Cotrone from the Middle Ages until 1928, when its name was changed to the current one. In 1992, it became the capital of the newly established Province of Crotone.

Oenotrians
The Oenotrians or Enotrians were an ancient Italic people who inhabited a territory in Southern Italy from Paestum to southern Calabria. By the sixth century BC, the Oenotrians had been absorbed into other Italic tribes.
Rakuten Monkeys
The Rakuten Monkeys (Chinese: 樂天桃猿; pinyin: Lètiān Táoyuán; lit. 'Rakuten Taoyuan Monkeys'), formerly known as La New Bears (2004–2010) and Lamigo Monkeys (2011–2019), are a professional baseball team in the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) in Taiwan. Owned and administered by the Japanese technology conglomerate Rakuten, the Monkeys qualified for the playoffs in 2006 for the first time in team history, and by finishing with the best record in the entire season, gained an automatic berth for the Taiwan Series.

TSG Hawks
The TSG Hawks (Chinese: 台鋼雄鷹) are a Taiwanese professional baseball team based in Kaohsiung. The Hawks compete in the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) in Taiwan and play their home games at Chengcing Lake Baseball Stadium. The team is owned by Taiwan Steel Group and was formed in 2022 as part of the CPBL expansion. They joined the CPBL's minor league for the 2023 season, and made their debut in the major league in the 2024 season.
Organ (music)
In music, the organ is a keyboard instrument of one or more pipe divisions or other means (generally woodwind or electric) for producing tones. The organs have usually two or three, sometimes up to five or more, manuals for playing with the hands and a pedalboard for playing with the feet. With the use of registers, several groups of pipes can be connected to one manual.

The organ has been used in various musical settings, particularly in classical music. Music written specifically for the organ is common from the Renaissance to the present day. Pipe organs, the most traditional type, operate by forcing air through pipes of varying sizes and materials, each producing a different pitch and tone. These instruments are commonly found in churches and concert halls, where they have long been associated with liturgical music and grand ceremonial occasions.

Mechanical or electronic systems are used by non-pipe organs to emulate the sound of pipe organs.

American Guild of Organists
The American Guild of Organists (AGO) is "the national professional association serving the organ and choral music fields. The Guild serves approximately 250 chapters and 10,000 members throughout the United States and abroad. The mission of the American Guild of Organists is to foster a thriving community of musicians who share their knowledge and inspire passion for the organ." It is a non-profit corporation headquartered in New York and registered under section 501(c)(3) of the U.S. tax code since 1955.

Membership is not limited to professional organists, but is open to anybody with an interest in organs and organ music.  As of 2026, there are approximately 10,000 voting members in all categories of membership. The AGO's current president is Eileen Hunt, elected in 2022.

The guild seeks to set and maintain high musical standards and to promote understanding and appreciation of all aspects of organ and choral music.
International Boxing Federation
The International Boxing Federation (IBF) is one of four major organizations recognized by the International Boxing Hall of Fame (IBHOF) which sanctions professional boxing bouts. The others are the World Boxing Association (WBA), World Boxing Council (WBC) and World Boxing Organization (WBO).

Carl Williams (boxer)
Carl Williams (November 11, 1959 – April 7, 2013), nicknamed "the Truth", was an American boxer who competed as a professional from 1982 to 1997. He challenged twice for heavyweight world titles; the IBF title against Larry Holmes in 1985; and the undisputed title against Mike Tyson in 1989. At regional level he held the USBA heavyweight title from 1987 to 1991.
Caio Collet
Caio Jotta Collet (born 3 April 2002) is a Brazilian racing driver who will compete in the IndyCar Series for A. J. Foyt Racing.

Born and raised in São Paulo, Collet began his single-seater career in 2018, winning the French F4 title that year. He then moved up to Formula Renault Eurocup for two years and finished runner-up in 2020, before racing in FIA Formula 3 from 2021 to 2023, taking three wins. He then switched to Indy NXT with HMD Motorsports for 2024 and finished third, and placed runner-up the year after.

Collet served as the reserve and simulator driver for the Nissan Formula E Team, making his Formula E debut with Nissan at the 2024 Portland ePrix. He is a former member of the Alpine Academy and the Winfield Racing School.

2022 Silverstone Formula 3 round
The 2022 Silverstone Formula 3 round was a motor racing event held on 2 and 3 July 2022 at the Silverstone Circuit, Silverstone, United Kingdom. It was the fourth round of the 2022 FIA Formula 3 Championship, and was held in support of the 2022 British Grand Prix.
New York State Senate
The New York State Senate is the upper house of the New York State Legislature, while the New York State Assembly is its lower house. Established in 1777 by the Constitution of New York, its members are elected to two-year terms with no term limits. There are 63 seats in the Senate. The Democratic Party has held control of the New York State Senate since 2019. The Senate majority leader is Andrea Stewart-Cousins.

Patricia Canzoneri-Fitzpatrick
Patricia Canzoneri-Fitzpatrick (born 1964/1965) is an American politician currently serving as a member of the New York State Senate for the 9th district since 2023. She was elected in 2022 as a member of the Republican Party.

Prior to being elected to the State Senate, Canzoneri-Fitzpatrick served as a trustee of the village of Malverne and was the village's police and fire commissioner. Canzoneri-Fitzpatrick is an attorney and small business owner, and a graduate of St. John's University School of Law and College of Business. She also earned a Master of Laws degree from New York University.