hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division
The 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division was an infantry division of the British Army that was originally formed as the Lowland Division, in 1908 as part of the Territorial Force. It later became the 52nd (Lowland) Division in 1915. The 52nd (Lowland) Division fought in the First World War before being disbanded, with the rest of the Territorial Force, in 1920.

The Territorial Force was later reformed as the Territorial Army and the division was again raised, during the inter-war years, as the 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division - a 1st Line Territorial Army Infantry Division - and went on to serve during the Second World War.

By December 1947, the formation amalgamated with 51st (Highland) Infantry Division to become 51st/52nd Scottish Division, but, by March 1950, 51st Division and 52nd Division had been recreated as separate formations. 52nd (Lowland) Division finally disbanded in 1968.

Highland Light Infantry
The Highland Light Infantry (HLI) was a light infantry regiment of the British Army formed in 1881. It took part in the First and Second World Wars, until it was amalgamated with the Royal Scots Fusiliers in 1959 to form the Royal Highland Fusiliers (Princess Margaret's Own Glasgow and Ayrshire Regiment) which later merged with the Royal Scots Borderers, the Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment), the Highlanders (Seaforth, Gordons and Camerons) and the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders to form the Royal Regiment of Scotland, becoming the 2nd Battalion of the new regiment.
Haplogroup C-M130
Haplogroup C is a major Y-chromosome haplogroup, defined by UEPs M130/RPS4Y711, P184, P255, and P260, which are all SNP mutations. It is one of two primary branches of Haplogroup CF alongside Haplogroup F. Haplogroup C is found in ancient populations on every continent except Africa and is the predominant Y-DNA haplogroup among males belonging to many peoples indigenous to East Asia, Central Asia, Siberia, North America and Australia as well as a some populations in Europe, the Levant, and  later Japan.

The haplogroup is also found with moderate to low frequency among many present-day populations of Southeast Asia, South Asia, and Southwest Asia.

In addition to the basal paragroup C*, this haplogroup now has two major branches: C1 (F3393/Z1426; previously CxC3, i.e. old C1, old C2, old C4, old C5 and old C6) and C2 (M217; the former C3).

Haplogroup R1a
Haplogroup R1a (R-M420), is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup which is distributed in a large region in Eurasia, extending from Scandinavia and Central Europe to Central Asia, Siberia and South Asia.

The R1a (R-M420) subclade diverged from R1 (R-M173) 15-25,000 years ago, its subclade M417 (R1a1a1) diversified c. 3,400-5,800 years ago. The place of origin of the subclade plays a role in the debate about the origins of Proto-Indo-Europeans.

The SNP mutation R-M420 was discovered after R-M17 (R1a1a), which resulted in a reorganization of the lineage in particular establishing a new paragroup (designated R-M420*) for the relatively rare lineages which are not in the R-SRY10831.2 (R1a1) branch leading to R-M17.
Ibrahim Ferrer
Ibrahim Ferrer (20 February 1927 – 6 August 2005) was a Cuban singer who played with the group Los Bocucos for nearly forty years. He also performed with Conjunto Sorpresa, Chepín y su Orquesta Oriental, and Mario Patterson.  After his retirement in 1991, he was brought back in the studio to record with the Afro-Cuban All Stars and Buena Vista Social Club, in March 1996. He then toured internationally with these revival groups and recorded several solo albums for World Circuit, before his death in 2005.

Orlando "Cachaíto" López
Candelario Orlando López Vergara (February 2, 1933 – February 9, 2009), better known as Cachaíto, was a Cuban bassist and composer, who gained international fame after his involvement in the Buena Vista Social Club recordings. He was nicknamed Cachaíto ("little Cachao") after his uncle, the famous bassist and innovator of mambo music Israel "Cachao" López. His father and Cachao's older brother was Orestes López, also a famous bassist/multi-instrumentalist and composer.
MAN SE
MAN SE (abbreviation of Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg, German: [maˈʃiːnənfaˌbʁiːk ˈʔaʊksbʊʁk ˈnʏʁnbɛʁk]) was a manufacturing and engineering company based in Munich, Germany. Its primary output was commercial vehicles and diesel engines through its MAN Truck & Bus and MAN Latin America divisions, and participation in the manufacturer Sinotruk.

MAN SE was majority-owned by Traton, the heavy commercial vehicle subsidiary of automaker Volkswagen AG, until August 2021 when Traton completed a squeeze-out of all remaining shareholders and formally merged MAN SE into Traton SE, meaning the former subsidiaries of MAN SE were now directly owned by Traton, and MAN SE ceased to exist.

Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles
Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles (VWCV; German: Volkswagen Nutzfahrzeuge [ˈfɔlksˌvaːɡn̩ ˈnʊtsˌfaːɐ̯tsɔʏɡə], abbreviated VWN [ˌfaʊveːˈʔɛn]) is a German marque of light commercial vehicles, owned by Volkswagen Group. It is headquartered in Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany. Originally part of Volkswagen Passenger Cars (business area), it has operated as a separate marque since 1995.
Public Knowledge
Public Knowledge is an American non-profit public interest group based in Washington, D.C. Founded in 2001 by David Bollier, Gigi Sohn, and Laurie Racine, Public Knowledge is primarily involved in the fields of intellectual property law, competition and choice in the digital marketplace, and an open standards/end-to-end internet.

Electronic Frontier Foundation
The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is an American international non-profit digital rights group based in San Francisco, California. It was founded in 1990 to promote Internet civil liberties.

It provides funds for legal defense in court, presents amicus curiae briefs, defends individuals and new technologies from what it considers abusive legal threats, works to expose government malfeasance, provides guidance to the government and courts, organizes political action and mass mailings, supports some new technologies which it believes preserve personal freedoms and online civil liberties, maintains a database and web sites of related news and information, monitors and challenges potential legislation that it believes would infringe on personal liberties and fair use, and solicits a list of what it considers are abusive patents with intentions to defeat those that it considers are without merit.
An Ziwen
An Ziwen (Chinese: 安子文; pinyin: Ān Zǐwén; 25 September 1909 – 25 June 1980), born as An Zhihan (安之瀚), was a Chinese politician and member of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. He served as minister of the CCP Central Committee Organization Department, the Central People's Government Minister of Personnel, deputy secretary of the Central Discipline Inspection Commission, the Standing Committee of the CPPCC National Committee, among other roles. He authored the book "Revolutionary successors training is a strategic task of the party".

Liu Lantao
Liu Lantao (Chinese: 刘澜涛; 17 November 1910 – 31 December 1997) male, born in Mizhi, Shaanxi Province, was a senior leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the People's Republic of China. He was a member of the Standing Committee of the Central Advisory Committee, vice-chairman of the fourth, fifth and sixth Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference National Committee, alternate secretary of the eighth Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, and deputy secretary of the Central Supervision Commission.
IV Corps (United Kingdom)
IV Corps was a corps-sized formation of the British Army, formed in both the First World War and the Second World War. During the First World War the corps served on the Western Front throughout its existence. During the Second World War it served in Norway and Britain until it was transferred to India, which was threatened with attack after Japan entered the war.

Hundred Days Offensive
The Hundred Days Offensive (8 August to 11 November 1918) was a series of massive Allied offensives that ended the First World War. Beginning with the Battle of Amiens (8–12 August) on the Western Front, the Allies pushed the Imperial German Army back, undoing its gains from the German spring offensive (21 March – 18 July).

The Germans retreated to the Hindenburg Line, but the Allies broke through the line with a series of victories, starting with the Battle of St Quentin Canal on 29 September. The offensive led directly to the Armistice of 11 November 1918 which ended the war with an Allied victory. The term "Hundred Days Offensive" does not refer to a planned Allied campaign, but rather the rapid series of Allied victories.
Artem Chigvintsev
Artem Vladimirovich Chigvintsev (Russian: Артём Влади́мирович Чи́гвинцев; born 12 June 1982) is a Russian-born American professional dancer, specializing in Latin dancing.

Chigvintsev was a cast member of Burn the Floor where he performed both on Broadway and more recently in the West End in 2009. Chigvintsev joined Strictly Come Dancing in 2010 straight from Burn the Floor. He won the show in his first year with his celebrity partner Kara Tointon.

Lindsay Arnold
Lindsay Arnold Cusick (née Arnold; born January 11, 1994) is an American professional dancer, choreographer, and businesswoman. Specialized in Latin and ballroom dance styles, she was a contestant on the ninth season of the reality competition series So You Think You Can Dance.

Arnold joined Dancing with the Stars as a pro in 2013, as one of the youngest pros in history. She won its twenty-fifth season with singer-actor Jordan Fisher and set the record for the most perfect scores earned in a single season, with nine.
Canton, Michigan
Canton Township (commonly known simply as Canton) is a charter township in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. A western suburb of Detroit, Canton is located roughly 23 miles (37.0 km) west of downtown Detroit, and 15 miles (24.1 km) east of Ann Arbor. As of the 2020 census, the township had a population of 98,659, making it Michigan's second most-populated township (after Clinton Township) and ninth most-populated municipality overall.

The township is ranked as the 96th highest-income place in the United States with a population of 50,000 or more, and is consistently ranked as one of the safest communities in the United States.

Livonia, Michigan
Livonia (/ləˈvoʊnjə/ lə-VOHN-yə) is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. A western suburb of Detroit, Livonia is located roughly 20 miles (32.2 km) northwest of downtown Detroit. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 95,535. Originally organized as Livonia Township in 1835, it was incorporated as a city in 1950.
Henderson Silver Knights
The Henderson Silver Knights are a professional ice hockey team based in Henderson, Nevada. They are the American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate of the Vegas Golden Knights of the National Hockey League (NHL). The team plays its home games at Lee's Family Forum.

2020–21 AHL season
The 2020–21 AHL season was the 85th season of the American Hockey League. Due to the ongoing restrictions in the COVID-19 pandemic, the start of the regular season was pushed back to February 5, 2021, and the league's playoff tournament championship Calder Cup was not awarded for the second consecutive season. The AHL's regular-season Macgregor Kilpatrick Trophy would become the league's primary trophy, which was the Hershey Bears's eighth regular-season championship. This was the first season under Scott Howson as the league's president after David Andrews announced his retirement after 26 years in the position.
Sepoy
A sepoy (/ˈsiːpɔɪ/) was the designation given to an Indian infantryman armed with a musket in the armies of the Mughal Empire and the British East India Company.

In the 18th century, the French East India Company and its European counterparts employed locally recruited soldiers within India, mainly consisting of infantry designated as "sepoys". The largest sepoy force, trained along European lines, served the British East India Company.

The term "sipahi" (or sometimes "sepoy") continues in use in the Indian, Pakistan and Nepalese armies, where it denotes the rank of private.

Battle of Buxar
The Battle of Buxar was fought between 22 and 23 October 1764, between the forces of the British East India Company, under the command of Major Hector Munro, against the combined armies of Shah Alam II, the Emperor of the Mughal Empire; Mir Qasim, the Nawab of Bengal; Balwant Singh, the Maharaja of the Benares State; Shuja-ud-daula, the Nawab of Awadh.

The battle was fought at Buxar, a "strong fortified town" within the territory of Bihar, located on the banks of the Ganges river about 130 kilometres (81 mi) west of Patna; it was a challenging victory for the British East India Company. The war was brought to an end by the Treaty of Allahabad in 1765. The defeated Indian rulers were forced to sign the treaty, granting the East India Company Diwani rights, which allowed them to collect revenue from the territories of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa on behalf of the Mughal emperor.
Banksia aculeata
Banksia aculeata, commonly known as prickly banksia, is a species of plant of the family Proteaceae native to the Stirling Range in the southwest of Western Australia. A shrub up to 2 m (7 ft) tall, it has dense foliage and leaves with very prickly serrated margins. Its unusual pinkish, pendent (hanging) flower spikes, known as inflorescences, are generally hidden in the foliage and appear during the early summer. Although it was collected by the naturalist James Drummond in the 1840s, Banksia aculeata was not formally described until 1981, by Alex George in his monograph of the genus.

A rare plant, Banksia aculeata is found in gravelly soils in elevated areas. Native to a habitat burnt by periodic bushfires, it is killed by fire and regenerates from seed afterwards. In contrast to other Western Australian banksias, it appears to have some resistance to the soil-borne water mould Phytophthora cinnamomi.

Banksia ser. Crocinae
Banksia ser. Crocinae is a taxonomic series in the genus Banksia. The series was first published by Alex George in 1981, but discarded by Kevin Thiele and Pauline Ladiges in 1996, and finally reinstated by George in 1999. Recent cladistic analyses suggest that it is monophyletic or nearly so.
Hamlet
The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, often shortened to Hamlet (/ˈhæmlɪt/), is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare sometime between 1599 and 1601. It is Shakespeare's longest play. Set in Denmark, the play depicts Prince Hamlet and his attempts to exact revenge against his uncle, Claudius, who has murdered Hamlet's father in order to seize his throne and marry Hamlet's mother.

Hamlet is considered among the "most powerful and influential tragedies in the English language", with a story capable of "seemingly endless retelling and adaptation by others". It is widely considered one of the greatest plays of all time. Three different early versions of the play are extant: the First Quarto (Q1, 1603); the Second Quarto (Q2, 1604); and the First Folio (F1, 1623). Each version includes lines and passages missing from the others. Many works have been pointed to as possible sources for Shakespeare's play, from ancient Greek tragedies to Elizabethan dramas.

The Robbers
The Robbers (Die Räuber, German pronunciation: [diː ˈʁɔʏbɐ] ⓘ) is the first dramatic play by German playwright Friedrich Schiller. The play was published in 1781 and premiered on 13 January 1782 in Mannheim and was inspired by Leisewitz's earlier play Julius of Taranto. It was written towards the end of the German Sturm und Drang ("Storm and Stress") movement, and many critics, such as Peter Brooks, consider it very influential in the development of European melodrama. The play astounded its Mannheim audience and made Schiller an overnight sensation. It later became the basis for Verdi's opera of the same name, I masnadieri.
Gary Lightbody
Gareth John Lightbody OBE (born 15 June 1976) is a musician from Northern Ireland. He is the lead singer and rhythm guitarist of the alternative rock band Snow Patrol. He also founded the musical supergroups the Reindeer Section and Tired Pony.

Johnny McDaid
Johnny McDaid (born 24 July 1976) is a Northern Irish singer-songwriter, musician and record producer. He is a member of Snow Patrol and a former member of Vega4. McDaid has written songs with artists including Westlife, P!nk and Robbie Williams. He is a frequent collaborator with singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran and co-wrote the pop song Shape of You.
Glossary of chess
This glossary of chess explains commonly used terms in chess, in alphabetical order. Some of these terms have their own pages, like fork and pin.

For a list of:

unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece;

terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems;

named opening lines, see List of chess openings;

chess-related games, see List of chess variants;

terms general to board games, see Glossary of board games.

Round-robin tournament
A round-robin tournament or all-play-all tournament is a competition format in which each contestant meets every other participant, usually in turn. A round-robin contrasts with an elimination tournament, where participants are eliminated after a certain number of wins or losses, as well as with a Swiss-system tournament, where participants are matched according to their running score.
Joe Patterson (California politician)
Joe Patterson is an American politician currently serving as a Republican member of the California State Assembly from the 5th district. Elected in 2022, he assumed office on December 5, 2022. Patterson previously served on the Rocklin City Council from 2016 to 2022, serving as the city's mayor in 2019.

Angelique Ashby
Angelique V. Ashby (born March 20, 1975) is an American politician and a member of the California State Senate since December 2022. A Democrat, she represents the 8th district. Before joining the legislature, she was elected to the Sacramento City Council in 2010, where she served for 12 years. On December 23, 2025, she was appointed Majority Leader of the California Senate by President pro tem Monique Limón.
Wrestling mask
A wrestling mask is a fabric-based mask that some professional wrestlers wear as part of their in-ring persona or gimmick. Professional wrestlers have been using masks as far back as 1915 and they are still widely used today, especially in Mexican lucha libre.

Villano IV
Tomás Díaz Mendoza (born April 9, 1965), best known by his ring name Villano IV (Spanish: "Villano Cuarto"; English: "Villain the fourth"), is a former Mexican luchador. He has wrestled for Universal Wrestling Association (UWA), Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA) and World Championship Wrestling (WCW). The other sons of Ray Mendoza who have used the name "Villano" include Villano I, Villano II, Villano III, and Villano V. He is the last surviving member of the Villanos siblings.
Prime Minister of Cambodia
The prime minister of Cambodia (Khmer: នាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រី, UNGEGN: Néayôk Rôdthâmôntrei, pronounced [niəjuək rɔəttʰamɔntrəj]; literally 'chief minister') is the head of government of Cambodia. The prime minister is also the chairman of the Cabinet and leads the executive branch of the Royal Government of Cambodia. The prime minister is a member of parliament, and is appointed by the monarch for a term of five years. Since 1945, 37 individuals have served as prime minister; 33 as official prime ministers, and 4 in acting capacities. The current prime minister since 2023 is Hun Manet.

List of prime ministers of Cambodia
The prime minister of Cambodia (Khmer: នាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រី, UNGEGN: Néayôk Rôdthâmôntrei, pronounced [niəjuək rɔəttʰamɔntrəj]; literally 'chief minister') is the head of government of the Kingdom of Cambodia. The prime minister is also the chairman of the Council of Ministers, and represents the government at home and abroad. Under the current constitution, the prime minister is elected to a five-year term, with no limits imposed on the office. Since 1945, there have been 37 prime ministers, including 4 who served in acting capacity.

Constitutionally the prime minister is required to be a member of the National Assembly. He must also gain their approval through a resolution before an official appointment by the King can take place. The traditional swearing-in ceremony takes place at the Royal Palace where the prime minister-elect has to take an oath of office in front of the King and the two Patriarch monks.

The current prime minister of Cambodia is Hun Manet, since 22 August 2023.
Vale Park
Vale Park is a football stadium in the area of Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England, and it has been the home ground of Port Vale Football Club since its opening in 1950. It has a capacity of 15,695 for unallocated seated games, rising to 16,800 for matches with allocated seating, having been renovated during 1989–1998 to become an all-seater stadium.

The ground has seen its capacity go up and down, its official peak being 42,000 in 1954 against Blackpool, although a club record 49,768 managed to squeeze in for a 1960 FA Cup fifth round fixture against Aston Villa.  The highest recorded all-seated attendance at Vale Park is currently 16,326 for a League Cup tie against Arsenal on 24 September 2025

Roy Sproson
Roy Sproson (23 September 1930 – 24 January 1997) was an English footballer and football manager for Port Vale. A one-club man, he holds the all-time appearance record for Vale, making 837 starts (and 5 substitute appearances) for Vale between 1950 and 1972. This includes 128 consecutive appearances between April 1954 and March 1957. He is also 16th on the all-time Football League appearance list.

Sproson stayed with Port Vale through its peak in the early 1950s and the challenging period of the late 1960s, when the club was near the bottom of the English Football League. He played under eight different managers before becoming the manager himself from 1974 to 1977. As a relic of an era when players often spent their entire careers with a few clubs, Sproson's appearance record for Port Vale is unlikely to be surpassed. He concluded his career with approximately 350 more appearances for the club than his closest rival and teammate of 15 years, Harry Poole.
Sensei (wrestler)
Sensei (born September 16, 1978) is a Mexican luchador enmascarado, or masked professional wrestler, working for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL). He previously worked for International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG) as Fantasy where he won several titles. Sensei's real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans.

Los Guerreros Tuareg
Los Guerreros Tuareg (Spanish for "The Tuareg Warriors") was a Mexican professional wrestling group, called a stable that worked for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) as a rudo (term used for wrestlers who portray the "Bad guys") faction. The group was the successor to Pandilla Guerrera ("Gang of Warriors") and was sometimes also referred to as Los Rebeldes del Desierto ("The Rebels of the desert") or even Los Rebeldes Tuareg ("The Tuareg Rebels"). The group was quietly disbanded in 2014 as only three members remained with CMLL and stopped teaming up on a regular basis.