hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Open Source Initiative
The Open Source Initiative (OSI) is an American nonprofit organization that maintains The Open Source Definition (OSD), the predominant standard for open-source software. The organization was founded in February 1998 by Bruce Perens and Eric S. Raymond, part of a group inspired by the Netscape Communications Corporation publishing the source code for its flagship Netscape Communicator product. Later, in August 1998, the organization added a board of directors.

For most of its existence, the OSI's activities have been focused on the definition and certifying software licenses as compliant with it. OSI originally had a closed organizational model, but began to switch towards a membership organization in the 2010s to raise more money and expand its activities.

Source code
In computing, source code, or simply code or source, is human readable plain text that can eventually result in controlling the behavior of a computer. In order to control a computer, it must be processed by a computer program – either executed directly via an interpreter or translated into a more computer-consumable form such as via a compiler. Sometimes, code is compiled directly to machine code so that it can be run in the native language of the computer without further processing. Many modern environments, though, involve compiling to an intermediate representation such as bytecode that can either run via an interpreter or be compiled on-demand to machine code via just-in-time compilation.
Whitehorse
Whitehorse is the capital of Yukon, and the largest city in Northern Canada. It was incorporated in 1950 and is located at kilometre 1426 (Historic Mile 918) on the Alaska Highway in southern Yukon. Whitehorse's downtown and Riverdale areas occupy both shores of the Yukon River, which rises in British Columbia and meets the Bering Sea in Alaska. The city was named after the White Horse Rapids for their resemblance to the mane of a white horse.

Because of the city's location in the Whitehorse valley and relative proximity to the Pacific Ocean, the climate tends to be milder. At this latitude, winter days are short and summer days have up to about 19 hours of daylight.

As of the 2021 Canadian census, the population was 28,201 within city boundaries and 31,913 in the census agglomeration. These figures represent approximately 70 and 79 percent, respectively, of the total population of Yukon.

Norman Wells
Norman Wells (Slavey language: Tłegǫ́hłı̨ [t͡ɬʰɛkṍhɬĩ] "where there is oil") is a town located in the Sahtu Region, Northwest Territories, Canada. The town, which hosts the Sahtu Regional office, is situated on the north side of the Mackenzie River and provides a view down the valley of the Franklin and Richardson mountains.
Minister of Defence (Malaysia)
The current Malaysian Minister of Defence is Mohamed Khaled Nordin since 12 December 2023. The minister is supported by Deputy Minister of Defence which is Adly Zahari. The Minister administers the portfolio through the Ministry of Defence.

Minister of Foreign Affairs (Malaysia)
The current Minister of Foreign Affairs (Malay: Menteri Luar Negeri; Jawi: منتري لوار نڬري‎) of Malaysia has been Mohamad Hasan since 12 December 2023. The minister is deputised by the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, Lukanisman Awang Sauni, since 17 December 2025. The minister administers the portfolio through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Ludwig Drums
Ludwig Drums is a United States musical instrument manufacturer, focused on percussion. It is a subsidiary of Conn-Selmer.

Products manufactured by Ludwig include timpani, drum kits, and drum hardware. The company also makes keyboard percussion instruments, such as marimbas, vibraphones, and xylophones, through the Ludwig-Musser brand.

Yamaha Drums
Yamaha Drums is a subsidiary of the Yamaha Corporation founded in 1967. The company manufactures acoustic and electronic drum kits as well as percussion instruments, marching band equipment, and drum hardware.
Edward Bulwer-Lytton
Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton (/ˈbʊlwər/; 25 May 1803 – 18 January 1873) was an English writer and politician. He served as a Whig member of Parliament from 1831 to 1841 and a Conservative from 1851 to 1866. He was Secretary of State for the Colonies from June 1858 to June 1859, as which he selected Richard Clement Moody to found British Columbia. He was created Baron Lytton of Knebworth in 1866.

Bulwer-Lytton's works were well known in his time. He coined famous phrases like "pursuit of the almighty dollar", "the pen is mightier than the sword", "dweller on the threshold", "the great unwashed", and the opening phrase (incipit) "It was a dark and stormy night." The sardonic Bulwer-Lytton Fiction Contest, held annually from 1982 to 2024, claims to seek the "opening sentence of the worst of all possible novels".

Squire Bancroft
Sir Squire Bancroft (14 May 1841 – 19 April 1926), born Squire White Butterfield, was an English actor-manager. He changed his name to Squire Bancroft Bancroft by deed poll just before his marriage. He and his wife Effie Bancroft are considered to have instigated a new form of drama known as 'drawing-room comedy' or 'cup and saucer drama', owing to the realism of their stage sets.
Catmon
Catmon, officially the Municipality of Catmon (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Catmon; Tagalog: Bayan ng Catmon),  is a municipality in the province of Cebu, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 34,608 people.

The town fiesta is celebrated every February 10 in honor of their patron saint, St. William the Hermit. Part of the annual fiesta is the Budbod Kabog Festival and participated by the public schools.

Tabogon
Tabogon, officially the Municipality of Tabogon (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Tabogon; Tagalog: Bayan ng Tabogon),  is a municipality in the province of Cebu, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 42,066 people.
Crataegus laevigata
Crataegus laevigata, known as the Midland hawthorn, English hawthorn, woodland hawthorn, or mayflower, is a species of hawthorn native to western and central Europe, from Great Britain (where it is typically found in ancient woodland and old hedgerows) and Spain, east to Romania and Ukraine. The species name is sometimes spelt C. levigata, but the original orthography is  C. lævigata.

Aria edulis
Aria edulis, the whitebeam or common whitebeam, is a species of deciduous tree in the family Rosaceae.

The tree often forms new shoots around the trunk. Typically compact and domed, the plant has a few upswept branches and the leaves have an almost-white underside. The hermaphrodite cream-white flowers appear in May, are insect pollinated, and go on to produce scarlet berries, which are often eaten by birds.

It is native to most of Europe as well as North Africa (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia) and temperate Asia (Eastern Turkey, Armenia, Georgia). It generally favours dry limestone and chalk soils.

The cultivars A. edulis 'Lutescens', with very whitish-green early leaves, and A. edulis 'Majestica', with large leaves, have both gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

The berries are edible when overripe (bletted).

Tree
Phragmites australis
Phragmites australis, known as the common reed, is a species of flowering plant in the grass family Poaceae. It is a wetland grass that can grow up to 20 feet (6 metres) tall and has a cosmopolitan distribution worldwide.

Stuckenia pectinata
Stuckenia pectinata (syn. Potamogeton pectinatus), commonly called sago pondweed or fennel pondweed, and sometimes called ribbon weed, is a cosmopolitan water plant species that grows in fresh and brackish water on all continents except Antarctica.
Indian rupee
The Indian rupee (symbol: ₹; code: INR) is the official currency of India. The rupee is subdivided into 100 paise (singular: paisa). The issuance of the currency is controlled by the Reserve Bank of India. The Reserve Bank derives this role from powers vested in it by the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. It is the world's eleventh-most-traded currency as of April 2025.

2022 Indian Premier League
The 2022 Indian Premier League (also known as IPL 15 or for sponsorship reasons, TATA IPL 2022) was the fifteenth season of the Indian Premier League (IPL), a professional Twenty20 cricket league established by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2007. The tournament was played from 26 March 2022 to 29 May 2022. The group stage of the tournament was played entirely in the state of Maharashtra, with Mumbai, Navi Mumbai and Pune hosting matches.

The season saw the expansion of the league with the addition of two new franchises. Chennai Super Kings were the defending champions, having won their fourth title during the previous season.

In the final, Gujarat Titans beat Rajasthan Royals, by seven wickets to win their maiden title in their first season.
Southern Football League
The Southern Football League is a football competition featuring semi-professional clubs from East Anglia, the South and the Midlands of England. Together with the Isthmian League and the Northern Premier League it forms levels seven and eight of the English football league system.

The structure of the Southern League has changed several times since its formation in 1894, and currently there are 87 clubs which are divided into four divisions. The Central and South Divisions are at step 3 of the National League System (NLS), and are feeder divisions, mainly to the National League South but also to the National League North. Feeding the Premier Divisions are two regional divisions, Division One Central and Division One South, which are at step 4 of the NLS. These divisions are, in turn fed by various regional leagues.

The league has its administrative head office at Eastgate House in Gloucester.

1977–78 Southern Football League
The 1977–78 Southern Football League season was the 75th in the history of the league, an English football competition.

Bath City won the championship, winning their second Southern League title, whilst Witney Town, Margate, Bridgend Town and Dorchester Town were all promoted to the Premier Division, the former two as champions. Romford folded at the end of the season.
Drisht
Drisht (Albanian definite form: Drishti) is a village, former bishopric and Latin titular see (Roman Catholic Diocese of Drivasto) with an Ancient and notable medieval history (Latin Drivastum, Italian Drivasto) in Albania, 6 km from Mesi Bridge (Albanian: Ura e Mesit). It is located in the former municipality Postribë in the Shkodër County. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Shkodër. The ruined 13th Century Drisht Castle is on a hilltop 300m above sea level. The ruins of the castle itself contains the remains of 11 houses, and below the ruins of the castle, and above the modern village of Drisht are further archeological remains of late-Roman and medieval Drivastum.

Koja Zaharia
Koja Zaharia (also rendered as Zacharia, Zakarija; in Italian sources Coia Zaccaria; in Ragusan documents Kojčin or Gojčin) was a late 14th and early 15th-century Albanian nobleman, and the lord of Danjë and Shati. A member of the Zaharia family, he was the son of Nikollë Zaharia and initially served the Balsha rulers of Zeta. He continuously shifted his allegiance between the Ottomans, the Venetians, and the Serbian Despotate, seeking to preserve his family’s holdings in northern Albania.

Often styled in Venetian and Ragusan sources as Koja Albanensis (“Koja the Albanian”), he played a prominent role in the struggles over Shkodër and Lezhë, balancing ties with neighbouring lords such as the Jonima and the Dukagjini. He remained a significant figure in the region until the Ottoman conquest of Danjë in 1430, although his lands would soon be inherited by his son, Lekë.
Tim Campbell (actor)
Tim Campbell (born 27 September 1975) is an Australian television and stage actor and singer, best known for playing the character of Dan Baker in the soap opera Home and Away between 2004 and 2007. In 2007, he came third in series 6 of Dancing with the Stars.

Leah Patterson-Baker
Leah Patterson (also Poulos and Patterson-Baker) is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Home and Away, played by Ada Nicodemou. She made her screen debut during the episode broadcast on 22 March 2000. Leah is one of the longest featured characters in the serial's history and has been involved in storylines including the deaths of her husbands, her many relationships, surrogacy, suffering anxiety and the victim of racism. Nicodemou took a temporary break from Home and Away in late 2012, following the birth of her first child. She returned from her break on 19 June 2013.
Bata Živojinović
Velimir "Bata" Živojinović (Serbian Cyrillic: Велимир "Бата" Живојиновић; 5 June 1933 – 22 May 2016) was a Yugoslav and Serbian actor and politician. He appeared in more than 340 films and TV series, and is regarded as one of the best actors in former Yugoslavia.

Cinema of Yugoslavia
The Cinema of Yugoslavia refers to the film industry and cinematic output of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which existed from 1945 until it disintegrated into several independent nations in the early 1990s. Yugoslavia was a multi-ethnic, socialist state, and its cinema reflected the diversity of its population, as well as the political and cultural shifts that occurred during its existence.
Growing Pains
Growing Pains is an American television sitcom created by Neal Marlens that ran on ABC for seven seasons from September 24, 1985, to April 25, 1992. The series follows the misadventures of the Seaver family, including psychiatrist and father Jason, journalist and mother Maggie, and their children Mike, Carol, Ben, and Chrissy. 166 episodes were produced.

Magnum, P.I.
Magnum, P.I. is an American crime drama television series starring Tom Selleck as Thomas Magnum, a private investigator (P.I.) living in Oahu, Hawaii. The series ran from December 11, 1980, to May 1, 1988, during its first-run broadcast on the American television network CBS.

Magnum, P.I. consistently ranked in the top 20 U.S. television programs in the Nielsen ratings during the first five years of its original run, finishing as high as number three for the 1982–83 season. The series entered syndication in 1986 under the title Magnum in order to differentiate reruns from new episodes still airing under the original title on CBS.

A remake series of the same name was ordered to series on May 11, 2018, and premiered on September 24, 2018, on CBS.
EuroBasket 1999
The 1999 FIBA European Championship, commonly called FIBA EuroBasket 1999, was the 31st FIBA EuroBasket regional basketball championship held by FIBA Europe, which also served as Europe qualifier for the 2000 Olympic Tournament, giving a berth to the top five (or six, depending on Serbia reaching one of the top five places) teams in the final standings. It was held in France between 21 June and 3 July 1999. Sixteen national teams entered the event under the auspices of FIBA Europe, the sport's regional governing body. The cities of Antibes, Clermont-Ferrand, Dijon, Le Mans, Paris, Pau and Toulouse hosted the tournament. Italy won its second FIBA European title by defeating Spain with a 64–56 score in the final. Italy's Gregor Fučka was voted the tournament's MVP.

EuroBasket 1991
The 1991 FIBA European Championship, commonly called FIBA EuroBasket 1991, was the 27th FIBA EuroBasket regional basketball championship, held by FIBA Europe. It was held in Italy between 24 and 29 June 1991. Eight national teams entered the event under the auspices of FIBA Europe, the sport's regional governing body. The Palazzo dello Sport in Rome was the hosting venue of the tournament. Yugoslavia won its fifth FIBA European title by defeating hosts Italy with an 88–73 score in the final. Yugoslavia's Toni Kukoč was voted the tournament's MVP.

This was the first EuroBasket tournament in which currently active NBA players, that had also already played in an official NBA regular season game were allowed to participate, with Vlade Divac being the only NBA player in the tournament.
Regina Bypass
The Regina Bypass is a four-lane twinned highway connector road in Regina, Saskatchewan. The 44.3-kilometre (27.5 mi) route connects Highway 1 (the Trans-Canada Highway) with Highway 11, forming a partial ring road around the city of Regina.

Phase one, east of Regina from Balgonie to Highway 33, finished on-schedule in October 30, 2017. The second phase of the bypass opened to traffic on October 29, 2019. The project, slated to cost $1.8 billion overall, was the largest single infrastructure project in the history of Saskatchewan. The bypass is owned on behalf of the public by the Ministry of Highways and Infrastructure with design, construction, operations, and long-term maintenance performed by the Regina Bypass Partners.

Albert Street (Regina, Saskatchewan)
Albert Street is an arterial road in Regina, Saskatchewan. It is one of the main roads in and out of the downtown area of the city. It is named in honour of Prince Albert, the husband and consort of Queen Victoria, and intersects Victoria Avenue (named after Queen Victoria) in centre of the city.

Albert Street is considered synonymous with Saskatchewan Highway 6, although signage now points Highway 6 to follow Ring Road and bypass the downtown area; however, some maps and remnant signage and still show Highway 6 as following Albert Street through Regina. An alternate route of the Trans-Canada Highway (Highway 1) through Regina, follows Albert Street between Highway 1 and Victoria Avenue.
Spermophilus
Spermophilus, also known as the Old World ground squirrels, sousliks or, sometimes, spermophiles, is an Old World genus of ground squirrels in the squirrel family (Sciuridae). Formerly, the genus was more species rich, but it has since been reduced to contain only species from Eurasia, with many former species having been moved to other genera. The 18 known species are distributed across the Eurasian steppe belt and adjacent regions between Central Europe and Manchuria. They inhabit steppe and comparable short grassland habitats, including airports, as well semi-deserts and, in some cases, agricultural fields. Their diet is dominated by seeds, grasses, forbs, roots and tubers, but may also include small invertebrates. Spermophilus live in colonial burrows, and spend much of the year in hibernation and, in dry regions, aestivation.

Eutamias
Eutamias is a genus of chipmunks within the tribe Marmotini of the squirrel family. It includes a single living species, the Siberian chipmunk (Eutamias sibiricus). The genus is often treated as a subgenus of Tamias, which is now restricted to the eastern chipmunk of North America. Neotamias, which now includes the western North American chipmunks, has also been included in Eutamias.

In addition to the Siberian chipmunk, several fossil species have been assigned to this genus:

†Eutamias ertemtensis Qiu, 1991 – late Miocene to Pliocene of China

†Eutamias lishanensis Qiu et al., 2008 – late Miocene of China

†Eutamias orlovi Sulimski, 1964 – Pliocene of Poland and Bulgaria

†Eutamias sihongensis Qiu and Long, 1986 – early Miocene of China; subsequently made the type species of a separate genus Heterotamias.

†Eutamias wimani (Young, 1927) – Pleistocene of China
Lucius Aelius Caesar
Lucius Aelius Caesar (13 January 101 – 1 January 138) was the father of Emperor Lucius Verus. In 136, he was adopted by the reigning emperor Hadrian and named heir to the throne. He died before Hadrian and thus never became emperor.  After Lucius' death, he was replaced by Antoninus Pius, who succeeded Hadrian the same year.

Vibia Sabina
Vibia Sabina (83–136/137) was a Roman Empress, wife and second cousin once removed to the Roman Emperor Hadrian. She was the daughter of Matidia (niece of Roman Emperor Trajan) and suffect consul Lucius Vibius Sabinus.
Alte Pinakothek
The Alte Pinakothek (German: [ˈʔaltə pinakoˈteːk] ⓘ, Old Pinakothek)  is an art museum located in the Kunstareal area in Munich, Germany. It is one of the oldest galleries in the world and houses a significant  collection of Old Master paintings. The name Alte (Old) Pinakothek refers to the time period covered by the collection—from the fourteenth to the eighteenth century. The Neue Pinakothek, re-built in 1981, covers nineteenth-century art, and Pinakothek der Moderne, opened in 2002, exhibits modern art. All three galleries are part of the Bavarian State Painting Collections, an organization of the Free state of Bavaria.

Schleissheim Palace
The Schleißheim Palace (German: Schloss Schleißheim) is a complex of three individual palaces – the Old, Lustheim, and New – in a grand Baroque park in the village of Oberschleißheim, a suburb of Munich, Bavaria, Germany. The palace was a summer residence of the Bavarian rulers of the House of Wittelsbach.
Benefice
A benefice (/ˈbɛnɪfɪs/) or living is a reward received in exchange for services rendered and as a retainer for future services. The Roman Empire used the Latin term beneficium as a benefit to an individual from the Empire for services rendered.  Its use was adopted by the Western Church in the Carolingian era as a benefit bestowed by the crown or church officials. A benefice specifically from a church is called a precaria (pl. precariae), such as a stipend, and one from a monarch or nobleman is usually called a fief. A benefice is distinct from an allod, in that an allod is property owned outright, not bestowed by a higher authority.

Middleton Cheney
Middleton Cheney is a large village and civil parish in West Northamptonshire, England. The village is about 3 miles (5 km) east of Banbury in Oxfordshire and about 6 miles (10 km) west-northwest of Brackley. The A422 road between Banbury and Brackley used to pass through Middleton Cheney, but now bypasses it to the south.

The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population (including Thenford) as 3,597.
Dubai World Cup
The Dubai World Cup (Arabic: كأس دبي العالمي) is a Thoroughbred horse race held annually since 1996 and contested at the Meydan Racecourse in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The race is operated by Emirates Racing Authority (ERA) and carries a purse of US$12 million.

Saudi Cup
The Saudi Cup (Arabic: كأس السعودية) is an international horse race held annually at the end of February at King Abdulaziz Racetrack in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It is the richest horse race ever held, with a $20 million purse. It is the main highlight race of the Saudi Cup Night, is a series of eight thoroughbred horse races and one Purebred Arabian race.
Queen Street (Toronto)
Queen Street is a major east–west thoroughfare in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It extends from Roncesvalles Avenue and King Street in the west to Victoria Park Avenue in the east. Queen Street was the cartographic baseline for the original east–west avenues of Toronto's and York County's grid pattern of major roads. The western section of Queen (sometimes simply referred to as "Queen West") is a centre for Canadian broadcasting, music, fashion, performance, and the visual arts.

Lake Shore Boulevard
Lake Shore Boulevard (often incorrectly compounded as Lakeshore Boulevard) is a major arterial road running along more than half of the Lake Ontario waterfront in the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Prior to 1998, two segments of Lake Shore Boulevard (from the Etobicoke–Mississauga boundary to the Humber River and from Leslie Street to Woodbine Avenue) were designated as part of Highway 2, with the highway following the Gardiner Expressway between these two sections.

Lake Shore Boulevard's western terminus is Etobicoke Creek, the western boundary of Toronto. Its western section is a redesignation of the old Lakeshore Road, which still runs from Burlington to Mississauga. From here its route follows closely, though not always within sight of, the shoreline of Lake Ontario eastward through the city to Ashbridges Bay, where it curves north and becomes Woodbine Avenue at Woodbine Beach. The former route of Highway 2 briefly follows Woodbine then turns right onto Kingston Road east.