hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Flax
Flax, also known as common flax or linseed, is a flowering plant, Linum usitatissimum, in the family Linaceae. It is cultivated as a food and fiber crop in regions of the world with temperate climates. In 2022, France produced 75% of the world's supply of flax.

Textiles made from flax are known in English as linen and are traditionally used for bed sheets, underclothes, and table linen. Its oil is known as linseed oil. In addition to referring to the plant, the word "flax" may refer to the unspun fibers of the flax plant.

The plant species is known only as a cultivated plant and appears to have been domesticated just once from the wild species Linum bienne, called pale flax. The plants called "flax" in New Zealand are, by contrast, members of the genus Phormium.

Α-Linolenic acid
α-Linolenic acid, also known as  alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (from Greek alpha denoting "first" and linon meaning flax), is an n−3, or omega-3, essential fatty acid. ALA is found in many seeds and oils, including flaxseed, walnuts, chia, hemp, and many common vegetable oils.

In terms of its structure, it is named all-cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid. In physiological literature, it is listed by its lipid number, 18:3 (n−3). It is a carboxylic acid with an 18-carbon chain and three cis double bonds. The first double bond is located at the third carbon from the methyl end of the fatty acid chain, known as the n end. Thus, α-linolenic acid is a polyunsaturated n−3 (omega-3) fatty acid. It is a regioisomer of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an 18:3 (n−6) fatty acid (i.e., a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid with three double bonds).
Sayyid
Sayyid is an honorific title of Hasanid and Husaynid lineage, recognized as descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his daughter Fatima and Ali's sons Hasan and Husayn. The title may also refer to the descendants of the family of the Bani Hashim through the Prophet's great-grandfather Hashim, and others including Hamza, Abbas, Abu Talib, and Asad ibn Hashim.

See also Sharif, which has a good description of three types of identification for that term and co-relates to this term. In its narrowest sense, a sayyid is a descendant of Husayn ibn Ali, but the term is also more generally used for descendants of The Prophet.

Sadaat-e-Bara
Sadat e-Bara sometimes pronounced Sadaat-e-Bahara, are a tribe of Indian Muslim Sayyids, originally elite or noble Sayyid families situated in the present-day Muzaffarnagar district of Uttar Pradesh in India.

This community had considerable influence during the early 18th century Mughal Empire. Its members were also found in Hyderabad, Karnal District and Haryana, Gujarat & Karnataka, Maharashtra state in India. Some of the members of this community have migrated to Pakistan after independence and have settled in Karachi, Khairpur State in Sind and Lahore.
Tripoli, Libya
Tripoli, historically known as Tripoli-of-the-West, is the capital and largest city of Libya, with a population of about 1.317 million people in 2021. It is located in the northwest of Libya on the edge of the desert, on a point of rocky land projecting into the Mediterranean Sea and forming a bay. It includes the port of Tripoli and the country's largest commercial and manufacturing center. It is also the site of the University of Tripoli.

Tripoli was founded in the 7th century BC by the Phoenicians, who gave it the Libyco-Berber name Oyat (Punic: 𐤅𐤉‬‬𐤏‬𐤕, romanized: Wyʿt), before passing into the hands of the Greek rulers of Cyrenaica as Oea (Ancient Greek: Ὀία, romanized: Oía). Due to the city's long history, there are many sites of archeological significance in Tripoli. Tripoli may also refer to the sha'biyah (top-level administrative division in the Libyan system), the Tripoli District.

Islamic State – Libya Province
The Islamic State – Libya Province (Arabic: ولاية ليبيا, romanized: Wilayah Libya) is a militant Islamist group active in Libya under three branches: Fezzan Province in the desert south, Cyrenaica Province in the east, and Tripolitania Province in the west around Tripoli, Libya's capital city. The branches were formed on 13 November 2014, following pledges of allegiance to IS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi by Islamist militants in Libya. From 2022, the Libyan affiliates of IS stopped carrying out major attacks, though some minor cells remained active as of 2025.
Remote administration
Remote administration includes any method of controlling a computer or other Internet-connected device, such as a smartphone, from a remote location. There are many commercially available and free-to-use software that make remote administration easy to set up and use. Remote administration is often used when it's difficult or impractical to be physically near a system in order to use it or troubleshoot it. Many server administrators also use remote administration to control the servers around the world at remote locations. It is also used by companies and corporations to improve overall productivity as well as promote remote work. It may also refer to both legal and illegal (i.e. hacking) remote administration (see Owned and Trojan).

Remote desktop software
Remote desktop software is software for remote administration of computers, allowing a desktop environment to be displayed on a computer, known as the client, other than the one on which it is running − the server. While commonly found in the context of personal computers, the concept also applies to other forms of computers, such as smartphones and dedicated servers.

Remote desktop applications have varying features. Some allow attaching to an existing user's session and "remote controlling", either displaying the remote control session or blanking the screen.
Meda (mythology)
In Greek mythology, the name Meda (Ancient Greek: Μήδα) or Mede (Μέδη or Μήδη) may refer to:

Meda, wife of King Idomeneus. While her husband fought at Troy, she had a love affair with Leucus (like Clytaemnestra and Aegiale, she became unfaithful to her husband at the instigation of Nauplius). However, Leucus eventually killed Meda and her daughter Cleisithyra, and seized the power over the kingdom of Idomeneus.

Meda, daughter of Phylas and mother of Antiochus by Heracles.

Mede, another name for Iphthime, daughter of Icarius of Sparta and Asterodia, daughter of Eurypylus. She was the sister of Penelope, Amasichus, Phalereus, Thoon, Pheremmelias, Perilaos. Mede was also called Hypsipyle, Laodamia and Laodice.

Phalerus
In Greek mythology, Phalerus (/fəˈliːrəs/; Ancient Greek: Φάληρος) or Phalereus (Φαληρεὺς) may refer to the following characters:

Phalerus, one of the Argonauts and son of Alcon from Athens.

Phalerus or Phalereus, one of the Lapiths who attended the wedding of Pirithous and Hippodamia, and fought against the centaurs during the celebrated Centauromachy.

Phalereus, the Spartan son of Icarius and Asterodia, daughter of Eurypylus. He was the brother of Amasichus, Thoon, Pheremmelias, Perilaos, Penelope and Laodamia (also called Mede or Hypsipyle).

Phalerus, a Trojan warrior who was killed by Neoptolemus.
Potentilla
Potentilla /ˌpoʊtənˈtɪlə/ is a genus containing over 500 species of annual, biennial and perennial herbaceous flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae.

Potentillas may also be called cinquefoils in English, but they have also been called five fingers and silverweeds. Some species are called tormentils, though this is often used specifically for common tormentil (P. erecta). Others are referred to as barren strawberries, which may also refer to P. sterilis in particular, or to the closely related Waldsteinia fragarioides. Several other cinquefoils formerly included here are now separated in distinct genera – notably the popular garden shrub P. fruticosa, now Dasiphora fruticosa.

Potentillas are generally found throughout the northern continents of the world (holarctic), though some occur in montane biomes of the New Guinea Highlands.

Potentilla pusilla
Potentilla pusilla, the spring cinquefoil or spotted cinquefoil, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the rose family (Rosaceae). It may grow up to the height of 5–15 cm (2-6 in).

It was first scientifically described by H.G.L. Reichenbach in 1832. P.F.A. Ascherson later called it P. tabernaemontani, a name which is now invalid. The name P. verna was misapplied to this species; as originally described by Linnaeus, it actually refers to the alpine cinquefoil (P. crantzii). This is a fairly undistinguished species of cinquefoil. Its typical five-fingered leaves and — in early spring — five-petalled yellow flowers are borne on low-lying stems. As its common name implies, in most of its range, it is one of the first cinquefoils to bloom. It can grow in dry, marginal habitats, such as roadsides, meadows, and talus. Thus it can be used for rock gardens, providing bright bunches of yellow when few other plants are blooming.
Bone fracture
A bone fracture (abbreviated FRX or Fx, Fx, or #) is a medical condition in which there is a partial or complete break in the continuity of any bone in the body. In more severe cases, the bone may be broken into several fragments, known as a comminuted fracture. An open fracture (or compound fracture) is a bone fracture where the broken bone breaks through the skin.

A bone fracture may be the result of high force impact or stress, or a minimal trauma injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis, osteopenia, bone cancer, or osteogenesis imperfecta, where the fracture is then properly termed a pathologic fracture. Most bone fractures require urgent medical attention to prevent further injury.

Reduction (orthopedic procedure)
Reduction is a medical procedure to restore the correct anatomical alignment of a fracture or dislocation. When an injury results in a fracture, or broken bone, the bone segments can sometimes become misaligned. This is referred to as a displaced fracture, which requires the medical procedure called reduction. Some providers may refer to this as 'setting the bone'. When an injury results in a dislocation of a joint, or the misalignment of two connecting bones, a similar process of reduction must be performed to relocate the joint back into normal anatomical positioning. In the case of both displaced fractures and joint dislocation reduction is required for effective healing.
Perileos
In Greek mythology, Perileos (/pəˈrɪliɒs/; Ancient Greek: Περίλεως) or Perilaus (/ˌpɛrɪˈleɪəs/; Περίλᾱος) is a name that may refer to:

Perileos, is the Spartan son of Icarius and the naiad Periboea, he was the brother of Penelope, Thoas, Damasippus, Imeusimus, Aletes and probably Iphthime. In one account, he was called Perilaos and his mother was named Asterodia, daughter of Eurypylus; and brother of Amasichus, Phalereus, Thoon, Pheremmelias, Penelope and Laodamia (also called Mede or Hypsipyle - the alternate names of Iphthime).

Perileos accused Orestes of the murder of his cousin Clytemnestra.

Perileos, son of Ancaeus of Samos and Samia, daughter of the river god Maeander. His siblings were Enoudus, Samus, Alitherses and Parthenope (mother of Lycomedes by Apollo).

Perileos, a defender of Troy killed by Neoptolemus.

Perilaus, alleged inventor of the brazen bull.

Damasiclus
In Greek mythology, Damasiclus (Ancient Greek:  Δαμάσικλος or Δαμασίκλου) may refer to two different characters:

Damasiclus, father of Erymede, mother of Taenarus by Elatus, son of Icarius.

Damasiclus, also called Amasiclus (᾿Αμάσικλος) or Amasichus (᾿Αμάσιχος), the Spartan son of Icarius and Asterodia, and brother of Polymelos, Penelope and Laodice; or Phalereus, Thoon, Pheremmelias, Perilaos, Penelope and Laodamia (also called Mede or Hypsipyle). Otherwise, this Damasiclus might be identical with Damasippus, also called the son of Icarius (by the naiad Periboea) and brother of Penelope.
Rawlins, Wyoming
Rawlins is a city in Carbon County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 8,221 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Carbon County. It was named for Union General John Aaron Rawlins, who camped in the locality in 1867.

Business routes of Interstate 80
Interstate 80 Business may refer to several business routes of the Interstate Highway System that connects Interstate 80 with the central business district of various cities bypassed by I-80. The business route in each community is considered a unique route. In many cases, these routes are a former section of a U.S. Route or state highway.
Treaty of Brétigny
The Treaty of Brétigny was a treaty, drafted on 8 May 1360 and ratified on 24 October 1360, between Kings Edward III of England and John II of France. In retrospect, it is seen as having marked the end of the first phase of the Hundred Years' War (1337–1453).

It was signed at Brétigny, a village near Chartres, and was later ratified as the Treaty of Calais on 24 October 1360.

Écu
The term écu (French pronunciation: [eky]) may refer to one of several French coins. The first écu was a gold coin (the écu d'or) minted during the reign of Louis IX of France, in 1266.  The value of the écu varied considerably over time, and silver coins (known as écu d'argent) were also introduced.

Écu (from Latin scutum) means shield. The coin was so called because its design included the coat of arms of France. The word is related to the Catalan escut, Italian scudo, or Portuguese and Castilian escudo. In English, the écu was often referred to as the crown, or the French crown in the eras of the English crown, British crown,  and other crowns.
Sophomore
In the United States, a sophomore (/ˈsɑːf.mɔːr/ ⓘ or /ˈsɒ.fə.mɔːr/) is a person in the second year at an educational institution; usually at a secondary school or at the college and university level, but also in other forms of post-secondary educational institutions. In high school, a sophomore is equivalent to a tenth grade or Class-10 student.

In sports, sophomore may also refer to a professional athlete in their second season. In entertainment, television series in their second season may be referred to as sophomore shows, while actors and musicians experiencing their second major success may be referred to as sophomore artists.

University
A university (from Latin  universitas 'a whole') is an institution of tertiary education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. University is derived from the Latin phrase universitas magistrorum et scholarium, which roughly means "community of teachers and scholars". Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs.

The first universities in Europe developed from schools that had been maintained by the Church for the purpose of educating priests. The University of Bologna (Università di Bologna), Italy, which was founded in 1088, is the first university in the sense of:

being a high degree-awarding institute.

using the word universitas (which was coined at its foundation).

having independence from the ecclesiastic schools and issuing secular as well as non-secular degrees (with teaching conducted by both clergy and non-clergy): grammar, rhetoric, logic, theology, canon law and notarial law.
Yari
Yari (槍) is the term for a traditionally-made Japanese sword (日本刀, nihontō) in the form of a spear, or more specifically, the straight-headed spear. The martial art of wielding the yari is called sōjutsu.

Tantō
A tantō (短刀, 'short blade') is a traditionally made Japanese knife (nihontō) that was worn by the samurai class of feudal Japan. The tantō dates to the Heian period, when it was mainly used as a weapon but evolved in design over the years to become more ornate. Tantō were used in traditional martial arts (tantojutsu) and in the seppuku suicide ritual. The term has seen a resurgence in the West since the 1980s as referring to a point style of modern tactical knives, designed for piercing or stabbing, though the style is not  present on any traditional tantō.

A Tanto knife may refer to an American style of blade based on the Japanese tantō, usually with a squared rather than curved tip.
Sayyid
Sayyid is an honorific title of Hasanid and Husaynid lineage, recognized as descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his daughter Fatima and Ali's sons Hasan and Husayn. The title may also refer to the descendants of the family of the Bani Hashim through the Prophet's great-grandfather Hashim, and others including Hamza, Abbas, Abu Talib, and Asad ibn Hashim.

See also Sharif, which has a good description of three types of identification for that term and co-relates to this term. In its narrowest sense, a sayyid is a descendant of Husayn ibn Ali, but the term is also more generally used for descendants of The Prophet.

Mar'ashis
The Mar'ashis (Mazandarani: مرعشیون; Persian: مرعشیان Mar'ašiyān) or the Mar'ashi dynasty were an Iranian Sayyid Twelver Shiʿite dynasty of Mazandarani origin, ruling in Mazandaran from 1359 to 1596. The dynasty was founded by Mir-i Buzurg, a Sayyid native to Dabudasht. Their capitals were Amol, Sari, and Vatashan.
Aeëtes
Aeëtes (/iːˈiːtiːz/ ee-EE-teez; Ancient Greek: Αἰήτης, romanized: Aiḗtēs, IPA: [ai̯.ɛ̌ːtɛːs]), or Aeeta, was the ruler of the eponymous realm of Aea in Greek mythology, a wondrous realm which from the fifth century B.C.E. onward became identified with the kingdom of Colchis east in the Black Sea. The name comes from the ancient Greek word αἰετός (aietós, "eagle").

Chalciope
Chalciope (/ˌkælˈsaɪ.əpiː/; Ancient Greek: Χαλκιόπη, romanized: Khalkiópē, lit. 'bronze-face'), in Greek mythology, is a name that may refer to several characters.

Chalciope, daughter of King Aeëtes of Colchis and wife of Phrixus.

Chalciope, daughter of Rhexenor (or of King Chalcodon of Euboea) and the second wife of King Aegeus of Athens. She bore no heirs to the king thus given by the king to one of his friends.

Chalciope, daughter of Eurypylus of Cos, mother of Thessalus by Heracles.

Chalciope, consort of the aforementioned Thessalus, mother of his son Antiphus, presumably also of Pheidippus and Nesson.

Chalciope or Chalcippe, daughter of Phalerus.

Chalciope, mother of the musician Linus by Apollo.
Syncytium
A syncytium (/sɪnˈsɪʃiəm/; pl.: syncytia; from Greek: σύν syn "together" and κύτος kytos "box, i.e. cell") (also synctitium) or symplasm is a multinucleate cell that can result from multiple cell fusions of uninuclear cells (i.e., cells with a single nucleus), in contrast to a coenocyte, which can result from multiple nuclear divisions without accompanying cytokinesis. The muscle cell that makes up animal skeletal muscle is a classic example of a syncytium cell. The term may also refer to cells interconnected by specialized membranes with gap junctions, as seen in the heart muscle cells and certain smooth muscle cells, which are synchronized electrically in an action potential.

The field of embryogenesis uses the word syncytium to refer to the coenocytic blastoderm embryos of invertebrates, such as Drosophila melanogaster.

Cytopathic effect
Cytopathic effect (abbreviated CPE) refers to structural changes in host cells that are caused by viral invasion.  If a virus causes these morphological changes in the host cell, it is said to be cytopathogenic. Common examples of CPE include rounding of the infected cell, fusion with adjacent cells to form syncytia, and the appearance of nuclear or cytoplasmic inclusion bodies.

CPEs and other changes in cell morphology are only a few of the many effects by cytocidal viruses. When a cytocidal virus infects a permissive cell, the viruses kill the host cell through changes in cell morphology, in cell physiology, and the biosynthetic events that follow. These changes are necessary for efficient virus replication but at the expense of the host cell.  Ultimately, the infecting virus may cause lysis of the host cell or the cell dies without lysing due to its inability to replicate.
Śūnyatā
Śūnyatā (/ʃuːnjəˈtɑː/ shoon-yə-TAH; Sanskrit: शून्यता; Pali: suññatā lit. "emptiness", "voidness", "vacuity") is an Indian philosophical concept In Buddhism, Jainism, Hinduism, and other Indian philosophical traditions. The concept has multiple meanings depending on its doctrinal context; an ontological feature of reality, a meditative state, or a phenomenological analysis of experience.

In Theravāda Buddhism, Pali: suññatā often refers to the non-self (Pāli: anattā, Sanskrit: anātman) nature of the five aggregates of experience and the six sense spheres. Pali: Suññatā is also often used to refer to a meditative state or experience.

In Mahāyāna Buddhism, śūnyatā refers to the tenet that "all things are empty of intrinsic existence and nature (svabhava)", but may also refer to the Buddha-nature teachings and primordial or empty awareness, as in Dzogchen, Shentong, or Chan.

Diamond Sutra
The Diamond Sutra (Sanskrit: Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra) is a Mahāyāna Buddhist sutra from the genre of Prajñāpāramitā ('perfection of wisdom') sutras. Translated into a variety of languages over a broad geographic range, the Diamond Sūtra is one of the most influential Mahayana sutras in East Asia, and it is particularly prominent within the Chan (or Zen) tradition, along with the Heart Sutra.

A copy of the Tang dynasty Diamond Sūtra was found among the Dunhuang manuscripts in 1900 by Daoist monk Wang Yuanlu and sold to Aurel Stein in 1907. It dates back to May 11, 868 CE and is broadly considered to be the oldest extant printed book, although other, earlier, printed materials on paper exist that predate this artifact. It is in the collection of the British Library.

The book of the diamond sutra is also the first known creative work with an explicit public domain dedication, as its colophon at the end states that it was created "for universal free distribution".
Chhatrapati
Chhatrapati is a royal title from Sanskrit used to denote a king and Queen. The word "Chhatrapati" is a Sanskrit compound term composed of "chhatra" (meaning "parasol" or "umbrella") and "pati" (meaning "master", "lord", or "ruler"). This title was used by the House of Bhonsle, between 1674 and 1818, as the heads of state of the Maratha Empire. The Head Queen of the Maratha Empire is known as The Patta Rani also as Chatrapati or Chatrapati Consort

Marathis
The Marathi people (/məˈrɑːti/; Marathi: मराठी लोक, Marāṭhī lōk) or Marathis (Marathi: मराठी, Marāṭhī) are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group who are native to Maharashtra in western India. They natively speak Marathi, an Indo-Aryan language. Maharashtra was formed as a Marathi-speaking state of India on 1 May 1960, as part of a nationwide linguistic reorganisation of the Indian states. The term "Maratha" is generally used by historians to refer to all Marathi-speaking peoples, irrespective of their caste; However, it may refer to a Maharashtrian caste known as the Maratha which also includes farmer sub castes like the Kunbis.

The Marathi community came into political prominence in the 17th century, when the Maratha Empire was established by Shivaji in 1674.
Investment management
Investment management (sometimes referred to more generally as financial asset management) is the professional asset management of various securities, including shareholdings, bonds, and other assets, such as real estate, to meet specified investment goals for the benefit of investors. Investors may be institutions, such as insurance companies, pension funds, corporations, charities, educational establishments, or private investors, either directly via investment contracts/mandates or via collective investment schemes like mutual funds, exchange-traded funds, or Real estate investment trusts.

The term investment management is often used to refer to the management of investment funds, most often specializing in private and public equity, real assets, alternative assets, and/or bonds. The more generic term asset management may refer to management of assets not necessarily primarily held for investment purposes.

Active management
Active management (also called active investing) is an approach to investing. In an actively managed portfolio of investments, the investor selects the investments that make up the portfolio. Active management is often compared to passive management or index investing.

Passively managed funds consistently outperform actively managed funds.