hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
German Wikipedia
The German Wikipedia (German: Deutschsprachige Wikipedia) is the German-language edition of Wikipedia, a free and publicly editable online encyclopedia.

Founded on 16 March 2001, it is the second-oldest Wikipedia edition (after the English Wikipedia). It has 3,089,259 articles, making it the third-largest edition of Wikipedia by number of articles as of 2024, behind the English Wikipedia and the mostly bot-generated Cebuano Wikipedia. It has the second-largest number of edits and of active users behind the English Wikipedia. On 7 November 2011, the German Wikipedia became the second edition of Wikipedia, after the English edition, to exceed 100 million page edits.

Wikimedia Deutschland
Wikimedia Deutschland (also known as WMDE, Wikimedia Germany, and the Society for the Promotion of Free Knowledge) is a German non-profit association based in Berlin. It was founded in 2004 and recognized that year as the first national chapter of the Wikimedia Foundation, which funds and supports Wikipedia and other projects.

In 2025, according to its records, it had over 110,000 dues-paying members and employed around 180 people, working on projects ranging from public relations to technical development of Wikidata to community support for contributors to Wikipedia and sister projects. It has its own fundraising team and is supported in part by dues from its membership. It also directly supports free knowledge access and development beyond Wikimedia projects, and hosts the annual summit of Wikimedia affiliates.
The Headies Award for Best Vocal Performance (Male)
The Headies Award for Best Vocal Performance (Male) is an award presented at The Headies, a ceremony that was established in 2006 and originally called the Hip Hop World Awards. First presented to Faze in 2006, the category is one of six categories not open to public voting.

The Headies Award for Best Recording of the Year
The Headies Award for Best Recording of the Year is an award presented at The Headies, a ceremony that was established in 2006 and originally called the Hip Hop World Awards. The Best Recording of the Year is one of six awards not open to public voting. It was first awarded to Lagbaja and Ego's "Never Far Away" in 2006.
French Army
The French Army (French: Armée de terre, lit. 'Army of Land') is the land service branch of the French Armed Forces. The Army is commanded by the Chief of Staff of the French Army (CEMAT), who is subordinate to the Chief of the Defence Staff (CEMA), who in turn is responsible to the President of France. CEMAT is also directly responsible to the Ministry of Armed Forces for administration, preparation, and equipment.

The French Army, following the French Revolution, has generally been composed of a mixed force of conscripts and professional volunteers. It is now considered a professional force, since the French Parliament suspended the conscription of soldiers.

Conscription in France
France was the first modern nation state to introduce universal military conscription as a condition of citizenship. This was done in order to provide manpower for the country's military at the time of the French Revolution (1789–1799). Conscription in France continued in various forms for the next two centuries, until being phased out from 1997 to 2001.
Bedford, Virginia
Bedford is an incorporated town and former independent city located within Bedford County in the U.S. state of Virginia. It serves as the county seat of Bedford County. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,657. It is part of the Lynchburg metropolitan area.

Bedford County surrounds the town and has the Blue Ridge Mountains to the north, Smith Mountain Lake to the south, Lynchburg to the east, and Roanoke to the west.

Winchester, Virginia
Winchester is the northernmost independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. It is the county seat of Frederick County, although the two are separate jurisdictions. As of 2020 United States census, the city's population was 28,120. It is the principal city of the Winchester metropolitan area with a population of just over 145,000 extending into West Virginia, which is a part of the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. Winchester is home to Shenandoah University and the Museum of the Shenandoah Valley.
Litani (Maroni tributary)
The Litani or Itany is a river which forms part of the boundary between Suriname and French Guiana. It is a tributary, or the upper course, of the Maroni. The boundary is disputed, with Suriname also claiming land to the east of the river.

The Litani river flows in the Lawa near Antécume-Pata, and is fed from the Loë and Ulemari creeks. The river was first explored in 1950 by A. Franssen Herderschee into the Tumuk Humak Mountains. The total length of Litani, Lawa and Maroni is 612 km (380 mi).

Wayana
The Wayana (alternate names: Ajana, Uaiana, Alucuyana, Guaque, Ojana, Oyana, Orcocoyana, Pirixi, Urukuena, Waiano etc.) are a Carib-speaking people located in the southeastern part of the Guiana highlands, a region divided between Brazil, Suriname, and French Guiana. In 1980, when the last census took place, the Wayana numbered some 1,500 individuals, of which 150 in Brazil, among the Apalai, 400 in Suriname, and 1,000 in French Guiana, along the Maroni River. About half of them still speak their original language.
Robert Shwartzman
Robert Mikhailovich Shwartzman (Hebrew: רוברט מיכאילוביץ' שוורצמן; Russian: Ро́берт Миха́йлович Шва́рцман, pronounced [ˈrobʲɪrt mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪtɕ ˈʂvartsmən]; born 16 September 1999) is an Israeli and Russian racing driver who competes in the IndyCar Series, driving the No. 83 Chevrolet for Prema Racing.

Shwartzman previously competed in the FIA Formula 2 Championship in 2020 and 2021 where he finished 4th and 2nd respectively. He is a former member of the Ferrari Driver Academy, and is the 2018 Toyota Racing Series and 2019 FIA Formula 3 champion. He also served as a reserve driver for Ferrari in Formula One between 2021 and 2024.

2019 Le Castellet Formula 3 round
The 2019 Paul Ricard FIA Formula 3 round was a motor racing event held on 22 and 23 June 2019 at the Circuit Paul Ricard in France. It is the second round of the 2019 FIA Formula 3 Championship, and ran in support of the 2019 French Grand Prix.
Phenol
Phenol (also known as carbolic acid, phenolic acid, or benzenol) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH. It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile and can catch fire.

The molecule consists of a phenyl group (−C6H5) bonded to a hydroxy group (−OH). Mildly acidic, it requires careful handling because it can cause chemical burns. It is acutely toxic and is considered a health hazard.

Phenol was first extracted from coal tar, but today is produced on a large scale (about 7 million tonnes a year) from petroleum-derived feedstocks. It is an important industrial commodity as a precursor to many materials and useful compounds, and is a liquid when manufactured. It is primarily used to synthesize plastics and related materials. Phenol and its chemical derivatives are essential for production of polycarbonates, epoxies, explosives such as picric acid, Bakelite, nylon, detergents, herbicides such as phenoxy herbicides, and numerous pharmaceutical drugs.

Diethyl ether
Diethyl ether, or simply ether (abbreviated as eth. or Et2O) is an organic compound with the chemical formula (CH3CH2)2O, belonging to the ether class. It is a colourless, highly volatile, sweet-smelling (termed "ethereal odour"), extremely flammable liquid. It is a common solvent and was formerly used as a general anesthetic.
Settsu Province
Settsu Province (摂津国, Settsu no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [seꜜt.tsɯ (no kɯ.ɲi), set.tsɯꜜ-]) was a province of Japan, which today comprises the southeastern part of Hyōgo Prefecture and the northern part of Osaka Prefecture. It was also referred to as  Tsu Province (津国, Tsu no Kuni, [tsɯꜜ (no kɯ.ɲi)]) or  Sesshū (摂州).

Osaka and Osaka Castle were the main center of the province. Most of Settsu's area comprises the modern day cities of Osaka and Kōbe.

Awa Province (Tokushima)
Awa Province (阿波国, Awa no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [aꜜ.wa (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan in the area that is today Tokushima Prefecture on the island of Shikoku. Awa was bordered by Tosa, Sanuki, and Iyo Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Ashū (阿州). In terms of the Gokishichidō system, Awa was one of the provinces of the Nankaidō circuit. Under the Engishiki classification system, Awa was ranked as one of the 35 "superior countries" (上国) in terms of importance, and one of the "middle countries" (中国) in terms of distance from the capital.  The provincial capital was located in what is now the city of Tokushima.
Polans (eastern)
The Polans or Polians (Ukrainian: Поляни, romanized: Poliany; Russian: Поляне, romanized: Polyane; Polish: Polanie; Old East Slavic: Полѧне, romanized: Polyąne), also known as Polanians, Polianians, and Eastern Polans, were an East Slavic tribe between the 6th and the 9th century, which inhabited both sides of the Dnieper river from Liubech to Rodnia and also down the lower streams of the rivers Ros', Sula, Stuhna, Teteriv, Irpin', Desna and Pripyat.

The distinct western Polans of the Early Middle Ages were a West Slavic tribe, ancestors of the Poles.

Ulichs
The Uliches or Ugliches (Romanian: Ulici or Uglici; Russian: Уличи or Угличи, Ulichi or Uglichi; Ukrainian: Уличі Угличі, Ulychi or Uhlychi) were a tribe of Early East Slavs who, between the eighth and the tenth centuries, inhabited (along with the Tivertsi) Bessarabia, and the territories along the Lower Dnieper, Bug River and the Black Sea littoral.
Ilyushin Il-86
The Ilyushin Il-86 (Russian: Илью́шин Ил-86; NATO reporting name: Camber) is a retired short- to medium-range wide-body jet airliner that served as the USSR's first wide-bodied aircraft. Designed and tested by the Ilyushin design bureau in the 1970s, it was certified by the Soviet aircraft industry, manufactured and marketed by the USSR.

Developed during the rule of Leonid Brezhnev, the Il-86 was marked by the economic and technological stagnation of the era: it used engines more typical of the late 1960s, spent a decade in development, and failed to enter service in time for the Moscow Olympics, as was originally intended. The type was used by Aeroflot and successor post-Soviet airlines; only three of the total 106 constructed were exported.

At the beginning of 2012, only four Il-86s remained in service, all with the Russian Air Force. By the end of 2020 the number in active service was reduced to three.

Antonov An-12
The Antonov An-12 (Russian: Антонов Ан-12; NATO reporting name: Cub) is a four-engined turboprop transport aircraft designed in the Soviet Union. It is the military version of the Antonov An-10 and has many variants. For more than three decades, the An-12 was the standard medium-range cargo and paratroop transport aircraft of the Soviet air forces. A total of 1,248 aircraft were built.
Thoughtworks
Thoughtworks Holding, Inc. is a privately held, global technology company with 49 offices in 18 countries. It provides software design and delivery, and tools and consulting services. The company's Chief Scientist co-authored the Agile Manifesto and is closely associated with the movement for Agile software development, and has contributed to open source products. Thoughtworks' business includes enterprise platforms modernization and AI first software delivery.

Wipro
Wipro Limited (/ˈwɪproʊ/ ⓘ) is an Indian multinational technology company based in Bengaluru. It provides information technology, consulting and business process services, and is one of India's Big Six IT services companies. Wipro's services include cloud computing, computer security, digital transformation, artificial intelligence, robotics, data analytics, and other technologies.
The Malahat Review
The Malahat Review is a Canadian quarterly literary magazine established in 1967. It features contemporary Canadian and international works of poetry, fiction, and creative non-fiction as well as reviews of recently published Canadian literature. Iain Higgins is the current editor.

The Malahat Review publishes new work by emerging and established writers of poetry, fiction, and creative non-fiction from Canada and abroad. The Malahat Review is based in Victoria, British Columbia, and circulates locally, regionally, and nationally throughout Canada and sixteen other countries. A paid subscription base exists that is 88 percent Canadian, with libraries representing 16 percent of paid subscriptions.

The Antigonish Review
The Antigonish Review is a quarterly literary magazine publishing new and established contemporary literary fiction, reviews, non-fiction articles/essays, translations, and poetry. Since 2005, the magazine runs an annual competition, the Sheldon Currie Short Fiction Contest. The winner of the inaugural Sheldon Currie Prize was Nicholas Ruddock. Since 2000, the magazine has also run a poetry competition, the Great Blue Heron Poetry Contest.

The Antigonish Review was established in 1970 with long-term editor-in-chief R. J. MacSween, who was succeeded by George Sanderson. Thomas Hodd was editor until 2023. Doug Smith is currently editor.

Under MacSween's and Sanderson's editorship there was staunch support of communications theorist Marshall McLuhan from his early days.

The Antigonish Review is credited with nurturing writing talent in Eastern Canada. Besides fiction, poetry, and interviews, it publishes translations, book reviews, and review essays.
National Film Awards
The National Film Awards are awards for artistic and technical merit given for excellence within the Indian film industry. Established in 1954, it has been administered, along with the International Film Festival of India and the Indian Panorama, by the Indian government's Directorate of Film Festivals from 1973 until 2020, and by the NFDC since 2021.

Every year, a national panel appointed by the government selects the winning entry, and the award ceremony is held in New Delhi, where the President of India presents the awards. This is followed by the inauguration of the National Film Festival, where award-winning films are screened for the public. Declared for films produced in the previous year across the country, they hold the distinction of awarding merit to the best of Indian cinema overall, as well as presenting awards for the best films in each region and language of the country.

Ek Anek Aur Ekta
Ek Anek Aur Ekta or "One, Many, and Unity" (also known as Ek Chidiya, Anek Chidiyan after the title song) is a traditionally animated short educational film released by the Films Division of India (Government of India). It was released in 1974. It was aired on the public broadcaster channel Doordarshan and became very popular among children.
United Nations Protection Force
The United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR; also known by its French acronym FORPRONU: Force de Protection des Nations Unies) was the first United Nations peacekeeping force in Croatia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Yugoslav Wars. The force was formed in February 1992 and its mandate ended in March 1995, with the peacekeeping mission restructuring into three other forces (the United Nations Preventive Deployment Force (UNPREDEP) in the Republic of Macedonia, and the United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia (UNCRO) in Croatia, with restructured UNPROFOR operations ongoing in Bosnia and Herzegovina until their replacement by NATO and EU missions in December 1995).

Sarajevo International Airport
Sarajevo International Airport (Bosnian: Međunarodni aerodrom Sarajevo, Serbian: Међународни аеродром Сарајево, Croatian: Međunarodna zračna luka Sarajevo) (IATA: SJJ, ICAO: LQSA) is the main international airport in Bosnia and Herzegovina, serving its capital Sarajevo. It is located 3.3 NM (6.1 km; 3.8 mi) southwest of the Sarajevo railway station and some 6.5 NM (12.0 km; 7.5 mi) west of downtown Sarajevo in the Ilidža municipality, suburb of Butmir. In 2025, 2,226,692 passengers travelled through the airport, compared to 323,499 in 2001.
Gus Dudgeon
Angus Boyd "Gus" Dudgeon (30 September 1942 – 21 July 2002) was an English record producer, who oversaw many of Elton John's most acclaimed recordings, including his commercial breakthrough, "Your Song". Their collaboration led to seven US No. 1 albums, and established John as one of the most successful singles artists of the 1970s.

Dudgeon also produced Chris Rea's first hit, the US chart topping "Fool (If You Think It's Over)", and David Bowie's "Space Oddity", and steered many other artists to chart success, including Joan Armatrading and Elkie Brooks. The Guinness Book of Records cites Dudgeon as being the first person to use sampling in music production. He was a founding member of the Music Producers Guild.

Nigel Olsson
Nigel Olsson (born 10 February 1949) is an English drummer, best known for being a lifelong member of the Elton John Band. He has had an equally long career as a session musician and composed, recorded and produced albums as a solo artist.
Neustria
Neustria was the western part of the Kingdom of the Franks during the Early Middle Ages, in contrast to the eastern Frankish sub-kingdom, Austrasia. It initially included land between the Loire and the Silva Carbonaria, in the north of present-day France, with Paris, Orléans, Tours, Soissons as its main cities.

The same term later referred to a smaller region between the Seine and the Loire rivers known as the regnum Neustriae, a constituent subkingdom of the Carolingian Empire and then West Francia. The Carolingian kings also created a March of Neustria which was a frontier duchy against the Bretons and Vikings that lasted until the Capetian monarchy in the late 10th century, when the term was eclipsed as a European political or geographical term.

Chronicle of Fredegar
The Chronicle of Fredegar is the conventional title used for a 7th-century Frankish chronicle that was probably written in Burgundy. The author is unknown and the attribution to Fredegar dates only from the 16th century.

The chronicle begins with the creation of the world and ends in AD 642. There are also a few references to events up to 658. Some copies of the manuscript contain an abridged version of the chronicle up to the date of 642, but include additional sections written under the Carolingian dynasty that end with the death of Pepin the Short in 768. The Chronicle of Fredegar with its Continuations is one of the few sources that provide information on the Merovingian dynasty for the period after 591 when Gregory of Tours' the Decem Libri Historiarum finishes.
Punjabi language
Punjabi, sometimes spelled Panjabi, is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Punjab region of Pakistan and India. It is one of the most widely spoken native languages in the world, with approximately 150 million native speakers.

Punjabi is the most widely-spoken first language in Pakistan, with 88.9 million native speakers according to the 2023 Pakistani census, and the 11th most widely-spoken in India, with 31.1 million native speakers, according to the 2011 census. It is spoken among a significant overseas diaspora, particularly in Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, and the Gulf states.

In Pakistan, Punjabi is written using the Shahmukhi alphabet, based on the Perso-Arabic script; in India, it is written using the Gurmukhi alphabet, based on the Indic scripts. Punjabi is unusual among the Indo-Aryan languages and the broader Indo-European language family in its usage of lexical tone.

Sudhir (Pakistani actor)
Shah Zaman Khan Afridi, better known as Sudhir (Urdu: سدھیر) or Lala Sudhir (25 January 1921 – 19 January 1997), was a Pakistani actor, director, and producer.

Sudhir was a highly respected film personality.

With his film roles symbolizing valour and bravery, he is known as the first action-hero of Pakistani cinema, appearing in 173 films, including 101 in Punjabi, 70 in Urdu, one in Pashto, and one in Bollywood before Partition.
Buick
Buick (/ˈbjuːɪk/; BYOO-ik) is a division of the American automobile manufacturer, General Motors (GM). Started by automotive pioneer David Dunbar Buick in 1899, it was among the first American automobile brands and was the company that established General Motors in 1908. Before the establishment of General Motors, GM founder William C. Durant had served as Buick's general manager and major investor. With the demise of Oldsmobile in 2004, Buick became the oldest surviving American carmaker. Buick is positioned as a premium automobile brand, selling vehicles positioned below the flagship luxury Cadillac division.

Rear-wheel drive
Rear-wheel drive (RWD) is a form of engine and transmission layout used in motor vehicles, in which the engine drives the rear wheels only. Until the late 20th century, rear-wheel drive was the most common configuration for cars. 
Most rear-wheel drive vehicles feature a longitudinally-mounted engine at the front of the car.
Caracas F.C.
Caracas Fútbol Club is a Venezuelan professional football team based in Caracas. The club has won twelve First Division titles making it the most successful in Venezuelan football history.

They are nicknamed Los Rojos del Ávila, or the "Reds from Ávila". This refers to their red jerseys as well as Cerro El Ávila, a mountain near Caracas.

Aragua F.C.
Aragua Fútbol Club (Spanish pronunciation: [aˈɾaɣwa ˈfuðβol ˈkluβ]) is a Venezuelan football team based in the city of Maracay, in the state of Aragua. The club began their existence playing in the Venezuelan Segunda División a year after the club was founded in 2002. From 2005 to 2022, Aragua played in the Primera División Venezolana.

The club's colors are yellow and red, although they were blue and white until the mid 2000s. Home games are played at the Olímpico Hermanos Ghersi in Maracay, with a 16,000 spectator capacity.

Aragua won the 2004–05 Venezuelan Segunda División and the 2007-08 Copa Venezuela.
Yi people
The Yi or Nuosu people (Nuosu: ꆈꌠ, [nɔ̄sū]; Chinese: 彝族; pinyin: Yízú; see also § Names and subgroups) are an ethnic group in southern China. Numbering nine million people, they are the sixth largest of the 55 ethnic minority groups recognized by the Chinese government. They live primarily in rural areas of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi, usually in mountainous regions. The Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture is home to the largest population of Yi people within China, with two million Yi people in the region. In neighbouring Vietnam, as of 2019, there are 4,827 Lô Lô people (a subgroup of the Yi) living in the Hà Giang, Cao Bằng, and Lào Cai provinces, in the country's north.

The Yi speak various Loloish languages, closely related to Burmese. The prestige variety is Nuosu, which is written in the Yi script.

Derung people
The Derung people (simplified Chinese: 独龙族; traditional Chinese: 獨龍族; pinyin: Dúlóngzú, endonym: Drung pronunciation: [tə˧˩ɻuŋ˥˧ ə˧˩tsəŋ˥˧]), also spelt Drung or Dulong, are an ethnic group. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by China. Their population of 7,310 is found in the Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan in the Derung Valley of Gongshan Derung and Nu Autonomous County. Another 600 can be found east of the Derung Valley, living in the mountains above the Nu River (Salween River) near the village of Binzhongluo in northern Gongshan Derung and Nu Autonomous County.
List of Navarrese monarchs
This is a list of the kings and queens of Pamplona, later Navarre. Pamplona was the primary name of the kingdom until its union with Aragon (1076–1134). However, the territorial designation Navarre came into use as an alternative name in the late tenth century, and the name Pamplona was retained well into the twelfth century.

Theobald II of Navarre
Theobald II (6/7 December 1239 – 4/5 December 1270) was King of Navarre and also, as Theobald V, Count of Champagne and Brie, from 1253 until his death. He was the son and successor of Theobald I and the second Navarrese monarch of the House of Blois. After he died childless, the throne of Navarre passed to his younger brother, Henry I.