hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Midnapore district
Midnapore (Pron: mad̪aːniːpur), or sometimes Medinipur, is a former district in the Indian state of West Bengal, headquartered in Midnapore. On 1 January 2002, the district was bifurcated into two separate districts namely Purba Medinipur and Paschim Medinipur. It was the largest district of West Bengal by area and population at the time of bifurcation.

Contai
Contai, also known as Kanthi (Bengali pronunciation: [kañtʰi]), is a coastal and subdivisional city and a municipality in East Midnapore district, West Bengal, India. It is the headquarters of the Contai subdivision.
Italy men's national volleyball team
The Italy men's national volleyball team represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches. The national team is controlled by the Italian Volleyball Federation, the governing body for Volleyball in Italy. It is one of the most successful national teams in the history of volleyball, having won five World Championships (1990, 1994, 1998, 2022 and 2025), seven European Championships (1989, 1993, 1995, 1999, 2003, 2005, and 2021), one World Cup (1995), and eight World Leagues (1990, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1999, and 2000). Italy is the reigning world champion, having won the 2025 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship on 28 September 2025. Italy equaled a record previously held by the USSR by becoming world volleyball champions in both men’s and women’s competitions — a feat the Soviet Union had achieved in 1952 and 1960.

Puerto Rico men's national volleyball team
The Puerto Rico men's national volleyball team represents Puerto Rico in international volleyball competitions and friendly matches. In 2007 the squad won the silver medal at the NORCECA Volleyball Championship after defeating Cuba in the semi-finals. With that performance Puerto Rico for the first time qualified for the Volleyball World Cup, later that year in Japan.
M. S. Viswanathan
Manayangath Subramanian Viswanathan (24 June 1928 – 14 July 2015), also known as M.S.V., was an Indian music director, singer and actor who predominantly worked in Tamil film industry. Popularly known by the sobriquet "Mellisai Mannar" (transl. King of Melody), he composed songs for more than 800 Indian films and various albums across languages primarily in Tamil, Malayalam and Telugu films. He has also acted and sung in a few Tamil films. The Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu J Jayalalithaa conferred the "Thirai Isai Chakravarthy" (transl. The Emperor of Cine Music) title on him in August 2012 and presented him with 60 gold coins and a new car.

Viswanathan composed film music together with composer and violinist T. K. Ramamoorthy from the 1950s to 1965, as Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy for 100 Films. He independently composed for 700 films from 1965 to 2015.

K. R. Vijaya
Deivanayaki, better known by her stage name K. R. Vijaya, is an Indian actress who has featured in Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu and Kannada films. She started her career in 1963 and has been acting for more than six decades in South Indian cinema. The actress has worked with almost all the stalwarts of South Indian cinema and has played many key roles.
Gomal River
The Gomal (Urdu: دریائے گومل, Pashto: ګومل سیند،  ګومل دریاب) is a 400-kilometre-long (250 mi) river in Afghanistan and Pakistan. It rises in northern Afghanistan's Paktika Province and joins the Indus River 20 miles south of Dera Ismail Khan, in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province.

Gomal University in Dera Ismail Khan and Gomal District in Afghanistan's Paktika province are named after the river.

Kurram River
The Kurram River (Persian: رود کرم), (Pashto: د کورمې سيند) or Kurrama River, originates from the watershed of Safed Koh region in the Paktia province of Afghanistan and the Kurram District of Pakistan. It flows through North Waziristan, and the city of Bannu, before joining the Indus River near Isa Khel. It drains the southern flanks of the Safed Koh mountain range and is a right-bank tributary of the Indus.

Kurram River mainly passes through the southern Tribal Areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It irrigates around 32,000 hectares (80,000 acres) of land.

Its tributaries include the Kirman and the Khurmana rivers.

The nearby Kurram-Garhi project, finished in 1962, provides flood control and is used for irrigation and power generation.  The soil around Kurram river is very suitable for agriculture. It contains living properties and is subject to flood in some season.
Mamuju Regency
Mamuju Regency is a regency (Indonesian: kabupaten Mamuju) of West Sulawesi province, Indonesia. The regency capital is at Karema, while Mamuju town is the capital of West Sulawesi. The population of the regency was 336,879 at the 2010 Census, but it was substantially reduced by the creation of the new Central Mamuju Regency which was cut out of it on 14 December 2012. The reduced Mamuju Regency covers an area of 4,936.02 km2 and had a population of 278,764 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 297,141 (comprising 149,395 males and 142,844 females in mid 2023).

Pasangkayu Regency
Pasangkayu Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Pasangkayu) is one of the six regencies which comprise West Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, on the island of Sulawesi. It covers an area of 3,043.75 km2 and had a population of 134,303 at the 2010 Census and 188,861 at the 2020 Census. The official estimate as at mid 2023 was 204,216 (comprising 105,810 males and 98,406 females). The indigenous population speak the Kaili language, also indigenous in the southern part of Donggala Regency and in Sigi Regency to the east. The town of Pasangkayu is the capital and chief town of the regency.
Graph theory
In mathematics and computer science, graph theory is the study of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects. A graph in this context is made up of vertices (also called nodes or points) which are connected by edges (also called arcs, links, or lines). A distinction is made between undirected graphs, where edges link two vertices symmetrically, and directed graphs, where edges link two vertices asymmetrically. Graphs are one of the principal objects of study in discrete mathematics.

László Lovász
László Lovász (Hungarian: [ˈlovaːs ˈlaːsloː]; born March 9, 1948) is a Hungarian mathematician and professor emeritus at Eötvös Loránd University, best known for his work in combinatorics, for which he was awarded the 2021 Abel Prize jointly with Avi Wigderson. He was the president of the International Mathematical Union from 2007 to 2010 and the president of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences from 2014 to 2020.

In graph theory, Lovász's notable contributions include the proofs of Kneser's conjecture and the Lovász local lemma, as well as the formulation of the Erdős–Faber–Lovász conjecture. He is also one of the eponymous authors of the LLL lattice reduction algorithm.
Elettaria
Elettaria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Zingiberaceae. They are native to India and Sri Lanka, but cultivated and naturalized elsewhere. One member of the genus, E. cardamomum, known as green cardamom or true cardamom, is a commercially important spice used as a flavouring agent in many countries.

In 2018, several species were removed from Elettaria and placed in a new genus called Sulettaria. These species are recognized as of October 2018: A phylogenetic analysis published in 2024 found that Elettaria was a well-defined clade of seven species native to India and Sri Lanka, which is sister to the African genus Aframomum and the African and Neotropical genus Renealmia, and distinct from the Sri Lankan genera Cyphostigma and Srilankanthus.

Amomum
Amomum is a genus of plants containing about 111 species native to China, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, and Queensland. It includes several species of cardamom. Plants of this genus are remarkable for their pungency and aromatic properties.

Among ancient writers, the name amomum was ascribed to various odoriferous plants that cannot be positively identified today. The word derives from Latin amomum, which is the latinisation of the Greek ἄμωμον (amomon), a kind of an Indian spice plant. Edmund Roberts noted on his 1834 trip to China that amomum was used as a spice to "season sweet dishes" in culinary practice.
The Rifleman
The Rifleman is an American Western television series starring Chuck Connors as rancher Lucas McCain and Johnny Crawford as his son Mark McCain. It was set in the 1880s in the fictional town of North Fork, New Mexico Territory. The show was filmed in black and white, in half-hour episodes. The Rifleman aired on ABC from September 30, 1958, to April 8, 1963, as a production of Four Star Television. It was one of the first primetime series on American television to show a single parent raising a child.

The program was titled to reflect McCain's use of a Winchester Model 1892 rifle (an anachronism, as the show was set in the 1880s) which had been customized to allow repeated firing by cycling its lever action. He demonstrated this technique in the opening credits, as well as a second modification that allowed him to cycle the action with one hand using a technique known as "spin-cocking".

The Americans (1961 TV series)
The Americans is an American drama television series that aired on NBC from January 23, 1961, to September 11, 1961. Set during the American Civil War, the series focuses on two brothers fighting on opposite sides of the conflict. Guest stars included Lee Marvin, Jack Elam, Brian Keith, Kathleen Crowley and Robert Redford, among many others.
Rush County, Kansas
Rush County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. Its county seat and largest city is La Crosse.  As of the 2020 census, the county population was 2,956. The county was named for Alexander Rush.

Rice County, Kansas
Rice County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas.  Its county seat and largest city is Lyons.  As of the 2020 census, the county population was 9,427.  The county was named in memory of Samuel Allen Rice, Brigadier-General, United States volunteers, killed April 30, 1864, at Jenkins Ferry, Arkansas.
Halva
Halva (also halvah, halwa, halua; Persian: حلوا) is a type of confectionery that is spread throughout the Middle East and North Africa, East Africa, Eastern Europe, and the Balkans, Central Asia, and South Asia. The name refers to a broad variety of recipes, generally a thick paste made from flour, butter, oil, saffron, rosewater, milk, turmeric powder, and sugar.

Falooda
A falooda or faluda (IPA: [faːluːd̪aː]) is a Mughlai cold dessert made with vermicelli. It has origins in the Persian dish faloodeh, variants of which are found across West, Central, South and Southeast Asia. Traditionally it is made by mixing rose syrup, vermicelli, and sweet basil seeds with milk, often served with kulfi. The vermicelli used for preparing falooda is made from wheat, arrowroot, cornstarch, or sago.
Melbourne Renegades
The Melbourne Renegades are an Australian men's professional Twenty20 (T20) franchise cricket team based in Melbourne, Victoria. They compete in the Australian domestic Big Bash League (BBL) competition. As of the 2024–25 season, the team is coached by Cameron White and captained by Will Sutherland. Since the establishment of the BBL in BBL |01, the Renegades have won one title in (BBL |08).

2017–18 Big Bash League season
The 2017–18 Big Bash League season or BBL|07 was the seventh season of the Big Bash League, the professional men's Twenty20 domestic cricket competition in Australia. The tournament started on 19 December 2017 and finished on 4 February 2018. Perth Scorchers were the defending champions. The competition was extended to a total of 40 group games for the first time, each team playing ten matches in the group-stage.

The title was won by Adelaide Strikers who defeated Hobart Hurricanes at the Adelaide Oval by 25 runs.
Jab
A jab is a type of punch used in martial arts. Several variations of the jab exist, but every jab shares these characteristics: while in a fighting stance, the lead fist is thrown straight ahead and the arm is fully extended from the side of the torso. This process also involves a quick turn of the torso. It is an overhand punch; at the moment of impact, the pronated fist is generally held in a horizontal orientation with the palm facing the ground. This is also called a "front punch."

Jabs are usually aimed at the face or function as a feint, to lead to a second punch. Dynamic muscles involved in the jab include deltoids, triceps, pectorals, and the serratus anterior in the extension of the arm, and quadriceps and calves in the body drive.

Orthodox stance
In combat sports such as boxing and mixed martial arts ("MMA"), an orthodox stance is one in which the fighter places their left foot in front, thus placing their left side closer to the opponent. Because it places the right side (the stronger side for most people) in the rear, the orthodox stance can allow for more rotation and distance to accelerate right-sided strikes, in turn generating more power. This makes it the most common stance in boxing, as well as MMA, and primarily used by right-handed fighters.
Radviliškis
Radviliškis (pronunciationⓘ) is a city in the Radviliškis district municipality, Šiauliai County, in north-central Lithuania. Radviliškis has been the administrative center of the district since 1950, and is an important railway junction.

Kuršėnai
Kuršėnai (pronunciationⓘ; Samogitian: Koršienā) is a city in northwestern Lithuania, Šiauliai County, Šiauliai district municipality. It is the twenty-fifth largest city in Lithuania. According to the 2023 estimate, it had 10,651 residents.
Škoda 15 cm K10 gun
The Škoda 15 cm K10 was a naval gun of the Austro-Hungarian Empire that was used by the Austro-Hungarian Navy during World War I. The gun was actually 149.1 mm, but the classification system for artillery rounded up to the next highest centimeter. The 15 cm K10 was called cannon 149/47 by the Italians and was used by the Italian Navy as coastal artillery during World War II.

Škoda 7 cm guns
The Škoda 7 cm guns were a family of naval guns and dual-purpose guns of the Austro-Hungarian Empire that were developed and produced for the Austro-Hungarian Navy in the years before and during World War I. These guns were actually 66 mm, but the classification system for artillery rounded up to the next highest centimeter.  Following the defeat of the Central Powers in World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian empire the ships of the Austro-Hungarian Navy were divided among the victorious allies and some guns continued to be used until World War II.
Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II
The Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II (Italian: [ɡalleˈriːa vitˈtɔːrjo emanuˈɛːle seˈkondo]; Lombard: Galeria Vittori Emanuel) is Italy's oldest active shopping arcade and a major landmark of Milan. Housed within a four-story double arcade in the centre of town, the Galleria is named after Victor Emmanuel II, the first king of the Kingdom of Italy. It was designed in 1861 and built by architect Giuseppe Mengoni between 1865 and 1877.

Brera Academy
The Accademia di Belle Arti di Brera (lit. 'Academy of fine arts of Brera'), also known as the Accademia di Brera or Brera Academy, is a state-run tertiary public academy of fine arts in Milan, Italy.  It shares its history, and its main building, with the Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan's main public museum for art. In 2010 an agreement was signed to move the accademia to a former military barracks, the Caserma Magenta in via Mascheroni. In 2018 it was announced that Caserma Magenta was no longer a viable option, with the former railway yard in Via Farini now under consideration as a potential venue for the campus extension.
ArtCenter College of Design
The ArtCenter College of Design is a private art college in Pasadena, California.

It was incorporated in 1930 as a degree-granting institution of higher learning in the US created specifically for students of both the visual arts and design. It offers Bachelor of Fine Arts, Bachelor of Science, Master of Fine Arts, Master of Arts, Master of Science, Doctor of Arts, and Doctor of Science degrees across multiple majors mostly relating to design.

California College of the Arts
The California College of the Arts (CCA) is a private art school in San Francisco, California. It was founded in Berkeley, California in 1907 and moved to a historic estate in Oakland, California in 1922. In 1996, it opened a second campus in San Francisco; in 2022, the Oakland campus was closed and merged into the San Francisco campus. CCA enrolls approximately 1,239 undergraduates and 380 graduate students. In January 2026, CCA president David Howse announced the college will be closing at the end of the 2026–2027 academic year, with Vanderbilt University taking over the campus.
Central Islip, New York
Central Islip (also known locally by its initials as CI) is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) within the Town of Islip in Suffolk County, New York, United States. The population was 34,450 at the 2010 census.

Hauppauge, New York
Hauppauge (/ˈhɔːpɒɡ/ HAW-pog) is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the towns of Islip and Smithtown in western Suffolk County, New York, on Long Island. The population was 20,803 at the time of the 2020 census.

Despite the official county seat of Suffolk County being Riverhead, situated further east, many of the county's government offices are located in Hauppauge.
2012–13 Persian Gulf Cup
The 2012–13 Persian Gulf Cup (also known as Iran Pro League) was the 30th season of Iran's Football League and 12th as Iran Pro League since its establishment in 2001. Sepahan were the defending champions. The season featured 15 teams from the 2011–12 Persian Gulf Cup and three new teams promoted from the 2011–12 Azadegan League: Paykan as champions, Aluminium Hormozgan and Gahar Zagros. The league started on 19 July 2012 and ended on 10 May 2013. Esteghlal won the Pro League title for the third time in their history (total eighth Iranian title).

2012–13 Hazfi Cup
The 2012–13 Hazfi Cup was the 26th season of the Iranian football knockout competition. Esteghlal was the defending champion, but was eliminated by Sepahan in the semi-final. The competition started on 13 December 2012 and ended on 5 May 2013. Sepahan won the title after defeating Persepolis in final.
Spokane Public Schools
Spokane Public Schools (District No. 81) is a public school district in Spokane County, Washington, and serves the city of Spokane. The district includes oversight and administration of seven high schools, six middle schools, and 34 elementary schools. Specialized programming focuses on alternative learning opportunities for intelligently gifted children, as well as those that experience moderate to severe emotional and/or physical disabilities, are homeless, or experiencing the Spokane Public Schools system through the Foreign Exchange Program.

Lewis and Clark High School
Lewis and Clark High School is a four-year public secondary school in Spokane, Washington, United States. Opened in 1912, it is located at 521 W. Fourth Ave. in the Cliff/Cannon neighborhood of downtown Spokane, bounded by I-90 to the north and MultiCare Deaconess Hospital to the west. It replaced South Central High School, destroyed by fire in 1910, and was named for the two leaders of the Corps of Discovery.
Robert Noyce
Robert Norton Noyce (December 12, 1927 – June 3, 1990), nicknamed "the Mayor of Silicon Valley", was an American physicist and entrepreneur who co-founded Fairchild Semiconductor in 1957 and Intel Corporation in 1968. He was also credited with the realization of the first monolithic integrated circuit or microchip made with silicon, which fueled the personal computer revolution and gave Silicon Valley its name.

Noyce founded The Noyce School of Applied Computing within the College of Engineering at  Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo. In 1987, President Ronald Reagan awarded him the National Medal of Technology, and in 1989, he was inducted into the U.S. Business Hall of Fame, with President George H. W. Bush delivering the keynote. In 1990, he received a Lifetime Achievement Medal alongside Jack Kilby and John Bardeen during the bicentennial celebration of the Patent Act.

Walter Brattain
Walter Houser Brattain (/ˈbrætn/ BRAT-n; February 10, 1902 – October 13, 1987) was an American solid-state physicist who shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics with John Bardeen and William Shockley for their invention of the point-contact transistor. Brattain devoted much of his life to research on surface states.
Glenn County, California
Glenn County is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 28,917. The county seat is Willows. It is located in the Sacramento Valley, in the northern part of the California Central Valley. The reservation of the Grindstone Indian Rancheria of Wintun-Wailaki Indians is located in Glenn County.

San Benito County, California
San Benito County (/ˌsæn bəˈniːtoʊ/ ⓘ; San Benito, Spanish for "St. Benedict"), officially the County of San Benito, is a county located in the Central Coast region of California. Situated in the California Coast Ranges, the county had a population of 64,209, as of the 2020 United States census. The county seat is the city of Hollister.

San Benito County is included in the San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area. El Camino Real passes through the county and includes one mission in San Juan Bautista.
File descriptor
In Unix and Unix-like computer operating systems, a file descriptor (FD, less frequently fildes) is a process-unique identifier (handle) for a file or other input/output resource, such as a pipe or network socket.

File descriptors typically have non-negative integer values, with negative values being reserved to indicate "no value" or error conditions.

File descriptors are a part of the POSIX API.  Each Unix process (except perhaps daemons) should have three standard POSIX file descriptors, corresponding to the three standard streams:

Ioctl
In computing, ioctl (an abbreviation of input/output control) is a system call for device-specific input/output operations and other operations which cannot be expressed by read/write/seek regular file semantics. It takes a parameter specifying a request code; the effect of a call depends completely on the request code. Request codes are often device-specific. For instance, a CD-ROM device driver which can instruct a physical device to eject a disc would provide an ioctl request code to do so. Device-independent request codes are sometimes used to give userspace access to kernel functions which are only used by core system software or still under development.

The ioctl system call first appeared in Version 7 of Unix under that name. It is supported by most Unix and Unix-like systems, including Linux and macOS, though the available request codes differ from system to system. Microsoft Windows provides a similar function, named "DeviceIoControl", in its Win32 API.
Stanton County, Kansas
Stanton County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas.  Its county seat is Johnson City.  As of the 2020 census, the county population was 2,084.  It was named for Edwin Stanton, the U.S. Secretary of War during most of the Civil War.

Haskell County, Kansas
Haskell County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas.  Its county seat and most populous city is Sublette.  As of the 2020 census, the county population was 3,780.  The county was named after Dudley Haskell, a congressman during the 1870s and 1880s.