hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tasmannia
Tasmannia is a genus of about 36 species of flowering plants in the family Winteraceae, and is native to Australia and New Guinea, with one species (Tasmannia piperita) also found in parts of Southeast Asia. Plants in the genus Tasmannia are shrubs or small trees, usually dioecious with simple leaves, mostly white, sometimes yellow flowers, and one to many clusters of berries.

Albert Charles Smith
Albert Charles Smith (April 5, 1906 – May 23, 1999) was an American botanist who served as director of the National Museum of Natural History and Arnold Arboretum and was the former president of the American Society of Plant Taxonomists.
Paramilitary
A paramilitary is a force or unit that functions and is organized in a manner analogous to a military force, but does not have professional or legitimate status.  The Oxford English Dictionary traces the use of the term "paramilitary" as far back as 1934. It has been used by many different Political organizations. Paramilitaries have widely been synonymous with violence, political repression, ethnic cleansing,  genocide and crimes against humanity. Paramilitaries may use combat-capable kit/equipment (such as internal security/SWAT vehicles), or even actual military equipment (such as armored personnel carriers; usually military surplus resources) that are compatible with their purpose, often combining them with skills from other relevant fields such as law enforcement, coast guard, or search and rescue. A paramilitary may fall under the command of a military, train alongside them, or have permission to use their resources, despite not actually being part of them.

Wade Hampton III
Wade Hampton III (March 28, 1818 – April 11, 1902) was an American politician from South Carolina. He was a prominent member of one of the richest families in the antebellum Southern United States, owning thousands of acres of cotton land in South Carolina and Mississippi, as well as thousands of slaves. He became a senior general in the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia during the American Civil War. He also  had a career as a leading Democratic Party politician in state and national affairs.

By 1877, at the end of the Reconstruction era, Hampton was a leader of the Redeemers, white Southerners who successfully fought to restore white supremacy in the state. His campaign for governor was marked by extensive violence by the Red Shirts, a white-supremacist paramilitary group that disrupted elections and suppressed black voters in the state. Hampton was elected governor, serving from 1876 to 1879. After that, he served two terms as U.S. Senator from 1879 to 1891.
Deputy lieutenant
In the United Kingdom, a deputy lieutenant is a Crown appointment and one of several deputies to the lord-lieutenant of a lieutenancy area – an English ceremonial county, Welsh preserved county, Scottish lieutenancy area, or Northern Irish county borough or county. Before the creation of the Irish Free State, all Irish counties had deputy lieutenants.

In formal style, the postnominal letters DL may be added after a deputy lieutenant's surname and other postnominals – e.g., "John Brown, CBE, DL". The position of Deputy Lieutenant is honorary and receives no remuneration.

Lord Lieutenant of Devon
The Office of the Lord Lieutenant was created during the reign of Henry VIII (1509–1547), taking over the military duties of the Sheriffs and control of the military forces of the Crown. From 1569 there was provision for the appointment of Deputy Lieutenants, and in 1662 the Lord-Lieutenant was given entire control of the militia. The Regulation of the Forces Act 1871 transferred this function back to the Crown, and in 1921, the office lost its power to call upon men of the county to fight in case of need. Since 1711 all the Lord Lieutenants have also been Custos Rotulorum of Devon.
Philippine peso
The Philippine peso, also referred to by its Filipino name piso (Philippine English: /ˈpɛsɔː/ PEH-saw, /ˈpiː-/ PEE-, plural pesos; Filipino: piso [ˈpisɔː, ˈpɪsɔː]; sign: ₱; code: PHP), is the official currency of the Philippines. It is subdivided into 100 sentimo, also called centavos.

The peso has the symbol "₱", introduced during American rule in place of the original peso sign "$" used throughout Spanish America. Alternative symbols used are "PHP", "PhP", "Php", or just "P".

The monetary policy of the Philippines is conducted by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), established on January 3, 1949, as its central bank. It produces the country's banknotes and coins at its Security Plant Complex, which is set to move to New Clark City in Capas, Tarlac.

Colombian peso
The Colombian peso (sign: $; code: COP) is the currency of Colombia. Its ISO 4217 code is COP. The official sign is $, with Col$. also being used to distinguish it from other peso- and dollar-denominated currencies.

One peso is divided into one hundred centavos; however, because of high inflation in the 1970s and 1980s, Colombia ceased issuing centavo coins for circulation in 1984. It remains customary to write monetary amounts with centavos, although it is rare in daily lives and general contexts. The 50 peso coins are still legal tender, but due to its low value and circulation, most cash transactions are rounded to the nearest 100 pesos; while electronic transactions and banking statements are still processed to the centavo, centavos have practically no purchasing power.
Netflix
Netflix is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service. The service primarily distributes original and acquired films and television shows from various genres. It is available internationally in multiple languages.

Launched in 2007, nearly a decade after Netflix, Inc. began its pioneering DVD-by-mail movie rental service, Netflix is the most-subscribed video on demand streaming media service, with 325 million paid memberships in more than 190 countries as of 2026. By 2022, "Netflix Original" productions accounted for half of its library in the United States and the namesake company had ventured into other categories, such as video game publishing of mobile games through its flagship service. As of 2025, Netflix is the 18th most-visited website in the world, with 21.18% of its traffic coming from the United States, followed by the United Kingdom at 6.01%, Canada at 4.94%, and Brazil at 4.24%.

Frank Castle (Marvel Cinematic Universe)
Francis David "Frank" Castle Sr. is a fictional character portrayed by Jon Bernthal in a television series set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU)—based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name—commonly known by his alias, the Punisher. Introduced in the second season of the Marvel Television / Netflix series Daredevil (2016), Bernthal signed a deal to return for a spin-off series, The Punisher (2017–2019); his portrayal of the character has been positively received.

Following the cancellation of Marvel's Netflix series, including Daredevil and The Punisher, Bernthal reprised the role in Marvel Studios productions, including the Disney+ series Daredevil: Born Again (2025–present), an untitled Punisher television special as part of the Marvel Studios Special Presentations, and the film Spider-Man: Brand New Day (both 2026).
Great crested grebe
The great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus) is a member of the grebe family of water birds. The bird is characterised by its distinctive appearance, featuring striking black, orange-brown, and white plumage, and elaborate courtship display that involves synchronised dances and displays.

European water vole
The European water vole (Arvicola amphibius) or northern water vole is a semi-aquatic rodent. It is often informally called the water rat, though it only superficially resembles a true rat. Water voles have rounder noses than rats, deep brown fur, chubby faces and short fuzzy ears; unlike rats their tails, paws and ears are covered with hair.

In the wild, on average, water voles only live about five months. Maximum longevity in captivity is two and a half years.
Suffragan bishop
A suffragan bishop is a type of bishop in some Christian denominations.

In the Catholic Church, a suffragan bishop leads a diocese within an ecclesiastical province other than the principal diocese, the metropolitan archdiocese; the diocese led by the suffragan is called a suffragan diocese.

In the Anglican Communion, a suffragan bishop is a bishop who is subordinate to a metropolitan bishop or diocesan bishop (bishop ordinary) and so is not normally jurisdictional in their role. Suffragan bishops may be charged by a metropolitan to oversee a suffragan diocese and may be assigned to areas which do not have a cathedral.

Bishop of Hertford
The Bishop of Hertford is an episcopal title used by a suffragan bishop of the Church of England Diocese of St Albans, in the Province of Canterbury, England. The suffragan See was created by Order in Council of 5 July 1889, but remained dormant until first filled in December 1967. The title takes its name after Hertford, the county town of Hertfordshire. The suffragan Bishop of Hertford, along with the suffragan Bishop of Bedford, assists the diocesan Bishop of St Albans in overseeing the diocese; the bishop has oversight of the archdeaconries of Hertford and St Albans, which cover the deaneries & parishes of Hertfordshire.

The current Bishop of Hertford is The Right Reverend Dr Jane Mainwaring, who took office upon her consecration on 2 February 2023; she is the first woman to hold the office.
Irbesartan
Irbesartan, sold under the brand name Aprovel among others, is a medication used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure), heart failure, and diabetic kidney disease. It is a reasonable initial treatment for high blood pressure. It is taken by mouth. Versions are available as the combination irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide.

Olmesartan
Olmesartan, sold under the brand name Benicar among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). It is taken orally (swallowed by mouth). Versions are available as the combination olmesartan/hydrochlorothiazide and olmesartan/amlodipine. It is available as a prodrug, olmesartan medoxomil.

Common side effects include dizziness, headaches, diarrhea, and back pain. Serious side effects may include kidney problems, low blood pressure, and angioedema. Use in pregnancy may harm the fetus and use when breastfeeding is not recommended. It is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist and works by blocking the effects of angiotensin II.

It was patented in 1991 and came into medical use in 2002. It is available as a generic medication. In 2023, it was the 96th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 7 million prescriptions.
Strathcona County
Strathcona County is a specialized municipality in the Edmonton Metropolitan Region within Alberta, Canada between Edmonton and Elk Island National Park. It forms part of Census Division No. 11.

Strathcona County is both urban and rural in nature. Approximately 73% of its population lives in Sherwood Park, which is an urban service area east of Edmonton, remains an unincorporated hamlet. The balance lives beyond Sherwood Park within a rural service area.

Beaver County, Alberta
Beaver County is a municipal district in central-east Alberta, Canada. It is centred on Holden in the western part of Census Division No. 10. Its municipal office is located in Ryley.

Beaver County was incorporated as a municipal district on July 31, 1999, and the name was changed from "County of Beaver No. 9" to "Beaver County".
Ashmolean Museum
The Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology (/æʃˈmoʊliən, ˌæʃməˈliːən/) on Beaumont Street in Oxford, England, is Britain's first public museum. Its first building was erected in 1678–1683 to house the cabinet of curiosities that Elias Ashmole gave to the University of Oxford in 1677. It is also the world's second university museum, after the establishment of the Kunstmuseum Basel in 1661 by the University of Basel.

The present building was built between 1841 and 1845. The museum reopened in 2009 after a major redevelopment, and in November 2011, new galleries focusing on Egypt and Nubia were unveiled. In May 2016, the museum redisplayed galleries of 19th-century art.

Trinity College, Oxford
Trinity College (full name: The College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity in the University of Oxford, of the foundation of Sir Thomas Pope (Knight)) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. The college was founded in 1555 by Sir Thomas Pope, on land previously occupied by Durham College, home to Benedictine monks from Durham Cathedral.

Despite its large physical size, the college is relatively small in terms of student numbers at approximately 400. It was founded as a men's college and has been coeducational since 1979. As of 2023, the total funds of Trinity amounted to more than £224 million, including a financial endowment of £191 million.

Trinity has produced three British prime ministers, placing it third after Christ Church and Balliol in terms of former students who have held that office.
Nominative case
In grammar, the nominative case (abbreviated NOM), subjective case, straight case, or upright case is one of the grammatical cases of a noun or other part of speech, which generally marks the subject of a verb, or (in Latin and formal variants of English) a predicative nominal or adjective, as opposed to its object, or other verb arguments. Generally, the noun "that is doing something" is in the nominative, and the nominative is often the form listed in dictionaries.

Predicate (grammar)
The term predicate is used in two ways in linguistics and its subfields. The first defines a predicate as everything in a standard declarative sentence except the subject, and the other defines it as only the main content verb or associated predicative expression of a clause. Thus, by the first definition, the predicate of the sentence Frank likes cake is likes cake, while by the second definition, it is only the content verb likes, and Frank and cake are the arguments of this predicate. The conflict between these two definitions can lead to confusion.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (often abbreviated PNAS or PNAS USA) is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal. It is the official journal of the National Academy of Sciences, published since 1915, and publishes original research, scientific reviews, commentaries, and letters. According to Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2024 impact factor of 8.9. PNAS is the second most cited scientific journal, with more than 1.9 million cumulative citations from 2008 to 2018. In the past, PNAS has been described by US local newspapers as "prestigious", "renowned" and "high impact".

PNAS is a delayed open-access journal, with an embargo period of six months that can be bypassed for an author fee (hybrid open access). Since September 2017, open access articles are published under a Creative Commons license. Since January 2019, PNAS has been online-only, although print issues are available on demand.

Nucleic Acids Research
Nucleic Acids Research is an open-access peer-reviewed scientific journal published since 1974 by the Oxford University Press. The journal covers research on nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, and related work. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal's 2021 impact factor is 19.160. The journal publishes two yearly special issues; the first issue of each year is dedicated to biological databases, published in January since 1993, and the other is devoted to papers describing web-based software resources of value to the biological community (web servers), published in July since 2003.
Frauenfeld railway station
Frauenfeld railway station is a railway station in the Swiss canton of Thurgau and municipality of Frauenfeld. The station is located on the Winterthur–Romanshorn railway line, and is the terminus of the narrow-gauge Frauenfeld–Wil railway line.

On the main line, Frauenfeld is an intermediate stop on the InterCity service from Brig to Romanshorn, the InterRegio service from Lucerne to Konstanz, and on Zurich S-Bahn services S24 and S30. Trains of the St. Gallen S-Bahn service S15 on the Frauenfeld–Wil railway line (operated by Appenzell Railways since 2021) departs from the Bahnhofplatz square in front of the station.

Thayngen railway station
Thayngen railway station (German: Bahnhof Thayngen) is a railway station in the Swiss canton of Schaffhausen and municipality of Thayngen. Although the station is in Switzerland, it is located on the Deutsche Bahn's High Rhine Railway that links Basel to Singen.

Thayngen station is served by SBB GmbH/THURBO (until 2022 Deutsche Bahn) regional trains between Schaffhausen and Singen (Hohentwiel) and Zurich S-Bahn line S24 trains Between Zug and Thayngen (via Zurich).
Chinese Taipei men's national ice hockey team
The  Chinese Taipei national ice hockey team  is the national men's  ice hockey  team of the  Republic of China (Taiwan). The team is controlled by the  Chinese Taipei Ice Hockey Federation  and is a member of the  International Ice Hockey Federation  (IIHF). Chinese Taipei currently competes in the  Division II B . As of December 2025, it is ranked 38th in the IIHF World Ranking and 6th in the specialized Asian Ranking.

Bosnia and Herzegovina men's national ice hockey team
The Bosnia and Herzegovina national ice hockey team (Bosnian and Croatian: Hokejaška reprezentacija BiH; Serbian: Хокејашка репрезентација БиХ) is the national men's ice hockey team of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation through the Bosnia and Herzegovina Ice Hockey Federation.
Fraxinus americana
Fraxinus americana, the white ash or American ash, is a fast-growing species of ash tree native to eastern and central North America. The tree is highly valued as lumber.

The white ash population in North America was devastated by the invasive emerald ash borer, which killed hundreds of millions of them as it spread during the 1990s–2010s.  Surviving white ashes are often much younger, with the oldest and tallest white ashes largely becoming dead trees due to the emerald ash borer.

Aesculus flava
Aesculus flava, also known commonly as the common buckeye, the sweet buckeye, and the yellow buckeye, is a species of deciduous tree in the subfamily Hippocastanoideae of the family Sapindaceae. The species is native to the Ohio Valley and Appalachian Mountains of the Eastern United States. It grows in mesophytic forests or floodplains, generally in acidic to circumneutral soil, reaching a height of 20m to 48m (65 ft to 154 ft).
University of Arkansas
The University of Arkansas (U of A, UArk, or UA) is a public land-grant research university in Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States. It is the flagship campus of the University of Arkansas System. Founded as Arkansas Industrial University in 1871, classes were first held in 1872, with its present name adopted in 1899.

The university campus consists of 378 buildings spread across 512 acres (2.07 km2) of land in Fayetteville, Arkansas. As of the fall of 2025, total enrollment was 34,175. The university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" and had spent $164.4 million on research in FY 2021.

The University of Arkansas's athletic teams, the Arkansas Razorbacks, compete in NCAA Division I as members of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) with eight men's teams and eleven women's teams in thirteen sports.

E. Fay Jones
Euine Fay Jones (January 31, 1921 – August 30, 2004) was an American architect and designer. An apprentice of Frank Lloyd Wright during his professional career, Jones is the only one of Wright's disciples to have received the AIA Gold Medal (1990), the highest honor awarded by the American Institute of Architects. He also achieved international prominence as an architectural educator during his 35 years of teaching at the University of Arkansas School of Architecture.

His Thorncrown Chapel was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000, 20 years after it was built, in recognition of its architectural significance. It also has received a Twenty-five Year Award from the American Institute of Architects and other professional recognition.
Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)
In the United Kingdom, a member of Parliament (MP) is an individual elected to serve in the House of Commons, the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Although the House of Lords is also a house of Parliament, its members are not termed "Members of Parliament".

Dudley West
Dudley West was a parliamentary constituency, centred on the town of Dudley in the West Midlands. It existed from 1974 to 1997, returning one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom by the first past the post system.
Steven C. Wheelwright
Steven Charles Wheelwright was the 9th president of Brigham Young University–Hawaii (BYU-Hawaii) from 2007 to 2015. Prior to that appointment, he was a professor and senior associate dean at Harvard Business School.

Harvard Business School
Harvard Business School (HBS) is the graduate business school of Harvard University, a private Ivy League research university. Located in Allston, Massachusetts, HBS owns Harvard Business Publishing, which publishes business books, leadership articles, case studies, and Harvard Business Review, a monthly academic business magazine. It is also home to the Baker Library/Bloomberg Center, the school's primary library. Harvard Business School is one of six Ivy League business schools. HBS is part of the M7 group of business schools recognized as having strong MBA programs, that are often highly-ranked in US MBA rankings.
Los Feliz, Los Angeles
Los Feliz (/loʊs ˈfiːlɪs/; Spanish for "The Féliz (family)", Latin American Spanish pronunciation: [los ˌfeˈlis]) is a hillside neighborhood in the greater Hollywood area of Los Angeles, California, abutting Hollywood and encompassing part of the Santa Monica Mountains. The neighborhood is named after the Feliz family of Californios who had owned the area since 1795, when José Vicente Féliz was granted Rancho Los Feliz.

Little Armenia, Los Angeles
Little Armenia (Armenian: Փոքր Հայաստան, romanized: P’ok’r Hayastan) is a neighborhood in Central Los Angeles, California.  It is named after the Armenians who escaped genocide and made their way to Los Angeles during the early part of the 20th century.

The area is served by the Metro B Line at the Hollywood/Western, Vermont/Sunset and Vermont/Santa Monica stations.
GHC Tag Team Championship
The Global Honored Crown (GHC) Tag Team Championship (Japanese: GHCタッグ王座, Hepburn: GHC Taggu Ōza) is a professional wrestling tag team title in Japanese promotion Pro Wrestling Noah. It was created on October 19, 2001, when Vader and Scorpio defeated Jun Akiyama and Akitoshi Saito in a tournament final. Though it is typically contested among heavyweights (>100 kg (220 lb; 16 st)), some junior heavyweights such as Naomichi Marufuji and Yoshinari Ogawa have held it in the past. It is currently one of two tag team titles in Noah, along with the GHC Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship (reserved for junior heavyweights).

Noah Grand Ship In Nagoya 2023
NOAH Grand Ship In Nagoya 2023 was a professional wrestling event promoted by CyberFight's sub-brand Pro Wrestling Noah. It took place on September 24, 2023, in Nagoya, Japan, at the Nagoya Congress Center. The event aired on CyberAgent's AbemaTV online linear television service and CyberFight's streaming service Wrestle Universe.

Eleven matches were contested at the event, including three on the pre-show, and all five of Noah's championships were on the line. The main event saw Jake Lee defeat Go Shiozaki to retain the GHC Heavyweight Championship. Other top matches included Los Golpeadores (Dragon Bane and Alpha Wolf) defeating Ninja Mack and Alejandro to win the vacant GHC Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship, and Good Looking Guys (Jack Morris and Anthony Greene) defeated Real (Timothy Thatcher and Saxon Huxley) to win the GHC Tag Team Championship.