hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Western Europe
Western Europe is the western region of Europe. The region's extent varies depending on context.
The concept of "the West" appeared in Europe in juxtaposition to "the East" and originally applied to the Western half of the ancient Mediterranean world, the Latin West of the Roman Empire, and "Western Christendom". Beginning with the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery, roughly from the 15th century, the concept of Europe as "the West" slowly became distinguished from and eventually replaced the dominant use of "Christendom" as the preferred endonym within the area. By the Age of Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution, the concepts of "Eastern Europe" and "Western Europe" were more regularly used. The distinctiveness of Western Europe became most apparent during the Cold War; when Europe was divided for 40 years by the Iron Curtain into the Western Bloc and Eastern Bloc, each characterised by distinct political and economical systems.

Hispania
Hispania was the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula. Under the Roman Republic, it was divided into two provinces: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior. During the Roman Empire, under the Principate, Hispania Ulterior was subdivided into Baetica and Lusitania, while Hispania Citerior was reorganized as Hispania Tarraconensis.

Beginning with Diocletian’s Tetrarchy (AD 293), the territory of Tarraconensis was further divided to create the provinces of Carthaginensis and Gallaecia (also called Callaecia, the origin of the name of modern Galicia). All the Hispanic provinces on the mainland, together with the Balearic Islands and the North African province of Mauretania Tingitana, were later organized into the Diocesis Hispaniarum, governed by a vicarius.

The name Hispania was also used in the period of Visigothic rule. The modern place names of Spain and Hispaniola are both derived from Hispania.
Roof lantern
A roof lantern is a daylighting architectural element. Architectural lanterns are part of a larger roof and provide natural light into the space or room below.  In contemporary use it is an architectural skylight structure.

A lantern roof will generally mean just the roof of a lantern structure in the West, but has a special meaning in Indian architecture (mostly Buddhist, and stretching into Central Asia and eastern China), where it means a dome-like roof raised by sets of four straight beams placed above each other, "arranged in diminishing squares", and rotated with each set.  Normally such a "lantern" is enclosed and provides no light at all.

The term roof top lantern is sometimes used to describe the lamps on roofs of taxis in Japan, designed to reflect the cultural heritage of Japanese paper lanterns.

Diocletian window
Diocletian windows, also called thermal windows, are large semicircular windows characteristic of the enormous public baths (thermae) of Ancient Rome. They have been revived on a limited basis by some classical revivalist architects in more modern times.
All India Forward Bloc
The All India Forward Bloc (abbr. AIFB) is a left-wing nationalist political party in India. It emerged as a faction within the Indian National Congress in 1939, led by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, and was strongest in West Bengal. The party re-established as an independent political party after the independence of India. During the 1951–1952 and 1957 Indian general election, the party was known as Forward Bloc. The party's current Secretary-General is G. Devarajan. Veteran Indian politicians Sarat Chandra Bose (brother of Subhas Chandra Bose) and Chitta Basu had been the stalwarts of the party in independent India.

Leveraging Netaji's sway over the populace, the organization had established its electoral footprint after Independence in states like Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, and Assam, with West Bengal as its primary bastion. However, after eight decades, the party, now confined to select regions, lacks any Members of Parliament or Legislative Assembly representatives.

Swatantra Party
The Swatantra Party (lit. 'Free Party'  or 'Independent Party') was an Indian classical liberal political party that existed from 1959 to 1974. It was founded by C. Rajagopalachari in reaction to what he felt was the increasingly socialist and statist outlook of the ruling Indian National Congress government under prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru.

The party had a number of distinguished leaders, most of them old Congress leaders, like C. Rajagopalachari, Minoo Masani, N. G. Ranga, Darshan Singh Pheruman, Udham Singh Nagoke, and K. M. Munshi.

Swatantra stood for a market-based economy and the dismantling of the "Licence Raj" although it opposed laissez-faire policies. Nehru was highly critical of Swatantra and dubbed it as belonging to "the middle ages of lords, castles, and zamindars".
Liloan, Southern Leyte
Liloan, officially the Municipality of Liloan (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Liloan; Tagalog: Bayan ng Liloan), is a municipality in the province of Southern Leyte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 24,800 people.

Liloan's town center is located at the northern part of Panaon Island which is connected to the mainland of Leyte by the Wawa Bridge.

"Liloan" is derived from the local term lilo, meaning "whirlpool". Whirlpools can be seen at Panaon Strait, the narrow waterway between mainland Leyte island and Panaon Island.

San Juan, Southern Leyte
San Juan, officially the Municipality of San Juan (Kabalian: Lungsod san San Juan; Cebuano: Lungsod sa San Juan; Tagalog: Bayan ng San Juan), is a municipality in the province of Southern Leyte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 14,912 people.

The municipality was formerly known as Cabalian (also spelled as Cabali-an) It is spelled as "Caualian" in the first Murillo-Velarde Map of the Philippines published in 1734.

The Kabalian language, a Visayan language distinct from Waray-Waray and Cebuano, is spoken in some communities in San Juan.
Republic of Upper Volta
The Republic of Upper Volta (French: République de Haute-Volta) was a landlocked West African country established on 11 December 1958 as a self-governing state within the French Community. Before becoming autonomous, it had been part of the French Union as the French Upper Volta. On 5 August 1960, it gained full independence from France. On 4 August 1984, it changed its name to Burkina Faso.

Malagasy Republic
The Malagasy Republic (Malagasy: Repoblika Malagasy, French: République malgache) was a state situated in Southeast Africa on the island of Madagascar. It was established in 1958 as an autonomous republic within the newly created French Community, became fully independent in 1960, and existed until the proclamation of the Democratic Republic of Madagascar in 1975.
Nihonmatsu Domain
Nihonmatsu Domain (二本松藩, Nihonmatsu-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in southern Mutsu Province. It was centered on Nihonmatsu Castle in what is now the city of Nihonmatsu, Fukushima, and its territory included all of Nihonmatsu, Motomiya, Ōtama and most of the present-day city of Kōriyama. For most of its history it was ruled by the Niwa clan. The Nihonmatsu Domain was also the scene of a major battle of the Boshin War of the Meiji Restoration.

Jōkamachi
The jōkamachi (城下町, lit. 'castle city') were centres of the domains of the feudal lords in medieval Japan. The jōkamachi represented the new, concentrated military power of the daimyo in which the formerly decentralized defence resources were concentrated around a single, central citadel. These cities did not necessarily form around castles after the Edo period; some are known as jin'yamachi, cities that have evolved around jin'ya or government offices that are not intended to provide military services. Defined broadly, jokamachi includes jin'yamachi. It is also referred to as jōka, as was common before the early modern period.
K. S. Ravikumar
K. S. Ravikumar (born 30 May 1958) is an Indian film director, film producer, screenwriter and actor who primarily works in Tamil cinema and few Telugu films. He is one of the most commercially successful directors of Indian cinema. He has won many awards including one Filmfare Award South and five Tamil Nadu State Film Awards.

Sify
Sify Technologies Limited (formerly Satyam Infoway) is an Indian information and communications technology (ICT) company providing telecom services, data center services, cloud & managed services, transformation integration services, and application integration services. Sify Technologies Limited played a role during the early spread of Internet and e-commerce in India. It has been listed on NASDAQ as SIFY since October 1999. Merrill Lynch was the underwriter for Sify's IPO on the NASDAQ. Sify was founded and led to IPO by R. Ramaraj.
1981–82 Scottish Premier Division
The 1981–82 Scottish Premier Division season was won by Celtic, two points ahead of Aberdeen. The league was won on the final day of the season 
when Celtic defeated St Mirren 3–0 at Celtic Park on 15 May 1982. Partick Thistle and Airdrieonians were relegated.

1987–88 Scottish Premier Division
The 1987–88 Scottish Premier Division season was won by Celtic, ten points ahead of Heart of Midlothian. Due to a league contraction to ten teams Falkirk, Dunfermline Athletic and Morton were relegated.
Sfax
Sfax (/s(ə)ˈfæks/ s(ə-)FAKS; Arabic: صفاقس, romanized: Ṣafāqis, Tunisian Arabic: [ˈsˤfaːqəs] ⓘ) is a major port city in Tunisia, located 270 km (170 mi) southeast of Tunis. The city, founded in AD 849 on the ruins of Taparura, is the capital of the Sfax Governorate (about 955,421 inhabitants in 2014), and a Mediterranean port. Sfax has a population of 341,999 (census 2022). Its main industries include phosphate, olive and nut processing, fishing (it is the largest fishing port in Tunisia) and international trade. The city is the second-most populous in the country after the capital, Tunis.

La Goulette
La Goulette (French pronunciation: [la ɡulɛt], Italian: La Goletta), in Arabic Halq al-Wadi (حلق الوادي Ḥalq el-Wādⓘ), is a municipality and the port of Tunis, Tunisia.

La Goulette is located at around 36°49′5″N 10°18′18″E﻿ / ﻿36.81806°N 10.30500°E﻿ / 36.81806; 10.30500 on a sandbar between Lake Tūnis and the Gulf of Tunis. The port, located 12km east of Tunis, is the point of convergence of Tunisia's major road and rail networks. La Goulette is linked to Tunis by the TGM railway and to Europe by a ferry service.
John Dryden
John Dryden (/ˈdraɪdən/; 19 August [O.S. 9 August] 1631 – 12 May [O.S. 1 May] 1700) was an English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright who in 1668 was appointed England's first Poet Laureate.

He is seen as dominating the literary life of Restoration England to such a point that the period came to be known in literary circles as the Age of Dryden. Romantic writer Sir Walter Scott called him "Glorious John".

Venice Preserv'd
Venice Preserv'd is an English Restoration play written by Thomas Otway, and the most significant tragedy of the English stage in the 1680s. It was first staged in 1682, with Thomas Betterton as Jaffeir and Elizabeth Barry as Belvidera. The play was soon printed and enjoyed many revivals through to the 1830s. In 2019, the Royal Shakespeare Company staged a modern adaptation, Venice Preserved, at the Swan Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon.
Chlorokybus
Chlorokybus is a multicellular (sarcinoid) genus of basal green algae or charophyte. It has been classified as the sole member of the family Chlorokybaceae, which is the sole member of the order Chlorokybales, in turn the sole member of the class Chlorokybophyceae. It grows on soil and rock surfaces, and is rare.

Coleochaetophyceae
Coleochaetophyceae is a class of charophyte algae related to land plants (only Zygnematophyceae is closer). There are about 35 known species, and are predominantly found in freshwater where they live periphytic on the surface of aquatic plants, plastic bags and pebbles in the shallow littoral zone of freshwater lakes. These are small (<200 μm) disc-shaped or filamentous species, and have true multicellular organisation with sexual and asexual reproduction. The discs never develop beyond a two-dimensional organization. Their mitogenome is the most intron rich organelle among the streptophyte algae.

The group contain two orders, Coleochaetales and Chaetosphaeridiales.
1936 Quebec general election
The 1936 Quebec general election was held on August 17, 1936, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Quebec, Canada. The Union Nationale, led by Maurice Duplessis, defeated the incumbent Quebec Liberal Party, led by Adélard Godbout.

This marked the end of slightly more than 39 consecutive years in power for the Liberals, who had governed Quebec since the 1897 election.

This 1936 election had been called less than one year after the 1935 election after Liberal premier Louis-Alexandre Taschereau resigned because of a scandal. He was replaced by Godbout as Liberal leader and premier.

This was Duplessis's first term in office. After losing the subsequent 1939 election, he later won four more general elections in a row, and became the dominant politician of his time. It was also the Union Nationale's first election, having been formed from a merger between the Action libérale nationale and the Quebec Conservative Party.

1923 Quebec general election
The 1923 Quebec general election was held on February 5, 1923, to elect members of the 16th Legislative Assembly of Quebec, Canada. The incumbent Quebec Liberal Party, led by Louis-Alexandre Taschereau, was re-elected, defeating the Quebec Conservative Party, led by Arthur Sauvé.

It was the first of four election victories in a row for Taschereau.  However, he had held office since 1920, following the resignation of the previous premier, Lomer Gouin.
Chord (music)
A chord is the simultaneous sound of two or more musical notes. The most common chord has three notes and is known as a triad. Added tone chords, extended chords, and tone clusters can have more than three notes and are common in contemporary classical music and jazz.

An arpeggio is a chord where notes are sounded separately. A series of chords is sometimes called a chord progression. There are several ways to notate chords including figured bass, Roman numerals, the Nashville Number System, and alphabetical chord notation.

Augmentation (music)
In Western music and music theory, augmentation (from Late Latin augmentare, to increase) is the lengthening of a note or the widening of an interval.

Augmentation is a compositional device where a melody, theme or motif is presented in longer note-values than were previously used. Augmentation is also the term for the proportional lengthening of the value of individual note-shapes in older notation by coloration, by use of a sign of proportion, or by a notational symbol such as the modern dot. A major or perfect interval that is widened by a chromatic semitone is an augmented interval, and the process may be called augmentation.
1973–74 DFB-Pokal
The 1973–74 DFB-Pokal was the 31st season of the annual German football cup competition. It began on 1 December 1973 and ended on 17 August 1974. 32 teams competed in the tournament of five rounds. In the final Eintracht Frankfurt defeated Hamburger SV 3–1 after extra time.

1975–76 DFB-Pokal
The 1975–76 DFB-Pokal was the 33rd season of the annual German football cup competition. It began on 1 August 1975 and ended on 26 June 1976. 128 teams competed in the tournament of seven rounds. In the final Hamburger SV defeated 1. FC Kaiserslautern 2–0.
Victor Talking Machine Company
The Victor Talking Machine Company was an American recording company and phonograph manufacturer, incorporated in 1901. Victor was an independent enterprise until 1929 when it merged with the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) and became the  RCA Victor Division of the Radio Corporation of America.

Established in Camden, New Jersey, Victor was the largest and most prestigious firm of its kind in the world, best known for its use of the iconic "His Master's Voice" trademark, the design,  production and marketing of the popular "Victrola" line of phonographs and the company's extensive catalog of operatic and classical music recordings by world famous artists on the prestigious Red Seal label. After Victor merged with RCA in 1929, the company maintained its eminence as America's foremost producer of records and phonographs until the 1960s.

Fritz Kreisler
Friedrich "Fritz" Kreisler (February 2, 1875 – January 29, 1962) was an Austrian-born American violinist and composer. One of the most noted violin masters of his day, he was known for his sweet tone and expressive phrasing, with marked portamento and rubato. Like many great violinists of his generation, he produced a characteristic sound which was immediately recognizable as his own. Although it derived in many respects from the Franco-Belgian school, his style is nonetheless reminiscent of the gemütlich (cozy) lifestyle of pre-war Vienna.
2025 Monza Formula 2 round
The 2025 Monza Formula 2 round was a motor racing event held between 5 September and 7 September 2025 at the Monza Circuit. It was the eleventh round of the 2025 Formula 2 Championship and was held in support of the 2025 Italian Grand Prix.

2025 Lusail Formula 2 round
The 2025 Lusail FIA Formula 2 round was a motor racing event held between 28 and 30 November 2025 at the Lusail International Circuit, Lusail, Qatar. It was the penultimate race of the 2025 FIA Formula 2 Championship and was held in support of the 2025 Qatar Grand Prix.

Leonardo Fornaroli clinched the Drivers' Championship after finishing second in the feature race, winning back-to-back Formula 3 and Formula 2 titles.
Awadh
Awadh (Hindi: [əˈʋədʱ] ⓘ), known in British Raj historical texts as Avadh or Oudh, is a historical region in northern India, now constituting the central portion of Uttar Pradesh. It is roughly synonymous with the ancient Kosala region of Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain scriptures.

It was a province of all the major Islamic dynasties in India including the Mughal Empire. With the decline of late Mughal Delhi, Awadh became a major source of literary, artistic, religious, and architectural patronage in northern India under the rule of its eleven rulers, called Nawabs. From 1720 to 1856, the nawabs presided over Awadh, with Ayodhya and Faizabad serving as the region's initial capitals. Later, the capital was relocated to Lucknow, which is now the capital of Uttar Pradesh.

The British conquered Awadh in 1856, which infuriated Indians and was recognised as a factor causing the Indian Rebellion (1857-58), the biggest Indian uprising against British rule.

Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh
Jaunpur (Hindustani pronunciation: [dʒɔːnpʊr] ⓘ) is a city and a municipal board in Jaunpur district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is located 228 km southeast of state capital Lucknow. Demographically, Jaunpur resembles the rest of the Purvanchal area in which it is located.
Matão
Matão is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. As of 2020, the town had an estimated population of 83,626 and a population density of 146.3 persons per km2. The total area the city is 524.899 square kilometres (202.665 sq mi). Matão sits at an elevation of 585 metres (1,919 ft). The municipality consists of two districts: Matão and São Lourenço do Turvo.

Araraquara
Araraquara (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐˌɾaɾɐˈkwaɾɐ] or [aˌɾaɾɐˈkwaɾɐ]) is a city in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 250,314 (2022 est.) in an area of 1,004 km2 (388 sq mi). It is also known as "the abode of the sun," because of its impressive sunset and because of its hot weather, especially in summer. The city was founded in 1817.
Samastipur district
Samastipur district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar in India. The district headquarters are located at Samastipur. The district occupies an area of 2904km² and has a population of 4,261,566.

Samastipur was the largest milk producing district of Bihar in 2022.

Saharsa district
Saharsa district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar, India. Saharsa city is the administrative headquarters of this district. Saharsa district is a part of the Kosi Division and it became a district on 1 April 1954 and has subsequently become smaller with other districts being carved from it, most notably Madhepura in 1981.

Saharsa is located in the Mithila region, one of the earliest centers of Brahminical civilization in India. Saharsa is considered as the heart of whole Mithila region. it is the place which gave birth to legends such as like Mandana Misra, Laxminath Gosain, Ubhai Bharti, etc.
Paper mill
A paper mill is a factory devoted to making paper from vegetable fibres such as wood pulp, old rags, and other ingredients. Prior to the invention and adoption of the Fourdrinier machine and other types of paper machine that use an endless belt, all paper in a paper mill was made by hand, one sheet at a time, by specialized laborers.

Hugh J. Chisholm
Hugh Joseph Chisholm I (/ˈtʃɪzəm/ CHIZ-əm; May 2, 1847 – July 1, 1912) was a Canadian industrialist who later became a citizen of the United States. He was born in Chippawa, Canada West, to parents of Scottish ancestry. His early years as an entrepreneur in the news distribution business provided a foundation for his later accomplishments in the pulp and paper industry. His founding and leadership of pulp and paper, fibre-ware, and light and power companies as well as banks and railways made him a dominant figure in Maine industry. His legacy went beyond his reputation as a capitalist, however; he created the first forest management program for International Paper Company and developed a planned community for the workers in his mills which was a model for the nation.
1993 World Cup of Golf
The 1993 World Cup of Golf took place November 11–14 at the Lake Nona Golf & Country Club in Orlando, Florida, United States. It was the 39th World Cup. The tournament was a 72-hole stroke play team event with each team consisting of two players from a country. The combined score of each team determined the team results. Individuals also competed for the International Trophy. The winners share of the prize money was $300,000 going to the winning pair and $100,000 to the top individual. The United States team of Fred Couples and Davis Love III won (for the second time in a row with the same players in the team) by five strokes over the Zimbabwe team of Mark McNulty and Nick Price. Bernhard Langer of Germany took the International Trophy by three strokes over Couples.

1985 World Cup (men's golf)
The 1985 World Cup took place  at the La Quinta Resort & Club in La Quinta, California, United States. It was the 32nd World Cup event. The tournament was a 72-hole stroke play team event with 31 teams, of which 15 teams were directly qualified through last years tournament. Each team consisted of two players from a country. The combined score of each team determined the team results. The Canada team of Dave Barr and Dan Halldorson won by four strokes over the England team of Howard Clark and Paul Way. The individual competition for The International Trophy, was won by Howard Clark five strokes ahead of Christy O'Connor Jnr, Ireland.