hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lithuanian book smugglers
Lithuanian book smugglers or Lithuanian book carriers (Lithuanian: knygnešiaĩ, singular: knygnešys) smuggled Lithuanian language books printed in the Latin alphabet into Lithuanian-speaking areas of the Russian Empire, defying a ban on such materials in force from 1864 to 1904. In Lithuanian, knygnešys literally means "the one who carries books".  Opposing imperial Russian authorities' efforts to replace the traditional Latin orthography with Cyrillic, and transporting printed matter from as far away as the United States to do so, the book smugglers became a symbol of Lithuanians' resistance to Russification.

Jonas Jablonskis
Jonas Jablonskis (Lithuanian pronunciation: [joːnɐs jɐbˈɫɔnskɪs]; 30 December 1860, in Kubilėliai, Šakiai district – 23 February 1930, in Kaunas) was a distinguished Lithuanian linguist and one of the founders of the standard Lithuanian language. He used the pseudonym Rygiškių Jonas, taken from the small town named Rygiškiai where he spent his childhood.
Professional wrestling match types
Many types of wrestling matches, sometimes called "gimmick matches" in the jargon of the business, are performed in professional wrestling. Some gimmick matches are more common than others and are often used to advance or conclude a storyline. Throughout professional wrestling's decades-long history, some gimmick matches have spawned many variations of the core concept.

Guerra de Titanes (2008)
Guerra de Titanes (2008) ("War of the Titans") was the twelfth annual Guerra de Titanes professional wrestling show promoted by AAA. The show took place on December 6, 2008 in Orizaba, Mexico, the same venue used for the 2006 and 2007 events. The Main event featured a Ladder match for the vacant AAA Mega Championship between El Mesias and El Zorro and saw Mesias win the match to become a two time champion. In addition to the main event the show featured a Steel Cage Match Lucha de Apuestas where the last man left in the cage would have his hair shaved off. The participants in the cage match were brothers El Brazo and Brazo de Plata as well as Pirata Morgan, Electroshock, Super Fly and El Elegido and saw El Brazo shaved bald as a result of his loss. As is tradition with AAA major events the wrestlers compete inside a hexagonal wrestling ring and not the four sided ring the promotion uses for television events and House shows.
VII Corps (United States)
The VII Corps was a military formation of the United States Army. It was active on four occasions from 1918 to 1992. Activated in 1918 for World War I, it was reactivated for World War II and again during the Cold War. During both World War II and the Cold War it was subordinate to the Seventh Army, or USAREUR and was headquartered at Kelley Barracks in Stuttgart, West Germany, from 1951 until it was redeployed to the US after significant success in the Gulf War in 1991, then inactivated in 1992.

79th Infantry Division (United States)
The 79th Infantry Division (formerly known as the 79th Division) was an infantry formation of the United States Army Reserve in World Wars I and II.

Since 2009, it has been active as the 79th Theater Sustainment Command.
Lyric Opera of Chicago
The Lyric Opera of Chicago is an American opera company based in Chicago, Illinois.  The company was founded in Chicago in 1954, under the name 'Lyric Theatre of Chicago' by Carol Fox, Nicola Rescigno and Lawrence Kelly, with a season that included Maria Callas's American debut in Norma.  Fox re-organized the company in 1956 under its present name.  Lyric is housed in a theater and related spaces in the Civic Opera Building.  These spaces are now owned by Lyric.

Birgit Nilsson
Märta Birgit Nilsson (17 May 1918 – 25 December 2005) was a Swedish dramatic soprano. Although she sang a wide repertoire of operatic and vocal works, Nilsson was best known for her performances in the operas of Richard Wagner and Richard Strauss. Her voice was noted for its overwhelming force, bountiful reserves of power, and the gleaming brilliance and clarity in the upper register.
Northumberland Plate
The Northumberland Plate is a flat handicap horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Newcastle over a distance of 2 miles and 56 yards (3,270 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late June or early July.

Prix du Cadran
The Prix du Cadran is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbreds aged four years or older. It is run at Longchamp over a distance of 4,000 metres (about 21⁄2 miles), and it is scheduled to take place each year in early October.

It is France's most prestigious race for "stayers" – horses which specialise in racing over long distances. It is the French equivalent of the Gold Cup, the leading stayers' race in Great Britain.
Shikoku Railway Company
The Shikoku Railway Company, commonly known as JR Shikoku, is the smallest of the seven constituent companies of the Japan Railways Group (JR Group). It operates 855.2 kilometres (531.4 mi) of intercity and local rail services in the four prefectures on the island of Shikoku in Japan. The company has its headquarters in Takamatsu.

Sakawa, Kōchi
Sakawa (佐川町, Sakawa-chō) is a town located in Takaoka District, Kōchi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 August 2022, the town had an estimated population of 12,306 in 6036 households and a population density of 120 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 100.8 square kilometres (38.9 sq mi).
Glycogenolysis
Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen (n) to glucose-1-phosphate and glycogen (n-1). Glycogen branches are catabolized by the sequential removal of glucose monomers via phosphorolysis, by the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase.

Phosphorylase
In biochemistry, phosphorylases are enzymes that catalyze the addition of a phosphate group from an inorganic phosphate (phosphate+hydrogen) to an acceptor.

A-B + P ⇌ A + P-B

They include allosteric enzymes that catalyze the production of glucose-1-phosphate from a glucan such as glycogen, starch or maltodextrin.

Phosphorylase is also a common name used for glycogen phosphorylase in honor of Earl W. Sutherland Jr., who in the late 1930s discovered it as the first phosphorylase.
Apostle (Latter Day Saints)
In the Latter Day Saint movement, an apostle is a "special witness of the name of Jesus Christ who is sent to teach the principles of salvation to others." In many Latter Day Saint churches, an apostle is a priesthood office of high authority within the church hierarchy. In many churches, apostles may be members of the Quorum of the Twelve and First Presidency of the church. In most Latter Day Saint churches, modern-day apostles are considered to have the same status and authority as the Biblical apostles.

In the Latter Day Saint tradition, apostles and prophets are believed to be the foundation of the church, Jesus Christ himself being the chief cornerstone. The "Articles of Faith", written by Joseph Smith, mentions apostles:

"We believe in the same organization that existed in the Primitive Church, namely, apostles, prophets, pastors, teachers, evangelists, and so forth."

Presiding Bishop (LDS Church)
The presiding bishop of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) is a priesthood calling with church-wide authority. The presiding bishop is the highest leadership position within the church's Aaronic priesthood, although most of the work in this area is delegated to the church's Young Men general presidency. As of mid-November 2025, the church's current Presiding Bishop is W. Christopher Waddell.
Geezer Butler
Terence Michael Joseph "Geezer" Butler (born 17 July 1949) is an English musician, best known as the bassist and primary lyricist of the pioneering heavy metal band Black Sabbath. He has also recorded and performed with Heaven & Hell, GZR, Ozzy Osbourne, and Deadland Ritual.

Vol. 4 (Black Sabbath album)
Vol. 4 is the fourth studio album by the English heavy metal band Black Sabbath, released in September 1972, by Vertigo Records. It was the first album by Black Sabbath not produced by Rodger Bain; guitarist Tony Iommi assumed production duties. Patrick Meehan, the band's then-manager, was listed as co-producer, though his actual involvement in the album's production was minimal.
Hornsby, New South Wales
Hornsby is a suburb on the Upper North Shore of Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia, approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) north-west of the Sydney central business district. It is the administrative centre of the local government area of Hornsby Shire.

Asquith, New South Wales
Asquith is a suburb in Sydney's Northern Suburbs in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Asquith is located 26 km north-west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of Hornsby Shire. The suburb contains a section of Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park on its eastern side.
Presentation Brothers College, Cork
Presentation Brothers College (PBC Cork) (Irish: Coláiste na Toirbhirte; colloquially known as Pres) is a Catholic, boys, private fee-paying secondary school in Cork, Ireland. As of 2020, Presentation Brothers College was ranked as the top boys secondary school in Ireland and regularly places first in the annual top performing schools table rankings conducted by The Irish Times. In recent years it has also been ranked as one of the top rugby playing schools in Munster, winning the Rugby school of the year award in 2023 and 2024.

Glenstal Abbey School
Glenstal Abbey School is an all boys independent day and boarding Catholic secondary school, located on the grounds of Glenstal Abbey in Murroe, County Limerick, Ireland.

It is run by monks of the Benedictine order. The school offers seven-day full boarding, five day boarding, as well as day boarding on weekdays. The school is regularly ranked among the top schools in Ireland.
Jonathan Richman
Jonathan Michael Richman (born May 16, 1951) is an American singer, songwriter and guitarist. In 1970, he founded the Modern Lovers, an influential proto-punk band. Since the mid-1970s, Richman has worked either solo or with low-key acoustic and electric backing. He is known for his wide-eyed, unaffected, and childlike outlook, and music that, while rooted in rock and roll, is influenced by music from around the world.

Proto-punk
Proto-punk (or protopunk) is music that foreshadowed the punk rock genre, particularly rock music artists during the 1960s and early-to mid 1970s. A retrospective label, the musicians involved were generally not originally associated with each other and came from a variety of backgrounds and styles; together, they anticipated many of punk's musical and thematic attributes.

The tendency towards aggressive, raw, simplistic rock songs is a trend rooted in the earliest forms of rock and roll. The American garage rock movement of the mid-1960s is a key influence in the development of punk rock. By the late 1960s, Detroit bands the Stooges and MC5 had taken the influence of garage groups to form a distinct prototypical punk sound. In the following years, this sound spread both domestically and internationally,  alongside glam rock and pub rock, into several regional early underground punk scenes in New York, Ohio, Australia and England.
Greg Wood (actor)
Gregory Milburn (born 21 August 1979), better known as "Greg Wood", is a British actor from Manchester, England, known for playing characters in Channel 4 soaps such as Trevor Royle in Hollyoaks and Terry Gibson in Brookside. He also played Rick Neelan in ITV soap Coronation Street. He is the brother of fellow actor Matt Milburn, who has also starred in Hollyoaks and Coronation Street.

Sinead O'Connor (Hollyoaks)
Sinead O'Connor (also Shelby and Roscoe) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, Hollyoaks, played by Stephanie Davis. The character first appeared during the episode broadcast on 1 September 2010. Sinead is a member of the O'Connor family, who were introduced as part of a cast turnover. Producers devised a "Romeo and Juliet" pairing for Sinead and Bart McQueen (Jonny Clarke).

Davis was fired from the show in July 2015 after poor behaviour on-set and Sinead departed during the episode broadcast on 18 September 2015. Davis's reintroduction was announced in May 2018, and the character returned on 23 October that year.  In November 2019, Davis announced that she had decided to take a break from the show, having made her last appearance on 18 September of the same year. Nine months later, Davis announced on 15 June 2020 that she had opted to not return to the show following the break.
Nordstrom
Nordstrom, Inc. (/ˈnɔːrdstrəm/) is an American upmarket department store chain headquartered in Seattle, Washington, and founded by John W. Nordstrom and Carl F. Wallin in 1901. The original store operated exclusively as a shoe store, and a second location opened in 1923. The growing chain began selling clothing in 1963, and became the full-line retailer that presently exists by 1971. The company founded its off-price Nordstrom Rack division in 1973, and grew both full-line and off-price divisions throughout the United States in the following years. The full-line division competes with department stores including Bloomingdale's, Dillard's, Neiman Marcus, and Saks Fifth Avenue, while the off-price division competes with retailers including TJX and Ross Stores. Previous expansions beyond the contiguous United States include Puerto Rico (2015–2020) and Canada (2014–2023).

Moschino
Moschino (Italian pronunciation: [moˈskiːno]) is an Italian luxury fashion house founded in 1983 by Franco Moschino in Milan known for over-the-top, campy designs. The company specializes in ready-to-wear, handbags, and fashion accessories.
Moschino's creative director is Adrian Appiolaza.
Aspatria
Aspatria /əsˈpeɪtriə/ is a town and civil parish in Cumberland, Cumbria, England. The town rests on the north side of the Ellen Valley, overlooking a panoramic view of the countryside, with Skiddaw to the South and the Solway Firth to the North. Its developments are aligned approximately east–west along the A596 Carlisle to Workington road and these extend to approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) in length. It lies about 8 miles (13 km) northeast of Maryport, a similar distance to the Southwest of Wigton, about 9 miles (14 km) north of Cockermouth and 5 miles (8.0 km) from the coast and Allonby. A Roman road leading from "Old Carlisle" to Ellenborough passed through the hamlet.

It is served by Aspatria railway station. Aspatria is located on the fringe of the English Lake District.

The parish church of St Kentigern was rebuilt in 1848. Fragments of masonry and crosses from earlier structures on the same site are preserved there.

Abbeytown
Abbeytown is the main village in the civil parish of Holme Abbey in the Cumberland district of Cumbria, England. The parish was historically called Holme Cultram. The modern names of Abbeytown and Holme Abbey both reference Holmcultram Abbey, which was founded in 1150 and dissolved in 1538; the surviving nave from the abbey now serves as the parish church. The parish of Holme Abbey had a population of 757 at the 2021 census.
State-owned enterprise
A state-owned enterprise (SOE) is a business entity created or owned by a national or local government, either through an executive order or legislation. SOEs aim to generate profit for the government, prevent private sector monopolies, provide goods at lower prices, implement government policies, or serve remote areas where private businesses are scarce. The government typically holds full or majority ownership and oversees operations. SOEs have a distinct legal structure, with financial and developmental goals, like making services more accessible while earning profit (such as a state railway). They can be considered as government-affiliated entities designed to meet socialist objectives.

Sydney Water
Sydney Water, formally the Sydney Water Corporation, is a New South Wales Government–owned statutory corporation that provides potable drinking water, wastewater and some stormwater services to Greater Metropolitan Sydney, the Illawarra and the Blue Mountains regions, in the Australian state of New South Wales.
Dhale Governorate
Dhale (Arabic: الضالع Aḍ-Ḍāliʿ) is one of the Yemeni governorates that was created after the unification of Yemen. The  population of the province accounts for 2% of the total population of the republic. The governorate is divided into 9 districts. The city of Dhale is the administrative centre of the province. Dali is one of the governorates that is known for agriculture, and most of the population works in that industry. The most important agricultural crop is coffee. The province also contains mineral resources, most importantly talc, which is used in the manufacture of paper, paint, cosmetics and pesticides. This governorate is also home to the Damt hot-springs (Ḥamam-Damt), a popular tourist attraction. One of the ancient cities in the region is Juban, a city famous for its castle and the historic Mansuria school, built by the Tahrids. The climate in Dhale governorate is mostly temperate throughout the year.

Hadhramaut Governorate
Hadhramaut Governorate (Arabic: محافظة حضرموت, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Ḥaḍramawt) is a governorate of Yemen. Lying within the large historical region of Hadhramaut, it is the country's largest governorate. The capital of Hadhramaut is the city of Mukalla. Other cities in Hadhramaut include the historical towns of Shibam, Sena, Seiyun, Tarim, and Ash Shihr.

The Socotra Archipelago was transferred from the Aden Governorate to the Hadhramaut Governorate in 2004. It was subsequently separated to create Socotra Governorate in December 2013.
Grand Prince of Kiev
The Grand Prince of Kiev (sometimes also Grand Duke) was the title of the monarch of Kievan Rus', residing in Kiev (modern Kyiv) from the 10th to 13th centuries. In the 13th century, Kiev became an appanage principality, first of the grand prince of Vladimir and the Mongol Golden Horde governors, and was later taken over by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

Rus' chronicles such as the Primary Chronicle are inconsistent in applying the title "grand prince" to various princes of Kievan Rus'. Although most sources consistently attribute it to the prince of Kiev, there is no agreement which princes were also "grand prince", and scholars have thus come up with different lists of grand princes of Kiev.

Prince of Pereyaslavl
The Prince of Pereyaslavl (Ukrainian: Князь Переяславський) was the ruler of the Principality of Pereyaslavl, a lordship based on the city of Pereyaslavl on the Trubizh River, and straddling extensive territory to the east in what are now parts of Ukraine. It was situated on the southern frontier of Kievan Rus' and bordered the steppe.
Dry sump
A dry sump system is a method to manage the lubricating motor oil in four-stroke and large two-stroke reciprocating internal combustion engines. The dry sump system uses two or more oil pumps and a separate oil reservoir, as opposed to a conventional wet sump system, which uses only the main sump (U.S.: oil pan) below the engine and a single pump. A dry sump engine requires a pressure relief valve to regulate negative pressure inside the engine so that internal seals are not inverted.

Dry sump lubrication is common on larger diesel engines such as those used in ships, as well as gasoline engines used in racing cars, aerobatic aircraft, high-performance personal watercraft, and motorcycles. Dry sumps may be chosen for these applications due to increased reliability, oil capacity, reduction of oil starvation under high g-loads, or other technical or performance reasons. Dry sumps may be unsuitable for some applications, usually due to their increased cost, complexity, or bulk.

Engine block
In an internal combustion engine, the engine block is the structure that contains the cylinders and other components. The engine block in an early automotive engine consisted of just the cylinder block, to which a separate crankcase was attached. Modern engine blocks typically have the crankcase integrated with the cylinder block as a single component. Engine blocks often also include elements such as coolant passages and oil galleries.

The term "cylinder block" is often used interchangeably with "engine block". However, technically, the block of a modern engine (i.e., multiple cylinders integrated with another component) would be classified as a monobloc.
London Scottish F.C.
London Scottish Football Club is a rugby union club in England. The club is a member of both the Rugby Football Union and the Scottish Rugby Union. The club is currently playing in the 2nd tier of the English rugby union system, Champ Rugby, and share the Athletic Ground with Richmond.

Cornish Pirates
The Cornish Pirates (Cornish: An Vorladron Gernewek) are a professional rugby union team who play in the Champ Rugby, the second level of the English rugby union pyramid, and are the premier Cornish rugby club. The Cornish Pirates team are the 'First XV' of the Penzance & Newlyn Rugby Football Club, and play and train at their home ground, the Mennaye Field in Penzance.
2024 DFL-Supercup
The 2024 DFL-Supercup was the 15th edition of the German super cup under the name DFL-Supercup, an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal competitions. The match was played on 17 August 2024.

The match featured Bayer Leverkusen, the champions of the 2023–24 Bundesliga and winners of the 2023–24 DFB-Pokal (completing a domestic double), and VfB Stuttgart, the runners-up of the Bundesliga. Though the league champions usually played away, the Deutsche Fußball Liga selected Bayer Leverkusen to host the match at the BayArena in Leverkusen. This was the first DFL-Supercup since 2011 not to feature Bayern Munich.

Bayer Leverkusen won the match 4–3 on penalties, following a 2–2 draw after 90 minutes, for their first DFL-Supercup title.

2024–25 Bundesliga
The 2024–25 Bundesliga was the 62nd season of the Bundesliga, Germany's premier men's football competition. The season began on 23 August 2024 and concluded on 17 May 2025. Bayer Leverkusen were the defending champions.

On 4 May 2025, Bayern Munich were crowned Bundesliga champions for a record 33rd time (34th title overall) with two matches to spare following Bayer Leverkusen's 2–2 draw with SC Freiburg, reclaiming the league title after a third-place finish in the previous season.
Palate
The palate (/ˈpælɪt/) is the roof of the mouth in humans and other mammals. It separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity. A similar structure is found in crocodilians, but in most other tetrapods, the oral and nasal cavities are not truly separated. The palate is divided into two parts, the anterior, bony hard palate and the posterior, fleshy soft palate (or velum).

Hyoid bone
The hyoid bone (/ˈhaɪɔɪd/ HY-oyd), also known as the lingual bone or the tongue-bone, is a horseshoe-shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage.  At rest, it lies between the base of the mandible and the third cervical vertebra.

Unlike other bones, the hyoid is only distantly articulated to other bones by muscles or ligaments. It is the only bone in the human body that is not connected to any other bones. The hyoid is anchored by muscles from the anterior, posterior and inferior directions, and aids in tongue movement and swallowing. The hyoid bone provides attachment to the muscles of the floor of the mouth and the tongue above, the larynx below, and the epiglottis and pharynx behind.

Its name is derived from Greek  hyoeides 'shaped like the letter upsilon (υ)'.