hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tissue culture
Tissue culture is the growth of tissues or cells in an artificial medium separate from the parent organism. This technique is also called micropropagation. This is typically facilitated via use of a liquid, semi-solid, or solid growth medium, such as broth or agar. Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, with the more specific term plant tissue culture being used for plants. The term "tissue culture" was coined by American pathologist Montrose Thomas Burrows.

Plant propagation
Plant propagation is the process by which new plants grow from various sources, including seeds, cuttings, and other plant parts. Plant propagation can refer to both man-made and natural processes.

Propagation typically occurs as a step in the overall cycle of plant growth. For seeds, it happens after ripening and dispersal; for vegetative parts, it happens after detachment or pruning; for asexually-reproducing plants, such as strawberry, it happens as the new plant develops from existing parts.

Countless plants are propagated each day in horticulture and agriculture.

Plant propagation is vital to agriculture and horticulture, not just for human food production but also for forest and fibre crops,  as well as traditional and herbal medicine. It is also important for plant breeding.
Caltha palustris
Caltha palustris, known as marsh-marigold and kingcup, is a small to medium sized perennial herbaceous plant of the buttercup family, native to marshes, fens, ditches and wet woodland in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. It flowers between April and August, dependent on altitude and latitude, but occasional flowers may occur at other times.

Typha latifolia
Typha latifolia is a perennial herbaceous wetland plant in the genus Typha. It is known in English as bulrush (sometimes as common bulrush to distinguish from other species of Typha), and in North America as broadleaf cattail. It is found as a native plant species throughout most of Eurasia and North America, and more locally in Africa and South America. The genome of T. latifolia was published in 2022.
Hull F.C.
Hull Football Club, commonly referred to as Hull or Hull F.C., is a professional rugby league club based in Kingston upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, England. Hull play their home games at the MKM Stadium and compete in Super League, the top tier of British rugby league

Hull have won the League Championship six times and Challenge Cup five times.

The club's traditional home colours are white shirts with black hoops and black shorts. The city of Hull is split in two by the River Hull with Hull F.C. representing the West side and cross city rivals Hull Kingston Rovers representing the East side.

Toronto Wolfpack
Toronto Wolfpack RLFC was a Canadian professional rugby league club based in Toronto, Ontario. The club was the first and only professional rugby league club in North America, and in 2023 competed in the self sponsored TWP Canada Cup, an invitational league for North American teams organised by Toronto Wolfpack.

The club originally competed in the British rugby league system but withdrew in the 2020 Super League season due to "overwhelming financial challenges" caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

The club is the first and only North American team to play in the Rugby Football League system, making it the first transatlantic rugby league team.

As of December 2025, the Wolfpack have not played any organized matches since playing in the TWP Canada Cup in 2023.
Polk County, Tennessee
Polk County is a county located in the southeastern corner of the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 United States census, its population was 17,544. Its county seat is Benton. The county was created on November 28, 1839, from parts of Bradley and McMinn counties, after final removal of most Cherokee from the region that year. The county was named after then-governor (and future president) James K. Polk. Polk County is included in the Cleveland, Tennessee Metropolitan Area Statistical Area, which is also included in the Chattanooga–Cleveland–Dalton, TN–GA–AL Combined Statistical Area.

Marion County, Tennessee
Marion County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 28,837. Its county seat is Jasper. Marion County is part of the Chattanooga metropolitan area. Marion County is in the Central time zone, while Chattanooga proper is in the Eastern time zone.
Kyle Lohse
Kyle Matthew Lohse (/ˈloʊʃ/; born October 4, 1978) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Minnesota Twins, Cincinnati Reds, Philadelphia Phillies, St. Louis Cardinals, Milwaukee Brewers, and Texas Rangers.

As of 2014, he was one of only three active non-Hispanic Native American players in MLB, with the others being Joba Chamberlain of the Cleveland Indians and Jacoby Ellsbury of the New York Yankees.

On June 26, 2015, Lohse became the 14th pitcher to defeat all 30 MLB teams. In 2014 he pitched a complete 9 inning shutout for the Brewers, a feat not duplicated by a Brewer pitcher until Adrian Houser on September 4, 2021.

Brad Radke
Brad William Radke (born October 27, 1972) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played his entire 12-season career with the Minnesota Twins of Major League Baseball (MLB). Radke won 148 career games and was one of the most consistent pitchers in the Twins organization during the late 1990s.
The Haunted Mansion
The Haunted Mansion is a horror/thriller themed dark-ride attraction located at Disneyland, Magic Kingdom, and Tokyo Disneyland. The haunted house attraction features a ride-through tour in Omnimover vehicles called "Doom Buggies" and a walk-through show is displayed to the queue line. Each location differs slightly in design, utilizing a range of technology from centuries-old theatrical effects to modern special effects, including Audio-Animatronics.

The ride was in development for over a decade after the park opened and was one of the last projects made under Walt Disney's direction. The Haunted Mansion inspired two loosely similar but distinct attractions, Phantom Manor and Mystic Manor, at Disneyland Park Paris and Hong Kong Disneyland, respectively. Franchise media includes television specials, merchandise, comic strips, and two feature films; The Haunted Mansion released in 2003, and Haunted Mansion released in 2023.

Matterhorn Bobsleds
Matterhorn Bobsleds is an attraction that consists of a pair of intertwined steel roller coasters running through a fabricated mountain. It is located at Disneyland in Anaheim, California and is modeled after the Matterhorn, a mountain in the Alps on the border between Switzerland and Italy. It is the first known tubular steel track roller coaster. Located on the border between Tomorrowland and Fantasyland, it employs forced perspective to seem larger than its actual size.
Simferopol
Simferopol (/ˌsɪmfəˈroʊpəl/ SIM-fər-OH-pəl), also known as Aqmescit, is the second-largest city on the Crimean Peninsula. The city, along with the rest of Crimea, is internationally recognized as part of Ukraine, but controlled by Russia. It is considered the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.

Since 2014 it has been under the de facto control of Russia, which annexed Crimea that year and regards Simferopol as the capital of the Republic of Crimea.

Simferopol is an important political, economic and transport hub of the peninsula, and serves as the administrative centre of both Simferopol Municipality and the surrounding Simferopol District. Its population was 332,317 (2014 Census).

After the 1784 annexation of the Crimean Khanate by the Russian Empire, the Russian empress decreed the foundation of a city named Simferopol on the location of the Crimean Tatar town of Aqmescit ("White Mosque").

Otto Ohlendorf
Otto Ohlendorf (German pronunciation: [ˈɔtoː ˈʔoːləndɔʁf]; 4 February 1907 – 7 June 1951) was a German SS functionary and Holocaust perpetrator during the Nazi era. An economist by education, he was head of the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) Inland, responsible for intelligence and security within Germany. In 1941, Ohlendorf was appointed the commander of Einsatzgruppe D, which perpetrated mass murder in Moldova, south Ukraine, the Crimea and, during 1942, the North Caucasus. He was tried at the Einsatzgruppen Trial, sentenced to death, and executed by hanging in 1951.
2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season
The 2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season began on November 4, 2024. The regular season ended on March 16, 2025, with the 2025 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament that began with the First Four on March 18 and ended with the championship game at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, on April 7.

2024–25 UAB Blazers men's basketball team
The 2024–25 UAB Blazers men's basketball team represented the University of Alabama at Birmingham during the 2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team, led by fifth-year head coach Andy Kennedy, played their home games at the Bartow Arena in Birmingham, Alabama as second-year members of American Athletic Conference (AAC).
Lucena
Lucena (Tagalog pronunciation: [lʊˈsɛna]), officially known as the City of Lucena (Filipino: Lungsod ng Lucena), is a highly urbanized city situated in the Calabarzon region (Region IV-A) of the Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 280,331 people.

The city is the largest urban center and capital of Quezon Province. The city also serves as a major hub for commerce, healthcare, education, and governance within the region.

Lucena City, although geographically situated within Quezon Province, is politically and administratively independent. This distinction enables it to govern itself without provincial oversight, giving it a unique status within the region.

Atimonan
Atimonan, officially the Municipality of Atimonan (Tagalog: Bayan ng Atimonan),  is a municipality in the province of Quezon, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 65,552 people.
Bert Campaneris
Dagoberto Campaneris Blanco (born March 9, 1942), nicknamed "Bert" or "Campy", is a Cuban American former professional baseball shortstop, who played Major League Baseball (MLB) for four American League (AL) teams, primarily the Kansas City / Oakland Athletics. One of the mainstays of the Athletics' championship teams of 1972 to 1974, he holds the A's franchise records for career games played (1795), hits (1882), and at bats (7180). In 2019, Campaneris was inducted into the Athletics Hall of Fame.

Campaneris led the AL in stolen bases six times between 1965 and 1972 and retired with the seventh-most steals in MLB history (649). Defensively, he led the league in putouts three times; his career totals at shortstop place him among the all-time MLB leaders in games played (5th, 2097) and double plays (7th, 1186), at that position. Campaneris is the second cousin of former MLB player Jose Cardenal, growing up near each other in Matanzas, Cuba.

Rick Monday
Robert James "Rick" Monday Jr. (born November 20, 1945) is an American former professional baseball player who now serves as a broadcaster. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a center fielder from 1966 to 1984, most notably as a member of the Chicago Cubs and the Los Angeles Dodgers with whom he won a World Series championship in 1981.

A two-time All-Star, Monday played 19 seasons for the Kansas City/Oakland Athletics (1966–71), Chicago Cubs (1972–76) and Los Angeles Dodgers (1977–84). He was the first player selected in the inaugural 1965 Major League Baseball draft. He also received attention for a 1976 incident in which he prevented the American flag from being burned on the field at Dodger Stadium. After his playing career, he went on to serve as a Dodgers broadcaster on television and radio.
Guna people
The Guna (also spelled Kuna or Cuna) are an Indigenous people of Panama and Colombia. Guna people live in three politically autonomous comarcas or autonomous reservations in Panama, and in a few small villages in Colombia. There are also communities of Guna people in Panama City, Colón, and other cities. Most Guna live on small islands off the coast of the comarca of Guna Yala known as the San Blas Islands. The other two Guna comarcas in Panama are Guna de Madugandí and Guna de Wargandí. They are Guna-speaking people who once occupied the central region of what is now Panama and the neighboring San Blas Islands and still survive in marginal areas.

In the Guna language, they call themselves Dule or Tule, meaning "people", and the name of the language is Dulegaya, literally "people-mouth". The term was in the language itself spelled Kuna prior to a 2010 orthographic reform, but the Congreso General de la Nación Gunadule since 2010 has promoted the spelling Guna.

Kogi people
The Kogi (/ˈkoʊɡi/ KOH-gee), or Cogui, or Kágaba, meaning "jaguar" in the Kogi language, are an Indigenous group that resides in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountains in northern Colombia. Their culture has continued since the Pre-Columbian era, according to a scholarly position most represented by Gerardo Reichel-Dolmatoff, but which has been criticised for its essentialist elements and the indirect removal of centuries marked by contact and tensions within the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, as well as representing the Kogi as "noble eco-savages".

Politically, the modern-day Kogi (or Kágaba, as they call themselves) could be defined as a living theocratic chiefdom.
Tulare County, California
Tulare County (/tʊˈlɛəri/ ⓘ tuu-LAIR-ee) is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 473,117. The county seat is Visalia. The county is named for Tulare Lake, once the largest freshwater lake west of the Great Lakes. Drained for agricultural development, the site is now in Kings County, which was created in 1893 from the western portion of the formerly larger Tulare County.

Tulare County comprises the Visalia-Porterville, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is located south of Fresno, spanning from the San Joaquin Valley east to the Sierra Nevada.

Sequoia National Park is located in the county, as is part of Kings Canyon National Park, in its northeast corner (shared with Fresno County), and part of Mount Whitney, on its eastern border (shared with Inyo County). As of the 2020 census, the population was 473,117, up from 442,179 at the 2010 census.

California county routes in zone J
There are 45 routes assigned to the "J" zone of the California Route Marker Program, which designates county routes in California. The "J" zone includes county highways in Alameda, Calaveras, Contra Costa, Fresno, Kern, Inyo, Mariposa, Merced, Sacramento, San Benito, San Joaquin, Stanislaus, and Tulare counties.
The Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok
The Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok is an American Western television series that ran for eight seasons from April 15, 1951, through September 24, 1958. The Screen Gems series began in syndication, but ran on CBS from June 5, 1955, through 1958, and, at the same time, on ABC from 1957 through 1958. The Kellogg's cereal company was the show's national sponsor. The series was also exported to Australia during the late 1950s.

Annie Oakley (TV series)
Annie Oakley is an American Western television series that fictionalizes the life of the famous Annie Oakley. (Except for depicting the protagonist as a phenomenal sharpshooter of the period, the program entirely ignores the facts of the historical Oakley's life.) Featuring actress Gail Davis in the title role, the weekly program ran from January 1954 to February 1957 in syndication. A total of 81 black-and-white episodes were produced, with each installment running 25 minutes in length. ABC aired daytime reruns of the series on Saturdays and Sundays from 1959 to 1960 and then again from 1964 to 1965.
Vladimir Zhirinovsky
Vladimir Volfovich Zhirinovsky (Russian: Владимир Вольфович Жириновский, IPA: [vlɐˈdʲimʲɪr ˈvolʲfəvʲɪtɕ ʐɨrʲɪˈnofskʲɪj], né Eidelstein, Russian: Эйдельштейн; 25 April 1946 – 6 April 2022) was a Russian right-wing populist politician who served as the leader of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR) from its creation in 1992 until his death in 2022.

Zhirinovsky served as a deputy chairman of the State Duma from 1993 to 2000 and from 2011 until 2022.  He also worked as a delegate in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from 1996 to 2008. During his lifetime, Zhirinovsky ran in every single Russian presidential election except for the 2004 election.

Zhirinovsky was known for many controversies, as well as staunch advocacy for Russian military action against NATO.

Sergey Mironov
Sergey Mikhailovich Mironov (Russian: Серге́й Миха́йлович Миро́нов; born 14 February 1953) is a Russian politician. He served as Chairman of the Federation Council, the upper house of the Russian parliament, from 2001 to 2011. He leads the faction A Just Russia in the State Duma.
Leningrad Front
The Leningrad Front (Russian: Ленинградский фронт) was a Soviet front (army group) formed during the 1941 German approach on Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) by dividing the Northern Front into the Leningrad Front and Karelian Front on August 27, 1941.

Nevsky Pyatachok
Nevsky Pyatachok (Russian: Не́вский пятачо́к) is the name of the Neva Bridgehead 50 km east south-east of Leningrad and 15 km south of Shlisselburg. It was the site of one of the most critical and costly campaigns during the Siege of Leningrad from September 1941 until May 1943 to reopen land communications with the city during the German siege.

The Russian word pyatachok means a five-kopeck coin, or (by way of a metaphor) a very small area.
Jon Fitch
Jon Fitch (born February 24, 1978) is an American retired mixed martial artist. He has competed in the Welterweight divisions of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), the Professional Fighters League (PFL), and most recently for Bellator MMA. In the UFC, Fitch compiled a record of 14–3–1 and once challenged for the UFC Welterweight Championship. In the PFL, Fitch achieved championship success when he won the WSOF Welterweight Championship, and he also once challenged for the Bellator MMA Welterweight World Championship.

Josh Koscheck
Josh Koscheck (born November 30, 1977) is an American retired mixed martial artist who fought in the Welterweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) and Bellator MMA. Koscheck made his debut with the UFC on the first season of the reality television show The Ultimate Fighter as a middleweight, and had since fought for the company 25 times from 2005–2015, compiling a UFC record of 15–10 and having contended for the UFC Welterweight Championship once.
Visual cortex
The visual cortex of the brain is the area of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information. It is located in the occipital lobe. Sensory input originating from the eyes travels through the lateral geniculate nucleus in the thalamus and then reaches the visual cortex. The area of the visual cortex that receives the sensory input from the lateral geniculate nucleus is the primary visual cortex, also known as visual area 1 (V1), Brodmann area 17, or the striate cortex. The extrastriate areas consist of visual areas 2, 3, 4, and 5 (also known as V2, V3, V4, and V5, or Brodmann area 18 and all Brodmann area 19).

Both hemispheres of the brain include a visual cortex; the visual cortex in the left hemisphere receives signals from the right visual field, and the visual cortex in the right hemisphere receives signals from the left visual field.

Peripheral vision
Peripheral vision or indirect vision is vision as it occurs outside the point of fixation (i.e., away from the center of gaze) or, when viewed at large angles, in (or out of) the "corner of one's eye". The vast majority of the area in the visual field is included in the notion of peripheral vision. "Far peripheral" vision refers to the area at the edges of the visual field, "mid-peripheral" vision refers to medium eccentricities, and "near-peripheral", sometimes referred to as "para-central", vision, exists adjacent to the center of gaze.
Håvard Klemetsen
Håvard Klemetsen (born 5 January 1979) is a Norwegian former Nordic combined skier who has competed since 2002, representing Kautokeino IL. He debuted in the World Cup in 2003. He has four 4 x 5 km team medals at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships with a gold in 2005 and bronze in 2007 and twice in 2011. Klemetsen also finished 20th in the 15 km individual event at the 2005 championships.

Klemetsen finished 20th in the 15 km individual at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. His best individual career finish was second in a 7.5 km sprint event in Park City, Utah in the United States in 2002.

In April 2017, he announced his retirement from sport.

Mikko Kokslien
Mikko Kokslien (born 10 March 1985) is a Norwegian nordic combined skier.

He won a bronze medal in the 4 x 5 km team event at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2009 in Liberec and earned his best individual finish of 13th in the 10 km individual large hill at those same championships.

At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Kokslien finished 32nd in the 10 km individual normal hill and 39th in the individual large hill event.

He was the runner-up in the 2010–11 World Cup season.

His mother is a Finn (from Lahti) and Mikko speaks Finnish fluently. He represents the club Søre Ål IL.
Vicia faba
Vicia faba, commonly known as the broad bean, fava bean, or faba bean, is a species of vetch, a flowering plant in the pea and bean family Fabaceae. It is widely cultivated as a crop for human consumption, and also as a cover crop. Varieties with smaller, harder seeds that are fed to horses or other animals are called field bean, tic bean or tick bean. This legume is commonly consumed in many national and regional cuisines.

Some people have favism, a hemolytic response to the consumption of broad beans, a condition linked to a metabolic disorder known as G6PDD. Otherwise the beans, with the outer seed coat removed, can be eaten raw or cooked. With young seed pods, the outer seed coat can be eaten, and in very young pods, the entire seed pod can be eaten.

Mung bean
The mung bean or green gram (Vigna radiata) is a plant species in the legume family. It is mainly cultivated in East, Southeast, and South Asia and used as an ingredient in both savoury and sweet dishes.
Palatine Zweibrücken
The Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken (German: Herzogtum Pfalz-Zweibrücken; French: Duché de Palatinat-Deux-Ponts or Comté palatin de Deux-Ponts) was a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire with full voting rights to the Reichstag. Its capital was Zweibrücken. The reigning house, a branch of the Wittelsbach dynasty, was also the Royal House of Sweden from 1654 to 1720.

Oberweiler im Tal
Oberweiler im Tal is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein.

In the south at the municipal limit with Eßweiler stands a ruined castle, the Sprengelburg, which was built about 1300.
1. FC Saarbrücken
1. Fußball-Club Saarbrücken (German: 1. Fußball-Club Saarbrücken e. V.) is a German football club based in Saarbrücken, Saarland. The club plays in the 3. Liga, which is the third tier of football in Germany.

Hallescher FC
Hallescher FC, formerly known as Hallescher FC Chemie, is a German association football club based in Halle an der Saale, Saxony-Anhalt. The club currently plays in the Regionalliga, the fourth highest level in the German football league system.

For many years, Halle had been in East Germany's highest league, the DDR-Oberliga, up-until the German reunification. However, like many other teams from the former East, it then suffered the effects of economic and demographic decline in the region in the 1990s and fell down to amateur leagues. Since 2000, Hallescher FC has ended its downward trend and in the 2011–12 season, they finally returned to a professional football league after 20 years of absence. They were relegated to the Regionalliga in 2024.