hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oxbridge
Oxbridge is a portmanteau of the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, the two oldest, wealthiest, and most prestigious universities of the United Kingdom. The term is used to refer to them collectively, in contrast to other British universities, and more broadly to describe characteristics reminiscent of them, often with implications of superior social or intellectual status or elitism.

Blue (university sport)
A blue is an award of sporting colours earned by athletes at some universities and schools for competition at the highest level. The awarding of blues began at Oxford and Cambridge universities in England. They are now awarded at a number of other British universities and at some universities in Australia and New Zealand.
Christoph Probst
Christoph Ananda Probst
(6 November 1919 – 22 February 1943) was a German medical student and member of the anti-Nazi resistance group White Rose (Weiße Rose). Although less publicly known than Hans Scholl and Sophie Scholl, Probst played a key intellectual role in the group’s efforts to oppose the Nazi regime through nonviolent means.

His final contribution—a draft for a new leaflet calling for an end to the war—was discovered upon Hans Scholl’s arrest and led directly to Probst’s own execution. He is remembered for his quiet conviction, moral clarity, and for placing conscience above personal safety, even as a young husband and father of three.

Stadelheim Prison
Stadelheim Prison (German: Justizvollzugsanstalt München), in Munich's Giesing district, is one of the largest prisons in Germany.

Founded in 1894, it was the site of many executions, particularly by guillotine during the Nazi period.
Greater sooty owl
The sooty owl or greater sooty owl (Tyto tenebricosa) is a medium to large owl  found in south-eastern Australia, Montane rainforests of New Guinea and have been seen on Flinders Island in the Bass Strait.  The lesser sooty owl (T. multipunctata), is sometimes considered to be conspecific with this species, in which case they are then together referred to as sooty owls. It is substantially smaller and occurs in the wet tropics region of North Queensland, Australia.

Eastern bristlebird
The eastern bristlebird (Dasyornis brachypterus) is a species of bird in the bristlebird family, Dasyornithidae. It is endemic to Australia. Its natural habitats are temperate forests, temperate shrubland, and temperate grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss.
U.S. Route 27
U.S. Route 27 or U.S. Highway 27 (US 27) is a north–south United States Numbered Highway in the Southern and Midwestern U.S. The southern terminus is at US 1 in Miami, Florida. The northern terminus is at Interstate 69 (I-69) in Fort Wayne, Indiana. From Miami, it goes up the center of Florida, then west to Tallahassee, Florida, and north through such cities and towns as Columbus, Georgia; Rome, Georgia; Chattanooga, Tennessee; Lexington, Kentucky; Cincinnati, Ohio; Oxford, Ohio; Richmond, Indiana; and Fort Wayne, Indiana. It once extended north through Lansing, Michigan, to Cheboygan, Mackinaw City, and, for about three years, even as far as St. Ignace. US 27 was first signed in 1926, replacing what had been the eastern route of the Dixie Highway in many states.

U.S. Route 319
U.S. Route 319 (US 319) is a spur of US 19. It runs for 303 miles (488 km) from US 98 at the foot of the John Gorrie Memorial Bridge across from downtown Apalachicola, Florida to US 1/SR 4 in Wadley, Georgia, through the Panhandle of Florida and the southern portion of Georgia.
Typha angustifolia
Typha angustifolia is a perennial herbaceous plant in the genus Typha, native throughout most of Eurasia and locally in northwest Africa; it also occurs widely in North America, where its native status is disputed. It is an "obligate wetland" species that is found in fresh water or brackish locations. It is known in English as lesser bulrush, and in American as narrowleaf cattail.

Schoenoplectus lacustris
Schoenoplectus lacustris, the common club-rush, is a species of club-rush (genus Schoenoplectus) that grows in fresh water across Europe, much of Asia, and with a disjunct population in southern Africa.
Lahore women's cricket team
The Lahore women's cricket team is the women's representative cricket team for Lahore in domestic cricket in Pakistan. They competed in the National Women's Cricket Championship between 2004–05 and 2017, winning the tournament twice.

Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited women's cricket team
The Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited women's cricket team is a Pakistani women's cricket team, sponsored by the Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited. They competed in the National Women's Cricket Championship, the Women's Cricket Challenge Trophy and the Departmental T20 Women's Championship between 2009–10 and 2018–19. They were the most successful side in all three competitions, winning every tournament they competed in, with 14 titles overall.
The Boat Race 1869
The 26th Boat Race between crews from the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge took place on the River Thames on 17 March 1869.  Oxford won by three lengths in a time of 20 minutes and 4 seconds.  It was their ninth consecutive victory and was, at that point, the fastest time ever recorded in the event.

The Boat Race 1871
The 28th Boat Race between crews from the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge took place on the River Thames on the 1 April 1871. The race, umpired by Joseph William Chitty, was won by Cambridge by one length in a time of 23 minutes 10 seconds for their second consecutive victory.
Club Ciclista de San Sebastián
Club Ciclista de San Sebastián was a cycling club based in San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain. In 1909 the football section won the Copa del Rey. A few months after this victory, the players who had won the tournament founded the club that would later become Real Sociedad.

George McGuinness
George McGuinness (6 October 1887 – 1 July 1916) was an English footballer who played as a forward for Spanish club Real Sociedad. He is most known for his goals at the 1909 Copa del Rey to help Club Ciclista win the title for the first time, netting a then national record of six in a single tournament including a hat-trick against Athletic Club and the opening goal of the final.
Charles Sheeler
Charles Sheeler (July 16, 1883 – May 7, 1965) was an American artist known for his Precisionist paintings, commercial photography, and the 1921 avant-garde film, Manhatta, which he made in collaboration with Paul Strand. Sheeler is recognized as one of the early adopters of modernism in American art.

Charles E. Burchfield
Charles Ephraim Burchfield (April 9, 1893 – January 10, 1967) was an American painter and visionary artist, known for his passionate watercolors of nature scenes and townscapes. The largest collection of Burchfield's paintings, archives and journals are in the collection of the Burchfield Penney Art Center in Buffalo. His paintings are in the collections of more than 109 museums in the USA and have been the subject of exhibitions at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Whitney Museum of American Art, the Hammer Museum, and the Museum of Modern Art, as well as other prominent institutions.
The Boat Race 1900
The 57th Boat Race took place on 31 March 1900.  Held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames.  Cambridge won by twenty lengths in a record-equalling time of 18 minutes 45 seconds, taking the overall record in the event to 32–24 in Oxford's favour.

The Boat Race 1909
The 66th Boat Race took place on 3 April 1909.  Held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames.  Cambridge were reigning champions, having won the previous year's race, while Oxford's heavier crew contained three Olympic gold medallists.  In a race umpired by Frederick I. Pitman, Oxford won by 3+1⁄2 lengths in a time of 19 minutes 50 seconds.  It was their first win in four races and took the overall record to 35–30 in their favour.
Triodia (plant)
Triodia is a large genus of hummock grass endemic to Australia.  The species of this genus are known by the common name spinifex, although they are not a part of the coastal genus Spinifex. Many soft-leaved Triodia species were formerly included in the genus Plectrachne. Triodia is known as tjanpi (grass) in central Australia, and have several traditional uses amongst the Aboriginal Australian peoples of the region.

A multiaccess key (SpiKey) is available as a free application for identifying the Triodia of the Pilbara (28 species and one hybrid).

Zygochloa
Zygochloa is a genus of desert plants in the grass family known only from Australia. The only known species is Zygochloa paradoxa, commonly known as sandhill canegrass. It occurs in extremely arid areas such as the Simpson Desert.
Jim Wells County, Texas
Jim Wells County is a county  in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 38,891. Its county seat is Alice. The county was founded in 1911 and is named for James B. Wells Jr. (1850–1923), for three decades a judge and Democratic Party political boss in South Texas.

Jim Wells County comprises the Alice, Texas micropolitan statistical area, which is included in the Corpus Christi-Kingsville-Alice combined statistical area.

Cameron County, Texas
Cameron County is the southernmost county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 421,017. Its county seat is Brownsville.

The county was founded in 1848 and is named for Captain Ewen Cameron, a soldier during the Texas Revolution and in the ill-fated Mier Expedition. During the later 19th century and through World War II, Fort Brown was a US Army outpost here, stimulating the development of the city of Brownsville.

Cameron County comprises the Brownsville–Harlingen, TX metropolitan statistical area, as well as the Brownsville–Harlingen–Raymondville combined statistical area, which itself is part of the larger Rio Grande Valley region.

The second-largest city in the county is Harlingen.

The county is home to the SpaceX Starbase spaceport, situated in Boca Chica; it is also the residence of Elon Musk.
Subutai
Subutai (c. 1175–1248) was a Mongol general and the primary military strategist of Genghis Khan and Ögedei Khan. He ultimately directed more than 20 campaigns, during which he conquered more territory than any other commander in history as part of the expansion of the Mongol Empire, the largest contiguous empire in human history. He often gained victory by means of sophisticated strategies and routinely coordinated movements of armies that operated hundreds of kilometers apart from each other. Subutai is regarded as one of the greatest military commanders in history, and the single greatest in Mongolian history. He was instrumental in the conquests of Genghis Khan and Ögedei Khan.

Taghachar (d. 1221)
Taghachar (died 1221) was a Mongol military commander, involved in the Mongol campaigns in Central Asia. A son-in-law of Genghis Khan, he most notably took part in the invasion of the Khwarezmian Empire in 1219.
Greater bulldog bat
The greater bulldog bat or fisherman bat (Noctilio leporinus) is a species of fishing bat native to Latin America (Spanish: murciélago pescador; Portuguese: morcego-pescador). The bat uses echolocation to detect water ripples made by the fish upon which it preys, then uses the pouch between its legs to scoop the fish up and its sharp claws to catch and cling to it. It is not to be confused with the lesser bulldog bat, which, though belonging to the same genus, merely catches water insects, such as water striders and water beetles.

It emits echolocation sounds through the mouth like Myotis daubentoni, but the sounds are quite different, containing a long constant frequency part around 55 kHz, which is an unusually high frequency for a bat this large.

Little yellow-shouldered bat
The little yellow-shouldered bat (Sturnira lilium) is a bat species from South and Central America. It is a frugivore and an effective seed disperser.

It roosts alone in tree cavities, on branches, vines, and under palm leaves, usually keeping to the same roosts day to day. There is evidence to suggest hypothermia is a  thermoregulatory strategy to help adjust metabolic levels. Ambient temperature has been noted as a greater influence on mating than food availability. Its wing shape can also be affected by pregnancy in order to make flight more efficient.
Afeni Shakur
Afeni Shakur Davis (born Alice Faye Williams; January 10, 1947 – May 2, 2016) was an American political activist and member of the Black Panther Party. Shakur was the mother of rapper Tupac Shakur and the executor of his estate. She founded the Tupac Amaru Shakur Foundation and was the CEO of Amaru Entertainment, Inc., a record and film production company she founded.

Panther 21
The Panther 21 were a group of New York Black Panther Party (BPP) members who were arrested by the New York City Police Department (NYPD) in a pre-dawn raid on April 2, 1969. The 21 arrested Panthers—at first called the "New York 21" but later referred to as the "Panther 21"—were charged with over 200 counts of conspiracy in what was characterized as a BPP terror campaign against the city of New York, including attacking police stations, murdering police officers, and bombing public buildings.

By the time the trial began in October 1970, the case had been narrowed to 13 defendants and 156 counts of conspiracy. The trial lasted seven months and was at that time the longest and costliest in New York state history. When it concluded in May 1971, after revelations that undercover police agents in the BPP had played key instigator roles, the jury acquitted all 13 defendants of all charges.
Siege of Mafeking
The siege of Mafeking was a 217-day siege battle for the town of Mafeking (now called Mahikeng) in South Africa during the Second Boer War from October 1899 to May 1900. The siege received considerable attention as Lord Edward Cecil, the son of the British prime minister, was in the besieged town, as also was Lady Sarah Wilson, a daughter of the Duke of Marlborough and aunt of Winston Churchill. The siege turned the British commander, Colonel Robert Baden-Powell, into a national hero. The Relief of Mafeking (the lifting of the siege), while of little military significance, was a morale boost for the struggling British.

Battle of Modder River
The Battle of Modder River (Afrikaans: Slag van die Twee Riviere, lit. 'Battle of the Two Rivers', fought near the confluence of the Modder and Riet Rivers) was an engagement in the Boer War, fought at Modder River, on 28 November 1899. A British column under Lord Methuen, that was attempting to relieve the besieged town of Kimberley, forced Boers under General Piet Cronjé to retreat to Magersfontein, but suffered heavy casualties altogether.
Discovery Channel
Discovery Channel, also known as  simply Discovery and previously known as The Discovery Channel, is an American cable channel and the second flagship namesake asset of Warner Bros. Discovery that is best known for airing ongoing reality and educational programming.

Launched on June 17, 1985, it initially broadcast documentary television programming focused primarily on popular science, nature, technology, and history. Since the 2010s, it had become increasingly dominated by programs that focused on conspiracy theories or promoted pseudoscience.

By June 2012, Discovery Channel was the third most widely distributed subscription channel in the United States, behind now-sibling channel TBS and the Weather Channel; it is available in 409 million households globally. As of November 2023, Discovery Channel is available to approximately 71,000,000 pay television households in the United States-down from its peak of 99,000,000 in 2011.

BET
Black Entertainment Television (BET) is an American basic cable channel targeting Black American audiences. It is the flagship channel of the BET Media Group, a subsidiary of Paramount Skydance Corporation's Media Networks division. Launched as a USA Network programming block on January 25, 1980, BET would eventually become a full-fledged channel in September 1982.

As of November 2023, BET is available to approximately 67,000,000 pay television households in the United States-down from its 2011 peak of 92,000,000 households.
Perseus of Macedon
Perseus (Greek: Περσεύς, romanized: Perseús; c. 212 – 166 BC) was king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon from 179 until 168 BC. He is widely regarded as the last king of Macedonia and the last ruler from the Antigonid Dynasty, as his defeat by Rome at the Battle of Pydna during the Third Macedonian War effectively ended Macedonia as an independent political entity.

Antigonus III Doson
Antigonus III Doson (Ancient Greek: Ἀντίγονος Δώσων, 263–221 BC) was king of Antigonid Macedon from 229 BC to 221 BC. Antigonus was a member of the Antigonid dynasty through his paternal line.  During the Cleomenean War, Antigonus revived the Hellenic League of Philip II of Macedon under the name of the "League of Leagues" and managed to incorporate most of the Greek city-states in this League.
Annie Get Your Gun (musical)
Annie Get Your Gun is a 1946 musical with lyrics and music by Irving Berlin and a book by Dorothy Fields and her brother Herbert Fields. The story is a fictionalized version of the life of Annie Oakley (1860–1926), a sharpshooter who starred in Buffalo Bill's Wild West, and her romance with fellow sharpshooter Frank E. Butler (1847–1926).

The 1946 Broadway production was a hit, and the musical had long runs in both New York (1,147 performances) and London, spawning revivals, a 1950 film version and television versions. Songs that became hits include "There's No Business Like Show Business", "Doin' What Comes Natur'lly", "You Can't Get a Man with a Gun", "They Say It's Wonderful", and "Anything You Can Do (I Can Do Better)".

Crazy for You (musical)
Crazy for You is a romantic comedy musical with a book by Ken Ludwig, lyrics by Ira Gershwin, and music by George Gershwin. Billed as "The New Gershwin Musical Comedy", it is largely based on the songwriting team's 1930 musical Girl Crazy, but also incorporates songs from several other productions. It won the 1992 Tony Award (Broadway), the 1993 Olivier Award (London), and the 1994 Dora Award (Toronto) for Best Musical.
Galatasaray S.K. (men's basketball)
Galatasaray S.K. is a professional basketball team based in the city of Istanbul in Turkey. It is a part of the Galatasaray Sports Club. The team competes in the Turkish Basketball Super League and Basketball Champions League. The team has won 18 Turkish championships (5 titles in the Turkish Super League, 11 titles in the former Turkish Basketball Championship and 2 titles in the former Spring Cup). The team furthermore won 3 Turkish Cups, 2 Turkish Super Cups, and 1 EuroCup.

2011–12 Euroleague
The 2011–12 Turkish Airlines Euroleague was the 12th season of the modern era of Euroleague and the second under the title sponsorship of Turkish Airlines. Including the competition's previous incarnation as the FIBA Europe Champions Cup, this was the 55th season of the premier competition for European men's clubs. The Final Four was held at the Sinan Erdem Dome in Istanbul, in 11–13 May 2012. It was won by the Piraeus club Olympiacos (2nd title), who defeated CSKA Moscow in the championship game. It was the 5th final involving a Greek club in the last six seasons, and 4th Greek win in that time.
Bitlis Province
Bitlis Province (Turkish: Bitlis ili; Armenian: Բաղեշի մարզ, romanized: Bagheshi marz; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Bidlîsê) is a province of eastern Turkey, located to the west of Lake Van. It takes its name from the central city, Bitlis. Its area is 8,294 km2, and its population is 353,988 (2022). The province was part of Moxoene of the Kingdom of Armenia. Before the Armenian genocide, the area was part of the Six Armenian Vilayets and considered part of Western Armenia by Armenians. The province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan and has a Kurdish majority. The current Governor of the province is Erol Karaömeroğlu.

Malatya Province
Malatya Province (Turkish: Malatya ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey. Its area is 12,259 km2, and its population is 812,580 (2022). It is part of a larger mountainous area. The capital of the province is the city of Malatya, which has a population of 485,484 (2022).

According to the Encyclopedia of Islam, the province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan.
John Hiatt
John Robert Hiatt (born August 20, 1952) is an American singer-songwriter. He has played a variety of musical styles on his albums, including new wave, blues, and country. Hiatt has been nominated for nine Grammy Awards and has been awarded a variety of other distinctions in the music industry.

Hiatt was working as a songwriter for Tree International, a record label in Nashville, Tennessee, when his song "Sure As I'm Sittin' Here" was covered by Three Dog Night. The song became a Top 40 hit, earning Hiatt a recording contract with Epic Records. Since then he has released 22 studio albums, two compilation albums and one live album.

Patty Griffin
Patricia Jean Griffin (born March 16, 1964) is an American singer, songwriter, and musician. She is a vocalist and plays guitar and piano. She is known for her stripped-down songwriting style in the folk music genre. Her songs have been covered by numerous musicians, including Emmylou Harris, Ellis Paul, Kelly Clarkson, Rory Block, Dave Hause, Sugarland, Bette Midler and The Chicks.

In 2007, Griffin received the Artist of the Year award from the Americana Music Association, and her album Children Running Through won the award for Best Album. She received the Lifetime Achievement Award for Songwriting at the 2023 Americana Music Honors & Awards. In 2011, Griffin's album Downtown Church won the Grammy Award for Best Traditional Gospel Album and her 2019 self-titled album won the Grammy Award for Best Folk Album. She got a 2026 Grammy Awards nomination for her album Crown of Roses in the Best Folk Album category.
Nick Tandy
Nicholas Tandy (born 5 November 1984) is a British racing driver who competes in the IMSA SportsCar Championship as a factory driver for Porsche. Tandy is the only person to have completed the Grand Slam of overall victories in major 24-hour races: winning the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 2015; the Nürburgring 24 Hours in 2018; the Spa 24 Hours in 2020; and the 24 Hours of Daytona in 2025.

Other major career milestones for Tandy include overall victory at the 2015 Petit Le Mans and the 2025 12 Hours of Sebring, which made him the first driver in history to win the "Big Six" endurance races. He also has class victories at the 2013, 2018 and 2020 Petit Le Mans; the 2014 24 Hours of Daytona; and the 2018, 2019 and 2020 12 Hours of Sebring.

Dries Vanthoor
Dries Vanthoor (born 20 April 1998 in Heusden-Zolder) is a racing driver from Belgium who currently competes in the FIA World Endurance Championship and in the IMSA Sportscar Championship with BMW M Team WRT. In his previous role as an Audi factory driver, Vanthoor amassed multiple accolades, winning the 2018 Bathurst 12 Hours and 2019 24 Hours of Nürburgring, as well as taking three consecutive titles in the GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup from 2020 to 2022 alongside Charles Weerts.

He is the younger brother of Laurens Vanthoor, a Porsche factory driver.