hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chow mein
Chow mein (/ˈtʃaʊ ˈmeɪn/ and /ˈtʃaʊ ˈmiːn/, simplified Chinese: 炒面; traditional Chinese: 炒麵; Cantonese Yale: cháaumihn, Pinyin: chǎomiàn) is a dish of Chinese stir-fried noodles with vegetables and sometimes meat or tofu. Over the centuries, variations of chǎomiàn were developed in many regions of China; there are several methods of frying the noodles and a range of toppings can be used. It was introduced in other countries by Chinese immigrants. The dish is popular throughout the Chinese diaspora and appears on the menus of most Chinese restaurants abroad. It is particularly popular in India, Nepal, the UK, and the US.

Samosa
A samosa (/səˈmoʊsə/) (listenⓘ) is a fried Indian pastry with a savoury filling that mostly consists of vegetables like spiced potatoes, onions, and peas, but can include cheese such as paneer, meat or even fish. Its name originates from the Middle Persian word sambosag (سنبوسگ) (meaning 'triangular pastry'). It is made in different shapes, including triangular, cone, or crescent, depending on the region. Samosas are often accompanied by chutney, and have origins in medieval times or earlier. Sweet versions containing traditional Indian flavours or even chocolate are also made. Samosas are popular snacks in South Asia and within the Indian diaspora across the world.
Robert Creeley
Robert White Creeley (May 21, 1926 – March 30, 2005) was an American poet and author of more than 60 books. He is associated with the Black Mountain poets, although his verse aesthetic diverged from that school. Creeley was close with Charles Olson, Robert Duncan, Allen Ginsberg, John Wieners and Ed Dorn.

Creeley served as the Samuel P. Capen Professor of Poetry and the Humanities at State University of New York at Buffalo. In 1991, he joined colleagues Susan Howe, Charles Bernstein, Raymond Federman, Robert Bertholf, and Dennis Tedlock in founding the Poetics Program at Buffalo.

Creeley lived in Waldoboro, Buffalo, and Providence, where he taught at Brown University. He was a recipient of the Lannan Foundation Lifetime Achievement Award.

Jerome Rothenberg
Jerome Rothenberg (December 11, 1931 – April 21, 2024) was an American poet, translator and anthologist, noted for his work in the fields of ethnopoetics and performance poetry. Rothenberg co-founded the method of ethnopoetics with Dennis Tedlock in the late 1960s.
French ship Ville de Paris (1764)
Ville de Paris was a ship of the line of the French Navy. Launched in 1764 mounting 90 guns, she underwent a refit in 1779 which added 14 more guns. One of the don des vaisseaux, Ville de Paris served in the American Revolutionary War as the flagship of Admiral François Joseph Paul de Grasse. Her final battle was the Battle of the Saintes in 1782, where she was captured by the Royal Navy. While the British were transporting her to England, she sank in the 1782 Central Atlantic hurricane.

HMS Centaur (1759)
Centaure was a 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy, launched at Toulon in 1757. She was designed by Joseph-Marie-Blaise Coulomb and named on 25 October 1755, and built under his supervision at Toulon. In French service she carried 74 cannon, comprising: 28 × 36-pounders on the lower deck, 30 × 18-pounders on the upper deck, 10 × 8-pounders on the quarterdeck, 6 × 8-pounders on the forecastle.

The Royal Navy captured Centaure at the Battle of Lagos on 18 August 1759, and commissioned her as the third-rate HMS Centaur.
Eastern meadow vole
The eastern meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus), sometimes called the field mouse or meadow mouse, is a North American vole found in eastern Canada and the United States. Its range extends farther south along the Atlantic coast.

The western meadow vole, Florida salt marsh vole, and beach vole were formerly considered regional variants or subspecies of M. pennsylvanicus, but have all since been designated as distinct species.

The eastern meadow vole is active year-round, usually at night. It also digs burrows, where it stores food for the winter and females give birth to their young. Although these animals tend to live close together, they are aggressive towards one another. This is particularly evident in males during the breeding season. They can cause damage to fruit trees, garden plants, and commercial grain crops.

Pack rat
A pack rat or packrat, also called a woodrat or trade rat, are any species in the North and Central American rodent genus Neotoma. Pack rats have a rat-like appearance, with long tails, large ears, and large, black eyes. Pack rats are noticeably larger than deer mice, harvest mice, and grasshopper mice, and are usually somewhat larger than cotton rats.
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics
The Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA) is an autonomous institution set up by the University Grants Commission of India to promote nucleation and growth of active groups in astronomy and astrophysics in Indian universities. IUCAA is located in the University of Pune campus next to the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, which operates the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. IUCAA has a campus designed by Indian architect Charles Correa.

Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) is a research Institute under the Department of Atomic Energy of the Government of India. It is a public deemed university located at Navy Nagar, Colaba in Mumbai. It also has centres in Bangalore, Pune and Hyderabad. TIFR conducts research primarily in the natural sciences, the biological sciences and theoretical computer science.
Aftab Shaban Mirani
Aftab Shaban Mirani (Urdu: آفتاب شعبان ميرانی) (1940 – 1 November 2025) was a Pakistani politician who was a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from August 2018 until August 2023. Previously, he was a member of the National Assembly from May 2014 to May 2018. He briefly served as Chief Minister of Sindh in 1990.

Minister of Defence (Pakistan)
The Minister of Defence (Urdu: 'وزیرِ دفاع') heads the Ministry of Defence. The minister serves in the cabinet of the Prime Minister and is required to be a member of Parliament.

In the history of the country, the defence portfolio has usually been headed by the head of the government, be that the President or Prime Minister of the country. The first defence minister was Liaquat Ali Khan.
320th Division (Vietnam)
The 320th Division or Đồng Bằng Division (Vietnamese: Sư đoàn Đồng Bằng, Delta Division) is a formation and one of the six original "Steel and Iron Divisions" of the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN). It was established in January 1951.: 149

Battle of Dai Do
16°50′28″N 107°06′40″E﻿ / ﻿16.841°N 107.111°E﻿ / 16.841; 107.111

The Battle of Dai Do (also known as the Battle of Đông Hà) took place from 30 April to 3 May 1968 in Quảng Trị Province during the Vietnam War.
Tom Kite
Thomas Oliver Kite Jr. (born December 9, 1949) is an American professional golfer and golf course architect. He won the U.S. Open in 1992 and spent 175 weeks in the top-10 of the Official World Golf Ranking between 1989 and 1994.

Sammy Rachels
Sammy Tindol Rachels III (born September 23, 1950) is an American professional golfer who has played on the PGA Tour and the Nationwide Tour, but found his greatest level of success on the Champions Tour.
Wiluna, Western Australia
Wiluna is a small town in the Goldfields-Esperance region (since 2021) of Western Australia. It is situated on the edge of the Western Desert at the gateway to the Canning Stock Route and Gunbarrel Highway. It is the service centre of the local area for the local Martu people, the pastoral industry, the Wiluna Gold Mine, and many more people who work on other mines in the area on a "fly-in/fly-out" basis.

Wiluna's climate is hot and dry, with an annual rainfall of 258 mm (10.2 in). Mean maximum temperatures range from 19 °C (66 °F) in July, to 38 °C (100 °F) in January.

The closest service centre is in Meekatharra.

Sandstone, Western Australia
Sandstone is a small town in the Goldfields region of Western Australia 100 kilometres (62 mi) east of Leinster and 661 kilometres (411 mi)  north of the state capital, Perth. At the 2016 census, Sandstone and the surrounding Shire of Sandstone had a population of 89 people, including 19 families. Sandstone is the administrative centre and only town in the Shire of Sandstone local government area.
Georgia State Route 92
State Route 92 (SR 92) is a 97.81-mile-long (157.41 km) state highway in the U.S. state of Georgia. Its southern terminus is an intersection with US 19 Bus./US 41 Bus./SR 16 in Griffin. Its northern terminus is an intersection with SR 9/SR 120/SR 140 in Roswell. The highway connects Griffin to Roswell, via Fayetteville, Fairburn, Douglasville, Hiram, Acworth, and Woodstock. Primarily signed from south to north, SR 92 is a rural highway that travels through three county seats. It can be seen as a western bypass of the city of Atlanta.

U.S. Route 19 in Georgia
U.S. Highway 19 (US 19) is a 349-mile-long (562 km) United States Numbered Highway in the U.S. state of Georgia. It travels from the Florida state line south-southeast of Thomasville through Albany and Atlanta, to the North Carolina state line at a point north of Lake Nottely.
Zurich Open
The Zurich Open was a WTA Tour affiliated professional tennis tournament for women, formerly held every winter in Zürich, Switzerland. It was classified on the WTA Tour as a Tier I tournament from 1993 until 2007. In its final year, 2008, it was downgraded to a Tier II event.

The Open was held at the Hallenstadion, a multifunctional sports arena. It takes 150 specialist workers and 300 tonnes of material to prepare the Hallenstadion into the Zurich Open tennis venue. The event has two tennis courts available for tournament play.

Past champions of the tournament include former world number ones Steffi Graf, Lindsay Davenport, Martina Hingis, Venus Williams,  Justine Henin and Maria Sharapova. Swiss champions included Hingis, Manuela Maleeva-Fragnière (formerly of Bulgaria) and Patty Schnyder.

Kremlin Cup
The Kremlin Cup (Russian: Кубок Кремля, romanized: Kubok Kremlya) is a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts, which has been suspended indefinitely since 2022. It was part of the ATP Tour 250 series of the ATP Tour and was a Premier Tournament on the WTA Tour. It was held annually at the Olympic Stadium in Moscow, Russia from 1990 to 2018. In 2019, the Olympic Stadium underwent a reconstruction lasting two years. The 2019 edition of the tournament was held at the Ice Palace Krylatskoye. In 2021, the Kremlin Cup was played at the Irina Viner-Usmanova Gymnastics Palace and the Luzhniki Palace of Sports.

Until 2007, it was held on a carpet surface. It was then held on RuKortHard surface until 2015. Since 2016 the tournament has been held on TPSurface.

In light of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) and the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) suspended the tournament indefinitely.
Ria
A ria (/ˈriːə/; Galician: ría, feminine noun derived from río, 'river') is a coastal inlet formed by the partial submergence of an unglaciated river valley. It is a drowned river valley that remains open to the sea.

Sanriku Coast
The Sanriku Coast (三陸海岸, sanriku kaigan) is a coastal region on the Pacific Ocean, extending from southern Aomori Prefecture, through Iwate Prefecture and northern Miyagi Prefecture in northeastern Honshū, which is Japan's main island. The name comes from the historical region of Sanriku (lit. "three riku"), referring to the former provinces of Rikuō, Rikuchū and Rikuzen.
Genki Horiguchi
Hiromasa Horiguchi (堀口博正, Horiguchi Hiromasa; born September 15, 1978) is a Japanese professional wrestler, better known by the ring name Genki Horiguchi (堀口元気, Horiguchi Genki). He is currently a full-time wrestler for Dragon Gate. He has also competed in Wrestling Society X and Ring of Honor.

When Horiguchi's hairline began receding, the fans began to chant H-A-G-E (hage (禿) being Japanese for "baldness") at him. He managed to use this to gain a sort of cult popularity, and his catchphrase, "Who has called me hage?", is one of the best known in Japan.

Hiromi Horiguchi, a wrestler currently working for Toryumon Mexico, was thought for some time to be Genki's brother, but the relationship was only a gimmick.

Eita (wrestler)
Eita Kobayashi (小林 瑛太, Kobayashi Eita; born October 27, 1991), known mononymously as Eita, is a Japanese professional wrestler currently signed to Pro Wrestling NOAH. The majority of his career was spent in DragonGate, where he was best known as the former leader of the villainous Real Extreme Diffusion (R・E・D) stable, in which he led the stable for nearly its entire run. As part of his current persona as a narcissist, he is known as Numero Uno (number one in Spanish).

In Dragon Gate, he has been a one-time Open the Dream Gate Champion, a two-time Open the Brave Gate Champion, five-time Open the Twin Gate Champion, two-time Open the Triangle Gate Champion, as well as the 2020 King of Gate winner. Outside of Dragon Gate, Kobayashi has worked matches for their United States–based sister company Dragon Gate USA, and as part of his wrestling training, for Mexican promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG).
Protein kinase A
In cell biology, protein kinase A (PKA) is a family of serine-threonine kinases whose activity is dependent on cellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP). PKA is also known as cAMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.11). PKA has several functions in the cell, including regulation of glycogen, sugar, and lipid metabolism. It should not be confused with 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMP-activated protein kinase).

CAMK
CAMK, also written as CaMK or CCaMK, is an abbreviation for the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase class of enzymes. CAMKs are activated by increases in the concentration of intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+) and calmodulin. When activated, the enzymes transfer phosphates from ATP to defined serine or threonine residues in other proteins, so they are serine/threonine-specific protein kinases. Activated CAMK is involved in the phosphorylation of transcription factors and therefore, in the regulation of expression of responding genes. CAMK also works to regulate the cell life cycle (i.e. programmed cell death), rearrangement of the cell's cytoskeletal network, and mechanisms involved in the learning and memory of an organism.
Brown-eared woolly opossum
The brown-eared woolly opossum (Caluromys lanatus), also known as the western woolly opossum, is an opossum from South America. It was first described by German naturalist Ignaz von Olfers in 1818. The opossum is characterized by a brown to reddish brown coat and similarly colored limbs, yellow to orange underbelly, hairless, brown ears with a hint of pink, and a tail furred on the back for up to half of its length. The brown-eared woolly opossum is nocturnal (active mainly at night), solitary and omnivorous. The IUCN lists it as least concern.

Robinson's mouse opossum
Robinson's mouse opossum (Marmosa robinsoni) is a species of opossum in the family Didelphidae. It is found in Belize, Colombia, Ecuador, Grenada, Honduras, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.

Robinson's mouse opossums move along tree branches and vines with the help of a prehensile tail and may leap between gaps as they search for fruit and insects. The species is named after Wirt Robinson, the collector of the specimen from which it was first described.
List of beauty pageants
A beauty pageant or beauty contest is a competition that has traditionally focused on judging and ranking the physical attributes of contestants. Pageants have now evolved to include other criteria, such as personality, intelligence, talent, character, causes, and charitable involvement, through closed-door interviews with judges, or the conventional question-and-answer round(s) in the finals. The term "beauty pageant" originally refers to the Big Four international beauty pageants.

Pageant titles are divided into Miss, Mrs., Mister, and Teen, as well as international, regional, and national—to clearly identify the differences among these categories. Similar events for male pageants are usually called by other names, some are likely to be bodybuilding competitions.

Miss and Mister Supranational
Miss Supranational is an annual international beauty pageant, started in 2009, and with most contests held in Poland. A parallel male contest, Mister Supranational, was launched in 2016, also in Poland.

The current organizers of Miss and Mister Supranational are World Beauty Association S.A. and Nowa Scena.

The current pageant title holders are Eduarda Braum of Brazil and Swann Lavigne of France,  who were elected on June 27 and June 28, 2025, separately, in Nowy Sącz.
Moolam Thirunal
Sir Sri Moolam Thirunal Rama Varma VI GCSI GCIE FRAS (1857–1924) was Maharajah of the princely state of Travancore between 1885 and 1924, succeeding his uncle Maharajah Visakham Thirunal (1880–1885). Moolam Thirunal is considered as the first in India to implement the concept of public participation in governance through the formation of Travancore Legislative Council.

Travancore royal family
The Travancore royal family was the ruling house of the Kingdom of Travancore. They signed a treaty with the British in 1788, thereby adopting British dominance. Later, in 1805, they revised the treaty, leading to a diminution of royal authority and the loss of political independence for Travancore. They had to give up their ruling rights over the common people in 1949 when Travancore were forced to merge with Independent India and their political pension privileges were abolished in 1971.

The royal family was alternatively known as the Kupaka Swaroopam, Thripappur Swaroopam, Venad Swaroopam, Vanchi Swaroopam etc. It has its seat today at Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala, India. In the 18th century CE, the Travancore royal family adopted some members from the royal family of Kolathunadu based at Kannur, and Parappanad based in present-day Malappuram district.
Clarksville, Tennessee
Clarksville is a city in Montgomery County, Tennessee, United States, its county seat, and only incorporated municipality. The city had a population of 166,722 as of the 2020 census, making it the fifth-most populous city in Tennessee. It is the principal city of the Clarksville metropolitan area, which consists of Montgomery and Stewart counties in Tennessee and Christian and Trigg counties in Kentucky.

The city was founded in 1785 and incorporated in 1807, and named for General George Rogers Clark, frontier fighter and Revolutionary War hero, and brother of William Clark of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.

Clarksville is the home of Austin Peay State University; The Leaf-Chronicle, the oldest newspaper in Tennessee; and neighbor to the Fort Campbell, United States Army post. The site of the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), Fort Campbell is located about 10 miles (16 km) from downtown Clarksville and straddles the Tennessee-Kentucky state line.

Tennessee State Route 13
State Route 13 (SR 13), in the United States, is a south–north route from the Alabama border in Wayne County to the Kentucky border in Montgomery County. The entire route is located in western Middle Tennessee.

For the majority of its length, SR 13 is designated as a primary highway, except between Erin and Cunningham, which is designated as a secondary highway.
Wave interference
In physics, interference is a phenomenon in which two coherent waves are combined by adding their intensities or displacements with due consideration for their phase difference. The resultant wave may have greater amplitude (constructive interference) or lower amplitude (destructive interference) if the two waves are in phase or out of phase, respectively.
Interference effects can be observed with all types of waves, for example, light, radio, acoustic, surface water waves, gravity waves, or matter waves as well as in loudspeakers as electrical waves.

Plane wave
In physics, a plane wave is a special case of a wave or field: a physical quantity whose value, at any given moment, is constant through any plane that is perpendicular to a fixed direction in space.

For any position  in space and any time , the value of such a field can be written as

where  is a unit-length vector, and  is a function that gives the field's value as dependent on only two real parameters: the time , and the scalar-valued displacement  of the point  along the direction . The displacement is constant over each plane perpendicular to .

The values of the field  may be scalars, vectors, or any other physical or mathematical quantity.  They can be complex numbers, as in a complex exponential plane wave.

When the values of  are vectors, the wave is said to be a longitudinal wave if the vectors are always  collinear with the vector , and a transverse wave if they are always orthogonal (perpendicular) to it.
Hoof
The hoof (pl.: hooves or hoofs) is the tip of a toe of an ungulate mammal, which is covered and strengthened with a thick and horny keratin covering.

Hooves are present in some even-toed and odd-toed placental mammals, as well as in some nonmammalians.

Artiodactyls (Ancient Greek: ἄρτιος : ártios "even", and δάκτυλος : dáktulos "toe") are even-toed ungulates, species whose feet have an even number of digits; the ruminants with two digits are the most numerous, e.g. giraffe, deer, bison, cattle, goats, gazelles, pigs, and sheep.

The feet of perissodactyl (Ancient Greek: περισσός : perissós : uneven", and δάκτυλος : dáktulos "toe") mammals have an odd number of toes, e.g. the horse, the rhinoceros, and the tapir.

Although hooves are limb structures primarily found in placental mammals, hadrosaurs such as Edmontosaurus possessed hoofed hindlimbs. The marsupial Chaeropus also had hooves.

Dewclaw
A dewclaw is a digit – vestigial in some animals – on the foot of many mammals, birds, and reptiles (including some extinct orders, like certain theropods). It commonly grows higher on the leg than the rest of the foot, such that in digitigrade or unguligrade species, it does not make contact with the ground when the animal is standing. On dogs and cats, the dewclaws are on the inside of the front legs, similarly to a human's thumb, which shares evolutionary homology.  Although many animals have dewclaws, other similar species do not, such as horses, giraffes and the African wild dog.
Xenophobia
Xenophobia (from Ancient Greek  ξένος (xénos) 'strange, foreign, or alien' and  φόβος (phóbos) 'fear') is the fear or dislike of people who are perceived as being foreign or strange. It is an expression that is based on the perception that a conflict exists between an in-group and an out-group and it may manifest itself in suspicion of one group's activities by members of the other group, a desire to eliminate the presence of the group that is the target of suspicion, and fear of losing a national, ethnic, or racial identity.

Xenophobia in the United States
Xenophobia in the United States is the fear or hatred of any cultural group in the United States that is perceived as being foreign or strange or un-American. It expresses a conflict between an ingroup and an outgroup and may manifest as suspicion by one of the other's activities, and beliefs and goals. It includes a desire to eliminate their presence, and fear of losing national, ethnic, or racial identity and is often closely linked to racism and discrimination.

This has resulted in discriminatory laws, such as the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II, restrictions on immigration policies and other actions including violence.