hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michel Bergeron Trophy
The Michel Bergeron Trophy is awarded annually to the Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League (QMJHL)'s "Offensive Rookie of the Year". From 1969 to 1980, the trophy was awarded to the QMHL's "Overall Rookie of the Year." The Bergeron trophy's counterpart since 1980, the Raymond Lagacé Trophy, is awarded to the "Defensive Rookie of the Year." The QMJHL created the RDS Cup in 1991, as a reunified Rookie of the Year award.

David Desharnais Trophy
The David Desharnais Trophy is awarded annually to the most sportsmanlike player in the Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League since the 1970–71 season. It was originally given as a team trophy awarded to the league's West Division champions for the 1969–70 season, and known as the Frank J. Selke Memorial Trophy in recognition of National Hockey League general manager and Hockey Hall of Fame inductee Frank J. Selke. The award was renamed for David Desharnais prior to the 2024–25 season.
Surrealist techniques
Surrealism in art, poetry, and literature uses numerous techniques and games to provide inspiration. Many of these are said to free imagination by producing a creative process free of conscious control. The importance of the unconscious as a source of inspiration is central to the nature of surrealism.

The Surrealist movement has been a fractious one since its inception.  The value and role of the various techniques has been one of many subjects of disagreement. Some Surrealists consider automatism and games to be sources of inspiration only, while others consider them starting points for finished works. Others consider the items created through automatism to be finished works themselves, needing no further refinement.

Decalcomania
Decalcomania (from French: décalcomanie) is a decorative technique by which engravings and prints may be transferred to pottery or other materials.

A shortened version of the term is used for a mass-produced commodity, art transfer, or product label, known as a "decal".

Decalcomania is adapted from French décalcomanie, equivalent to décalquer, "to transfer a tracing of", plus English -mania. The verb "décalquer" is based on Italian calcare, "to stomp, trample", ultimately from Latin calx, "heel". Decalcomania was first recorded in English in the early 1860s.
Asuncion Island
Asuncion (from Spanish meaning "assumption" in reference to the Spanish explorers belief in the "Assumption" of the Holy Virgin Mary) is an island in the Mariana Islands chain in the Pacific Ocean. The island is uninhabited. Asuncion is situated 101 kilometers (63 mi; 55 nmi) northwest of Agrihan and 37 km (23 mi; 20 nmi) southeast of the Maug Islands. The island is part of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

Sarigan
Sarigan or Sariguan is an uninhabited volcanic island in the Pacific Ocean. It is part of the Northern Mariana Islands, a U.S. territory. Sarigan is located 37 kilometers (20 nmi) northeast of Anatahan island, 67 km (36 nmi) south of Guguan and 150 km (81 nmi) north of Saipan, the largest island in the Northern Marianas. The island has been sparsely populated, but in modern times has been uninhabited due to volcanic activity. It is currently a nature preserve.
Eelam War II
Eelam War II  refers to the second phase of the armed conflict between the Sri Lankan military and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, lasting from June 1990 to 1995. The war erupted after the breakdown of peace talks between the LTTE and the government of President Ranasinghe Premadasa, during which mutual distrust and provocations escalated tensions. It ended with the start of peace talks between the LTTE and the government of President Chandrika Kumaratunga.

1990 massacre of Sri Lankan Police officers
On 11 June 1990, the militant organisation Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) carried out a massacre of unarmed police officers in Sri Lanka's Eastern Province. LTTE members allegedly killed over 600 officers that day. Some accounts estimate the number of officers killed was as high as 774.
Baltimore Bullets (1944–1954)
The Baltimore Bullets were a professional basketball team based in Baltimore. The Bullets competed in the American Basketball League (1944–1947), the Basketball Association of America (1947–1949), and (following the BAA's merger with the National Basketball League) the National Basketball Association (1949–1954). On November 27, 1954, the team folded with a 3–11 record on the season, making the Bullets the last NBA franchise to fold. Out of all defunct NBA teams, the Bullets were members of the association for the longest time and the only defunct team to win a championship.

The Bullets name was revived in 1963, when the former Chicago Zephyrs relocated to Baltimore; even after these Bullets relocated to Washington in 1973, they kept their name for 24 more years until they were renamed the Wizards.

Waterloo Hawks
The Waterloo Hawks were a National Basketball League and National Basketball Association team based in Waterloo, Iowa. The Hawks remain the only sports franchise ever based in Iowa from any of the current Big Four Leagues. They are not affiliated with and have no relation to the fellow NBL turned NBA team known then (1946-1951) as the Tri-Cities Blackhawks, who are presently the Atlanta Hawks.
Dragoman
A dragoman (ترجمان) was an interpreter, translator, and official guide between Turkish-, Arabic-, and Persian-speaking countries and polities of the Middle East and European embassies, consulates, vice-consulates and trading posts. A dragoman had to have a knowledge of Arabic, Persian, Turkish, and European languages.

In the Ottoman Empire, dragomans were mainly members of the Ottoman Greek community, who possessed considerable multilingual skills, because Greek trading communities did substantial business in the markets of the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Indian Ocean. To a lesser extent, other communities with international commercial links, notably the Armenians, were recruited.

Pasha
Pasha (Ottoman Turkish: پاشا; Turkish: paşa; Arabic: باشا, romanized: basha) was a high rank, aristocratic title in the Ottoman political and military system, typically granted to governors, generals, dignitaries, and others  issued by the Sultan carrying the tughra (imperial seal). Pasha, in one of its various ranks, is equivalent to the British title of Lord. Pasha was also one of the highest titles in the 20th-century Kingdom of Egypt and it was also used in Morocco in the 20th century, where it denoted a regional official or governor of a district.
Bill Frisell
William Richard Frisell (born March 18, 1951) is an American jazz guitarist. He first came to prominence at ECM Records in the 1980s, as both a session player and a leader. He went on to work in a variety of contexts, notably as a participant in the Downtown Scene in New York City, where he formed a long working relationship with composer and saxophonist John Zorn. He was also a longtime member of veteran drummer Paul Motian's groups from the early 1980s until Motian's death in 2011. Since the late 1990s, Frisell's output as a bandleader has also integrated prominent elements of folk, country, rock ‘n’ roll and Americana. He has six Grammy nominations and one win.

Paul Bley
Paul Bley, CM (November 10, 1932 – January 3, 2016) was a Canadian jazz pianist known for his contributions to the free jazz movement of the 1960s as well as his innovations and influence on trio playing and his early live performance on the Moog and ARP synthesizers. His music has been described by Ben Ratliff of the New York Times as "deeply original and aesthetically aggressive". Bley's prolific output includes influential recordings from the 1950s through to his solo piano recordings of the 2000s.
Shivneri Fort
Shivneri Fort (known as Killa) (Marathi pronunciation: [ʃiʋneɾiː]) is an ancient military fortification located near Junnar in Pune district in Maharashtra, India. It is the birthplace of Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, the  founder of Maratha Kingdom.

Pratapgad
Pratapgad is a mountain fort located in Satara district, in the Western Indian state of Maharashtra. The fort is situated 24 kilometres from the Mahabaleshwar hill station. The fort is now a tourist destination.

The fort's historical significance is due to the Battle of Pratapgad, which took place here on 10 November 1659, between Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and Bijapur Sultanate general Afzal Khan.
The fort was constructed on a hilltop, about 1,080 meters above sea level, with views of the surrounding landscapes. There are two main entrances to the fort, and the fort's gates are protected by high walls.It is divided into two parts – the lower fort and the upper fort. At present, the lower fort houses the main entrance, while the upper fort contains temples, a modern statue of Shivaji Maharaj, and several buildings.
The fort has several watch towers and bastion for providing strategic military advantages during its time of use.
Querelle
Querelle is a 1982 English-language erotic art film  directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder. The film stars Brad Davis and was adapted from French author Jean Genet's 1947 novel Querelle of Brest. The plot centers on the Belgian sailor Georges Querelle, who is both a thief and murderer. It was Fassbinder's last film, released shortly after his death at the age of 37.

Cross of Iron
Cross of Iron (German: Steiner – Das Eiserne Kreuz, lit. "Steiner – The Iron Cross") is a 1977 war film directed by Sam Peckinpah, featuring James Coburn, Maximilian Schell, James Mason, and David Warner. Set on the Eastern Front in World War II during the Soviets' Caucasus operations against the German Kuban bridgehead on the Taman Peninsula in late 1943, the film focuses on the class conflict between a newly arrived, aristocratic Prussian officer who covets winning the Iron Cross and a cynical, battle-hardened infantry NCO.

An international co-production between British and West German financiers, the film's exteriors were shot on location in Yugoslavia.
John Hind (bishop of Chichester)
John William Hind (born 19 June 1945) is an Anglo-Catholic theologian and Church of England bishop. He served as Bishop in Europe from 1993 to 2001 and Bishop of Chichester from 2001 until he retired in 2012.

Peter Forster (bishop)
Peter Robert Forster (born 16 March 1950) is a British former Anglican bishop. He was Bishop of Chester in the Church of England from 1996 and a Lord Spiritual (member of the House of Lords) from 2001 until his retirement in 2019. He was received into the Roman Catholic Church in 2021.
Sam Rosen (sportscaster)
Sam Rosen (born Samuel Rosenblum, August 12, 1947) is an American retired sportscaster and Hockey Hall of Famer, best known as the former primary play-by-play announcer for the National Hockey League's New York Rangers games on MSG. In 2008, Rosen was inducted into the National Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. In 2016, Rosen was enshrined as the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award winner for outstanding contributions as a broadcaster by the Hockey Hall of Fame. In 2024 Rosen was named the recipient of the Lester Patrick trophy for outstanding service to hockey in the United States. At the time of his retirement in 2025, Rosen was the longest-tenured active broadcaster in the NHL.

Ken Wilson (sportscaster)
Ken Wilson (born October 20, 1947) is an American sportscaster, known primarily for his many years as a play-by-play announcer of National Hockey League and Major League Baseball games.

For twenty seasons Wilson called St. Louis Blues hockey on FoxSports Net Midwest, KPLR-TV, and KMOX radio. His famous catch phrase when calling Blues games was 'Oh Baby!', which he injected during moments of extreme excitement. Wilson called NHL games for 22 seasons, including games for ESPN and SportsChannel America, and spent 24 seasons broadcasting for several Major League Baseball teams.
Battle of Shangshak
The Battle of Shangshak took place in Manipur in the forested and mountainous frontier area between India and Burma, from 20 March to 26 March 1944. The Japanese drove a parachute brigade (fighting as infantry) of the British Indian Army from its positions with heavy casualties, but suffered heavy casualties themselves. The delay imposed on the Japanese by the battle allowed British and Indian reinforcements to reach the vital position at Kohima before the Japanese.

50th Parachute Brigade (India)
The 50th (Independent) Parachute Brigade is an elite airborne forces (special operations capable) brigade sized formation of the Indian Army. Its main force is formed of battalions of the Parachute Regiment. It consists of Parachute Regiment battalions and the President's Bodyguard, supported by units of the Regiment of Artillery, the Corps of Engineers and the Army Medical Corps.
Melbourn
Melbourn (/ˈmɛlbɔːrn/) is a large, clustered village in the far south-west of Cambridgeshire, England. Its traditional high street is bypassed by the A10, intersecting the settlement's other main axis exactly 3 miles (4.8 km) northwest of the traditional focal point of Royston, Hertfordshire, the nearest larger settlement. It has over 4,600 inhabitants and is in the South Cambridgeshire district.

The Prime Meridian passes through the south west corner of the parish of Melbourn.

Bassingbourn cum Kneesworth
Bassingbourn cum Kneesworth is a civil parish in the South Cambridgeshire district of Cambridgeshire, England, 14 miles south-west of Cambridge and just north of Royston, Hertfordshire.  Since the 1960s the parish contains the villages of Bassingbourn and Kneesworth.

The parish is astride the Roman Ermine Street (now the A1198 and formerly the A14), and the two ancient tracks, Icknield Way and Ashwell Street. The Prime Meridian passes just to the east of the parish.
Shinchokusen Wakashū
Shinchokusen Wakashū (新勅撰和歌集; "New Imperial Waka Collection"), abbreviated as Shinchokusenshū, is an imperial anthology of Japanese waka, initially compiled in ~1234 CE at the behest of the Retired Emperor Go-Horikawa. It was compiled by Fujiwara no Teika (who also wrote its Japanese preface). It consists of twenty volumes containing 1,376 poems. Miner and Brower remark that "The collection reflects Teika's late preference for poetry of a relatively plain, simple style." This sentiment accurately reflects its conservative selection, taking 47 poems from Fujiwara no Ietaka, 36 from Fujiwara no Yoshitsune, a full 35 from Fujiwara no Shunzei, along with 30 by Saionji Kintsune and 27 from the priest Jakuren.

Shokugosen Wakashū
The Shokugosen Wakashū (続後撰和歌集) ("Later Collection Continued") was an imperial anthology of Japanese waka poetry. It was finished in 1251 CE, three years after the Retired Emperor Go-Saga first ordered it in 1248. It was compiled by Fujiwara no Tameie, son of Fujiwara no Teika. It consists of twenty volumes containing 1,368 poems. It is characterized by the conservative taste and general competency (but not excellence) of the Nijō faction that would be founded by Tameie's son.
Kennebunk, Maine
Kennebunk /ˈkɛniˌbʌŋk/ is a town in York County, Maine, United States. The population was 11,536 at the 2020 census. Kennebunk is home to several beaches, the Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge, the 1799 Kennebunk Inn, many historic shipbuilders' homes, the Brick Store Museum and the Nature Conservancy Kennebunk Plains (known locally as the Blueberry Plains), with 1,500 acres (6 km2) of nature trails and blueberry fields.

The municipality includes the constituent villages of Kennebunk Village (Town), the Lower Village (Lower Kennebunk), Kennebunk Landing (the Landing), Bartlett Mills, West Kennebunk, Kennebunk Beach, Lords Point, Coopers Corner Crossing, Sea Roads Crossing, Webahennet Grove, and Vinegarhill, Cheshire Commons, Kennebunk Meadows, and various newer neighborhoods. It does not include Kennebunkport, which is a separate town.

Kittery, Maine
Kittery is a town in York County, Maine, United States, and the oldest incorporated town in Maine. Home to the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard on Seavey's Island, Kittery includes Badger's Island, the seaside district of Kittery Point, the village of Kittery, and part of the Isles of Shoals. The southernmost town in the state, it is a tourist destination known for its many outlet stores.

Kittery is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area. The town's population was 10,070 at the 2020 census.
E (mathematical constant)
The number e is a mathematical constant, approximately equal to 2.71828, that is the base of the natural logarithm and exponential function. It is sometimes called Euler's number, after the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler, though this can invite confusion with Euler numbers, or with Euler's constant, a different constant typically denoted . Alternatively, e can be called Napier's constant after John Napier. The Swiss mathematician Jacob Bernoulli discovered the constant while studying compound interest.

The number e is of great importance in mathematics, alongside 0, 1, π, and i. All five appear in one formulation of Euler's identity  and play important and recurring roles across mathematics. e is irrational, meaning that it cannot be represented as a ratio of integers. Moreover, like the constant π, it is transcendental, meaning that it is not a root of any non-zero polynomial with rational coefficients. To 30 decimal places, the value of e is:

Exponential decay
A quantity is subject to exponential decay if it decreases at a rate proportional to its current value.  Symbolically, this process can be expressed by the following differential equation, where N is the quantity and λ (lambda) is a positive rate called the exponential decay constant, disintegration constant, rate constant, or transformation constant:

The solution to this equation (see derivation below) is:

where N(t) is the quantity at time t, N0 = N(0) is the initial quantity, that is, the quantity at time t = 0.
Pasco, Washington
Pasco (/ˈpæskoʊ/ PAS-koh) is a city in and the county seat of Franklin County, Washington, United States. The population was 77,108 at the 2020 census, and estimated at 81,724 in 2024.
Pasco is one of three cities (the others being Kennewick and Richland) that make up Washington state's Tri-Cities region, a mid-sized metropolitan area of approximately 303,622 people.

Vancouver, Washington
Vancouver (/væn.ˈkuː.vər/ ⓘ van-KOO-vər) is a city in Clark County, Washington, United States, located on the north bank of the Columbia River. It had a population of 190,915 at the 2020 census, making it the fourth-most populous city in Washington. Founded in 1825 and incorporated in 1857, the city was originally established around Fort Vancouver, a fur trading outpost, and is situated directly north of Portland, Oregon, along the Washington–Oregon state line. Vancouver serves as the county seat of Clark County and is part of the Portland metropolitan area.
Rohingya language
Rohingya (𐴌𐴗𐴥𐴝𐴙𐴚𐴒𐴙𐴝, رُحَ࣪ڠۡگَ࣪ـࢬ‎, Ruáingga, [ruˈaiŋɡ(j)a]) is an Indo-Aryan language belonging to the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family, spoken primarily by the Rohingya people, who are from Rakhine State of Myanmar. It is an Eastern Indo-Aryan language belonging to the Bengali–Assamese branch, and is closely related to the Chittagonian language spoken in neighbouring Bangladesh. The Rohingya, Chakma and Chittagonian languages have a high degree of mutual intelligibility.

Noakhali language
Noakhali or Noakhalian, endonym Noakhailla (নোয়াখাইল্লা), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by an estimated 7 million Bengalis, primarily in the Greater Noakhali region of Bangladesh, as well as in southern parts of Tripura in India. Outside of these regions, there are substantial numbers of Noakhali speakers in other parts of Bangladesh and a diaspora population in the Middle East, Europe and the United States.

Noakhali has no presence in formal settings, neither in Bangladesh nor India, though its standardisation has been proposed.
Karl Scheurer
Karl Scheurer (27 September 1872 – 14 November 1929) was a Swiss politician.

He was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 11 December 1919 and died in office on 14 November 1929. He was affiliated with the Free Democratic Party of Switzerland.

During his time in office he held the Military Department (department of defence) and was President of the Confederation in 1923.

Ernest Chuard
Ernest Chuard (31 July 1857 – 9 November 1942) was a Swiss politician who was Federal Councillor from 1919 to 1928.

He was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 11 December 1919 and handed over office on 31 December 1928. He was affiliated with the Free Democratic Party.

During his office time he held the Federal Department of Home Affairs and he was President of the Confederation in 1924.
Paul Desmond
Paul Desmond (born Paul Emil Breitenfeld; November 25, 1924 – May 30, 1977) was an American jazz alto saxophonist and composer and proponent of cool jazz. He was a member of the Dave Brubeck Quartet and composed the group's biggest hit, "Take Five". The song remains the best-selling jazz song of all time.

In addition to his work with Brubeck, he led several groups and collaborated with Gerry Mulligan, Chet Baker, Jim Hall, and Ed Bickert. After years of chain smoking and poor health, Desmond succumbed to lung cancer in 1977 after a tour with Brubeck.

Zoot Sims
John Haley "Zoot" Sims (October 29, 1925 – March 23, 1985) was an American jazz saxophonist, playing mainly tenor but also alto (and, later, soprano) saxophone. He first gained attention in the "Four Brothers" sax section of Woody Herman's big band, afterward enjoying a long solo career, often in partnership with fellow saxmen Gerry Mulligan and Al Cohn.
2016–17 Skeleton World Cup
The 2016–17 Skeleton World Cup was a multi-race series over a season for skeleton. The season started on 2 December 2016 in Whistler, Canada and ended on 17 March 2017 in Pyeongchang, South Korea. The World Cup was organised by the IBSF (formerly the FIBT) who also run World Cups and Championships in skeleton. The season was sponsored by BMW.

2017–18 Skeleton World Cup
The 2017–18 Skeleton World Cup was a multi-race series over a season for Skeleton. The season started on 9 November 2017 in Lake Placid, USA, and concluded on 19 January 2018 in Königssee, Germany. The World Cup is organised by the IBSF (formerly the FIBT), who also run World Cups and Championships in bobsleigh. The season was mainly sponsored by BMW.
No. 54 Squadron RAF
Number 54 Squadron (sometimes written as No. LIV Squadron) is a squadron of the Royal Air Force based at RAF Waddington, Lincolnshire. On 1 September 2005, it took on the role of Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) Operational Conversion Unit, and is now the Advanced Air ISTAR Academy, responsible for training all RAF crews assigned to the MQ-9A Reaper, Protector RG1 (MQ-9B), Shadow R1/R2, RC-135W Rivet Joint and Poseidon MRA1. It also controls the RAF ISR Warfare School (ISRWS) who run the Qualified Weapons Instructor Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (QWI ISR) and QWI Reaper Courses.

The squadron was previously a SEPECAT Jaguar strike fighter unit, based at RAF Coltishall, Norfolk, from April 1974 until it was disbanded on 11 March 2005.

No. 65 Squadron RAF
No. 65 Squadron was a flying squadron of the Royal Air Force, which formed in 1916. the squadron saw action in both the First and the Second World Wars, before being reformed as a Bloodhound unit in the 1960s. The squadron then became an Operational Conversion Unit before disbanding in 1992.