hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Seismology
Seismology (/saɪzˈmɒlədʒi, saɪs-/; from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós), meaning 'earthquake', and -λογία (-logía), meaning 'study of') is the scientific study of earthquakes (or generally, quakes) and the generation and propagation of elastic waves through planetary bodies. It also includes studies of the environmental effects of earthquakes such as tsunamis; other seismic sources such as volcanoes, plate tectonics, glaciers, rivers, oceanic microseisms, and the atmosphere; and artificial processes such as explosions.

Paleoseismology is a related field that uses geology to infer information regarding past earthquakes. A recording of Earth's motion as a function of time, created by a seismograph is called a seismogram. A seismologist is a scientist who works in basic or applied seismology.

Internal structure of Earth
The internal structure of Earth is the spatial variation of chemical and physical properties in the solid earth. The primary structure is a series of layers: an outer silicate crust, a mechanically weak asthenosphere, a solid mantle, a liquid outer core whose flow generates the Earth's magnetic field, and a solid inner core.

Scientific understanding of the internal structure of Earth is based on observations of topography and bathymetry, observations of rock in outcrop, samples brought to the surface from greater depths by volcanoes or volcanic activity, analysis of the seismic waves that pass through Earth, measurements of the gravitational and magnetic fields of Earth, and experiments with crystalline solids at pressures and temperatures characteristic of Earth's deep interior.
Kazuya Yuasa
Kazuya Yuasa (湯浅 和也, Yuasa Kazuya) is a Japanese professional wrestler, better known for his ring names Gaina (stylized in all capital letters) and Shisao (シーサー王, Shīsāō). He has worked in Michinoku Pro Wrestling, Osaka Pro Wrestling and Okinawa Pro Wrestling, having titles in all the three promotions.

Hub (wrestler)
Hub (stylized in all caps as HUB) is a Japanese professional wrestler currently working as a freelancer. He is best known for his tenure with Osaka Pro Wrestling as well as his time with Super Delfin's Okinawa Pro Wrestling, and has made appearances for New Japan Pro-Wrestling, Dragon Gate, DDT Pro-Wrestling, Big Japan Pro Wrestling, Pro Wrestling Zero1 and Michinoku Pro Wrestling.
Mathematics (producer)
Ronald Maurice Bean, better known professionally as Mathematics (also known as Allah Mathematics) (born October 21, 1971), is a hip hop producer and DJ for the Wu-Tang Clan and its solo and affiliate projects. He designed the Wu-Tang Clan logo.

Masta Killa
Jamel Irief (born Elgin Evander Turner; August 18, 1969), better known by his stage name Masta Killa, is an American rapper and member of the Wu-Tang Clan. He was only featured on one track on their 1993 debut album Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers), but has been prolific on Clan group albums and solo projects since the mid-1990s. He released his debut album No Said Date in 2004 to positive reviews, and has since released four additional albums.
Kimiko Date
Kimiko Date (伊達 公子, Date Kimiko; born 28 September 1970) is a Japanese former professional tennis player. She reached the semifinals of the 1994 Australian Open, the 1995 French Open and the 1996 Wimbledon Championships, and won the Japan Open a record four times. She reached a career-high ranking of world No. 4 in 1995, and first retired from professional tennis in November 1996.

Date returned to tennis nearly twelve years later, announcing an unexpected comeback in April 2008. She then won her eighth WTA Tour title at the 2009 Korea Open, becoming the second-oldest player in the Open era, after Billie Jean King, to win a singles title on the WTA Tour. In 2013, she won three WTA Tour titles in doubles and at the 2014 US Open, aged 43, she reached the semifinals of a Grand Slam doubles tournament for the first time in her career. Date announced her final retirement in September 2017.

Ayumi Morita
Ayumi Morita (森田 あゆみ, Morita Ayumi; born 11 March 1990) is a Japanese former professional tennis player. She reached a career-high ranking of No. 40 in the world in October 2011. At junior level, she reached a combined career-high ranking of No. 3.

Morita is known for strong and consistent two-handed groundstrokes which she hits very flat. She was also regarded as very tough mentally for a young player, often showing great resolve to win close matches despite a lackluster serve. Morita was a small and quick player with excellent footwork and movement around the court.

Morita is one of the most successful Fed Cup players of recent times with a 23–14 match win-loss record for Japan.
Osprey
The osprey (/ˈɒspri, -preɪ/; Pandion haliaetus), historically known as sea hawk, river hawk, and fish hawk, is a diurnal, fish-eating bird of prey with a cosmopolitan range. It is a large raptor, reaching more than 60 cm (24 in) in length and a wingspan of 180 cm (71 in). It is brown on the upperparts and predominantly greyish on the head and underparts.

The osprey tolerates a wide variety of habitats, nesting in any location near a body of water providing an adequate food supply. It is found on all continents except Antarctica, although in South America it occurs only as a non-breeding migrant.

As its other common names suggest, the osprey's diet consists almost exclusively of fish. It possesses specialised physical characteristics and unique behaviour in hunting its prey. Because of its unique characteristics it is classified in its own taxonomic genus, Pandion, and family, Pandionidae.

Black-headed gull
The black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) is a small gull that breeds in much of the Palearctic in Europe and Asia, and also locally in smaller numbers in coastal eastern Canada. Most of the population is migratory and winters further south, but many also remain in the milder areas of northwestern Europe. It was formerly sometimes cited as "common black-headed gull" to distinguish it from "great black-headed gull" (an old name for Pallas's gull).

The genus name Chroicocephalus is from the Ancient Greek words khroizo, "to colour", and kephale, "head". The specific name ridibundus is Latin for "laughing".
Quebec City
Quebec City (French: Ville de Québec) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec. As of July 2021, the city had a population of 549,459, and the Census Metropolitan Area (including surrounding communities) had a population of 839,311. It is the twelfth-largest city and the seventh-largest metropolitan area in Canada. It is also the second-largest city in the province, after Montreal. It has a humid continental climate with warm summers coupled with cold and snowy winters.

Explorer Samuel de Champlain founded a French settlement here in 1608, and adopted the Algonquin name. Quebec City is one of the oldest European settlements in North America. The ramparts surrounding Old Quebec (Vieux-Québec) are the only fortified city walls remaining in the Americas north of Mexico. This area was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985 as the "Historic District of Old Québec".

Baie-Saint-Paul
Baie-Saint-Paul (French pronunciation: [bɛ sɛ̃ pɔl]; 2021 Population 7,371; UA population 4,308) is a city in the Province of Quebec, Canada, on the northern shore of the St. Lawrence River.  Baie-Saint-Paul is the seat of Charlevoix Regional County Municipality. The city is situated at the mouth of the Gouffre River.

The place gained some prominence in the 1770s when Doctor Philippe-Louis-François Badelard named a disease he was researching the "Baie-Saint-Paul maladie". This illness was the subject of one of the first medical publications done in Lower Canada. It is also where Cirque du Soleil originated back in the early 1980s and the location of the first show using the name Cirque du Soleil during "La Fete Foraine de Baie-Saint-Paul" in 1984.
Birmingham City Council
Birmingham City Council is the local authority for the city of Birmingham in the West Midlands, England. Birmingham has had an elected local authority since 1838, which has been reformed several times. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council, a type of unitary authority. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. It is the most populous local government district in England, serving over 1.1 million people. The council has been a member of the West Midlands Combined Authority since 2016.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2012. It is based at the Council House on Victoria Square, Birmingham.

On 6 September 2023, the council declared effective bankruptcy, and central government commissioners were subsequently appointed to run the council under emergency measures.

Alderman
An alderman is a member of a municipal assembly or a council in many jurisdictions founded upon English law with similar officials existing in the Netherlands (wethouder) and Belgium (schepen). The term may be titular, denoting a high-ranking member of a borough or county council, a council member chosen by the elected members themselves rather than by popular vote, or a council member elected by voters.
Sarah Christiana (1798 ship)
Sarah Christiana was launched in 1798. She made one voyage as an "extra ship" for the British East India Company (EIC). She then made a voyage to Jamaica. On her return, the EIC engaged her for four more voyages as an East Indiaman. In 1810 she was sold and became a West Indiaman. She was broken up in 1828.

Diana (1799 ship)
Diana was launched in 1799 as a West Indiaman. From 1805 she made four voyages as an East Indiaman under charter to the British East India Company. She made a fifth voyage to India in 1817 under a license from the EIC. She ran into difficulties in the Hooghly River while homeward bound and was condemned in Bengal in June 1818.
Thomas Ashe
Thomas Patrick Ashe (Irish: Tomás Pádraig Ághas; 12 January 1885 – 25 September 1917) was an Irish revolutionary and politician. He was a member of the Gaelic League, the Gaelic Athletic Association, the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) and a founding member of the Irish Volunteers.

He was a senior commander in the Easter Rising of 1916. After release from prison just over a year later he was soon re-arrested on separate charges of sedition, and died as a result of forcible feeding whilst on hunger strike in prison.

Terence MacSwiney
Terence James MacSwiney (/məkˈswiːni/; Irish: Toirdhealbhach Mac Suibhne; 28 March 1879 – 25 October 1920) was an Irish playwright, author and politician. He was elected as Sinn Féin Lord Mayor of Cork during the Irish War of Independence in 1920. He was arrested by the British Government on charges of sedition and imprisoned in Brixton Prison. His death there in October 1920 after 74 days on hunger strike brought him and the Irish Republican campaign to international attention.
Codex Marchalianus
Codex Marchalianus, designated by siglum Q, is a 6th-century Greek manuscript copy of the Greek version of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh or Old Testament) known as the Septuagint. It is now in the Vatican Library. The text was written on vellum in uncial letters. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 6th century. Marginal annotations were later added to the copy of the Scripture text, the early ones being of importance for a study of the history of the Septuagint.

Its name was derived from a former owner, René Marchal.

Greek Minor Prophets Scroll from Nahal Hever
The Greek Minor Prophets Scroll from Nahal Hever (8HevXII gr) is a Greek manuscript of a revision of the Septuagint dated to the 1st century BC and the 1st century CE. The manuscript is kept in the Rockefeller Museum in Jerusalem. It was first published by Dominique Barthélemy in 1963. The Rahlfs-Siglum is 943.
Giuliano Amato
Giuliano Amato OMRI (Italian pronunciation: [dʒuˈljaːno aˈmaːto]; born 13 May 1938) is an Italian politician who twice served as Prime Minister of Italy, first from 1992 to 1993 and again from 2000 to 2001. Upon Arnaldo Forlani's death in July 2023, Amato became the country's earliest-serving surviving Prime Minister.

Later, he was Vice President of the Convention on the Future of Europe that drafted the European Constitution and headed the Amato Group. He is commonly nicknamed dottor Sottile, which means "Doctor Subtilis", the sobriquet of the Scottish Medieval philosopher John Duns Scotus, a reference to his political subtlety. From 2006 to 2008, he was the Minister of the Interior in Romano Prodi's government. He served on the Constitutional Court of Italy from September 2013 to September 2022, to which he was appointed by President Giorgio Napolitano. He also served as President of the Court from 29 January 2022 to 18 September 2022.

Chamber of Deputies (Italy)
The Chamber of Deputies (Italian: Camera dei deputati) is the lower house of the bicameral Italian Parliament, the upper house being the Senate of the Republic. The two houses together form a perfect bicameral system, meaning they perform identical functions, but do so separately. The Chamber of Deputies has 400 seats, of which 392 are elected from Italian constituencies, and 8 from Italian citizens living abroad. Deputies are styled The Honourable (Italian: Onorevole) and meet at Palazzo Montecitorio.
TNA X Division Championship
The TNA X Division Championship is a men's professional wrestling championship created and promoted by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). It debuted on June 19, 2002, at the taping of TNA's second then-weekly pay-per-view (PPV) event. The current champion is Leon Slater, who is in his first reign.

The championship is contested in TNA's X Division, which emphasizes fast-paced, acrobatic wrestling, traditionally featuring cruiserweight wrestlers. However, heavyweights including Samoa Joe, Kurt Angle, and Abyss have also won the championship at various times in the division's history. There have been 111 reigns among 55 wrestlers.

Since 2012, the X-Division Championship has also allowed the current champion to vacate the title in exchange for a future match for the TNA World Championship, which is promoted as "Option C." This has occurred seven times in the championship's history,  with three matches resulting in wins.

Mahabali Shera
Amanpreet Singh Randhawa (born 2 May 1990) is an Indian professional wrestler, He is signed to Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW), where he performs under the ring name Mahabali Shera or simply Shera. He also had a brief stint under contract with WWE in 2018. He is best known for his time Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA).
Seym (river)
The Seym or Seim (Russian: Сейм; Ukrainian: Сейм) is a river that flows westward in Russia and Ukraine. It is 748 kilometres (465 mi) long (250 km within Ukraine) and its basin area about 27,500 square kilometres (10,600 sq mi). It is the largest tributary of the Desna.

Places on the river include Kursk, Kurchatov, Rylsk, Glushkovo, Putyvl, Baturyn, and the junction with the Desna, which continues west and south past Chernihiv to Kyiv.

In September 2024, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Ukrainian officials accused Russia of polluting the river by dumping sewage from a sugar factory in Tyotkino, Kursk Oblast, resulting in environmental damage estimated at about Hr 186 million ($4.5 million) in Chernihiv Oblast that included a decrease in oxygen levels and fish kills downstream.

The river also serves cooling water for the Kursk Nuclear Power Plant in Russia.

Polevaya, Kursk Oblast
Polevaya (Russian: Полевая) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') and the administrative center of Polevskoy Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Kursky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  1,575 (2010 Census); 1,656 (2002 Census);
Randall County, Texas
Randall County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 140,753. Its county seat is Canyon. The county was created in 1876 and later organized in 1889. It is named for Horace Randal, a Confederate brigadier general killed at the Battle of Jenkins Ferry. The reason the county name differs from his is because the bill creating the county misspelled Randal's name.

Randall County, alongside adjacent Potter County is part of the Amarillo metropolitan statistical area.

At one time, the large JA Ranch, founded by Charles Goodnight and John George Adair, which reached into six counties, held acreage in Randall County.

Parmer County, Texas
Parmer County is a county located in the southwestern Texas Panhandle on the High Plains of the Llano Estacado in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 9,869. The county seat is Farwell. The county was created in 1876 and later organized in 1907. It is named in honor of Martin Parmer, a signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence and early judge. Parmer County was one of 10 prohibition, or entirely dry, counties in the state of Texas, but is now a wet county.
Bard (Dungeons & Dragons)
The bard is a standard playable character class in many editions of the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game. The bard class is versatile, capable of combat and of magic (divine magic in earlier editions, arcane magic in later editions). Bards use their artistic talents to induce magical effects.  The class is loosely based on the special magic that music holds in stories such as the Pied Piper of Hamelin, and in earlier versions was much more akin to being a Celtic Fili or a Norse Skald, although these elements have largely been removed in later editions. Listed inspirations for bards include Taliesin, Homer, Will Scarlet, and Alan-a-Dale.

Warlock (Dungeons & Dragons)
The warlock is a character class in the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game. It was introduced as a non-core base class who practice arcane magic in the supplemental book Complete Arcane for the 3.5 edition of Dungeons & Dragons. In 4th and 5th edition, the warlock is a core class.
1983 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 1983 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 97th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county hurling tournament. The draw for the 1980 fixtures took place in September 1979. The championship began on 29 May 1983 and ended on 4 September 1983.

Kilkenny were the defending champions.

On 4 September 1983, Kilkenny won the championship following a 2–14 to 2–12 defeat of Cork in the All-Ireland final. This was their 23rd All-Ireland title and their second in succession.

Kilkenny's Billy Fitzpatrick was the championship's top scorer with 1–24. Kilkenny's Frank Cummins was the choice for Texaco Hurler of the Year.

1985 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship of 1985 was the 99th edition of Ireland's premier hurling knockout competition.  The championship ran from May to September of that year, culminating with the All-Ireland final, held at Croke Park, Dublin on 1 September.  The match was contested by Offaly and Galway, with Offaly taking the title by 2–11 to 1–12.  It was Offaly's second-ever All-Ireland title.
Keith Giffen
Keith Ian Giffen (November 30, 1952 – October 9, 2023) was an American comics artist and writer. He was known for his work for DC Comics on their Legion of Super-Heroes and Justice League titles as well as for being the co-creator of Lobo, Rocket Raccoon, and Jaime Reyes.

Dave Cockrum
David Emmett Cockrum (/ˈkɒkrəm/; November 11, 1943 – November 26, 2006) was an American comics artist known for his co-creation of the new X-Men characters Nightcrawler, Storm, Colossus, and Mystique, as well as the antiheroine Black Cat. Cockrum was a prolific and inventive costume designer who updated the uniforms of the Legion of Super-Heroes and the X-Men in the 1970s and early 1980s.
Eri Kamei
Eri Kamei (亀井 絵里, Kamei Eri; born December 23, 1988) is a Japanese pop singer and model. She is a former member of the Japanese pop group Morning Musume. She joined in late 2003 as a sixth generation member along with Miki Fujimoto, Sayumi Michishige, and Reina Tanaka. She graduated on December 15, 2010, in Yokohama Arena along with Junjun and Linlin.

Ai Takahashi
Ai Takahashi (高橋 愛, Takahashi Ai) (born September 14, 1986) is a Japanese singer and actress. She debuted in 2001 as a 5th generation member of the Japanese idol girl group Morning Musume, eventually becoming one of the group's lead vocalists. She became the group's leader in 2007, as well as the leader of their musical collective, Hello! Project, in 2009. During her time in Morning Musume, Takahashi was also a member of sub-groups within Hello! Project, such as Mini-Moni, High-King, and several Hello! Project Shuffle Units. In 2011, she graduated from Morning Musume and Hello! Project.
Function space
In mathematics, a function space is a set of functions between two fixed sets. Often, the domain and/or codomain will have additional structure which is inherited by the function space. For example, the set of functions from any set X into a vector space has a natural vector space structure given by pointwise addition and scalar multiplication. In other scenarios, the function space might inherit a topological or metric structure, hence the name function space. Often in mathematical jargon, especially in analysis or geometry, a function could refer to a map of the form  or  where  is the space in question. Whilst other maps of the form  between any two spaces are simply referred to as maps. Example of this can be the space of compactly supported functions on a topological space. However in a larger context a function space could just consist of a set of functions (set theoretically) equipped with possibly some extra structure.

Sobolev space
In mathematics, a Sobolev space is a vector space of functions equipped with a norm that is a combination of Lp-norms of the function together with its derivatives up to a given order. The derivatives are understood in a suitable weak sense to make the space complete, i.e. a Banach space. Intuitively, a Sobolev space is a space of functions possessing sufficiently many derivatives for some application domain, such as partial differential equations, and equipped with a norm that measures both the size and regularity of a function.

Sobolev spaces are named after the Russian mathematician Sergei Sobolev. Their importance comes from the fact that weak solutions of some important partial differential equations exist in appropriate Sobolev spaces, even when there are no strong solutions in spaces of continuous functions with the derivatives understood in the classical sense.
Rich Gedman
Richard Leo Gedman (born September 26, 1959) is an American professional baseball hitting adviser with the Boston Red Sox, and a former coach and player. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a catcher for the Red Sox (1980–1990), Houston Astros (1990–1991), and St. Louis Cardinals (1991–1992). Listed at 6 feet 0 inches (1.83 m) and 210 pounds (95 kg), he batted left-handed and threw right-handed.

Bob Stanley (baseball)
Robert William Stanley (born November 10, 1954) is an American former professional baseball relief pitcher who spent his entire Major League Baseball (MLB) career with the Boston Red Sox. He was later the pitching coach for the Buffalo Bisons, Triple-A affiliate of the Toronto Blue Jays, through the 2018 season.
Lyn May
Lilia Guadalupe Mendiola Mayares (born 12 December 1952), better known by her stage name Lyn May, is a Mexican vedette, exotic dancer and actress. She was one of the most popular Mexican vedettes during the 1970s and 1980s, a popular sex symbol, and one of the main stars of Ficheras cinema.

Wanda Seux
Juana Amanda Seux Ramírez (3 January 1948 – 2 September 2020), better known as Wanda Seux, was a Paraguayan-Mexican vedette, dancer, and actress, who enjoyed a long career in film, television, and theatre in Mexico.