hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season
The 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season began on November 6, 2018. The first tournament was the 2K Sports Classic and the season concluded with the Final Four at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on April 8, 2019. Practices officially began on September 28, 2018. The season saw Zion Williamson dominate Player of the Year honors and media attention, while Virginia won its first NCAA Championship. The NCAA Championship Game between Virginia and Texas Tech would mark the final NCAA game with a 20-foot 9 inch three-point shot line, as it moved out to the FIBA standard of 22 feet and 2 inches the following year.

2018–19 Omaha Mavericks men's basketball team
The 2018–19 Omaha Mavericks men's basketball team represented the University of Nebraska Omaha during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Mavericks, led by 14th-year head coach Derrin Hansen, played their home games at Baxter Arena as members of The Summit League.
Auckland Tuatara (basketball)
The Auckland Tuatara are a New Zealand professional men's basketball team based in Auckland. The Tuatara compete in the National Basketball League (NBL) and play their home games at Eventfinda Stadium. Founded in Tasmania in 2019 as the Southern Huskies, the team relocated to Auckland in 2020 and for two years were known as the Auckland Huskies. In December 2021, the team was purchased by the owners of the Auckland Tuatara baseball team.

2023 New Zealand NBL season
The 2023 NBL season was the 42nd season of the National Basketball League. For the third year in a row, the league fielded 10 teams.

The regular season commenced on 6 April in Pukekohe, with the Franklin Bulls hosting the Hawke's Bay Hawks at Franklin Pool and Leisure Centre, and contained 15 weeks followed by a four-day finals schedule in July.
St. Jakob-Park
St. Jakob-Park (Swiss Standard German: [zaŋkt ˈjaːkɔb ˌpark] ⓘ) is a Swiss sports stadium in Basel. It is the largest football venue in Switzerland and home to FC Basel. "Joggeli", as the venue is nicknamed by the locals, was originally built with a capacity of 33,433 seats. The capacity was increased to 42,500 for Euro 2008, which was hosted by Austria and Switzerland. After the tournament, a number of seats were removed, thus creating more space between them. The capacity was therefore reduced to 38,512 for Swiss Super League matches or 37,500 seats for international matches The maximum capacity for concerts is 40,000.

The stadium is named after the village of St. Jakob an der Birs, which stood on the site. The name "Joggeli" is the diminutive of "Jakob" in the local dialect, making it the equivalent of "Jake".

2015–16 FC Basel season
The 2015–16 FC Basel season was the club's 123rd season and their 21st consecutive season in the top flight of Swiss football since their promotion in the 1993–94 season. Basel's 2015–16 Swiss Super League campaign began on 19 July at home against Vaduz. In addition to the Swiss Super League, Basel also participated in the season's Champions League, Europa League, and Swiss Cup.
Protein kinase
A protein kinase is a kinase which selectively modifies other proteins by covalently adding phosphates to them (phosphorylation) as opposed to kinases which modify lipids, carbohydrates, or other molecules. Phosphorylation usually results in a functional change of the target protein (substrate) by changing enzyme activity, cellular location, or association with other proteins. The human genome contains about 500 protein kinase genes and they constitute about 2% of all human genes. There are two main types of protein kinase. The great majority are serine/threonine kinases, which phosphorylate the hydroxyl groups of serines and threonines in their targets. Most of the others are tyrosine kinases, although additional types exist. Protein kinases are also found in bacteria and plants. Up to 30% of all human proteins may be modified by kinase activity, and kinases are known to regulate the majority of cellular pathways, especially those involved in signal transduction.

Substrate (chemistry)
In chemistry, the term substrate is highly context-dependent. Broadly speaking, it can refer either to a chemical species being observed in a chemical reaction, or to a surface on which other chemical reactions or microscopy are performed. In biochemistry, an enzyme substrate is the molecule upon which an enzyme acts. In synthetic and organic chemistry a substrate is the chemical of interest that is being modified. A reagent is added to the substrate to generate a product through a chemical reaction. Otherwise, substrate may refer to a surface on which other chemical reactions are performed or a surface that plays a supporting role in various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques.
2020–21 NCAA Division I men's basketball season
The 2020–21 NCAA Division I men's basketball season began on November 25, 2020, and concluded on March 14, 2021. The 2021 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament culminated the season and began on March 18 and concluded on April 5.

2020–21 Rider Broncs men's basketball team
The 2020–21 Rider Broncs men's basketball team represented Rider University in the 2020–21 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Broncs, led by ninth-year head coach Kevin Baggett, played their home games at the Alumni Gymnasium in Lawrenceville, New Jersey as members of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference. They finished the season 6–17, 5–13 in MAAC play to finish in last place. As the No. 11 seed in the MAAC tournament, they defeated No. 6 seed Canisius in the first round before losing in the quarterfinals to No. 3 seed Saint Peter's 60–75.
1980 Formula One season
The 1980 Formula One season was the 34th season of FIA Formula One motor racing. It featured the 1980 World Championship of Drivers and the 1980 International Cup for F1 Constructors, which were contested concurrently from 13 January to 5 October over a fourteen-race series. The season also included one non-championship race, the Spanish Grand Prix.

Alan Jones, driving a Williams-Ford, became the first Australian to win the World Championship since Jack Brabham in 1966. The season saw a major change of guard in Formula One with the Williams team's first Drivers' and Constructors' titles, the emergence of Nelson Piquet as a championship contender and the debut of future World Champions Alain Prost and Nigel Mansell, while reigning champions Jody Scheckter and Ferrari suffered a terrible season that resulted in Scheckter retiring from the sport at the end of the year. In addition, Frenchman Patrick Depailler lost his life while testing at Hockenheim.

Techniques d'Avant Garde
TAG Group (Holdings) S.A. is a private holding company based in Luxembourg City, Luxembourg. The name 'TAG' is an acronym of Techniques d'Avant Garde. The company generates revenue through its various subsidiaries that offer products and services in the business aviation, motorsports, hospitality, consumer products and real estate industries.
Färjestad BK
Färjestad Bollklubb (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈfæ̌rjɛsta]; abbreviated as FBK) is a Swedish professional ice hockey team based in Karlstad.

Färjestad has had 21 Swedish Championship final appearances, winning ten times since the Swedish Hockey League (SHL; formerly Elitserien) was started in 1975, making them the most successful SHL club in history. The team plays in the highest Swedish league and have done so since 1965. Following Brynäs IF's relegation to HockeyAllsvenskan in 2023, Färjestad is the only team to have constantly played in the current top tier of Swedish hockey, the SHL, since it was started in 1975. They reached the SHL championship finals for six consecutive seasons (2001–2006), winning the championship two times. They are featured rivals with Djurgårdens IF, Frölunda HC, and HV71.

2006–07 Elitserien season
The 2006–07 Elitserien season was the 32nd season of Elitserien. It began on September 18, 2006, with the regular season ending March 2, 2007. The playoffs of the 84th Swedish Championship concluded on April 14, with Modo Hockey defeating Linköpings HC to win their second championship title.
United Indoor Football
United Indoor Football (UIF) was an indoor American football league in the United States that operated from 2005 to 2008.  Ten owners from the National Indoor Football League, including one expansion (the Dayton Warbirds, which never played a game in UIF) and two from arenafootball2 (af2) took their franchises and formed their own league. The league was based in Omaha, Nebraska.

On July 22, 2008, it was announced that the UIF would be merging with the Intense Football League for the 2009 season. The merged league is known as the newest incarnation of the Indoor Football League.

2005 United Indoor Football season
The 2005 United Indoor Football season was the very first season of the UIF and was succeeded by 2006.  The league champions were the Sioux Falls Storm, who defeated the Sioux City Bandits in United Bowl I.

In the league's first year, the teams were almost exclusively former NIFL or AF2 teams. Black Hills, Evansville, Fort Wayne, Lexington, Ohio Valley, Omaha, Sioux City, Sioux Falls, and Tupelo were all former NIFL members, while Tennessee Valley and Peoria were former AF2 teams. The only team not formerly affiliated with another league was the Dayton Warbirds, who were dropped from the schedule before the season began. None of the former NIFL teams changed their identity, but the former AF2 teams faced legal problems with the names, which belonged to the AF2, and were forced to change.
2022–23 NCAA Division I men's basketball season
The 2022–23 NCAA Division I men's basketball season began on November 7, 2022. The regular season ended on March 12, 2023, with the 2023 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament beginning with the First Four on March 14 and ending with the championship game at NRG Stadium in Houston on April 3.

2022–23 Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball team
The 2022–23 Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball team represented The Ohio State University in the 2022–23 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Their head coach was Chris Holtmann, who was in his sixth season with the Buckeyes. The Buckeyes played their home games at Value City Arena in Columbus, Ohio as members of the Big Ten Conference. They finished the season 16–19, 5–15 in Big Ten play to finish in 13th place. They defeated Wisconsin, Iowa, and Michigan State in the Big Ten tournament to advance to the semifinals. There they lost to Purdue.
1908–09 Northern Rugby Football Union season
The 1908–09 Northern Rugby Football Union season was the 14th season of rugby league football in the United Kingdom.

The governing body, the Northern Union (NU) decided to admit four extra clubs, all from Wales; Aberdare, Barry, Mid-Rhondda and Treherbert, to expand the Northern Rugby League to 31 clubs.  With six Welsh clubs in the league the NU also established a Welsh League along the same lines as the existing Lancashire and Yorkshire leagues.

Wigan won their first Championship this season beating Oldham 7–3 in the play-off final.  Wigan also ended the regular season as the league leaders. Oldham's appearance in the Championship final was the first time that a team from outside the top two in the league had reached the final.

Wigan won the Lancashire League. Halifax won the Yorkshire League. The Welsh League was won by Ebbw Vale.

Hunslet F.C. (1883)
Hunslet F.C. was a professional rugby league club based in Hunslet, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. The club was a founding member of the Rugby Football League in 1895.

Hunslet were a strong force in the early years of the Northern Union, winning the League Championship and Challenge Cup twice. Their greatest achievement was winning All Four Cups in 1908.

The club played home games at Parkside and had a cross city rivalry with Leeds. After the club disbanded in 1973 a new club; New Hunslet was formed.
Southland Sharks
The Southland Sharks are a New Zealand professional men's basketball team based in Invercargill. The Sharks compete in the National Basketball League (NBL) and play their home games at Stadium Southland. For sponsorship reasons, they are known as the SBS Bank Southland Sharks.

2012 New Zealand NBL season
The 2012 NBL season was the 31st season of the National Basketball League. While the Harbour Heat returned for the 2012 season, the Waikato Pistons dropped out of the league. It marked the first time the league had no Waikato presence since 1983.

The Hawke's Bay Hawks were regular season winners in 2012. The final Four weekend was held in Wellington, with the semifinals on Saturday 26 May, followed by the championship game on Sunday 27 May. In the final, the Auckland Pirates were victorious over the two-time defending champion Wellington Saints.
Chris Chittell
Christopher John Chittell (born 19 May 1948) is an English actor, known for his role as Eric Pollard in the ITV soap opera Emmerdale. He has portrayed the role since 1986, making him the longest-serving cast member in the soap's history.

List of Emmerdale characters introduced in 2013
Emmerdale is a British soap opera first broadcast on 16 October 1972. The following is a list of characters that first appeared during 2013, by order of first appearance. Ross Barton (Michael Parr) made his debut in July. Joanie Wright (Denise Black) made her first appearance in August. October saw the introduction of Lindy (Nimmy March), the mother of established character Ruby Haswell (Alicya Eyo), and former Coronation Street actor Bill Ward as James Barton. Harriet Finch (Katherine Dow Blyton) and Gil Keane (David Easter) debuted in November, while Pete, played by Hollyoaks star Anthony Quinlan, and Finn Barton (Joe Gill) arrived in December. Additionally, multiple other characters appear throughout the year.
2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season
The 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season began on November 11, 2016. The first early-season tournaments were the 2K Sports Classic, Charleston Classic, and Puerto Rico Tip-Off. The season ended with the 2017 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament, whose Final Four was played at the University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona, on April 1, 2017, followed by the national championship game on April 3. Practices officially began on September 30, 2016.

2016–17 Marshall Thundering Herd men's basketball team
The 2016–17 Marshall Thundering Herd men's basketball team represented Marshall University during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Thundering Herd, led by third-year head coach Dan D'Antoni, played their home games at the Cam Henderson Center and were members of Conference USA. They finished the season 20–15, 10–8 in C-USA play to finish in sixth place. They defeated Florida Atlantic, Old Dominion, and Louisiana Tech to advance to the championship game of the C-USA tournament. There they lost to top-seeded Middle Tennessee. Despite finishing with 20 wins, they did not participate in a postseason tournament.

On January 24, 2017, assistant coach Chris Duhon resigned following an arrest for driving on a revoked license three days earlier.
Soil salinity control
Soil salinity control refers to controlling the process and progress of soil salinity to prevent soil degradation by salination and reclamation of already salty (saline) soils. Soil reclamation is also known as soil improvement, rehabilitation, remediation, recuperation, or amelioration.

The primary man-made cause of salinization is irrigation. River water or groundwater used in irrigation contains salts, which remain in the soil after the water has evaporated.

The primary method of controlling soil salinity is to permit 10–20% of the irrigation water to leach the soil, so that it will be drained and discharged through an appropriate drainage system. The salt concentration of the drainage water is normally 5 to 10 times higher than that of the irrigation water which meant that salt export will more closely match salt import and it will not accumulate.

Leaching (agriculture)
In agriculture, leaching is the loss of water-soluble plant nutrients from the soil, due to rain and irrigation. Soil structure, crop planting, type and application rates of fertilizers, and other factors are taken into account to avoid excessive nutrient loss. Leaching may also refer to the practice of applying a small amount of excess irrigation where the water has a high salt content to avoid salts from building up in the soil (salinity control).  Where this is practiced, drainage must also usually be employed, to carry away the excess water.

Leaching is a natural environment concern when it contributes to groundwater contamination. As water from rain, flooding, or other sources seeps into the ground, it can dissolve chemicals and carry them into the underground water supply. Of particular concern are hazardous waste dumps and landfills, and, in agriculture, excess fertilizer, improperly stored animal manure, and biocides (e.g. pesticides, fungicides, insecticides and herbicides).
List of EastEnders characters introduced in 2020
EastEnders is a BBC soap opera that first aired on 19 February 1985. The following is a list of characters that first appeared in 2020, in order of first appearance. All characters are introduced by the show's executive producer, Jon Sen. The first character to be introduced in 2020 is the son of Sheree Trueman (Suzette Llewellyn), Isaac Baptiste (Stevie Basaula). The Panesar family matriarch Suki Panesar (Balvinder Sopal) is then introduced in January. Laura Awoyinka (Sarah Paul), a colleague of Gray Atkins (Toby-Alexander Smith), is introduced in March. Frankie Lewis (Rose Ayling-Ellis), a deaf character who befriends Ben Mitchell (Max Bowden), is introduced in May. Ellie Nixon (Mica Paris) joins the soap in September. Two months later, Katy Lewis (Simone Lahbib), the mother of Frankie, first appears. One month later, Mila Marwa (Ruhtxjiaïh Bèllènéa) is introduced as a rival, then friend, for Kim Fox. Additionally, multiple other characters were featured during the year.

James Farrar (actor)
James Castling Farrar (born 19 June 1987) is an English actor and model, known for his role as Liam Gilmore in the Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks. He rose to prominence in 2021 for his portrayal of Zack Hudson in the BBC soap opera EastEnders.
Wool
Wool is the textile fiber obtained from sheep and other mammals, especially goats, rabbits, and camelids. The term may also refer to inorganic materials, such as mineral wool and glass wool, that have some properties similar to animal wool.

Wool is an animal fiber and consists of protein together with a small percentage of lipids. This makes it chemically quite distinct from cotton and other plant fibers, which are mainly cellulose, and akin to silk, another animal fiber composed primarily of protein. Like silk, the proteinaceous nature of wool requires special detergents when being cleaned because laundry detergents made to clean cellulose-based fabrics often contain stain-removing enzymes that digest protein.

Tanning (leather)
Tanning, or hide tanning, is the process of treating skins and hides of animals to produce leather. A tannery is the place where the skins are processed.

Historically, vegetable based tanning used tannin, an acidic chemical compound derived from the bark of certain trees, in the production of leather. An alternative method, developed in the 1800s, is chrome tanning, where chromium salts are used instead of natural tannins.
Al-Saffah
Abu al-ʿAbbās Abd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-ʿAbbās (Arabic: أبو العباس عبد الله ابن محمد ابن علي‎; 721/722 – 8 June 754), known by his laqab al-Saffah (Arabic: السفّاح), was the first caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate, one of the longest and most important caliphates in Islamic history.

His laqab al-Saffāḥ means "the Blood-Shedder". It may refer to his ruthless tactics, or perhaps it was used to intimidate his enemies. It was during his inaugural homage as Caliph, delivered in the Great Mosque of Kufa, that he called himself "al-Saffah" ("the Blood-Shedder"), and this title stuck to him due to his massacre of the Umayyads.

Kufa
Kufa (Arabic: الْكُوفَة "al-Kūfah"), also spelled Kufah, is a city in Iraq, about 170 kilometres (110 mi) south of Baghdad, and 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northeast of Najaf. It is located on the banks of the Euphrates River. The estimated population in 2003 was 110,000.

Along with Najaf, Karbala, Mashhad, Samarra, Kadhimiya and Qom, Kufa is one of the holiest cities in Shia Islam. The city was founded in 638 CE (17 Hijrah) during the reign of the second Rashidun Caliph, Umar ibn Al-Khattab, and it was the final capital of the last Rashidun Caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib. Kufa was also the founding capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. During the Islamic Golden Age it was home to the grammarians of Kufa. Kufic script is named for the city.

The Palestinian keffiyeh, also known as kufiya and worn by Arab men, originated from Kufa, and is worn today to convey diverse political sentiments. Due to heightened global consumer demand, most keffiyehs are now manufactured in China.
Mid-American Conference
The Mid-American Conference (MAC) is a collegiate athletic conference with a membership base mostly in the Great Lakes region, stretching from Massachusetts to Illinois. Its members compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I. For football, the conference participates in the NCAA's Football Bowl Subdivision. Nine of the thirteen full member schools are in Ohio and Michigan, with single members located in Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, New York, and California.

The MAC is headquartered in the Public Square district in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, and has two members in the nearby Akron area. The conference ranks highest among all ten NCAA Division I FBS conferences for graduation rates.

2015 Northern Illinois Huskies football team
The 2015 Northern Illinois Huskies football team represented Northern Illinois University as a member of the West Division of the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Led by third-year head coach Rod Carey, the Huskies compiled an overall record of 8–6 with a mark of 6–2 in conference play, finishing in a four-way tie for the MAC West Division title with Central Michigan, Toledo, and Western Michigan. Northern Illinois advance to the MAC Championship Game, where they lost to Bowling Green. The Huskies were invited to the Boca Raton Bowl, to the Poinsettia Bowl, where they were defeated by Boise State. The team played home games at Huskie Stadium in DeKalb, Illinois.

The season marked the Huskies' eighth consecutive trip to a bowl game and their fourth consecutive bowl game loss.
2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season
The 2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season began on November 4, 2024. The regular season ended on March 16, 2025, with the 2025 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament that began with the First Four on March 18 and ended with the championship game at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, on April 7.

2024–25 Yale Bulldogs men's basketball team
The 2024–25 Yale Bulldogs men's basketball team represented Yale University during the 2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Bulldogs, led by 25th-year head coach James Jones, played their home games at John J. Lee Amphitheater in New Haven, Connecticut as members of the Ivy League.