hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Good Parliament
The Good Parliament is the name traditionally given to the English Parliament of 1376. Sitting in Westminster from April 28 to July 10, it was the longest Parliament up until that time. It turned into a parliamentary revolution, with the Commons (supported to some extent by the Lords) venting their grievances at decades of crippling taxation, misgovernment, and suspected endemic corruption among the ruling classes.

It took place during a time when the English court was perceived by much of the English population to be corrupt, and its traditional name was due to the sincere efforts by its members to reform the government.  It had a formidable enemy, however, in John of Gaunt, fourth son of Edward III and the effective ruler of England at the time.

List of speakers of the House of Commons of England
This is a list of the speakers of the House of Commons of England, up to 1707.

For speakers of the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1801, see List of speakers of the British House of Commons.
District
A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions of municipalities, school district, or political district.

Sede, district of Santa Maria
Sede ("Seat") is a district of the municipality of Santa Maria, in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is situated in the north portion of Santa Maria. Downtown Santa Maria is one of its bairros (neighbourhoods).

The district of Sede owns an area of 133.71 km² that is equivalent to 7.46% of the municipality of Santa Maria that is 1791,65 km².
Sam Raimi
Samuel Marshall Raimi (/ˈreɪmi/ RAY-mee; born October 23, 1959) is an American filmmaker. He is best known for writing and directing the Evil Dead trilogy (1981–1992) and directing the Spider-Man trilogy (2002–2007). He also directed Darkman (1990), The Quick and the Dead (1995), A Simple Plan (1998), The Gift (2000), Drag Me to Hell (2009), Oz the Great and Powerful (2013), Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness (2022), and Send Help (2026).

His films are known for their highly dynamic visual style, inspired by comic books and slapstick comedy. He founded the production companies Renaissance Pictures in 1979 and Ghost House Pictures in 2002. Raimi has also produced several successful television series, including Hercules: The Legendary Journeys (1995–1997), its spin-off Xena: Warrior Princess (1995–2001), and Ash vs Evil Dead (2015–2018) starring longtime friend and collaborator Bruce Campbell reprising his role in the Evil Dead franchise.

San Diego Comic-Con
San Diego Comic-Con is a comic book convention and multi-genre entertainment event held annually in San Diego, California, United States, at the San Diego Convention Center. Founded in 1970, originally showcasing primarily comic books and science fiction/fantasy media, Comic-Con has grown to include a large range of pop culture and entertainment elements across virtually all genres.

According to Forbes, Comic-Con is the "largest convention of its kind in the world". Since 2010, Comic-Con has filled the San Diego Convention Center to capacity with over 130,000 attendees. Comic-Con is home to the Eisner Awards, which recognizes creative achievement in American comic books, often referred to as the comic industry's equivalent to the Academy Awards.

San Diego Comic Convention, doing business as Comic-Con International, is the corporate name of the public-benefit nonprofit corporation behind Comic-Con.
Blue Line (Washington Metro)
The Blue Line is a rapid transit line of the Washington Metro system, consisting of 28 stations in Fairfax County, Alexandria and Arlington, Virginia; Washington, D.C.; and Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. The Blue Line runs from Franconia–Springfield to Downtown Largo. The line shares track with the Orange Line for 13 stations, the Silver Line for 18, and the Yellow Line for six on the same segment and seven altogether. Only three stations (Franconia–Springfield, Van Dorn Street, and Arlington Cemetery) are exclusive to the Blue Line.

Trains run every 10 minutes during weekday rush hours, every 12 minutes during weekday off-peak hours and weekends, and every 15 minutes daily after 9:30pm.

New Carrollton station
New Carrollton station is a joint Washington Metro, MARC, and Amtrak station just outside the city limits of New Carrollton, Prince George's County, Maryland. It is the eastern terminus of the Metro Orange Line and one branch of the Silver Line. It will also be the eastern terminus of the under-construction Purple Line when it opens in 2027. The station is adjacent to the Capital Beltway.

Beneath the Metro station platform, a waiting room serves Amtrak's Northeast Regional, Vermonter, and Palmetto trains, as well as MARC's Penn Line trains. The New Carrollton Rail Yard is nearby.

Greyhound, a nationwide intercity bus company, also stops at the station on routes serving Richmond, Washington, Philadelphia, New York City, Pittsburgh, and points beyond.
CBC Television
CBC Television (also known as CBC TV, or simply CBC) is a Canadian English-language broadcast television network owned by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, the national public broadcaster. The network began operations on September 6, 1952, with its main studios at the Canadian Broadcasting Centre in Toronto. Its French-language counterpart is Ici Radio-Canada Télé.

CBC Television is available throughout Canada on over-the-air television stations in urban centres, and as a must-carry station on cable and satellite television providers, and live streamed on its CBC Gem video platform.

For the Record (Canadian TV series)
For the Record is a Canadian television drama anthology series that aired on CBC Television from 1976 to 1985. The series aired docudrama-style television films on contemporary social issues, typically airing between four and six films per year.

After a nearly decade run, the series was cancelled in 1985, although the CBC opted to continue commissioning similar television films as standalone productions, beginning with 1986's Turning to Stone.
Polish Super Cup
The Polish Super Cup (Polish: Superpuchar Polski, pronounced [supɛrˈpuxar ˈpɔlskʲi]), known as the STS Superpuchar Polski for sponsorship reasons, is an annually held match between the champions of the Ekstraklasa and the Polish Cup winners or, if the Ekstraklasa champions also win the Polish Cup, the Cup's runners-up. As of 2025, the Polish Super Cup has been played 34 times. The most successful club are Lech Poznań and Legia Warsaw, who both won the competition 6 times. The most common participant has been Legia Warsaw, as they have played seventeen final games and lost their eight following finals between 2012 and 2021. Unlike the Polish Cup, there is no extra time played in the competition, therefore in case of a draw after regular time, the match goes straight into a penalty shoot-out.

Legia Warsaw are the current holders of the trophy.

Raków Częstochowa
Robotniczy Klub Sportowy Raków Częstochowa Spółka Akcyjna (commonly referred to as Raków Częstochowa, or simply Raków) is a Polish professional football club, based in Częstochowa, that competes in the Ekstraklasa, the top tier of national football league system.
Columbanus
Saint Columbanus (Irish: Columbán; 543 – 21 November 615) was an Irish missionary notable for founding a number of monasteries after 590 in the Frankish and Lombard kingdoms, most notably Luxeuil Abbey in present-day France and Bobbio Abbey in present-day Italy.

Columbanus taught an Irish monastic rule and penitential practices for those repenting of sins, which emphasised private confession to a priest, followed by penances imposed by the priest in reparation for the sins. Columbanus is one of the earliest identifiable Hiberno-Latin writers.

Gildas
Gildas (English pronunciation: /ˈɡɪldəs/, Breton: Gweltaz; c. 450/500 – c. 570) – also known as  Gildas Badonicus, Gildas fab Caw (in Middle Welsh texts and antiquarian works) and Gildas Sapiens (Gildas the Wise) – was a 6th-century British monk best known for his religious polemic De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae, which recounts the history of the Britons before and during the coming of the Saxons. He is one of the best-documented figures of the Christian church in the British Isles during the sub-Roman period, and was renowned for his Biblical knowledge and literary style. In his later life, he emigrated to Brittany, where he founded a monastery known as Saint-Gildas-de-Rhuys.
CETME
CETME (Spanish: Centro de Estudios Técnicos de Materiales Especiales, lit. 'Centre for Technical Studies of Special Materials') is a Spanish government design and development establishment. While being involved in many projects CETME was mostly known for its small arms research and development. The Spanish government hired former semiautomatic weapon designers from the Third Reich for the organization.

The CETME Model 58 and CETME Model L are its most notable projects. CETME also designed the CETME C2 9mm submachine gun, and the CETME Ameli light machine gun in 5.56×45mm NATO.

Battle rifle
A battle rifle is a service rifle chambered to fire a fully powered cartridge.

The term "battle rifle" is a retronym created largely out of a need to differentiate automatic rifles chambered for fully powered cartridges from automatic rifles chambered for intermediate cartridges, which were later categorized as assault rifles. Battle rifles were most prominent from the 1940s to the 1970s, when they were used as service rifles. While modern battle rifles largely resemble modern assault rifle designs, which replaced battle rifles in most roles, the term may also describe older military full-power semi-automatic rifles such as the M1 Garand, SVT-40, Gewehr 41, Gewehr 43, Type 4, FN Model 1949, and MAS-49.
Village development committee (Nepal)
A village development committee (Nepali: गाउँ विकास समिति; gāum̐ vikās samiti) in Nepal was the lower administrative part of its Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development. Each district had several VDCs, similar to municipalities but with greater public-government interaction and administration. There were 3,157 village development committees in Nepal. Each village development committee was further divided into several wards (Nepali: वडा) depending on the population of the district, the average being nine wards.

Shambhunath
Shambhunath Municipality is a Town in Saptari District in the Sagarmatha Zone of south-eastern Nepal. Merging the existing Khoksar Parbaha, Shambhunath, Mohanpur, Bhangha, Basbalpur and Rampur Jamuwa village development committee this new municipality was formed on 18 May 2014. Kathauna Bazar is now finally head office of this new municipality . At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5168 people living in 933 individual households.
2010–11 Slovak Cup
The 2010–11 Slovak Cup was the forty-second season of Slovakia's annual knock-out football cup competition and the eighteenth since the independence of Slovakia. It began on 23 August 2010 and will ended on 8 May 2011 with the final. As the 22nd ranked league system using the UEFA coefficient, the winners of the competition will earn a place in the third qualifying round of the UEFA Europa League.

ŠK Slovan Bratislava won the cup after beating Žilina 5–4 on penalties.

2012–13 Slovak Cup
The 2012–13 Slovak Cup, also known as Slovnaft Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the 44th edition of the competition. 43 clubs participated in the tournament. The winners of the competition, ŠK Slovan Bratislava, as the 2013–14 Slovak First Football League champion qualified for the second qualifying round of the 2013–14 UEFA Champions League. The Slovak Cup runner-up team, MŠK Žilina, qualified for the first qualifying round of the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League.
Slade School of Fine Art
The UCL Slade School of Fine Art (informally The Slade) is the art school of University College London (UCL) and is based in London, England. It has been ranked as the UK's top art and design educational institution. The school is organised as a department of UCL's Faculty of Arts and Humanities.

John Nash (artist)
John Northcote Nash CBE, RA (11 April 1893 – 23 September 1977) was a British painter of landscapes and still-lifes, and a wood engraver and illustrator, particularly of botanic works. He was the younger brother of the artist Paul Nash.
2010 Russian census
The 2010 Russian census (Russian: Всеросси́йская пе́репись населе́ния 2010 го́да) was the second census of the Russian Federation population after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Preparations for the census began in 2007 and it took place between October 14 and October 25.

Slantsevsky District
Slantsevsky District (Russian: Сла́нцевский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast and borders with Ida-Viru County of Estonia in the west, Kingiseppsky District in the north, Volosovsky District in the northeast, Luzhsky District in the east, Plyussky District of Pskov Oblast in the south, and Gdovsky District, also of Pskov Oblast, in the southwest. The area of the district is 2,191.1 square kilometers (846.0 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Slantsy. Population (excluding the administrative center): 10,038 (2010 census); 10,480 (2002 Census); 10,974 (1989 Soviet census).
BET Her
BET Her is an American basic cable television network currently owned by the BET Media Group subsidiary of Paramount Skydance's CBS Entertainment Group.

The channel originally launched in 1996 as BET on Jazz, a spin-off from BET with a focus on jazz music programming targeting African Americans. By 2006, the network's name was shortened to BET J and was carrying a broader array of music-based, demographic-centric general-interest programming. In 2009, the network relaunched as Centric, with a focus on lifestyle and music programming targeting an upscale audience. Centric would be re-positioned as a general entertainment brand targeting women by 2014, and in 2017, the network would be relaunched under its current name.

As of November 2023, BET Her is available to approximately 33,000,000 pay television households in the United States; down from its 2017 peak of 51,000,000 households.

Dabl
Dabl (/ˈdæbəl/) is an American digital multicast television network owned by the CBS Media Ventures subsidiary of Paramount Skydance Corporation and operated by Weigel Broadcasting.

Dabl launched in September 2019 with a female-targeted lifestyle format. It aired reruns of cooking shows, home renovation shows, Undercover Boss, and more (see full list below under 'former programming').

In December 2023, Paramount transferred management duties to Weigel. The network switched to airing Black sitcoms (sourced mainly from the Paramount library at first, plus other companies later including Warner Bros. Discovery) from the mid-1990s through the early to mid-2010s.
RCA Records
RCA Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Group Corporation. It is one of Sony Music's four flagship labels, alongside Columbia Records (RCA's former longtime rival), Arista Records and Epic Records. The label has released multiple genres of music, including pop, classical, rock, hip hop, afrobeat, electronic, R&B, blues, jazz, and country. The label's name is derived from its defunct parent company, the Radio Corporation of America (RCA).

After the RCA Corporation was purchased by General Electric in 1986, GE sold its remaining interest in RCA Records to Bertelsmann in 1987, making it a part of Bertelsmann Music Group (BMG); following the merger of BMG and Sony in 2004, RCA Records became a label of Sony BMG Music Entertainment. In 2008, after the dissolution of Sony BMG and the restructuring of Sony Music, RCA Records became fully owned by Sony.

RCA Records is the corporate successor of the Victor Talking Machine Company.

DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince
DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince were an American hip hop duo from West Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, consisting of the rapper and actor Will Smith (the Fresh Prince) and the turntablist Jeff Townes (DJ Jazzy Jeff).

Active from 1986 to 1994 and occasionally thereafter, they were the third rap group in recording history to receive platinum certification, after Run-DMC and the Beastie Boys. They received the first Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance in 1989 for "Parents Just Don't Understand" (1988). Their most successful single was "Summertime" (1991), which earned them their second Grammy and reached number 4 on the Billboard Hot 100.

DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince have sold over 5.5 million albums in the US. Their most recent performance was in November 2023. Smith and Townes have also made songs under Smith's solo performer credit.
Hesse
Hesse or Hessen (German: Hessen [ˈhɛsn̩] ⓘ), officially the State of Hesse (German: Land Hessen), is a state in Germany. Its capital city is Wiesbaden, and the largest urban area is Frankfurt, which is also the country's principal financial centre. Two other major historic cities are Darmstadt and Kassel. With an area of 21,114.73 square kilometers and a population of over six million, it ranks seventh and fifth, respectively, among the sixteen German states. Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Germany's second-largest metropolitan area (after Rhine-Ruhr), is mainly located in Hesse.

As a cultural region, Hesse also includes the area known as Rhenish Hesse (Rheinhessen) in the neighboring state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

Hofgeismar
Hofgeismar (German pronunciation: [hoːfˈɡaɪsmaʁ] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Kassel, in northern Hesse, Germany. It is located 25 km north of Kassel on the German Timber-Frame Road. In 1978 and in 2015, the town hosted the 18th Hessentag state festival.
Red Wing, Minnesota
Red Wing is a city in and the county seat of Goodhue County, Minnesota, United States, along the upper Mississippi River. The population was 16,547 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area.

The federal government established a Mdewakanton Sioux Indian reservation—now Prairie Island Indian Community—in 1936 along the Mississippi River. The city of Red Wing developed around it.

The National Trust for Historic Preservation placed Red Wing on its 2008 distinctive destinations list because of its "impressive architecture and enviable natural environment".

Northfield, Minnesota
Northfield is a city in Rice County, Minnesota, United States. A small portion lies in the adjacent Dakota County. The population was 20,790 at the 2020 census. Northfield is 40 mi (64 km) south of the downtowns of Minneapolis and St. Paul and is an exurb of the Minneapolis–St. Paul metropolitan area. It is home to two private liberal arts colleges, Carleton College and St. Olaf College.
Square matrix
In mathematics, a square matrix is a matrix with the same number of rows and columns. An n-by-n matrix is known as a square matrix of order . Any two square matrices of the same order can be added and multiplied.

Square matrices are often used to represent simple linear transformations, such as shearing or rotation. For example, if  is a square matrix representing a rotation (rotation matrix) and  is a column vector describing the position of a point in space, the product  yields another column vector describing the position of that point after that rotation. If  is a row vector, the same transformation can be obtained using , where  is the transpose of .

Matrix similarity
In linear algebra, two n-by-n matrices A and B are called similar if there exists an invertible n-by-n matrix P such that

Two matrices are similar if and only if they represent the same linear map under two possibly different bases, with P being the change-of-basis matrix.

A transformation A ↦ P−1AP is called a similarity transformation or conjugation of the matrix A.  In the general linear group, similarity is therefore the same as conjugacy, and similar matrices are also called conjugate; however, in a given subgroup H of the general linear group, the notion of conjugacy may be more restrictive than similarity, since it requires that P be chosen to lie in H.
Guaymas
Guaymas (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈgwaj.mas]) is a city in Guaymas Municipality, in the southwest part of the state of Sonora, in northwestern Mexico. The city is 134 kilometres (83 mi) south of the state capital of Hermosillo, and 389 kilometres (242 mi) from the U.S. border. The municipality's formal name is Guaymas de Zaragoza and the city's formal name is the Heroica Ciudad de Guaymas.

The city proper is mostly an industrial port and is the principal port for the state of Sonora. The city has a well-attended annual carnival, which has been held since 1888. Nearby, San Carlos and its beaches are major tourist attractions.

San Blas, Nayarit
San Blas is both a municipality and municipal seat located on the Pacific coast of Mexico in Nayarit.

In 2023, the town of San Blas was designated a Pueblo Mágico by the Mexican government, recognizing its cultural and historical importance.
J. B. M. Hertzog
General James Barry Munnik Hertzog KC (3 April 1866 – 21 November 1942), better known as Barry Hertzog or  J. B. M. Hertzog, was a South African politician and soldier. He was a Boer general during the Second Boer War who served as the third prime minister of the Union of South Africa from 1924 to 1939. Hertzog advocated for the development of Afrikaner culture and was determined to prevent Afrikaners from being excessively influenced by British culture. He founded the National Party in 1914.

In 1941, Hertzog, who had resigned after South Africa - against his efforts - entered World War II on the side of the Allies, issued a statement in which he openly praised Nazism and said it needed to be adapted to South African needs under a fascist dictatorship.

Afrikaner Broederbond
The Afrikaner Broederbond (AB) or simply the Broederbond was an exclusively Afrikaner Calvinist and male secret society in South Africa dedicated to the advancement of the Afrikaner people. It was founded by H. J. Klopper, H.W. van der Merwe, D. H. C. du Plessis and the Rev. Jozua Naudé in 1918 as Jong Zuid Afrika (Dutch: Young South Africa) until 1920, when it was renamed the Broederbond. Its influence within South African political and social life came to a climax with the 1948-1994 rule of the white supremacist National Party and its policy of apartheid, which was largely developed and implemented by Broederbond members. Between 1948 and 1994, many prominent figures of Afrikaner political, cultural, and religious life, including every leader of the South African government, were members of the Afrikaner Broederbond.
Mineral Wells, Texas
Mineral Wells is a city in Palo Pinto and Parker Counties in the U.S. state of Texas. Its population was 14,820 at the 2020 census. The city is named for mineral wells in the area, which were highly popular in the early 1900s.

U.S. Route 281 in Texas
U.S. Route 281 (US 281) is a United States Numbered Highway that runs from Brownsville near the Mexican border in the Rio Grande Valley to the Canadian border near Dunseith, North Dakota. In the state of Texas, the highway is a major south–north corridor, connecting Brownsville to the Oklahoma state line at the Red River in Burkburnett. Several segments of U.S. 281 are concurrent with Interstate routes, including I-69C in the Rio Grande Valley, I-37 in San Antonio, and I-44 north of Wichita Falls.