hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
MEK inhibitor
A MEK inhibitor is a chemical or drug that inhibits the mitogen-activated protein kinase enzymes MEK1 and/or MEK2.
They can be used to affect the MAPK/ERK pathway which is often overactive in some cancers. (See MAPK/ERK pathway#Clinical significance.)

Hence MEK inhibitors have potential for treatment of some cancers, especially BRAF-mutated melanoma, and KRAS/BRAF mutated colorectal cancer.

Dabrafenib
Dabrafenib, sold under the brand name Tafinlar among others, is an anti-cancer medication used for the treatment of cancers associated with a mutated version of the gene BRAF. Dabrafenib acts as an inhibitor of the associated enzyme B-Raf, which plays a role in the regulation of cell growth.

The most common side effects include papilloma (warts), headache, nausea, vomiting, hyperkeratosis (thickening and toughening of the skin), hair loss, rash, joint pain, fever and tiredness. When taken in combination with trametinib, the most common side effects include fever, tiredness, nausea, chills, headache, diarrhea, vomiting, joint pain and rash.

Dabrafenib was approved for medical use in the United States in May 2013, and in the European Union in August 2013.
Jim Shooter
James Charles Shooter (September 27, 1951 – June 30, 2025) was an American writer, editor and publisher in the comics industry. Beginning his career writing for DC Comics at the age of 14, he had a successful but controversial run as editor-in-chief at Marvel Comics, and launched comics publishers Valiant, Defiant, and Broadway.

Star Wars (1977 comic book)
Star Wars is a comic book series published by Marvel Comics from April 12, 1977 to May 27, 1986. Featuring classic Star Wars characters Luke Skywalker, Princess Leia, Han Solo, Chewbacca, C-3PO, and R2-D2, the first six issues adapt the May 1977 film Star Wars. The series chronicled their subsequent adventures for 107 issues and three annuals, including a six-issue adaptation of the 1980 sequel film The Empire Strikes Back in 1980–1981.
In 2019, the series was revived for a single issue.
Norddeutscher Rundfunk
Norddeutscher Rundfunk (pronounced [ˈnɔʁtˌdɔʏtʃɐ ˈʁʊntfʊŋk]; "North German Broadcasting"), commonly shortened to NDR (pronounced [ˌɛndeːˈʔɛʁ] ⓘ), is a public radio and television broadcaster, based in Hamburg. In addition to the city-state of Hamburg, NDR broadcasts for the German states of Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Schleswig-Holstein. NDR is a member of ARD, the joint organisation of German public broadcasters.

Deutschlandfunk Kultur
Deutschlandfunk Kultur (DLF Kultur or DKultur; German: [ˈdɔʏtʃlantˌfʊŋk kʊlˈtuːɐ̯] ⓘ) is a culture-oriented radio station and part of Deutschlandradio (DLR), a set of three national radio stations in Germany. Initially named DeutschlandRadio Berlin, the station was renamed Deutschlandradio Kultur on 1 April 2005.  The present name was adopted on 1 May 2017.

The station's studios are in what was the RIAS building at Hans-Rosenthal-Platz in Schöneberg, Berlin.
Analytic function
In mathematics, an analytic function is a function that is locally given by a convergent power series. There exist both real analytic functions and complex analytic functions. Functions of each type are infinitely differentiable, but complex analytic functions exhibit properties that do not generally hold for real analytic functions.

A function is analytic if and only if for every  in its domain, its Taylor series about  converges to the function in some neighborhood of ⁠⁠. This is stronger than merely being infinitely differentiable at ⁠⁠, and therefore having a well-defined Taylor series; the Fabius function is an example of a function that is infinitely differentiable but not analytic.

Unit disk
In mathematics, the open unit disk (or disc) around P (where P is a given point in the plane), is the set of points whose distance from P is less than 1:

The closed unit disk around P is the set of points whose distance from P is less than or equal to one:

Unit disks are special cases of disks and unit balls; as such, they contain the interior of the unit circle and, in the case of the closed unit disk, the unit circle itself.

Without further specifications, the term unit disk is used for the open unit disk about the origin, , with respect to the standard Euclidean metric. It is the interior of a circle of radius 1, centered at the origin. This set can be identified with the set of all complex numbers of absolute value less than one. When viewed as a subset of the complex plane (C), the open unit disk is often denoted . Unlike the notationally similar circle group , the (open) unit disk is not a multiplicative group.
Seventeen (American magazine)
Seventeen is an American bimonthly teen fashion magazine headquartered in New York City. The publication targets a demographic of 11-to-21-year-old females and is owned by Hearst Magazines. Established in 1944, the magazine originally aimed to inspire teen girls to become model workers and citizens. However, it soon shifted its focus to a more fashion- and romance-oriented approach while still emphasizing the importance of self-confidence in young women. Alongside its primary themes, Seventeen also reports the latest news about celebrities.

Variety (magazine)
Variety is an American trade magazine owned by Penske Media Corporation. It was founded by Sime Silverman in New York City in 1905 as a weekly newspaper reporting on theater and vaudeville. In 1933, Daily Variety was launched, based in Los Angeles, to cover the motion-picture industry. Variety's website features entertainment news, reviews, box office results, plus a credits database, production charts and film calendar.
Hot Country Songs
Hot Country Songs is a chart published weekly by Billboard magazine in the United States.

This 50-position chart lists the most popular country music songs, calculated weekly by collecting airplay data along with digital sales and streaming.

The current number-one song on the chart as of February 28, 2026, is "Choosin' Texas" by Ella Langley.

Honey Bee (song)
"Honey Bee" is a song written by Rhett Akins and Ben Hayslip and recorded by American country music artist Blake Shelton. It was released in April 2011 as the first single from Shelton's 2011 album Red River Blue. The song reached number one on the US Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in June 2011. On November 30, the song received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Country Solo Performance, but it lost to Taylor Swift's "Mean".
Italian Open (tennis)
The Italian Open (Italian: Internazionali d'Italia; currently branded as the Internazionali BNL d'Italia for sponsorship reasons), also known as the Rome Masters, is an annual professional tennis tournament held in Rome, Italy. It is played on clay courts at the Foro Italico, and is held during the second week of May. The tournament is part of the ATP 1000 events on the ATP Tour and part of the WTA 1000 events on the WTA Tour. The two events were combined in 2011.

Jelena Janković
Jelena Janković (Serbian Cyrillic: Јелена Јанковић, Serbian pronunciation: [jělena jǎːŋkoʋitɕ]; born 28 February 1985) is a Serbian former professional tennis player. She was ranked as the world No. 1 in women's singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for 18 weeks, including as the year-end No. 1 in 2008. Janković won 15 WTA Tour-level singles titles and two doubles titles, including the 2007 Wimbledon mixed-doubles title partnering Jamie Murray. Her career-best major performance in singles was a runner-up finish at the 2008 US Open.
Ivars Godmanis
Ivars Godmanis (born 27 November 1951) is a Latvian politician who served as the Prime Minister of Latvia from 1990 to 1993 and again from 2007 to 2009. He was the first prime minister of Latvia after the country restored its independence from the Soviet Union.

2010 Latvian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Latvia on 2 October 2010. It was the first parliamentary election to be held in Latvia since the beginning of the 2008 Latvian financial crisis during which Latvia had experienced one of the deepest recessions in the world.

A total of 1,239 candidates representing 13 parties or alliances stood in five electoral constituencies equivalent to the four regions of Latvia and Riga city. With 1012 of 1013 polling stations counted, results showed an increase in support for the incumbent coalition government of Valdis Dombrovskis, with 58% of the vote and 63 of the 100 seats.
Catalans Dragons
The Catalans Dragons (French: Dragons Catalans, Catalan: Dracs Catalans) are a professional rugby league club from Perpignan, Pyrénées-Orientales department, France. Despite being based in France, the club competes in Super League, the top tier of the British rugby league.

Formed after the merger of XIII Catalan and AS Saint-Estève, they have won one French Championship and two Lord Derby Cups. In Britain they have never won the League Championship but have won the Challenge Cup once.

Catalans play home games at Stade Gilbert Brutus. Their traditional home colours are white red and gold.

2020 Super League Grand Final
The 2020 Super League Grand Final was the 23rd official Grand Final and championship-deciding game of Super League XXV. The game was won 8–4 by St Helens over their local rivals Wigan Warriors. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it was the first Super League Grand Final not held at Old Trafford.
Saginaw County, Michigan
Saginaw County (SAG-ə-naw) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 190,124. The county seat is Saginaw. The county was created by September 10, 1822, and was fully organized on February 9, 1835. The etymology of the county's name is uncertain. It may be derived from Sace-nong or Sak-e-nong (English: Sauk land), as the Sauk (French: Sac) tribe is believed by some to have once lived there. A more likely possibility is that it comes from Ojibwe words meaning "place of the outlet" –sag (English: an opening) and ong (English: place of). See List of Michigan county name etymologies.

Saginaw County comprises the Saginaw, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Saginaw-Midland-Bay City Combined Statistical Area, the 5th largest metropolitan area in Michigan.

Saginaw River
The Saginaw River is a 22.4-mile-long (36.0 km) river in the U.S. state of Michigan.  It is formed by the confluence of the Tittabawassee and Shiawassee rivers southwest of Saginaw. It flows northward into the Saginaw Bay of Lake Huron, passing through the cities of Saginaw and Bay City, both of which developed around it in the 19th century. The watershed area is 8,595 square miles (22,260 km2). At its mouth, the river's estimated average discharge is 4,827 cubic feet per second (136.7 m3/s).

The river is an important shipping route for Mid-Michigan, passing through the cities of Saginaw and Bay City. It is one of Michigan's few inland navigable rivers. The Saginaw River Rear Range Light, one of a pair of lighthouses built in 1876 to improve navigation, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. Since the turn of the 21st century, it is being renovated.
Cumberland County, Virginia
Cumberland County is a quiet, rural United States county located near the geographic center of the Commonwealth of Virginia.  The county's population is 9,675, as of the 2020 census, and the county seat is the small town of Cumberland.

The county was created in 1749 from part of Goochland County, and was named in honor of  Prince William Augustus, the Duke of Cumberland at the time.  In April 1776, it became the first Virginia county to call for independence from Great Britain.

Tidewater and Western Railroad
The Farmville and Powhatan Railroad went bankrupt in 1905 and became the Tidewater and Western Railroad.  The line survived until 1917 when it was pulled up and sent to France for the World War I effort.  The Tidewater and Western Railroad carried freight and passengers along a route from Farmville, Virginia to Bermuda Hundred.  The Tidewater and Western Railroad continued to have Western Union Telegraphs run along the rails. These connected to telegraphs on the Atlantic Coast Line along the East Coast of the US and to Europe.
Netflix
Netflix is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service. The service primarily distributes original and acquired films and television shows from various genres. It is available internationally in multiple languages.

Launched in 2007, nearly a decade after Netflix, Inc. began its pioneering DVD-by-mail movie rental service, Netflix is the most-subscribed video on demand streaming media service, with 325 million paid memberships in more than 190 countries as of 2026. By 2022, "Netflix Original" productions accounted for half of its library in the United States and the namesake company had ventured into other categories, such as video game publishing of mobile games through its flagship service. As of 2025, Netflix is the 18th most-visited website in the world, with 21.18% of its traffic coming from the United States, followed by the United Kingdom at 6.01%, Canada at 4.94%, and Brazil at 4.24%.

Born for the Spotlight
Born for the Spotlight (Chinese: 影后) is a 2024 Taiwanese drama series directed and co-written by Yen Yi-wen. Starring Hsieh Ying-xuan, Cheryl Yang, and Hsueh Shih-ling, the series revolves around the stardom of actresses in Taiwan’s entertainment industry. The series consists of 12 episodes and had its world premiere of the first three episodes at the 29th Busan International Film Festival, followed by a release on Netflix on 7 November 2024.
Canal 10 (Uruguay)
Channel 10 (Canal Diez, legally known as SAETA TV Canal 10) is a Uruguayan free-to-air television network based in Montevideo. It began broadcasting in 1956 as the first television broadcaster in the country and the fourth in Latin America. Its owned and operated by Sociedad Anónima Emisora de Emisión Televisión y Anexos (Spanish for 'Public Limited Company Broadcasting Television Broadcasting and Annexes'). The network's headquarters are in the Palermo neighbourhood.

Claudia Fernández
Claudia Fabiana Fernández Viera (born 22 June 1976) is a Uruguayan award-winning television presenter, fashion model, actress and businesswoman. Born in Punta de Rieles – Bella Italia, Montevideo she began her career as a model in her teens and participated in numerous advertising campaigns. In the late 1990s, she began working on television, on the show Dale que Podés. She also participated in the reality show Bailando por un Sueño, and in the talk show Animales Sueltos, both in Argentina.
Oceanography
Oceanography (from Ancient Greek  ὠκεανός (ōkeanós) 'ocean' and  γραφή (graphḗ) 'writing'), also known as oceanology, sea science, ocean science, and marine science, is the scientific study of the ocean, including its physics, chemistry, biology, and geology.

It is an Earth science, which covers a wide range of topics, including ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics;  fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries; ecosystem dynamics; and plate tectonics and seabed geology.

Oceanographers draw upon a wide range of disciplines to deepen their understanding of the world’s oceans, incorporating insights from astronomy, biology, chemistry, geography, geology, hydrology, meteorology and physics.

RV Calypso
RV Calypso is a former British Royal Navy minesweeper converted into a research vessel for the oceanographic researcher Jacques Cousteau, equipped with a mobile laboratory for underwater field research. She was severely damaged in 1996 and was planned to undergo a complete refurbishment in 2009–2011 that has not been accomplished. The ship is named after the Greek mythological figure Calypso.
Alfred Hitchcock Presents
Alfred Hitchcock Presents is an American television anthology series created, hosted and produced by Alfred Hitchcock, airing on CBS and NBC, alternately, between 1955 and 1965. It features dramas, thrillers, and mysteries. In 1962, it was renamed The Alfred Hitchcock Hour. Hitchcock directed only 17 episodes during its run.

By the time the show premiered on October 2, 1955, Hitchcock had been directing films for over three decades. In the 21st century, Time magazine named Alfred Hitchcock Presents as one of "The 100 Best TV Shows of All Time". The Writers Guild of America ranked it #79 on their list of the 101 Best-Written TV Series, tying it with Monty Python's Flying Circus, Star Trek: The Next Generation and Upstairs, Downstairs. In 2021, Rolling Stone ranked it 18th on its list of 30 Best Horror TV Shows of All Time.

Sea Hunt
Sea Hunt is an American action adventure television series that aired in syndication from 1958 to 1961 and was popular for decades afterwards. The series originally aired for four seasons, with 155 episodes produced. It stars Lloyd Bridges as former Navy diver Mike Nelson, and was produced by Ivan Tors.
Pope Gregory IX
Pope Gregory IX (Latin: Gregorius IX; born Ugolino di Conti; 1145 – 22 August 1241) was head of the Catholic Church and the ruler of the Papal States from 19 March 1227 until his death in 1241. He is known for issuing the Decretales and instituting the Papal Inquisition, in response to the failures of the episcopal inquisitions established during the time of Pope Lucius III, by means of the papal bull Ad abolendam, issued in 1184.

He worked initially as a cardinal, and after becoming the successor of Honorius III, he fully inherited the traditions of Gregory VII and of his own cousin Innocent III, and zealously continued their policy of papal supremacy.

Henry (VII) of Germany
Henry (VII) (1211 – 12 February 1242), a member of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, was King of Sicily from 1212 until 1217 and King of Germany (formally Rex Romanorum) from 1222 until 1235, as son and king, co-ruler of Emperor Frederick II. He was the seventh Henry to rule Germany, but in order to avoid confusion with the Luxembourg emperor Henry VII, he is usually numbered Henry (VII).
2-4-0
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-4-0 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles and no trailing wheels. In most of North America it became known as a Porter.

The notation 2-4-0T indicates a tank locomotive of this wheel arrangement, on which its water and fuel is carried on board the engine itself, rather than in an attached tender. A subset is 2-4-0WT, a configuration in which the water is under the bolier in a well tank.

Joseph Armstrong (engineer)
Joseph Armstrong (born Bewcastle, Cumberland, 21 September 1816, died Matlock Bath 5 June 1877) was an English locomotive engineer and the second locomotive superintendent of the Great Western Railway. His younger brother George and one of his sons ("Young Joe") also became outstanding engineers in the employment of the GWR.
Death by burning
Death by burning, also called immolation, is an execution, murder, or suicide method involving combustion or exposure to extreme heat. It has a long history as a form of public capital punishment, and many societies have employed it as a punishment for and warning against crimes such as treason, heresy, and witchcraft. The best-known execution of this type is burning at the stake, where the condemned is bound to a large wooden stake and a fire lit beneath. A holocaust is a religious animal sacrifice that is completely consumed by fire, also known as a burnt offering. The word derives from the ancient Greek holokaustos, the form of sacrifice in which the victim was reduced to ash, as distinguished from an animal sacrifice that resulted in a communal meal.

There are documented executions by burning as early as the 18th century BC and as recently as 2016.

Konstanz
Konstanz (/ˈkɒnstənts/ KON-stənts, US also /ˈkɔːnstɑːnts/ KAWN-stahnts, German: [ˈkɔnʃtants] ⓘ or [ˈkɔnstants] ⓘ, Alemannic German: [ˈkoʃd̥əts, ˈxoʃd̥əts]), traditionally known as Constance in English, is a university city with approximately 83,000 inhabitants located at the western end of Upper Lake Constance in the Baden-Württemberg state of south Germany. The city houses the University of Konstanz and was the residence of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Konstanz for more than 1,200 years.
Zamorin
The Samoothiri (Anglicised as Zamorin; Malayalam: sāmūtiri, sāmūri, [saːmuː(d̪i)ɾi,], Arabic: sāmuri, Portuguese: Samorim, Dutch: Samorijn, Chinese: Shamitihsi) was the title of the erstwhile ruler and monarch of the Calicut kingdom in the South Malabar region of India. Originating from the former feudal kingdom of Nediyiruppu Swaroopam, the Samoothiris and their vassal kings from Nilambur Kovilakam established Calicut as one of the most important trading ports on the southwest coast of India. At the peak of their reign, they ruled over a region extending from Kozhikode Kollam to the forested borders of Panthalayini Kollam (Koyilandy). The Samoothiris belonged to the Eradi subcaste of the Samantan community of colonial Kerala, and were originally the ruling chiefs of Eranad. The final Zamorin of Calicut committed suicide by setting fire to his palace and burning himself alive inside it, upon learning that Hyder Ali had captured the neighboring country of Chirakkal in Kannur.

Portuguese India Armadas
The Portuguese Indian Armadas (Portuguese: Armadas da Índia; meaning "Armadas of India") were the fleets of ships funded by the Crown of Portugal, and dispatched on an annual basis from Portugal to India. The principal destination was Goa, and previously Cochin. These armadas undertook the Carreira da Índia ('India Run') from Portugal, following the maritime discovery of the Cape route, to the Indian subcontinent by Vasco da Gama in 1497–99.

The annual Portuguese India armada was the main carrier of the spice trade between Europe and Asia during the 16th Century. The Portuguese monopoly on the Cape route was maintained for a century, until it was breached by Dutch and English competition in the early 1600s. The Portuguese India armadas declined in importance thereafter. During the Dutch occupation of Cochin and the Dutch siege of Goa, the harbour of Bom Bahia, now known as Mumbai (Bombay), off the coast of the northern Konkan region, served as the standard diversion for the armadas.
Mediolanum
Mediolanum, the ancient city where Milan now stands, was originally an Insubrian city, but afterwards became an important Roman city in Northern Italy.

The city was settled by a Celtic tribe belonging to the Insubres group and belonging to the Golasecca culture under the name Medhelanon around 590 BC, conquered by the Romans in 222 BC, who Latinized the name of the city into Mediolanum, and developed into a key centre of Western Christianity and informal capital of the Western Roman Empire. It declined under the ravages of the Gothic War, its capture by the Lombards in 569, and their decision to make Ticinum the capital of their Kingdom of Italy.

During the Principate the population was 40,000 in AD 200; when the city became capital of the Western Roman Empire under emperor Maximian (r. 286–305), the population rose to 100,000 people and thus Milan became one of the largest cities in Roman Italy.

Aureolus
Aureolus was a Roman military commander during the reign of Emperor Gallienus before he attempted to usurp the Roman Empire. After turning against Gallienus, Aureolus was killed during the political turmoil that surrounded the Emperor's assassination in a conspiracy orchestrated by his senior officers. Aureolus is known as one of the Thirty Tyrants and is referenced in ancient sources including the Historia Augusta, Zonaras' epitome and Zosimus' Historia Nova.