hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Imperial German Army
The Imperial German Army (1871–1919), officially referred to as the German Army (German: Deutsches Heer), was the unified ground and air force of the German Empire. It was established in 1871 with the political unification of Germany under the leadership of Prussia, and was dissolved in 1919, after the defeat of the German Empire in World War I (1914–1918). In the Federal Republic of Germany, the term Deutsches Heer refers to the German Army, the land component of the Bundeswehr.

XIX (2nd Royal Saxon) Corps
The XIX (2nd Royal Saxon) Army Corps / XIX AK (German: XIX. (II. Königlich Sächsisches) Armee-Korps) was a Saxon corps level command of the German Army, before and during World War I.

As the German Army expanded in the latter part of the 19th century and early part of the 20th century, the XIX Army Corps was set up on 1 April 1899 in Leipzig as the Generalkommando (headquarters) for the western part of the Kingdom of Saxony (districts of Leipzig, Chemnitz and Zwickau).  It took over command of 24th (2nd Royal Saxon) Division from XII (1st Royal Saxon) Corps and the newly formed 40th (4th Royal Saxon) Division.

It was assigned to the II Army Inspectorate which formed the predominantly Saxon 3rd Army at the start of the First World War.  It was still in existence at the end of the war in the 19th Army, Heeresgruppe Herzog Albrecht von Württemberg on the Western Front.
Newsletter
A newsletter is a printed or electronic report  or news concerning the activities of a business or an organization, that is sent to its members, customers, employees or other subscribers, or a communication containing individuals' personal opinions or interests.

Newsletters generally contain one main topic of interest to its recipients and may be considered grey literature. E-newsletters are delivered electronically via e-mail and can be viewed as spamming if e-mail marketing is sent unsolicited.

The newsletter, sometimes a periodical, is the most common form of serial publication. About two-thirds of newsletters are internal publications, aimed towards employees and volunteers, while about one-third are external publications, aimed towards advocacy or special interest groups.

Brochure
A brochure is a promotional document used to introduce an organization, product, service, or event to prospective audiences. Traditionally produced as a folded paper piece (e.g., pamphlet or leaflet), brochures may also be distributed in digital formats.

Brochures are distributed through personal handouts, direct mail, inserts in newspapers or folders, and displays in brochure racks at high-traffic sites, especially in tourist areas. Although often used as a corporate marketing tool to promote products or services, brochures may also be classified as grey literature.
San Francisco F.C.
San Francisco Fútbol Club is a professional football team located in La Chorrera, Panamá, that plays in Liga Panameña de Fútbol, the top Panamanian football league. It has been in the top flight of Panamanian football every year since 1988, when Panama's first professional league was organized.  The club plays its games in Estadio Agustín Sánchez.

San Francisco has won 9 Liga Panameña de Fútbol championships, the third highest total of any team since 1988. The club has also finished second 9 times since 1988.

Alianza F.C. (Panama)
Alianza F.C. is a professional football club based in Panama City, Panama. Since 1999, it competes in Liga Panameña de Fútbol, the top tier of Panamanian football. The club was founded in 1963, and still owned by the Cardenas family.
Deon Kruis
Gideon Jacobus Kruis (born 9 May 1974), popularly known as Deon Kruis, is a South African first-class cricketer who played in England with Yorkshire County Cricket Club for five seasons from 2004 to 2009. His South African cricket has been for Northern Transvaal, Griqualand West and Eagles.

He is a right-handed batsman, and bowls right-arm fast-medium. At the end of the 2006 season he was one of Yorkshire's more successful bowlers helping them stay in Division 1 of the County Championship.

Kruis retired at the end of the 2009 season.

John Blain (cricketer)
John Angus Rae Blain (born 4 January 1979) is a Scottish first-class cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman, and a right-arm fast-medium pace bowler. In May 2019, he was inducted into Cricket Scotland's Hall of Fame. However, in July 2022, Blain was "temporarily suspended" from the hall of fame.
Anbyon station
Anbyŏn station is a railway station in Anbyŏn-ŭp, Anbyŏn County in Kangwŏn province, North Korea. It is located on the Kangwŏn Line, which connects Kowŏn to P'yŏnggang, and is the start of the Kŭmgangsan Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line, which runs to the Mount Kŭmgang Tourist Region and continues south across the DMZ to Chejin in South Korea, although the section between Kŭmgangsan and Chejin has been out of service since 2008.

Chōsen Government Railway
The Chōsen Government Railway (朝鮮總督府鐵道, Chōsen sōtokufu tetsudō) (Korean: 조선총독부 철도; RR: Joseon Chongdokbu Cheoldo) was a state-owned railway company in Korea during Japanese rule. It was also colloquially known by the abbreviated name Sentetsu (鮮鐵). It was the operational division of the Railway Bureau of the Government-General of Chōsen (朝鮮總督府鐵道局, Chōsen sōtokufu tetsudōkyoku; Korean: 철도국; RR: Cheoldoguk), which managed and operated railways in Chōsen, as well as supervised privately owned railway companies.
Antibes
Antibes (/ɒ̃ˈtiːb/, US also /ɑːnˈtiːbz/, French: [ɑ̃tib] ⓘ; Occitan: Antíbol [anˈtibu]) is a seaside resort city in the Alpes-Maritimes department in Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, Southeastern France. It is located on the French Riviera between Cannes and Nice; it is the largest yachting harbour in Europe. In 2023, the commune had a population of 77,637, making it Alpes-Maritimes's second-most populated after Nice.

Its cape, the Cap d'Antibes, along with Cap Ferrat in Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat to the northeast, are two major landforms in the area. The capes house the Hôtel du Cap-Eden-Roc and Grand-Hôtel du Cap-Ferrat respectively, widely considered two of the most exclusive hotels in the world. Culturally, Antibes is home to the Musée Picasso.

The resort town of Juan-les-Pins is in the commune of Antibes; the Sophia Antipolis technology park is northwest of it.

Agde
Agde (French: [aɡd], Occitan: [ˈadːe, ˈatːe]) is a resort town and commune in the southern French department of Hérault, Occitania. It is the Mediterranean port of the Canal du Midi. It is situated on an ancient basalt volcano, hence being nicknamed "Black Pearl of the Mediterranean".
Doctorate
A doctorate (from Latin doctor, meaning "teacher") or doctoral degree is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism licentia docendi ("licence to teach").

In most countries, a research degree qualifies the holder to teach at university level in the degree's field or work in a specific profession. There are a number of doctoral degrees; the most common is the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), awarded in many different fields, ranging from the humanities to scientific disciplines.

Many universities also award honorary doctorates to individuals deemed worthy of special recognition, either for scholarly work or other contributions to the university or society.

University of Salamanca
The University of Salamanca (Spanish: Universidad de Salamanca) is a public research university in Salamanca, Spain. Founded in 1218 by King Alfonso IX, it is the oldest university in the Hispanic world and the fourth oldest in the world in continuous operation. It has over 30,000 students from 50 nationalities.
Scotty Munro Memorial Trophy
The Scotty Munro Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the regular season champion of the Western Hockey League. It is named after one of the league's founders, Scotty Munro. Munro served as the general manager of the Estevan Bruins, one of the league's founding franchises, and later as the head coach and general manager of the Calgary Centennials.

Edmonton Oil Kings
The Edmonton Oil Kings are a Canadian junior ice hockey team based in Edmonton, Alberta, that play in the Western Hockey League (WHL). The team, founded in 2006, shares an ownership group with the National Hockey League's Edmonton Oilers. The team is the fourth WHL team based in Edmonton, and its identity connects to the original Oil Kings club, which was one of the league's founding franchises in 1966. The Oil Kings are three-time WHL champions and won the 2014 Memorial Cup.
Sportsnet World
Sportsnet World is a Canadian English language discretionary digital cable and satellite specialty channel owned by Rogers Sports & Media, a subsidiary of Rogers Communications operating as a national sports channel complementing the Sportsnet group of regional sports networks. The channel was launched in August 10, 2007 as a Canadian version of  Setanta Sports as a joint venture between UK-based Setanta Sports and Rogers Media. In 2011, Rogers acquired the stake of Setanta relaunching the channel to its current name.

Sportsnet World primarily airs Rugby Union, Rugby league and association football.

OSN Sports
OSN Sports (formerly known as ShowSports) was a Pan Arab satellite sports television network owned by Orbit Showtime Network. First launched in early April 2007, it operated eight HD channels: OSN Sports Action 1, OSN Sports Action 2, OSN Sports 3, OSN Sports 4, OSN Sports 5, OSN Sports Cricket, OSN WWE Network and OSN Fight Network.

On March 31, 2019, all OSN Sports channels were shut down. OSN continued to broadcast cricket on a new channel, OSN Cric. On July 15, 2019, OSN Cric was shut down.
Quarterback
The quarterback (QB) is a position in gridiron football who is a member of the offensive side of the ball and usually lines up directly behind the offensive line. In modern American football, the quarterback is usually considered the leader of the offense, and is often responsible for calling the play in the huddle. The quarterback also touches the ball on almost every offensive play, and is almost always the offensive player that throws forward passes. When the QB is tackled behind the line of scrimmage, it is called a sack. The position is also colloquially known as the "signal caller" and "field general". The quarterback is widely considered the most important position in American football, and one of the most important positions in all team sports.

Matt Schaub
Matthew Rutledge Schaub (SHOB; born June 25, 1981) is an American professional football coach and former quarterback who is the quarterbacks coach for the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Virginia Cavaliers and was selected by the Atlanta Falcons in the third round of the 2004 NFL draft.

After spending his first three professional seasons with the Atlanta Falcons as a backup, Schaub was traded to the Houston Texans in 2007, where he spent the next seven seasons as a starter and was selected to two Pro Bowls. He then had stints as a backup with the Oakland Raiders and Baltimore Ravens in 2014 and 2015, respectively. He then returned to the Falcons in 2016, where he remained a backup for his final five seasons in the NFL. Schaub began his NFL coaching career in 2023 an analyst for the Atlanta Falcons and was hired by the Cardinals as their quarterbacks coach in 2026.
NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series
The  NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series (NOAPS) is a stock car racing series organized by NASCAR. It is the company's second national division, behind the NASCAR Cup Series and in front of NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series. NOAPS events are frequently held as a support race on the day prior to a Cup Series event scheduled for that weekend.

The series was previously called the Budweiser Late Model Sportsman Series in 1982 and 1983, the NASCAR Busch Grand National Series from 1984 through 2002, the NASCAR Busch Series from 2003 through 2007, the NASCAR Nationwide Series from 2008 through 2014, and the NASCAR Xfinity Series from 2015 to 2025. Under the Xfinity name, it was sponsored by Comcast via its consumer cable and wireless brand. O'Reilly Auto Parts assumed title sponsorship in 2026.

Jennifer Jo Cobb
Jennifer Jo Cobb (born June 12, 1973) is an American professional stock car racing driver and team owner. She last competed part-time in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, driving the No. 10 truck for her own team, Jennifer Jo Cobb Racing. She has also previously competed in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, ARCA Menards Series and the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series.
Featherstone
Featherstone is a town and civil parish in the City of Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England, two miles south-west of Pontefract. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, in 2011 it had a population of 15,244. Featherstone railway station is on the Pontefract Line.

Wakefield Trinity
Wakefield Trinity is a professional rugby league club in Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England. The club play their home fixtures at the DIY Kitchen Stadium, Belle Vue and currently compete in the Super League, the top tier of the British rugby league system.

The club was one of the original twenty-two clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895. They have won the League Championship twice and Challenge Cup five times.

Wakefield have local rivalries with Castleford Tigers and Featherstone Rovers as well as Leeds Rhinos. Their traditional kit colours are white with a red or blue V. Between 1999 and 2016 the club was known as Wakefield Trinity Wildcats.
Japanese submarine I-53 (1925)
I-53, later I-153 (伊号第五三潜水艦, I-gō Dai-Hyaku-gojūsan sensuikan), later I-153 , was an Imperial Japanese Navy Kaidai-class cruiser submarine of the KD3A sub-class commissioned in 1927. During World War II, she supported Japanese forces during the invasion of British Malaya in December 1941 and the Dutch East Indies campaign in early 1942. She served as a training submarine until she was hulked in January 1944. She surrendered to the Allies at the end of the war in 1945. She was either scuttled in 1946 or scrapped in 1948.

Fleet Review (Japan)
Both the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) and the Japan Coast Guard (JCG) has hosted Fleet Reviews on a regular basis in Sagami Bay since 1956. The fleet review continues the tradition of triennial fleet reviews held by the Imperial Japanese Navy from 1868 to 1940.
Ceylonese Mudaliyars
Mudaliyar (or Mudali) was a Ceylonese colonial title during Portuguese and British rule of the island. Stemming from the native headman system, the title was usually hereditary, made to wealthy influential families loyal to the British Crown.

It was first used by Sinhalese kings and reigning princes from the Polonnaruwa period onwards to ennoble subjects, the Portuguese from the 17th century onwards, followed by the Dutch and British continued use of the Mudaliyar title. The British use differed slightly in that they re-established a Mudaliyar class, at the behest of the Governor of Ceylon, with appointments that had the title of Mudali. This process was stopped in the 1930s when the Native Department of the British government of Ceylon was closed down.

The members of this group formed a unique social group called the Sri Lankan Mudaliyars and associated with older Radala caste. At present, the post of Court Mudliar remains in function in Sri Lankan courts.

Dutch Ceylon
Dutch Ceylon (Sinhala: ලන්දේසි ලංකාව; Tamil: ஒல்லாந்த இலங்கை) was a governorate established in present-day Sri Lanka by the Dutch East India Company. Although the Dutch managed to capture most of the coastal areas in Sri Lanka, they were never able to control the Kingdom of Kandy located in the interior of the island. Dutch Ceylon existed from 1640 until 1796.

In the early 17th century, Sri Lanka was partly ruled by the Portuguese and partly by Sri Lankan (primarily of Sinhalese origin) kingdoms, who were constantly battling the Portuguese. Although the Portuguese were not winning the war, their rule was oppressive to the people of those areas controlled by them. While the Portuguese were engaged in a long war of independence from Spanish rule, the Sinhalese king (the king of Kandy) invited the Dutch to help defeat the Portuguese. The Dutch interest in Ceylon was to have a united battle front against the Iberians at that time.
Katherine Kirk
Katherine Kirk (born 26 February 1982) is a professional golfer from Australia, currently playing on the U.S.-based LPGA Tour and the ALPG Tour. She played under her maiden name, Katherine Hull, until her marriage to Tom Kirk on 2 August 2012 and also under the name Katherine Hull-Kirk.

Ryu So-yeon
Ryu So-yeon (Korean: 유소연; pronounced [ju sojʌn]; born 29 June 1990), also known as So Yeon Ryu, is a South Korean professional golfer who plays on the LPGA Tour and on the LPGA of Korea Tour.

She is a two-time major winner having won the 2011 U.S. Women's Open and the 2017 ANA Inspiration.

On 26 June 2017, she became only the 11th No. 1 ranked golfer in the Rolex Rankings by virtue of winning her 5th LPGA Tour title at the Walmart NW Arkansas Championship.
FAI Junior Cup
The FAI Junior Cup is a cup competition organised by the Football Association of Ireland for amateur junior association football clubs from the Republic of Ireland. The competition also serves as a qualifier for the senior FAI Cup with the eight quarter-finalists all invited to take part in the FAI Cup.

According to the FAI, the Junior Cup is one of the largest national amateur cup competitions in Europe. The 2011–12 competition had 597 clubs participate and the 2012–13 competition saw an estimated 600 clubs enter the cup. The inaugural winners were Brideville. The competition's most successful club is Fairview Rangers of the Limerick & District League who have been winners ten times.

Connacht Junior Cup (association football)
The Connacht Junior Cup or Connaught Junior Cup is a cup competition organised by the Connacht Football Association for junior association football clubs. In the seasons when there has been no active Connacht Senior League or Connacht Senior Cup, this junior cup competition has effectively been the top level competition for non-League of Ireland clubs affiliated to the CFA. As a result, it is often simply just referred to as the Connacht Cup or Connaught Cup. The inaugural winners were Galway Town. The competition's most successful clubs have been Castlebar Celtic and Galway Bohemians who have been winners at least nine times each. Sligo Rovers, Longford Town, Galway Rovers and Mervue United were all winners before going on to join the League of Ireland.
Clergy
Clergy are leaders within established religions. Their roles and functions vary in different religious traditions, but usually involve presiding over specific rituals and teaching their religion's doctrines and practices. Some of the terms used for individual clergy are clergyman, clergywoman, clergyperson, churchman, cleric, ecclesiastic, and vicegerent while clerk in holy orders has a long history but is rarely used.

In Christianity, the specific names and roles of the clergy vary by denomination and there is a wide range of formal and informal clergy positions, including deacons, elders, priests, bishops, cardinals, preachers, pastors, presbyters, ministers, and the pope.

In Islam, a religious leader is often formally or informally known as an imam, caliph, qadi, mufti, sheikh, mullah, muezzin, and ulema.

In the Jewish tradition, a religious leader is often a rabbi (teacher) or hazzan (cantor).

Religious (Western Christianity)
A religious (using the word as a noun) is, in the terminology of many Western Christian denominations, such as the Catholic Church, Lutheran Churches, and Anglican Communion, what in common language one would call a "monk" or "nun".

More precisely, a religious is a member of a religious order or religious institute, someone who belongs to "a society in which members [...] pronounce public vows [...] and lead a life of brothers or sisters in common". A religious may also be ordained into the clergy, but ordination does not in itself define someone as a religious.

Some classes of religious have also been referred to, though less commonly now than in the past, as "regulars", because of living in accordance with a religious rule (regula in Latin) such as the Rule of Saint Benedict.
Taxon
In biology, a taxon is a group of one or more populations of an organism, or organisms, as seen by taxonomists to form a biological unit; (taxon: back-formation from taxonomy; pl.: taxa). Although neither is required, a taxon, once its description has become established, is usually known by a particular name and is given a particular ranking.

Friedrich von Huene
Baron Friedrich Richard von Hoyningen-Huene (22 March 1875 – 4 April 1969) was a German nobleman paleontologist who described a large number of dinosaurs, more than anyone else in 20th-century Europe. He studied a range of Permo-Carboniferous tetrapods. He worked at the collections of the institute and museum for geology and paleontology at the University of Tübingen.
Xfce
Xfce (pronounced as four individual letters, /ɛks ɛf siː iː/) is a free and open-source desktop environment for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems.

Xfce aims to be fast and lightweight while still visually appealing and easy to use. The desktop environment is designed to embody the traditional Unix philosophy of modularity and re-usability, as well as adherence to standards; specifically, those defined at freedesktop.org.

Compiz
Compiz (/ˈkɒmpɪz/) is a compositing window manager for the X Window System, using 3D graphics hardware to create fast compositing desktop effects for window management. Effects, such as a minimization animation or a cube workspace, are implemented as loadable plugins. Because it conforms to the ICCCM conventions, Compiz can be used as a substitute for the default Mutter or Metacity, when using GNOME Panel, or KWin in KDE Plasma Workspaces. Internally Compiz uses the OpenGL library as the interface to the graphics hardware.
Snow bunting
The snow bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis) is a passerine bird in the family Calcariidae. It is an Arctic specialist, with a circumpolar Arctic breeding range throughout the northern hemisphere. There are small isolated populations on a few high mountain tops south of the Arctic region, including the Cairngorms in central Scotland and the Saint Elias Mountains on the southern Alaska-Yukon border, as well as the Cape Breton Highlands. The snow bunting is the most northerly recorded passerine in the world.

Little stint
The little stint (Calidris minuta) is a very small wader. It breeds in arctic Europe and Asia, and is a long-distance migrant, wintering south to Africa and south Asia. It occasionally is a vagrant to North America and to Australia. The genus name is from Ancient Greek kalidris or skalidris, a term used by Aristotle for some grey-coloured waterside birds. The specific minuta is Latin for "small.
Football League Fourth Division
The Football League Fourth Division was the fourth-highest division in the English football league system from the 1958–59 season until the creation of the Premier League prior to the 1992–93 season. Following the creation of the Premier League, the fourth tier of English football was renamed the Football League Third Division, before being rebranded as Football League Two in 2004.

Cyril Knowles
Cyril Barry Knowles (13 July 1944 – 30 August 1991) was a footballer who played left-back for Tottenham Hotspur and England. He was the son of the rugby league footballer Cyril Knowles, and the older brother of fellow professional footballer Peter Knowles.