hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stuart Restoration
The Stuart Restoration was the reinstatement in May 1660 of the Stuart monarchy in England, Scotland, and Ireland. It replaced the Commonwealth of England, established in January 1649 after the execution of Charles I, with his son Charles II. The Commonwealth of England had been governed by Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell and then his son Richard Cromwell.

The term is also used to describe the reign of Charles II (1660–1685), and sometimes that of his younger brother James II (1685–1688).

Sir George Downing, 1st Baronet
Sir George Downing, 1st Baronet (c. 1623 – c. 19 July 1684) was an Anglo-Irish diplomat and financial reformer, who held office first under the Commonwealth of England, then Charles II. As Teller of the Exchequer, he carried out major reforms in public finance, including securing passage of the Navigation Acts, intended to protect English maritime commerce, especially from the Dutch Republic. He played a significant role in acquiring New York City from the Dutch in 1665. Two New York streets are named after him, one in Greenwich Village and one in Brooklyn, as well as Downing Street, London.
2021 Indiana Hoosiers football team
The 2021 Indiana Hoosiers football team represented Indiana University in the 2021 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Hoosiers played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana and competed as a member of the East Division of the Big Ten Conference. The team was led by fifth-year head coach Tom Allen.

Indiana finished the season with a 2–10 record, which would be their worst season since 2011, when they finished 1–11.

2021 Maryland Terrapins football team
The 2021 Maryland Terrapins football team represented the University of Maryland during the 2021 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Terrapins played their home games at Maryland Stadium in College Park, Maryland, and competed in the Big Ten Conference in the East Division. The team was coached by third-year head coach Mike Locksley and finished in fifth place in the East Division. The Terrapins defeated Virginia Tech in the Pinstripe Bowl to achieve their first bowl game since 2016, their first winning season since 2014, and their first bowl game victory since 2010.
Golden-winged warbler
The golden-winged warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) is a small migratory insectivorous bird in the New World warbler family Parulidae. It breeds in southeastern and south-central Canada and in the Appalachian Mountains in the northeastern to north-central United States. The majority (~70%) of the global population breeds in Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Manitoba. Golden-winged warbler populations are slowly expanding northwards but are generally declining across its range. This is most likely as a result of habitat loss and competition/interbreeding with the very closely related blue-winged warbler, Vermivora cyanoptera, albeit the latter point has been debated. Populations are now restricted to two regions: the Great Lakes and the Appalachian Mountains.

Half Moon Caye
Half Moon Caye is an island and natural monument of Belize located at the southeast corner of Lighthouse Reef Atoll.  This natural monument was the first nature reserve to have been established in Belize under the National Park Systems Act in 1981 and first marine protected area in Central America.  This is also Belize's oldest site of wildlife protection since it was first designated as a bird sanctuary in 1924 to protect the habitat of the red-footed booby birds.
Columbia Records
Columbia Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Music Group, an American subsidiary of multinational conglomerate Sony. Founded on January 15, 1889, Columbia is the oldest surviving brand name in the recorded sound business, and the second major company to produce records. It is one of Sony Music's four flagship record labels, along with Epic Records, former longtime rival RCA Records, and Arista Records. RCA and Arista were originally owned by BMG until Sony's acquisition at the end of their merger in 2008.

Henry Threadgill
Henry Threadgill (born February 15, 1944) is an American composer, saxophonist and flautist. He came to prominence in the 1970s leading ensembles rooted in jazz but with unusual instrumentation and often incorporating other genres of music. He has performed and recorded with several ensembles: Air, Aggregation Orb, Make a Move, the seven-piece Henry Threadgill Sextett, the twenty-piece Society Situation Dance Band, Very Very Circus, X-75, and Zooid.

He was awarded the 2016 Pulitzer Prize for Music for his album In for a Penny, In for a Pound, which premiered at Roulette Intermedium on December 4, 2014.

In 2023, he published his autobiography, written with Brent Hayes Edwards: Easily Slip into Another World: A Life in Music. The book was a New York Times Notable Book of the Year, along with being a Best Book of the Year: The New York Times, NPR, The New Yorker.
Minister for Small Business (Australia)
The Minister for Small Business is an Australian Government cabinet position which is currently held by Anne Aly following 
the swearing-in ceremony on 13 May 2025 as a result of Anthony Albanese's Labor government being re-elected at the 2025 Australian federal election.

In the Government of Australia, the minister administers their portfolio through the Department of the Treasury.

Assistant Treasurer of Australia
The Assistant Treasurer of Australia is the minister of state of the Commonwealth of Australia charged with assisting the Treasurer with overseeing government revenue collection, federal expenditure and economic policy as the head of the Department of the Treasury. The current assistant treasurer is The Hon. Daniel Mulino MP, who was appointed by Prime Minister Anthony Albanese in May 2025 following the 2025 Australian federal election. Mulino also serves as Minister for Financial Services.
Mantova 1911
Mantova 1911, commonly referred to as Mantova, is an Italian professional football club based in Mantua (Italian: Mantova), Lombardy. Mantova had played consecutively in the Italian Serie A from the 1961-1962 season to 1964-1965 and from 1966-1967 season to 1967-1968 as Associazione Calcio Mantova, when the team was called "Little Brazil", as its playing style recalled Brazilian football.

Since 2010, the club went bankrupt twice and continuously played between Serie D, Lega Pro Seconda Divisione, and the new Serie C under the name Mantova F.C. and, since 2017, Mantova 1911. After another relegation to Serie D in 2023, the club was readmitted to the third division, winning it immediately and returning to Serie B in 2024 after 14 years.

Bassano Virtus 55 ST
Bassano Virtus 55 Soccer Team S.p.A., commonly known as Bassano Virtus or just Bassano is a football club based in Bassano del Grappa, Veneto. The first team of the club was relocated to Vicenza in 2018 as L.R. Vicenza Virtus, while the youth system of Bassano Virtus was retained in Bassano del Grappa along with Vicenza Calcio's was retained in Vicenza.
AP Computer Science A
Advanced Placement (AP) Computer Science A (also known as AP CompSci, AP CompSci A, AP CSA, AP Computer Science Applications, or AP Java) is an AP Computer Science course and examination offered by the College Board to high school students as an opportunity to earn college credit for a college-level computer science course. AP Computer Science A is meant to be the equivalent of a first-semester course in computer science. The AP exam currently tests students on their knowledge of Java.

AP Computer Science AB, which was equal to a full year, was discontinued following the May 2009 exam administration.

AP Spanish Literature and Culture
Advanced Placement (AP) Spanish Literature and Culture (also known as AP Spanish Literature, AP Spanish Lit, AP SpLit or AP Spanish V) is a high school course and examination offered by the College Board's Advanced Placement Program.
NRK
The Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (Norwegian: Norsk rikskringkasting, lit. 'Norwegian national broadcasting'), commonly known by its initialism NRK, is the Norwegian public broadcasting and radio corporation. The corporation is state-owned, guided by its bylaws and ethical guidelines, with a board partly appointed by the government, through the Ministry of Culture and Equality, and elected by staff. Its bylaws and ethical guidelines secure independent editorial control for journalists and editors.

NRK broadcasts three national TV channels and thirteen national radio channels on digital terrestrial television, digital terrestrial radio and subscription television. They also offer an online video on-demand and podcast streaming service, and produce online and broadcast news.

The NRK is a founding member of the European Broadcasting Union and a member of the Norwegian Press Association.

Norsktoppen
Norsktoppen was a musical hit list at NRK Radio, originally playing songs exclusively by Norwegian artists.  Until 1986, the songs had to be in the Norwegian language.  Norsktoppen started airing in 1973, once a week.  Norsktoppen was canceled on 1 January 2009.  This decision—to close down the show as outdated—raised some public debate, including an interpellation in the Storting raised by representative Ulf Erik Knudsen to the minister of culture.  As only songs with Norwegian artists were included, Norsktoppen came to be an important tool for the Norwegian recording industry.
Missouri supplemental route
A supplemental route is a state secondary road in the U.S. state of Missouri, designated with letters. Supplemental routes were various roads within the state which the Missouri Department of Transportation was given in 1952 to maintain in addition to the regular routes, though lettered routes had been in use from at least 1932. The four types of roads designated as Routes are:

Farm to market roads

Roads to state parks

Former alignments of U.S. or state highways

Short routes connecting state highways from other states to routes in Missouri

Supplemental routes make up 19,064 miles (30,681 km) (59%) of the state highway system.

Missouri Route 7
Route 7 is a north/south state highway with its northern terminus at U.S. Route 24 in northeast Independence and its southern terminus at Interstate 44 southeast of Richland (near the town of Laquey which it doesn't quite reach).  The section between Harrisonville (at a junction with Interstate 49/U.S. Route 71) and Clinton (at a junction with Route 13) provides an important link for traffic between Springfield and Kansas City.
New Zealand national netball team
The New Zealand national netball team, commonly known as the Silver Ferns (Māori: Rau Hiriwā or Kaponga), represent Netball New Zealand in international netball tournaments such as the Netball World Cup, the Commonwealth Games, the Taini Jamison Trophy, the Constellation Cup, the Netball Quad Series and the Fast5 Netball World Series. They have also represented New Zealand at the World Games. New Zealand made their test debut in 1938. As of 2023, New Zealand have been world champions on five occasions and Commonwealth champions twice. They are regularly ranked number two in the World Netball Rankings.

Western Flyers
Western Flyers are a former New Zealand netball team that represented Hawke's Bay, Manawatū-Whanganui and Taranaki. Between 1998 and 2007, Flyers played in the Coca-Cola Cup/National Bank Cup league. Ahead of the 2008 season, Flyers merged with Capital Shakers to form the new ANZ Championship team, Central Pulse.
Robert Fuller (wrestler)
Robert Welch (born May 14, 1949) is an American manager and retired professional wrestler, better known by his ring names Robert Fuller and Col. Robert Parker. Robert and his brother Ron co-owned Continental Championship Wrestling for a time.

CWF Tag Team Championship
The NWA Southeastern Tag Team Championship was the major tag team championship in the National Wrestling Alliance's Alabama territory, Southeastern Championship Wrestling (SECW). It existed from 1974 until November 1986, when it became the NWA Continental Tag Team Championship, after SECW changed its name to Continental Championship Wrestling (CCW). In 1988, when CCW changed its name to the Continental Wrestling Federation (CWF), it became the CWF Tag Team Championship. The CWF closed in 1989 and the title was retired.
Global Positioning System
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based hyperbolic navigation system owned by the United States Space Force and operated by Mission Delta 31. It is one of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) that provide geolocation and time information to a GPS receiver anywhere on or near the Earth where signal quality permits. It does not require the user to transmit any data, and operates independently of any telephone or Internet reception, though these technologies can enhance the usefulness of the GPS positioning information. It provides critical positioning capabilities to military, civil, and commercial users around the world. Although the United States government created, controls, and maintains the GPS system, it is freely accessible to anyone with a GPS receiver.

Speedometer
A speedometer or speed meter is a gauge that measures and displays the instantaneous speed of a vehicle. Now universally fitted to motor vehicles, they started to be available as options in the early 20th century, and as standard equipment from about 1910 onwards. Other vehicles may use devices analogous to the speedometer with different means of sensing speed, eg. boats use a pit log, while aircraft use an airspeed indicator.

Charles Babbage is credited with creating an early type of a speedometer, which was usually fitted to locomotives.

The electric speedometer was invented by the Croat Josip Belušić in 1888 and was originally called a velocimeter.
Cao Ren
Cao Ren (pronunciationⓘ) (168 – 6 May 223), courtesy name Zixiao, was a military general serving during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China under the warlord Cao Cao, who was also his older second cousin. He continued serving in the state of Cao Wei – founded by Cao Cao's son and successor, Cao Pi – during the Three Kingdoms period. He played a significant part in assisting Cao Cao in the civil wars leading to the end of the Han dynasty. He was appointed as the Grand Marshal (大司馬) when Cao Pi ascended the throne, and was also credited by the latter for the establishment of Wei. However, Cao Ren was also once derided as a mediocre commander by Zhu Huan, a general from Wei's rival state Eastern Wu.

Xuchang
Xuchang (simplified Chinese: 许昌; traditional Chinese: 許昌; postal: Hsuchang) is a prefecture-level city in central Henan province in Central China. It is bordered by the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the northwest, Kaifeng to the northeast, Zhoukou to the east, Luohe to the southeast, and Pingdingshan to the southwest.

Its population was 4,307,488 inhabitants at the final 2010 census, of whom 1,952,666 lived in the built-up (or "metro") area made up of Weidu and Jian'an districts (named from Emperor Xian of Han's era name) and Changge City largely being urbanized.  In 2007, the city was named as one of China's top ten livable cities by Chinese Cities Brand Value Report, which was released at 2007 Beijing Summit of China Cities Forum.
Emilia-Romagna
Emilia-Romagna (UK: /ɪˌmiːliə roʊˈmɑːnjə/, US: /eɪˌ-/, both also /ɛˌ-/, Italian: [eˈmiːlja roˈmaɲɲa]) is an administrative region of northern Italy, comprising the historical regions of Emilia and Romagna. Its capital is Bologna. It has a population of over 4.4 million in an area of 22,509.67 km2 (8,691 sq mi).

Emilia-Romagna is one of the wealthiest and most developed regions in Europe, with the third highest gross domestic product per capita in Italy. It is also a cultural center, being the home of the University of Bologna, the oldest university in the world. Some of its cities, such as Modena, Parma, Ferrara, and Ravenna, are UNESCO heritage sites. It is a center for food and automobile production (such as Ferrari, Lamborghini, and Maserati). It has coastal resorts such as Cervia, Cesenatico, and Rimini. In 2018, the Lonely Planet guide named Emilia-Romagna as the best place to see in Europe.

Castel Bolognese
Castel Bolognese (Romagnol: Castël Bulgnés) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ravenna in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southeast of Bologna and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of Ravenna. As of 2006, it has a population of about 9,000 inhabitants.

Castel Bolognese borders the following municipalities: Faenza, Imola, Riolo Terme, Solarolo.
Western capercaillie
The western capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus), also known as the Eurasian capercaillie, wood grouse, heather cock, cock-of-the-woods, or simply capercaillie /ˌkæpərˈkeɪl(j)i/, is a heavy member of the grouse tribe and the largest of all extant grouse species. Found across Europe and the Palearctic, this primarily-ground-dwelling forest grouse is renowned for its courtship display. The bird shows extreme sexual dimorphism, with males nearly twice the size of females. The global population is listed as "least concern" under the IUCN, although the populations of central Europe are declining and fragmented, or possibly extirpated.

The western capercaillie is one of two living species under the genus Tetrao, which also includes the lesser-known black-billed capercaillie.

Salmo trutta fario
Salmo trutta fario, sometimes called the river trout, is a river-dwelling freshwater predatory fish from the genus Salmo of the family Salmonidae. It is one of the three main subspecies of the brown trout (Salmo trutta), besides sea trout (Salmo trutta trutta) and the lacustrine trout (Salmo trutta lacustris).
Hertsmere
Hertsmere is a local government district with borough status in Hertfordshire, England. Its council is based in Borehamwood. Other settlements in the borough include Bushey, Elstree, Radlett and Potters Bar. The borough contains several film studios, including Elstree Studios and the BBC Elstree Centre at Borehamwood. The borough borders Three Rivers, Watford, St Albans, and Welwyn Hatfield in Hertfordshire and the three north London boroughs of Harrow, Barnet and Enfield. Hertsmere is located mainly within the M25 Motorway.

Hertfordshire County Council
Hertfordshire County Council is the upper-tier local authority for the non-metropolitan county of Hertfordshire, in England. The council was created in 1889. It is responsible for a wide range of public services in the county, including social care, transport, education, and the Hertfordshire Fire and Rescue Service. The Liberal Democrats have held a plurality of the seats on the council since May 2025, and currently run the council as a minority administration. The council meets and has its main offices at Robertson House in Stevenage.
Adygea
Adygea (/ˌɑːdɪˈɡeɪə/ AH-dig-AY-ə), officially the Republic of Adygea or the Adygean Republic, is a republic of Russia. It is situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe. The republic is a part of the Southern Federal District, and covers an area of 7,600 square kilometers (2,900 sq mi), with a population of roughly 500,731 residents  as at 2025. It is an enclave within Krasnodar Krai and is the fifth-smallest Russian federal subject by area. Maykop is the capital and the largest city of Adygea, home to one-third of the republic's population.

Adygea is one of Russia's ethnic republics, primarily representing the indigenous Circassian people who form 25% of the Republic's population, while Russians form a majority at 60%, and with minority populations of Armenians and Ukrainians. The official languages of Adygea are Adyghe and Russian.

Rostov Oblast
Rostov Oblast (Russian: Росто́вская о́бласть, romanized: Rostovskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [rɐˈstofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in the Southern Federal District. The oblast has an area of 100,967 square kilometers (38,984 sq mi) and a population of 4,200,729 (2021 Census), making it the sixth most populous federal subject in Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Rostov-on-Don, which also became the administrative center of the Southern Federal District in 2002.
Lyttelton, New Zealand
Lyttelton (Māori: Ōhinehou or Riritana) is a port town on the north shore of Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō, on the eastern coast of the South Island of New Zealand. The town is separated from Christchurch by the Port Hills, an eroded remnant of the extinct Banks Peninsula Volcano.

The Port of Lyttelton was historically regarded as the "Gateway to Canterbury" for colonial settlers.  It is the South Island's principal goods-transport terminal, handling 34% of exports and 61% of imports by value, and is also a regular destination for cruise ships.

John Robert Godley
John Robert Godley (29 May 1814 – 17 November 1861) was an Anglo-Irish statesman and bureaucrat. Godley is considered to be the founder of Canterbury, New Zealand, although he lived there for only two years.
San Pedro Bay (Philippines)
San Pedro Bay is a bay in the Philippines, at the northwest end of Leyte Gulf. It measures about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi; 8.1 nmi) east to west and 20 kilometres (12 mi; 11 nmi) north to south. The bay is bounded by two islands, by Samar the north and east and by Leyte on the east. It is connected by San Juanico Strait to Carigara Bay, an arm of the Samar Sea. The largest city on the bay is Tacloban City, the capital of the province of Leyte in the administrative region of Eastern Visayas.

During World War II, the bay was part of a large United States Navy base, the Leyte-Samar Naval Base.

Mangarin Bay
Mangarin Bay is a bay of the South China Sea, on the west coast of Mindoro island, in Occidental Mindoro Province of the Philippines.

The bay is shoal, and sheltered from the wind by Mangarin Point to the east and by Ilin Island.

Magarin Point terminates in a long sandy pit off which the depth is 4 to 5 fathoms. Farther in the water shoals rapidly.

The settlement of Mangarin is only accessible by light boat. The surroundings are marshy, and few supplies are available.
Kovai Sarala
Kovai Sarala is an Indian actress and comedian, who  plays supporting roles in Tamil, Telugu,  Malayalam and Kannada films. She has won the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Comedian three times, for her performances in Sathi Leelavathi (1995), Poovellam Un Vasam (2001) and Uliyin Osai (2008).

She has also won two Nandi Awards for Best Female Comedian also the Vijay Award and IIFA Award for Best Comedian for her performance in Kanchana (2011).

She is now part of Kamal Haasan's Makkal Needhi Maiam Party.

Vinu Chakravarthy
Vinu Chakravarthy (15 December 1945 – 27 April 2017) was an Indian actor, screenwriter and director who is known for acting in more than 1000 movies predominantly in Tamil films mostly as a comedian, supporting actor or in a villainous role. The 2007 released Tamil movie Muni was his landmark 1000th film.
1989 Soviet census
The 1989 Soviet census (Russian: Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989, lit. '1989 All-Union Census'), conducted between 12 and 19 January of that year, was the final census carried out in the Soviet Union. The census found the total population to be 286,730,819 inhabitants. In 1989, the Soviet Union ranked as the third most populous country in the world, above the United States (with 248,709,873 inhabitants according to the 1990 census), although it was well below China and India.

Kharovsky District
Kharovsky District (Russian: Ха́ровский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Vozhegodsky District in the north, Syamzhensky District in the east, Sokolsky District in the south, and with Ust-Kubinsky District in the west. The area of the district is 3,600 square kilometers (1,400 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kharovsk. Population: 16,622 (2010 census); 20,576 (2002 Census); 25,219 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kharovsk accounts for 60.6% of the district's total population.