hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Statistical model
A statistical model is a mathematical model that embodies a set of statistical assumptions concerning the generation of sample data (and similar data from a larger population). A statistical model represents, often in considerably idealized form, the data-generating process. When referring specifically to probabilities, the corresponding term is probabilistic model. All statistical hypothesis tests and all statistical estimators are derived via statistical models. More generally, statistical models are part of the foundation of statistical inference. A statistical model is usually specified as a mathematical relationship between one or more random variables and other non-random variables.  As such, a statistical model is "a formal representation of a theory" (Herman Adèr quoting Kenneth Bollen).

Nonparametric statistics
Nonparametric statistics is a type of statistical analysis that makes minimal assumptions about the underlying distribution of the data being studied. Often these models are infinite-dimensional, rather than finite dimensional, as in parametric statistics. Nonparametric statistics can be used for descriptive statistics or statistical inference. Nonparametric tests are often used when the assumptions of parametric tests are evidently violated.
USS Redfish (SS-395)
USS Redfish (SS/AGSS-395), a Balao-class submarine, was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for the redfish. In addition to her naval career, which included sinking the Japanese aircraft carrier Unryū, she made several film appearances in the 1950s.

Convoy Hi-71
Convoy Hi-71 (ヒ-71) was one of the World War II Hi convoys of fast tankers and troop transports from Japan to Singapore. The heavily defended convoy was specially loaded with reinforcements for defense of the Philippines, and encountered a wolfpack of United States Navy submarines in the South China Sea after being scattered by an August 1944 typhoon. Personnel losses were high because heavy seas prevented rescue of crewmen from sunken ships.
Kerala Legislative Assembly
The Kerala Legislative Assembly, popularly known as the Kerala Niyamasabha, is the State Assembly of Kerala, one of the 28 states in India. The Assembly is formed by 140 elected representatives, one from each of the 140 constituencies within the borders of Kerala, referred to as Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA).

Aroor
Aroor is a fishing village on the northernmost part of the Alappuzha district, within Cherthala taluk of Kerala, India. It lies on either sides of National Highway 66 and serves as a gateway between Kochi and Alappuzha. Aroor, surrounded by Vembanad, Kaithappuzha, and Kumbalangi backwaters, is known for its seafood export industry. The Aroor-Kumbalam Bridge is the second-longest bridge in Kerala.
Off-Broadway
An off-Broadway theatre is any professional theatre venue in New York City with a seating capacity between 100 and 499, inclusive. These theatres are smaller than Broadway theatres, but larger than off-off-Broadway theatres, which seat fewer than 100.

An "off-Broadway production" is a production of a play, musical, or revue that appears in such a venue and adheres to related trade union and other contracts. Some shows that premiere off-Broadway are subsequently produced on Broadway.

Floyd Collins (musical)
Floyd Collins is a musical with music and lyrics by Adam Guettel, and book by Tina Landau. The musical is a dramatization of the death of American cave explorer, Floyd Collins near Cave City, Kentucky in the winter of 1925.

The musical opened Off-Broadway on February 9, 1996, where it ran for 25 performances. There have been subsequent London productions as well as regional U.S. productions. The show made its Broadway premiere in 2025 at the Vivian Beaumont Theater as part of Lincoln Center Theatre's 2024–25 season.
Boulevard Marguerite-de-Rochechouart
The Boulevard Marguerite-de-Rochechouart (French pronunciation: [bulvaʁ maʁɡəʁit də ʁɔʃ(ə)ʃwaʁ]) is a street in Paris, France, situated at the foot of Montmartre and to its south. Like the neighbouring street, Rue Marguerite-de-Rochechouart, it is named after Marguerite de Rochechouart de Montpipeau (1665–1727), abbess of Montmartre.  It is a result of the 1864 merging of the boulevards and chemins de ronde which followed the interior and exterior of the Wall of the Farmers-General. It has also been known as the Boulevard des Poissonniers, Chemin de ronde de Poissonnière and Chemin de ronde de Rochechouart. It is served by the Paris Metro stations Pigalle, Anvers and Barbès – Rochechouart.

Boulevard de la Chapelle
The Boulevard de la Chapelle (French pronunciation: [bulvaʁ də la ʃapɛl]) marks the border between the 10th and 18th arrondissement of Paris. It corresponds in part to the mur des Fermiers généraux, which, until 1860, marked the border between the communes of Paris and La Chapelle, a commune in its own right on the outskirts of the city.

The street is served by the Paris Metro station La Chapelle.  At number 37 is the Théâtre des Bouffes du Nord.
Menora Mivtachim Arena
Yad Eliyahu Arena (Hebrew: היכל יד אליהו), known as the Menora Mivtachim Arena (Hebrew: היכל מנורה מבטחים) and formerly as the Nokia Arena (Hebrew: היכל נוקיה) for commercial reasons, is a large multi-purpose sports indoor arena located in southeastern Tel Aviv, Israel. It is primarily hosts tennis matches, basketball games, and concerts.

It is one of the major sporting facilities in the Greater Tel Aviv area. The arena is owned by the municipality of Tel Aviv, and is managed by Sports Palaces Ltd., a company also fully owned by the municipality (which also manages Bloomfield Stadium and Drive in Arena). On 1 January 2015, the arena changed its name to Menora Mivtachim Arena.

Sports club
A sports club or sporting club, sometimes an athletics club or sports society or sports association, is a group of people formed for the purpose of playing sports.

Sports clubs range from organisations whose members play together, unpaid, and may play other similar clubs on occasion, watched mostly by family and friends, to large commercial organisations with professional players which have teams that regularly compete against those of other clubs and sometimes attract very large crowds of paying spectators. Clubs may be dedicated to a single sport or to several (multi-sport clubs).

The term "athletics club" is sometimes used for a general sports club, rather than one dedicated to athletics proper.

Friedrich Ludwig Jahn's Turner movement, first realised at Volkspark Hasenheide in Berlin in 1811, was the origin of the modern sports clubs.
World Tag Team Championship (AJPW)
The World Tag Team Championship (世界タッグ王座, sekai taggu ōza) is a professional wrestling World tag team championship in Japanese promotion All Japan Pro Wrestling. It was created on June 10, 1988 as a unification of two previous tag team titles in All Japan; the PWF Tag Team Championship, and the NWA International Tag Team Championship; when the PWF champions Jumbo Tsuruta and Yoshiaki Yatsu defeated NWA champions The Road Warriors. As with the Triple Crown Heavyweight Championship, it is symbolized by four belts, two for each wrestler, representing the former PWF and NWA titles. It is currently the top of two tag team titles in AJPW, along with the secondary All Asia Tag Team Championship.

There have been a total of 103 reigns shared between 68 different teams consisting of 75 distinctive champions. The current champions are Titans Of Calamity (Ren Ayabe and Talos) who are in their first reign as a team.

Dark Ozz
Marcos Tinajero (born January 30, 1975) is a Mexican Luchador (wrestler) who is known under the names Ozz / Dark Ozz, a Face character (referred to as a "Tecnico" in Lucha Libre) that works for Lucha Libre Elite. Best known for his work in Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA), he has been part of The Black Family since it was formed. During his time in the Black Family, Ozz has been a member of Lucha Libre Latina (LLL) and La Secta del Mesías, its predecessor La Secta Cibernetica and La Legión Extranjera but now the Black Family is its own independent entity.
WTA Tour
The WTA Tour (also known as the WTA Tour Driven by Mercedes-Benz for sponsorship reasons) is a worldwide top-tier tennis tour for women and organized by the Women's Tennis Association. The second-tier tour is the WTA 125 series, and third-tier is the ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. The men's equivalent is the ATP Tour.

Australian Open Series
The Australian Open Series is a selection of tennis tournaments held annually prior to the start of the Australian Open in Melbourne. In 2023, there are five official Australian Open Series tournaments held across Australia in preparation for the first Grand Slam of the year, as designated by Tennis Australia.
U.S. Route 85
U.S. Route 85 (US 85) is a 1,479-mile-long (2,380 km) north–south United States Highway that travels in the Mountain and Northern Plains states of the United States. The southern terminus of the highway is at the Mexican border in El Paso, Texas, connecting with Mexican Federal Highway 45. The northern terminus is at the Canadian border north of Fortuna, North Dakota, where the route continues north as Saskatchewan Highway 35. The highway route is part of the CanAm Highway. Sections of US 85 are designated as the Theodore Roosevelt Expressway.

U.S. Route 66 in New Mexico
U.S. Route 66 (US 66, Route 66) in New Mexico ran east–west across the central part of the state, along the path now taken by Interstate 40 (I-40). However, until 1937, it took a longer route via Santa Fe, now roughly I-25 and US 84. Large portions of the old road parallel to I-40 have been designated State Road 117 (NM 117), NM 118, NM 122, NM 124, NM 333, three separate loops of I-40 Business, and state-maintained frontage roads.

It is one of the roads on the Trails of the Ancients Byway, one of the designated New Mexico Scenic Byways.
Ørjan Berg
Ørjan Berg (born 20 August 1968) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He is the current sporting director of Bodø/Glimt.

Berg retired at the end of the 2006 season, having played for Bodø/Glimt, Wettingen, TSV 1860 Munich, Basel and Rosenborg. He is the brother of Bodø/Glimt player Runar Berg and the son of midfielder and playmaker Harald Berg. He is also the father of Patrick Berg, also a Bodø/Glimt player and the last years frequently seen playing for Norway national football team, following in his father's footsteps.

St. Jakob Stadium
The St. Jakob Stadium was a football stadium in Basel, Switzerland and the former home of Swiss club FC Basel. It was built in view of the 1954 FIFA World Cup, and as well as serving as a club stadium, it hosted several important matches, including some FIFA World Cup matches in 1954 and four European Cup Winners' Cup finals.

After closing in 1998, St. Jakob-Park was built in its place. It was nicknamed "Joggeli" (a diminutive of "Jakob" in the local dialect) by Basel supporters.
Robe
A robe is a  loose-fitting outer garment.  Unlike garments described as capes or cloaks, robes usually have sleeves. The English word robe derives from Middle English robe ("garment"), borrowed from Old French robe ("booty, spoils"), itself taken from the Frankish word *rouba ("spoils, things stolen, clothes"), and is related to the word rob.

Coat
A coat is typically an outer garment for the upper body, worn by any gender for warmth or fashion. Coats typically have long sleeves and are open down the front, and closing by means of buttons, zippers, hook-and-loop fasteners (AKA velcro), toggles, a belt, or a combination of some of these. Other possible features include collars, shoulder straps, and hoods.
Linnean Society of London
The Linnean Society of London is a learned society dedicated to the study and dissemination of information concerning natural history, evolution, and taxonomy. It possesses several important biological specimen, manuscript and literature collections, and publishes academic journals and books on plant and animal biology. The society also awards a number of prestigious medals and prizes.

A product of the 18th-century enlightenment, the society is the oldest extant biological society in the world and is historically important as the venue for the first public presentation of the theory of evolution by natural selection on 1 July 1858.

The patron of the society is Anne, Princess Royal. Vice-patrons include: Emeritus Emperor Akihito of Japan, King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden (both have active interests in natural history), and the eminent naturalist and broadcaster Sir David Attenborough.

Royal Society of Literature
The Royal Society of Literature (RSL) is a learned society founded in 1820 by King George IV to "reward literary merit and excite literary talent". A charity that represents the voice of literature in the UK, the RSL has about 800 Fellows, elected from among the best writers in any genre currently at work. Additionally, Honorary Fellows are chosen from those who have made a significant contribution to the advancement of literature, including publishers, agents, librarians, booksellers or producers. The society is a cultural tenant at London's Somerset House. The RSL is an independent charity and relies on the support of its Members, Patrons, Fellows and friends to continue its work.
National Liberation Committee
The National Liberation Committee (Italian: Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale, CLN) was a political umbrella organization and the main representative of the Italian resistance movement fighting against the occupying forces of Nazi Germany and the fascist collaborationist forces of the Italian Social Republic during the German occupation of Italy in the aftermath of the armistice of Cassibile, while simultaneously fighting against Italian fascists during the Italian Civil War. It coordinated and directed the Italian resistance and was subdivided into the Central Committee for National Liberation (CCLN), which was based in Rome, and the later National Liberation Committee for Northern Italy (CLNAI), which was based in Milan. The CNL was a multi-party entity, whose members were united by their anti-fascism.

National Council (Italy)
The National Council (Consulta Nazionale) was an unelected provisional legislative assembly set up in the Kingdom of Italy after the end of World War II. It fulfilled the roles of parliament until regular elections could be held. It first sat on 25 September 1945 and was dissolved after the national elections on 2 June 1946, which formed the first Constituent Assembly of Italy.
Boulder City, Nevada
Boulder City is a city in Clark County, Nevada, United States. It is approximately 26 miles (42 km) southeast of Las Vegas. As of the 2020 census, the population of Boulder City was 14,885. The city took its name from Boulder Canyon. Boulder City is one of only two places in Nevada that prohibits gambling, the other being the town of Panaca.

U.S. Route 93
U.S. Route 93 (US 93) is a major north–south 1,359-mile (2,187 km) U.S. Numbered Highway in the western United States, that connects U.S. Route 60  (US 60) in Wickenburg, Arizona, with British Columbia Highway 93 at the Canadian border (north of Eureka, Montana). The highway passes through Kingman, Arizona; Las Vegas, Nevada; Twin Falls, Idaho; and Missoula, Montana.
Mathematical Reviews
Mathematical Reviews is a journal published by the American Mathematical Society (AMS) that contains brief synopses, and in some cases evaluations, of many articles in mathematics, statistics, and theoretical computer science. The AMS also publishes an associated online bibliographic database called MathSciNet, which contains an electronic version of Mathematical Reviews.

Isidor Natanson
Isidor Pavlovich Natanson (Russian: Исидор Павлович Натансон; February 8, 1906 in Zurich – July 3, 1964 in Leningrad) was a Swiss-born Soviet mathematician known for contributions to real analysis and constructive function theory, in particular, for his textbooks on these subjects. His son, Garal'd Natanson (1930–2003), was also a known mathematician.
Stuart Restoration
The Stuart Restoration was the reinstatement in May 1660 of the Stuart monarchy in England, Scotland, and Ireland. It replaced the Commonwealth of England, established in January 1649 after the execution of Charles I, with his son Charles II. The Commonwealth of England had been governed by Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell and then his son Richard Cromwell.

The term is also used to describe the reign of Charles II (1660–1685), and sometimes that of his younger brother James II (1685–1688).

Red Bull Theatre
51°31′27″N 0°06′12″W﻿ / ﻿51.524259°N 0.103336°W﻿ / 51.524259; -0.103336

The Red Bull Theatre was an inn-yard conversion erected in Clerkenwell, London, operating in the 17th century. For more than forty years, it entertained audiences drawn primarily from the City and its suburbs, developing a reputation over the years for rowdiness. After Parliament closed the theatres in 1642, it continued to host illegal performances intermittently, and when the theatres reopened after the Restoration, it became a legitimate venue again. There is a myth that it burned down in the Great Fire of London but the direct reason for its end is unclear.
St. Xavier's College, Kolkata
St. Xavier's College is a private, Catholic, autonomous college in Kolkata, India, run by the Calcutta Province of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). Founded in 1860, it is named after St. Francis Xavier, a Jesuit saint of the 16th century, who travelled to India. In 2006, it became the first autonomous college in West Bengal. The college is affiliated to the University of Calcutta.

In 2024, St. Xavier's was ranked sixth among colleges in India by the National Institutional Ranking Framework.

La Martinière Calcutta
La Martinière (informally known as LMC) comprises two independent private single-sex schools for day scholars, with a few boarders, located in Kolkata (formerly Calcutta), West Bengal, India. They were established in 1836 in accordance with the will of the French soldier of fortune and philanthropist, Major General Claude Martin. They are Christian schools, controlled by the Anglican Church of North India and independent from the government, with English as the primary language of instruction. La Martiniere Calcutta is often ranked among the best day schools in the country. It is affiliated to the Council for the ISC Examinations New Delhi, which conducts the ICSE & ISC Examinations at the close of Classes 10 and 12.
Irish Derby
The Irish Derby (Irish: Dearbaí na hÉireann) is a Group 1 flat horse race in Ireland open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run at the Curragh over a distance of 1 mile and 4 furlongs (2,414 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late June or early July.

It is Ireland's equivalent of the Derby Stakes, and it is usually held four weeks after the English race.

Dancing Brave
Dancing Brave (11 May 1983 – 2 August 1999) was an American-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a racing career which lasted from the autumn of 1985 until October 1986, he ran ten times and won eight races. Dancing Brave was the outstanding European racehorse of 1986, when he won the 2000 Guineas, the Eclipse Stakes, the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes and the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe. His only defeats came in the Derby and the Breeders' Cup Turf. A modest sire of winners in Europe, he was later exported to Japan, where he enjoyed more success before his death in August 1999.

Dancing Brave is regarded as one of the greatest racehorses of the twentieth century.
Biograph (album)
Biograph is a compilation spanning the career of American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, released on November 7, 1985, by Columbia Records . Consisting of 53 tracks, 18 of which were previously unreleased, from 1962 to 1981, the box set was released as a five-LP set, a three-cassette tape set, and a three-compact disc set. Biograph reached No. 33 on the Billboard 200 in the U.S. and has been certified platinum by the RIAA.

Dylan (2007 album)
Dylan is a greatest hits album by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan. The collection was released on October 2, 2007 by Columbia Records and Legacy Recordings with worldwide distribution through Sony BMG. It was released as a single-disc CD and a three-disc Deluxe Edition (containing 51 songs), which was released as a digipack and a box set presented in replica-vinyl packaging, along with 10 postcards and an extensive booklet.
The Deluxe Edition includes the 1971 version of "You Ain't Goin' Nowhere" although the album's liner notes erroneously state that it is the 1967 version.
Massachusetts House of Representatives
The Massachusetts House of Representatives is the lower house of the Massachusetts General Court, the state legislature of Massachusetts. It is composed of 160 members elected from 14 counties each divided into single-member electoral districts across the Commonwealth. The House of Representatives convenes at the Massachusetts State House in Boston, the state capital of Massachusetts.

Barnstable, Massachusetts
Barnstable (/ˈbɑːrnstəbəl/ BARN-stə-bəl) is a town on Cape Cod in Massachusetts and the county seat of Barnstable County. Barnstable is the largest community, both in land area and population, on Cape Cod, and is one of thirteen Massachusetts municipalities that have been granted city forms of government by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts but wish to retain "the town of" in their official names. At the 2020 census it had a population of 48,916. The town contains several villages (one of which is also named Barnstable) within its boundaries. Its largest village, Hyannis, is the central business district of the Cape, and home to Barnstable Municipal Airport, the airline hub of Cape Cod and the islands of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket. Additionally, Barnstable is a 2007 winner of the All-America City Award.
Astronomical unit
The astronomical unit (symbol: au or AU) is a unit of length defined to be exactly equal to 149597870700 m. Historically, the astronomical unit was conceived as the average Earth-Sun distance (the average of Earth's aphelion and perihelion), before its modern redefinition in 2012.

The astronomical unit is used primarily for measuring distances within the Solar System or around other stars. It is also a fundamental component in the definition of another unit of astronomical length, the parsec. One au is approximately equivalent to 499 light-seconds.

Asymptotic giant branch
The asymptotic giant branch (AGB) is a region of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram populated by evolved cool luminous stars. This is a period of stellar evolution undertaken by all low- to intermediate-mass stars (about 0.5 to 8 solar masses) late in their lives.

Observationally, an asymptotic-giant-branch star will appear as a bright red giant with a luminosity ranging up to thousands of times greater than the Sun. Its interior structure is characterized by a central and largely inert core of carbon and oxygen, a shell where helium is undergoing fusion to form carbon (known as helium burning), another shell where hydrogen is undergoing fusion forming helium (known as hydrogen burning), and a very large envelope of material of composition similar to main-sequence stars (except in the case of carbon stars).