hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nasal consonant
In phonetics, a nasal, also called a nasal occlusive or nasal stop in contrast with an oral stop or nasalized consonant, is an occlusive consonant produced with a lowered velum, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. The vast majority of consonants are oral consonants. Examples of nasals in English are [n], [ŋ] and [m], in words such as nose, bring and mouth.

Nasal occlusives are nearly universal in human languages. There are also other kinds of nasal consonants in some languages.

Postalveolar consonant
Postalveolar (post-alveolar) consonants are consonants articulated with the tongue near or touching the back of the alveolar ridge. Articulation is farther back in the mouth than the alveolar consonants, which are at the ridge itself, but not as far back as the hard palate, the place of articulation for palatal consonants. Examples of postalveolar consonants are the English palato-alveolar consonants [ʃ] [tʃ] [ʒ] [dʒ], as in the words "ship", "'chill", "vision", and "jump", respectively.

There are many types of postalveolar sounds—especially among the sibilants. The three primary types are palato-alveolar (such as [ʃ ʒ], weakly palatalized; also alveopalatal), alveolo-palatal (such as [ɕ ʑ], strongly palatalized), and retroflex (such as [ʂ ʐ], unpalatalized). The palato-alveolar and alveolo-palatal subtypes are commonly counted as "palatals" in phonology since they rarely contrast with true palatal consonants.
Netflix
Netflix is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service. The service primarily distributes original and acquired films and television shows from various genres. It is available internationally in multiple languages.

Launched in 2007, nearly a decade after Netflix, Inc. began its pioneering DVD-by-mail movie rental service, Netflix is the most-subscribed video on demand streaming media service, with 325 million paid memberships in more than 190 countries as of 2026. By 2022, "Netflix Original" productions accounted for half of its library in the United States and the namesake company had ventured into other categories, such as video game publishing of mobile games through its flagship service. As of 2025, Netflix is the 18th most-visited website in the world, with 21.18% of its traffic coming from the United States, followed by the United Kingdom at 6.01%, Canada at 4.94%, and Brazil at 4.24%.

Someday or One Day
Someday or One Day (Chinese: 想見你; pinyin: Xiǎng Jiàn Nǐ; lit. 'Want to See You') is a Taiwanese TV drama released in 2019 directed by Huang Tien-jen (黃天仁), and stars Alice Ko, Greg Han, Patrick Shih and Kenny Yen. It was produced by Fox Networks Group Asia Pacific, Hualien Media International, and Three Phoenixes Production Co. Ltd. (三鳳製作), and received NT$22 million in subsidy from the Bureau of Audiovisual and Music Industry Development.

The drama aired on CTV every Sunday at 10:00 pm, from November 17, 2019, to February 16, 2020. After its finale, Someday or One Day was screened on Star Chinese Channel every other Saturday, with behind-the-scenes footage titled "想見你 不見不散" (lit. 'Wanting to see you - don't leave until we see each other') following each episode.

A theatrical version of the series (which serves as a semi-continuation and adaptation) was released in 2022.
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is a humanitarian movement with approximately 16 million volunteers, members, and staff worldwide. It was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all human beings, and to prevent and alleviate human suffering.

Concentration camp
A concentration camp is a prison or other facility used for the internment of political prisoners or politically targeted demographics, such as members of national or ethnic minority groups, on the grounds of national security, or for exploitation or punishment.

Prominent examples of historic concentration camps include the British confinement of non-combatants during the Second Boer War, the mass internment of Japanese-Americans by the US during the Second World War, the Nazi concentration camps (which later morphed into extermination camps), and the Soviet labour camps or gulag.
City of Willoughby
The City of Willoughby is a local government area on the Lower North Shore of Northern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) north of the Sydney central business district. It was first proclaimed in October 1865 as the Municipality of North Willoughby.

The main commercial centre of the City of Willoughby is Chatswood, home to one of Sydney's suburban skyscraper clusters. Other commercial centres are the suburbs of Willoughby, St Leonards and Artarmon. Willoughby is situated on an elevated plateau, and all of Sydney's television stations broadcast from towers in the area. Within the City of Willoughby is the Royal North Shore Hospital, located at St Leonards, one of Sydney's major hospitals.

The Council comprises an area of 23 square kilometres (8.9 sq mi), and as at the 2021 census had an estimated population of 75,613.

Northern Beaches Council
The Northern Beaches Council is a local government area located in the Northern Beaches region of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The council was formed on 12 May 2016 after the amalgamation of Manly, Pittwater, and Warringah councils.

The Council comprises an area of 254 square kilometres (98 sq mi) and as at the 2021 census had an estimated population of 263,554, making it the fourth-most populous local government area in New South Wales.

The Mayor of the Northern Beaches Council is Cr. Sue Heins, of the Your Northern Beaches Independent Team, since 16 May 2023.
Victorian Legislative Assembly
The Victorian Legislative Assembly is the state lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Victoria in Australia; the state upper house being the Victorian Legislative Council. Both houses sit at Parliament House in Spring Street, Melbourne. The main colour used for the upholstery and carpets furnishing the Chamber of the Legislative Assembly is green.

The presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly is the Speaker. There are presently 88 members of the Legislative Assembly elected from single-member divisions.

Electoral district of Port Fairy
38°22′S 142°14′E﻿ / ﻿38.367°S 142.233°E﻿ / -38.367; 142.233
Port Fairy was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Victoria from 1889 to 1927. 
It was created when the Electoral district of Belfast was renamed. Bryan O'Loghlen was the last member for Belfast, serving 1888–1889.

It centred on the coastal town of Port Fairy in western Victoria. It was replaced in 1927 by the Electoral district of Port Fairy and Glenelg.

In 2002, Port Fairy was incorporated into the South-West Coast electorate.  Denis Napthine has been the sitting member since 2002.
2025 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 2025 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships were held at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon from July 31 to August 3, 2025. They served as USA Track & Field's (USATF) national championships in track and field for the United States. The results of the event determined qualification for the September 13–21, 2025 World Athletics Championships held in Tokyo, Japan. Provided they achieved the World standard or were in the World Athletics ranking quota, the top three athletes in each event gained a place on the Team USA World team. In the event that a leading athlete did not hold the standard (or an athlete withdraws) the next-highest-finishing athlete with the standard was selected instead. USATF is expected to announce their World Championship roster based on these guidelines in August 2025.

2025 Kamila Skolimowska Memorial
The 2025 Kamila Skolimowska Memorial was the 16th edition of the annual outdoor track and field meeting in Chorzów, Poland. It will be held on 15 and 16 August at the Silesian Stadium, it was the twelfth leg of the 2025 Diamond League – the highest level international track and field circuit.
Condottiero
Condottieri (Italian: [kondotˈtjɛːri]; singular: condottiero or condottiere) were Italian military leaders active during the Middle Ages and the early modern period. The term originally referred specifically to commanders of mercenary companies, derived from the Italian word condotta—the contract under which they served a city-state or lord. The word condottiero thus meant 'contractor'. Over time, however, in Italian usage, condottiero came to mean any 'commander' or 'military leader'.

Fano
Fano (Italian: [ˈfaːno]) is a coastal city and comune of the province of Pesaro and Urbino in the Marche region of Italy located 12 kilometres (7 miles) southeast of Pesaro at the point where the Via Flaminia reaches the Adriatic Sea. As of 2021, it has a population of approximately 59,000, smaller than Ancona and Pesaro.
King of Romania
The King of Romania (Romanian: Regele României) or King of the Romanians (Romanian: Regele Românilor) was the title of the monarch of the Kingdom of Romania from 1881 until 1947, when the Romanian Workers' Party proclaimed the Romanian People's Republic following Michael I's forced abdication.

Ion G. Duca
Ion Gheorghe Duca (Romanian pronunciation: [iˈon ˈduka] ⓘ; 20 December 1879 – 30 December 1933) was a Romanian liberal politician, diplomat, and lawyer who briefly served as Prime Minister from November to December 1933. A leading figure in the National Liberal Party, Duca held multiple ministerial roles, including Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of the Interior. As Prime Minister, he sought to modernize Romania and strengthen Western alliances but faced severe opposition from the Iron Guard, a revolutionary fascist movement. His crackdown on the group led to his assassination on 30 December 1933. Duca is remembered as an outspoken opponent of fascism, for his commitment to democracy and modernization and as a symbol of interwar Romania’s political turmoil.
Municipalities of Switzerland
Municipalities (German: Gemeinden, Einwohnergemeinden or politische Gemeinden; French: communes; Italian: comuni; Romansh: vischnancas) are the lowest level of administrative division in Switzerland. Each municipality is part of one of the Swiss cantons, which form the Swiss Confederation. In most cantons, municipalities are also part of districts or other sub-cantonal administrative divisions.

There are 2,110 municipalities as of January 2026. Their populations range between several hundred thousand (Zürich), and a few dozen people (Kammersrohr, Bister), and their territory between 0.32 km² (Rivaz) and 439 km² (Scuol).

Brenles
Brenles  is a former municipality in the district Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.  In 2017 the former municipalities of Brenles, Chesalles-sur-Moudon, Cremin, Forel-sur-Lucens and Sarzens merged into the municipality of Lucens.
Free immersion apnea
Free immersion (FIM) is an AIDA International freediving discipline in which the freediver dives under water without the use of propulsion equipment, but only by pulling on the rope during descent and ascent.

Performances may be done head first or feet first during the descent, or a combination of the two.

The current record holders are Petar Klovar (Croatia) with a depth of 132m (433 feet) (CMAS rules), set on 6 Oct 2022 in Kaş, Antalya, Turkey, Alexey Molchanov (Russia) with a depth of 132 meters (433 feet) (AIDA rules), set on 21 July 2023 in Dean's Blue Hole, Bahamas, and among female freedivers  Sayuri Kinoshita (Japan) with 97 meters (318 feet), set on 26 July 2018 in the Bahamas (CMAS rules), Fatima Korok (Hungary), set on 26 July 2023 in the Bahamas (102m, AIDA rules).

Static apnea
Static apnea (STA) is a discipline in which a person holds their breath (apnea) underwater for as long as possible, and need not swim any distance.  Static apnea is defined by the International Association for Development of Apnea (AIDA International) and is distinguished from the Guinness World Record for breath holding underwater, which allows the use of oxygen in preparation.  It requires that the respiratory tract be immersed, with the body either in the water or at the surface, and may be performed in a pool or open water (sea, lake, river, etc.).  Static apnea is the only AIDA International discipline measuring duration, and one of the three disciplines considered for the international competitions by team, with constant weight and dynamic with fins.

Beta blockers (doping in sport of freediving; prolong every type of apnea by reducing heart rate, blood pressure and cardiac output) can prolong static apnea for up to 20%.
Iowa Writers' Workshop
The Iowa Writers' Workshop, at the University of Iowa, is a graduate-level creative writing program. At 90 years, it is the oldest writing program offering a Master of Fine Arts (MFA) degree in the United States. Its acceptance rate is between 2.7% and 3.7%. On the university's behalf, the workshop administers the Truman Capote Award for Literary Criticism and the Iowa Short Fiction Award.

The workshop's director is the writer Lan Samantha Chang, under whom its endowment has grown from $2.6 million to $12.5 million.

International Writing Program
The International Writing Program (IWP) is a writing residency for international artists in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. Since 2014, the program offers online courses to many writers and poets around the world. Since its inception in 1967, the IWP has hosted over 1,500 emerging and established poets, novelists, dramatists, essayists, and journalists from more than 150 countries. Its primary goal is to introduce talented writers to the writing community at the University of Iowa, and to provide for the writers a period of optimal conditions for their creative work. Since 2000, the IWP has been directed by poet and journalist Christopher Merrill.
Munster
Munster (Irish: an Mhumhain [ə ˈwuːnʲ] or Cúige Mumhan [ˌkuːɟə ˈmˠuːnˠ]) is the largest of the four provinces of Ireland, located in the south west of the island. In early Ireland, the Kingdom of Munster was one of the kingdoms of Gaelic Ireland ruled by a "king of over-kings" (Irish: rí ruirech). Following the Norman invasion of Ireland, the ancient kingdoms were shired into counties for administrative and judicial purposes. In later centuries, local government legislation has seen further sub-division of the historic counties.

Munster has no official function for local government purposes. For the purposes of the ISO, the province is listed as one of the provincial sub-divisions of the State (ISO 3166-2:IE) and coded as "IE-M". Munster covers an area of 24,675 km2 (9,527 sq mi). Its population was 1,373,346 in 2022, with Cork being the largest city. Other significant urban centres in the province include Limerick and Waterford.

Mac Con
Lugaid Mac Con, often known simply as Mac Con, was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a High King of Ireland. The Lebor Gabála Érenn synchronises Lugaid's reign with that of the Roman emperor Commodus (180–192). The chronology of Geoffrey Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn dates his reign to 173–203, and the Annals of the Four Masters dates his reign to 195–225. He had two sons, Fothad Cairpthech and Fothad Airgthech, who would later be joint High Kings.
Sutton Coldfield
Sutton Coldfield (/ˌsʌtən ˈkoʊldfiːld/ SUT-ən KOHLD-feeld pronunciationⓘ) is a town and civil parish in the city of Birmingham, West Midlands, England. The town lies around 8 miles northeast of Birmingham city centre, 8 miles south of Lichfield, 7 miles southwest of Tamworth, and 7 miles east of Walsall.

Sutton Coldfield and its surrounding suburbs are governed under Birmingham City Council for local government purposes but the town has its own town council which governs the town and its surrounding areas by running local services and electing a mayor to the council. It is in the historic county of Warwickshire, and in 1974 it became part of Birmingham and the West Midlands metropolitan county under the Local Government Act 1972.

54th Anti-Aircraft Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 54th Anti-Aircraft Brigade was an air defence formation of Britain's Territorial Army (TA) formed immediately before the outbreak of the Second World War. It was engaged in defending the West Midlands of England during the war. It comprised a varying number of searchlight (S/L) battalions and later included light anti-aircraft units. It was disbanded at the end of 1943. When the TA was reconstituted in 1947, the former 54th AA Bde was reformed as 80 Anti-Aircraft Brigade but was disbanded on 9 September 1948.
Shigeo Okumura
Shigeo Okumura (奥村 茂雄, Okumura Shigeo; born May 25, 1972) is a Japanese professional wrestler who works for the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) and is billed as Okumura. He also performs for Major League Wrestling (MLW), where he is a former two-time MLW World Tag Team Champion with Satoshi Kojima. Okumura originally worked for Tokyo Pro Wrestling (TPW) and later on All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) in Japan but moved to Mexico in 2005 to work for CMLL full-time. Okumura usually teams up with wrestlers from Japan who visit CMLL, currently as a group known as La Ola Amarilla (Spanish for "The Yellow Wave"). Okumura and Yujiro won the 2009 version of the Gran Alternativa tournament.

CMLL Universal Championship (2010)
The CMLL Universal Championship 2010 (Campeonato Universal in Spanish) was a professional wrestling annual tournament produced by Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) took take place over three CMLL Super Viernes shows between July 30, 2010 and August 13, 2010 in Arena México, Mexico City, Mexico. The CMLL Universal Championship is an annual tournament of CMLL Champions that was first held in 2009. All officially recognized male CMLL Champions participated in a 16-man tournament. In the finals CMLL World Middleweight Champion Jushin Thunder Liger defeated CMLL World Trios Champion La Sombra to win the tournament.
Phi Beta Kappa
The Phi Beta Kappa Society (ΦΒΚ) is the oldest academic honor society in the United States. Founded in 1776 at the College of William & Mary in Virginia, Phi Beta Kappa aims to promote and advocate excellence in the liberal arts and sciences, and to induct outstanding students of arts and sciences at select American colleges and universities. Since its inception, its inducted members include 17 United States presidents, 42 United States Supreme Court justices, and 136 Nobel laureates.

American Sociological Association
The American Sociological Association (ASA) is a non-profit organization dedicated to advancing the discipline and profession of sociology. Founded in December 1905 as the American Sociological Society at Johns Hopkins University by a group of fifty people, the first president of the association was Lester Frank Ward. Today, most of its members work in academia, while around 20 percent of them work in government, business, or non-profit organizations.

ASA publishes ten academic journals and magazines, along with four section journals, including the American Sociological Review and Contexts.

The ASA had 9,893 members in 2023, as an association of sociologists even larger than the International Sociological Association. It is composed of researchers, students, college/university faculty, high school faculty, and various practitioners The "American Sociological Association Annual Meeting" is an annual academic conference held by the association consisting of over 4,000 participants.
Professional wrestling match types
Many types of wrestling matches, sometimes called "gimmick matches" in the jargon of the business, are performed in professional wrestling. Some gimmick matches are more common than others and are often used to advance or conclude a storyline. Throughout professional wrestling's decades-long history, some gimmick matches have spawned many variations of the core concept.

NXT TakeOver: Brooklyn 4
NXT TakeOver: Brooklyn 4 was the 21st NXT TakeOver and the fourth and final TakeOver: Brooklyn professional wrestling livestreaming event produced by WWE. It was held exclusively for wrestlers from the promotion's NXT brand division. The event aired exclusively on the WWE Network and took place on August 18, 2018, at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York as part of that year's SummerSlam weekend.

Seven matches were contested at the event, including two taped for the August 22 episode of NXT. In the main event, Tommaso Ciampa defeated Johnny Gargano in a Last Man Standing match to retain the NXT Championship. In other prominent matches, Kairi Sane defeated Shayna Baszler to win the NXT Women's Championship, and Ricochet defeated Adam Cole to win the NXT North American Championship.
Late Cretaceous
The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the more recent of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous is named after creta, the Latin word for the white limestone known as chalk. The chalk of northern France and the white cliffs of south-eastern England date from the  Cretaceous Period.

Somphospondyli
Somphospondyli is an extinct clade of titanosauriform sauropods that lived from the Late Jurassic until the end of the Late Cretaceous, comprising all titanosauriforms more closely related to Titanosauria proper than Brachiosauridae. The remains of somphospondylans have been discovered on all continents.
Lanner falcon
The lanner falcon (Falco biarmicus) is a medium-sized bird of prey that breeds in Africa, southeast Europe and just into Asia. It prefers open habitat and is mainly resident, but some birds disperse more widely after the breeding season. A large falcon, it preys on birds and bats. Most likely either the lanner or peregrine falcon was the sacred species of falcon to the ancient Egyptians, and some ancient Egyptian deities, like Ra and Horus, were often represented as a man with the head of a lanner falcon.

Rock kestrel
The rock kestrel (Falco rupicolus) is a bird of prey species belonging to the kestrel group of the falcon family Falconidae. It was previously considered a subspecies of the common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus).

This species occurs in Africa, from northwestern Angola and southern Democratic Republic of Congo to southern Tanzania, and south to South Africa.
Anemometer
In meteorology, an anemometer (from Ancient Greek  άνεμος (ánemos) 'wind' and  μέτρον (métron) 'measure') is a device that measures wind speed and direction. It is a common instrument used in weather stations. The earliest known description of an anemometer was by Italian architect and author Leon Battista Alberti (1404–1472) in 1450.

Beaufort scale
The Beaufort scale (/ˈboʊfərt/ BOH-fərt) is an empirical measure that relates wind speed to observed conditions at sea or on land. Its full name is the Beaufort wind force scale. It was devised in 1805 by Francis Beaufort, a hydrographer in the British Royal Navy. It was officially adopted by the Royal Navy and later spread internationally.