hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thermobaric weapon
A thermobaric weapon, also called an aerosol bomb, or a vacuum bomb, is a type of explosive munition that works by dispersing an aerosol cloud of gas, liquid or powdered explosive. This allows the chemical combustion to proceed using atmospheric oxygen, so that the weapon does not need to include an oxidizer.

The fuel is usually a single compound, rather than a mixture of multiple substances. Many types of thermobaric weapons can be fitted to hand-held launchers, and can also be launched from airplanes.

Incendiary device
Incendiary weapons, incendiary devices, incendiary munitions, or incendiary bombs are weapons designed to start fires. They may destroy structures or sensitive equipment using fire, and sometimes operate as anti-personnel weaponry. Incendiaries utilize materials such as napalm, thermite, magnesium powder, chlorine trifluoride, or white phosphorus. Though colloquially often called "bombs", they are not explosives but in fact operate to slow the process of chemical reactions and use ignition rather than detonation to start or maintain the reaction. Napalm, for example, is petroleum especially thickened with certain chemicals into a gel to slow, but not stop, combustion, releasing energy over a longer time than an explosive device. In the case of napalm, the gel adheres to surfaces and resists suppression.
Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak
Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak, also known as the Ranjitram Gold Medal, was founded by Gujarat Sahitya Sabha and is considered the highest literary award in Gujarati literature. The award is named after renowned Gujarati writer Ranjitram Mehta. It is awarded since 1928. The award has not been presented since 2015.

Premanand Suvarna Chandrak
The Premanand Suvarna Chandrak or Premanand Gold Medal is a literary honour awarded every two years, though sometimes annually, to an established Gujarati writer in order to recognize and promote excellence in Gujarati writing. It is given by an institute of literature, the Premanand Sahitya Bhavan of Vadodara, in remembrance of the Gujarati poet with which it shares its name, Premanand Bhatt. Established in 1916 as the Gujarati Sahitya Sabha and renamed to be the Premanand Sahitya Bhavan in 1944, the organization and institute started this medal in 1983.
Ross County, Ohio
Ross County is a county in the Appalachian region of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 77,093. Its county seat is Chillicothe, the first and third capital of Ohio. Established on August 20, 1798, the county is named for Federalist Senator James Ross of Pennsylvania.
Ross County comprises the Chillicothe, OH Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Columbus-Marion-Zanesville, OH Combined Statistical Area.

Perry County, Ohio
Perry County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 35,408. Its county seat is New Lexington. It was established on March 1, 1818, from parts of Fairfield, Washington and Muskingum counties. The county is named for Oliver Hazard Perry, a hero of the War of 1812. Perry County is included in the Columbus, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area. One of the poorest counties in the state, this is where the lawsuit challenging Ohio's school funding system, DeRolph v. State, began.
Himantandraceae
Himantandraceae is a family of flowering plants recognized by the APG II system of 2003, assigned to the order Magnoliales in the clade magnoliids. The family consists of only one genus, Galbulimima, of probably two species, trees and shrubs, found in tropical areas in Southeast Asia and Australia.

Plants in this family are aromatic trees covered with peltate, scaly indumentum. The leaves are entire and alternate, but stipules are absent. Flowers are either solitary or paired on short axillary branches. Each flower contains about seven petals and about forty stamens, though the stamens and petals look very similar.

Symplocaceae
Symplocaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Ericales. It includes a single genus, Symplocos, with about 400 described species. The family has an "amphi-Pacific tropical" distribution, which includes India through to Korea and Japan, mainland and maritime Southeast Asia, eastern Australia, the western Pacific, southeast United States, Central America and much of South America. Plants in the family Symplocaceae are generally trees or shrubs, and are found in humid, tropical, montane forests within their range.
Papal coronation
A papal coronation was the formal ceremony of the placing of the papal tiara on a newly elected pope. The first recorded papal coronation was of Pope Nicholas I in 858. The most recent was the 1963 coronation of Paul VI, who soon afterwards abandoned the practice of wearing the tiara. To date, none of his successors have used the tiara, and their papal inauguration celebrations have included no coronation ceremony, although any future pope may elect to restore the use of the tiara at any point during his pontificate.

The papal inauguration celebration, with or without a coronation, has only symbolic significance, as a pope assumes office immediately upon accepting his election during the conclave.

In Spanish, the term La Coronación Pontificia (English: "Pontifical Coronation") is sometimes used for the canonical coronation of religious images through a formal, expressed Pontifical decree by a reigning pope.

Mitre
The mitre (Commonwealth English) or miter (American English; see spelling differences; both pronounced /ˈmaɪtər/ MY-tər; Greek: μίτρα, romanized: mítra, lit. 'headband') is a type of headgear now known as the traditional, ceremonial headdress of bishops and certain abbots in traditional Christianity. Mitres are worn in the Catholic Church, Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church (IOC), Malankara Syrian Orthodox Church (Jacobites), Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, the Anglican Communion, some Lutheran churches, for important ceremonies, by the Metropolitan of the Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church, and also, in the Catholic Church, all cardinals, whether or not bishops, and some Eastern Orthodox archpriests.
Konye-Urgench
Konye-Urgench (Persian: کهنه گرگانج, romanized: Kuhna Gurgānj, lit. 'Old Gurgānj'), also known as Köneürgenç, Old Urgench or Urganj, is a city in north Turkmenistan, just south from its border with Uzbekistan. In 2022, it had a total population of 37,176 people.

It is the site of the ancient town of Gurgānj, which contains the ruins of the capital of Khwarazm. The inhabitants of the ancient city deserted in the early eighteenth century in order to develop a new settlement, and Konye-Urgench has remained undisturbed ever since. In 2005, the ruins of Old Urgench were inscribed on the UNESCO List of World Heritage Sites.

Daşoguz
Daşoguz (Turkmen pronunciation: [ˌdɑːʃoˈʁuːð]), formerly known as Tashauz (Russian: Ташауз [təʂɐˈus]) until 1992 and Dashkhovuz (Russian: Дашховуз [dəʂxɐˈvus]) until 1999, is a city in northern Turkmenistan and the capital of Daşoguz Province. The border with Uzbekistan is about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) away.
Compton, California
Compton is a city located in the Gateway Cities region of southern Los Angeles County, California, United States, situated south of downtown Los Angeles. Compton is one of the oldest cities in the county, and on May 11, 1888, was the eighth city in Los Angeles County to incorporate. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 95,740. It is known as the "Hub City" due to its geographic centrality in Los Angeles County, though it is actually near the southern end of the county. Neighborhoods in Compton include Sunny Cove, Leland, downtown Compton, and Richland Farms.

MC Eiht
Aaron Bernard Tyler (born May 22, 1971), better known by his stage name MC Eiht (pronounced "MC Eight"), is an American rapper and actor. Many of his songs are based on his life in Compton, California. His stage name was partly inspired by the numeral in KRS-One's name. He chose Eiht for its links to "hood culture", including Olde English 800 (8 Ball) and .38 caliber firearms. He is the de facto leader of West Coast hip-hop group Compton's Most Wanted, which also included fellow Compton-based rappers Boom Bam, The Unknown DJ, Tha Chill, DJ Slip, DJ Mike T, and Ant Capone. He is also known for his role as A-Wax in the teen crime drama film Menace II Society (1993), as well as voicing the character Ryder in the action-adventure game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas (2004). He is also the co-host of the podcast Gangster Chronicles.
New York Court of Appeals
The New York Court of Appeals is the highest court in the Unified Court System of the State of New York. It consists of seven judges: the chief judge and six associate judges, who are appointed by the governor and confirmed by the state senate to 14-year terms. The chief judge of the Court of Appeals also heads administration of the state's court system, and thus is also known as the chief judge of the State of New York. The Court of Appeals was founded in 1847 and is located in the New York Court of Appeals Building in Albany, New York.

Samuel Seabury (judge)
Samuel Seabury (February 22, 1873 – May 7, 1958) was an American lawyer and politician from New York. Seabury is famous for dedicating himself to a campaign against the corrupt Tammany dominance of New York City politics.  He later presided over the extensive 1930–32 investigations of corruption in the New York City municipal government, which became known as the 'Seabury Hearings'.  Seabury became a Georgist after reading Progress and Poverty.
Kigwancha Sports Club
Kigwancha Sports Club or Kigwancha Sports Team (Korean: 기관차체육단; 'locomotive'), known as the Sinuiju Locomotive Sports Club is a North Korean multi-sports club belonging to the Korean State Railway and based in Sinuiju. It was established on 11 January 1956, and has been awarded the Order of Kim Il-sung and the Order of the National Flag (First Class). The club is best known for its men's and women's football teams.

Kigwancha's men presently play in the DPR Korea Premier Football League, and won several championships in the late 1990s. The club finished third in the 2006 season. They have taken part in continental competition once, finishing second in their group in the group stage of the 2017 AFC Cup.

Hwaebul Sports Club
Hwaebul Sports Club is a professional football club from Pochon, North Korea, founded in 2013. It is the sports club of the Kimilsungist-Kimjongilist Youth League and is based at the 5,000 capacity Hwaebul Stadium. The club plays in the DPR Korea Premier Football League.
Non-directional beacon
A non-directional beacon (NDB) or non-directional radio beacon is a radio beacon which does not include inherent directional information. Radio beacons are radio transmitters at a known location, used as an aviation or marine navigational aid. NDB are in contrast to directional radio beacons and other navigational aids, such as low-frequency radio range, VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) and tactical air navigation system (TACAN).

NDB signals follow the curvature of the Earth, so they can be received at much greater distances at lower altitudes, a major advantage over VOR. However, NDB signals are also affected more by atmospheric conditions, mountainous terrain, coastal refraction and electrical storms, particularly at long range. The system, developed by United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) Captain Albert Francis Hegenberger, was used to fly the world's first instrument approach on May 9, 1932.

Instrument landing system localizer
An instrument landing system localizer, or simply localizer (LOC, or LLZ prior to 2007), is a system of horizontal guidance in the instrument landing system, which is used to guide aircraft along the axis of the runway.
Every Time I Die
Every Time I Die was an American metalcore band from Buffalo, New York, formed in 1998. For most of the band's career, the line-up was centred on brothers Keith (vocals) and Jordan Buckley (guitar), as well as rhythm guitarist Andy Williams, with bassist Stephen Micciche also being in the band for a cumulative 15 of the band's 24 years. After spending the first decade of their career on the Ferret Music label, they signed with Epitaph Records in 2008 and remained there until their split in early 2022. Every Time I Die released nine studio albums, with their final album Radical being released in October 2021.

The band garnered acclaim for their energetic and intense live shows, as well as their constantly evolving sound – with Kerrang! noting that the band "shaped the cutting edge of modern metalcore."

August Burns Red
August Burns Red is an American metalcore band from Lancaster, Pennsylvania, formed in 2003. The band's lineup of guitarists John Benjamin "JB" Brubaker and Brent Rambler, drummer Matt Greiner, lead vocalist Jake Luhrs and bassist Dustin Davidson has remained consistent since 2006. The band was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2016 for Best Metal Performance for the song "Identity" from its 2015 release Found in Far Away Places, and again in 2018 for "Invisible Enemy" from Phantom Anthem (2017). The band has released ten studio albums to date; their latest, Death Below, was released in 2023.
Beta sheet
The beta sheet (β-sheet, also β-pleated sheet) is a common motif of the regular protein secondary structure. Beta sheets consist of beta strands (β-strands) connected laterally by at least two or three backbone hydrogen bonds, forming a generally twisted, pleated sheet. A β-strand is a stretch of polypeptide chain typically 3 to 10 amino acids long with backbone in an extended conformation. The supramolecular association of β-sheets has been implicated in the formation of the fibrils and protein aggregates observed in amyloidosis,  Alzheimer's disease and other proteinopathies.

Peptide bond
In organic chemistry, a peptide bond is an amide type of covalent chemical bond linking two consecutive alpha-amino acids from C1 (carbon number one) of one alpha-amino acid and N2 (nitrogen number two) of another, along a peptide or protein chain.

It can also be called a eupeptide bond to distinguish it from an isopeptide bond, which is another type of amide bond between two amino acids.
Winchester Repeating Arms Company
The Winchester Repeating Arms Company was a prominent American manufacturer of repeating firearms and ammunition. The firm was established in 1866 by Oliver Winchester and was located in New Haven, Connecticut. The firm went into receivership in 1931 and was bought by the Western Cartridge Company, a forerunner of the Olin Corporation. The Winchester brand name is still owned by the Olin Corporation, which makes ammunition under that name. The Winchester name is also used under license for firearms produced by two subsidiaries of the Herstal Group – FN Herstal of Belgium and the Browning Arms Company of Ogden, Utah.

Federal Premium Ammunition
Federal Premium Ammunition is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Czechoslovak Group, located in Anoka, Minnesota.  With a workforce of nearly 1,500, Federal manufactures shotshell, centerfire, and rimfire ammunition and components.
Cookeville, Tennessee
Cookeville is the county seat of and the largest city in Putnam County, Tennessee, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, its population was reported to be 34,842. It is recognized as one of the country's micropolitan areas, smaller cities that function as significant regional economic hubs. Of Tennessee's 20 micropolitan areas, Cookeville is the largest.

At the 2020 census, the Cookeville micropolitan area's population was 141,333. The U.S. Census Bureau ranked the Cookeville micropolitan area as the 4th largest-gaining micropolitan area in the country between 2022 and 2023, with a one-year gain of 2,748 and a 2023 population of 148,226. The city is a college town, home to Tennessee Technological University.

Tennessee State Route 56
State Route 56 (SR 56) is a 160.6-mile-long (258.5 km) state highway that runs south to north in Middle Tennessee, from the Alabama state line near Sherwood to the Kentucky state line near Red Boiling Springs.

SR 56 is secondary south of Sewanee. It is primary (but unsigned) along US 41A and US 41 between Sewanee and Tracy City. From Tracy City to the Kentucky line, SR 56 is a signed primary route (including at both ends of its concurrency with Interstate 40), except west from North Springs to Willette, where SR 151 carries primary traffic more directly to Red Boiling Springs.
Imam
Imam (/ɪˈmɑːm/; Arabic: إمام, imām; pl.: أئمة, a'immah) is an Islamic leadership position. For Sunni Muslims, imam is most commonly used as the title of a prayer leader of a mosque. In this context, imams may lead Islamic prayers, serve as community leaders, and provide religious guidance. Thus for Sunnis, anyone can study the basic Islamic teachings and become an imam.

For most Shia Muslims, the imams are absolute infallible leaders of the Islamic community after the Prophet. Shias consider the term to be only applicable to the members and descendants of the Ahl al-Bayt, the family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. In Twelver Shi'ism there are 14 infallibles, 12 of which are imams, the final being Imam Mahdi who will return at the end of times. The title was also used by the Zaidi Shia imams of Yemen, who eventually founded the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (1918–1970).

Quba Mosque
The Quba Mosque is a mosque located in Medina, in the Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia, first built in the lifetime of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the 7th century CE. It is thought to be the first mosque in the world, established on the first day of Muhammad's emigration to Medina. Its first stone is said to have been laid by the prophet, and the structure completed by his companions. The mosque was subsequently modified across the centuries until the 1980s, when it was completely replaced by a new building that stands today.
San Martín de San Juan
Club Atlético San Martín, mostly known as San Martín de San Juan, is an Argentine football club from the city of San Juan. The team currently plays in the Primera Nacional, the second division of the Argentine football league system.

It was founded on 27 September 1907 and is considered the best club of the San Juan Province.

2014 Primera B Nacional
The 2014 Argentine Primera B Nacional was the 29th season of the professional Argentine second division. A total of 22 teams competed. For this season, AFA decided to change the structure in the Argentine football league system, and because of this 10 teams were promoted to Primera División, with no relegations.
Huntingdonshire
Huntingdonshire (/ˈhʌntɪŋdənʃər, -ʃɪər/; abbreviated Hunts) is a local government district in Cambridgeshire, England. 
The district had a population of 180,800 at the 2021 census, and has an area of 354.3 square miles (918 km2). The largest towns are St Neots (33,410), Huntingdon (25,428), and St Ives (16,815). The district council is based in Huntingdon.

Historically a county in its own right, Huntingdonshire's boundaries were established in the Anglo-Saxon era. Huntingdonshire became an administrative county in 1889. In 1965, it was merged with the Soke of Peterborough to form Huntingdon and Peterborough, which was in turn merged with Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely in 1974 to form Cambridgeshire, of which Huntingdonshire is now a district.

Papworth St Agnes
Papworth St Agnes is a village and civil parish in South Cambridgeshire, England. The population of the village is included in the civil parish of Graveley  It has also been known as Papworth Magna, to distinguish it from the adjoining Papworth Everard and Papworth Parva. The name of the village does not come from any church of St Agnes, but from a certain Agnes de Papewurda, c1160.
1976 Campeonato Paulista
The 1976 Campeonato Paulista da Divisão Especial de Futebol Profissional was the 75th season of São Paulo's top professional football league. Palmeiras won the championship for the 18th time. No teams were relegated. Botafogo's Sócrates was the highest goalscorer, with 15 goals.

1974 Campeonato Paulista
The 1974 Campeonato Paulista da Divisão Especial de Futebol Profissional, organized by the Federação Paulista de Futebol, was the 73rd season of São Paulo's top professional football league. Palmeiras won the championship by the 17th time, becoming the greatest champion of São Paulo, remaining in that position until 1982, when Corinthians won their 18th title and surpassed the rival in state achievements. In the 1974 season, the runner-up was the Corinthians team, who had already gone for twenty years without winning the Paulista title. No teams were relegated and the top scorer was Botafogo's Geraldão with 23 goals.
Irreducible representation
In mathematics, specifically in the representation theory of groups and algebras, an irreducible representation  or irrep of an algebraic structure  is a nonzero representation that has no proper nontrivial subrepresentation , with  closed under the action of .

Every finite-dimensional unitary representation on a Hilbert space  is the direct sum of irreducible representations. Irreducible representations are always indecomposable (i.e. cannot be decomposed further into a direct sum of representations), but the converse may not hold, e.g. the two-dimensional representation of the real numbers acting by upper triangular unipotent matrices is indecomposable but reducible.

Characteristic (algebra)
In mathematics, the characteristic of a ring R, often denoted char(R), is defined to be the smallest positive number of copies of the ring's multiplicative identity (1) that will sum to the additive identity (0). If no such number exists, the ring is said to have characteristic zero.

That is, char(R) is the smallest positive number n such that:(p 198, Thm. 23.14)

if such a number n exists, and 0 otherwise.
Nordland
Nordland (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈnûːrlɑn] ⓘ; Lule Sami: Nordlánnda, Southern Sami: Nordlaante, Northern Sami: Nordlánda, lit. 'Northland') is one of the three northernmost counties in Norway in the Northern Norway region, bordering Troms in the north, Trøndelag in the south, Norrbotten County in Sweden to the east, Västerbotten County to the south-east, and the Atlantic Ocean (Norwegian Sea) to the west. The county was formerly known as Nordlandene amt. The county administration is in the town of Bodø. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen has been administered from Nordland since 1995. In the southern part of the county is Vega, listed on the UNESCO World Heritage Site list.

Silvalen
Silvalen or Herøyholmen is the administrative centre of Herøy Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The village is located on two different islands, Nord-Herøy and Sør-Herøy, with the Herøysundet strait running between them. The Herøysundet Bridge crosses the strait, connecting both sides of the village. Herøy Church is located in the southern part of the village.

The 0.98-square-kilometre (240-acre) village has a population (2024) of 860 and a population density of 878 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,270/sq mi).