hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Calcite
Calcite is a carbonate mineral and the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). It is a very common mineral, particularly as a component of limestone. Calcite defines hardness 3 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, based on scratch hardness comparison. Large calcite crystals are used in optical equipment, and limestone composed mostly of calcite has numerous uses.

Other polymorphs of calcium carbonate are the minerals aragonite and vaterite. Aragonite will change to calcite over timescales of days or less at temperatures exceeding 300 °C, and vaterite is even less stable.

Gehlenite
Gehlenite, (Ca2Al[AlSiO7]), is a sorosilicate, Al-rich endmember of the melilite complete solid solution series with akermanite.
The type locality is in the Monzoni Mountains, Fassa Valley in Trentino in Italy, and is named after the Adolf Ferdinand Gehlen (1775–1815) by A.J. Fuchs in 1815.
Mamasapano
Mamasapano, officially the Municipality of Mamasapano (Maguindanaon: Ingud nu Mamasapano; Iranun: Inged a Mamasapano; Tagalog: Bayan ng Mamasapano), is a municipality in the province of Maguindanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 27,807.

Datu Piang
Piang Tan (Maguindanaon pronunciation: [daːtʊ pɪjaːŋ]; 1846–1933) a Maguindanaon-Chinese ruler, popularly known as Datu Piang, is often referred to as the Grand Old Man of Cotabato. He was one of the most powerful rulers in Maguindanao from the end of Spanish rule to the arrival of American forces in late 1899.

Sometimes referred to as Amai Mingka, he was recognized as the undisputed Moro leader in Central Mindanao when the United States Army occupied and administered what was then referred to as "Moroland".
Apomorphy and synapomorphy
In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to have evolved in their most recent common ancestor.

In cladistics, synapomorphy implies homology.

Examples of apomorphy are the presence of erect gait, fur, the evolution of three middle ear bones, and mammary glands in mammals but not in other vertebrate animals, such as amphibians or reptiles, which have retained their ancestral traits of a sprawling gait and lack of fur. Thus, these derived traits are also synapomorphies of mammals in general as they are not shared by other vertebrate animals.

Maniraptora
Maniraptora is a clade of coelurosaurian dinosaurs which includes birds and the non-avian dinosaurs that were more closely related to them than to Ornithomimus velox. It contains the major subgroups Avialae, Dromaeosauridae, Troodontidae, Oviraptorosauria, and Therizinosauria. Ornitholestes and the Alvarezsauroidea are also often included. Together with the next closest sister group, the Ornithomimosauria, Maniraptora comprises the more inclusive clade Maniraptoriformes. Maniraptorans first appear in the fossil record during the Jurassic Period (see Eshanosaurus), and survive today as living birds.
1989 Soviet census
The 1989 Soviet census (Russian: Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989, lit. '1989 All-Union Census'), conducted between 12 and 19 January of that year, was the final census carried out in the Soviet Union. The census found the total population to be 286,730,819 inhabitants. In 1989, the Soviet Union ranked as the third most populous country in the world, above the United States (with 248,709,873 inhabitants according to the 1990 census), although it was well below China and India.

Pushkinogorsky District
Pushkinogorsky District (Russian: Пушкиного́рский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Pskov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Ostrovsky District in the north, Novorzhevsky District in the east, Opochetsky District in the south, and with Krasnogorodsky District in the west. The area of the district is 1,059 square kilometers (409 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Pushkinskiye Gory. Population: 9,253 (2010 Census); 11,694 (2002 Census); 13,566 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Pushkinskiye Gory accounts for 56.4% of the district's total population.
Darlington
Darlington is a market town in the Borough of Darlington, County Durham, England. It lies on the River Skerne, 13 miles (21 km) west of Middlesbrough and 17 miles (27 km) south of Durham. Darlington had a population of 107,800 at the 2021 Census, making it a "large town" and one of the largest settlements in North East England. The town is linked to London, Leeds, York, Newcastle and Edinburgh by the East Coast Main Line railway and the A1 road.

50th (Northumbrian) Signal Regiment
50 (Northumbrian) Signal Regiment was a Territorial Army (TA) unit of the British Army's Royal Corps of Signals. It had its origins in a signal company and a cyclist battalion formed in 1908 and it provided the divisional signals for the 50th (Northumbrian) Division and its duplicates during World War II. Its successors continued in the postwar TA until 2009.
Apatite
Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals, usually hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite and chlorapatite, with high concentrations of OH−, F− and Cl− ion, respectively, in the crystal. The formula of the admixture of the three most common endmembers is written as Ca10(PO4)6(OH,F,Cl)2, and the crystal unit cell formulae of the individual minerals are written as Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, Ca10(PO4)6F2 and Ca10(PO4)6Cl2.

The mineral was named apatite by the German geologist Abraham Gottlob Werner in 1786, although the specific mineral he had described was reclassified as fluorapatite in 1860 by the German mineralogist Karl Friedrich August Rammelsberg. Apatite is often mistaken for other minerals. This tendency is reflected in the mineral's name, which is derived from the Greek word ἀπατάω (apatáō), which means to deceive.

As hydroxyapatite, it forms a major part of the teeth and bones of vertebrate animals.

Aragonite
Aragonite is a carbonate mineral and one of the three most common naturally occurring crystal forms of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), the others being calcite and vaterite. It is formed by biological and physical processes, including precipitation from marine and freshwater environments.

The crystal lattice of aragonite differs from that of calcite, resulting in a different crystal shape, an orthorhombic crystal system with acicular crystal. Repeated twinning results in pseudo-hexagonal forms. Aragonite may be columnar or fibrous, occasionally in branching helictitic forms called flos-ferri ("flowers of iron") from their association with the ores at the Carinthian iron mines.
Siena FC SSD
Siena Football Club Società Sportiva Dilettantistica, commonly referred to as Siena, is an Italian football club based in Siena, Tuscany. The club was re-incorporated in 2020 after the bankruptcy of the previous legal entity Robur Siena, which itself was the reincarnation of the original club Associazione Calcio Siena. Siena's predecessor was founded in 1904.

Siena plays its home games at the Stadio Artemio Franchi. The ground's capacity is 15,373 and is located in the centre of Siena.

US Cremonese
Unione Sportiva Cremonese, commonly referred to as Cremonese, is an Italian professional football club based in Cremona, Lombardy, which plays in Serie A following their promotion from Serie B in the 2024–25 season via the playoffs.
Sumner, New Zealand
Sumner is a coastal seaside suburb of Christchurch, New Zealand, and was surveyed and named in 1849 in honour of John Bird Sumner, the newly appointed Archbishop of Canterbury and president of the Canterbury Association. Originally a separate borough, it was later amalgamated with the city of Christchurch as communications improved and the economies of scale made small-town boroughs uneconomic to operate.

Woolston, New Zealand
Woolston is an industrial and residential suburb of Christchurch in the South Island of New Zealand. It is situated 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) southeast of the city centre, close to major arterial routes including State Highways 74 and 76 to Banks Peninsula. The Heathcote River flows through the suburb.

Woolston became a district in 1882, and remained a self-governing borough until November 1921, when it was amalgamated with Christchurch. Over the 20th century the area grew to become the centre of the New Zealand rubber industry. Woolston's population predominantly consists of European New Zealanders.
Walt Garrison
Walter Benton Garrison (July 23, 1944 – October 11, 2023) was an American professional football player who was a fullback for nine seasons with the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Oklahoma State Cowboys.

Ralph Neely
Ralph Eugene Neely (September 12, 1943 – January 5, 2022) was an American professional football player who was an offensive tackle for the Dallas Cowboys in the National Football League (NFL). He played 13 seasons and 172 games for the Cowboys from 1965 to 1977.
Ryan Day (snooker player)
Ryan Day (born 23 March 1980) is a Welsh professional snooker player. He is a prolific break-builder, having compiled over 450 century breaks during his career, including four maximum breaks. He is a three-time World Championship quarter-finalist, has been ranked at no. 6 in the world and has won four ranking tournaments.

2016 Shanghai Masters
The 2016 Bank of Communications OTO Shanghai Masters was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 19 and 25 September 2016 at the Shanghai Grand Stage in Shanghai, China. The 10th edition of the tournament since it was first held in 2007, it was the fifth ranking event of the 2016/2017 season.

Kyren Wilson was the defending champion, but he lost 2–5 to Michael Holt in the last 32.

Stephen Maguire made the 120th official maximum break in the third frame of his wildcard round match against Xu Yichen. It was Maguire's third professional maximum break.

Ding Junhui won the 12th ranking title of his career, defeating Mark Selby 10–6 in the final. He also became the first second-time winner in the history of the event.
Cruel and unusual punishment
"Cruel and unusual punishment"  is a phrase in common law describing punishment that is considered unacceptable due to the suffering, pain, or humiliation it inflicts on the person subjected to the sanction.  The precise definition varies by jurisdiction, but typically includes punishments that are arbitrary, unnecessary, or overly severe compared to the crime.

United States Reports
The United States Reports (ISSN 0891-6845) are the official record (law reports) of the Supreme Court of the United States. They include rulings, orders, case tables (list of every case decided), in alphabetical order both by the name of the petitioner (the losing party in lower courts) and by the name of the respondent (the prevailing party below), and other proceedings. United States Reports, once printed and bound, are the final version of court opinions and cannot be changed.

Opinions of the court in each case are prepended with a headnote prepared by the reporter of decisions, and any concurring or dissenting opinions are published sequentially. The Court's Publication Office oversees the binding and publication of the volumes of United States Reports, although the actual printing, binding, and publication are performed by private firms under contract with the United States Government Publishing Office.
Lincoln Parish, Louisiana
Lincoln Parish (French: Paroisse de Lincoln) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 48,396. The parish was created on February 24, 1873, from parts of Bienville, Claiborne, Union, and Jackson parishes, and its boundaries have changed only once (in 1877). This makes Lincoln Parish one of the Reconstruction parishes.

The parish seat was Vienna from the parish's creation in 1873 until 1884, when a parish-wide vote moved it to the new railroad town of Ruston.

Lincoln Parish comprises the Ruston micropolitan statistical area.

Grant Parish, Louisiana
Grant Parish is a parish located in the North Central portion of the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 22,169. The parish seat is Colfax. The parish was founded in 1869 during the Reconstruction era.

Grant Parish is part of the Alexandria, LA Metropolitan Statistical Area and Red River Valley. From 1940 to 1960, the parish had a dramatic population loss, as many African Americans from the plantation areas left in the Great Migration to seek better opportunities in the North and West. Such migration continued until about 1970. One of the eleven parishes organized during Reconstruction, Grant was created from parts of Winn and Rapides parishes.

Grant Parish is the site of United States Penitentiary, Pollock.
Janice Battersby
Janice Battersby (also Lee) is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera Coronation Street. Played by Vicky Entwistle, the character first appeared on-screen during the episode airing on 6 January 1997.

On 2 August 2010, it was announced that Entwistle had quit her role as Janice after 14 years on the show and would depart in 2011. She made her final appearance on 25 March 2011 after she leaves Weatherfield with her new boyfriend Trevor Dean (Steve Jackson) to go to London. As of 2016, she was mentioned as living in Liverpool.

Alison King
Alison Rosamund King (born 3 March 1973) is an English actress and model. She is known for her roles as Lynda Block in the Sky One drama series Dream Team (1998–2003, 2005–2007), and Carla Connor in the long-running ITV soap opera Coronation Street (2006–present). She won Best Actress at the 2012 British Soap Awards.
The Bamboozle
The Bamboozle was an annual three-day music festival which was held in New Jersey from 2003 to 2012, and was scheduled for a 2023 revival in Atlantic City by its founder. Every year, new bands competed for spots during the two days. The event evolved out of the Skate and Surf Festival. The 2012 event was the final one of its original run, as founder John D'Esposito subsequently left Bamboozle due to creative differences with organizing partners.

Hey Monday
Hey Monday is an American rock band from West Palm Beach, Florida, formed in 2008. They released their debut album Hold On Tight in 2008, which produced the singles "Homecoming" and "How You Love Me Now". The album was followed up with their 2010 EP Beneath It All, which achieved moderate commercial success, and the Candles EP in 2011. Their most recent release, The Christmas EP, was released on December 6, 2011. Cassadee Pope has since released four studio albums as a solo artist and became the first female winner of The Voice.
Greene County, New York
Greene County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 47,931. Its county seat is Catskill. The county's name is in honor of the American Revolutionary War general Nathanael Greene. The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.

Kaaterskill Creek
Kaaterskill Creek is a 25.9-mile-long (41.7 km) tributary of Catskill Creek in Greene and Ulster counties in New York. Via Catskill Creek, it is part of the Hudson River watershed.

Kaaterskill Creek rises in the town of Hunter within the Catskill Forest Preserve, northwest of the village of Tannersville. It flows south to the hamlet of Haines Falls, where it turns east and drops precipitously into Kaaterskill Clove, paralleled by New York Route 23A and receiving Spruce Creek from the north, which drops over Kaaterskill Falls. Kaaterskill Creek exits the mountains at the hamlet of Palenville and takes a zigzag course, crossing back and forth between Greene and Ulster counties, before finally turning northeast and flowing to its mouth at Catskill Creek near Cauterskill, New York, just west of the village of Catskill.
Cover version
In popular music, a cover version, cover song, remake, revival, or simply cover is a new performance or recording by a musician other than the original performer or composer of the song. Originally, it referred to a version of a song released around the same time as the original in order to compete with it. Now, it refers to any subsequent version performed after the original.

The Crew-Cuts
The Crew-Cuts (sometimes spelled Crew Cuts or Crewcuts) were a Canadian vocal and doowop quartet, that made a number of popular records that charted in the United States and worldwide. They were most famous for their recording of The Chords' hit record, "Sh-Boom".

The Crewcuts along with The Four Lads and The Diamonds were an inducted into the Canadian Hall of Fame in 1984. All the originals were on stage.
1978 World Cup (men's golf)
The 1978 World Cup took place November 30 – December 3 at the Makai Golf Club in Hanalei in Kauaʻi County, Hawaii. It was the 26th World Cup event. The tournament was a 72-hole stroke play team event with 48 teams. Each team consisted of two players from a country. The combined score of each team determined the team results. The United States team of John Mahaffey and Andy North won by ten strokes over the Australian team of Wayne Grady and Greg Norman.

The individual competition for The International Trophy was won by Mahaffey two strokes ahead of North. Greg Norman and Thailand's Sukree Onsham tied for third.

1972 World Cup (men's golf)
The 1972 World Cup took place 9–12 November at Royal Melbourne Golf Club in Melbourne, Australia. It was the 20th World Cup event. The tournament was a stroke play team event, shortened from 72 holes, after the second round, scheduled on Friday, was cancelled due to bad weather, to 54 holes with 43 teams. Each team consisted of two players from a country. The combined score of each team determined the team results. The Republic of China team of Hsieh Min-Nan and Lu Liang-Huan won by two strokes over the Japan team of Takaaki Kono and Takashi Murakami. The individual competition was won by Hsieh two strokes ahead of Kono. This was the first team victory for the Republic of China, also known as Taiwan, in the history of the World Cup, founded in 1953 and until 1967 named the Canada Cup.
1988 Asia Cup
The 1988 Asia Cup (also known as the Wills Asia Cup) was the third Asia Cup tournament, held in Bangladesh between 26 October and 4 November 1988. Four teams took part in the tournament: India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and the host nation Bangladesh. The matches were the first-ever List A-classified being played in Bangladesh, then an Associate Member of the International Cricket Council (ICC), their opponents all being Full Members.

The 1988 Asia Cup was a round-robin tournament where each team played the other three once, and the top two teams qualifying for a place in the final. India and Sri Lanka qualified for the final in which India defeated Sri Lanka by 6 wickets to win its second Asia Cup.

1995 Asia Cup
The 1995 Asia Cup (also known as the Pepsi Asia Cup), was the fifth Asia Cup tournament, and the second to be held in Sharjah, UAE. The tournament took place between April 5–14, 1995. Four teams took part in the tournament: India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh.

The 1995 Asia Cup was a round-robin tournament where each team played the other once, and the top two teams qualifying for a place in the final. All the matches, including the final, were played at the Sharjah Cricket Association Stadium in Sharjah. India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka all had four points at the end of the round-robin stage, but India and Sri Lanka qualified for the final on the basis of better run-rates. India beat Sri Lanka by 8 wickets to win its third consecutive (and fourth in total) Asia Cup.
Douglas, Arizona
Douglas is a city in Cochise County, Arizona, United States, that lies in the north-west to south-east running Sulphur Springs Valley. Douglas has a border crossing with Mexico at Agua Prieta and a history of mining.

The population was 16,531 in the 2020 Census.

17th Cavalry Regiment
The 17th Cavalry Regiment is a historical organization within the United States Army that began as a regiment of cavalry after the Pancho Villa Expedition. The unit was constituted on 1 July 1916 in the Regular Army as the 17th Cavalry at Fort Bliss, Texas and originally inactivated 26 September 1921 at the Presidio of Monterey, California. Formerly a part of the 1950s Combat Arms Regimental System, it was reorganized as a part of the U.S. Army Regimental System, an ongoing effort to maintain the lineage and history of the U.S. Army through its units. Today, the 17th Cavalry Regiment is found across the army within the combat aviation brigades, where the squadrons, now constituted as attack/recon helicopter squadrons, carry on the legacy of the 17th Cavalry Regiment.
Israeli Basketball Premier League
Ligat HaAl (Hebrew: ליגת העל, lit., Supreme League or Premier League), or the Israeli Basketball Premier League, is a professional basketball league in Israel and the highest level of basketball in the country. The league's name is abbreviated as either BSL (Basketball Super League) or ISBL (Israeli Basketball Super League). For sponsorship reasons, the league is also referred to as Ligat Winner Sal (Hebrew: ליגת ווינר סל), lit. Winner Basket League, with "Winner" being the name of a game operated by the league's primary sponsor, Toto Winner.

The league is run by the Israeli Basketball Super League Administration Ltd.

Hapoel Gilboa/Afula
Hapoel Afula (Hebrew: הפועל עפולה) was a basketball club in Israel. The club was formed by a merger of Hapoel Gilboa and Hapoel Afula.

The club played in the Israeli Basketball Super League until 2008 when it was relegated after finishing bottom in the 2007–08 season. In June 2008 it was announced that the club was to be disbanded; Hapoel Afula were re-established as an independent club and would play in the second tier, whilst Hapoel Gilboa would receive the top-division license of Hapoel Galil Elyon to form a new team, Hapoel Gilboa Galil.
FC Ordabasy
FC Ordabasy (Kazakh: Ордабасы футбол клубы / Ordabasy futbol kluby) is a professional football club from Kazakhstan based at the Kazhimukan Munaitpasov Stadium in Shymkent. Ordabasy was formed in 1949, following the merger of two existing Kazakhstan Premier League sides, FC Zhiger and FC Tomiris.

FC Kaisar
FC Kaysar (Kazakh: Қайсар Футбол Клубы, Qaisar Futbol Kluby) is a Kazakh professional football club based in the Gany Muratbayev Stadium in Kyzylorda. They are founding members of the Kazakhstan Premier League and have missed only three seasons following relegations. Their most successful was the season of 1998, when they won the Kazakhstan Cup and came fourth in the league. Also they won Kazakhstan Cup in 2019.
Louth (Dáil constituency)
Louth is a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas. The constituency elects five deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV). It covers the entirety of County Louth and a small area of County Meath.

Louth County Council
Louth County Council (Irish: Comhairle Contae Lú) is the local authority of County Louth, Ireland. As a county council, it is governed by the Local Government Act 2001. The council is responsible for housing and community, roads and transportation, urban planning and development, amenity and culture, and environment. The council has 29 elected members. Elections are held every five years and are by single transferable vote. The head of the council has the title of Cathaoirleach (chairperson). The current Cathaoirleach is Kevin Callan. The county administration is headed by a chief executive, David Conway. The county town is Dundalk.