hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Trivial group
In mathematics, a trivial group or zero group is a group that consists of a single element. All such groups are isomorphic, so one often speaks of the trivial group. The single element of the trivial group is the identity element and so it is usually denoted as such: ⁠⁠, ⁠⁠, or ⁠⁠ depending on the context. If the group operation is denoted ⁠⁠ then it is defined by ⁠⁠.

The similarly defined trivial monoid is also a group since its only element is its own inverse, and is hence the same as the trivial group.

The trivial group is distinct from the empty set, which has no elements, hence lacks an identity element, and so cannot be a group.

Order (group theory)
In mathematics, the order of a finite group is the number of its elements. If a group is not finite, one says that its order is infinite. The order of an element of a group (also called period length or period) is the order of the subgroup generated by the element. If the group operation is denoted as a multiplication, the order of an element a of a group, is thus the smallest positive integer m such that am = e, where e denotes the identity element of the group, and am denotes the product of m copies of a. If no such m exists, the order of a is infinite.

The order of a group G is denoted by ord(G) or |G|, and the order of an element a is denoted by ord(a) or |a|, instead of  where the brackets denote the generated group.

Lagrange's theorem states that for any subgroup H of a finite group G, the order of the subgroup divides the order of the group; that is, |H| is a divisor of |G|. In particular, the order |a| of any element is a divisor of |G|.
Wallace Harrison
Wallace Kirkman Harrison (September 28, 1895 – December 2, 1981) was an American architect. Harrison started his professional career with the firm of Corbett, Harrison & MacMurray, participating in the construction of Rockefeller Center. He is best known for executing large public projects in New York City and upstate, many of them the fruit of his long friendship with Governor Nelson Rockefeller.

Rockefeller family
The Rockefeller family (/ˈrɒkəfɛlər/ ROCK-ə-fell-ər) is an American industrial, political, and banking family that owns one of the world's largest fortunes. The fortune was made in the American petroleum industry during the late 19th and early 20th centuries by brothers John D. Rockefeller and William A. Rockefeller Jr., primarily through Standard Oil (the predecessor of ExxonMobil and Chevron Corporation). The family had a long association with, and control of, Chase Manhattan Bank. By 1987, the Rockefellers were considered one of the most powerful families in American history.

The Rockefellers originated in the Rhineland in Germany and family members moved to the Americas in the early 18th century, while through Eliza Davison, with family roots in Middlesex County, New Jersey, John D. Rockefeller and William A. Rockefeller Jr. and their descendants are also of Scots-Irish ancestry.
Scorpène-class submarine
The Scorpène-class submarines are a class of diesel-electric attack submarines jointly developed by the French Naval Group (formerly DCNS) and the Spanish company Navantia. It features diesel propulsion and an additional air-independent propulsion (AIP). It is now marketed as the Scorpène 2000.

Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders
Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDSL) (IAST: Majhagānv Dawk Shipbuilders Limiṭeḍ) is a company with shipyards situated in Mazagaon, Mumbai. It manufactures warships and submarines for the Indian Navy and offshore platforms and associated support vessels for offshore oil drilling. It also builds tankers, cargo bulk carriers, passenger ships and ferries.

MDL is a public sector undertaking managed by the Ministry of Defence, with the Government of India holding an 80.82% stake. Its shipbuilding segment has indigenously built stealth frigates, destroyers, guided-missile destroyers, corvettes, landing platform docks, missile boats, patrol boats, trailing suction hopper dredgers, cargo ships, cargo-passenger ships, platform supply vessels, Voith tugs and BOP vessels, while its submarine segment has built conventional submarines and stealth submarines. Both segments have also performed repair and refit activities.
Panegyric
A panegyric (US: /ˌpænɪˈdʒɪrɪk/ or UK: /ˌpænɪˈdʒaɪrɪk/) or praise poem is a formal public speech or written verse, delivered in high praise of a person or thing. The original panegyrics were speeches delivered at public events in ancient Athens.

Guto'r Glyn
Guto'r Glyn (c. 1412 – c. 1493) was a Welsh language poet and soldier of the era of the Beirdd yr Uchelwyr ("Poets of the Nobility") or Cywyddwyr ("cywydd-men"), the itinerant professional poets of the later Middle Ages. He is considered one of the greatest exponents, if not the greatest, of the tradition of "praise-poetry", verse addressed to a noble patron.
Queen Silvia of Sweden
Silvia (born Silvia Renate Sommerlath; 23 December 1943) is Queen of Sweden as the wife of King Carl XVI Gustaf. She has held this title since her marriage to Carl XVI Gustaf in 1976. The king and queen have three children: Crown Princess Victoria, Prince Carl Philip, and Princess Madeleine.

Swedish royal family
The Swedish royal family  since 1818 has consisted of members of the Swedish Royal House of Bernadotte (Swedish: Kungahuset), closely related to the King of Sweden. Today those members who are recognized by the king are entitled to royal titles and styles (manner of address), and perform official engagements and ceremonial duties of state. The extended family of the King (Swedish: Kungafamiljen) consists of other close relatives who are not royal and thus do not represent the country officially.
Estonian language
Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsʲti ˈkeːl] ⓘ) is a Finnic language and the official language of Estonia. It is written in the Latin script and is the first language of the majority of the country's population; it is also an official language of the European Union. Estonian is spoken natively by about 1.1 million people: 922,000 people in Estonia and 160,000 elsewhere.

Tallinn Old Town
Tallinn Old Town (Estonian: Tallinna vanalinn) is the oldest part of Tallinn, Estonia. Old Town of Tallinn has managed to wholly preserve its structure of medieval and Hanseatic origin. Old Town represents an exceptionally intact 13th century city plan. Since 1997, the area has been registered in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The old town is bordered by the Walls of Tallinn. Its area is 113 ha and there is a buffer zone of 2,253 ha.

The majority of the Old Town's structures were built during the 13th–16th centuries.

During World War II, while the German army occupied Estonia in 1941–1944, Tallinn Old Town suffered from several instances of aerial bombing by the Soviet air force. During the most destructive Soviet bombing raid on 9–10 March 1944, over a thousand incendiary bombs were dropped on Tallinn, causing widespread fires, destroying about 10% of the buildings in the Old Town, killing hundreds, and leaving over 20,000 people without shelter.
Khosrow and Shirin
Khosrow and Shirin (Persian: خسرو و شیرین, romanized: Xusraw u Šīrīn) is a romantic epic poem by Nizami Ganjavi (1141–1209). It is the second work of his set of five poems known collectively as Khamsa. It tells a highly elaborated fictional version of the story of the love of Khosrow II for the Christian Shirin, who became the queen consort of the Sasanian Empire. The essential narrative is a romantic tale of Persian origin which was already well known from the great historical epic poem, the Shahnameh, as well as Persian writers and popular tales; other works have the same title. Variants of the story were also told under the title Shirin and Farhad (شیرین و فرهاد).

Iskandarnameh (Nizami)
The Iskandarnameh (Book of Alexander) is a poetic production in the Alexander Romance tradition authored by the Persian poet Nizami Ganjavi (d. 1209) that describes Alexander the Great as an idealized hero, sage, and king. More uniquely, he is also a seeker of knowledge who debates with great Greek and Indian philosophers, one of them being Plato.

The poem is the fourth part of the Khamsa of Nizami, a posthumous collection of five of Nizami's major works. It consists of two main and independent parts: the Sharaf-nama (Book of Glory) followed by the Iqbal-nama (Book of Fortune) (though the names are reversed in some copies). Both are written in rhymed couplets. In India, the two sections are known as the Eskandar-(or Sekandar-) nāma-ye barrī and baḥrī respectively. It was likely completed by 1194.
Castiglione della Pescaia
Castiglione della Pescaia (Italian pronunciation: [kastiʎˈʎoːne della peˈskaːja]; abbreviated by locals as Castiglione or Castiglioni), is an ancient seaside town in the province of Grosseto, in Tuscany, central Italy. Situated in the Grossetan Maremma, the modern town grew around a medieval 12th century fortress (Italian: castello) and a large fishery, from which it acquired its designation. Today Castiglione is a very popular tourist destination with attractions that include beaches, natural parks, biking trails, historical Etruscan archaeological sites, a panoramic mediaeval hamlet as well as the Diaccia Botrona Nature Reserve, a swampy humid environment of historical relevance whose endangered wildlife comprise pink flamingoes, mallards and ducks.

Castiglione della Pescaia is home to the second most expensive street in Italy for property prices, with average values exceeding those of homes in every other Italian street except one, also in Tuscany.

Frazione
A frazione (pl.: frazioni, cognate with English fraction) is a type of subdivision of a comune ('municipality') in Italy, often a small village or hamlet outside the main town, similar to a suburb or exurb. Most frazioni were created during the Fascist era (1922–1943) as a way to consolidate territorial subdivisions in the country.

In the autonomous region of the Aosta Valley, a frazione is officially called hameau in French. In South Tyrol, a frazione is called Fraktion in German and frazion in Ladin.
Warluwarra language
Warluwarra is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of Queensland. Waluwarra (also known as Warluwarra, Walugara, and Walukara) is the traditional language region in the local government area of Shire of Boulia, including Walgra Station and Wolga, from Roxborough Downs north to Carandotta Station and Urandangi on the Georgina River, on Moonah Creek to Rochedale, south-east of Pituri Creek.

Western Queensland
Western Queensland encompasses the three western regions in the Australian state of Queensland:

North West Queensland, often known as Gulf Country;

Central West Queensland; and

South West Queensland.
Fossbergom
Fossbergom or Lom is the administrative centre of Lom Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located on the south shore of the river Otta, at the north end of the Bøverdal valley. The 1.47-square-kilometre (360-acre) village has a population (2024) of 839 and a population density of 571 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,480/sq mi). Fossbergom is the main population centre for the municipality and a large portion of the residents work in the tourism, commerce, and the service sectors.

Skardtind
Skardtind is a mountain in Innlandet county, Norway. The mountain is a tripoint on the border between Skjåk Municipality, Lom Municipality, and Lesja Municipality. The 1,883-metre (6,178 ft) tall mountain lies inside Reinheimen National Park, about 18 kilometres (11 mi) southwest of the village of Lesja. The mountain is surrounded by several other mountains including Trihøene which is about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) to the west, Horrungen which is about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) to the southwest, and Kjølen, Søre Kjølhaugen, and Knatthøin which are all about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the northeast. The mountain Ryggehøi lies about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) to the south and the mountain Rundkollan lies about 4.3 kilometres (2.7 mi) to the southeast.
Muhajirun
The Muhajirun (Arabic: المهاجرون, romanized: al-muhājirūn, singular مهاجر, muhājir) were the converts to Islam and the Islamic prophet Muhammad's advisors and relatives, who emigrated from Mecca to Medina; the event is known in Islam as the Hijra. The early Muslims from Medina are called the Ansar ("helpers").

Saʽd ibn ʽUbadah
Saʽd ibn ʽUbadah ibn Dulaym Al Ansari (Arabic: سعد بن عبادة بن دليم) (d. 637) was the chief of the Sa'ida clan of the Khazraj tribe in Medina in the early seventh century. He was later recognised as the chief of the whole Khazraj tribe, and then of all the Ansar. He was a prominent companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and made an abortive attempt to nominate himself as caliph of Islam after Muhammad's death.
Noise rock
Noise rock is a subgenre of rock music that originally emerged in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Artists fuse rock music to noise, while utilizing extreme levels of guitar distortion and feedback, primarily through the use of electric guitars.

The Quietus
The Quietus is a British online music and pop culture magazine founded by John Doran and Luke Turner. The site is an editorially independent publication led by Doran with a group of freelance journalists and critics.
Myrica gale
Myrica gale is a species of flowering plant in the family Myricaceae native to cool temperate regions of Eurasia and North America. Common names include bog-myrtle, sweet gale, Dutch myrtle, and sweetgale.

Eriophorum
Eriophorum (cottongrass, cotton-grass or cottonsedge) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cyperaceae, the sedge family. They are found in the cool temperate, alpine, and Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, primarily in the middle latitudes of North America, Europe, and Asia.
Nearctic realm
The Nearctic realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface.

The Nearctic realm covers most of North America, including Greenland, Central Florida, and the highlands of Mexico. The parts of North America that are not in the Nearctic realm include most of coastal Mexico, southern Mexico, southern Florida, coastal central Florida, Central America, Bermuda and the Caribbean islands. Together with South America, these regions are part of the Neotropical realm.

Caribbean
The Caribbean is a region in the middle of the Americas centered around the Caribbean Sea in the North Atlantic Ocean, mostly overlapping with the West Indies. Bordered by North America to the north and also the west through Central America, and South America to the south, it comprises numerous islands, cays, islets, reefs, and banks.

It includes the Lucayan Archipelago, Greater Antilles, and Lesser Antilles of the West Indies; the Quintana Roo islands and Belizean islands of the Yucatán Peninsula; and the Bay Islands, Miskito Cays, Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia, and Santa Catalina, Corn Islands, and San Blas Islands of Central America. It also includes the coastal areas on the continental mainland of the Americas bordering the region from the Yucatán Peninsula in North America through Central America to the Guianas in South America.
Stanford, Kent
Stanford is a village and civil parish in Kent, England. It is part of the Folkestone and Hythe district.

The village developed along the ancient Roman Stone Street and was divided by the construction of the M20 motorway into Stanford North and Stanford South. Stanford Windmill and parish church of All Saints are in the village.

The parish includes the hamlet of Westenhanger. Folkestone Racecourse was located here; during World War II it served as the RAF Westenhanger airfield, and eventually closed for redevelopment in December 2012. Westenhanger Castle is adjacent to the racecourse. In 2023 the local authority granted planning permission for 8,500 homes at the Otterpool Park site which extends from Westenhanger station to the edges of Sellindge and Lympne.

Langdon Abbey
Langdon Abbey (grid reference TR329468) was a Premonstratensian abbey near West Langdon, Kent, founded in about 1192 and dissolved in 1535, reportedly the first religious house to be dissolved by Henry VIII. The visible remains of the abbey are now confined to the extensive cellaring below the 16th-century house that occupies its site and small remains of a 17th-century ice house.
Anthropology
Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity that crosses biology and sociology, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including archaic humans. Social anthropology studies patterns of behaviour, while cultural anthropology studies cultural meaning, including norms and values. The term sociocultural anthropology is commonly used today. Linguistic anthropology studies how language influences social life. Biological (or physical) anthropology studies the biology and evolution of humans and their close primate relatives.

Archaeology, often referred to as the "anthropology of the past," explores human activity by examining physical remains. In North America and Asia, it is generally regarded as a branch of anthropology, whereas in Europe, it is considered either an independent discipline or classified under related fields like history and palaeontology.

Ideology
An ideology is a set of beliefs or values attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely about belief in certain knowledge, in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones". Formerly applied primarily to economic, political, or religious theories and policies, in a tradition going back to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, more recent use treats the term as mainly condemnatory.

The term was coined by Antoine Destutt de Tracy, a French Enlightenment aristocrat and philosopher, who conceived it in 1796 as the "science of ideas" to develop a rational system of ideas to oppose the irrational impulses of the mob. In political science, the term is used in a descriptive sense to refer to political belief systems.
Baka people (Cameroon and Gabon)
The Baka people, known in the Congo as Bayaka (Bebayaka, Bebayaga, Bibaya), are an ethnic group inhabiting the southeastern rain forests of Cameroon, northern Republic of the Congo, northern Gabon, and southwestern Central African Republic. They are sometimes called a subgroup of the Twa, but the two peoples are not closely related. Likewise, the name "Baka" is sometimes mistakenly applied to other peoples of the area who, like the Baka and Twa, have been historically called pygmies, a term that is now considered derogatory.

Haplogroup L1
Haplogroup L1 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. It is most common in Central Africa and West Africa.
It diverged from L1-6 at about 140,000 years ago (140.6+33.7−33.0 kya 95% CI).
Its emergence is associated with the early peopling of Africa by anatomically modern humans during the Eemian, and it is now mostly found in Central African foragers.
Oxfordian age
The Oxfordian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the earliest age of the Late Jurassic Epoch, or the lowest stage of the Upper Jurassic Series. It spans the time between 161.5 ± 1.0 Ma and 154.8 ± 0.8 Ma (million years ago). The Oxfordian is preceded by the Callovian and is followed by the Kimmeridgian.

Shaximiao Formation
The Shaximiao Formation (simplified Chinese: 沙溪庙组; traditional Chinese: 沙溪廟組 / 沙溪廟層; pinyin: Shāxīmiào zǔ) is a Middle to Late Jurassic aged geological formation in Sichuan, China, most notable for the wealth of dinosaurs fossils that have been excavated from its strata. The Shaximiao Formation is exposed in and around the small township of Dashanpu (simplified Chinese: 大山铺镇; traditional Chinese: 大山鋪鎮; pinyin: Dàshānpū zhèn), situated seven kilometres north-east from Sichuan's third largest city, Zigong, in the Da'an District.
Dock landing ship
A dock landing ship (also called landing ship, dock or LSD) is an amphibious warfare ship with a well dock to transport and launch landing craft and amphibious vehicles. Some ships with well decks, such as the Soviet Ivan Rogov class, also have bow doors to enable them to deliver vehicles directly onto a beach (like a tank landing ship). Modern dock landing ships also operate helicopters.

A ship with a well deck (docking well) can transfer cargo to landing craft in rougher seas far more easily than a ship which has to use cranes or a stern ramp. The U.S. Navy hull classification symbol for a ship with a well deck depends on its facilities for aircraft—a (modern) LSD has a helicopter deck, a landing platform dock also has a hangar, and a landing helicopter dock or landing helicopter assault has a full-length flight deck.

Landing craft tank
The Landing Craft, Tank (LCT) (or tank landing craft, TLC) was an amphibious assault craft for landing tanks on beachheads. They were initially developed by the Royal Navy and later by the United States Navy during World War II in a series of versions. Initially known as the "tank landing craft" (TLC) by the British, they later adopted the U.S. nomenclature "landing craft, tank" (LCT). The United States continued to build LCTs post-war, and used them under different designations in the Korean and Vietnam Wars.
Violence
Violence is characterized as the use of physical force by humans to cause harm to other living beings, such as pain, injury, disablement, death, damage and destruction. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines violence as "the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, which either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation"; it recognizes the need to include violence not resulting in injury or death.

Mutilation
Mutilation or maiming (from the Latin: mutilus) is severe damage to the body that has a subsequent harmful effect on an individual's quality of life.

In the modern era, the term has an overwhelmingly negative connotation, referring to alterations that render something inferior, dysfunctional, imperfect, or ugly.
Auchinleck Talbot F.C.
Auchinleck Talbot Football Club is a Scottish football club based in Auchinleck, East Ayrshire. They currently play in the West of Scotland League Premier Division.

The club is also a member of the Scottish Junior Football Association, and have won the Scottish Junior Cup on a record 14 occasions. They compete in a local derby against near neighbours and biggest rivals Cumnock Juniors.

Scottish Championship
The Scottish Championship known as the William Hill Championship for sponsorship reasons, is the second tier of the Scottish Professional Football League, the league competition for men's professional football clubs in Scotland. The Scottish Championship was established in July 2013, after the Scottish Professional Football League was formed by a merger of the Scottish Premier League and Scottish Football League.
Clube de Regatas Brasil
Clube de Regatas Brasil, commonly referred to as CRB, is a Brazilian professional football club based in Maceió, Alagoas. It competes in the Série B, the second tier of Brazilian football, as well as in the Campeonato Alagoano, the top flight of the Alagoas state football league.

Founded on 20 September 1912, it plays in white and red shirts, shorts and socks. Its greatest rival is Centro Sportivo Alagoano (CSA),

Associação Atlética Coruripe
Associação Atlética Coruripe is a Brazilian professional football club based in Coruripe, Alagoas. It competes in the Campeonato Alagoano Segunda Divisão, the second division of the Alagoas state football league.

The club competed in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série C three times and won the state championship twice.