hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eurasian wigeon
The Eurasian wigeon or European wigeon (Mareca penelope), also known as the widgeon or wigeon, is one of three extant species of wigeon in the dabbling duck genus Mareca. It is common and widespread within its Palearctic range.

Bearded reedling
The bearded reedling (Panurus biarmicus) is a small, long-tailed passerine bird found in reed beds near water in the temperate zone of Eurasia. It is frequently known as the bearded tit or bearded parrotbill, as it historically was believed to be closely related to tits or parrotbills. Today it is known to lack close relatives and it is the only species in the family Panuridae.

Bearded reedlings are strongly sexually dimorphic and form life-long pairs. They are highly productive and can breed several times in a season. They mainly feed on small invertebrates in summer and plant seeds in winter.
Memory B cell
In immunology, a memory B cell (MBC) is a type of B lymphocyte that forms part of the adaptive immune system. These cells develop within germinal centers of the secondary lymphoid organs. Memory B cells circulate in the blood stream in a quiescent state, sometimes for decades. Their function is to memorize the characteristics of the antigen that activated their parent B cell during initial infection such that if the memory B cell later encounters the same antigen, it triggers an accelerated and robust secondary immune response. Memory B cells have B cell receptors (BCRs) on their cell membrane, identical to the one on their parent cell, that allow them to recognize antigen and mount a specific antibody response.

Affinity maturation
In immunology, affinity maturation is the process by which TFH cell-activated B cells produce antibodies with increased affinity for antigen during the course of an immune response. With repeated exposures to the same antigen, a host will produce antibodies of successively greater affinities.  A secondary response can elicit antibodies with several fold greater affinity than in a primary response. Affinity maturation primarily occurs on membrane immunoglobulin of germinal center B cells and as a direct result of somatic hypermutation (SHM) and selection by TFH cells.
Titan (rocket family)
Titan was a family of American intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM) and medium- and heavy-lift expendable launch vehicles used between 1959 and 2005. The Titan I and Titan II served as part of the United States Air Force's ICBM arsenal until 1987, while later variants were adapted for space launch purposes. Titan launch vehicles were used for 368 missions in total, including all Project Gemini crewed flights in the mid-1960s, as well as numerous U.S. military, civilian, and scientific payloads—ranging from reconnaissance satellites to space probes sent throughout the Solar System.

Thor (rocket family)
Thor was a US space launch vehicle derived from the PGM-17 Thor intermediate-range ballistic missile. The Thor rocket was the first member of the Delta rocket family of space launch vehicles. The last launch of a direct derivative of the Thor missile occurred in 2018 as the first stage of the final Delta II.
Grisha-class corvette
The Grisha class, Soviet designation Project 1124 Al'batros, are a series of anti-submarine corvettes built by the Soviet Union between 1970 and 1990 and later by Russia and Ukraine. These ships have a limited range and are largely used only in coastal waters. They have been equipped with a variety of anti-submarine weapons and an SA-N-4 'Gecko' surface-to-air missile launcher. All were fitted with retractable fin stabilizers.

The designation "corvette" for these ships was a conditional adaptation as the Soviet classification was a small anti-submarine ship (Russian: Малый противолодочный корабль, romanized: Malyy protivolodochnyy korabl, lit. 'Small anti-submarine ship') (MPK). In the Russian Navy, the Grishas are expected to be partially replaced by the Steregushchiy-class corvette.

Tarantul-class corvette
The Tarantul-class corvette, Soviet designation Project 1241 Molniya (Russian: Молния, lit. 'Lightning') are a class of Russian missile corvettes (large missile cutters in Soviet classification).

They have the NATO reporting name Tarantul (not to be confused with the Stenka-class patrol boat, whose official Soviet name is also Project 205P Tarantul). These ships were designed to replace the Project 205M Tsunami missile cutter (NATO: Osa-class missile boat).

A new updated variant of the class (Project 12418) was projected to start entering service in 2025.
Galerius
Galerius Valerius Maximianus (/ɡəˈlɛəriəs/; Greek: Γαλέριος; c. 258 – May 311) was Roman emperor from 305 to 311. He participated in the system of government later known as the Tetrarchy, first acting as caesar under Emperor Diocletian. In this period Galerius obtained victory warring against the Persian Sasanian Empire, defeating Narseh at the battle of Satala in 298 and possibly sacking the Sasanian capital of Ctesiphon in 299. He also campaigned across the Danube against the Carpi, defeating them in 297 and 300. Galerius was promoted to augustus upon the abdication of Diocletian in 305, but had to contend with multiple usurpers as the Tetrarchic system broke down. Although he was a staunch opponent of Christianity, he ended the Diocletianic Persecution by issuing the Edict of Serdica in 311.

Carus
Marcus Aurelius Carus (c. 222 – July or August 283) was Roman emperor from 282 to 283. During his short reign, Carus fought the Germanic tribes and Sarmatians along the Danube frontier with success.

He died while campaigning against the Sassanid Empire and is believed to have died of unnatural causes. It was reported that he had been struck by lightning. He was succeeded by his sons Carinus and Numerian, creating a dynasty which, though short-lived, provided further stability to the resurgent empire.
European route E40
European route E40 (E40) is a European route connecting Calais in France with Ridder in Kazakhstan near the border with Russia and China. 8,641 kilometres (5,369 miles) long, is the longest route in the International E-road network. A different route, connecting Calais and Ridder, is about 2,000 kilometres (1,200 miles) shorter, mostly using the E30 via Berlin, Moscow, and Omsk. The E40 differs from that route in order to provide additional direct east–west access to Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Kyrgyzstan, with a combined population base approaching 50 million people as of 2021.

From Dresden to Kyiv forms part of Pan-European Corridor III.

Since 2014, parts of the road in eastern Ukraine have been under the control of the separatist Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic. During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russia took direct control of the areas in Donbas.

List of motorways in Belgium
In Belgium, the motorways (Dutch: autosnelwegen; French: autoroutes; German: Autobahnen) are indicated by an A and an E (for European) number. The E numbers are used most often. Roads that are (part of) a ring road around a town or city are mostly indicated by an R number.

Since 1989, all highways are built and maintained by the governments of the three regions (Flanders, Wallonia and Brussels).

For safety on motorways in Belgium,

60% of killed travelers did not wear their seat-belt;

38% of crash are impacted by speed;

around 30% of accident occur near or on a motorway exit or entry, and 5% of accidents are in a junction;

19% of drivers were stopped at the time of the accident;

13% of accidents occur in a work zone.
La 1 (Spanish TV channel)
La 1 (Spanish pronunciation: [la ˈuno], The One) is a Spanish free-to-air television channel owned and operated by Televisión Española (TVE), the television division of state-owned public broadcaster Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE). It is the corporation's flagship television channel and is known for broadcasting mainstream and generalist programming, including Telediario news bulletins, prime time drama, cinema and entertainment, and major breaking news, sports and special events.

Telemadrid
Telemadrid is a public television station in the Community of Madrid, Spain, the flagship channel of the regional public broadcaster Radio Televisión Madrid (RTVM). It began its broadcast on 2 May 1989.
Kaykaus I
Kaykaus I or Izz ud-Din Kaykaus ibn Kaykhusraw  (Old Anatolian Turkish: كَیکاوس, Persian: عز الدين كيكاوس پور كيخسرو ʿIzz ad-Dīn Kaykāwūs pour Kaykhusraw) was the Sultan of Rum from 1211 until his death in 1220. He was the eldest son of Kaykhusraw I.

Battle of Antioch on the Meander
The Battle of Antioch on the Meander (also known as the Battle of Alaşehir) was a military engagement near Antioch-on-the-Meander between the forces of the Empire of Nicaea and the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm. The Turkish defeat ensured continued Nicaean hegemony of the Aegean coast of Asia Minor. The Seljuk sultan, Kaykhusraw I, was killed on the field of battle. The battle took place near the modern town of Yamalak in Kuyucak district in Aydın Province.
Scottburgh
Scottburgh (/ˈskɒtbərə/) is a coastal resort town located along the south coast of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It situated south of the mouth of the Mpambanyoni River (confuser of birds).: 332

Prior to 1 December 2023, vehicle registration plates in Scottburgh started with NX - N for Natal, X for Alexandra as the town once formed part of the Alexandra County in the 1800s along with Umzinto, Umkomaas, Park Rynie and Sezela-Pennington. The reason why it was not registered as NA instead was because the town of Harding, 140 kilometres south-west, already bore the vehicle registration “NA”.

Amanzimtoti
Amanzimtoti, locally nicknamed Toti, and officially renamed to eManzimtoti, is a coastal town just south of Durban in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Situated along the Sapphire Coast, the town is well known for its warm climate and numerous beaches, and is a popular tourist destination, particularly with surfers.
Larz Anderson
Larz Anderson (August 15, 1866 – April 13, 1937) was an American diplomat and bon vivant. He served as second secretary at the United States Legation to the Court of St James's, London; as first secretary and later chargé d'affaires at the United States Embassy in Rome; as United States Minister to Belgium; and then briefly as the Ambassador to Japan. He also unsuccessfully sought appointment as Ambassador to Italy.

Larz Anderson Park
Larz Anderson Park is a wooded, landscaped, and waterscaped  64-acre (26 ha) parkland in Brookline, Massachusetts that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.  The southeast corner of the park is in Boston.  The park contains playing fields, picnic areas, gardens, waterways, an ice skating rink, and two sites of special interest:

Larz Anderson Auto Museum, the oldest automobile collection in the United States

Putterham School, a one-room schoolhouse from colonial times

As Larz Anderson Park is about a half-mile away from Jamaica Pond it might also be considered a de facto extension of Boston's Emerald Necklace into the town of Brookline.
Enns (river)
The Enns (German pronunciation: [ɛns] ⓘ) is a southern tributary of the river Danube in Austria, joining northward at the city of Enns. It forms parts 
of the border between the states of Lower Austria and Upper Austria. The Enns spans 253 kilometres (157 mi), in a flat-J-shape. It flows from its source near the village Flachau, generally eastward through Radstadt, Schladming, and Liezen, then turns north near Hieflau, to flow past Weyer and Ternberg through Steyr, and further north to the Danube at Enns (see map in References).

Mürz
The Mürz (German pronunciation: [mʏʁt͡s] ⓘ) is a river in Styria, Austria, with a length of 84 km (52 mi). Its drainage basin is 1,505 km2 (581 sq mi).

The Mürz begins at the confluence of the Stille Mürz and Kalte Mürz near Kaltenbach, Neuberg and the border to Lower Austria. It passes through Mürzzuschlag. Along its course are the tracks of the Southern Railway as well as the highway Semmering Schnellstraße. The Mürz discharges into the Mur in Bruck an der Mur.
De Lustige Kapoentjes
De Lustige Kapoentjes (literally: "The Joyful Rascals") was a long-running Flemish comic book series, which existed under different titles and was drawn by different artists, among whom Marc Sleen ("The Lustige Kapoentjes") and Willy Vandersteen ("De Vrolijke Bengels") are the most well known. The series was published in 't Kapoentje, the youth supplement of Het Volk, and in Ons Volkske, the youth supplement of De Standaard. They were the mascots of 't Kapoentje from 1947 until the magazine's demise in 1985.

The weekly gag-a-day comic was very popular in the 1940s, 1950s and early 1960s. In all of its incarnations the concept was the same: a group of children play tricks on adults and frequently get their revenge on a local police officer and an older evil young adult.

On 1 January 2030, all comics series by Marc Sleen, including De Lustige Kapoentjes, will enter public domain, in accordance with the Marc Sleen Foundation.

De Ronde van Frankrijk
De Ronde van Frankrijk (The Tour de France) was a Belgian gag cartoon comic strip series by Marc Sleen, in which he made a comedic report of every daily tournament of the annual cycling contest the Tour de France. Sleen drew the strip each year, from 1947 up until 1964, for the Flemish newspapers Het Vrije Volksblad and Het Volk.

On 1 January 2030, all comics series by Marc Sleen, including De Ronde van Frankrijk, will enter public domain, in accordance with the Marc Sleen Foundation.
Robert Penn Warren
Robert Penn Warren (April 24, 1905 – September 15, 1989) was an American poet, novelist, literary critic and professor at Yale University.  He was one of the founders of New Criticism. He was also a charter member of the Fellowship of Southern Writers. He founded the literary journal The Southern Review with Cleanth Brooks in 1935. He received the 1947 Pulitzer Prize for the Novel for All the King's Men (1946) and the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1958 and 1979. He is the only person to have won Pulitzer Prizes for both fiction and poetry. Yale awarded Warren an honorary Doctor of Letters degree in 1973.

Thornton Wilder
Thornton Niven Wilder (April 17, 1897 – December 7, 1975) was an American playwright and novelist. He won three Pulitzer Prizes, for the novel The Bridge of San Luis Rey and for the plays Our Town and The Skin of Our Teeth, and a U.S. National Book Award for the novel The Eighth Day.
Arent Schuyler
Arent Philipse Schuyler (June 25, 1662 – November 26, 1730) was a member of the influential Schuyler family (among the first settlers to New Netherland). He was a surveyor, Native American trader, miner, merchant, and land speculator.

Johannes Schuyler
Johannes Schuyler (October 15, 1668 – November 5, 1747) was a prominent American of Dutch ancestry who served as the 10th Mayor of Albany, New York from 1703 to 1706, and later was a member of the provincial assembly.  He was the paternal grandfather of U.S. Senator Philip Schuyler and Mayor Abraham Cuyler.
2007 Oakland Raiders season
The 2007 Oakland Raiders season was the 48th overall season of the Oakland Raiders franchise, the franchise's 38th season in the National Football League (NFL), their 13th season since their return to Oakland and the 1st season under head coach Lane Kiffin.  The team finished the season with a 4–12 record. It began with the team's fourth head coach in six seasons.

By virtue of the team's 2–14 finish in 2006 (the worst in the NFL for that year), they acquired the first overall pick in the 2007 NFL draft. With that first pick, the Raiders selected LSU quarterback JaMarcus Russell, who went on to be one of the biggest busts in NFL history.

As in 2005 and 2006, the Raiders faced both participants from the previous season's Super Bowl. In 2007, they had home games scheduled against the Chicago Bears and Indianapolis Colts from Super Bowl XLI. They lost to both teams.

2007 Denver Broncos season
The 2007 season was the Denver Broncos' 38th in the National Football League (NFL) and their 48th overall. A loss to the Houston Texans in Week 15 and a win by the San Diego Chargers the following Sunday knocked them out of playoff contention, marking the second year in a row they failed to make the playoffs. The Broncos' 7–9 record was their worst since 1999, their last losing season (when they went 6–10).
Wing (military unit)
In military aviation, a wing is a unit of command. In most military aviation services, a wing is a relatively large formation of planes. In Commonwealth countries a wing usually comprises three squadrons, with several wings forming a group (around 10 squadrons). Each squadron will contain around 20 planes.

Jagdgeschwader I (World War I)
Jagdgeschwader I (JG I) of World War I, was a fighter wing of the German Luftstreitkräfte, comprising four Jastas (fighter squadrons). The first unit of its type formed under that classification, JG I was formed on 24 June 1917, with Manfred von Richthofen as commanding officer, by combining Jastas 4, 6, 10 and 11. JG I became known as "The Flying Circus" (German: Der Fliegende Zirkus) or "Richthofen's Circus" because of the bright colours of its aircraft, and perhaps also because of the way the unit was transferred from one area of Allied air activity to another – moving like a travelling circus in trains, and frequently setting up in tents on improvised airfields.
Jerry Lawler
Jerry O'Neil Lawler (born November 29, 1949), better known as Jerry "the King" Lawler, is an American retired color commentator and professional wrestler signed to WWE under a Legends contract.

Prior to joining the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) in 1992, he wrestled in numerous territories, winning many championships, including multiple World Heavyweight Championships, throughout his career. Lawler is a one-time AWA World Heavyweight Champion and a three-time WCWA World Heavyweight Champion: he unified the titles by defeating Kerry Von Erich at Superclash III, forming the USWA Unified World Heavyweight Championship, a championship which he held 28 times. He is also known for his feud with comedian Andy Kaufman, and for portraying himself in the 1999 Jim Carrey film about Kaufman, Man on the Moon.

In 2007, Lawler was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame.

Dennis Condrey
Dennis Condrey (born February 1, 1952) is an American retired professional wrestler. He is best known for his appearances with the Continental Wrestling Association, Jim Crockett Promotions and World Championship Wrestling in the 1970s and 1980s.
Sean Phillips
Sean Phillips (born 27 January 1965) is a British comic book artist, best known for his collaborations with Ed Brubaker on comics including Sleeper, Incognito, the Criminal series of comics, Fatale, The Fade Out, and Kill or Be Killed.

He has also worked on the DC Comics' series WildC.A.T.s and Hellblazer.

Crisis (British comics)
Crisis (also known as 2000 AD Presents: Crisis) was a British comic anthology published by Fleetway Publications from 17 September 1988 to October 1991, initially fortnightly and later monthly. Designed to appeal to older readers than other Fleetway titles in order to take advantage of a boom in interest in 'adult' comics, Crisis featured overtly political and complex stories; one issue was even produced in conjunction with Amnesty International.

Despite being branded under the umbrella of the successful 2000 AD, the comic was not a sales success and – despite periodic attempts at revamps – was cancelled after 63 issues. However, it did feature early work by a number of notable British comics creators, including Garth Ennis, John McCrea, Mark Millar, Grant Morrison and John Smith.
Orneus
In Greek mythology, Orneus (/ˈɔːrnˌjuːs/; Ancient Greek: Ὀρνεύς) may refer to two different personages:

Orneus, an Athenian prince as the son of King Erechtheus and probably Praxithea, daughter of Phrasimus and Diogeneia. His possible siblings were Protogeneia, Pandora, Creusa, Procris, Oreithyia, Chthonia, Merope, Cecrops, Pandorus, Metion, Thespius, Eupalamus and Sicyon. Orneus was the father of Peteus and through the latter became the grandfather of Menestheus, successor of Theseus. The town of Orneae is believed to be named after him. Otherwise, the eponym of the land was attributed to the naiad Ornea, daughter of the river-god Asopus and Metope.

Orneus, one of the centaurs who attended Pirithous' wedding. He fought against the Lapiths and fled.

Pandora (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Pandora (Ancient Greek: Πανδώρα, derived from πᾶν, pān, i.e. "all" and δῶρον, dōron, i.e. "gift", thus "the all-endowed", "all-gifted" or "all-giving") was the name of the following women:

Pandora, first human woman created by the gods.

Pandora, daughter of Deucalion and Pyrrha, and thus, granddaughter of the above figure.

Pandora, an Athenian princess as the second eldest daughter of King Erechtheus of Athens and probably Praxithea, daughter of Phrasimus and Diogeneia. Together with her sister Protogeneia, they sacrificed herself on behalf of their country when an army came from Boeotia during the war between Athens and Eleusis. Pandora's other sisters were Procris, Creusa, Oreithyia, Chthonia, and Merope while her possible brothers were Cecrops, Pandorus, Metion, Orneus, Thespius, Eupalamus and Sicyon.
Covington, Kentucky
Covington is a home rule-class city in Kenton County, Kentucky, United States. It is located at the confluence of the Ohio and Licking rivers, across from Cincinnati, Ohio to the north and Newport to the east. It is the largest city in Northern Kentucky and the fifth-most populous city in the state with a population of 40,691 at the 2020 census. Covington is part of the Cincinnati metropolitan area and is one of Kenton County's two seats, along with Independence.

Ashland Global
Ashland, Inc., is an American chemical company headquartered in Wilmington, Delaware. The company began as an oil refinery in the city of Ashland, Kentucky, in 1924, before moving to Wilmington in 1994. The company has five wholly owned divisions, which include Chemical Intermediates and Solvents, composites, industrial specialties, personal and home care, pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, and agriculture. Until 2017, the company was the primary manufacturer of Valvoline.
John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore
John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore PC (1730 – 25 February 1809) was a British Army officer and colonial administrator who served as the governor of Virginia from 1771 to 1775. Dunmore was named governor of New York in 1770. He succeeded to the same position in the colony of Virginia the following year after the death of Norborne Berkeley, 4th Baron Botetourt. As Virginia's governor, Dunmore directed a series of campaigns against the trans-Appalachian Indians, known as Lord Dunmore's War. He is noted for issuing a 1775 document, Dunmore's Proclamation, offering freedom to slaves who fought for the British Crown against Patriot rebels in Virginia.  Dunmore fled to New York after the burning of Norfolk in 1776 and later returned to Britain. He was Governor of the Bahamas from 1787 to 1796.

Raleigh Tavern
The Raleigh Tavern was a tavern in Williamsburg, Virginia, and was one of the largest taverns in colonial Virginia. It gained some fame in the pre-American Revolutionary War Colony of Virginia as a gathering place for legislators after several Royal Governors officially dissolved the House of Burgesses, the elected legislative body, when their actions did not suit the Crown. It was also the site of the founding of the Phi Beta Kappa Society on December 5, 1776.

Rebuilt in 1930–31, it was both the first building to be reconstructed and to be opened as part of Colonial Williamsburg. Unlike several other taverns in Williamsburg that operate as restaurants or inns, the reconstructed Raleigh Tavern building serves as a museum, showing visitors how the tavern would have appeared.

It was named after Sir Walter Raleigh, an important figure in the English settlement of Virginia. A lead bust of Raleigh sat above the entrance door.