hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Death in Vegas
Death in Vegas is an English electronic music group, for which Richard Fearless serves as frontman. The band was formed in 1994 by Fearless and Steve Hellier and signed to Concrete Records under the name of Dead Elvis. Owing to an Irish record label of the same name, Dead Elvis became the title of their first album instead.

Spiritualized
Spiritualized (stylised as Spiritualized®) are an English rock band formed in 1990 in Rugby, Warwickshire, by Jason Pierce (often known as J. Spaceman), formerly of Spacemen 3. The band had fluid personnel in its early years but by 1999 became centred on Pierce (vocals, guitar), Doggen Foster (guitar) and Kevin Bales (drums and percussion), with revolving bassists and keyboardists. Bassist James Stelfox has been playing with the band since 2012.

As of 2023, Spiritualized have released nine studio albums. The best known and most critically acclaimed of these is 1997's Ladies and Gentlemen We Are Floating in Space, which NME magazine named as their Album of the Year.
Dartford
Dartford is the principal town in the Borough of Dartford, Kent, England. It is located 18 mi (29 km) south-east of Central London and
is situated adjacent to the London Borough of Bexley to its west. To its north, across the Thames Estuary, is Thurrock in Essex, which can be reached via the Dartford Crossing. To its east lies the Borough of Gravesham and to the south the district of Sevenoaks. It had a population of 51,240.

The town centre lies in a valley through which the River Darent flows and where the old road from London to Dover crossed: hence the name, which derives from Darent + ford. Dartford became a market town in medieval times and, although today it is principally a commuter town for Greater London, it has a long history of religious, industrial and cultural importance. It is an important rail hub; the main through-road now by-passes the town itself.

Dartford Cricket Club
Dartford Cricket Club is one of the oldest cricket clubs in England with origins which date from the early 18th century, perhaps earlier. The earliest known match involving a team from Dartford took place in 1722, against London, but the club's own website says it was formally established in 1727. The club is still in existence and now plays in the Kent Cricket League.
Earl
Earl (/ɜːrl, ɜːrəl/) is a rank of the nobility in the United Kingdom. In modern Britain, an earl is a member of the peerage, ranking below a marquess and above a viscount. A feminine form of earl never developed; instead, countess is used.

The title originates in the Old English word eorl, meaning "a man of noble birth or rank". The word is cognate with the Scandinavian form jarl. After the Norman Conquest, it became the equivalent of the continental count. In Scotland, it assimilated the concept of mormaer. Since the 1960s, earldoms have typically been created only for members of the royal family. The last non-royal earldom, Earl of Stockton, was created in 1984 for Harold Macmillan, prime minister from 1957 to 1963.

Alternative names for the rank equivalent to "earl" or "count" in the nobility structure are used in other countries, such as the hakushaku (伯爵) of the post-restoration Japanese Imperial era.

Hereditary title
Hereditary titles, in a general sense, are nobility titles, positions or styles that are hereditary and thus tend or are bound to remain in particular families.

Though both monarchs and nobles usually inherit their titles, the mechanisms often differ, even in the same country. The British crown has been inheritable by women since the medieval era (in the absence of brothers), while the vast majority of hereditary noble titles granted by British sovereigns are not inheritable by daughters.
Linear algebra
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as

linear maps such as

and their representations in vector spaces and through matrices.

Linear algebra is central to almost all areas of mathematics. For instance, linear algebra is fundamental in modern presentations of geometry, including for defining basic objects such as lines, planes and rotations. Also, functional analysis, a branch of mathematical analysis, may be viewed as the application of linear algebra to function spaces.

Linear algebra is also used in most sciences and fields of engineering because it allows modeling many natural phenomena, and computing efficiently with such models. For nonlinear systems, which cannot be modeled with linear algebra, it is often used for dealing with first-order approximations, using the fact that the differential of a multivariate function at a point is the linear map that best approximates the function near that point.

Mathematical physics
Mathematical physics is the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics. The Journal of Mathematical Physics defines the field as "the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the development of mathematical methods suitable for such applications and for the formulation of physical theories". An alternative definition would also include those mathematics that are inspired by physics, known as physical mathematics.
Lüshunkou, Dalian
Lüshunkou District (also Lyushunkou District; 旅顺口区), commonly known as Lüshun (旅顺), is a district of Dalian, Liaoning province, China. The district has an area of 512.15 km2 (197.74 sq mi) and a permanent population of 398,579 as of 2020.

Lüshunkou is located at the extreme southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula. It has a natural harbor, the possession and control of which became a casus belli of the Russo-Japanese War (1904–05). Japanese and then Russian administration was established in 1895 and continued until 1905 when control was ceded to Japan. During that period, it was world-famous and was more significant than the other port on the peninsula, Dalian proper.

Lüshunkou was formerly known as both Port Arthur (Russian: Порт-Артур, romanized: Port-Artur) and Ryojun (Japanese: 旅順). After World War II, it was returned to China as Lüshun City. In 1960, Lüshun was redesignated as a district of Dalian (known as Lüda until 1981).

Scuttling
Scuttling is the act of deliberately sinking a ship by allowing water to flow into the hull, typically by its crew opening holes in its hull.

Scuttling may be performed to dispose of an abandoned, old, or captured vessel; to prevent the vessel from becoming a navigation hazard; as an act of self-destruction to prevent the ship from being captured by an enemy force; as a blockship to restrict navigation through a channel or within a harbor; to provide an artificial reef for divers and marine life; or to alter the flow of rivers.
Hollywood Blonds
The Hollywood Blonds is a name used by several professional wrestling tag teams over the years.

The original Blonds were Buddy Roberts and Jerry Brown, who used the name in the 1970s. Rip Rogers and Ted Oates wrestled as The Hollywood Blonds in the mid-1980s in the National Wrestling Alliance's (NWA) Jim Crockett Promotions (JCP). The name was also adopted by "Pretty Boy" Larry Sharpe and "Dynamite" Jack Evans, who had a stint in then World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF). The most well-known team to use the "Hollywood Blonds" moniker was "Stunning" Steve Austin and "Flyin" Brian Pillman who used the name as a heel tag team in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) in 1992 and 1993 and is often mentioned when talking about great tag teams. Keith Roberson was also a Hollywood Blond

Glossary of professional wrestling terms
Professional wrestling has accrued a considerable amount of jargon throughout its existence. Much of it stems from the industry's origins in the days of carnivals and circuses. In the past, professional wrestlers used such terms in the presence of fans so as not to reveal the worked nature of the business. Into the 21st century, widespread discussion on the Internet has popularized these terms. Many of the terms refer to the financial aspects of professional wrestling in addition to in-ring terms.
Iran national under-20 football team
Iran national under-20 football team (also known as Iran Under-20, Iran U-20 or Iran Youth Team) represents Iran in international Association football competitions in AFC U-20 Asian Cup and FIFA U-20 World Cup, as well as any other under-20 international football tournaments. It is controlled by the Iran Football Federation.

Japan national under-20 football team
The Japan national under-20 football team (Japanese: U-20サッカー日本代表) is a national association football team of Japan and is controlled by the Japan Football Association. The year before the FIFA U-20 World Cup, the national team is renamed the Japan national under-19 football team, and the year before that, the national team is renamed the Japan national under-18 football team.
Thiruvidaimarudur
Thiruvidaimarudur (also spelt as Thiruvidaimaradur or Tiruvidaimarudur) is a panchayat town in Thanjavur district, in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.  The town is notable for its Mahalingeshwarar Temple, a Hindu shrine for Lord Shiva.

Mayuranathaswami Temple, Mayiladuthurai
Mayuranathaswamy Temple, or simply Mayuranathar Temple, is a Hindu temple in the town of Mayiladuthurai (formerly known as Mayavaram or Mayuram) in Tamil Nadu, India. The temple is dedicated to Lord Mayuranathaswamy, a form of Shiva, and has given its name to the town itself. The main icon is a  lingam and the presiding deity is called Mayuranathar because the Hindu goddess Parvathi worshipped Shiva here in the form of a mayura.

The temple is considered one of the 275 Paadal Petra Sthalams – Shiva temples that are revered in the early medieval Tevaram poems by Tamil Saivite Nayanars including  Appar, and Tirugnanasambandar. It is the thirty-ninth shrine located on the southern bank of the River Kaveri.

In the 14th century, Tamil poet Arunagirinathar composed song number 788 in the Tiruppukal collection, dedicated to the deity Murugan, associated with this temple. The shrine is managed by Thiruvavaduthurai adheenam.
Philip Barton Key II
Philip Barton Key II (April 5, 1818 – February 27, 1859) was an American lawyer who served as U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia. He is most famous for his public affair with Teresa Bagioli Sickles, and his eventual murder at the hands of her husband, Congressman Daniel Sickles of New York. Sickles defended himself by adopting a defense of temporary insanity, the first time the defense had been successfully used in the United States.

Lafayette Square, Washington, D.C.
Lafayette Square is a seven-acre (28,327 m2) public park located within President's Park in Washington, D.C., directly north of the White House on H Street, bounded by Jackson Place on the west, Madison Place on the east and Pennsylvania Avenue on the south. It is named for the general, the Marquis de Lafayette, a French aristocrat, and hero of the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783).

The square includes several statues of revolutionary heroes from Europe, including Lafayette. At its center is a famous statue of early 19th century U.S. president and general Andrew Jackson on horseback with both of the horse's front hooves raised.

In 1970, Lafayette Square and the surrounding structures were designated the Lafayette Square Historic District.
Minesweeper
A minesweeper is a small warship designed to remove or detonate naval mines. Using various mechanisms intended to counter the threat posed by naval mines, minesweepers keep waterways clear for safe shipping.

Commercial Iron Works
Commercial Iron Works was a manufacturing firm in Portland, Oregon, United States. Established in 1916, the company is best remembered today for its contribution to America's Emergency Shipbuilding Program during World War II.
Hausdorff space
In topology and related branches of mathematics, a Hausdorff space (/ˈhaʊsdɔːrf/ HOWSS-dorf, /ˈhaʊzdɔːrf/ HOWZ-dorf), T2 space or separated space, is a topological space where distinct points have disjoint neighbourhoods.  Of the many separation axioms that can be imposed on a topological space, the "Hausdorff condition" (T2) is the most frequently used and discussed. It implies the uniqueness of limits of sequences, nets, and filters.

Hausdorff spaces are named after Felix Hausdorff, one of the founders of topology. Hausdorff's original definition of a topological space (in 1914) included the Hausdorff condition as an axiom.

Haar measure
In mathematical analysis, the Haar measure assigns an "invariant volume" to subsets of locally compact topological groups, consequently defining an integral for functions on those groups.

This measure was introduced by Alfréd Haar in 1933, though its special case for Lie groups had been introduced by Adolf Hurwitz in 1897 under the name "invariant integral". Haar measures are used in many parts of analysis, number theory, group theory, representation theory, statistics, probability theory, and ergodic theory.
Tiaret
Tiaret (Arabic: تيارت) or Tahert (Arabic: تاهرت) is a major city in northwestern Algeria that gives its name to the wider farming region of Tiaret Province. Both the town and region lie south-west of the capital of Algiers in the western region of the Hautes Plaines, in the Tell Atlas, and about 150 km (93 mi) from the Mediterranean coast. It is served by Abdelhafid Boussouf Bou Chekif Airport.

Tébessa
Tébessa or Tebessa (Arabic: تبسة Tibissa, Tbessa or Tibesti), the classical Theveste, is the capital city of Tébessa Province in northeastern Algeria, near the border with Tunisia. It hosts several historical landmarks, the most important one being the wall that surrounds the city and its gates. The city is also known for its traditional Algerian carpets. Tébessa was home to over 190,000 people in 2007.
GTV (Indonesian TV network)
PT Global Informasi Bermutu, operating as GTV,  which is an initialism derived from its previous name, Global TV, is an Indonesian free-to-air television network. It was launched on 8 October 2002. Originally a music television channel as MTV broadcaster in Indonesia and Asia, it was one of the first television network in the world to broadcast MTV for 24 hours a day free-to-air over UHF. GTV shifted its focus to general entertainment programming targeting young adults. Currently, the broadcaster airs news, sports, soap opera, reality and game shows, along with Nickelodeon animation series and anime, making up its programming schedule. It is owned by Media Nusantara Citra (MNC), which also owns RCTI, MNCTV and iNews.

BTV (Indonesian TV channel)
BTV, a.k.a. formerly the  Q Channel, QTV and BeritaSatu (literally translated as NewsOne) is an Indonesian digital free-to-air television network owned by B Universe. 80% of the stake is owned by former Minister of Trade, NasDem Party politician and businessman Enggartiasto Lukita. The channel is the first Indonesia-based pay television channel. It focused on news, sports and entertainment programming.
Interest rate risk
Interest rate risk refers to the potential for financial loss due to fluctuations in interest rates.  It will, in turn, impact differently re market risk, i.e. impacting instruments such as Bonds, re banks and re insurers.

Foreign exchange risk
Foreign exchange risk (also known as FX risk, exchange rate risk or currency risk) is a financial risk that exists when a financial transaction is denominated in a currency other than the domestic currency of the company. The exchange risk arises when there is a risk of an unfavourable change in exchange rate between the domestic currency and the denominated currency before the date when the transaction is completed.

Foreign exchange risk also exists when the foreign subsidiary of a firm maintains financial statements in a currency other than the domestic currency of the consolidated entity.

Investors and businesses exporting or importing goods and services, or making foreign investments, have an exchange-rate risk but can take steps to manage (i.e. reduce) the risk.
Microcline
Microcline  (KAlSi3O8) is an important igneous rock-forming tectosilicate mineral. It is a potassium-rich alkali feldspar.  It is common in granite and pegmatites. Microcline forms during slow cooling of orthoclase. Sanidine is a polymorph of alkali feldspar stable at yet higher temperature. Microcline has cross-hatch twinning that forms as a result of the transformation of monoclinic orthoclase into triclinic microcline.

The chemical compound name is potassium aluminium silicate, and it is known as E number reference E555.

Eudialyte
Eudialyte, whose name derives from the Greek phrase Εὖ διάλυτος, eu dialytos, meaning "well decomposable", is a somewhat rare, nine-member-ring cyclosilicate mineral, which forms in alkaline igneous rocks, such as nepheline syenites. Its name alludes to its ready solubility in acid.

Eudialyte was first described in 1819 for an occurrence in nepheline syenite of the Ilimaussaq intrusive complex of southwest Greenland.
Ontario Human Rights Commission
The Ontario Human Rights Commission (OHRC) is an arm's length Crown agency of the Canadian province of Ontario responsible for administering the Ontario Human Rights Code. The OHRC reports to the legislature through the Attorney General of Ontario.

Established in 1961, the OHRC's statutory mandate under the Code is to "promote, protect and advance respect for human rights, and to identify and promote the elimination of discriminatory practices." A full-time chief commissioner and a varying number of part-time commissioners are appointed by Order in Council. Staff of the OHRC is appointed under the Public Service of Ontario Act, 2006.

Canadian Islamic Congress
The Canadian Islamic Congress (CIC) was a Canadian Muslim non-profit organization.

The group was founded by Mohamed Elmasry of the University of Waterloo, a world expert in microchip design, with a 1994 meeting of Muslim leaders from across the country and it was formally incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1998.
Ye Zhaoying
Ye Zhaoying (simplified Chinese: 叶钊颖; traditional Chinese: 葉釗穎; pinyin: Yè Zhāoyǐng; born 7 May 1974) is a retired badminton player from Hangzhou, China. Officially ranked as the number one women's singles player in the world for the first time in December 1995, she lost and regained that ranking several times during her career. Her best years as a player overlapped those of the slightly older Susi Susanti and Bang Soo-hyun, in what some see as a "golden" era in women's badminton.

She retired after the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games, and in 2002, she started a new career as a golfer, trained at the Tian An Golf Club. She married former Chinese footballer and top-scoring striker Hao Haidong in summer 2019.

China national badminton team
The China national badminton team (Chinese: 中国国家羽毛球队; pinyin: Zhōngguó guójiā yǔmáoqiú duì) is a badminton team that represents the People's Republic of China in international badminton team competitions. In addition to the first national team, there is also the second national badminton team of China. Immediately afterward, there is the China National Badminton National Youth Team. All team procedures are managed by the China Badminton Association. The Chinese National Badminton Team is the most successful badminton team in history, having won 11 Thomas Cups, 16 Uber Cups, and 13 Sudirman Cups. China is also the only country to achieve a clean sweep gold medal in 2012 Olympics.
Al-Jabalain Club
Al-Jabalain Football Club (Arabic: نادي الجبلين, lit. Two Mountains Football Club) is a Saudi Arabian professional football club based in the city of Hail, in north-western Saudi Arabia, that competes in the Saudi First Division League, the second tier of the Saudi football league system.

Al Taawoun FC
Al-Taawoun FC (Arabic: نادي التعاون) is a Saudi Arabian professional football and multi-sports club based in Buraidah, Saudi Arabia, that competes in the Saudi Pro League, the top tier of the Saudi football league system.

The club plays its home matches at King Abdullah Sport City Stadium, located in the city of Buraidah, which it shares with city rivals Al-Raed, with whom it contests the Qassim Derby. Additionally, the club uses the smaller Al-Taawoun Stadium for less prominent fixtures. The name "Al Taawoun" translates to "cooperation" in Arabic.
Dragongate
Dragongate (DRAGONGATE株式会社, DRAGONGATE Kabushiki-gaisha; formerly Dragon Gate and currently promoted as Dragongate Japan Pro-Wrestling (ドラゴンゲート・ジャパン・プロレスリング, Doragongēto Japan puroresuringu)) is a Japanese professional wrestling promotion founded and headquartered in Kobe, Hyōgo, Japan.

The byproduct of the original Japanese Toryumon (闘龍門, Tōryūmon) promotion founded by Último Dragón, it is considered one of the current five major wrestling promotions in Japan. The promotion is based on a junior heavyweight style with varying emphasis on high flying maneuvers, flashy technical grappling, and submission wrestling. In its founding, and continuous to this day, Dragongate runs on a faction-based roster system, with the main heel stable(s) being derived from the previous, and face stables coming and going as time goes on.

Dragongate is currently owned by CEO Toru Kido as of 2018, and is a member of the United Japan Pro-Wrestling association.

Tsutomu Oosugi
Tsutomu Oosugi (大杉勉, Ōsugi Tsutomu; born January 10, 1985) is a Japanese professional wrestler. He currently wrestles as a freelancer in the Japanese independent circuit and as a regular in both Michinoku Pro Wrestling (Michinoku Pro) and Big Japan Pro Wrestling (BJW). His ring name is written in katakana as Tsutomu Oosugi (ツトム・オースギ).
Sorting algorithm
In computer science, a sorting algorithm is an algorithm that puts elements of a list into an order. The most frequently used orders are numerical order and lexicographical order, and either ascending or descending. Efficient sorting is important for optimizing the efficiency of other algorithms (such as search and merge algorithms) that require input data to be in sorted lists. Sorting is also often useful for canonicalizing data and for producing human-readable output.

Formally, the output of any sorting algorithm must satisfy two conditions:

The output is in monotonic order (each element is no smaller/larger than the previous element, according to the required order).

The output is a permutation (a reordering, yet retaining all of the original elements) of the input.

Although some algorithms are designed for sequential access, the highest-performing algorithms assume data is stored in a data structure which allows random access.

Selection algorithm
In computer science, a selection algorithm is an algorithm for finding the th smallest value in a collection of orderable values, such as numbers. The value that it finds is called the th order statistic. Selection includes as special cases the problems of finding the minimum, median, and maximum element in the collection. Selection algorithms include quickselect, and the median of medians algorithm. When applied to a collection of  values, these algorithms take linear time,  as expressed using big O notation. For data that is already structured, faster algorithms may be possible; as an extreme case, selection in an already-sorted array takes time .