hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Abraham Whipple
Commodore Abraham Whipple (September 26, 1733 – May 27, 1819) was a Continental Navy officer who served in the American Revolutionary War and co-founded Marietta, Ohio. Born near Providence, Rhode Island, Whipple chose to be a sailor early in his life and embarked on a career in the lucrative colonial trade with the West Indies, working for Moses and John Brown. During the French and Indian War, he became a privateer and commanded the ship Game Cock from 1759 to 1760. In one six-month cruise, he captured 23 French ships.

In 1772, Whipple burnt the first British naval casualty of the American Revolution, the revenue cutter Gaspee, in the Gaspée affair. After the war he was the first to unfurl an American flag in London. Whipple was also the first to sail an ocean-going ship 2000 miles downriver from Ohio to the Caribbean, which opened trade with the Northwest Territory.  He was a member of Society of the Cincinnati's Rhode Island branch.

USS Providence (1775)
USS Providence was a 12-gun sloop of the Continental Navy. Originally the Rhode Island State Navy ship Katy, she took part in a number of campaigns during the first half of the American Revolutionary War before being destroyed by her own crew in 1779 to prevent her falling into the hands of the British after the failed Penobscot Expedition.
Ls
ls is a shell command for listing files – including special files such as directories. Originally developed for Unix and later codified by POSIX and Single UNIX Specification, it is supported in many operating systems today, including Unix-like variants, Windows (via PowerShell and UnxUtils), EFI, and MSX-DOS (via MSX-DOS2 Tools).

The numerical computing environments MATLAB and GNU Octave include an ls 
command with similar functionality.

An ls command appeared in the first version of AT&T UNIX. The name inherited from Multics and is short for "list". ls is part of the X/Open Portability Guide since issue 2 of 1987. It was inherited into the first version of POSIX.1 and the Single Unix Specification.

In MS-DOS, OS/2, and Windows, the equivalent command is dir. Apple DOS for the Apple II uses CATALOG.

Find (Unix)
find is a shell command that locates files based on search criteria and performs actions on the matching files such as printing the file system path to the standard output. It starts searching at a directory in a hierarchical structure and recursively traverses the tree although can be limited to a maximum number of levels. Commonly used search criteria include file name pattern matching, file type matching, and time range matching for last modification or last access. With no arguments, the command outputs the path of each file in the tree rooted at the working directory. The command can search through different file systems of partitions belonging to one or more storage devices mounted under the starting directory. The command is available on most Unix-like systems.
Hanna Rizatdinova
Hanna Serhiivna Rizatdinova (Ukrainian: Ганна Сергіївна Різатдінова; born 16 July 1993) is a Ukrainian individual rhythmic gymnast. In the all-around event, she is the 2016 Olympic bronze medalist, a two-time World All-around medalist (silver in 2013, bronze in 2014), and a two-time (2014, 2016) European All-around bronze medalist.

2016 FIG Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup series
The 2016 FIG World Cup circuit in Rhythmic Gymnastics includes ten category B events.

With nine stopovers in Europe and one in Asia, the competitions are slated for February 26–28 in Espoo (FIN), March 17–20 in Lisbon (POR), April 1–3 in Pesaro (ITA), May 13–15 in Tashkent (UZB), May 20–22 in Minsk (BLR), May 27–29 in Sofia (BUL), June 3–5 in Guadalajara (ESP), July 1–3 in Berlin (GER), July 9–10 in Kazan (RUS), and July 22–24 in Baku (AZE).

The world ranking points collected by the competitors at their best four World Cup events will add up to a total, and the top scorers in each discipline will be crowned winners of the overall series at the final event in Baku, Azerbaijan.
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγ) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RORC (RAR-related orphan receptor C) gene. RORγ is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. It is mainly expressed in immune cells (Th17 cells) and it also regulates circadian rhythms. It may be involved in the progression of certain types of cancer.

TBX21
T-box transcription factor TBX21, also called T-bet (T-box expressed in T cells), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TBX21 gene. Though being for long thought of only as a master regulator of type 1 immune response, T-bet has recently been shown to be implicated in development of various immune cell subsets and maintenance of mucosal homeostasis.
Race Imboden
Race Alick Reid Imboden (born April 17, 1993) is an American left-handed former foil fencer. He is a nine-time team Pan American champion, six-time individual Pan American champion, and 2019 team world champion. A three-time Olympian, Imboden is a two-time team Olympic bronze medalist. He competed in the 2012 London Olympic Games, the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games, and the 2021 Tokyo Olympic Games.

In addition to his fencing career, Imboden is also a menswear fashion model.

Alexander Massialas
Alexander Chen Massialas (Chinese: 陳海翔; pinyin: Chén Hǎixiáng; /ˌmɑːsiˈɑːlɪs/ MAH-see-AH-liss; born April 20, 1994) is an American right-handed foil fencer. He is a two-time NCAA champion, 11-time team Pan American champion, two-time individual Pan American champion, and 2019 team world champion who is currently the fencing coach for the Stanford Cardinal.

A four-time Olympian, Massialas first competed in the 2012 London Olympic Games, where he was the youngest male athlete representing the United States. He later won the Olympic silver medal at the 2016 Summer Olympics Individual Men's Foil competition and is a two-time team Olympic bronze medalist, first at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro for men's team foil and then at the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympics for men's team foil.
Hazebrouck
Hazebrouck (French pronunciation: [azbʁuk] ⓘ; Dutch: Hazebroek, pronounced [ˈɦaːzəbruk]; West Flemish: Oazebroeke) is a commune in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France. It was a small market town in Flanders until it became an important railway junction in the 1860s. West Flemish was the usual language until 1880, when French was taught at school by mandate of the French government in an effort to "Frenchify" the people of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais and to extinguish their Flemish roots. The development of the railways linked Hazebrouck to Lille to Calais and Dunkirk.

Steenvoorde
Steenvoorde (French pronunciation: [stɛ̃vɔʁd]) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. Once part of the Seventeen Provinces of the Low Countries, Steenvoorde was the site of the beginning of the Beeldenstorm, or "Iconoclastic Fury."  Today the city is known for its Géants du Nord, sculptures of giants that can be admired in summer festivals.
Putnam County, Illinois
Putnam County is the least extensive county in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 United States census, it had a population of 5,637. The county seat is Hennepin. The county was formed in 1825 out of Fulton County and named after Israel Putnam, who was a general in the American Revolution. Putnam County is part of the Ottawa, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Lee County, Illinois
Lee County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 34,145. Its county seat is Dixon. The Dixon, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Lee County.
Diocese of Ciudad Victoria
The Diocese of Ciudad Victoria (Latin: Dioecesis Civitatis Victoriensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Mexico. It is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Monterrey. The diocese was erected on 21 December 1964. from territory split from the Diocese of Tampico (that had the name of Diocese of Ciudad Victoria between 1870 and 1958).

Roman Catholic Diocese of Saltillo
The Diocese of Saltillo (Latin: Dioecesis Saltillensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Mexico. The diocese was erected on 23 June 1891. It is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Monterrey.
Camille Chautemps
Camille Chautemps (French: [kamij ʃotɑ̃]; 1 February 1885 – 1 July 1963) was a French Radical politician of the Third Republic, three times President of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister).

He was the father-in-law of U.S. politician and statesman Howard J. Samuels.

Gaston Doumergue
Pierre Paul Henri Gaston Doumergue (French: [ɡastɔ̃ dumɛʁɡ]; 1 August 1863 in Aigues-Vives, Gard – 18 June 1937 in Aigues-Vives) was a French politician who served as President of France from 1924 to 1931.

Tasked with important ministerial portfolios, he was first appointed President of the Council of Ministers in 1913, but was forced to leave power a few months after his appointment. He was elected as President of the Senate in 1923.

At the end of his mandate as President of France, refusing to compete against his eventual successor, Doumergue retired, but chaired a government of national unity during the crisis created by the riots of 6 February 1934.
Omaha World-Herald
The Omaha World-Herald is a daily newspaper in the midwestern United States, the primary newspaper of the Omaha-Council Bluffs metropolitan area.

It was locally owned from its founding in 1885 until 2020, when it was sold to the newspaper chain Lee Enterprises by its most recent local owner, Warren Buffett, chairman of Omaha-based Berkshire Hathaway.

For more than a century it circulated daily throughout  Nebraska – a state that is 430 miles (690 km) long. It also circulated daily throughout all of Iowa, and in parts of Kansas, South Dakota, Missouri, Colorado, and Wyoming. It retrenched during the 2008 financial crisis, ending far-flung circulation and restricting daily delivery to an area in Nebraska and Iowa within an approximately 100-mile (160 km) radius of Omaha.

Tulsa World
The Tulsa World is an American daily newspaper. It serves the city of Tulsa, Oklahoma, and is the primary newspaper for the northeastern and eastern portions of Oklahoma. The printed edition is the second-most circulated newspaper in the state, after The Oklahoman.

It was founded in 1905 and locally owned by the Lorton family for almost 100 years until February 2013, when it was sold to BH Media Group, a Berkshire Hathaway company controlled by Warren Buffett. The Tulsa World Media Company became part of Lee Enterprises in 2020. The paper was jointly operated with the Tulsa Tribune from 1941 to 1992.
St James's Palace Stakes
The St James's Palace Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to three-year-old colts. It is run at Ascot over a distance of 7 furlongs and 213 yards (1,603 metres). It is scheduled to be run each year in June.

Coventry Stakes
The Coventry Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old horses. It is run at Ascot over a distance of 6 furlongs (1,207 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in June.
Hibiya Line
The Hibiya Line (日比谷線, Hibiya-sen) is a subway line in Tokyo, Japan, owned and operated by Tokyo Metro. The line was named after the Hibiya area in Chiyoda's Yurakucho district, under which it passes. On maps, diagrams and signboards, the line is shown using the color silver, and its stations are given numbers using the letter "H".

Namboku Line (Tokyo Metro)
The Namboku Line (南北線, Nanboku-sen; South-North Line) is a subway line owned and operated by Tokyo Metro in Tokyo, Japan. The line runs between Meguro in Shinagawa and Akabane-Iwabuchi in Kita. The Namboku Line was referred to as Line 7 during the planning stages, thus the seldom-used official name is Line 7 Namboku Line (7号線南北線, Nana-gō-sen Nanboku-sen).

On maps, diagrams and signboards, the line is shown using the color emerald (previously coded "teal"), and its stations are given numbers using the letter "N".

The 21.3 km (13.2 mi) Namboku Line is one of Tokyo Metro's newer lines, featuring advanced technology including full automatic train operation and platform screen doors.
Devils Elbow, Missouri
Devils Elbow is an unincorporated community in Pulaski County, Missouri, United States on historic U.S. Highway 66. It is situated on the Big Piney River and is named for a tight incised meander in the river known as a "devil of an elbow". The community is approximately five miles (8 km) east of St. Robert.

Hazelgreen, Missouri
Hazelgreen is an unincorporated community in eastern Laclede County, Missouri, United States. It lies along historic U.S. Route 66, now an outer road of Interstate 44. The town is split by I-44, one mile west of the I-44 - Missouri Route 133 junction in adjacent Pulaski County. The Gasconade River is just north and west of the site.

A post office was established at Hazelgreen in 1858, and remained in operation until 1958. The community was named for the hazel bushes near the original town site.
Yoshi Tatsu
Naofumi Yamamoto (山本 尚史, Yamamoto Naofumi; born August 1, 1977) is a Japanese professional wrestler, better known by the ring name Yoshi Tatsu.

Yamamoto started his professional wrestling career under his real name in October 2002 with New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), where he remained until 2007, when he signed with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). In 2009, Yamamoto left WWE's developmental territory to join the promotion's main roster under the ring name Yoshi Tatsu (ヨシ・タツ, Yoshi Tatsu). After his release from WWE in June 2014, Yamamoto returned to NJPW the following October, performing under the tweaked ring name Yoshitatsu (ヨシタツ, Yoshitatsu). Following his departure from NJPW in late 2017, Yamamoto became a freelancer, and started working most notably for All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW), who he signed full time for between 2020 and 2023.

Manabu Soya
Manabu Soya (征矢 学, Soya Manabu; born December 23, 1984) is a Japanese professional wrestler. He is currently signed to Pro Wrestling NOAH. He is best known for his work in All Japan Pro Wrestling, and he previously lived in Canada training at the Can-Am Wrestling School under Scott D'Amore, working regularly for the Maximum Pro Wrestling promotion.
Mark Davis (pitcher)
Mark William Davis (born October 19, 1960) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. Davis played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Phillies (1980–1981, 1993), San Francisco Giants (1983–1987), San Diego Padres (1987–1989, 1993–1994), Kansas City Royals (1990–1992), Atlanta Braves (1992), and Milwaukee Brewers (1997). He won the National League Cy Young Award in 1989, as a relief pitcher for the Padres. Davis batted and threw left-handed. He was the Minor League Pitching Coordinator for the Kansas City Royals organization, but stepped aside after the 2011 season to coach a single short-season affiliate in 2012.

Keith Comstock
Keith Martin Comstock (born December 23, 1955) is an American former baseball relief pitcher and coach. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for parts of six seasons with the Minnesota Twins, San Francisco Giants, San Diego Padres, and Seattle Mariners. He also played for the Yomiuri Giants of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) and several Minor League Baseball teams before his tenure in MLB.

Comstock served as a minor league and organizational pitching coach after his career.
Pokémon: Adventures in the Orange Islands
Pokémon: Adventures in the Orange Islands is the second season of the Pokémon anime series and of Pokémon the Series: The Beginning, known in Japan as Pocket Monsters (ポケットモンスター, Poketto Monsutā). It originally aired in Japan from January 28 to October 7, 1999, on TV Tokyo, and in the United States from December 4, 1999, to October 14, 2000, on The WB/Kids’ WB!.

This season follows the adventures of the ten-year-old Pokémon Trainer Ash Ketchum and his partner Pikachu as they collect Gym Badges in the Orange Islands, also known as the Orange Archipelago, so they can compete in the Orange League. Along the way Ash is joined by Misty and Tracey Sketchit, a Pokémon watcher.

The episodes were directed by Masamitsu Hidaka and produced by the animation studio Oriental Light and Magic.

Pokémon: The Johto Journeys
Pokémon: The Johto Journeys is the third season of the Pokémon anime series and the first season of Pokémon the Series: Gold and Silver, known in Japan as Pocket Monsters (ポケットモンスター, Poketto Monsutā). It originally aired in Japan from October 14, 1999, to July 27, 2000, on TV Tokyo, and in the United States from October 14, 2000, to August 11, 2001, on The WB/Kids' WB.

This season follows adventures of Ash Ketchum and Pikachu as they collect Gym Badges in the fictional Johto region so they can compete in the Johto League. Along the way Ash is joined by Misty and Brock.

The episodes were directed by Masamitsu Hidaka and produced by the animation studio OLM.

In 2000, during the show's run in the United States, it was ranked as the number 1 program among boys 2–11 years old.
Yenisei Kyrgyz
The Yenisei Kyrgyz (Old Turkic: 𐰶𐰃𐰺𐰴𐰕:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣, romanized: Qyrqyz bodun) were an ancient Turkic people who dwelled along the upper Yenisei River in the southern portion of the Minusinsk Hollow from the 3rd century BCE to the 13th century CE. The heart of their homeland was the forested Tannu-Ola mountain range (known in ancient times as the Lao or Kogmen mountains), in modern-day Tuva, just north of Mongolia. The Sayan Mountains were also included in their territory at different times.

Qapaghan Qaghan
Qapaghan or Qapghan Qaghan (Old Turkic: 𐰴𐰯𐰍𐰣:𐰴𐰍𐰣, romanized: Qapaɣan qaɣan, lit. meaning "the conqueror", simplified Chinese: 迁善; traditional Chinese: 遷善; pinyin: Qiānshàn, Xiao'erjing: ٿِيًا شًا, Dungan: Чяншан, Chinese: 阿史那•默啜; pinyin: Āshǐnà Mòchuò, also called Bögü Qaghan (Old Turkic: 𐰋𐰇𐰏:𐰴𐰍𐰣, romanized: Bögü qaɣan) in Bain Tsokto inscriptions) was the second qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate and was the younger brother of the first qaghan, Ilterish Qaghan. His reign (691–716) marked the apogee of the military and political might of the Second Turkic Khaganate and the beginning of its decline.
Larry Jackson (baseball)
Lawrence Curtis Jackson (June 2, 1931 – August 28, 1990) was an American right-handed professional baseball pitcher, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Cardinals, Chicago Cubs, and Philadelphia Phillies from 1955 to 1968. In 1964, Jackson led the National League (NL) with 24 wins (playing for the eighth-place Cubs), and was runner-up in the Cy Young Award voting; he also led the NL in innings pitched and shutouts, once each.

Jackson's 194 career NL victories are the most in the league since 1900 by any right-hander who never played for a first-place team. A model of reliability, he won at least 13 games in each of his last 12 seasons. His 141 wins in the 1960s was sixth most among all pitchers.

He later served four terms in the Idaho Legislature.

John Herrnstein
John Ellett Herrnstein (March 31, 1938 – October 3, 2017) was an American baseball and football player. He played Major League Baseball from 1962 to 1966 for the Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs,  and Atlanta Braves. He also played college baseball and football at the University of Michigan from 1956 to 1959. He was the captain of the 1958 Michigan Wolverines football team and the third generation of the Herrnstein family to play for a Michigan Wolverines football team. His father, William Herrnstein, Jr., played for the Wolverines from 1923 to 1925, and his grandfather, William Herrnstein, Sr., played for the team in the 1898 and 1900 seasons. His great uncle Albert E. Herrnstein played for Fielding H. Yost's famed "Point-a-Minute" teams in 1901 and 1902.
Linton Kwesi Johnson
Linton Kwesi Johnson CD (born 24 August 1952), also known as LKJ, is a Jamaica-born, British-based dub poet and activist. In 2002, he became the second living poet, and the only black one, to be published in the Penguin Modern Classics series. His performance poetry involves the recitation of his own verse in Jamaican patois over dub-reggae, usually written in collaboration with reggae producer/artist Dennis Bovell.

John Agard
John Agard FRSL (born 21 June 1949) is a Guyanese-born British playwright, poet and children's writer. In 2012, he was selected for the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry. He was awarded BookTrust's Lifetime Achievement Award in November 2021.
Winthrop Sargent
Winthrop Sargent (May 1, 1753 – June 3, 1820) was an American politician, military officer and writer, who served as Governor of Mississippi Territory from 1798 to 1801, and briefly as acting Adjutant General of the U. S. Army in 1791. He was a member of the Federalist party.

Judith Sargent Murray
Judith Sargent Stevens Murray (May 1, 1751 – June 9, 1820) was an early American advocate for women's rights, an essay writer, playwright, poet, and letter writer. She was one of the first American proponents of the idea of the equality of the sexes so that women, like men, had the capability of intellectual accomplishment and should be able to achieve economic independence.

Among many other influential pieces, her landmark essay "On the Equality of the Sexes" paved the way for new thoughts and ideas proposed by other feminist writers of the century.
A-Group culture
The A-Group was the first powerful society in Nubia, located in modern northern Sudan and southern Egypt and  flourished between the First and Second Cataracts of the Nile in Lower Nubia. It lasted from the 4th millennium BC, reached its climax at c. 3100 BC, and fell 200 years later c. 2900 BC.

X-Group culture
The X-Group Culture (ca. 300-600 AD) was an ancient Nubian civilization that existed in Lower Nubia. Cemetery excavations revealed that the civilization stretched from the Dodekaschoinos in the north to Delgo in the south.
Tonnage and poundage
Tonnage and poundage were English duties and taxes first levied in Edward II's reign on every tun (cask) of imported wine, which came mostly from Spain and Portugal, and on every pound weight of merchandise exported or imported.  Traditionally tonnage and poundage was granted by Parliament to the king for life, but this practice did not continue into the reign of Charles I. Tonnage and poundage were swept away by the Customs and Excise Act 1787.

Useless Parliament
The Useless Parliament was the first Parliament of England of the reign of King Charles I, sitting only from June until August 1625. It gained its name because it transacted no significant business, making it 'useless' from the king's point of view. Parliament adjourned to Oxford on 1 August, and was dissolved on 12 August, having offended the king.
Funkadelic
Funkadelic was an American funk rock band formed in Plainfield, New Jersey in 1968 and active until 1982. As one of the two flagship groups of George Clinton's P-Funk collective, they helped pioneer the funk music culture of the 1970s. Funkadelic initially formed as a backing band for Clinton's vocal group the Parliaments (later the full-fledged band Parliament), but eventually pursued a heavier, psychedelic rock-oriented sound in their own recordings. They released acclaimed albums such as Maggot Brain (1971) and One Nation Under a Groove (1978).

Can (band)
Can (stylized in all caps) were a German experimental rock band formed in Cologne in 1968 by Holger Czukay (bass, tape editing), Irmin Schmidt (keyboards), Michael Karoli (guitar), and Jaki Liebezeit (drums). They featured several vocalists, including American Malcolm Mooney (1968–70) and Japanese Damo Suzuki (1970–73). They have been hailed as pioneers of the German krautrock scene.

The founding members of Can came from backgrounds in avant-garde music and jazz. They blended elements of psychedelic rock, space rock, funk, samba and musique concrète on influential albums such as Tago Mago (1971), Ege Bamyasi (1972) and Future Days (1973). Can also had commercial success with singles such as "Spoon" (1971) and "I Want More" (1976) reaching national singles charts. Their work has influenced rock, post-punk, indie rock, post-rock and ambient acts.