hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
European tree frog
The European tree frog (Hyla arborea) is a small tree frog. As traditionally defined, it was found throughout much of Europe, Asia and northern Africa, but based on molecular genetic and other data several populations formerly included in it are now recognized as separate species (for example, H. intermedia of Italy and nearby, H. molleri of the Iberian Peninsula, H. meridionalis of parts of southwestern Europe and northern Africa, and H. orientalis of parts of Eastern Europe, Turkey and the Black Sea and Caspian Sea regions), limiting the true European tree frog to Europe from France to Poland and Greece.

Perez's frog
The Perez's frog (Pelophylax perezi), also known as Iberian waterfrog, Iberian green frog  or Coruna frog, is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is native to southern France, Portugal, Spain, and has been introduced to the Canary and Balearic Islands, Madeira, the United Kingdom, and the Azores. In the Iberian Peninsula it is widespread and common.

Its natural habitats are temperate forests, temperate shrubland, Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation, rivers, intermittent rivers, swamps, freshwater lakes, intermittent freshwater lakes, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, sandy shores, arable land, and urban areas. It is not considered threatened by the IUCN.
2003 Newfoundland and Labrador general election
The 2003 Newfoundland and Labrador general election was held on October 21, 2003, to elect the 48 members of the 45th General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador. The election was called on September 29 by Premier Roger Grimes of the Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador.

Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
The Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly (French: Chambre d'assemblée de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador) is the unicameral deliberative assembly of the General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It meets in the Confederation Building in St. John's. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, in the name of the Sovereign.

The governing party sits on the left side of the speaker of the House of Assembly as opposed to the traditional right side of the speaker. This tradition dates back to the 1850s as the heaters in the Colonial Building were located on the left side. Thus, the government chose to sit near the heat, and leave the opposition sitting in the cold.
Department of Conservation (New Zealand)
The Department of Conservation (DOC; Māori: Te Papa Atawhai) is the public service department of New Zealand charged with the conservation of New Zealand's natural and historical heritage.

An advisory body, the New Zealand Conservation Authority (NZCA) is provided to advise DOC and its ministers.  In addition there are 15 conservation boards for different areas around the country that provide for interaction between DOC and the public.

Protected areas of New Zealand
Protected areas of New Zealand are areas that are in some way protected to preserve their environmental, scientific, scenic, historical, cultural or recreational value. There are about 10,000 protected areas, covering about a third of the country. The method and aims of protection vary according to the importance of the resource and whether it is publicly or privately owned.

Nearly 30 percent of New Zealand's land mass is publicly owned with some degree of protection. Most of this land – about 80,000 square kilometres (31,000 sq mi) – is administered by the Department of Conservation. There are 13 national parks, thousands of reserves, 54 conservation parks, and a range of other conservation areas.

The department also manages 44 offshore and coastal marine reserves. Any development in Coastal Marine Areas, which extend up to the mean high water spring mark and up to a kilometre up rivers, require a resource consent under the Resource Management Act.
List of speakers of the Michigan House of Representatives
This is a complete list of the speakers of the Michigan House of Representatives. Elected by the members of the House, the Speaker is the presiding officer of that body. In addition to duties as chair, the adopted rules of the House of Representatives specify other powers and duties of the post. The Speaker is currently elected for a two-year term in the odd-numbered years in which the Legislature convenes.

Several speakers have gone on to pursue and achieve higher office, including as a member of Congress or as Governor of Michigan.

Fred R. Ming
Frederick R. Ming (1865-1943) was a Republican politician from Michigan who served in both houses of the Michigan Legislature, including as Speaker of the House during the 55th and 56th Legislatures. Ming was also a candidate in the primary for Lieutenant Governor of Michigan in 1934, losing to Thomas Read who was eventually elected with Governor Frank Fitzgerald.

Ming's parents, Henry and Mary, were born in Germany and came to the United States in 1859, settling in Oswego, New York. Ming became an orphan at the age of 13, after his father's death in 1877, and worked as a farm hand an in a cheese factory in New York. He moved to Cheboygan in July 1880 where he worked in a sawmill and later became a teacher. Ming also attended the Ontario Veterinary College and followed his late father into that profession.
Government of Kansas
The government of the U.S. state of Kansas, established by the Kansas Constitution, is a republican democracy modeled after the Federal Government of the United States. The state government has three branches: the executive, the legislative, and the judicial. Through a system of separation of powers, or "checks and balances," each of these branches has some authority to act on its own, and also some authority to regulate the other two branches, so that all three branches can limit and balance the others' authority.

The state government is based in Topeka, Kansas.

Government of Rhode Island
The government of the state of Rhode Island is prescribed from a multitude of sources; the main sources are the Rhode Island Constitution, the General Laws, and executive orders. The governmental structure is modeled on the government of the United States in having three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial.
George Bird Grinnell
George Bird Grinnell (September 20, 1849 – April 11, 1938) was an American anthropologist, historian, naturalist, and writer. Originally specializing in zoology, he became a prominent early conservationist and student of Native American life. Grinnell has been recognized for his influence on public opinion and work on legislation to preserve the American bison. Mount Grinnell in Glacier National Park in Montana is named after him.

George Kruck Cherrie
George Kruck Cherrie (August 22, 1865 – January 20, 1948) was an American naturalist and explorer. He collected numerous specimens on nearly forty expeditions that he joined for museums and several species have been named after him.
Lucy R. Lippard
Lucy Rowland Lippard (born April 14, 1937) is an American writer, art critic, activist, and curator. Lippard was among the first writers to argue for the "dematerialization" at work in conceptual art and was an early champion of feminist art. She is the author of thirty books and has curated some fifty exhibitions in the United States, Europe, and Latin America. Lippard lives and works in Galisteo, New Mexico.

Joyce Kozloff
Joyce Kozloff (born December 14, 1942) is an American artist known for her paintings, murals, and public art installations. She was one of the original members of the Pattern and Decoration movement and an early artist in the 1970s feminist art movement, including as a founding member of the Heresies collective.

She has been active in the women's and peace movements throughout her life. Since the early 1990s, her work has drawn extensively on cartography and patterns.
Uppsala County
Uppsala County (Swedish: Uppsala län) pronounced: /ʊpsɔˈlə/ is a county or län on the eastern coast of Sweden, whose capital is the city of Uppsala. It borders the counties of Dalarna, Stockholm, Södermanland, Västmanland, Gävleborg, and the Baltic Sea.

Västerbotten County
Västerbotten County (Swedish: Västerbottens län), sometimes called Westrobothnia, is a county or län in the north of Sweden. It shares the borders with the counties of Västernorrland, Jämtland, and Norrbotten, as well as the Norwegian county of Nordland and the Gulf of Bothnia. Its capital is Umeå which is also the largest city in Northern Sweden, and the second-largest city is Skellefteå. These two municipalities, both of which are located in the eastern coastal region, make up more than two thirds of Västerbotten's population. The interior of Västerbotten County is sparsely populated, and has vast wilderness areas. The land area of Västerbotten is larger than that of either Denmark, the Netherlands or Switzerland.
Gnathostomulid
Gnathostomulids, or jaw worms, are a small phylum of nearly microscopic marine animals. They inhabit sand and mud beneath shallow coastal waters and can survive in relatively anoxic environments. They were first recognised and described in 1956.

Platyzoa
The "Platyzoa" /ˌplætɪˈzoʊ.ə/ are a group of protostome unsegmented animals proposed by Thomas Cavalier-Smith in 1998. Cavalier-Smith included in Platyzoa the phylum Platyhelminthes (or flatworms), and a new phylum, the Acanthognatha, into which he gathered several previously described phyla of microscopic animals. Later it has been described as paraphyletic, containing the Rouphozoa and the Gnathifera. Since 2022 it is believed that Platyzoa are monophyletic and also includes Mesozoa.
Pierre-Auguste Renoir
Pierre-Auguste Renoir (/rɛnˈwɑːr/; French: [pjɛʁ oɡyst ʁənwaʁ]; 25 February 1841 – 3 December 1919) was a French artist who was a leading painter in the development of the Impressionist style. It has been said that, as a celebrator of beauty and especially feminine sensuality, "Renoir is the final representative of a tradition which runs directly from Rubens to Watteau."

He was the father of the actor Pierre Renoir (1885–1952), the filmmaker Jean Renoir (1894–1979) and the ceramic artist Claude Renoir (1901–1969). He was the grandfather of the filmmaker Claude Renoir (1913–1993), son of Pierre.

Childe Hassam
Frederick Childe Hassam (/ˈtʃaɪld ˈhæsəm/; October 17, 1859 – August 27, 1935) was an American Impressionist painter, noted for his urban and coastal scenes. Along with Mary Cassatt and John Henry Twachtman, Hassam was instrumental in promulgating Impressionism to American collectors, dealers, and museums. He produced over 3,000 paintings, oils, watercolors, etchings, and lithographs over the course of his career, and was an influential American artist of the early 20th century.
Netflix
Netflix is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service. The service primarily distributes original and acquired films and television shows from various genres. It is available internationally in multiple languages.

Launched in 2007, nearly a decade after Netflix, Inc. began its pioneering DVD-by-mail movie rental service, Netflix is the most-subscribed video on demand streaming media service, with 325 million paid memberships in more than 190 countries as of 2026. By 2022, "Netflix Original" productions accounted for half of its library in the United States and the namesake company had ventured into other categories, such as video game publishing of mobile games through its flagship service. As of 2025, Netflix is the 18th most-visited website in the world, with 21.18% of its traffic coming from the United States, followed by the United Kingdom at 6.01%, Canada at 4.94%, and Brazil at 4.24%.

A Man in Full (miniseries)
A Man in Full is an American drama miniseries starring Jeff Daniels and Diane Lane, created and written by David E. Kelley, and directed by Regina King and Thomas Schlamme. The series consists of six episodes, and premiered on Netflix on May 2, 2024. It is based on the 1998 novel of the same name by Tom Wolfe.
Phoenix Stakes
The Phoenix Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Ireland open to two-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run at the Curragh over a distance of 6 furlongs (1,207 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in August.

Norfolk Stakes (Great Britain)
The Norfolk Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old horses. It is run at Ascot over a distance of 5 furlongs (1,006 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in June.

The event was established in 1843, and it was originally called the New Stakes. The inaugural running was won by Rattan.

The race was renamed the Norfolk Stakes in 1973. It now honours the 16th Duke of Norfolk, who served as HM's Representative at Ascot from 1945 to 1972. For a period the event held Group 3 status, and it was promoted to Group 2 level in 2006.

The Norfolk Stakes is currently staged on day three of the five-day Royal Ascot meeting. It was added to the Breeders' Cup Challenge series for 2018 as a "Win and You're In" qualifier for the Breeders' Cup Juvenile Turf Sprint.
Roland SH-101
The Roland SH-101 is an analog synthesizer manufactured by the Roland Corporation between 1982 and 1986. Though it did not achieve significant commercial success, it later became a staple of electronic music in the 1990s, particularly house music.

Polyphony and monophony in instruments
Polyphony is a property of musical instruments that means that they can play multiple independent melody lines simultaneously. Instruments featuring polyphony are said to be polyphonic. Instruments that are not capable of polyphony are monophonic or paraphonic.

An intuitively understandable example for a polyphonic instrument is a (classical) piano, on which the player plays different melody lines with the left and the right hand - depending on music style and composition, these may be musically tightly interrelated or may even be totally unrelated to each other, like in parts of Jazz music. An example for monophonic instruments is a trumpet which can generate only one tone (frequency) at a time, except when played by extraordinary musicians.
Salem State University
Salem State University (Salem State or SSU) is a public university in Salem, Massachusetts, United States. Established in 1854, it is the oldest and largest institute of higher education on the North Shore and is part of the state university system in Massachusetts.

The university offers a wide range of bachelor's and master's degrees as well as post-master's certificates in more than 40 academic disciplines. It is the only member of the Massachusetts public higher education system with a graduate program in social work. As of Fall 2020, Salem State enrolled 5,716 undergraduate and 1,526 graduate, full- and part-time students, from 37 states and 48 foreign countries.

Westfield State University
Westfield State University (commonly known as Westfield State) is a public university in Westfield, Massachusetts, United States. It was founded in 1839 by Horace Mann as the first public coeducational college in America.
Bulb
In botany, a bulb is a short underground stem with fleshy leaves or leaf bases that function as food storage organs during dormancy. In gardening, plants with other kinds of storage organ are also called ornamental bulbous plants or just bulbs.

Gladiolus
Gladiolus (from Latin, the diminutive of gladius, a sword) is a genus of perennial cormous flowering plants in the iris family (Iridaceae).

It is sometimes called the 'sword lily', but is usually called by its generic name (plural gladioli).

The genus occurs in Asia, Mediterranean Europe, South Africa, and tropical Africa. The center of diversity is in the Cape Floristic Region. The genera Acidanthera, Anomalesia, Homoglossum, and Oenostachys, formerly considered distinct, are now included in Gladiolus.
Hypericum
Hypericum /ˌhaɪˈpiːrɪkəm/ is a genus of flowering plants in the family Hypericaceae (formerly considered a subfamily of Clusiaceae).  The genus has a nearly worldwide distribution, missing only from tropical lowlands, deserts and polar regions. Many Hypericum species are regarded as invasive species and noxious weeds.  All members of the genus may be referred to as St. John's wort, and some are known as goatweed. The white or pink flowered marsh St. John's worts of North America and eastern Asia are generally accepted as belonging to the separate genus Triadenum Raf.

Hypericum is unusual for a genus of its size because a worldwide taxonomic monograph was produced for it by Norman Robson (working at the Natural History Museum, London). Robson recognizes 36 sections within Hypericum.

Type species
A type species (species typica) is the species considered to be permanently taxonomically associated with the name of a genus or subgenus, and that is used to identify it and distinguish it from others. In modern times, it is normally assigned when the genus or subgenus is first named. The genus or subgenus must, by definition, always include the type species as a member if it is to retain its name.
ART Grand Prix
ART Grand Prix is a French motor racing team that competes in formula single-seaters in Europe. In 2012, it competed in the GP2 Series and GP3 Series as Lotus GP to reflect sponsorship from British sports and racing car manufacturer Lotus. The team competed as Lotus ART in 2011.

Rio Haryanto
Rio Haryanto (born 22 January 1993) is an Indonesian businessman and former racing driver who competed in 12 Formula One Grands Prix for Manor Racing in 2016. As of 2025, he is the only Formula One competitor to come from Indonesia as well as the competition's first Muslim driver.

Born and raised in Surakarta, Haryanto began his career in karting, winning multiple continental championships before progressing to junior formulae in 2008. He won his first title at the Formula BMW Pacific Championship in 2009 with Meritus.
Thurston Moore
Thurston Joseph Moore (born July 25, 1958) is an American guitarist, singer and songwriter best known as a member of the rock band Sonic Youth. He has also participated in many solo and group collaborations outside Sonic Youth, as well as running the Ecstatic Peace! record label. Moore was ranked 34th in Rolling Stone's 2004 edition of the "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time".

In 2012, Moore started a new band Chelsea Light Moving, whose eponymous debut was released on March 5, 2013. In 2015, Chelsea Light Moving disbanded after one studio album release. Moore and the other members of the band continue to make music under his solo project and other bands.

Derek Bailey (guitarist)
Derek Bailey (29 January 1930 – 25 December 2005) was an English avant-garde guitarist and an important figure in the free improvisation movement. Bailey abandoned conventional performance techniques found in jazz, exploring atonality, noise, and whatever unusual sounds he could produce with the guitar. Much of his work was released on his own label Incus Records. In addition to solo work, Bailey collaborated frequently with other musicians and recorded with collectives such as Spontaneous Music Ensemble and Company.
Minister of Fisheries (Canada)
The minister of fisheries (French: ministre des pêches) is the minister of the Crown responsible for the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO). The minister is a member of the King's Privy Council for Canada and the Canadian Cabinet.

Joanne Thompson has been the minister of fisheries since March 14, 2025. The minister is selected by the prime minister and appointed by the Crown. The title was first used in 1930, however, the role as it exists today was established in 1979 as the minister of fisheries and oceans. From 2015 to 2025, the officeholder was known as the minister of fisheries, oceans and the Canadian Coast Guard, before it was changed to the current title in 2025.

Minister of National Revenue
The minister of national revenue (French: ministre du revenu national) is the minister of the Crown responsible for the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA). The role is currently styled Minister of Finance and National Revenue (French: Ministre des Finances et du Revenu national).

François-Philippe Champagne has been Minister of National Revenue since May 13, 2025. He concurrently serves as the minister of finance.
Nuu-chah-nulth
The Nuu-chah-nulth (/nuːˈtʃɑːnʊlθ/ noo-CHAH-nuulth; Nuu-chah-nulth: Nuučaan̓ułʔatḥ [nuːt͡ʃaːnˀuɬʔatħ]), also formerly referred to as the Nootka, Nutka, Aht, Nuuchahnulth or Tahkaht, are one of the Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast in Canada. The term Nuu-chah-nulth is used to describe fifteen related tribes whose traditional home is on the west coast of Vancouver Island.

In precontact and early post-contact times, the number of tribes was much greater, but the smallpox epidemics and other consequences of contact with Europeans resulted in the disappearance of some groups and the absorption of others into neighbouring groups. The Nuu-chah-nulth are related to the Kwakwaka'wakw, the Haisla, and the Ditidaht First Nation. The Nuu-chah-nulth language belongs to the Wakashan family.

The governing body is the Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council.

Fort San Miguel
Fort San Miguel was a Spanish fortification at Yuquot (formerly Friendly Cove) on Nootka Island, just west of north-central Vancouver Island.  It protected the Spanish settlement, called Santa Cruz de Nuca, the first colony in British Columbia.
Diatreme
A diatreme, sometimes known as a maar-diatreme volcano, is a volcanic pipe associated with a gaseous explosion. When magma rises up through a crack in Earth's crust and makes contact with a shallow body of groundwater, rapid expansion of heated water vapor and volcanic gases can cause a series of explosions. A relatively shallow crater (known as a maar) is left, and a rock-filled fracture (the actual diatreme) in the crust.  Where diatremes breach the surface they produce a steep, inverted cone shape.

Northern Alberta
Northern Alberta is a geographic region located in the Canadian province of Alberta.

An informally defined cultural region, the boundaries of Northern Alberta are not fixed. Under some schemes, the region encompasses everything north of the centre of the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor, including most of the province's landmass as well as its capital, Edmonton. Other schemes place Edmonton and its surrounding farmland in Central Alberta, limiting Northern Alberta to the northern half of the province, where forestry, oil, and gas are the dominant industries.

Its primary industry is oil and gas, with large heavy oil reserves being exploited at the Athabasca oil sands and Wabasca area in the east of the region. Natural gas is extracted in Peace region and Chinchaga-Rainbow areas in the west, and forestry and logging are also developed in the boreal forests of this region. As of 2023, the region had a population of approximately 374,572.
Mytishchi
Mytishchi (Russian: Мыти́щи, IPA: [mɨˈtʲiɕːɪ]) is a city and the administrative center of Mytishchinsky District in Moscow Oblast, Russia, which lies 19 km northeast of Russia's capital Moscow on the Yauza River and the Moscow–Yaroslavl railway. The city was an important waypoint for traders on the Yauza River, the Yaroslavl Highway passes through the city. Mytishchi is famous for its aqueduct, built in 1804, the first water supply pipeline to supply the growing population of Moscow. The city has a population of approximately 262,702 people as of 2022.

Shchyolkovo
Shchyolkovo (Russian: Щёлково, IPA: [ˈɕːɵlkəvə]) is a city and the administrative center of Shchyolkovsky District in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the Klyazma River (Oka's tributary), 20 kilometers (12 mi) northeast of Moscow. Population: 134,211 (2021 census); 110,411 (2010 census); 112,865 (2002 Census); 109,255 (1989 Census); 91,000 (1977).