hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bow Street Runners
The Bow Street Runners were the law enforcement officers of the Bow Street Magistrates' Court in the City of Westminster. They have been called London's first professional police force. The force originally numbered six men and was founded in 1749 by magistrate Henry Fielding, who was also well known as an author. His assistant, brother, and successor as magistrate, John Fielding, moulded the constables into a professional and effective force. Bow Street Runners was the public's nickname for the officers although the officers did not use the term themselves and considered  it derogatory. The group was disbanded in 1839 and its personnel merged with the Metropolitan Police, which had been formed ten years earlier but the London metropolitan detective bureau trace their origins back from there.
The brothers set up
horse patrols in 1753 which made their group much more advanced.

Magistrate
The term magistrate is used in a variety of systems of governments and laws to refer to a civilian officer who administers the law. In ancient Rome, a magistratus was one of the highest ranking government officers, and possessed both judicial and executive powers. In other parts of the world, such as China, magistrate is a word applied to a person responsible for administration over a particular geographic area. Today, in some jurisdictions, a magistrate is a judicial officer who hears cases in a lower court, and typically deals with more minor or preliminary matters. In other jurisdictions (e.g., England and Wales), magistrates are typically trained volunteers appointed to deal with criminal and civil matters in their local areas.
Oblast
An oblast (/ˈɒblɑːst/ ⓘ, US also /ˈoʊblæst/) is a type of administrative division in Bulgaria and several post-Soviet states, including Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. Historically, the term was used in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is often translated into English as 'region' or 'province'. In some countries, oblasts are also known by the Russian term.

Malovishersky District
Malovishersky District (Russian: Малови́шерский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast and borders with Kirishsky District of Leningrad Oblast in the north, Lyubytinsky District in the east, Okulovsky District in the southeast, Krestetsky District in the south, Novgorodsky District in the west, and with Chudovsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 3,280.98 square kilometers (1,266.79 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Malaya Vishera. Population: 17,785 (2010 Census); 21,713 (2002 Census); 25,167 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Malaya Vishera accounts for 70.1% of the district's total population.
Oberliga Nord
The Oberliga Nord was the fourth tier of the German football league system in the north of Germany. It covered the states of Lower Saxony, Bremen, Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein. With the introduction of the 3. Liga, the league ceased to exist from 2008.

SC Concordia von 1907
SC Concordia von 1907 was a German football club from Marienthal, a quarter in the Wandsbek borough of the city of Hamburg. In 2013, the club has merged with neighbours TSV Wandsbek-Jenfeld 81' (already having used their ground for a couple of years), renaming itself Wandsbeker TSV Concordia.
MTV (Australia and New Zealand)
MTV was a 24-hour general entertainment channel specialising in music and youth culture programming which served Australia and New Zealand. Paramount Networks UK & Australia headquartered in London with a local office at Network 10's headquarters in Sydney is responsible for marketing and advertising in Australia and New Zealand. The channel was replaced by MTV Global in August 2023.

MTV (UK & Ireland)
MTV is a British and Irish pay television channel focusing on reality TV and music programming operated by Paramount Networks UK & Australia.

The channel launched as part of MTV Networks Europe localisation strategy in 1997. MTV UK (previously MTV UK & Ireland; MTV One) was launched on 1 July 1997. The channel was set up to provide audiences with local artists and more relevant music content. Prior to the localisation of MTV in Europe, the region was served by MTV Europe which was launched on 1 August 1987. Since February 2011 MTV has been solely an entertainment channel.

The channel is currently available in over 10 million homes in the UK and Ireland.
Adams County, Illinois
Adams County is the westernmost county in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 65,737. Its county seat is Quincy. Adams County is part of the Quincy, IL–MO Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Logan County, Illinois
Logan County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 27,987. Its county seat is Lincoln.

Logan County comprises the Lincoln, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Springfield-Jacksonville-Lincoln, IL Combined Statistical Area.
Prime Suspects
Prime Suspects was an American rap group from the 3rd Ward of New Orleans, Louisiana. The group was composed of Glock (also known as Gangsta T), New-9 (also known as Skinew) & Uzi (also known as E), and they were signed to Master P's No Limit Records. The group appeared on many of No Limit's releases including Master P's Ghetto D and Magic's Sky's the Limit, among others. They released their debut album in late 1998 entitled, Guilty Til Proven Innocent, but it failed to live up to the success of some of No Limit's other albums, peaking at only #36 on the Billboard 200. The group disbanded shortly after (New-9 was a part of TRU Records during 2000-2002).

Big Ed (rapper)
Edward Lee Knight (November 2, 1971 – July 8, 2001), best known by his stage name Big Ed the Assassin, often shortened to Big Ed, was an American rapper.

Knight was signed to Master P's No Limit Records in 1992 and featured on several of its releases during the 1990s, including those by Master P, C-Murder, Mac and Soulja Slim. It released his debut album, The Assassin, in 1998.

Knight left No Limit in 2000, starting his own label, Special Forces Records. He released his second album, Special Forces, on May 9, 2000. His third and final album, Edward Lee Knight 1971-2001, was released posthumously in August 2001.
Nuclear Waste Policy Act
The Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 is a United States federal law which established a comprehensive national program for the safe, permanent disposal of highly radioactive wastes.

The US Congress amended the act in 1987 to designate Yucca Mountain, Nevada, as the sole repository.

The act allowed Nevada to override this designation, which it did in April 2002.

Congress overrode Nevada's veto in July 2002.

Nevada appealed, and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia sided with Nevada in 2004.

At least one other jurisdiction (Aiken County, South Carolina in 2011) filed suit to force Yucca Mountain to accept the nuclear waste from the rest of the US.

Spent nuclear fuel
Spent nuclear fuel, occasionally called used nuclear fuel, is nuclear fuel that has been irradiated in a nuclear reactor (usually at a nuclear power plant). It is no longer useful in sustaining a nuclear reaction in an ordinary thermal reactor and, depending on its point along the nuclear fuel cycle, it will have different isotopic constituents than when it started.

Nuclear fuel rods become progressively more radioactive (and less thermally useful) due to neutron activation as they are fissioned, or "burnt", in the reactor. A fresh rod of low-enriched uranium pellets (which can be safely handled with gloved hands) will become a highly lethal gamma emitter after 1–2 years of core irradiation, unsafe to approach unless under many feet of water shielding. This makes their invariable accumulation and safe temporary storage in spent fuel pools a prime source of high-level radioactive waste and a major ongoing issue for future permanent disposal.
Ministry of National Economy and Finance (Greece)
The Ministry of National Economy and Finance  (Greek: Υπουργείο Εθνικής Οικονομίας και Οικονομικών) is the government department  responsible for overseeing Greece's public finances. The current minister is Kyriakos Pierrakakis, a member of the Hellenic Parliament representing the Athens A constituency for the New Democracy party.

The ministry was established in August 2023 through a renaming and reorganization of the former Ministry of Finance under the Mitsotakis government. The restructured ministry now incorporates entities previously managed by the Ministry of Development.

Eurogroup
The Eurogroup is the recognised collective term for the informal meetings of the finance ministers of the eurozone—those member states of the European Union (EU) which have adopted the euro as their official currency. The group has 21 members. It exercises political control over the currency and related aspects of the EU's monetary union such as the Stability and Growth Pact.

The ministers meet in camera a day before a meeting of the Economic and Financial Affairs Council (ECOFIN) of the Council of the European Union. They communicate their decisions via press and document releases. The group is related to the Council of the European Union (only Eurogroup member states vote on issues relating to the euro in the ECOFIN) and was formalised under the Treaty of Lisbon.
HMS Sirius (1797)
HMS Sirius was a 36-gun fifth-rate frigate of the Royal Navy. Between 1797 and 1805, the Sirius was engaged in maintaining the blockade of Napoleonic Europe. She was lost in 1810 when her crew scuttled her after she grounded during the Battle of Grand Port.

HMS Iphigenia (1808)
HMS Iphigenia was a Royal Navy 36-gun Perseverance-class fifth-rate frigate. She was built at Chatham Dockyard by Master Shipwright Robert Seppings.

The French captured her at the debacle of Grand Port and in their service she participated in the capture of several British vessels. The British recaptured her and she served in the West Africa squadron (or "Preventative Squadron"), combating the slave trade. She was broken up in 1851 after serving for many years as a training ship.
U.S. Route 75 in Texas
U.S. Highway 75 (US 75) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that travels from I-345 in Dallas, Texas northward to the Canadian border in Noyes, Minnesota. In the state of Texas it runs from I-345 in Dallas and heads north to the Oklahoma state line, a distance of about 75.3 miles (121.2 km).

DART rail
Dallas Area Rapid Transit operates light rail and hybrid rail in the Dallas metropolitan area. The agency's rail system consists of four light rail lines (Red, Blue, Green, and Orange) and one hybrid rail line (Silver), which together span 73 stations across 119 miles (191.5 km) of track.

In 2025, the four light rail lines had a ridership of 22,237,700, or about 64,000 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025. DART's light rail lines have the 7th highest ridership of light rail systems in the United States.  However, the system was also one of the country's worst financial performers.
East Azerbaijan province
East Azerbaijan Province (Persian: استان آذربایجان شرقی) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Tabriz.

The province borders Armenia, the Republic of Azerbaijan, Ardabil province, West Azerbaijan province, and Zanjan province. East Azerbaijan is in Region 3 of Iran, with its secretariat located in Tabriz.

Mamqan
Mamqan (Persian: ممقان) is a city in, and the capital of, Mamqan District in Azarshahr County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran. The previous capital of the district was the city of Azarshahr. Mamqan also serves as the administrative center for Shahrak Rural District. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Khanamir. Mamqan is the world's largest producer of chickpeas.
HMAS Success (OR 304)
HMAS Success (OR 304) was a Durance-class multi-product replenishment oiler that previously served in the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Built by Cockatoo Docks & Engineering Company in Sydney, Australia, during the 1980s, she is the only ship of the class to be constructed outside France, and the only one to not originally serve in the Marine Nationale (French Navy). The ship was part of the Australian contribution to the 1991 Gulf War, and was deployed to East Timor in response to incidents in 1999 and 2006. The ship was fitted with a double hull during the first half of 2011, to meet International Maritime Organization standards.

Success was decommissioned at Fleet Base East on 29 June 2019, after 33 years of service, and towed to Port Pirie for scrapping in August 2019.

HMAS Anzac (FFH 150)
HMAS Anzac (FFH 150) was the lead ship of the Anzac-class frigates in use with the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) and the Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN). Entering Australian service in 1996, the frigate operated as part of the INTERFET peacekeeping taskforce in 1999. In 2003, she was involved in the Battle of Al Faw, and became the first RAN ship to fire in anger since the Vietnam War.

In February 2024 it was announced by the Australian Government that HMAS Anzac would not sail again and be the first ship of her class to be decommissioned in the near future, followed by her sister ship Arunta in 2026. HMAS Anzac was decommissioned on 18 May 2024 after 28 years of service.
Planigale
The genus Planigale are small carnivorous marsupials found in Australia and New Guinea. It is the only genus in the tribe Planigalini of the subfamily Sminthopsinae. The genus has long been known to contain several cryptic species. Of the five Planigale species currently recognized, two (P. ingrami and P. maculata) are known species complexes.

The seven species currently recognized are:

Paucident planigale, Planigale gilesi

Long-tailed planigale, Planigale ingrami

Orange-headed Pilbara planigale, Planigale kendricki

Common planigale, Planigale maculata

New Guinean planigale, Planigale novaeguineae

Cracking-clay Pilbara planigale, Planigale tealei

Narrow-nosed planigale, Planigale tenuirostris

Broad-striped dasyure
The broad-striped dasyure (Murexia rothschildi) is a species of marsupial in the family Dasyuridae. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests.

Some authorities place it in the monotypic genus Paramurexia.
Mannheim school
Mannheim school refers to both the orchestral techniques pioneered by the court orchestra of the Elector Palatine in Mannheim in the latter half of the 18th century and the group of composers of the early classical period, who composed for the orchestra of Mannheim. The father of the school is considered to be the Bohemian composer Johann Stamitz. Besides him, two generations of composers wrote compositions for the orchestra, whose reputation was due to its excellent discipline and the individual skill of its players; the English traveler Charles Burney called it "an army of generals". Their performance style included new dynamic elements, crescendos and diminuendos. Composers of the Mannheim school played an important role in the development of the classical period's genres and of the classical symphony form.

Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria
Charles Theodore (German: Karl Theodor; 11 December 1724 – 16 February 1799) was a German nobleman of the Sulzbach branch of the House of Wittelsbach. He became Count Palatine of Sulzbach at the age of six following the death of his father Johann Christian in 1733. With the death of his cousin, Charles III Philip, he became Prince-elector and Count Palatine of the Rhine in 1742, being eighteen. In his fifties, he became Prince-Elector of Bavaria at the death of another cousin, Maximilian III Joseph, in 1777.
Codec
A codec is a computer hardware or software component that encodes or decodes a data stream or signal. Codec is a portmanteau of coder/decoder.

In electronic communications, an endec is a device that acts as both an encoder and a decoder on a signal or data stream, and hence is a type of codec. Endec is a portmanteau of encoder/decoder.

A coder or encoder encodes a data stream or a signal for transmission or storage, possibly in encrypted form, and the decoder function reverses the encoding for playback or editing. Codecs are used in videoconferencing, streaming media, and video editing applications.

WAV
Waveform Audio File Format (WAVE, or WAV due to its filename extension; pronounced /wæv/ or /weɪv/ ) is an audio file format standard for storing an audio bitstream on personal computers. The format was developed and published for the first time in 1991 by IBM and Microsoft. It is the main format used on Microsoft Windows systems for uncompressed audio. The usual bitstream encoding is the linear pulse-code modulation (LPCM) format.

WAV is an application of the Resource Interchange File Format (RIFF) bitstream format method for storing data in chunks, and thus is similar to the 8SVX and the Audio Interchange File Format (AIFF) format used on Amiga and Macintosh computers, respectively.
2000 Chinese census
The 2000 Chinese census, officially the Fifth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (Chinese: 中华人民共和国第五次全国人口普查), was conducted by the government of the People's Republic of China with 1 November 2000 as its zero hour. The total population was calculated as 1,295,330,000. The census also covered population growth, number of households, sex, age, ethnicity, educational attainment, and urban and rural population.

The census did not include the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.

2020 Chinese census
The Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (Chinese: 第七次全国人口普查; pinyin: Dì Qī Cì Quánguó Rénkǒu Pǔchá), also referred to as the 2020 Chinese Census, was the seventh national census conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. Census work began on November 1, 2020, and continued through December 10, 2020, involving seven million census workers.

The 2020 Chinese census covers all Chinese citizens living in mainland China, as well as those living abroad on temporary visas. Foreigners who live in the mainland for more than six months are also recorded in the data.

The preliminary results were released on May 11, 2021, with a news conference being held on the same day. The release was originally planned to be in early April, but was delayed by a month.
Banksia oreophila
Banksia oreophila, commonly known as the western mountain banksia or mountain banksia, is a species of shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has glabrous stems, wedge-shaped or narrow egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, cylindrical spikes of pale pink to mauve flowers and later, up to twenty follicles in each spike, surrounded by the remains of the flowers. It occurs on slopes and hilltops in the Stirling and Barren Ranges.

Banksia ser. Spicigerae
Banksia ser. Spicigerae is a taxonomic series in the genus Banksia. It consists of the seven species in section Oncostylis that have cylindrical inflorescences. These range in form from small shrubs to tall trees. The leaves grow in either an alternate or whorled pattern, with various shape forms. The Spicigerae inflorescence is held erect, subtended by a whorl of branchlets, and retains a regular pattern until anthesis. The perianth limb is horizontal until anthesis, at which point the perianth opens from underneath. The pollen-presenter is ovoid or conical. The seed wings are not notched.
Namadgi National Park
Namadgi National Park is a protected area in the southwest of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), bordering Kosciuszko National Park in New South Wales. It lies approximately 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Canberra, and occupies approximately 46 percent of the ACT's land area.

Created in 1984, the park is on the Australian National Heritage List. It suffered badly in the 2019–20 Australian bushfire season, with around 80% of its vegetation burnt.

Alpine National Park
The Alpine National Park is a national park located in the Central Highlands and Alpine regions of Victoria, Australia. The 646,000-hectare (1,600,000-acre) national park is located northeast of Melbourne. It is the largest National Park in Victoria, and covers much of the higher areas of the Great Dividing Range in Victoria, including Victoria's highest point, Mount Bogong at 1,986 metres (6,516 ft) and the associated subalpine woodland and grassland of the Bogong High Plains. The park's north-eastern boundary is along the border with New South Wales, where it abuts the Kosciuszko National Park. On 7 November 2008 the Alpine National Park was added to the Australian National Heritage List as one of eleven areas constituting the Australian Alps National Parks and Reserves.
Greater Caucasus
The Greater Caucasus is the major mountain range of the Caucasus Mountains. It stretches for about 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) from west-northwest to east-southeast, from the Taman Peninsula of the Black Sea to the Absheron Peninsula of the Caspian Sea: from the Western Caucasus in the vicinity of Sochi on the northeastern shore of the Black Sea and reaching nearly to Baku on the Caspian.

Mtskheta-Mtianeti
Mtskheta-Mtianeti (Georgian: მცხეთა-მთიანეთი, IPA: [mt͡sʰχetʰa‿mtʰianetʰi]) is a region (mkhare) in eastern Georgia comprising the town of Mtskheta, which serves as a regional capital, together with its district and the adjoining mountainous areas. The western part of the region, namely the entire Akhalgori Municipality, is controlled by breakaway South Ossetia since the 2008 Russo-Georgian War.
Agonist
An agonist is a chemical that activates a receptor to produce a biological response. Receptors are cellular proteins whose activation causes the cell to modify what it is currently doing. In contrast, an antagonist blocks the action of the agonist, while an inverse agonist causes an action opposite to that of the agonist.

Piperazine
Piperazine (/paɪˈpɛrəziːn/) is an organic compound with the formula (CH2CH2NH)2. In terms of its structure, it can be described as cyclohexane with the 1- and 4-CH2 groups replaced by NH. Piperazine exists as a deliquescent solid with a saline taste. Piperazine is freely soluble in water and ethylene glycol, but poorly soluble in diethyl ether.  Piperazine is commonly available industrially as the hexahydrate, (CH2CH2NH)2·6H2O, which melts at 44 °C and boils at 125–130 °C.

Substituted derivatives of piperazine are a broad class of chemical compounds. Many piperazines have useful pharmacological properties, with prominent examples including sildenafil, ciprofloxacin, and ziprasidone.