hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jewish studies
Jewish studies (Hebrew: מדעי היהדות, romanized: madʿê ha-yahadut, lit. 'sciences of Judaism'), or Judaic studies, is an academic discipline centered on the study of Jews and Judaism. Jewish studies is interdisciplinary and combines aspects of history (especially Jewish history), Middle Eastern studies, Asian studies, Oriental studies, religious studies, archeology, sociology, languages (Jewish languages), political science, area studies, women's studies, and ethnic studies. Jewish studies as a distinct field is mainly present at colleges and universities in North America.

Related fields include Holocaust research and Israel studies, and in Israel, Jewish thought. Bar-Ilan University has the world's largest school of Jewish studies, while Harvard University was the first American university, and perhaps the first in the world, to appoint a full-time scholar of Judaica to its faculty.

Doctor of Philosophy
A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, DPhil; Latin: philosophiae doctor or doctor in philosophia) is a terminal degree that usually denotes the highest level of academic achievement in a given discipline and is awarded following a course of graduate study and original research. The name of the degree is most often abbreviated PhD (or, at times, as Ph.D. in North America) and is pronounced as three separate letters (/ˌpiːeɪtʃˈdiː/ PEE-aych-DEE). The University of Oxford uses the alternative abbreviation "DPhil".

PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. Since it is an earned research degree, those studying for a PhD are required to produce original research that expands the boundaries of knowledge, normally in the form of a dissertation, and, in some cases, defend their work before a panel of other experts in the field. In many fields, the completion of a PhD is typically required for employment as a university professor, researcher, or scientist.
Kris Tamulis
Kris Tamulis (born December 29, 1980) is an American professional golfer.

Tamulis was born in Lapeer, Michigan. She played college golf at Florida State University where she won two events. She turned professional in 2003.

Tamulis played on the Futures Tour in 2004 and 2005, finishing in second place three times. She has played on the LPGA Tour since 2005.

Tamulis won her first LPGA Tour event at the 2015 Yokohama Tire LPGA Classic after 11 years and 186 LPGA Tour starts.

Sarah Jane Smith (golfer)
Sarah Jane Smith (née Kenyon) (born 8 July 1984) is an Australian professional golfer and LPGA Tour player. She led the 2018 U.S. Women's Open at the halfway point and finished fifth, and was runner-up at the 2014 Kingsmill Championship and the 2016 Lorena Ochoa Invitational.
Slovak First Football League
The Slovak First Football League (Slovak: 1. slovenská futbalová liga), officially known as Niké liga for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league in Slovakia and the highest level of the Slovak football league system. It was formed in 1993 following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia. The record for most titles is fifteen, held by Slovan Bratislava, who are the current title holders.

2024–25 Slovak First Football League
The 2024–25 Slovak First Football League (known as Niké liga for sponsorship reasons) was the 32nd season of first-tier football league in Slovakia since its establishment in 1993.

Slovan Bratislava is the six-time defending champion.
Ladies European Tour
The Ladies European Tour is a professional golf tour for women which was founded in 1978. Most of the players on the tour are European, with members from more than 40 countries internationally. Despite its name, the tour also has tournaments in Africa, Asia, North America and Oceania.

The organization is based at Buckinghamshire Golf Club near London in England. Like many British-based sports organisations it is a company limited by guarantee, a legal structure which enables it to focus on maximising returns to its members through prize money, rather than on making profits for investors. The tour is run by a board of directors and a Players' Council.

Ladies Asian Golf Tour
The Ladies Asian Tour is a women's professional golf tour established in 2022 and successor to the Ladies Asia Golf Circuit which ran 1983–2004 and the Ladies Asian Golf Tour which ran 2005–2021. The successive tours have been sanctioned by the Asia-Pacific Golf Confederation since its inception as an official Asian ladies' tour.
Burlington Township, New Jersey
Burlington Township is a township in Burlington County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is a suburb of Philadelphia and is part of the South Jersey region of the state. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 23,983, its highest decennial count ever and an increase of 1,389 (+6.1%) from the 2010 census count of 22,594, which in turn reflected an increase of 2,300 (+11.3%) from the 20,294 counted in the 2000 census.  The township, and all of Burlington County, is a part of the Philadelphia-Reading-Camden combined statistical area and the Delaware Valley.

Carol A. Murphy
Carol A. Murphy (born 1962 or 1963) is an American politician of the Democratic Party, who has served in the New Jersey General Assembly since January 9, 2018.

Murphy served in the General Assembly as the Deputy Majority Leader from 2020 to 2021 and has been the Majority Whip since 2022.
Ultraseven
Ultraseven (ウルトラセブン, Urutora Sebun) is a Japanese tokusatsu science fiction television series created by Eiji Tsuburaya. It is the second entry (third overall) in the Ultra Series and was produced by Tsuburaya Productions. The series aired on Tokyo Broadcasting System from October 1, 1967 to September 8, 1968.

Ultraman Leo
Ultraman Leo (ウルトラマンレオ, Urutoraman Reo) is a Japanese tokusatsu television show and the sixth Ultraman show (or the seventh if Ultra Q is included) in the Ultra Series. Produced by Tsuburaya Productions, Ultraman Leo was aired between April 12, 1974, and March 28, 1975, with a total of 51 episodes. Tatsumi Nikamoto was the in-suit actor of the main character, Ultraman Leo.
2008 Speedway Under-21 World Championship
The 2008 Individual Speedway Junior World Championship was the 32nd edition of the World motorcycle speedway Under-21 Championships.

The title was won by Emil Sajfutdinov from Russia and was the first rider to win the title twice.

2009 Speedway Under-21 World Championship
The 2009 Individual Speedway Junior World Championship was the 33rd edition of the FIM World motorcycle speedway Under-21 Championships.

The final took place on 4 October 2009, at the Matija Gubec Stadium, in Goričan, Croatia. It was first final to be held in the Balkans and the Championship was won by Australian rider Darcy Ward.
Derry
Derry, officially Londonderry, is the second-largest city in Northern Ireland. Located in County Londonderry, the city now covers both banks of the River Foyle. Cityside and the old walled city being on the west bank and Waterside on the east, with two road bridges and one footbridge crossing the river in-between.

The population of the city was 85,279 in the 2021 census, while the Derry Urban Area had a population of 105,066 in 2011. The district administered by Derry City and Strabane District Council contains both Londonderry Port and City of Derry Airport. Derry is close to the border with County Donegal, with which it has had a close link for many centuries. The person traditionally seen as the founder of the original Derry is Saint Colmcille, a holy man from Tír Chonaill, the old name for almost all of modern County Donegal, of which the west bank of the Foyle was a part before 1610.

In 2013, Derry was the inaugural UK City of Culture, having been awarded the title in 2010.

County Tyrone
County Tyrone (/tɪˈroʊn/; from Irish Tír Eoghain, meaning 'land of Eoghan' [tʲiːɾʲ ˈoːnʲ]) is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland, one of the nine counties of Ulster and one of the thirty-two traditional counties of Ireland. Its county town is Omagh.

Adjoined to the south-west shore of Lough Neagh, the county covers an area of 1,261 square miles (3,266 km2), making it the largest of Northern Ireland's six counties by size, and the second largest county in Ulster after Donegal. With a population of 188,383 as of the 2021 census, Tyrone is the 5th most populous county in both Northern Ireland and Ulster, and the 11th most populous county on the island of Ireland. The county derives its name and general geographic location from Tír Eoghain, a Gaelic kingdom under the O'Neill dynasty which existed until the 17th century.
Deportivo Morón
Club Deportivo Morón is an Argentine sports club located in the city of Morón, Buenos Aires. Deportivo Morón's football team currently plays in Primera B Nacional, the second division of the Argentine football league system.

The club was founded in 1947 under the name "Club Sportivo Morón". Three years later the club joined the AFA and began playing in "Tercera de Ascenso", (now Primera C Metropolitana). In 1952, the club changed its name to "Club Deportivo Morón", which has remained since.

Apart from football, other sports hosted in Deportivo Morón are artistic gymnastics, basketball, handball, martial arts, roller skating, swimming, volleyball, and yoga.

Club Atlético Temperley
Club Atlético Temperley is an Argentine sports club from the city of Temperley in Greater Buenos Aires. The club is mostly known for its football team, which currently plays in the Primera Nacional, the second division of the Argentine football league system.

Apart from football, Temperley hosts various sports, such as athletics, basque pelota, basketball, boxing, futsal, field hockey, judo, roller skating, swimming, taekwondo and tennis.
Glossary of chess
This glossary of chess explains commonly used terms in chess, in alphabetical order. Some of these terms have their own pages, like fork and pin.

For a list of:

unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece;

terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems;

named opening lines, see List of chess openings;

chess-related games, see List of chess variants;

terms general to board games, see Glossary of board games.

French Defence
The French Defence is a chess opening characterised by the moves:

1. e4 e6

This is most commonly followed by 2.d4 d5. Black usually plays ...c5 soon after, attacking White's pawn centre and gaining space on the queenside. The French has a reputation for solidity and resilience, although some lines such as the Winawer Variation can lead to sharp complications. Black's position is often somewhat cramped in the early game; in particular, the pawn on e6 can impede the development of the bishop on c8, known by many players as the French bishop.
Lipjan
Lipjan (Albanian definite form: Lipjani) or Lipljan  (Serbian Cyrillic: Липљан) is a city and municipality located in the District of Pristina in Kosovo. According to 2024 census, the municipality had 55,044 inhabitants, of whom 13,092 lived in the urban area.

Suva Reka
Suva Reka (Serbian Cyrillic: Сува Река) or Suharekë (Albanian definite form: Suhareka) or Therandë (Albanian definite form: Theranda)  is a town and municipality located in the Prizren district of central-southern Kosovo. According to the 2011 census, the town has 10,422 inhabitants, while the municipality has 59,722 inhabitants mostly Kosovo Albanians.

Suva Reka is located 18 km (11 mi) from the city of Prizren, and 57 km (35 mi) from Kosovo's capital, Pristina.
Unison (trade union)
Unison (stylised as UNISON) is the largest trade union in the United Kingdom, with over 1.3 million members who work predominantly in public services, including local government, education, health and outsourced services.

The union was formed in 1993 when three public sector trade unions, the National and Local Government Officers Association (NALGO), the National Union of Public Employees (NUPE) and the Confederation of Health Service Employees (COHSE) merged. Since 2021, UNISON's general secretary has been Christina McAnea. In December 2025, Andrea Egan was elected General Secretary and will take up the post on 21 January 2026. Egan is a member of the union's broad left faction, Time for Real Change.

Union of Construction, Allied Trades and Technicians
The Union of Construction, Allied Trades and Technicians (UCATT) was a British and Irish trade union, operating in the construction industry.  It was founded in 1971, and merged into Unite on 1 January 2017.

It was affiliated to the Trades Union Congress and the Labour Party, as well as to the Building and Wood Workers' International and the EFBWW, European Federation of Building and Wood Workers.
The New England Journal of Medicine
The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) is a weekly medical journal published by the Massachusetts Medical Society. Founded in 1812, the journal is among the most prestigious peer-reviewed medical journals. Its 2024 impact factor was 78.5, ranking it 2nd out of 168 journals in the category "Medicine, General & Internal".

PubMed
PubMed is an openly accessible, free database which includes primarily the MEDLINE database of references and abstracts on life sciences and biomedical topics. The United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health maintains the database as part of the Entrez system of information retrieval.

From 1971 to 1997, online access to the MEDLINE database was provided via computer, using phone lines primarily through institutional facilities, such as university libraries. PubMed, first released in January 1996, ushered in the era of private, free, home- and office-based MEDLINE searching. It was released alongside "Internet Grateful Med" (web-version of Grateful Med). In 2001 Grateful Med was deleted and entirely replaced by PubMed. The PubMed system was offered free to the public starting in June 1997.
Ultramafic rock
Ultramafic rocks (also referred to as ultrabasic rocks, although the terms are not wholly equivalent) are igneous and meta-igneous rocks with a very low silica content (less than 45%), generally >18% MgO, high FeO, low potassium, and are usually composed of greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron content). Earth's mantle is composed of ultramafic rocks. Ultrabasic is a more inclusive term that includes igneous rocks with low silica content that may not be extremely enriched in Fe and Mg, such as carbonatites and ultrapotassic igneous rocks.

Upper mantle
The upper mantle of Earth is a very thick layer of rock inside the planet, which begins just beneath the crust (at about 10 km (6.2 mi) under the oceans, and about 35 km (22 mi) under the continents) and ends at the top of the lower mantle, at about 670 km (420 mi). Temperatures range from around 900 K (627 °C; 1,160 °F) at the upper boundary with the crust to around 1,200 K (930 °C; 1,700 °F) at the boundary with the lower mantle. Upper mantle material that has come up onto the surface comprises about 55% olivine, 35% pyroxene, and 5–10% of calcium oxide and aluminum oxide minerals such as plagioclase, spinel, or garnet, depending on depth.
2010 Russian census
The 2010 Russian census (Russian: Всеросси́йская пе́репись населе́ния 2010 го́да) was the second census of the Russian Federation population after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Preparations for the census began in 2007 and it took place between October 14 and October 25.

Belgorodsky District
Belgorodsky District (Russian: Белгоро́дский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Belgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Belgorodsky Municipal District. It is located in the southwest of the oblast, on the border with Ukraine.  The area of the district is 1,472 square kilometers (568 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a settlement) of Maysky. Population: 191,744 (2021 Census); 108,778 (2010 Census); 90,430 (2002 Census); 68,870 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Maysky accounts for 7.4% of the district's total population.
Space: 1999
Space: 1999 is a British science fiction television programme that ran for two series from 1975 to 1977. It was first telecast on Australia's Channel 7 Melbourne, starting on 28 July 1975. The programme, set in the year 1999, follows the 311 inhabitants of Moonbase Alpha, which is hurtling uncontrollably into space due to an explosion of nuclear waste stored on the Moon's far side.

Space: 1999 was the final production by the partnership of Gerry and Sylvia Anderson and was, at the time, the most expensive series produced for British television, with a combined £6.8 million budget. The first series was co-produced by ITC Entertainment and Italian broadcaster RAI, while the second was produced solely by ITC.

Z-Cars
Z-Cars or Z Cars (pronounced "zed cars") is a British television police procedural series centred on the work of mobile uniformed police and CID detectives in the fictional town of Newtown, based on Kirkby, near Liverpool. Produced by the BBC, it debuted in January 1962 and ran until September 1978.

Z-Cars ran for 801 episodes, of which fewer than half have survived. Regular stars included Stratford Johns (Detective Inspector Barlow), Frank Windsor (Det. Sgt. Watt), James Ellis (Bert Lynch), and Brian Blessed ("Fancy" Smith). Barlow and Watt were later spun into a separate series Softly, Softly.
Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney
Cornelius "Sonny" Vanderbilt Whitney (February 20, 1899 – December 13, 1992) was an American businessman, film producer, government official, writer and philanthropist. He was also a polo player who  owned a stable of Thoroughbred racehorses.

Marie Norton Harriman
Marie Harriman (née Norton, formerly Whitney; April 12, 1903 – September 26, 1970) was an American art collector and First Lady of New York from 1955 to 1958. She was the second wife of former New York Governor and diplomat Averell Harriman.  Harriman operated a prominent New York City art gallery for more than a decade.
Netflix
Netflix is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service. The service primarily distributes original and acquired films and television shows from various genres. It is available internationally in multiple languages.

Launched in 2007, nearly a decade after Netflix, Inc. began its pioneering DVD-by-mail movie rental service, Netflix is the most-subscribed video on demand streaming media service, with 325 million paid memberships in more than 190 countries as of 2026. By 2022, "Netflix Original" productions accounted for half of its library in the United States and the namesake company had ventured into other categories, such as video game publishing of mobile games through its flagship service. As of 2025, Netflix is the 18th most-visited website in the world, with 21.18% of its traffic coming from the United States, followed by the United Kingdom at 6.01%, Canada at 4.94%, and Brazil at 4.24%.

Song Kang
Song Kang (Korean: 송강; born April 23, 1994) is a South Korean actor. He is known for starring in the dramas Love Alarm (2019–2021), Sweet Home (2020–2024), Nevertheless (2021), Forecasting Love and Weather (2022), and My Demon (2023–2024). He has been called the "Son of Netflix" because the majority of the series he has starred in were streamed on the platform.
Sense and Sensibility
Sense and Sensibility (working title: Elinor and Marianne) is the first published novel by the English author Jane Austen, appearing in 1811. It was published anonymously: By A Lady appears on the title page where the author's name might have been.

The novel is probably set between 1792 and 1797 and follows the three Dashwood sisters and their widowed mother as they are forced to leave the family estate in Sussex and move to a modest cottage on the property of a distant relative in Devon. There the two eldest girls experience love and heartbreak that tries the contrasting characters of both.

Helen Edmundson
Helen Edmundson FRSL (born 1964) is a British playwright, screenwriter and producer. She is known for her plays and film and television dramas which distill historical complexities through her characters, for which she has won critical acclaim and awards including multiple UK Theatre Awards and the 2015 Windham-Campbell Literature Prize for Drama.

Edmundson's plays include Anna Karenina (1992), The Clearing (1993), The Mill on the Floss (1994), Coram Boy (2006), Zorro (2008), The Heresy of Love (2012), Queen Anne (2015) and Small Island (2019).

She has written television dramas including An Inspector Calls (2015), Dalgliesh (2021-present) and Belgravia: The Next Chapter (2024), also executive producing and showrunning the latter two.
Prisoner of war
A prisoner of war (POW) is a person held captive by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict. The earliest recorded usage of the phrase "prisoner of war" dates back to 1610.

Belligerents hold prisoners of war for a range of reasons. These may include isolating them from enemy combatants still in the field (releasing and repatriating them in an orderly manner after hostilities), demonstrating military victory, punishment, prosecution of war crimes, labour exploitation, recruiting or even conscripting them as combatants, extracting or collecting military and political intelligence, and political or religious indoctrination.

Stalag
In  Germany, the term Stalag (/ˈstælæɡ/; German: [ˈʃtalak]) designated a prisoner-of-war camp. German: Stalag is a contraction of Stammlager, itself short for Kriegsgefangenen-Mannschaftsstammlager, literally "main camp for enlisted prisoners of war" (captured officers were kept in an Oflag).
Therefore, Stalag literally means "main camp".
Cibao
The Cibao (Spanish pronunciation: [siˈβa.o] sib-OW), usually referred as El Cibao, is a cultural and administrative region of the Dominican Republic located in the northern part of the country. As of 2017, the Cibao region has a population of 
3,450,875 million, making it the second most populous region in the country.

The region has its own cultural identity, it forms a "macroregion of development"; with a large industrial base and high levels of progress among its inhabitants, it has high levels of education and the highest quality of life among the three main regions of the Dominican Republic. The Cibao is characterized socioculturally by the overwhelming predominance of the European legacy, (predominantly Spanish and French) and economically by being the most prosperous region of the country.

Dominican Restoration War
The Dominican Restoration War or the Dominican War of Restoration (Spanish: Guerra de la Restauración),  called War of Santo Domingo in Spain (Guerra de Santo Domingo), was a guerrilla war between 1863 and 1865 in the Dominican Republic between Dominican nationalists and Spain, the latter of which had recolonized the country 17 years after its independence. It ended with the withdrawal of Spanish forces from the island.

The war began with Dominican forces crossing the border from Haiti and pushing through enemy positions in the north and central regions. After setting up a government in Santiago, they expanded guerrilla operations in the south and east. Both sides sought to take the other's key city: Dominicans aimed for Santo Domingo, Spaniards for Santiago, but control remained contested until the Spanish withdrew.