hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Inverted sugar syrup
Inverted sugar syrup is a syrup mixture of the monosaccharides glucose and fructose, made by splitting the disaccharide sucrose. This mixture's optical rotation is opposite to that of the original sugar, which is why it is called an invert sugar. Splitting is completed through hydrolytic saccharification.

It is 30% sweeter than table sugar, and foods that contain invert sugar retain moisture better and crystallize less easily than those that use table sugar instead. Bakers, who call it invert syrup, may use it more than other sweeteners.

Other names include invert sugar, simple syrup, sugar syrup, sugar water, bar syrup, and sucrose inversion.

Brown sugar
Brown sugar is a sucrose sugar product with a distinctive brown color due to the presence of molasses. It is either an unrefined or partially refined soft sugar consisting of sugar crystals with some residual molasses content, or produced by the addition of molasses to refined white sugar. Brown sugar is 98% carbohydrates (95% as sucrose), containing no dietary fiber or fat, and negligible protein and micronutrient content.
First Portuguese Republic
The First Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: Primeira República Portuguesa; officially: República Portuguesa, Portuguese Republic) spans a complex 16-year period in the history of Portugal, between the end of the period of constitutional monarchy marked by the 5 October 1910 revolution and the 28 May 1926 coup d'état. The latter movement instituted a military dictatorship known as Ditadura Nacional (national dictatorship) that would be followed by the corporatist Estado Novo (new state) regime of António de Oliveira Salazar.

The sixteen years of the First Republic saw eight presidents and 45 ministries, and were altogether more of a transition between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Estado Novo than they were a coherent period of governance.

Teófilo Braga
Joaquim Teófilo Fernandes Braga (24 February 1843 – 28 January 1924) was the president of Portugal, serving in 1915. A Portuguese writer, playwright, politician he became the leader of the Republican Provisional Government after the overthrow of King Manuel II, having become president after the resignation of President Manuel de Arriaga.
Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council
Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council, or Sandwell Council, is the local authority of the Metropolitan Borough of Sandwell in the West Midlands, England. It is a metropolitan borough council and provides the majority of local government services in the borough. The council has been a member of the West Midlands Combined Authority since 2016.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 1979. It is based at the Council House in Oldbury.

Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council
Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council, also known as Dudley Council, is the local authority for the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley in the West Midlands, England. The town of Dudley had been a borough since the thirteenth century, being reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council. It provides the majority of local government services in the borough. The council has been a member of the West Midlands Combined Authority since 2016.

The council has been under no overall control since the 2024 election, with the leader of the council being a Conservative. It is based at Dudley Council House.
Tim D. White
Tim D. White (born August 24, 1950) is an American paleoanthropologist and Professor of Integrative Biology at the University of California, Berkeley. He is best known for leading the team which discovered Ardi, the type specimen of Ardipithecus ramidus, a 4.4 million-year-old likely human ancestor. Prior to that discovery, his early career was notable for his work on Lucy as Australopithecus afarensis with discoverer Donald Johanson.

Yohannes Haile-Selassie
Yohannes Haile-Selassie Ambaye (born 23 February 1961) is an Ethiopian paleoanthropologist. An authority on pre-Homo sapiens hominids, he particularly focuses his attention on the East African Rift and Middle Awash valleys.
He was curator of Physical Anthropology at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History from 2002 until 2021, and now is serving as the director of the Arizona State University Institute of Human Origins. Since founding the institute in 1981, he has been the third director after Donald Johanson and William Kimbel.
Osthe
Osthe (Tamil pronunciation: [ost̪i] transl. Pinnacle) is a 2011 Indian Tamil-language action comedy film directed and co-written by Dharani. A remake of the 2010 Hindi film Dabangg, it stars Silambarasan, Richa Gangopadhyay, Santhanam, Jithan Ramesh and Sonu Sood. The film follows a police officer, Osthe Velan and his troubled relationship with his stepfather and half-brother. He seeks to take down a corrupt politician, who exploits the hostility between Velan and his stepfamily for his personal gain.

Produced by Balaji Real Media, the film began production in June 2011 and ended that November. It was shot mainly in Mysore, with sporadic schedules in Chennai. The music was composed by Thaman S, with cinematography by Gopinath and editing by V. T. Vijayan. The film was released in theatres on 8 December 2011.

Vaalu
Vaalu (transl. Tail/Mischief Maker) is a 2015 Indian Tamil-language  romantic action comedy film written and directed by debutante Vijay Chandar. The film stars Silambarasan and Hansika Motwani, with Santhanam, VTV Ganesh and Brahmanandam portraying supporting roles. The film was produced by S. S. Chakravarthy under the banner NIC Arts. S. Thaman composed the music while Sakthi and T. S. Suresh handled the cinematography and editing respectively.

The film's production began on 6 June 2012 in Chennai and lasted until June 2015. The film was predominantly shot in Chennai, with the portions of the film also shot at Hyderabad, Bangalore and Bangkok. After facing multiple delays, the film was released worldwide on 14 August 2015. The film is loosely adapted into the 2016 Kannada film Santhu Straight Forward.
Gilbert's dunnart
Gilbert's dunnart (Sminthopsis gilberti) is a dunnart, described in 1984. The length from snout to tail being 15.5–18 cm (6.1–7.1 in) of which the head and body are 8–9 cm (3.1–3.5 in) and the tail 7.5–9 cm (3.0–3.5 in). The hind foot size is 18 mm (0.71 in), the ear length is 21 mm (0.83 in) and with the weight is 14–25 g (0.49–0.88 oz).

Sandhill dunnart
The sandhill dunnart (Sminthopsis psammophila) is a species of carnivorous Australian marsupial of the family Dasyuridae. It is known from four scattered semi-arid areas of Australia: near Lake Amadeus in Northern Territory, the central and eastern Eyre Peninsula in South Australia, the southwestern and western edges of the Great Victoria Desert in Western Australia, and at Yellabinna in South Australia.
William Zabka
William Michael Zabka (/ˈzæbkə/; born October 20, 1965) is an American actor. He is best known for his role of Johnny Lawrence in The Karate Kid (1984), The Karate Kid Part II (1986), and the TV series Cobra Kai (2018–2025).

Zabka's career took off with The Karate Kid, despite having no prior karate training. During the 1980s, he appeared in the films Just One of the Guys (1985), Back to School (1986), and the television series The Equalizer (1986–1989). In the 1990s and 2000s, Zabka focused on independent films and filmmaking. In 2004, he was nominated for an Academy Award for co-writing and producing the short film Most. Zabka continued his directing career, including music videos for Rascal Flatts. From 2018 to 2025, Zabka reprised his role as Johnny Lawrence in the YouTube Red and Netflix series Cobra Kai, which he co-executive produced with Karate Kid costar Ralph Macchio.

Xolo Maridueña
Ramario Xolo Ramirez (born June 9, 2001), known professionally as Xolo Maridueña (/ˈʃoʊloʊ mɑːriˈdwɛnjə/ SHOH-loh mah-ree-DWEH-nyə; Spanish: [ˈʃolo maɾiˈðweɲa]), is an American actor. He began his career as a child, starring as Victor Graham in the NBC drama Parenthood (2012–2015), and rose to prominence for playing Miguel Diaz in the Netflix action series Cobra Kai (2018–2025) and Jaime Reyes / Blue Beetle in the DC Comics superhero film Blue Beetle (2023).
Giuliana Olmos
Giuliana Marion Olmos Dick (born 4 March 1993) is an Austrian-born Mexican professional tennis player.
Olmos, a graduate of USC, has a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 6, achieved on 10 April 2023. She has won seven doubles titles on the WTA Tour. With her partner Desirae Krawczyk, she became the first Mexican player in the Open era to reach a WTA Tour final, at the 2018 Monterrey Open. In 2019, she became the first Mexican player to win a title on WTA Tour, taking the doubles crown at the Nottingham Open. In 2020, she became the first Mexican woman to win the Mexican Open, also with Krawczyk. And at last in 2022, she became the first Mexican woman to enter the top 10 in the WTA rankings in either singles or doubles. She has a best singles ranking of world No. 343, achieved on 4 March 2019, and has won four singles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.

Wang Xinyu
Wang Xinyu (born 26 September 2001) is a Chinese professional tennis player. Wang reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 30 on 23 February 2026, and set a doubles ranking of No. 16 on 20 May 2024. Partnering with Hsieh Su-wei, she won the women's doubles title at the 2023 French Open. She also won a silver medal in mixed doubles, alongside Zhang Zhizhen at the 2024 Summer Olympics.
Dmitry Maevsky
Dmitry Ivanovich Maevsky (Russian: Дми́трий Ива́нович Мае́вский; 17 May 1917, in Petrograd, Russian Empire – 23 July 1992, in Saint Petersburg, Russia) was a Soviet Russian painter, lived and worked in Leningrad, a member of the Leningrad Union of Artists, regarded as one of the representatives of the Leningrad school of painting, most famous for his lyrical landscapes.

Vladimir Malevsky
Vladimir Evgenievich Malevsky (Russian: Владимир Евгеньевич Малевский; 1 November 1925, Leningrad, USSR - 17 October 1981, Leningrad, USSR) was a Soviet Russian painter and graphic artist, a member of the Leningrad Union of Soviet Artists, who lived and worked in Leningrad. Vladimir Malevsky regard as one of representatives of the Leningrad school of painting.
Oriental garden lizard
The oriental garden lizard (Calotes versicolor), also called the eastern garden lizard, Indian garden lizard, common garden lizard, bloodsucker or changeable lizard, is an agamid lizard found widely distributed in Indo-Malaya. It has also been introduced in many other parts of the world.

Indotyphlops braminus
Indotyphlops braminus, commonly known as the brahminy blind snake and other names, is a non-venomous blind snake species, found mostly in Africa and Asia, and has been introduced in many other parts of the world. It is a completely fossorial (i.e., burrowing) reptile, with habits and appearance similar to an earthworm, for which it is often mistaken and shares convergent evolution with, although close examination reveals tiny scales and eyes rather than the annular segments characteristic of a true earthworm. The species is parthenogenetic and all known specimens have been female. The specific name is a Latinized form of the word Brahmin. No subspecies are currently recognized as being valid.
Chess problem
A chess problem, also called a chess composition, is a puzzle created by the composer using chess pieces on a chessboard, which presents the solver with a particular task. For instance, a position may be given with the instruction that White is to move first, and checkmate Black in two moves against any possible defence. A chess problem fundamentally differs from over-the-board play in that the latter involves a struggle between Black and White, whereas the former involves a competition between the composer and the solver. Most positions which occur in a chess problem are unrealistic in the sense that they are very unlikely to occur in over-the-board play. There is a substantial amount of specialized jargon used in connection with chess problems.

Promotion (chess)
In chess, promotion is the replacement of a pawn with a new piece when the pawn is moved to its last rank. The player replaces the pawn immediately with a queen, rook, bishop, or knight of the same color. The new piece does not have to be a previously captured piece. Promotion is mandatory when moving to the last rank; the pawn cannot remain as a pawn.

Promotion to a queen is known as queening; promotion to any other piece is known as underpromotion. Promotion is almost always to a queen, as it is the most powerful piece. Underpromotion might be done for various reasons, such as to avoid stalemate or for tactical reasons related to the knight's unique movement pattern. Promotion or the threat of it often decides the result in an endgame.
Little River Band (album)
Little River Band is the debut studio album by the Australian rock group Little River Band which was released by EMI in November 1975. It peaked at No. 17 on the Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart and was certified 2× gold in Australia in November 1976. It was released in the US by Harvest in September 1976.

After Hours (Little River Band album)
After Hours is the second studio album from the Australian rock band Little River Band, released in April 1976. It peaked at No. 5 on the Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart.

Lead singer Glenn Shorrock names this album as his favourite album by the band.

The album was released in the US in October 1980.

In between the recording of After Hours and Diamantina Cocktail, two founding members of the band departed: Ric Formosa (lead guitar) and Roger McLachlan (bass).
USS Selfridge (DD-357)
USS Selfridge (DD-357) was a Porter-class destroyer in the United States Navy. She was named for Rear Admiral Thomas O. Selfridge (1804–1902) and his son, Thomas O. Selfridge Jr. (1836–1924). She was the second ship named Selfridge, the first being a Clemson-class destroyer that served in World War I.

Selfridge was laid down by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation at Camden in New Jersey on 18 December 1933, launched on 18 April 1936 and commissioned at Philadelphia on 25 November 1936.

USS Patterson (DD-392)
USS Patterson (DD-392), a Bagley-class destroyer, was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for Daniel Todd Patterson, an officer of the US Navy who served in the Quasi-War with France, First Barbary War, and the War of 1812.
Stone pine
The Italian stone pine, botanical name Pinus pinea, also known as the Mediterranean stone pine is a tree from the pine family, Pinaceae. The tree is native to the Mediterranean region, occurring in Southern Europe and the Levant. The species was introduced into North Africa millennia ago, and is also naturalized in the Canary Islands, South Africa and New South Wales.

Stone pines have been used and cultivated for their edible pine nuts since prehistoric times. They are widespread in horticultural cultivation as ornamental trees, planted in gardens and parks around the world. This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Quercus pubescens
Quercus pubescens (synonyms virgiliana), commonly known as the downy oak, pubescent oak or Italian oak, is a species of white oak (genus Quercus sect. Quercus) native to southern Europe and southwest Asia. It is found from northern Spain (Pyrenees) and France in the West to Turkey and the Caucasus in the East.
Cathedral Basilica of Saint Louis
The Cathedral Basilica of Saint Louis, also known as the Saint Louis Cathedral or the New Cathedral, is a Catholic cathedral in the Central West End neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri. Completed in 1914, it is the mother church of the Archdiocese of St. Louis and the seat of Archbishop Mitchell T. Rozanski. The cathedral is named for Saint Louis and was designated a basilica by Pope John Paul II in 1997.

The cathedral was built as a replacement for the previous cathedral, the Basilica of Saint Louis, King of France, located along the Mississippi River. Although workers began clearing ground for the building on May 1, 1907, dedication of the cathedral and its first Mass did not take place until October 18, 1914, when the superstructure was complete. Consecration of the church took place more than a decade later on June 29, 1926. The church is known for its large mosaic installation (which is one of the largest in the Western Hemisphere), and for its burial crypts.

Joseph Ritter
Joseph Elmer Ritter (July 20, 1892 – June 10, 1967) was an American Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of St. Louis from 1946 until his death in 1967. He was created a cardinal in 1961. He previously served as auxiliary bishop (1933–1934), bishop and later Archbishop of Indianapolis (1934–1946). Ritter was one of the cardinals elector who participated at the papal conclave in 1963.

Ritter is noted for ending racial discrimination in church schools in both of his archdioceses long before it became mandatory in the United States. He also ended hospital segregation in the Archdiocese of St. Louis and supported the education of African-American students.
Eucalyptus leucoxylon
Eucalyptus leucoxylon, commonly known as yellow gum, blue gum or white ironbark, is a species of small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It has smooth yellowish bark with some rough bark near the base, lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three and cylindrical, barrel-shaped or shortened spherical fruit. A widely cultivated species, it has white, red or pink flowers.

Eucalyptus cosmophylla
Eucalyptus cosmophylla, commonly known as cup gum, bog gum or  scrub gum, is a species of small tree or mallee that is endemic to South Australia. It usually has smooth bark and lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds arranged in groups of three, white flowers and cup-shaped, cylindrical or hemispherical fruit.
Seminary
A seminary, school of theology, theological college, or divinity school is an educational institution for educating students (sometimes called seminarians) in scripture and theology, generally to prepare them for ordination to serve as clergy, in academics, or mostly in Christian ministry.

The English word is taken from Latin: seminarium, translated as 'seed-bed', an image taken from the Council of Trent document Cum adolescentium aetas, 'Since the age of adolescence' which called for the first modern seminaries.

In the United States, the term is currently used for graduate-level theological institutions, but historically it was used for high schools.

Oak Hill College
Oak Hill College is a conservative evangelical theological college located on Chase Side in Southgate, London, England. Its aim is to prepare men and women from the Church of England and Independent churches for ministry.
Proteus vulgaris
Proteus vulgaris is a rod-shaped, nitrate-reducing, indole-positive and catalase-positive, hydrogen sulfide-producing, Gram-negative bacterium that inhabits the intestinal tracts of humans and animals. It can be found in soil, water, and fecal matter.  It is grouped with the Morganellaceae and is an opportunistic pathogen of humans. It is known to cause wound infections and other species of its genera are known to cause urinary tract infections.

P. vulgaris was one of the three species Hauser isolated from putrefied meat and identified (1885).

Over the past two decades, the genus Proteus, and in particular P. vulgaris, has undergone a number of major taxonomic revisions.  In 1982, P. vulgaris was separated into three biogroups on the basis of indole production.  Biogroup one was indole negative and represented a new species, P. penneri, while biogroups two and three remained together as P. vulgaris.

Proteus mirabilis
Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, nitrate-reducing, indole-negative bacterium. It shows swarming motility and urease activity. P. mirabilis causes 90% of all Proteus infections in humans. It is widely distributed in soil and water. Proteus mirabilis can migrate across the surface of solid media or devices using a type of cooperative group motility called swarming. Proteus mirabilis is most frequently associated with infections of the urinary tract, especially in complicated or catheter-associated urinary tract infections.
Paul Quinn College
Paul Quinn College (PQC) is a private historically black Methodist college in Dallas, Texas. The college is affiliated with the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME).  It is the oldest historically black college west of the Mississippi River and the nation's first urban work college.

Paul Quinn is home to the WE over ME Farm, which was created through a partnership with PepsiCo to bring healthy food to the food desert of Dallas.

Huston–Tillotson University
Huston–Tillotson University (HT) is a private historically black university in Austin, Texas, United States. Established in 1875, it was the first institution of higher learning in Austin. The university is affiliated with the United Methodist Church, the United Church of Christ, and the United Negro College Fund. Huston–Tillotson University awards bachelor's degrees in business, education, the humanities, natural sciences, social sciences, science, and technology and a master's degree in educational leadership. It also offers alternative teacher certification and academic programs for undergraduates interested in pursuing post-graduate degrees in law and medicine.
Six Secret Teachings
The Six Secret Teachings (Chinese: 六韜), is a treatise on civil and military strategy traditionally attributed to Lü Shang (aka Jiang Ziya), a top general of King Wen of Zhou, founder of the Zhou dynasty, at around the eleventh century BC. Modern historians nominally date its final composition to the Warring States period (c. 475–221 BC), but some scholars believe that it preserves at least vestiges of ancient Qi political and military thought.  Because it is written from the perspective of a statesman attempting to overthrow the ruling Shang dynasty, it is the only one of the Seven Military Classics explicitly written from a revolutionary perspective.

Three Strategies of Huang Shigong
The Three Strategies of Huang Shigong is a treatise on military strategy that was historically associated with the Taoist hermit Huang Shigong and Han dynasty general Zhang Liang. Huang Shigong gave this treatise to Zhang Liang, that allowed Zhang to transform into an adept statesman and powerful war theorist. The treatise's literal name is "the Three Strategies of the Duke of Yellow Rock", based on the traditional account of the book's transmission to Zhang. Modern scholars note the similarity between its philosophy and the philosophy of Huang-Lao Daoism. It is one of China's Seven Military Classics.
Maxim Vylegzhanin
Maxim Mikhailovich Vylegzhanin (Russian: Максим Михайлович Вылегжанин; born 18 October 1982) is a Russian former cross country skier and a three-time Olympic silver medalist at the 2014 Sochi Olympics in 50 km freestyle, 4 × 10 km relay and team sprint. He was stripped of his 2014 Olympic medals by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) on 9 November 2017, however on 1 February 2018, his results were restored as a result of the successful appeal.

Vylegzhanin has competed since 2002. His first World Cup start was on 22 January 2005 in Pragelato, Italy. He won a silver medal in the 50 km event (time: 1:59:38:8 – average speed 25,1 km/h) at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2009 in Liberec.

Yuliya Ivanova (cross-country skier)
Yuliya Anatoliyevna Ivanova (Russian: Юлия Анатольевна Иванова) (born 9 September 1985 in Sosnogorsk) is a Russian cross-country skier. 
She competed at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2011 in Oslo, and at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2013 in Val di Fiemme.