hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kovrov
Kovrov (Russian: Ковро́в) is a city in Vladimir Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Klyazma River, a tributary of the Oka. Kovrov's population as of the 2021 Census was 132,417, down from 145,214 recorded in the 2010 Census, and further down from 155,499 recorded in the 2002 Census and 159,942 recorded in the 1989 Census. In terms of population, it is the second-largest city in Vladimir Oblast after Vladimir. In 1977, Kovrov's population had been estimated at 140,000.

Degtyaryov Plant
Degtyaryov Plant (Russian: ОАО Завод имени В. А. Дегтярёва, romanized: OAO Zavod imeni V. A. Degtyaryova, English: Open Joint Stock Company "V. A. Degtyaryov Plant") or ZiD (Zavod imeni Degtyaryova) is one of the most important weapon and vehicle producing enterprises of Russia. The company is named after Vasily Alekseyevich Degtyaryov (2 January 1880, Tula – 16 January 1949), a Soviet and Russian engineer who specialized in weapons design.

Degtyaryov Plant is a subsidiary of High Precision Systems (Rostec).
Jewish Military Union
The Jewish Military Union (Polish: Żydowski Związek Wojskowy, ŻZW; Yiddish: יידישע מיליטערישע פֿאראייניקונג, romanized: Yidishe Militerishe Fareynikung) was an underground resistance organization operating during World War II in the area of the Warsaw Ghetto, which fought during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and 1944 Warsaw Uprising. It was formed, primarily of former officers of the Polish Army, in late 1939, soon after the start of the German occupation of Poland.

Due to the ŻZW's close ties with the Armia Krajowa (AK), which was closely linked to the Polish Government in Exile, after the war the Soviet-dependent People's Republic of Poland suppressed publication of books and articles on ŻZW. Its role in the uprising in the ghetto was downplayed, in favour of the larger, more socialist Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa (Jewish Fighting Organization).

People's Guard (1942–1944)
The People's Guard (GL; Polish: Gwardia Ludowa; Polish pronunciation: [ˈɡvardja luˈdɔva]) was a communist partisan force of the Polish Workers' Party (PPR) active in Occupied Poland during World War II from 1942 to 1944.

The Gwardia Ludowa was established with sponsorship from the Soviet Union to support the Red Army and Polish communists against Nazi Germany. It became the largest partisan force in Poland which refused to join the structures of the Polish Underground State loyal to the London-based Polish government-in-exile. The Gwardia Ludowa was incorporated into the larger Armia Ludowa in January 1944.
American International University-Bangladesh
American International University-Bangladesh commonly known by its acronym AIUB, is a private research university in Dhaka, Bangladesh. This university was established in 1994. It offers several degree programs at the undergraduate and graduate levels from its five faculties.

BRAC University
BRAC University (Bengali: ব্র্যাক ইউনিভার্সিটি, also known as BRACU) is a private research university located in Merul Badda, Dhaka, Bangladesh. It was established in 2001 as a branch of Sir Fazle Hasan Abed's BRAC under the Private University Act 1992.
Fu Zuoyi
Fu Zuoyi (simplified Chinese: 傅作义; traditional Chinese: 傅作義; pinyin: Fù Zuòyì; Wade–Giles: Fu Tso-i) (June 2, 1895 − April 19, 1974) was a Chinese military leader. He began his military career in the service of Yan Xishan, and he was widely praised for his defense of Suiyuan from the Japanese. During the final stages of the Chinese Civil War, Fu surrendered the large and strategic garrison around Beiping to Communist forces. He later served in the government of the People's Republic of China as Minister of the Hydraulic Ministry.

Zhang Zhizhong
Zhang Zhizhong (also Chang Chih-chung; 27 October 1890 – 10 April 1969) was a Chinese political and military leader who served as a general in the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China and later a pro-Communist politician in the People's Republic of China.

Originally a supporter and close associate of Chiang Kai-shek, Zhang belonged to the left wing of the Kuomintang, advocating policies such as collaboration with the Communists against Japan and nationalization of foreign-owned businesses. In 1949 he defected from the Nationalists, becoming a follower of Mao Zedong, and went on to hold high office in the new Communist government, serving as Vice Chairman of the National Defense Council (1954–1969) and Vice Chairman of the National People's Congress (1965–1969).
Mersin
Mersin (pronounced [ˈmæɾsin]) is a large city and port on the Mediterranean coast of southern Turkey. It is the provincial capital of the Mersin Province (formerly İçel). It is made up of four district governorates, each having its own municipality: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir.

A larger metropolitan region which combines Mersin with Tarsus and Erdemli houses more than 1.7 million inhabitants. Çukurova International Airport (COV) situated 50 kilometres (31 miles) from Mersin city centre, is its closest international airport. There are ferry services from Mersin to Famagusta (Mağusa) in Northern Cyprus. Mersin is linked to Adana via Tarsus by way of TCDD trains.

Mardin
Mardin (Kurdish: مێردین, romanized: Mêrdîn; Arabic: ماردين, romanized: Mārdīn; Syriac: ܡܪܕܝܢ, romanized: Mardīn; Armenian: Մարդին) is a city and seat of the Artuklu District of Mardin Province in Turkey. It is known for the Artuqid architecture of its old city, and for its strategic location on a rocky hill near the Tigris River.

In February 2000, the Turkish Ministry of Culture placed Mardin and its surrounding cultural landscape on the country’s Tentative List for UNESCO World Heritage nomination.

The city had a population of 129,864 in 2021. The population is a mix of Kurds, Arabs, Mhallami, and Assyrians.
2000 Guineas Stakes
The 2000 Guineas Stakes is a Group 1 flat race in Great Britain open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run on the Rowley Mile at Newmarket over a distance of 1 mile (1.6 km) and scheduled to take place each year at the start of May.

It is one of Britain's five Classic races, and at present it is the first to be run in the year. It also serves as the opening leg of the Triple Crown, followed by the Derby and the St Leger, although the feat of winning all three has been rarely attempted in recent decades.

Leopardstown 2,000 Guineas Trial Stakes
The Leopardstown 2,000 Guineas Trial Stakes is a Group 3 flat horse race in Ireland open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and geldings. It is run over a distance of 7 furlongs (1,408 metres) at Leopardstown in March or April.
Bronco (TV series)
Bronco is a Western television series on ABC from 1958 through 1962.  It was shown by the BBC in the United Kingdom.  The program starred Ty Hardin as Bronco Layne, a former Confederate officer who wandered the Old West, meeting such well-known individuals as Wild Bill Hickok, Billy the Kid, Jesse James, Theodore Roosevelt, Belle Starr, Cole Younger, and John Wesley Hardin.

The Rifleman
The Rifleman is an American Western television series starring Chuck Connors as rancher Lucas McCain and Johnny Crawford as his son Mark McCain. It was set in the 1880s in the fictional town of North Fork, New Mexico Territory. The show was filmed in black and white, in half-hour episodes. The Rifleman aired on ABC from September 30, 1958, to April 8, 1963, as a production of Four Star Television. It was one of the first primetime series on American television to show a single parent raising a child.

The program was titled to reflect McCain's use of a Winchester Model 1892 rifle (an anachronism, as the show was set in the 1880s) which had been customized to allow repeated firing by cycling its lever action. He demonstrated this technique in the opening credits, as well as a second modification that allowed him to cycle the action with one hand using a technique known as "spin-cocking".
Hormizd III
Hormizd III (Middle Persian: 𐭠𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭬𐭦𐭣; New Persian: هرمز سوم), was the seventeenth king (shah) of the Sasanian Empire, ruling briefly from 457 to 459. He was the son and successor of Yazdegerd II (r. 438–457). His reign was marked by the rebellion of his younger brother Peroz I, who with the aid of one of the Seven Great Houses of Iran, the House of Mihran, and the eastern neighbours of the Sasanians, the Hephthalites, had him captured and executed.

Denag
Denag (fl. 459), was a Sasanian queen (banbishn). She was the wife of the king (shah) Yazdegerd II (r. 438–457), and functioned as queen regent in Ctesiphon during the civil war between her sons in 457–459.
Ve (Cyrillic)
Ve (В в; italics: В в or В в; italics: В в) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It commonly represents the voiced labiodental fricative /v/, like ⟨v⟩ in "vase". It can also represent /ʋ/.

The capital letter Ve looks the same as the capital Latin letter B but is pronounced differently.

Ve is commonly romanized by the Latin letter V (as described by ISO 9), but sometimes the Latin letter W is used instead, such as in Polish, or by the German Duden transcription.

Ye (Cyrillic)
E (Е е; italics: Е е or Е е; italics: Е е), known in Russian and Belarusian as Ye, Je, or Ie, is a letter of the Cyrillic script. In some languages this letter is called E. It commonly represents the vowel [e] or [ɛ], like the pronunciation of ⟨e⟩ in "yes". It was derived from the Greek letter epsilon (Ε ε), and the shape is very similar to the Latin letter E or another version of E (Cyrillic).

Ye is romanized using the Latin letter E for Bulgarian, Serbian, Macedonian, Ukrainian and Rusyn, and occasionally Russian (Озеро Байкал, Ozero Baykal), Je for Belarusian (Заслаўе, Zaslaŭje), Ye for Russian (Европа, Yevropa), and Ie occasionally for Russian (Днепр, Dniepr) and Belarusian (Маладзе́чна, Maladziečna).
Emergence (2024)
The 2024 Emergence was a professional wrestling event produced by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. It took place on August 30, 2024, at Old Forester's Paristown Hall in Louisville, Kentucky, and aired on TNA+. It was the fifth event under the Emergence chronology.

Eight matches were contested at the event, including two on the Countdown to Emergence pre-show. In the main event, Nic Nemeth defeated Josh Alexander 3–2 in an Iron Man match to retain the TNA World Championship. In another prominent match, which was the opening bout, Zachary Wentz defeated defending champion Mike Bailey, NXT superstar Riley Osborne, Jason Hotch, Hammerstone and Laredo Kid in an Ultimate X match to win the TNA X Division Championship. The event was also notable for the TNA debut of John Layfield.

TNA Turning Point (2024)
The 2024 Turning Point was a professional wrestling event produced by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling as a part of WrestleCade. It took place on November 29, 2024, at the Benton Convention Center in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and aired on TNA+. It was the 19th event under the Turning Point chronology.

Eight matches were contested at the event, including one on the Countdown to Turning Point pre-show. In the main event, Nic Nemeth defeated Eddie Edwards to retain the TNA World Championship. In other prominent matches, Masha Slamovich defeated Jordynne Grace 2–1 in a two out of three falls match to retain the TNA Knockouts World Championship, Steve Maclin defeated Josh Alexander in a No Disqualification match, and Moose defeated Laredo Kid to retain the TNA X Division Championship. The event also featured the TNA debut of Matt Riddle.
Warehouse 13
Warehouse 13 is an American science fiction comedy drama television series created by Jane Espenson and D. Brent Mote and executive produced by Jack Kenny and David Simkins for Universal Cable Productions which originally ran from July 7, 2009, to May 19, 2014, on the Syfy network.

The series concerns secret service agents Pete Lattimer (Eddie McClintock) and Myka Bering (Joanne Kelly) who are assigned to Warehouse 13, a top secret South Dakota facility for the containment of supernatural artifacts headed by former NSA cryptographer Artie Nielsen (Saul Rubinek). The agents are tasked with retrieving further artifacts, aided by hacker Claudia Donovan (Allison Scagliotti) and ATF agent Steve Jinks (Aaron Ashmore).

The series has been described as "part The X-Files, part Raiders of the Lost Ark and part Moonlighting", and compared to Friday the 13th: The Series (1987–1990).

Castle (TV series)
Castle is an American crime mystery comedy-drama television series that aired on ABC for a total of eight seasons from March 9, 2009, to May 16, 2016. The series was produced by Beacon Pictures and ABC Studios.

Created by Andrew W. Marlowe, Castle primarily traces the lives of Richard Castle (Nathan Fillion), a best-selling mystery novelist, and Kate Beckett (Stana Katic), a homicide detective, as they solve various unusual crimes in New York City. Detective Beckett is initially infuriated at the thought of working with a writer and goes to great lengths to keep him out of her way. However, the two soon start developing feelings for each other. The overarching plot of the series focused on the romance between the two lead characters and their ongoing investigation of the murder of Beckett's mother.

On May 12, 2016, it was announced that despite some cast members signing one-year contracts for a potential ninth season, the show had been canceled.
Black Watch
The Black Watch, 3rd Battalion, Royal Regiment of Scotland (3 SCOTS) is an infantry battalion of the Royal Regiment of Scotland. The regiment was created as part of the Childers Reforms in 1881, when the 42nd (Royal Highland) Regiment of Foot (The Black Watch) was amalgamated with the 73rd (Perthshire) Regiment of Foot. It was known as The Black Watch (Royal Highlanders) from 1881 to 1931 and The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) from 1931 to 2006. Part of the Scottish Division for administrative purposes from 1967, it was the senior Highland regiment. It has been part of the Scottish, Welsh and Irish Division for administrative purposes since 2017.

King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster)
The King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster) was a line infantry regiment of the British Army. It served under various titles and fought in many wars and conflicts, including both the First and the Second World Wars, from 1680 to 1959. In 1959, the regiment was amalgamated with the Border Regiment to form the King's Own Royal Border Regiment.

Previous names include the 2nd Tangier Regiment, Her Royal Highness the Duchess of York and Albany's Regiment of Foot, The Queen's Regiment of Foot, and The King's Own Regiment.
Gene Hickerson
Robert Gene Hickerson (February 15, 1935 – October 20, 2008) was an American professional football player who was an offensive guard for 15 years with the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL) from 1958 to 1960 and 1962 to 1973. Hickerson was a six-time Pro Bowler from 1965 to 1970. He was inducted to the Pro Football Hall of Fame on August 4, 2007.

Dick Schafrath
Richard Philip Schafrath (March 21, 1937 – August 15, 2021) was an American offensive lineman for the Cleveland Browns, former Ohio State Senator, and author. During his tenure as an athlete, he won a national football championship with the 1957 Ohio State University Buckeyes and the 1964 NFL Championship with the Cleveland Browns. Because of his strong work ethic and occasional stubborn determination friends and teammates nicknamed him "The Mule".
Microsoft Exchange Server
Microsoft Exchange Server is a mail server and calendaring server developed by Microsoft. It runs exclusively on Windows Server operating systems.

The first version was called Exchange Server 4.0, to position it as the successor to the related Microsoft Mail 3.5. Exchange initially used the X.400 directory service but switched to Active Directory later. Until version 5.0, it came bundled with an email client called Microsoft Exchange Client. This was discontinued in favor of Microsoft Outlook.

Exchange Server primarily uses a proprietary protocol called MAPI to talk to email clients, but subsequently added support for POP3, IMAP, and EAS. The standard SMTP protocol is used to communicate to other Internet mail servers.

Exchange Server is licensed both as on-premises software and software as a service (SaaS). In the on-premises form, customers purchase client access licenses (CALs); as SaaS, Microsoft charges a monthly service fee instead.

Push email
Push email is an email system that provides an always-on capability, in which when new email arrives at the mail delivery agent (MDA) (commonly called mail server), it is immediately, actively transferred (pushed) by the MDA to the mail user agent (MUA), also called the email client, so that the end-user can see incoming email immediately. This is in contrast with systems that check for new incoming mail every so often, on a schedule. Email clients include smartphones and, less strictly, IMAP personal computer mail applications.
Anemonoides nemorosa
Anemonoides nemorosa (syn. Anemone nemorosa), the wood anemone, is an early-spring flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, native to Europe. Other common names include windflower, European thimbleweed, and smell fox, an allusion to the musky smell of the leaves. It is a perennial herbaceous plant growing 5–15 cm (2–6 in) tall.

Lathraea squamaria
Lathraea squamaria, the common toothwort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae. It is widely distributed in Europe and also occurs in Turkey.

It is parasitic on the roots of hazel and alder, and occasionally other trees, and represents the second occasion on which a member of the family Orobanchaceae lost the ability to photosynthesize and became parasitic. It occurs in shady places such as deciduous woodland and hedge sides. The plant consists of a branched whitish underground stem closely covered with thick, fleshy, colourless leaves, which are bent over so as to hide under the surface. The only portions that appear above ground in April to May are the short flower-bearing shoots, which bear a spike of two-lipped dull purple flowers, but is also able to produce cleistogamic underground flowers which fertilise themselves. It is also able to regenerate from broken fragments of the underground stem.
Paul Reiffel
Paul Ronald Reiffel (born 19 April 1966) is an Australian cricket umpire and former cricketer who played in 35 Tests and 92 One Day Internationals (ODIs) from 1992 to 1999. He was part of Australia's victorious 1999 World Cup team. After retirement, he became a first-class cricket umpire. He is currently a member of the Elite Panel of ICC Umpires.

Damien Fleming
Damien William Fleming (born 24 April 1970) is an Australian cricket commentator and former cricketer who played for the Australian national cricket team and domestic cricket for Victoria. He played in 20 Tests and 88 ODIs from 1994 to 2001 and was part of the all-conquering Australian teams under Steve Waugh and Mark Taylor. In recent years Fleming has spent time refining his theory of Bowlology, a set of scientific coaching principles to help developing bowlers. Fleming  was a part of the Australian team that won the 1999 Cricket World Cup.

Injury problems shortened his career, with the side-on bowling action that generated his swing, also putting more strain on his body.
Tommy Robredo
Tomás Robredo Garcés (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈtomi roˈβɾeðo ɣaɾˈθes], Catalan: [ɡəɾˈses]; born 1 May 1982) is a Spanish former professional tennis player. His career-high singles ranking was world No. 5, which he reached in August 2006 as a result of winning the Hamburg Masters earlier in the year. Robredo reached the quarterfinals at seven singles major tournaments. He was also a three-time semifinalist at the US Open men's doubles tournament, and a semifinalist at the Australian Open in mixed doubles.

Robredo turned professional in 1998 and was coached by José Manuel "Pepo" Clavet and then by Karim Perona. Robredo considered his forehand to be his best shot, and red clay his favorite surface. He remains the only player in Open Era history to mount three consecutive comebacks from two sets down, a feat achieved en route to the quarterfinals of the 2013 French Open. He has one of the highest percentages of five-set matches won with 77.3 per cent (17–5 win–loss record).

Dominika Cibulková
Dominika Cibulková (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈdɔminika ˈtsibulkɔʋaː]; born 6 May 1989) is a Slovak former professional tennis player. She is the 2016 WTA Finals champion, becoming the fourth player (after Serena Williams in 2001, Maria Sharapova in 2004 and Petra Kvitová in 2011) to win the tournament on her debut. She won eight WTA Tour singles titles and two on the ITF Circuit.

Cibulková reached the quarterfinals or better of all four Grand Slam tournaments at least once. One of her most notable achievements was a final appearance at the 2014 Australian Open. Although she lost to Li Na, she was the first female Slovak to reach the final of a Grand Slam tournament.
Roots rock
Roots rock is a genre of rock music that looks back to rock's origins in folk, blues, and country music. First emerging in the late 1960s, it is seen as a response to the perceived excesses of the then dominant psychedelic and the developing progressive rock. Because roots music (Americana) is often used to mean folk and world musical forms, roots rock is sometimes used in a broad sense to describe any rock music that incorporates elements of this music.

The 2000s saw a new interest in "roots" music. One proof of that is the specific Grammy Award given since 2015, notably to Jon Batiste in 2022. According to the Grammy website, "This category recognizes excellence in Americana, bluegrass, blues or folk recordings in modern and/or traditional vocal and instrumental styles, as well as original material by artists who use traditional and/or modern roots elements, sounds and instrumental techniques as the basis for their recordings."

Swamp rock
Swamp rock is a genre of rock music that originated in the mid-1960s as a fusion of rockabilly and soul music with swamp blues, country music and funk. The genre originated in Louisiana by artists such as Tony Joe White, but was subsequently popularized by the California band Creedence Clearwater Revival.
Centurion, South Africa
Centurion (previously known as Verwoerdburg and before that Lyttelton) is an area with 236,580 inhabitants (2011 census) in the Gauteng Province of South Africa, between Pretoria and Midrand. Formerly an independent municipality, with its own town council, it has been part of the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality since 2000. Its heart is at the intersection of the N1 and N14 freeways. The R21 freeway also passes through the eastern part of Centurion.

The Waterkloof Air Force Base, as well as the Swartkop Air Force Base (which includes the South African Air Force Museum), are in Centurion.

Hennops River
The Hennops River is one of the larger rivers that drains Gauteng, South Africa. It has its source near Kempton Park, east of Johannesburg and meets the Crocodile River shortly before Hartbeespoort Dam. It is one of Gauteng's most polluted rivers.
Marina Kozlovskaya
Marina Andreevna Kozlovskaya (Russian: Мари́на Андре́евна Козло́вская; 7 April 1925 – 2019) was a Soviet and Russian painter who lived and worked in Leningrad – Saint Petersburg, regarded as one of the leading representatives of the Leningrad school of painting, most famous for her landscape paintings.

Lev Chegorovsky
Lev Ilych Chegorovsky (Russian: Лев Ильич Чегоровский; 20 February 1914, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire – 21 October 1991, Leningrad, USSR) was a Soviet Russian painter and art teacher, a member of the Leningrad Union of Artists, who lived and worked in Leningrad. Lev Chegorovsky regarded as one of representatives of the Leningrad school of painting, most famous for his portrait and historical paintings.