hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spring (hydrology)
A spring is a natural exit point at which groundwater emerges from an aquifer and flows across the ground surface as surface water. It is a component of the hydrosphere, as well as a part of the water cycle. Springs have long been important for humans as a source of fresh water, especially in arid regions which have relatively little annual rainfall.

Springs are driven out onto the surface by various natural forces, such as gravity and hydrostatic pressure. A spring produced by the emergence of geothermally heated groundwater is known as a hot spring. The yield of spring water varies widely from a volumetric flow rate of nearly zero to more than 14,000 litres per second (490 cu ft/s) for the biggest springs.

Groundwater recharge
Groundwater recharge or deep drainage or deep percolation is a hydrologic process, where water moves downward from surface water to groundwater. Recharge is the primary method through which water enters an aquifer. This process usually occurs in the vadose zone below plant roots and is often expressed as a flux to the water table surface. Groundwater recharge also encompasses water moving away from the water table farther into the saturated zone. Recharge occurs both naturally (through the water cycle) and through anthropogenic processes (i.e., "artificial groundwater recharge"), where rainwater and/or reclaimed water is routed to the subsurface.

The most common methods to estimate recharge rates are: chloride mass balance (CMB); soil physics methods; environmental and isotopic tracers; groundwater-level fluctuation methods; water balance (WB) methods (including groundwater models (GMs)); and the estimation of baseflow (BF) to rivers.
Roman Catholic Diocese of Galle
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Galle (Latin: Dioecesis Gallensis) is a diocese of the Latin Church of the Roman Catholic Church in Sri Lanka.

Erected as the Diocese of Galle in 1893, the diocese is suffragan to the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Colombo. In 1995, part of the diocese was split off to form the Diocese of Ratnapura

The current bishop is Raymond Kingsley Wickramasinghe, appointed in 2011.

Roman Catholic Diocese of Chilaw
The Diocese of Chilaw (Lat: Dioecesis Chilavensis) is a diocese of the Latin Church of the Catholic Church in Sri Lanka.

Erected as the Diocese of Galle in 1939, the diocese is suffragan to the Archdiocese of Colombo. In 1995, part of the diocese was split off to form the Diocese of Kurunegala.

The current bishop is Don Wimal Siri Appuhamy Jayasuriya, who was appointed in December 2023.
Mac (rapper)
McKinley Phipps, Jr. (born July 30, 1977), better known simply as Mac, is an American rapper from New Orleans' 3rd Ward. He began rapping as a child, releasing his debut album The Lyrical Midget at the age of 13 in 1990, under the stage name Lil Mac. Mac would eventually sign with Master P's No Limit Records and would grow to be one of the most critically acclaimed artists on the label, both as a solo rapper and as a member of the  super group 504 Boyz. Mac released two solo albums and one album as part of the 504 Boyz on No Limit, including 1998's Shell Shocked, which peaked at No. 11 on the US Billboard 200.

In 2001, Mac was convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to 30 years in prison at the Elayn Hunt Correctional Center in Louisiana, and was released on parole on June 22, 2021, after serving 20 years of his sentence. Phipps maintained his innocence throughout, and his parents have campaigned to re-open the investigation into his case.

Gambino Family (group)
Gambino Family was an American hip hop group  founded by Master P in 1997, named after the Gambino crime family. The group consisted of three brothers; Gotti (Lawrence Johnson; also known as Lil Gotti), Melchior (Melchior Johnson; also known as Malachi), Reginelli (Reginald Johnson), and family friend Pheno (Edward Joseph Bell Jr.; also known as Pheno the Underboss).
List of FIS Alpine Ski World Cup men's hosts
This is a list of all men's hosts in FIS Alpine Ski World Cup from 1967 to present. The list includes all individual World Cup disciplines: downhill, super-G, giant slalom, slalom, classic/super/alpine combined, parallel slalom, and parallel giant slalom.

Since 2006 mixed team events are on schedule also. sixteen parallel slalom events in total which counted for Nations Cup only, were held between 1976 and 1991.

List of FIS Alpine Ski World Cup women's hosts
This is a list of all women's hosts in FIS Alpine Ski World Cup from 1967 to present. The list includes all individual World Cup disciplines: downhill, super-G, giant slalom, slalom, Classic/Super/Alpine combined, parallel slalom and parallel giant slalom.

Since 2006 mixed team events are on schedule also. Fourteen parallel slalom events in total which counted for Nations Cup only, were held between 1976 and 1991.
Jiří Tlustý
Jiří Tlustý (born 16 March 1988) is a Czech former professional ice hockey left winger. He was originally a first-round draft pick of the Toronto Maple Leafs in the 2006 NHL Entry Draft, and split time between the Maple Leafs and the Toronto Marlies of the American Hockey League (AHL) until he was traded to the Carolina Hurricanes in December 2009. Tlustý was also drafted by Atlant Moscow of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) on 1 June 2009, 43rd overall.

Winnipeg Jets
The Winnipeg Jets are a professional ice hockey team based in Winnipeg. The Jets compete in the National Hockey League (NHL) as a member of the Central Division in the Western Conference. The team is owned by True North Sports & Entertainment, playing its home games at Canada Life Centre.

The franchise was established as the Atlanta Thrashers on June 25, 1997, and began play in the 1999–2000 NHL season. True North Sports & Entertainment then bought the team in May 2011, and relocated the Thrashers to Winnipeg prior to the 2011–12 season, making them the first NHL franchise to relocate since the Hartford Whalers became the Carolina Hurricanes in 1997. The team was renamed the Jets after Winnipeg's original WHA/NHL team, which relocated after the 1995–96 season due to financial issues to become the now-inactive Phoenix (later Arizona) Coyotes.
Mina Ōba
Mina Ōba (大場 美奈, Ōba Mina; born April 3, 1992) is a former member of the Japanese idol girl group SKE48 of which she was captain of Team KII. Before, she was a member and captain of Team 4, but she was suspended due to her scandal and she returned in January 2012, she was transfer to Team B in 2012 when original Team 4 was disbanded in AKB48.

On October 9, 2021, Ōba announced that she will graduate from SKE48 and leave the idol industry in April 2022, the time of her 30th birthday. Her 3-part graduation concert was on April 1 to 3 (the final day being her 30th birthday celebration). Her final theater performance was on April 23. She was supposed to officially graduate from the group on April 30, but she tested positive for COVID-19 on April 29, the day before her planned graduation. Her graduation date was postponed to May 21.

Miku Tanabe
Miku Tanabe (田名部 生来, Tanabe Miku; born 2 December 1992, in Ōmihachiman, Shiga Prefecture) is a Japanese idol who is a former member of AKB48's Team B. In April 2017, she announced that she would be "graduating" (or leaving the group). She finally graduated on July 23, 2017.

Tanabe is currently represented by AKS. She formerly belonged to Mousa.
Brigadier general
Brigadier general or brigade general is a military rank used in many countries. The rank is usually above a colonel, and below a major general or divisional general. When appointed to a field command, a brigadier general is typically in command of a brigade consisting of around 4,000 troops (two regiments or four battalions).

Oflag 64
Oflag 64 was a World War II German prisoner-of-war camp for officers located at Szubin a few miles south of Bydgoszcz, in Pomorze, Poland, which at that time was occupied by Nazi Germany. It was probably the only German POW camp set up exclusively for U.S. Army ground component officers. At most other camps there were several nationalities, although they were usually separated into national compounds.

The camp was built around a Polish boys' school by adding barracks. Initially it was Stalag XXI-B for Polish soldiers until December 1940. It then it became Oflag XXI-B for French and British Commonwealth officers, subsequently for Soviet officers until June 1943. They were then moved out to other camps, the Commonwealth flying personnel to Stalag Luft III Sagan, others to Oflag XXI-C Ostrzeszów. It was then re-numbered.
Iraq Medal (United Kingdom)
The Iraq Medal was authorised on 23 February 2004. It was a campaign medal issued to members of the British Armed Forces and certain attached personnel, who served between 20 January 2003 and 22 May 2011 on, or in support of, Operation Telic - the designation for British operations during the 2003 Invasion of Iraq and its aftermath.

Operational Service Medal for Afghanistan
The Operational Service Medal for Afghanistan was a campaign medal awarded by the Ministry of Defence of the United Kingdom for service by British Armed Forces personnel in support of the post-2001 Afghan War.
Calais, Maine
Calais (/ˈkælɪs/; similar to the word "callous") is a city in Washington County, Maine, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 3,079, making Calais the largest municipality by population in Washington County, but the third least-populous city in Maine (after Hallowell and Eastport). The city has three Canada–US border crossings (also known as ports of entry) over the St. Croix River connecting to St. Stephen, New Brunswick, Canada.

Calais has been a city of commerce and is recognized as the primary shopping center of eastern Washington County and of Charlotte County, New Brunswick. Retail, service, and construction businesses are the primary components of the Calais economy.

Presque Isle, Maine
Presque Isle (/prɛsk/ PRESK) is the commercial center and largest city in Aroostook County, Maine, United States. The population was 8,797 at the 2020 Census. The city is home to the University of Maine at Presque Isle, Northern Maine Community College, Northern Maine Fairgrounds, the Aroostook Centre Mall, and the Presque Isle International Airport.

Presque Isle is the headquarters of the Mi'kmaq Nation, a federally recognized tribe.
The Boys from Syracuse
The Boys from Syracuse is a musical with music by Richard Rodgers and lyrics by Lorenz Hart, based on William Shakespeare's play The Comedy of Errors, as adapted by librettist George Abbott.  The score includes swing and other contemporary rhythms of the 1930s.  The show was the first musical based on a Shakespeare play. The Comedy of Errors was itself loosely based on a Roman play, The Menaechmi, or the Twin Brothers, by Plautus.

The show premiered on Broadway in 1938 and Off-Broadway in 1963, with later productions including a West End run in 1963 and in a Broadway revival in 2002.  A film adaptation was released in 1940.  Well-known songs from the score include "Falling in Love with Love", "This Can't Be Love" and "Sing for Your Supper".

Du Barry Was a Lady
Du Barry Was a Lady is a Broadway musical, with music and lyrics by Cole Porter, and the book by Herbert Fields and Buddy DeSylva. The musical starred Bert Lahr, Ethel Merman and Betty Grable, and the song "Friendship" was one of the highlights. The musical was made into the 1943 Technicolor film Du Barry Was a Lady, starring Red Skelton, Lucille Ball, Gene Kelly, and Tommy Dorsey and his orchestra.
Skövde
Skövde (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈɧœ̂vːdɛ] ⓘ) is a locality and urban centre in Skövde Municipality and Västra Götaland County, in the Västergötland (Western Gothland region) in central southern Sweden.

Skövde is situated around 150 km northeast of Gothenburg, between Sweden's two largest lakes, Vänern and Vättern. It lies on the eastern slope of a low mountain ridge, Billingen (304 m), which cuts through the plain between the lakes. The Western Main Railway (Västra Stambanan) was built through Skövde in the 1850s, which gave the town a dramatic industrial and population boost.

Today, Skövde is home to the headquarters for Skaraborg's District Court and is the Västra Götaland's fourth-largest urban area as well as Sweden's 32nd biggest locality (by population) with 39,580 inhabitants in 2020.

Strängnäs
Strängnäs is a locality and the seat of Strängnäs Municipality, Södermanland County, Sweden with 15,363 inhabitants in 2020. It is located by Lake Mälaren and is the episcopal see of the Diocese of Strängnäs, one of the thirteen dioceses of the Church of Sweden. Prominently located on a hilltop, Strängnäs Cathedral, built between 1291 and 1340, is an important landmark.
François Duprat
François Duprat (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃swa dypʁa]; 26 October 1940 – 18 March 1978) was a French essayist and politician, a founding member of the Front National party and part of the leadership until his assassination in 1978. Duprat was one of the main architects in the introduction of Holocaust denial in France.

Party of New Forces
Parti des forces nouvelles (PFN) or Party of New Forces was a French far-right political party formed in November 1974 from the Comité faire front, a group of anti-Jean-Marie Le Pen dissidents who had split from the National Front (FN).
Qin (state)
Qin (CHIN, /tʃɪn/, or Ch'in) was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty. It is traditionally dated to 897 BC. The state of Qin originated from a reconquest of western lands that had previously been lost to the Xirong. Its location at the western edge of Chinese civilisation allowed for expansion and development that was not available to its rivals in the North China Plain.

After extensive reform during the 4th century BC, Qin emerged as one of the dominant powers among the Seven Warring States. It unified the seven states of China under Qin Shi Huang in 221 BC. This unification established the Qin dynasty, which, despite its short duration, had a significant influence on later Chinese history. Accordingly, the state of Qin before the Qin dynasty was established is also referred to as the "predynastic Qin" or "proto-Qin".

Haojing
Hao or Haojing, also called Zongzhou, was one of the two settlements comprising the capital of the Western Zhou dynasty (c. 1046 – c. 771 BCE), the other being Feng or Fengjing (豐京). They stood on opposite banks of the Feng River (灃河), Feng on the west bank and Hao on the east, and were together known as Fenghao. Archaeological discoveries indicate that the ruins of Haojing lie next to the Feng River around the north end of Doumen Subdistrict (斗门街道) in present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi Province.
Nathan Berg
Nathan Berg (born in Spalding, Saskatchewan, Canada) is an operatic bass-baritone. He is a Grammy Award winner (2018 Best Opera Recording) and four-time Grammy nominated, a Juno award winner (2002 JUNO award classical album category – vocal or choral performance) and 2014 Juno Awards nominee

Jakub Józef Orliński
Jakub Józef Orliński (Polish pronunciation: [ˈjakup ˈjuzɛf ɔrˈlij̃skʲi]; born 8 December 1990) is a Polish countertenor and breakdancer. He has performed leading roles with many opera companies, including Metropolitan Opera, Royal Opera House, Warsaw Grand Theatre and Oper Frankfurt.

He is the recipient of numerous international awards including the Gramophone Classical Music Award (2019), International Opera Award (2021) and International Classical Music Award (2022).
U.S. Route 68
U.S. Route 68 (US 68) is a United States highway that runs for 560 miles (900 km) from northwest Ohio to Western Kentucky. The highway's western terminus is at US 62 in Reidland, Kentucky. Its present eastern terminus is at Interstate 75 in Findlay, Ohio, though the route once extended as far north as Toledo. US 68 intersects with US 62 three times during its route.

Interstate 165 (Kentucky)
Interstate 165 (I-165) is a 70.2-mile-long (113.0 km) auxiliary Interstate Highway in the US state of Kentucky. A spur route of I-65, it extends from I-65 in Bowling Green to U.S. Route 60 (US 60) and US 231 in Owensboro. It opened in 1972 as the Green River Parkway and was renamed the William H. Natcher Parkway in 1994. It was designated as I-165 in 2019 after completion of a project that brought the highway up to Interstate Highway standards.
ZANU–PF
The Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF) is a political organisation which has been the ruling party of Zimbabwe since independence in 1980. The party was led for many years by Robert Mugabe, first as prime minister with the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and then as president from 1987 after the merger with the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) and retaining the name ZANU–PF.

At the 2008 parliamentary election, the ZANU–PF lost sole control of parliament for the first time in party history and brokered a difficult power-sharing deal with the Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai (MDC). ZANU-PF then won the 2013 election, gaining a two-thirds majority. The party narrowly held their super-majority in the 2018 election.

On 19 November 2017, following a coup d'état, ZANU–PF removed Robert Mugabe as party leader, who resigned two days later, and appointed former Vice President Emmerson Mnangagwa in his place.

Cabinet of Zimbabwe
The Cabinet of Zimbabwe is the executive branch of the government of Zimbabwe, responsible for advising the President and implementing national policies. It consists of the President, who serves as its head, the two Vice-Presidents, and Ministers appointed by the President. The Cabinet plays a central role in the administration of the country, overseeing various ministries and ensuring the execution of laws passed by Parliament. Established under the independence constitution in 1980, the Cabinet has undergone significant transformations, particularly with the shift to an executive presidency in 1987 and the adoption of a new constitution in 2013. It has also been shaped by political agreements, such as the Government of National Unity formed in 2009.
Oppression
Oppression is malicious or unjust treatment of, or exercise of power over, a group of individuals, often in the form of governmental authority. There are many scholars who have attempted to define oppression, usually by the types of harm suffered by those who are persecuted.

Gender inequality
Gender inequality is the social phenomenon in which people are not treated equally on the basis of gender. This inequality can be caused by gender discrimination or sexism. The treatment may arise from distinctions regarding biology, psychology, or cultural norms prevalent in the society. These distinctions are foremost grounded in social constructs. While current policies around the world cause inequality among individuals, it is women who are most affected. Gender inequality weakens women in many areas such as health, education, and business life. Studies show the different experiences of genders across many domains including education, life expectancy, personality, interests, family life, careers, and political affiliation. Gender inequality is experienced differently across different cultures.
The New York Herald
The New York Herald was a large-distribution newspaper based in New York City that existed from 1835 to 1924. At that point it was acquired by its smaller rival the New-York Tribune to form the New York Herald Tribune.

Buster Brown
Buster Brown is a comic strip character created in 1902 by Richard F. Outcault that was adopted as the mascot of the Brown Shoe Company in 1904. The characters of Buster Brown, Mary Jane, and his dog Tige became well known to the American public in the early 20th century. The Buster Brown suit reflected his outfit and became very popular for young boys.
Kauaʻi
Kauaʻi, sometimes written Kauai, is one of the main Hawaiian Islands. It has an area of 562.3 square miles (1,456.4 km2), making it the fourth-largest of the islands and the 21st-largest island in the United States. Kauaʻi is 73 miles (117 km) northwest of Oʻahu, across the Kauaʻi Channel. The island's 2020 population was 73,298.

Styling itself the "Garden Isle", Kauaʻi is the site of Waimea Canyon State Park and Nā Pali Coast State Park. It forms the bulk of Kauaʻi County, which includes Niʻihau as well as the small nearby islands of Kaʻula and Lehua.

Lilo & Stitch: The Series
Lilo & Stitch: The Series (titled simply as Disney's Lilo & Stitch on its title card and on American copyright registrations) is an American animated television series produced by Walt Disney Television Animation. It premiered on ABC on September 20, 2003, as part of ABC Kids, with a delayed premiere on Disney Channel on October 12, 2003. The series ended on July 29, 2006, after airing 65 episodes in two seasons.

A sequel spin-off of the 2002 feature film on which it was based, and the follow-up to the direct-to-video pilot film Stitch! The Movie, it was the first of three television series produced in the Lilo & Stitch franchise, and the only one to retain the same setting as the original film. It aired on Disney Channel worldwide but has only been released on DVD in full in Japan, in four box sets. A follow-up film, Leroy & Stitch, was released in 2006 and served as a finale to both the television series and the original Lilo & Stitch canon.
Eastern Province Elephants
The Eastern Province Elephants (Afrikaans: Oostelike Provinsie Olifante), known as the Multisure Eastern Province Elephants for sponsorship reasons, are a South African rugby union team that participates in the annual Currie Cup and Rugby Challenge competitions. They are governed by the Eastern Province Rugby Union (EPRU or EP Rugby). The team represents the Western half of the Eastern Cape province, and they play their home games at the Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium in Port Elizabeth.

In February 2018, the EPRU announced that the name of the team would revert to Eastern Province Elephants for the 2018 season.

2013 Under-19 Provincial Championship
The 2013 ABSA Under-19 Provincial Championship will be contested from 12 July to 26 October 2013. The tournament will feature the Under-19 players from the fourteen provincial rugby unions in South Africa.
Gothia Cup
The Gothia Cup (Swedish pronunciation: [ɡuːtɪa ˈkɵpː]) is an international youth association football tournament organized by professional football club BK Häcken, which has been held annually since 1975 in Gothenburg, Sweden. Considered the biggest tournament in the world in terms of participating teams, competing youth teams throughout the world enter the competition. The Gothia Cup is also Sweden's largest annual event. 
Series 4 of the BBC's Jamie Johnson (TV series) portrays Phoenix FC, a grassroots football club competing in the Gothia Cup.

Dana Cup
The Dana Cup, one of the world's largest football tournaments, takes place every year in the North Jutland town of Hjørring in Denmark at the end of July.  In 2008 there were over 25,000 participants (players, coaches and referees) from all around the world. It is advertised by the organisers as "the world's most international youth soccer tournament" since over the years, they claim it has had the largest number of participating countries of any international football tournament. First held in 1982, the tournament celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2023, hosting 1114 teams from 37 different countries.