hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nottinghamshire Senior League
The Nottinghamshire Senior League is an English football league. The competition is a feeder to the Northern Counties East League and the United Counties League. The league has five divisions – the Premier Division (which stands at level 11 of the English football league system), NSL Division One, NSL Division Two, NSL Division Three and the NSL Development Division.  The league expanded from three divisions in 2020 having absorbed the Midland & Notts Alliance League.

East Midlands Counties Football League
The East Midlands Counties Football League was an English football league that operated from 2008 to 2021, covering the counties of Derbyshire, Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire in the East Midlands. The league had one division, which stood at the tenth level of the football pyramid.
SR Delémont
Sport-Réunis de Delémont (shortened to SR Delémont) is a Swiss football club based in Delémont and founded in 1909. The team currently play in 1st League Classic from 2025–26, the fourth tier of Swiss football after relegation from Promotion League in 2024–25. It played in the Swiss Super League in the 2000–01 and 2002–03 seasons.

FC Stade Nyonnais
FC Stade Nyonnais is an association football club based in the town of Nyon, Switzerland. The team currently competes in the Challenge League, the second tier of the Swiss football league system and plays its home matches at Stade de Colovray, where it has been since 1991. Founded in 1905, it is nicknamed the "jaune et noir" (which translates to "yellow and black") and affiliated to the Vaud Cantonal Football Association.
Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.

Flow network
In graph theory, a flow network (also known as a transportation network) is a directed graph where each edge has a capacity and each edge receives a flow. The amount of flow on an edge cannot exceed the capacity of the edge. Often in operations research, a directed graph is called a network, the vertices are called nodes and the edges are called arcs.  A flow must satisfy the restriction that the amount of flow into a node equals the amount of flow out of it, unless it is a source, which has only outgoing flow, or sink, which has only incoming flow. A flow network can be used to model traffic in a computer network, circulation with demands, fluids in pipes, currents in an electrical circuit, or anything similar in which something travels through a network of nodes. As such, efficient algorithms for solving network flows can also be applied to solve problems that can be reduced to a flow network, including survey design, airline scheduling, image segmentation, and the matching problem.
Municipalities of Japan
Municipalities are a level of administration in Japan. The country has three levels of governments: national, prefectural, and municipal.

The nation is divided into 47 prefectures (within these, one metropolis, one regional prefecture, and two urban prefectures). Each prefecture consists of numerous municipalities, with 1,718 in total as of October 2018.

There are four types of municipalities in Japan: cities (市, shi), towns (町, chō), villages (村, son) and special wards of Tokyo (区, ku). In Japanese, this system is known as shikuchōson (市区町村), where each kanji in the word represents one of the four types of municipalities. In Tokyo, because the wards are at the center, the system is officially referred to as kushichōson (区市町村), with the wards first, and cities second.

Some designated cities also have further administrative subdivisions, also known as wards, but, unlike the special wards of Tokyo, these wards are not municipalities.

Shiramine, Ishikawa
36°08′17″N 136°40′40″E﻿ / ﻿36.138168°N 136.677913°E﻿ / 36.138168; 136.677913

Shiramine (白峰村, Shiramine-mura) is the southernmost part of Hakusan, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. It was once registered as a village and a part of Ishikawa District, but on February 1, 2005, Shiramine, along with the city of Mattō, the towns of Mikawa and Tsurugi, and the villages of Kawachi, Oguchi, Torigoe and Yoshinodani (all from Ishikawa District), was merged to create the city of Hakusan, and thus it no longer exists as an independent municipality.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 1,131 and a density of 5.11 persons per km2. The total area was 221.50 km2. Today Shiramine is promoted to visitors through its nature, culture, and geography. Local attractions include the Hakusan Folk Museum, the Hakusan Dinosaur Park Shiramine, Shiramine Onsen Soyu, the Tedori River Development Museum, and the Hakusan Sabo Science Museum.
England at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
England competed at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland, between 23 July and 3 August 2014. Commonwealth Games England named a team of 416 athletes consisting of 216 men and 200 women across the 18 disciplines.

Scotland at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Scotland competed in the 2014 Commonwealth Games as the host nation in Glasgow from 23 July to 3 August 2014. A team of 310 athletes, consisting of 168 men and 142 women, were selected to compete in 17 disciplines.
Almeida Theatre
The Almeida Theatre is a 325-seat producing house located on Almeida Street off Upper Street in the London Borough of Islington. The theatre opened in 1980, and produces a diverse range of drama. Successful plays are often transferred to West End theatres.

The Master Builder
The Master Builder (Norwegian: Bygmester Solness) is a play by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen. It was first published in December 1892 and is regarded as one of Ibsen's more significant and revealing works.
Radio Sport
Radio Sport (previously Sports Roundup) was a New Zealand sports radio network and the talkback sister network of Newstalk ZB. It held commentary rights for most cricket matches, international and domestic rugby union games, NRL rugby league games, trans-Tasman basketball and New Zealand tennis tournaments.

The network also updated developments at golfing events, bowls tournaments and other sporting events. At other times Radio Sport played talkback and hourly news and sports updates.

Coast (radio station)
Coast is a New Zealand radio network playing a mix of "feel good" hits predominantly from the 1970s and 1980s. The network includes stations in 22 major cities and provincial centres broadcasting from studios in central Auckland, owned and operated by New Zealand Media and Entertainment.

The Coast network reaches an estimated 315,100 listeners each week. Its format is smooth, with short hourly news bulletins, succinct voice breaks, minimal ad breaks and limited clutter. Its target listener is 40 to 64 years old; has reached their highest-earning potential, owns their own home and spends disposable income on luxury items and travel. The audience is almost equally male and female, with a 52% female skew.

Coast format was launched 26 April 2004.
Tepal
A tepal is one of the outer parts of a flower (collectively the perianth). The term is used when these parts cannot easily be classified as either sepals or petals. This may be because the parts of the perianth are undifferentiated (i.e., of very similar appearance), as in Magnolia, or because, although it is possible to distinguish an outer whorl of sepals from an inner whorl of petals, the sepals and petals have similar appearance (as in Lilium). The term was proposed by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1827 and was constructed by analogy with the terms "petal" and "sepal". (De Candolle used the term perigonium or perigone for the tepals collectively; the term is since used as a synonym for perianth.)

Terete
Terete is a term in botany used to describe a cross section that is circular, or like a distorted circle, with a single surface wrapping around it. That is usually contrasted with cross-sections that are flattened, with a distinct upper surface that is different from the lower surface. The cross-section of a branch in a tree is somewhat round, so the branch is terete. The cross section of a normal leaf has an upper surface, and a lower surface, so the leaf is not terete. However, the fleshy leaves of succulents are sometimes terete. Fruticose lichens are terete, with a roughly circular cross section and a single wrap-around skin-like surface called the cortex, compared to foliose lichens and crustose lichens, which have a flattened cross section with an upper surface that is distinct from the lower surface.

Plants and lichens may also be described as subterete, meaning that they are not completely terete.
EDP Group
EDP (formerly EDP - Energias de Portugal and Electricidade de Portugal) is a Portuguese electric utilities company, headquartered in Lisbon founded in 1976 through the merger of 14 nationalised electricity companies.

Sonae
Sonae is a multinational business group headquartered in Maia, Portugal. It operates in 90 countries, working in various sectors, among which retail (food, electronics, and fashion), real estate, media and telecommunications, technology investments, and financial services stand out.

It is the largest private employer in Portugal, with a total of 48,222 employees. On February 17, 2022, the company's CEO, Cláudia Azevedo, announced a restructuring of the company's image and its respective subsidiaries.

Sonae is listed on the Euronext PSI-20 in Lisbon, with the code SON.
Apollon Limassol FC
Apollon Limassol FC (Greek: Απόλλων Λεμεσού, Apollon Lemesou) is a Cypriot sports club, based in Limassol. It has football, basketball and volleyball teams. Founded in 1954, Apollon FC currently plays in the Cypriot First Division and has won the championship title four times, the cup nine times and the Super Cup four times.

2013–14 Cypriot Cup
The 2013–14 Cypriot Cup was the 72nd edition of the Cypriot Cup. A total of 30 clubs entered the competition. It began on 23 October 2013 with the first round and concluded on 21 May 2014 with the final which was held at GSP Stadium. APOEL won their 20th Cypriot Cup trophy after beating Ermis Aradippou 2–0 in the final.
Anti–Corn Law League
The Anti–Corn Law League was a successful political movement in Great Britain aimed at the abolition of the unpopular Corn Laws, which protected national farming interests by levying taxes on imported wheat, thus raising the price of bread at a time when factory-owners were trying to cut wages. The League was a middle-class nationwide organisation that held many well-attended rallies on the premise that a crusade was needed to convince parliament to repeal the corn laws. Its long-term goals included the removal of feudal privileges, which it denounced as impeding progress, lowering economic well-being, and restricting freedom.

The League played little role in the final act in 1846, when Sir Robert Peel led the successful battle for repeal. However, its experience provided a model that was widely adopted in Britain and other democratic nations to demonstrate the organisation of a political pressure group with the popular base.

Joseph Brotherton
Joseph Brotherton (22 May 1783 – 7 January 1857) was an English reforming politician, Bible Christian minister, and a pioneering vegetarian activist. He was Salford's first MP and has been described as the first vegetarian member of parliament.
Cyrenaica province
Cyrenaica province is one of the three traditional Provinces of Libya. It was a formal province from 1934 until 1963, when it was subdivided into the Governorates of Libya. Its capital was the city of Benghazi. Between 1911 and 1934 it had been the separately governed colony of Italian Cyrenaica.

In 1963 the province was split into:

Bayda Governorate

Benghazi Governorate

Darnah Governorate

Fezzan province
Fezzan province is one of the three traditional Provinces of Libya. It was a formal province from 1934 until 1963, when it was subdivided into the Governorates of Libya. Its capital was the city of Sabha.

In 1963, the province was split into:

Awbari Governorate

Gharian Governorate

Sabha Governorate
Nenets Autonomous Okrug
The Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Russian: Не́нецкий автоно́мный о́круг; Nenets: Ненэцие" автономной округ’, romanized: Nyeneciye” awtonomnoy okruk’) also known as Nenetsia (Russian: Нене́ция [nʲɪˈnʲet͡sɨjə]) is a federal subject of Russia and an autonomous okrug of Arkhangelsk Oblast. Its administrative center is the town of Naryan-Mar. It has an area of 176,700 square kilometers (68,200 sq mi) and a population of 42,090 as of the 2010 Census, making it the least populous federal subject. It is the only federal subject of Russia that is divided into only one district.

A plan to merge the autonomous okrug with Arkhangelsk Oblast was presented by the governors of both federal subjects on 13 May 2020, with a referendum planned for September, but was met with opposition by locals,
leading to the merger process being scrapped completely.

Bashkortostan
Bashkortostan, officially the Republic of Bashkortostan, sometimes also called Bashkiria, is a republic of Russia between the Volga river and the Ural Mountains in Eastern Europe. The republic borders Perm Krai to the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast to the northeast, Chelyabinsk Oblast to the east, Orenburg Oblast to the south, Tatarstan to the west and Udmurtia to the northwest. It covers 143,600 square kilometres (55,400 square miles). It is the seventh-most populous federal subject in Russia and the most populous republic. Its capital and largest city is Ufa. As of 2025, it has a population of 4,046,094.

Bashkortostan was established on 28 November [O.S. 15 November] 1917. On 20 March 1919, it was transformed into the Bashkir ASSR, the first autonomous republic in the Russian SFSR. On 11 October 1990, it adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty. In the Constitution of Bashkortostan and Constitution of Russia, Bashkortostan is defined as a state.
Tanganyika Province
Tanganyika (Swahili: Jimbo la Tanganyika) is one of the 26 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo created in the 2015 repartitioning. Tanganyika, Haut-Katanga, Haut-Lomami and Lualaba provinces are the result of the splitting up of the former Katanga province. Tanganyika was formed from the Tanganyika district whose town of Kalemie was elevated to capital city of the new province.

The new province's territory corresponds to the historic Nord-Katanga province that existed in the early period of post-colonial Democratic Republic of the Congo between 1962 and 1966.

Lomami Province
Lomami is one of the 21 newest provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo created in the 2015 repartitioning.  Lomami, Kasaï-Oriental, and Sankuru provinces are the result of the dismemberment of the former Kasaï-Oriental province.  Lomami was formed from the Kabinda district and the independently administered city of Mwene-Ditu.  The town of Kabinda was elevated to capital city of the new province.
Southern dog-faced bat
The southern dog-faced bat (Cynomops planirostris),  is a bat species of the family Molossidae. It is found in northern Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Paraguay, Suriname and Venezuela.

Big bonneted bat
The big bonneted bat, or Dabbene's mastiff bat (Eumops dabbenei), is a species of bat in the family Molossidae, native to South America. It is named for a former conservator at the Buenos Aires National Museum.
Manjaro
Manjaro (/mænˈdʒɑːroʊ/ man-JA-row) is a free and open-source Linux distribution based on the Arch Linux operating system with a focus on user-friendliness, accessibility, and improved software testing and stability compared to its upstream sources. It uses a rolling release update model with Pacman-derived package managers. Manjaro is developed mainly in Austria, France and Germany.

Reviewers often describe Manjaro Linux as a Linux distribution that is easy to set up and use, suitable for both beginners and experienced users. It is recommended as an easy and friendly way to install and maintain a cutting-edge Arch-derived distribution. Some reviewers find appeal in the large range of contributed software available in the Arch User Repository (AUR), which has a reputation for being kept up to date from upstream resources. Others highlight the wide selection of official and community editions with different desktop environments.

PostmarketOS
postmarketOS (abbreviated as pmOS) is an operating system primarily for smartphones, based on the Alpine Linux distribution. Developed since 2016, it was launched in 2017, and continues to be a work in progress.

It is capable of running different X and Wayland based user interfaces, such as Plasma Mobile, MATE, GNOME, and XFCE; later updates added support for Unity8 and Phosh. It is also capable of running Docker, if the device specific kernel has cgroups and relevant configs enabled. The project aims to provide a ten-year lifecycle for smartphones.
Jharkhand
Jharkhand (Hindi: Jhārkhaṇḍ, pronounced [d͡ʒʱaːɾkʰəɳɖ] ⓘ; lit. 'the land of forests') is a landlocked state in eastern India. The state shares borders with the states of West Bengal to the east, Chhattisgarh to the west, Uttar Pradesh to the northwest, Bihar to the north and Odisha to the south. It is the 15th largest state by area, and the 14th largest by population. Hindi is the official language of the state. The city of Ranchi is its capital, and Dumka its sub-capital. The state is known for its waterfalls, hills and holy places; Baidyanath Dham, Parasnath, Dewri and Rajrappa are major religious sites. As per 2011 census, Jharkhand is primarily rural, with about 24% of its population living in cities.

Jharkhand suffers from what is sometimes termed a resource curse: it accounts for more than 40% of India's mineral production but 39.1% of its population is below the poverty line and 19.6% of children under five years of age are malnourished.

Indian Police Service
The Indian Police Service (IPS) is a civil service under the All India Services. It replaced the Indian Imperial Police in 1948, a year after India became independent from the British Empire.

Along with the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFS), the IPS is part of the All India Services – its officers are employed by both the Union Government and by individual states governments.

The service provides leadership to various state and central police forces, including the Central Armed Police Forces (BSF, SSB, CRPF, CISF, and ITBP), the National Security Guard (NSG), Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB), National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), Intelligence Bureau (IB), Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), Special Protection Group (SPG), National Investigation Agency (NIA), and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).
Rethem
Rethem (German: [ˈʁeːtəm] ⓘ) is a town in the Heidekreis in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the river Aller, approx. 25 km southwest of Bad Fallingbostel, and 18 km southeast of Verden.  The town was the scene of heavy fighting over the period 10–11 April 1945 between units of the British 53rd Welsh Division and parts of the German 2. Marine-Infanterie-Division with heavy losses on both sides. Most of the German soldiers were not older than 23 years.

Rethem is the seat of the Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") Rethem/Aller.

Hodenhagen
Hodenhagen is a municipality in the district of Heidekreis, in Lower Saxony, Germany. The town was once the site of Hudemühlen Castle, which is now destroyed. The castle was famous as the home of the kobold Hinzelmann. The site of another medieval castle, Hodenhagen Castle on the River Meiße, is also located nearby. Serengeti Park, an amusement park with a safari theme, is located within the municipality.
Club Guaraní
Club Guaraní is a Paraguayan professional football club, based in the neighbourhood of Pinozá in outer Asunción.

Founded in 1903, it is one of the oldest and one of the most successful in the country, with eleven Primera División titles, and has never been relegated to a lower division.

Club Atlético Colegiales (Paraguay)
Club Atlético Colegiales, known as Atlético Colegiales or simply Colegiales, is a football club from the Cuatro Mojones neighborhood in Lambaré, Paraguay. It was founded in 1977 by the Zacarías family. The team currently plays in Primera División B Metropolitana, one of the third tier leagues in the Paraguayan football league system, following its relegation from División Intermedia at the end of the 2024 season.
Ulster Museum
The Ulster Museum, located in the Botanic Gardens in Belfast, has around 8,000 square metres (90,000 sq. ft.) of public display space, featuring material from the collections of fine art and applied art, archaeology, ethnography, treasures from the Spanish Armada, local history, numismatics, industrial archaeology, botany, zoology and geology. It is the largest museum in Northern Ireland, and one of the components of National Museums Northern Ireland.

Queen's Quarter, Belfast
Queen's Quarter (also known as the University Quarter) is the southernmost quarter in Belfast, Northern Ireland and named after Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland's largest university. The Quarter is centred on the Lanyon Building, the University's most prominent building, designed by architect Sir Charles Lanyon, while Botanic Avenue, Stranmillis Road, University Road and Malone Road are the main thoroughfares through the area. The Quarter encompasses a region bounded by the Ormeau Road, the Holylands and Stranmillis Embankment to the east and the Lisburn Road to the west.
Lipaphis erysimi
Lipaphis erysimi is a species of aphid of the family Aphididae. Its common names include mustard aphid and turnip aphid. It is found in most temperate and tropical areas of the world and feeds only on cruciferous plants. The insects are almost exclusively female and are very prolific, with wingless females producing around one hundred young during a lifespan of a few weeks.

Schizaphis graminum
The greenbug, or wheat aphid (Schizaphis graminum), is an aphid in the superfamily Aphidoidea in the order Hemiptera. It is a true bug and feeds on the leaves of Gramineae (grass) family members.

Its original distribution is the Palaearctic, but it has been introduced to other parts of the world. It is one of about 40 recognized Schizaphis species worldwide.