hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alexei Mozhaev
Alexei Vasilievich Mozhaev (Russian: Алексе́й Васи́льевич Можа́ев, Alexej Vasiljevič Možajev; 5 October 1918 – 23 January 1994) was a Soviet Russian painter, graphic artist, and art teacher, lived and worked in Leningrad, a member of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists (before 1992 known as the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation), regarded as a representative of the Leningrad school of painting, most famous for his portrait painting.

Vera Nazina
Vera Ivanovna Nazina (Russian: Ве́ра Ива́новна На́зина; born 26 April 1931) is a Soviet Russian painter, graphic artist. Living and working in Saint Petersburg, she is a member of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists (before 1992, the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation), and is regarded as one of representatives of the Leningrad school of painting.
Theodore von Kármán
Theodore von Kármán (Hungarian: (szőllőskislaki) Kármán Tódor [(søːløːʃkiʃlɒki) ˈkaːrmaːn ˈtoːdor], May 11, 1881 – May 6, 1963) was a Hungarian-American mathematician, aerospace engineer, and physicist who worked in aeronautics and astronautics. He was responsible for crucial advances in aerodynamics characterizing supersonic and hypersonic airflow. The human-defined threshold of outer space is named the "Kármán line" in recognition of his work. Kármán is regarded as an outstanding aerodynamic theoretician of the 20th century.

Aerojet
Aerojet was an American rocket and missile propulsion manufacturer based primarily in Rancho Cordova, California, with divisions in Redmond, Washington, Orange and Gainesville in Virginia, and Camden, Arkansas. Aerojet was owned by GenCorp, Inc., In 2013, Aerojet was merged by GenCorp with the former Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne to form Aerojet Rocketdyne.
Matsumoto Yamaga FC
Matsumoto Yamaga Football Club (松本山雅フットボールクラブ, Matsumoto Yamaga Futtobōru Kurabu) or simply Matsumoto Yamaga (松本山雅FC, Matsumoto Yamaga Efu Shī) is a Japanese football (soccer) club based in the city of Matsumoto, located in the Nagano Prefecture. The club currently plays in the J3 League, Japanese third tier of professional football.

V-Varen Nagasaki
V-Varen Nagasaki (V・ファーレン長崎, Bi Fāren Nagasaki) is a Japanese professional football club based in Nagasaki, Capital of Nagasaki Prefecture. They will be competing in the J1 League, Japan’s top-tier professional football league, starting in the 2026–27 season after securing promotion from J2 in 2025.
Stephen Kearney
Stephen Peter Kearney ONZM (born 11 June 1972) is a New Zealand professional rugby league football coach who until 2020 was the head coach of the New Zealand Warriors in the NRL and a former player.

A New Zealand national captain and second-row forward, Kearney's club football career, which spanned from the early 1990s to the mid-2000s, was played for the Randwick Kingfishers, Western Suburbs Magpies, Auckland Warriors, Melbourne Storm (with whom he won the 1999 NRL Premiership), and Hull F.C. (with whom he won the 2005 Challenge Cup).

Kearney was previously the head coach of the New Zealand national team, with whom he won the 2008 World Cup and 2011 Four Nations tournaments. He also previously coached the Parramatta Eels in the National Rugby League.

Jason Williams (rugby league, born 1966)
Jason Paul Williams (born 23 April 1966) is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s. A New Zealand international representative winger, he played his club football in Australia for Sydney's Western Suburbs Magpies, Eastern Suburbs Roosters, South Sydney Rabbitohs, Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs and the Penrith Panthers as well as in England for Salford. Williams played 145 games in the Australian competition from 1987–88 and 1991–98, scoring a total of 63 tries and winning the 1995 ARL Premiership with the Canterbury club. Williams played in 12 test matches for New Zealand between 1991 and 1995, scoring one try. He played in one non-test international on the 1993 Kiwis tour against Wales and two World Cup matches (1991, 1995).
Buddy Baker
Elzie Wylie "Buddy" Baker Jr. (January 25, 1941 – August 10, 2015) was an American professional stock car racing driver and commentator. Over the course of his 33-year racing career, he won 19 races in the NASCAR Cup Series, including the 1980 Daytona 500. Known by the nickname "Gentle Giant", Baker was noted for his prowess at NASCAR's superspeedways, Daytona and Talladega, at which he won a combined six races. After his racing career, he worked as a broadcaster and co-hosted a number of radio shows on Sirius XM.

Maurice Petty
Maurice Petty (March 27, 1939 – July 25, 2020) was an American NASCAR crew chief and engine builder for Petty Enterprises, of which he was part owner.  He was inducted into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame in 2011.  He was subsequently enshrined into the NASCAR Hall of Fame in 2014.  He was the first engine builder to be inducted into that Hall.
St. Louis Maroons/Indianapolis Hoosiers
The St. Louis Maroons were a professional baseball club based in St. Louis, Missouri, from 1884 to 1886.  The club, established by Henry Lucas, were the one near-major league quality entry in the Union Association, a league that lasted only one season, due in large part to the dominance of the Maroons.  When the UA folded after playing just one season, the Maroons joined the National League.  In 1887 the Maroons relocated to Indianapolis and became the Indianapolis Hoosiers, where they played three more seasons before folding.

Kansas City Cowboys (National League)
The Kansas City Cowboys were a National League baseball team that played one season in 1886. They played at League Park and finished with a 30–91 record. They finished in seventh place, ahead of another new team, the Washington Nationals. They were not connected to the Union Association Cowboys.

The Cowboys were admitted to the National League on a trial basis for the 1886 season. The team went out of business in February, 1887, having been forced to sell its players back to the league for $6,000. They were replaced in the league by Pittsburgh, which moved to the league from the American Association.
Richard Lee I
Richard Lee I (c. 1618 – 1 March 1664) was an English-born merchant, planter and politician who was the first member of the Lee family to live in America. Poor when he arrived in the colony of Virginia in 1639, Lee may have been both the colony's wealthiest inhabitant and as its largest landholder by the time of his death, owning 15,000 acres (23 sq mi) in Virginia and Maryland. In addition to holding several important government and military posts, he became a merchant, planter and politician and served a term in the House of Burgesses. He managed to negotiate several major political upheavals for his economic gain.

Laetitia Corbin Lee
Laetitia Corbin Lee (August 25, 1657 – October 6, 1706) was an American colonist. She was the daughter of Henry Corbin, one of the most powerful and influential political leaders in the Colony of Virginia. In 1674 she married the politician Richard Lee II, and joined the prominent Lee family of Virginia. The Maryland branch of the Lee family descends from her through her son, Philip Lee of Blenheim Plantation. Another of her sons, Thomas, built Stratford Hall, the future family seat of the Lees.
2012 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup
The 2012 Pan-American Volleyball Cup was the eleventh edition of the annual women's volleyball tournament, played by twelve countries in July 2012 in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico, after Lima, Peru, withdrew from hosting it. The top four NORCECA teams and the top from CSV confederation, in addition to Brazil, which was a wild card, qualified for the 2013 FIVB World Grand Prix.

2014 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup
The 2014 Pan-American Volleyball Cup was the thirteenth edition of the annual women's volleyball tournament, played by twelve countries over June, 2014 in Mexico City, Mexico.

The Dominican Republic defeated 3–1 to the United States to win their third competition's gold medal. Among the NORCECA, the USA team was already qualified to the FIVB World Grand Prix as wild cards, while the Dominican Republic qualified to the 2015 group I, Puerto Rico, Cuba and Canada to the group II and Mexico will play the 2015 FIVB World Grand Prix group III. Brazil as wild card was already qualified to the group I while Argentina qualified to the group II and Colombia will play the group III.
Battle of Gvozd Mountain
The Battle of Gvozd Mountain took place in 1097 and was fought between the army of Petar Snačić and King Coloman I of Hungary. It was a decisive Hungarian victory, which ended the War of the Croatian Succession and served as a turning point in Croatian history.

Mala Kapela
Mala Kapela (pronounced [mâːlaː kǎpɛla], lit. Small Chapel) is a mountain range in Croatia, part of the Dinaric Alps. It stretches in the direction northwest–southeast, and it extends from the mountain pass called "Kapela" or "Vrh Kapele" (alt. 887 m), that separates it from Velika Kapela, down to the mountain pass that connects Otočac and Plitvice and from then on to Plješevica. The highest peak is Seliški vrh at 1279 meters, located in the southern part of the mountain. The Mala Kapela Tunnel goes through the northern section of the mountain.
Heath–Jarrow–Morton framework
The Heath–Jarrow–Morton (HJM) framework is a general framework to model the evolution of interest rate curves – instantaneous forward rate curves in particular (as opposed to simple forward rates). When the volatility and drift of the instantaneous forward rate are assumed to be deterministic, this is known as the Gaussian Heath–Jarrow–Morton (HJM) model of forward rates.: 394  For direct modeling of simple forward rates the Brace–Gatarek–Musiela model represents an example.

The HJM framework originates from the work of David Heath, Robert A. Jarrow, and Andrew Morton in the late 1980s, especially Bond pricing and the term structure of interest rates: a new methodology (1987) – working paper, Cornell University, and Bond pricing and the term structure of interest rates: a new methodology (1989) – working paper (revised ed.), Cornell University. It has its critics, however, with Paul Wilmott describing it as "...actually just a big rug for [mistakes] to be swept under".

Cox–Ingersoll–Ross model
In mathematical finance, the Cox–Ingersoll–Ross (CIR) model describes the evolution of interest rates. It is a type of "one factor model" (short-rate model) as it describes interest rate movements as driven by only one source of market risk. The model can be used in the valuation of interest rate derivatives. It was introduced in 1985 by John C. Cox, Jonathan E. Ingersoll and Stephen A. Ross as an extension of the Vasicek model, itself an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process.
Scottish Junior Cup
The Scottish Junior Cup is an annual football competition organised by the Scottish Junior Football Association (SJFA). The competition has been held every year since the inception of the SJFA on the 2nd October 1886 and, as of the 2023–24 edition, 112 teams compete in the tournament. The cup has an unseeded knockout format with no replays, semi-finals played over two legs, and the final usually played at a neutral venue of an SPFL club.

Since the 2006–07 season, the winner of the Junior Cup Final has qualified for the following season's senior Scottish Cup. The competition is named the Clydebuilt Home Improvements Scottish Junior Cup for sponsorship reasons.

Johnstone Burgh are the current holders, having defeated Tranent on penalties in the final on 1 June 2025 at Broadwood Stadium, to win the trophy for the third time.

Petershill F.C.
Petershill Football Club are a Scottish football club from Springburn in the north of Glasgow. Nicknamed the Peasy, they were formed in 1897 and are traditionally one of the stronger clubs at their level, although they have not been as successful in recent years as they have been historically.

They play at New Petershill Park: a modern stadium with a capacity of 2,000 including a 562 all-seated stand. Petershill currently compete in the West of Scotland League First Division. The colours of their strip are maroon and white.

An unrelated senior club also named Petershill operated in Springburn between 1877 and 1883 and participated in the early Scottish Cup seasons, before merging with Northern; the year of Northern's subsequent dissolution was 1897, the same as the formation of Petershill, albeit the club history does not mention any link to Northern, nor to Cowlairs, another former SFL team in Springburn which had folded in 1896.

The club share a healthy rivalry with Maryhill.
Alain Finkielkraut
Alain Luc Finkielkraut (French: [alɛ̃ finkɛlkʁot]; Yiddish: [fɪŋkiːlˈkʁaʊ̯t];  born 30 June 1949) is a French essayist, radio producer, and public intellectual. Since 1986, he has been the host of Répliques, a talk show broadcast weekly on France Culture. He was elected a Fellow of the Académie Française in 2014.

André Glucksmann
André Glucksmann (French: [ɡlyksman]; 19 June 1937 – 10 November 2015) was a French philosopher, activist, and writer. He was a leading figure of the new philosophers. Glucksmann began his career as a Marxist, who went on to reject Marxism–Leninism and real socialism in the popular book La Cuisinière et le Mangeur d'Hommes (1975), and later became an anti-Communist and outspoken critic of the Soviet Union and post-Soviet Russian foreign policy. He was a strong supporter of human rights. In later years, he opposed the claim that Islamic terrorism is the product of the clash of civilizations between Islam and the Western world.
Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer
Semmangudi Radhakrishna Srinivasa Iyer (25 July 1908 – 31 October 2003) was an Indian Carnatic vocalist. He was the youngest recipient of the Sangeetha Kalanidhi awarded by the Music Academy in 1947, a distinction he holds to this day as of 2024, being the only musician to receive that honour before reaching 40. He had received many other awards as well, including Padma Bhushan and Padma Vibhushan from the Government of India, Rajyasevanirata title from Travancore's erstwhile ruling family, Sangeet Natak Academy award (1953), Isai Perarignar from Government of Tamil Nadu and Kalidas Samman from Government of Madhya Pradesh. He was affectionately addressed as "Semmangudi Maama" (Semmangudi Uncle) by his disciples.  He was also considered the "Pitamaha" or the grand sire of modern Carnatic Music. He was conferred with an honorary doctorate by University of Kerala in 1979.

M. D. Ramanathan
Manjapara Devesa Bhagavathar Ramanathan (20 May 1923 – 27 April 1984) was a Carnatic music composer and vocalist who created a distinctive style of singing rich in Bhava and Laya.  He was considered for the Madras Music Academy's Sangeetha Kalanidhi award in 1983. However, the award for that year was given to Sripada Pinakapani.
77th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)
The 77th Street station (also known as 77th Street–Lenox Hill Hospital) is a local station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line of the New York City Subway, located at the intersection of Lexington Avenue and 77th Street on the Upper East Side of Manhattan. It is served by the 6 train at all times, the <6> train during weekdays in the peak direction, and the 4 train during late nights.

This station was constructed as part of the Dual Contracts by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company and opened in 1918. The station was renovated in the 1950s, and from 2002 to 2004.

96th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)
The 96th Street station is a local station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of Lexington Avenue and 96th Street in the Carnegie Hill and East Harlem neighborhoods of Manhattan, it is served by the 6 train at all times, the <6> train during weekdays in the peak direction, and the 4 train during late nights.

This station was constructed as part of the Dual Contracts by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company and opened in 1918. It was renovated in the 1990s.
Abkhaz language
Abkhaz, also known as Abkhazian, is a Northwest Caucasian language most closely related to Abaza. It is spoken mostly by the Abkhaz people. It is one of the official languages of Abkhazia, where around 190,000 people speak it. Furthermore, it is spoken by thousands of members of the Abkhazian diaspora in Turkey, Georgia's autonomous republic of Adjara, Syria, Jordan, and several Western countries. 27 October is the day of the Abkhazian language in Georgia.

Lak language
Lak (лакку маз, [lakːu maz]) is a Northeast Caucasian language forming its own branch within the family. It is the language of the Lak people from the Russian autonomous republic of Dagestan, where it is one of six official languages. It is spoken by about 157,000 people.
Ann Thongprasom
Anne Thongprasom (Thai: แอน ทองประสม; born 1 November 1976) is a Thai actress, model and producer who was the lead actress in many Thai series during the 2000s. She had the lead role in the 2004 romantic melodrama The Letter: Jod Mai Rak.

Theeradej Wongpuapan
Theeradej Wongpuapan (Ken) (Thai: ธีรเดช วงศ์พัวพันธ์) (born December 3, 1977, in Bangkok, Thailand), is a Thai actor and presenter. His father, also an actor in Thailand, persuaded him to start his career in acting.

Theeradej is currently one of Thailand's most popular actors. He gained popularity after his work in the series called Song Rao Nirun Dorn. All his projects from that point on, TV dramas, movies and even TV commercials, have become popular among Thais.

According to the Suan Dusit poll, Theeradej was voted the most popular Thai male star six years in a row from 2006 to 2011 and was honored the Most Popular Star Hall of Fame in 2012, along with Thongchai McIntyre & Pachrapa Chaichua.

He received the Golden Television Awards for Best Leading Actor a record four times for his work in Ey Mah Lek (2002), Song Rao Nirun Dorn (2005), Sawan Biang (2008) and Sood Sanaeha (2009).
Ōmuta, Fukuoka
Ōmuta (Japanese: 大牟田市, Hepburn: Ōmuta-shi) is a city in Fukuoka Prefecture on the island of Kyūshū, Japan.  As of December 31, 2023, the city had an estimated population of 106,393 in 55,373 households, and a  population density of 1,300 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 81.45 km2 (31.45 sq mi).

Kumamoto
Kumamoto (熊本市, Kumamoto-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [kɯ.ma.mo.to, -toꜜ.ɕi]) is the capital city of Kumamoto Prefecture on the island of Kyushu, Japan. As of June 1, 2019, the city has an estimated population of 738,907 and a population density of 1,893 people per km2. The total area is 390.32 km2.

Greater Kumamoto (熊本都市圏) had a population of 1,461,000, as of the 2000 census. As of 2010, Kumamoto Metropolitan Employment Area has a GDP of US$39.8 billion. It is not considered part of the Fukuoka–Kitakyushu metropolitan area, despite their shared border. The city was designated on April 1, 2012, by government ordinance.
Scott Sharp
Scott Sharp (born February 14, 1968) is an American professional racing driver in the United SportsCar Championship. He is the son of six-time SCCA champion Bob Sharp. Sharp is best known for his years as a competitor in the Indy Racing League.

Jörg Bergmeister
Jörg Bergmeister (born 13 February 1976 in Leverkusen) is a former racing driver from Germany and an ambassador of Porsche.

His late father, Willi Bergmeister, owned a workshop and dealership where Michael Schumacher learned his trade as a car mechanic in the 1980s.

Since 1996, Bergmeister has raced in the Porsche Carrera Cup. In 2006 he won the Grand-American Rolex Series Championship. He also won the 2003 24 Hours of Daytona overall in a Porsche 911 GT3-RS. His most recent achievement is a win at the 24 Hours of Daytona in the GT Class with TRG.

Bergmeister also won the Porsche Supercup in 2001, and the German Cup in 2000. He is one of the tallest sport car drivers at 6'4". He also has a degree in economics. As of 2010, he drives for Flying Lizard Motorsports in the American Le Mans Series and the 24 Hours of Le Mans and BMS Scuderia Italia in the FIA GT2 European Championship.
Papyrus 74
Papyrus 74 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), designated by 𝔓74, is a copy of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the Acts of the Apostles and Catholic epistles with lacunae. The manuscript paleographically had been assigned to the 7th century.

Minuscule 453
Minuscule 453 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), A πρ40 (in the Soden numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on a parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th century. 
Formerly it was labelled by 81a.
David George (Baptist)
David George (c. 1742–1810) was an African-American Baptist preacher and a Black Loyalist from the American South who escaped to British lines in Savannah, Georgia; later he accepted transport to Nova Scotia and land there. He eventually resettled in Freetown, Sierra Leone where he would eventually die.
With other enslaved people, George founded the Silver Bluff Baptist Church in South Carolina in 1775, the first black congregation in the present-day United States. He was later affiliated with the First African Baptist Church of Savannah, Georgia. After migration, he founded Baptist congregations in Nova Scotia and Freetown, Sierra Leone. George wrote an account of his life, an important early slave narrative.

Moses Wilkinson
Moses "Daddy Moses" Wilkinson or "Old Moses" (c. 1746/47 – ?) was an American Wesleyan Methodist preacher and Black Loyalist. His ministry combined Old Testament divination with African religious traditions such as conjuring and sorcery. He gained freedom from slavery in Virginia during the American Revolutionary War and was a Wesleyan Methodist preacher in New York and Nova Scotia. In 1791, he migrated to Sierra Leone, preaching alongside ministers Boston King and Henry Beverhout. There, he established the first Methodist church in Settler Town and survived a rebellion in 1800.
Marita Koch
Marita Koch (later Meier-Koch; born 18 February 1957) is a German former sprint track and field athlete. During her career she set 16 world records in outdoor sprints as well as 14 world records in indoor events. Her record of 47.60 in the 400 metres, set on 6 October 1985, still stands.

4 × 400 metres relay
The 4 × 400 metres relay or long relay is an athletics track event in which teams consist of four runners who each complete 400 metres or one lap, totaling 1600 meters. It is traditionally the final event of a track meet. The first leg and the first bend of the second leg are run in lanes. Start lines are thus staggered over a greater distance than in an individual 400 metres race; the runners then typically move to the inside of the track. The slightly longer 4 × 440 yards relay, on an Imperial distance, was a formerly run British Commonwealth and American event, until metrication was completed in the 1970s.
Plaintext
In cryptography, plaintext usually means unencrypted information pending input into cryptographic algorithms, usually encryption algorithms. This usually refers to data that is transmitted or stored unencrypted.

Padding (cryptography)
In cryptography, padding is any of a number of distinct practices which all include adding data to the beginning, middle, or end of a message prior to encryption. In classical cryptography, padding may include adding nonsense phrases to a message to obscure the fact that many messages end in predictable ways, e.g. sincerely yours.