hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Courland Pocket
The Courland Pocket was a pocket located on the Courland Peninsula in Latvia on the Eastern Front of World War II from 9 October 1944 to 10 May 1945.

Army Group North of the Wehrmacht were surrounded in western Latvia by the Red Army after the Baltic Offensive, when forces of the 1st Baltic Front reached the Baltic Sea near Memel (Klaipėda) after the collapse of Army Group Centre during Operation Bagration. Army Group North retreated to the Courland Pocket and was renamed Army Group Courland on 25 January, holding off six Red Army offensives until the German Instrument of Surrender was signed on 8 May 1945. Army Group Courland were in a communication "blackout" and did not get the official order until 10 May, becoming one of the last German groups to surrender in Europe.

43rd Army
The 43rd Army (Russian: 43-я армия) was a Red Army field army of World War II that served on the Eastern Front. Formed in late July 1941, the army fought in the Battle of Smolensk (1941). It was forced to retreat after German troops broke through in October 1941 and subsequently fought in the Battle of Moscow. The army then fought in the Rzhev-Vyazma Offensive. After the end of the offensive, the army held its positions and transferred to the Demidov area in late 1942. It fought in the Battle of Smolensk (1943). During the summer of 1944, the army fought in Operation Bagration. In the fall the army advanced into the Baltic region and fought in the Riga Offensive (1944) and the Battle of Memel. In 1945 the army fought in the East Prussian Offensive before being placed in reserve near the end of April. The 43rd Army was disbanded postwar in July 1946.
Spas-Demensk
Spas-Demensk (Russian: Спас-Де́менск) is a town and the administrative center of Spas-Demensky District in Kaluga Oblast, Russia, located on the Demena River (an arm of the Ugra) 197 kilometers (122 mi) west of Kaluga, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 4,569 (2021 Census); 4,896 (2010 Census); 5,296 (2002 Census); 6,239 (1989 Soviet census).

49th Combined Arms Army
The 49th Combined Arms Army (Russian: 49-я общевойсковая армия) is a combined arms (field) army (CAA) of the Russian Ground Forces, formed in 2010 and headquartered in Stavropol. Military Unit в/ч 35181.

Part of the Southern Military District, the army traces its heritage back to the Soviet Red Army's 49th Army, formed in 1941 after the German invasion of the Soviet Union in World War II. The 49th Army served through the entire war and was disbanded postwar in the summer of 1945.
Josh Morgan
Joshua Lewis Morgan (born June 20, 1985) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the San Francisco 49ers in the sixth round of the 2008 NFL draft.  He played college football for the Virginia Tech Hokies. He also played for the Washington Redskins and Chicago Bears.

Joe Nedney
Joseph Thomas Nedney (born March 22, 1973) is an American former professional football player who was a placekicker in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at San Jose State and signed as an undrafted player with the Miami Dolphins in 1996. Nedney played for the San Francisco 49ers from 2005 to 2010 after having played for the Dolphins, Arizona Cardinals, Baltimore Ravens, Oakland Raiders, Denver Broncos, Carolina Panthers, and Tennessee Titans.
Suicide Silence
Suicide Silence is an American deathcore band from Riverside, California. The band was established in 2002, and has released seven studio albums, three EPs, and nineteen music videos. They were awarded the Revolver Golden God award for "Best New Talent" in 2009. The group currently consists of guitarists Chris Garza and Mark Heylmun, bassist Dan Kenny, vocalist Hernan "Eddie" Hermida and drummer Ernie Iniguez.

Loudwire designated Suicide Silence as being among deathcore's "Big Four", along with Whitechapel, Thy Art is Murder and Job for a Cowboy.

Upon a Burning Body
Upon a Burning Body is an American metalcore band from San Antonio, Texas, formed in 2005. It currently consists of vocalist Danny Leal, guitarist Ruben Alvarez and bassist Thomas Alvarez.

After releasing their debut album The World Is Ours in 2010, they followed it up with their second studio album, Red. White. Green., which debuted at No. 105 on the Billboard 200 in 2012. Their third studio album The World Is My Enemy Now, released on August 12, 2014, performed even better, debuting at No. 39 on the Billboard 200 of that year. In the same year, they joined Five Finger Death Punch on their tour as a support act. The band released their fourth studio album Straight from the Barrio on October 28, 2016. The band is currently independent as of 2023.
Lamitan
Lamitan, officially the City of Lamitan (Chavacano: Ciudad de Lamitan; Yakan: Siyudad Lamitanin; Tausūg: Dāira sin Lamitan; Filipino: Lungsod ng Lamitan), is a  component city and de jure capital of the province of Basilan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 100,150 people.

The city is bounded on the east by the municipality of Tuburan, on the south by Tipo-Tipo, on the west by Isabela and on the north by Basilan Strait.

Bogo, Cebu
Bogo [boˈɡo], officially the City of Bogo (Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Bogo; Hiligaynon: Dakbanwa sang Bogo; Filipino: Lungsod ng Bogo), is a component city in the province of Cebu, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 90,187 people.
East India Squadron
The East India Squadron, or East Indies Squadron, was a squadron of American ships that existed in the nineteenth century. It focused on protecting American interests in the Far East, while the Pacific Squadron concentrated on the western coasts of the Americas and the South Pacific Ocean. Its duties included the Yangtze River Patrol in China. The East India Squadron was established in 1835 and existed until it became part of the Asiatic Squadron in 1868.

Second Sumatran expedition
The Second Sumatran expedition was a punitive expedition by the United States Navy against inhabitants of the island of Sumatra. After Malay warriors or pirates had massacred the crew of the American merchant ship Eclipse, an expedition of two American warships landed a force that defeated the Malays in two short engagements.
Bhadrakali
Bhadrakali (Sanskrit: भद्रकाली, romanized: Bhadrakālī, lit. 'auspicious Kali') is a fierce form of the Hindu supreme goddess Adi Shakti. She is worshipped predominantly in the South Indian state of Kerala and Nashik.

In Vaishnavism, Bhadrakali is among the many epithets of Yogamaya, the internal potency of illusion of the preserver deity, Vishnu. In some Shaiva traditions, she accompanies Virabhadra, a form of Shiva, as manifestations of Shiva's wrath.

Skandamata
Skandamata (Sanskrit: स्कन्दमाता, romanized: Skandamātā, lit. 'mother of Skanda') is a form of the Hindu goddess Mahadevi, venerated as the mother of the war god Kartikeya, also called Skanda. She is the fifth of the Navadurga, and is worshipped on the fifth day of Navaratri.
Amborella
Amborella is a monotypic genus of understory shrubs or small trees endemic to the main island, Grande Terre, of New Caledonia in the southwest Pacific Ocean. The genus is the only member of the family Amborellaceae and the order Amborellales and contains a single species, Amborella trichopoda. Amborella is of great interest to plant systematists because molecular phylogenetic analyses consistently place it as the sister group to all other flowering plants; as a result, it is critical for understanding angiosperm evolution. It is understood to be the most basal extant flowering plant, and is one of several groups treated as "basal angiosperms".

Achatocarpaceae
The Achatocarpaceae are a family of woody flowering plants consisting of two genera and 11 known species, and has been recognized by most taxonomists. The family is found from the southwestern United States south to tropical and subtropical South America.

The APG II system (2003; unchanged from the APG system of 1998) assigns it to the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots. It forms a clade together with Amaranthaceae and Caryophyllaceae, two very large families.
Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities
The Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities also called simply the Royal Academy of Letters or Vitterhetsakademien  abbreviated KVHAA (Swedish: Kungl. Vitterhetsakademien Historie och Antikvitets Akademien or Kungliga Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien or Vitterhetsakademien) is the Swedish royal academy for the Humanities. Its many publications include the archaeological and art historical journal Fornvännen, published since 1906.

British Academy
The British Academy for the Promotion of Historical, Philosophical and Philological Studies is the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and the social sciences.
It was established in 1902 and received its royal charter in the same year. It is now a fellowship of more than 1,000 leading scholars spanning all disciplines across the humanities and social sciences and a funding body for research projects across the United Kingdom. The academy is a self-governing and independent registered charity, based at 10–11 Carlton House Terrace in London.

The British Academy is primarily funded with annual government grants. In 2022, £49.3m of its £51.7m of charitable income came from the Department for Business, Energy, and Industrial Strategy – in the same year it took in around £2.0m in trading income and £0.56m in other income.  This funding is expected to continue under the new Department for Business and Trade.
Devils Elbow, Missouri
Devils Elbow is an unincorporated community in Pulaski County, Missouri, United States on historic U.S. Highway 66. It is situated on the Big Piney River and is named for a tight incised meander in the river known as a "devil of an elbow". The community is approximately five miles (8 km) east of St. Robert.

Interstate 44 in Missouri
Interstate 44 (I-44) in the US state of Missouri runs northeast from the Oklahoma state line near Joplin to I-70 in Downtown St. Louis. It runs for about 293 miles (472 km) in the state, and is the longest Interstate Highway in the state.
Battle of Langside
The Battle of Langside was fought on 13 May 1568 between forces loyal to Mary, Queen of Scots, and forces acting in the name of her infant son James VI. Mary’s short period of personal rule ended in 1567 in recrimination, intrigue, and disaster when, after her capture at Carberry Hill, she was forced to abdicate in favour of James VI. Mary was imprisoned in Lochleven Castle, while her Protestant half-brother, James Stewart, Earl of Moray, was appointed Regent on behalf of his nephew. In early May 1568 Mary escaped, heading west to the country of the Hamiltons, high among her remaining supporters, and the safety of Dumbarton Castle with the determination to restore her rights as queen. Mary was defeated and went into exile and captivity in England. The battle is generally considered the start of the Marian civil war.

Lords of the Congregation
The Lords of the Congregation (Scots: Lairds o the Congregatioun), originally styling themselves the Faithful, were a group of Protestant Scottish nobles who in the mid-16th century favoured a reformation of the Catholic church according to Protestant principles and a Scottish-English alliance. The Confederate Lords were nobles who opposed Mary, Queen of Scots, after she married the Earl of Bothwell.
Philadelphia Independence
The Philadelphia Independence was an American professional soccer club that was based in the Philadelphia suburb of Chester, Pennsylvania.  The team joined Women's Professional Soccer as an expansion team in 2010 and played its home games at West Chester University's John A. Farrell Stadium. The team played at Widener University's Leslie Quick Stadium in 2011.  The Women's Professional Soccer league folded on May 18, 2012, after an earlier announcement that the 2012 season would be suspended.

Washington Spirit
The Washington Spirit are an American professional soccer team based in Washington, D.C. that competes in the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). It is a continuation of the D.C. United Women of the W-League and continues to field both an amateur Women's Premier Soccer League (WPSL) team and a youth team, both under the Spirit name. The team has reached the NWSL Championship four times (2016, 2021, 2024, and 2025), winning once in 2021.
Roma Ostiense railway station
Roma Ostiense is a railway station in Piazza dei Partigiani serving the Ostiense district of Rome, Italy, a short distance from the Porta San Paolo. It is run by the Rete Ferroviaria Italiana arm of the Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane group and the commuter rail lines FL1, FL3, and FL5 run through the station. It is linked with the Piramide Metro B station and the Roma Porta San Paolo station on the Rome-Lido railway line.

Roma Trastevere railway station
Roma Trastevere railway station (Italian: Stazione di Roma Trastevere) is a major railway station serving the city and comune of Rome, Italy.  Opened in 1911, it forms part of the Pisa–Livorno–Rome, Rome–Fiumicino railways (FL1), Rome-Viterbo (FL3) and Rome-Civitavecchia (FL5).

The station is currently managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI).  However, the commercial area of the passenger building is managed by Centostazioni.  Train services are operated by Trenitalia.  Each of these companies is a subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato (FS), Italy's state-owned rail company.
Molar (tooth)
The molars or molar teeth are large, flat teeth at the back of the mouth. They are more developed in mammals. They are used primarily to grind food during chewing. The name molar derives from Latin, molaris dens, meaning "millstone tooth", from mola, millstone and dens, tooth. Molars show a great deal of diversity in size and shape across the mammal groups. The third molar of humans is sometimes vestigial.

Early Cretaceous
The Early Cretaceous (geochronological name) or the Lower Cretaceous (chronostratigraphic name) is the earlier or lower of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous. It is usually considered to stretch from 143.1 Ma to 100.5 Ma.
Professional wrestling match types
Many types of wrestling matches, sometimes called "gimmick matches" in the jargon of the business, are performed in professional wrestling. Some gimmick matches are more common than others and are often used to advance or conclude a storyline. Throughout professional wrestling's decades-long history, some gimmick matches have spawned many variations of the core concept.

Hostile City Showdown (1994)
Hostile City Showdown (1994) was the first Hostile City Showdown professional wrestling event produced by Eastern Championship Wrestling (ECW). It took place on June 24, 1994 in the ECW Arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the United States.

The main event of Hostile City Showdown was a heavily promoted "dream match" between the hardcore wrestlers Cactus Jack and Sabu. Cactus Jack, an employee of World Championship Wrestling and then-WCW World Tag Team Champion, participated in the event as part of a talent exchange brokered between ECW and WCW by Todd Gordon and Kevin Sullivan. Cactus Jack suffered herniated discs during the match and subsequently developed hives over fifty percent of his body; he was briefly hospitalized. The bout appeared on the 2007 WWE DVD release Mick Foley: Greatest Hits & Misses.

Although not airing on pay-per-view, in July 2019 the event was added to the WWE Network, in the ECW pay-per-view section.
Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen
The Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (German: Fürsterzbistum Bremen) was an ecclesiastical principality (787–1566/1648) of the Holy Roman Empire and the Catholic Church that after its definitive secularization in 1648 became the hereditary Duchy of Bremen (German: Herzogtum Bremen). The prince-archbishopric, which was under the secular rule of the archbishop, consisted of about a third of the diocesan territory. The city of Bremen was de facto (since 1186) and de jure (since 1646) not part of the prince-archbishopric. Most of the prince-archbishopric lay rather in the area to the north of the city of Bremen, between the Weser and Elbe rivers. Even more confusingly, parts of the prince-archbishopric belonged in religious respect to the neighbouring Diocese of Verden, making up 10% of its diocesan territory.

Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle
The Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle (German: Niederrheinisch-Westfälischer Reichskreis, Dutch: Nederrijns-Westfaalse Kreits) was an imperial circle of the Holy Roman Empire. It comprised territories of the former Duchy of Lower Lotharingia, Frisia and the Westphalian part of the former Duchy of Saxony. The circle was made up of numerous small states, however the Counts De la Marck were able to collect a significant number of territories, the United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, from 1521 on. The Empire's largest ecclesiastical territory was held by the Prince-Bishops of Münster.
Flexor digitorum profundus muscle
The flexor digitorum profundus or flexor digitorum communis profundus is a muscle in the forearm of humans that flexes the fingers (also known as digits). It is considered an extrinsic hand muscle because it acts on the hand while its muscle belly is located in the forearm.

Together the flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus, and flexor digitorum profundus form the deep layer of ventral forearm muscles. The muscle is named from Latin 'deep bender of the fingers'.

Interphalangeal joints of the hand
The interphalangeal joints of the hand are the hinge joints between the phalanges of the fingers that provide flexion towards the palm of the hand.

There are two sets in each finger (except in the thumb, which has only one joint):

"proximal interphalangeal joints" (PIJ or PIP), those between the first (also called proximal) and second (intermediate) phalanges

"distal interphalangeal joints" (DIJ or DIP), those between the second (intermediate) and third (distal) phalanges

Anatomically, the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints are very similar. There are some minor differences in how the palmar plates are attached proximally and in the segmentation of the flexor tendon sheath, but the major differences are the smaller dimension and reduced mobility of the distal joint.
Miami River (Florida)
The Miami River is a river in the U.S. state of Florida that drains out of the Everglades and runs through the city of Miami, including the downtown area. The 5.5-mi-long (8.9 km) river flows from the terminus of the Miami Canal at Miami International Airport to Biscayne Bay. It was originally a natural river inhabited at its mouth by the Tequesta Native Americans, but it was dredged and is now polluted throughout its route through Miami-Dade County. The mouth of the river is home to the Port of Miami and many other businesses, whose pressure to maintain it has helped to improve the river's condition.

Flagler Street
Flagler Street is a 12.4-mile (20.0 km) main east–west road in Miami.  Flagler Street is the latitudinal baseline that divides all the streets on the Miami-Dade County grid plan as north or south streets (the east-west division is along Miami Avenue). Flagler Street is named after industrialist Henry Flagler and serves as a major commercial east–west highway through central Miami-Dade County, with a mixture of residential neighborhoods (featuring apartment complexes) and strip malls, the commercial presence increasing as SR 968 approaches downtown Miami.

Between SR 973 (Galloway Road/West 87th Avenue) and West 2nd Avenue, Flagler Street is signed State Road 968 (SR 968).
FIDE
The International Chess Federation or World Chess Federation, commonly referred to by its French acronym FIDE (/ˈfiːdeɪ/ FEE-day, Fédération Internationale des Échecs), is an international organization based in Switzerland that connects the various national chess federations and acts as the governing body of international chess competition. FIDE was founded in Paris, France, in 1924. Its motto is Gens una sumus, Latin for "We are one Family." In 1999, FIDE was recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). As of December 21, 2023, there are 201 member federations of FIDE.

Shakhriyar Mamedyarov
Shahriyar Hamid oglu Mammadyarov (Azerbaijani: Şəhriyar Həmid oğlu Məmmədyarov; born 12 April 1985), known internationally as Shakhriyar Mamedyarov, is an Azerbaijani chess grandmaster. As of July 2025, he is Azerbaijan's highest rated chess player. His personal best  rating of 2820 makes him the sixth-highest-rated player in chess history.

Mamedyarov has competed in the Candidates Tournament in 2011 (eliminated in quarterfinals), in 2014 (placing fourth) and in 2018 (placing second). He is a two-time World Junior Champion (2003 and 2005) and was World Rapid Champion in 2013.

A gold medalist at the 2012 Chess Olympiad on the third board, he is a three-time European Team Champion (2009, 2013, 2017) with Azerbaijan. He is also a two-time winner at Tal Memorial (2010 joint and 2014 Blitz) and Shamkir Chess (2016 and 2017), as well as the winner of 2018 Biel Chess Festival where he beat reigning World Champion Magnus Carlsen.
Segunda División
The Campeonato Nacional de Liga de Segunda División, commonly known as Segunda División or La Liga 2, and officially known as LaLiga HyperMotion for sponsorship reasons, is the men's second professional association football division of the Spanish football league system. Administered by Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional, it is contested by 22 teams, with the top two teams plus the winner of a play-off promoted to La Liga and replaced by the three lowest-placed teams in that division.

CD Basconia
Club Deportivo Basconia is a Spanish football club based in Basauri, Biscay, in the autonomous community of Basque Country. Founded on 14 March 1913, it currently plays in Segunda Federación – Group 2, holding home games at the Artunduaga Sports Centre, in the town of Basauri. Years ago, Basconia used to play in the Estadio López Cortázar, which was demolished in order to build new buildings.

In 1997, they entered into a partnership with Athletic Bilbao to serve as a feeder club for Bilbao and essentially operate as the club's C team.
Hubei
Hubei is a province in Central China. It has the seventh-largest economy among Chinese provinces, the second-largest within Central China, and the third-largest among inland provinces. Its provincial capital at Wuhan serves as a major political, cultural, and economic hub for the region.

Hubei is associated with the historical state of E that existed during the Western Zhou dynasty (c. 1045 – 771 BCE). Its name means 'north of the lake', referring to Dongting Lake. It borders Henan to the north, Anhui and Jiangxi to the east, Hunan to the south, and Chongqing and Shaanxi to the west. The high-profile Three Gorges Dam is located at Yichang in the west of the province.

Yunmeng County
Yunmeng County (simplified Chinese: 云梦县; traditional Chinese: 雲夢縣; pinyin: Yúnmèng Xiàn) is a county in eastern Hubei province, People's Republic of China. It is administered by Xiaogan City and is located just outside Xiaogan's urban area.