hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Filter (mathematics)
In mathematics, a filter or order filter is a special subset of a partially ordered set (poset), describing "large" or "eventual" elements. Filters appear in order and lattice theory, but also topology, whence they originate. The notion dual to a filter is an order ideal.

Special cases of filters include ultrafilters, which are filters that cannot be enlarged, and describe nonconstructive techniques in mathematical logic.

Filters on sets were introduced by Henri Cartan in 1937. Nicolas Bourbaki, in their book Topologie Générale, popularized filters as an alternative to E. H. Moore and Herman L. Smith's 1922 notion of a net; order filters generalize this notion from the specific case of a power set under inclusion to arbitrary partially ordered sets. Nevertheless, the theory of power-set filters retains interest in its own right, in part for substantial applications in topology.

Power set
In mathematics, the power set (or powerset) of a set S is the set of all subsets of S, including the empty set and S itself. In axiomatic set theory (as developed, for example, in the ZFC axioms), the existence of the power set of any set is postulated by the axiom of power set. 
The powerset of S is variously denoted as P(S), 𝒫(S), P(S), , or 2S.
Any subset of P(S) is called a family of sets over S.
La Rambla, Barcelona
La Rambla (Catalan pronunciation: [lə ˈramblə]) is considered the most well known street in central Barcelona. A tree-lined pedestrian street, it stretches for 1.2 kilometres (3⁄4 mile) connecting  the Plaça de Catalunya in its center with the Christopher Columbus Monument at Port Vell. La Rambla forms the boundary between the neighbourhoods of the Barri Gòtic to the east and the El Raval to the west.

La Rambla can be crowded, especially during the height of the tourist season. It hosts a combination of eateries, shops, markets, and cultural institutions.

The Spanish poet Federico García Lorca once said that La Rambla was "the only street in the world which I wish would never end."

Passeig de Gràcia
Passeig de Gràcia (Catalan pronunciation: [pəˈsɛdʒ də ˈgɾasiə]) is one of the major avenues in Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain) and one of its most important shopping and business areas, containing several of the city's most celebrated pieces of architecture.  It is located in the central part of Eixample, stretching from Plaça Catalunya to Carrer Gran de Gràcia.

Passeig de Gràcia is regarded as the most expensive street in Barcelona and in Spain.
Abu Dharr al-Ghifari
Abu Dharr Al-Ghifari Al-Kinani (أَبُو ذَرّ ٱلْغِفَارِيّ ٱلْكِنَانِيّ, ʾAbū Ḏarr al-Ghifārīy al-Kinānīy), also spelled Abu Tharr or Abu Zar, born Jundab ibn Junādah (جُنْدَب ٱبْن جُنَادَة), was the fourth or fifth person converting to Islam, and a member of the Muhajirun. He belonged to the Banu Ghifar, the Kinanah tribe. His date of birth is unknown. He died in 652 CE, at Al-Rabadha, in the desert east of Medina.

Abu Dharr is remembered for his strict piety and also his opposition to Muawiyah during the caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan. He is venerated by Shia Muslims as one of The Four Companions, early Muslims who were followers (Shia) of Ali ibn Abi Talib.

He was regarded by many, including Ali Shariati, Muhammad Sharqawi and Sami Ayad Hanna, as a principal antecedent of Islamic socialism, or the first Islamic socialist. He protested against the accumulation of wealth by the ruling class during 'Uthmān's caliphate and urged the equitable redistribution of wealth.

Talha ibn Ubayd Allah
Ṭalḥah ibn ʿUbayd Allāh al-Taymī (Arabic: طَلْحَة بن عُبَيْد اللّه التَّيمي, c. 594 – c. 656) was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. In Sunni Islam, he is known for being among al-ʿashara al-mubashshara ('the ten to whom Paradise was promised') and was given the title "the Generous" by Muhammad. Talha played significant roles in the Battle of Uhud and the Battle of the Camel, where he was killed. He is viewed critically in Shia Islam due to his role in the First Fitna.
Plagianthus divaricatus
Plagianthus divaricatus or saltmarsh ribbonwood is a plant that is endemic to New Zealand. The Māori name is makaka.  Other common names it is known by marsh ribbonwood, houi, and runa.

The species was first described by Johann Reinhold Forster and Georg Forster in 1776.

Plagianthus divaricatus is an upright shrub with closely interwoven branches. The shrub is found in coastal environments in areas with salt swamp, sandy banks and throughout estuaries.

Goodenia radicans
Goodenia radicans, commonly known as remuremu, swampweed, bonking grass, or its former botanical name Selliera radicans, is a creeping, herbaceous plant species found in New Zealand, Australia and Chile. It is the most observed Goodenia on iNaturalist in New Zealand, and is indigenous to New Zealand and Australia. Only one other Goodenia is native to New Zealand, the severely range-restricted Goodenia heenanii.
Arthur Rubinstein
Arthur Rubinstein KBE OMRI (Polish: Artur Rubinstein; 28 January 1887 – 20 December 1982) was a Polish and American pianist. Widely regarded as one of the greatest pianists of all time, he received international acclaim for his interpretations of classical music compositions, particularly Chopin. Rubenstein played in public for eight decades with a vast repertoire consisting of Beethoven, Mozart, Schubert, Liszt, Tchaikovsky, Saint-Saëns, and Schumann, amongst others.

Ignaz Friedman
Ignaz Friedman (born Salomon Izaak Freudmann; Polish: Ignacy Friedman; Yiddish: שְׁלֹמֹה יִצְחָק פֿרײדמאַן; February 13, 1882 – January 26, 1948) was a Polish pianist and composer. Critics (e.g. Harold Schonberg) and colleagues (e.g. Sergei Rachmaninoff) alike placed him among the supreme piano virtuosi of his day, alongside Leopold Godowsky, Moriz Rosenthal, Ferruccio Busoni, Josef Hofmann and Josef Lhévinne.
2017 Allsvenskan
The 2017 Allsvenskan, part of the 2017 Swedish football season, is the 93rd season of Allsvenskan since its establishment in 1924. The season began on 1 April 2017 and ended on 5 November the same year. Fixtures for the 2017 season were announced on 9 December 2016. A total of 16 teams participated.

Malmö FF were the defending champions after winning the title in the previous season. Malmö FF won the Swedish championship this season, their 23rd Allsvenskan title and 20th Swedish championship overall, in the 27th round on 16 October 2017 when they won 3–1 in the away fixture against IFK Norrköping at Östgötaporten.

2024 Allsvenskan
The 2024 Allsvenskan was the 100th season since its establishment in 1924 of Sweden's top-level football league, Allsvenskan. The season began on 30 March 2024 and ended on 10 November 2024 (not including play-off matches).

Malmö FF successfully defended their Swedish championship title with their fourth such title in five years by defeating rivals IFK Göteborg 2–1 at Stadion on 28 October 2024.
Micrometre
The micrometre (or micrometer in US spelling; symbol: μm) is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI) equalling 10−6 metre (SI standard prefix "micro-" = 10−6); that is, one millionth of a metre (or one thousandth of a millimetre, 0.001 mm, or about 0.00004 inch). Also known as a micron.

The nearest smaller common SI unit is the nanometre, equivalent to one thousandth of a micrometre, one millionth of a millimetre or one billionth of a metre (10−9 or 0.000000001 m).

The micrometre is a common unit of measurement for wavelengths of infrared radiation as well as sizes of biological cells and bacteria, and for grading wool by the diameter of the fibres. The width of a single human hair ranges from approximately 20 to 200 μm.

Microscopic scale
The microscopic scale (from Ancient Greek  μικρός (mikrós) 'small' and  σκοπέω (skopéō) 'to look (at); examine, inspect') is the scale of objects and events smaller than those that can easily be seen by the naked eye, requiring a lens or microscope to see them clearly. In physics, the microscopic scale is sometimes regarded as the scale between the macroscopic scale and the quantum scale. Microscopic units and measurements are used to classify and describe very small objects. One common microscopic length scale unit is the micrometre (also called a micron) (symbol: μm), which is one millionth of a metre.
División Mayor del Fútbol Profesional Colombiano
The División Mayor del Fútbol Profesional Colombiano (Major Division of Colombian Professional Football), also known by the truncation DIMAYOR, is an organization responsible for organizing and operating professional football leagues and tournaments in Colombia. It administers the top two levels of professional football leagues in Colombia, the Primera A and the Primera B, as well as the Colombian Superliga and Copa Colombia, Colombia's domestic football cup.

El Dorado (Colombian football)
El Dorado is the name given to an era (1949–54) of the Colombian football league during which the league broke away from FIFA. The Colombia national team and all domestic clubs were banned from international competition during this period, although some authors consider that to have been a "golden age" for Colombian football.
Uttarkashi district
Uttarkashi district is a district of Garhwal division of the Uttarakhand state in northern India, and has its headquarters at Uttarkashi city. It has 6 tehsil . Barkot, Dunda, Bhatwadi, Chinyalisaur, Purola and Mori. Uttarkashi district's south-western parts are cuturally part of the historical Mahasu region.

The district contains the source of the Bhagirathi River (traditionally considered the headstream of the Ganga) at Gangotri and the Yamuna River at Yamunotri, both of which are highly significant and popular pilgrimage sites. Uttarkashi town, which lies on the main road to Gangotri, is also considered an important Hindu pilgrimage centre, especially for Saivites. The district is bounded on the north by Kinnaur and Shimla districts of Himachal Pradesh, on the northeast by Tibet, China, on the east by Chamoli District, on the southeast by Rudraprayag district, on the south by Tehri Garhwal district, and on the west by Dehradun district.

Shimla district
Shimla district, known as Simla district until 1972, is one of the twelve districts of the state of Himachal Pradesh in northern India. Its headquarters is the state capital of Shimla. Neighbouring districts are Mandi and Kullu in the north, Kinnaur in the east, Uttarakhand in the southeast, Solan to the southwest and Sirmaur in the south. The elevation of the district ranges from 987 metres (3,238 ft) to 4,500 metres (14,764 ft). Shimla district culturally is part of the Mahasu region.

As of 2011, it is the third most populated district of Himachal Pradesh (out of 12), after Kangra and Mandi. It is the most urbanized district of Himachal Pradesh.
United States Senate Committee on Finance
The United States Senate Committee on Finance (or, less formally, Senate Finance Committee) is a standing committee of the United States Senate. The committee concerns itself with matters relating to taxation and other revenue measures generally, and those relating to the insular possessions; bonded debt of the United States; customs, collection districts, and ports of entry and delivery; deposit of public moneys; general revenue sharing; health programs under the Social Security Act (notably Medicare and Medicaid) and health programs financed by a specific tax or trust fund; national social security; reciprocal trade agreements; tariff and import quotas, and related matters thereto; and the transportation of dutiable goods. It is considered to be one of the most powerful committees in Congress.

David Boren
David Lyle Boren (April 21, 1941 – February 20, 2025) was an American lawyer and politician from Oklahoma. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the 21st governor of Oklahoma from 1975 to 1979 and three terms in the United States Senate from 1979 to 1994. A conservative Democrat, to date, he is the last in his party to have served as U.S. Senator from Oklahoma. He was the 13th and second-longest serving president of the University of Oklahoma from 1994 to 2018. He was the longest serving chairman of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. On September 20, 2017, Boren officially announced his retirement as president of the University of Oklahoma, effective June 30, 2018.
Grimbergen
Grimbergen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɣrɪmbɛrɣə(n)]) is a municipality in the province of Flemish Brabant, in the Flemish region of Belgium, 10 km (6.2 mi) north of the capital Brussels. The municipality comprises the towns of Beigem, Grimbergen, Humbeek, and Strombeek-Bever. In 2017, Grimbergen had a total population of 37,030. The total area is 38.61 km2 (14.91 sq mi), which gives a population density of 959/km2 (2,480/sq mi), this is not much for a Region.

Grimbergen is in the Dutch language area of Belgium. The French-speaking minority is represented by four members on the 30-seat local council. Grimbergen is mostly known for its Norbertine abbey and the beer once brewed there. Grimbergen's proximity to Brussels makes it a residential town for commuting.

Diest
Diest (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdist] ⓘ) is a city and municipality located in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant. Situated in the northeast of the Hageland region, Diest neighbours the provinces of Antwerp to its North, and Limburg to the East and is situated around 60 km from Brussels. The municipality comprises the city of Diest proper and the towns of Deurne, Kaggevinne, Molenstede, Schaffen and Webbekom. As of January 1, 2006, Diest had a total population of 22,845. The total area is 58.20 km2 which gives a population density of 393 inhabitants per km2.
Marattiaceae
Marattiaceae is the only family of extant (living) ferns in the order Marattiales. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), Marattiales is the only order in the subclass Marattiidae. The family has six genera and about 110 species. Many are different in appearance from other ferns, having large fronds and fleshy rootstocks.

Dicksoniaceae
Dicksoniaceae is a group of tropical, subtropical and warm temperate ferns, treated as a family in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), and counting 30-40 species. Alternatively, the family may be sunk into a very broadly defined family Cyatheaceae sensu lato as the subfamily Dicksonioideae. Most of the genera in the family are terrestrial ferns or have very short trunks compared to tree ferns of the family Cyatheaceae sensu stricto. However, some of the larger species can reach several metres in height. A number of others are epiphytes. They are found mostly in tropical regions in the Southern Hemisphere, as far south as southern New Zealand. Larger tree ferns in the genus Cibotium were formerly included in Dicksoniaceae, but are now segregated as the family Cibotiaceae.
Entelodontidae
Entelodontidae is an extinct family of pig-like artiodactyls (even-toed ungulates) that inhabited the Northern Hemisphere (Asia, Europe, and North America) from the late Eocene to the early Miocene epochs, about 38 to 15 million years ago. Their large heads, low snouts, narrow gait, and proposed omnivorous diet inspires comparisons to suids (true pigs) and tayassuids (peccaries), and historically they have been considered closely related to these families purely on a morphological basis. However, studies which combine morphological and molecular (genetic) data on artiodactyls instead suggest that entelodonts are cetancodontamorphs, more closely related to hippos and cetaceans through their resemblance to Pakicetus, than to basal pigs like Kubanochoerus and other ungulates.

Chalicotheriidae
Chalicotheriidae (from Ancient Greek χάλιξ (khálix), meaning "gravel", and θηρίον (theríon), meaning "beast") is an extinct family of herbivorous, perissodactyl mammals that lived in North America, Eurasia, and Africa from the Middle Eocene to the Early Pleistocene. They are often called chalicotheres, a term which is also applied to the broader grouping of Chalicotherioidea. They are noted for their unusual morphology compared to other ungulates, such as their clawed forelimbs. Members of the subfamily Chalicotheriinae developed elongated gorilla-like forelimbs that are thought to have been used to grasp vegetation. They are thought to have been browsers on foliage as well as possibly bark and fruit.
Modillion
In architecture, a modillion is an ornate bracket, more horizontal in shape and less imposing than a corbel. They are often seen underneath a cornice which helps to support them. Modillions are more elaborate than dentils (literally translated as small teeth).  All three are selectively used as adjectival historic past participles (corbelled, modillioned, dentillated) as to what co-supports or simply adorns any high structure of a building, such as a terrace of a roof (a flat area of a roof), parapet, pediment/entablature, balcony, cornice band or roof cornice. Modillions occur classically under a Corinthian or a Composite cornice but may support any type of eaves cornice. They may be carved or plain.

Water table (architecture)
A water table is a projection of masonry on the lower outside of a wall, slightly above the ground, or at the top of a wainscot section of a wall (in this case also known as a sill).

It is both a functional and architectural feature that consists of a projection that deflects water running down the face of a building away from lower courses or the foundation. A water table may also  be primarily decorative, as found near the base of a wall or at a transition between materials, such as from stone to brick. The top of the water table is often sloped or chamfered to throw off water.

Often damp proofing is placed at the level of the water table to prevent upward wicking of ground water.
Galeton, Pennsylvania
Galeton is a borough in Potter County, Pennsylvania. It is located 50 miles (80 km) southeast of Bradford, Pennsylvania. Light industries, including knitting mills and a tannery have existed in Galeton. The population declined to 993 people in 2020.

West Branch Township, Pennsylvania
West Branch Township is a township in Potter County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 399 at the 2020 census. There are two Pennsylvania state parks in West Branch Township. Cherry Springs State Park is a popular destination for astronomical observation. Lyman Run State Park is in the northern part of the township and is partially in neighboring Ulysses Township.
Kish (Sumer)
Kish (Sumerian: Kiš; transliteration: Kiški; cuneiform: 𒆧𒆠; Akkadian: Kiššatu, near modern Tell al-Uhaymir) is an important archaeological site in Babil Governorate (Iraq), located 80 km (50 mi) south of Baghdad and 12 km (7.5 mi) east of the ancient city of Babylon. The Ubaid period site of Ras al-Amiyah is 8 km (5.0 mi) away. It was occupied from the Ubaid period to the Hellenistic period. In Early Dynastic times the city's patron deity was Ishtar with her consort Ea. Her temple, at Tell Ingharra, was (E)-hursag-kalama. By Old Babylonian times the patron deities had become Zababa, along with his consort, the goddess Bau and Istar. His temple Emeteursag (later Ekišiba) was at Uhaimir.

Amorites
The Amorites (/ˈæməˌraɪts/) were an ancient Northwest Semitic-speaking Bronze Age people who emerged from western Mesopotamia. Initially appearing in Sumerian records c. 2500 BC, they expanded and ruled most of the Levant and Mesopotamia, and parts of Egypt, from the 21st century BC to the late 17th century BC.

The Amorites established several prominent city-states in various locations, such as Isin, Kurda, Larsa, Mari, and Ebla, and later founded Babylon and the Old Babylonian Empire. They also founded the Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt during the fragmented era of the Second Intermediate Period in the Nile Delta, which was characterized by rulers bearing Amorite names such as Yakbim Sekhaenre, and were likely part of the later Hyksos.

The term Amurru, in Akkadian and Sumerian texts, refers to the Amorites, their principal deity, and an Amorite kingdom. The Amorites are mentioned in the Hebrew Bible as inhabitants of Canaan both before and after the conquest of the land under Joshua.
2019 European Athletics Indoor Championships
The 2019 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held between 1 and 3 March 2019 at the Emirates Arena in Glasgow, Scotland. This was the second time this event was held in the city after the 1990 edition and the third time it was held in the United Kingdom, following the 2007 Edition in Birmingham, England. The three-day competition featured 13 men's and 13 women's athletics events and took place over three morning and three afternoon sessions.

2021 European Athletics Indoor Championships
The 2021 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held from 4 to 7 March 2021 at the Arena Toruń in Toruń, Poland. This was the second time this event was held in Poland after the 1975 edition in Katowice. The four-day competition featured 13 men's and 13 women's athletics events. Altogether 659 athletes from 46 countries participated in the event which is a record in the competition's history. The Netherlands topped the medal table for the first time with four gold, one silver and two bronze medals.  Katarzynka, a gingerbread, was the mascot.
Virginia Theological Seminary
Virginia Theological Seminary (VTS), formally the Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary in Virginia, is an Episcopal seminary in Alexandria, Virginia. It is the largest and second-oldest such accredited seminary in the United States.

Established in 1823, VTS is situated on an 80-acre (320,000 m2) suburban campus in Alexandria, and adjacent to the campus of Episcopal High School. The seminary's notable alumni have taken leadership roles in the American Episcopal Church, other Christian denominations in the United States, and overseas.

VTS is a member of the Washington Theological Consortium and since 1938 has been an accredited member institution of the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada (ATS).

Seminary of the Southwest
Seminary of the Southwest (The Episcopal Theological Seminary of the Southwest and informally SSW) is an Episcopal seminary in Austin, Texas. It is one of nine accredited seminaries of The Episcopal Church in the United States. Seminary of the Southwest forms Christian leaders pursuing ordination within the  church, as well as those interested in lay forms of ministry, including chaplaincy and clinical mental health counseling.
List of K-1 events
This is a list of events held and scheduled by K-1, a Japanese kickboxing promotion. The first event, K-1 Sanctuary I, took place on March 30, 1993, at Kōrakuen Hall in Tokyo, Japan.

Since its inception, K-1 events were organized by the Fighting and Entertainment Group (FEG). Following FEG's bankruptcy, rights to the K-1 brand were acquired by the Hong Kong-based K-1 Global Holdings Limited (K-1 GHL) in 2012.

In 2014, M-1 Sports Media (M-1) acquired rights to use the K-1 brand exclusively in Japan, and has since been producing events for the region under the "K-1 World GP Japan" name. M-1 would ultimately acquire worldwide rights to the K-1 brand in 2023.

This list does not include Krush, Krush-EX, Khaos, or K-1 Amateur events.

Taiei Kin
Kin Taiei (Korean: 김태영, romanized: Kim Taeyong; born July 8, 1970) is a Korean-Japanese light heavyweight karateka, kickboxer and mixed martial artist competing in K-1 and DREAM.

Before switching to MMA, Kin was a fighter in the K-1, praised by both Peter Aerts and Ernesto Hoost as the best fighter to come out of Asia.