hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Commandery (China)
A commandery (Chinese: 郡; pinyin: jùn) was a historical administrative division of China that was in use from the Eastern Zhou (c. 7th century BCE) until the early Tang dynasty (c. 7th century CE). Several neighboring countries adopted Chinese commanderies as the basis for their own administrative divisions.

Qin's wars of unification
Qin's wars of unification were a series of military campaigns launched in the late 3rd century BC by the state of Qin against the other six states remaining in China – Han, Zhao, Yan, Wei, Chu and Qi. Between 247 and 
221 BC, Qin had developed into the most powerful of China's Seven Warring States that coalesced in the wake of the declining Zhou dynasty, which had been reduced to a weak and merely ceremonial position during the Warring States period. In 230 BC, Ying Zheng, the King of Qin, began the sequence of campaigns that would bring the Warring States period to a close, setting out to conquer each of the six states one by one. This was completed in 221 BC with the fall of Qi, which further led to a more centralised form of government replacing the fengjian system of the Zhou dynasty. Ying Zheng declared himself the First Emperor – or Shi Huangdi – of a unified China under the Qin dynasty.
Lady C (wrestler)
Chie Nagatani (永谷千恵, Nagatani Chie; born November 17, 1994), better known by her ring name Lady C (レディ・Ｃ), is a Japanese professional wrestler, signed to World Wonder Ring Stardom. She is a member of God's Eye.and also competes under the ring name Super Strong Giant Machine.

Stardom Cinderella Tournament 2022
The  2022 Stardom Cinderella Tournament (スターダムシンデレラトーナメント2022, Sutādamushindereratōnamento 2022) was the eighth annual professional wrestling single-elimination tournament promoted by World Wonder Ring Stardom in Tokyo and Osaka. The event took place between April 3 and April 29, 2022, with a limited attendance due in part to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic at the time.
The Single Moms Club
The Single Moms Club is a 2014 American comedy-drama film produced, written, and directed by Tyler Perry. The film stars Nia Long, Wendi McLendon-Covey, Zulay Henao, Cocoa Brown, Amy Smart, Terry Crews, and Perry. The film was released on March 14, 2014. The film received negative reviews from critics and was a box office disappointment, only grossing $16.4 million against a budget of $8 million.

If Loving You Is Wrong
If Loving You Is Wrong is an American prime time television soap opera created, executive produced, written, and directed by Tyler Perry. The series premiered on September 9, 2014 and ended on June 16, 2020. It focuses on the lives and relationships of a group of five husbands and wives who live on the same street (Castillo Lane) in the fictional community of Maxine. The show stars Amanda Clayton, Edwina Findley, Heather Hemmens, Zulay Henao, and April Parker Jones as the five female leads Alex, Kelly, Marcie, Esperanza and Natalie on "their quest to find love in the midst of managing very complex lives."
Hayle
Hayle (Cornish: Heyl, lit. "estuary") is a port town and civil parish in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated at the mouth of the Hayle River (which discharges into St Ives Bay) and is approximately seven miles (11 km) northeast of Penzance.

The parish shares boundaries with St Ives to the west, St Erth to the south, Gwinear and Gwithian in the east, and is bounded to the north by the Celtic Sea. At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 9,772 and the population of the built up area was 9,040.

Hayle was originally three separate settlements that have merged over time: Foundry, Copperhouse and the Towans. In the 19th century, it was known as an important mining port and major centre for manufacturing steam engines.

Ludgvan
Ludgvan (/ˈlʌdʒən/ LUJ-ən; Cornish: Lujuan) is a civil parish and village in Cornwall, England. It lies 2+1⁄2 miles (4 km) northeast of Penzance. Ludgvan village is split between Churchtown, on the hill, and Lower Quarter to the east, adjoining Crowlas. For the purposes of local government, Ludgvan elects a parish council every four years; the town elects a member to Cornwall Council under the Ludgvan division.
Nathan Altman
Nathan Isaevich Altman (Russian: Натан Исаевич Альтман, romanized: Natan Isayevich Altman; Ukrainian: Натан Ісайович Альтман;  22 December [O.S.  10 December] 1889 – 12 December 1970) was a Russian avant-garde artist, stage designer and book illustrator. Born in Vinnytsia (now Ukraine), he worked in Russia, France, and the Soviet Union. His works combine elements of Cubo-Futurism and Suprematism.

Piotr Belousov
Piotr Petrovich Belousov (Russian: Пётр Петро́вич Белоу́сов; 3 May 1912 – 31 March 1989) was a Soviet Ukrainian and Russian graphic artist, painter, art teacher, professor of the Ilya Repin Leningrad Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, People's Artist of the USSR, and a corresponding member of the Academy of Arts of the USSR, who lived and worked in Leningrad. He was regarded as one of the brightest representatives of the Leningrad school of painting, being most famous for his portraits and historical paintings.
1998 Presidents Cup
The 1998 Presidents Cup was held 11–13 December in Australia at the Royal Melbourne Golf Club in Black Rock, Victoria, a suburb southeast of Melbourne. The International team won the competition by a margin of 201⁄2–111⁄2. This was the first time the International team won the competition, and through 2024, is their sole victory. The honorary chairman was Australian Prime Minister John Howard. It was the third Presidents Cup competition and the first held outside the United States. The competition returned to Royal Melbourne in 2011 and 2019

2007 Presidents Cup
The 2007 Presidents Cup was held in 2007 between September 27 and 30. It was played at the Royal Montreal Golf Club in Île Bizard, Quebec, Canada. The United States team won the competition by a margin of 191⁄2–141⁄2.
Lydia Lunch
Lydia Lunch (born Lydia Anne Koch; June 2, 1959) is an American singer, poet, writer, actress and self-empowerment speaker. Her career began during the 1970s New York City no wave scene as the singer and guitarist of Teenage Jesus and the Jerks.

Her work typically features provocative and confrontational noise music delivery and she has maintained an anti-commercial stance, operating independently of major labels and distributors. The Boston Phoenix named Lunch one of the ten most influential performers of the 1990s. Kerrang! named Sonic Youth's "Death Valley '69" featuring Lunch one of "The 50 Most Evil Songs Ever".

Cinema of Transgression
The Cinema of Transgression is a term coined by Nick Zedd in 1985 to describe a New York City–based underground film movement, consisting of a loose-knit group of artists using shock value and black humor in their films. Key players in this movement were Zedd, Kembra Pfahler, Tessa Hughes-Freeland, Casandra Stark, Beth B, Tommy Turner, Jon Moritsugu, Manuel DeLanda, David Wojnarowicz, Richard Kern, and Lydia Lunch, who in the late 1970s and mid-1980s began to make very low-budget films using cheap 8 mm cameras.

Zedd outlined his philosophy on the Cinema of Transgression in The Cinema of Transgression Manifesto, published under the name Orion Jeriko in the zine The Underground Film Bulletin (1984–90).

Cinema of Transgression continues to heavily influence underground filmmakers. In 2000, the British Film Institute showed a retrospective of the movement's work introduced by those involved in the production of the original video films.
Académie de la Grande Chaumière
The Académie de la Grande Chaumière (French pronunciation: [akademi də la ɡʁɑ̃d ʃomjɛʁ]) is an art school in the Montparnasse district of Paris, France. The impeding closure of the school in July 2025 received major criticsm from art heritage groups.

The school over the years had trained major figures of the School of Paris as well as being staffed by well-known artists.

Henri Goetz
Henri Bernard Goetz (September 29, 1909 – August 12, 1989) was a French American surrealist painter and engraver. He is known for his artwork, as well as for inventing the carborundum printmaking process. His work is represented in more than 100 galleries worldwide.
Maryland House of Delegates
The Maryland House of Delegates is the lower house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Maryland. It consists of 141 delegates elected from 47 districts. The House of Delegates Chamber is in the Maryland State House on State Circle in Annapolis, which serves as the meeting place of the Maryland General Assembly. The State House also houses the Maryland State Senate and the offices of the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of the State of Maryland. Each delegate has offices in Annapolis, in the nearby Casper R. Taylor Jr. House Office Building.

Robin Ficker
Robin Keith Annesley Ficker (born April 5, 1943) is an American political activist, real estate broker, former attorney (disbarred), former state legislator, infamous sports heckler, and  perennial political candidate from Maryland.

Ficker served one term in the Maryland House of Delegates from 1979 to 1983, and has since run for other offices unsuccessfully numerous times.
Alan Norris (darts player)
Alan Norris (born 21 February 1972) is an English darts player. He was the runner-up at the 2014 BDO World Darts Championship and also lost in the final of the 2012 Zuiderduin Masters, with Stephen Bunting prevailing on both occasions. In 2015, he switched to the PDC and, after reaching the quarter-finals of the 2016 World Championship, he was named the PDC Best Newcomer of the year.

2016 World Grand Prix (darts)
The 2016 Unibet World Grand Prix was the 19th staging of the World Grand Prix. It was played from 2–8 October 2016 at the Citywest Hotel in Dublin, Ireland.

Robert Thornton was the defending champion after beating Michael van Gerwen 5–4 in sets in the last year's final, but he lost in the first round to Stephen Bunting.

Michael van Gerwen won his third Grand Prix title after defeating Gary Anderson 5–2 in the final.
Tuba
The tuba (Latin, "trumpet"; UK: /ˈtjuːbə/; US: /ˈtuːbə/) is a large brass instrument in the bass-to-contrabass range with a wide, bugle-like conical bore and between three and six (usually four or five) valves. It first appeared in 1835 in Prussia as the Baß-Tuba, an application of five valves to a bugle scaled up to 12-foot (12′) F, providing a fully chromatic contrabass range with a deep, full timbre. Subsequently, the Paris instrument designer Adolphe Sax developed the E♭ and B♭ band tubas with piston valves as members of his saxhorn family by the 1850s, and Václav František Červený in Austria-Hungary developed contrabass tubas in 16′ C and 18′ B♭ with rotary valves in the 1870s.

As with any brass instrument, sound is produced with a lip vibration or "buzz" in the mouthpiece. A person who plays the tuba is called a tubist or tubaist, or simply a tuba player. In British brass bands and military bands, they are known as a bass player.

Cowbell (instrument)
The cowbell is an idiophone hand percussion instrument used in various styles of music, such as Latin and rock. It is named after the similar bell used by herdsmen to keep track of the whereabouts of cows. The instrument initially and traditionally has been metallic; however, contemporarily, some variants are made of synthetic materials.
Cloture
Cloture (/ˈkloʊtʃər/, also UK: /ˈkloʊtjʊər/), closure or, informally, a guillotine, is a motion or process in parliamentary procedure aimed at bringing debate to a quick end.

The cloture procedure originated in the French National Assembly, from which the name is taken. Clôture is French for "the act of terminating something".

It was introduced into the Parliament of the United Kingdom by William Ewart Gladstone to overcome the obstructionism of the Irish Parliamentary Party and was made permanent in 1887.

It was subsequently adopted by the United States Senate and other legislatures. The name cloture remains in the United States. In Commonwealth countries it is usually closure or, informally, guillotine. In the United Kingdom and Canada closure and guillotine are distinct motions.

Majority
A majority is more than half of a total; however, the term is commonly used with other meanings, as explained in the "Related terms" section below.

It is a subset of a set consisting of more than half of the set's elements. For example, if a group consists of 31 individuals, a majority would be 16 or more individuals, while having 15 or fewer individuals would not constitute a majority.

A majority is different from, but often confused with, a plurality (or relative majority in British English), which is a subset larger than any other subset but not necessarily more than half the set. See the "Related terms" section below for details.
University of Turin
The University of Turin (Italian: Università degli Studi di Torino, UNITO) is a public research university in the city of Turin, in the Piedmont region of Italy. It is one of the oldest universities in Europe and continues to play an important role in research and training.

Turin Conservatory
The Conservatorio Statale di Musica Giuseppe Verdi, also known as the Conservatorio Giuseppe Verdi or Conservatorio Torino and more commonly known in English as the Turin Conservatory, is a music conservatory in Turin, Italy. It should not be confused with the Milan Conservatory or Como Conservatory; schools which have also been known as the Conservatorio Giuseppe Verdi.
Dingalan
Dingalan [ˌdiŋɡɐˈlan], officially the Municipality of Dingalan (Tagalog: Bayan ng Dingalan; Ilocano: Ili ti Dingalan), is a municipality in the province of Aurora, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 29,286 people.

The town has several caves, of which the Lamao Caves are the best known. The rough shoreline and very high waves of Dingalan make it attractive to surfers. Dingalan is nicknamed "Gateway to Southern Tagalog", as it is bordered by Quezon Province (in the south), which is part of Southern Tagalog, of which Aurora was a part; Aurora was a sub-province of Quezon.

General Tinio
General Tinio, officially the Municipality of General Tinio (Tagalog: Bayan ng Heneral Tinio, Ilocano: Ili ti Heneral Tinio), is a first-class municipality in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 58,093 people. It was known as Papaya until 1957.

The town is at the foot of the Sierra Madre Mountains, adjoining the Fort Magsaysay Army Reservation on the northeastern side.
Gurmukhi
Gurmukhī (Punjabi: ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ [ˈɡʊɾᵊmʊkʰiː], Shahmukhi: گُرمُکھی) is an abugida developed from the Laṇḍā scripts, standardized and used by the second Sikh guru, Guru Angad (1504–1552). Commonly regarded as a Sikh script, Gurmukhi is used in Punjab, India as the official script of the Punjabi language.

The primary scripture of Sikhism, the Guru Granth Sahib, is written in Gurmukhī, in various dialects and languages often subsumed under the generic title Sant Bhasha or "saint language", in addition to other languages like Persian and various phases of Indo-Aryan languages.

Modern Gurmukhī has thirty-five original letters, hence its common alternative term paintī or "the thirty-five", plus six additional consonants, nine vowel diacritics, two diacritics for nasal sounds, one diacritic that geminates consonants and three subscript characters.

Kashmiri language
Kashmiri (English: /kæʃˈmɪəri/ kash-MEER-ee), also known by its endonym Koshur (Kashmiri: کٲشُر (Perso-Arabic, Official Script), pronounced [kəːʃur]), is an Indo-Aryan language of the Dardic branch spoken by around 7 million Kashmiris of the Kashmir region, primarily in the Kashmir Valley and surrounding hills of the Indian-administrated union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, over half the population of that territory. Kashmiri has split ergativity and the unusual verb-second word order.

Since 2020, it has been made an official language of Jammu and Kashmir along with Dogri, Hindi, Urdu and English. Kashmiri is also among the 22 scheduled languages of India.

Kashmiri is spoken by roughly five percent of Pakistani-administrated Azad Kashmir's population.
Division of Farrer
The Division of Farrer is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. Located in the southwestern part of the state bordering both South Australia and Victoria, at 126,563 km2 (48,866.2 sq mi) it is the second-largest division by land area in the state after the neighbouring Division of Parkes.  It includes the cities of Albury and Griffith, and has always included Albury since the creation of the division in 1949.

It is currently vacant after sitting member and former leader of the Opposition Sussan Ley resigned on 27 February 2026, after earlier losing the 2026 Liberal Party leadership spill. Her resignation will trigger a by-election in 2026.

David Fairbairn (politician)
Sir David Eric Fairbairn, KBE, DFC (3 March 1917 – 1 June 1994) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the Liberal Party and served in the House of Representatives from 1949 to 1975. He held ministerial office as Minister for Air (1962–1964), National Development (1964–1969), Education and Science (1971), and Defence (1971–1972).
Supreme Court of Ireland
The Supreme Court of Ireland (Irish: Cúirt Uachtarach na hÉireann) is the highest judicial authority in Ireland. It is a court of final appeal and exercises, in conjunction with the Court of Appeal and the High Court, judicial review over Acts of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament). The Supreme Court also has appellate jurisdiction to ensure compliance with the Constitution of Ireland by governmental bodies and private citizens. It sits in the Four Courts in Dublin.

Court of Justice of the European Union
The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) (French: Cour de justice de l'Union européenne or "CJUE"; Latin: Curia) is the judicial branch of the European Union (EU). Seated in the Kirchberg quarter of Luxembourg City, Luxembourg, this EU institution consists of two separate courts: the Court of Justice and the General Court. From 2005 to 2016, it also contained the Civil Service Tribunal. It has a sui generis court system, meaning 'of its own kind', and is a supranational institution.

The CJEU is the chief judicial authority of the EU and oversees the uniform application and interpretation of European Union law, in co-operation with the national judiciary of the EU member states. CJEU also resolves legal disputes between national governments and EU institutions, and may take action against EU institutions on behalf of individuals, companies, or organisations whose rights have been infringed.
Baqt
The Baqṭ (Arabic: بقط, romanized: baqṭ) was a treaty between the Christian state of Makuria and the new Muslim rulers of Egypt in the 7th century. Lasting almost seven hundred years, it is by some measures the longest-lasting treaty in history. The name comes either from a Coptic language term for barter or a Greco-Roman term for pact.

First battle of Dongola
The first battle of Dongola took place between the early Muslim Rashidun army and the Oriental Orthodox Christian Nubians of the Makuria in 642, This was the  first real Rashidun Arab defeat on the battlefield despite outnumbering their opponents.

The battle, which resulted in a Makurian victory, halted Arab incursions into Nubia and set the tone for an atmosphere of hostility between the two cultures until the culmination of the second battle of Dongola in 652.
Styria (Slovenia)
Littoral

Carniola: 2a Upper, 2b Inner, 2c Lower

Carinthia

Styria

Prekmurje

Styria (/ˈstɪəriə/; Slovene: Štajerska [ˈʃtáːjɛɾska]), also known as Slovenian Styria (Slovenska Štajerska; Austrian German: Slowenische Steiermark) or Lower Styria (Spodnja Štajerska; Untersteiermark) to differentiate it from Austrian Styria, is a traditional region in northeastern Slovenia, comprising the southern third of the former Duchy of Styria. The population of Styria in its historical boundaries amounts to around 705,000 inhabitants, or 34.5% of the population of Slovenia. Its largest city and urban center is Maribor, with other urban centers including Celje, Velenje, Ptuj and Trbovlje.

Duchy of Carniola
The Duchy of Carniola (Slovene: Vojvodina Kranjska, German: Herzogtum Krain, Hungarian: Krajna) was an imperial estate of the Holy Roman Empire, established under Habsburg rule on the territory of the former East Frankish March of Carniola in 1364. A hereditary land of the Habsburg monarchy, it became a constituent land of the Austrian Empire in 1804 and part of the Kingdom of Illyria until 1849. A separate crown land from 1849, it was incorporated into the Cisleithanian territories of Austria-Hungary from 1867 until the state's dissolution in 1918. Its capital was Laibach, today Ljubljana.
Seymour Cray
Seymour Roger Cray (September 28, 1925 – October 5, 1996) was an American electrical engineer, computer scientist, mathematician, and supercomputer architect who designed a series of computers that were the fastest in the world for decades, and founded Cray Research, which built many of these machines. Called "the father of supercomputing", Cray has been credited with creating the supercomputer industry. Joel S. Birnbaum, then chief technology officer of Hewlett-Packard, said of him: "It seems impossible to exaggerate the effect he had on the industry; many of the things that high performance computers now do routinely were at the farthest edge of credibility when Seymour envisioned them." Larry Smarr, then director of the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois said that Cray is "the Thomas Edison of the supercomputing industry."

UNIVAC
UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) was a line of electronic digital stored-program computers starting with the products of the Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation. After capturing the public imagination with the use of the UNIVAC I during the 1952 US Presidential election it was decided to extend the branding to all machines made by the other computing divisions of the Remington Rand company (Engineering Research Associates and the Norwalk Laboratory of Remington Rand).

Subsequently after the merger of Remington Rand with the Sperry Corporation (under name of Sperry Rand) in 1955, it was decided to merge all three divisions along with Remington Rand's tabulator division into one unified organization under the name of the Univac division. This name would persist until the mid 1980's when it would be renamed to the Sperry Computer Systems Division, the last UNIVAC-badged system was the UNIVAC 1100/90 which was announced in 1982 and first shipped in late 1983.
The Little Lulu Show
The Little Lulu Show is an animated series based on Marjorie Henderson Buell's comic strip character Little Lulu. The series first aired in 1995 and ended in 1999.

The series was produced by the CINAR Corporation, in association with Western Publishing Company, Inc./Golden Books Family Entertainment, alongside HBO, Beta Film and the CTV Television Network Ltd. for the first two seasons, with the participation of The Cable Production Fund (Season 2) and the Family Channel (Season 3). For the third season, TMO-Loonland Film co-produced the series with CINAR.

Wunschpunsch
Wunschpunsch (French: Wounchpounch, German: Der Wunschpunsch lit. "Wish Punch") is a children's animated series, co-produced by Saban International Paris, CinéGroupe and TF1, with the participation of Ventura Film Distributors B.V. and ARD/Degeto, and with the collaboration of Radio-Canada. The series is inspired by the 1989 German novel The Night of Wishes by Michael Ende. The series aired on Radio-Canada in Canada from October 14, 2000 to March 16, 2002, in France on TF1, in the Netherlands on Disney Channel, in Europe and MENA on Fox Kids (later Jetix) and Jetix Play, and in Germany on ARD and KiKa.