hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Crustose lichen
Crustose lichens are lichens that form a crust which strongly adheres to the substrate (soil, rock, tree bark, etc.), making separation from the substrate impossible without destruction. The basic structure of crustose lichens consists of a cortex layer, an algal layer, and a medulla. The upper cortex layer is differentiated and is usually pigmented. The algal layer lies beneath the cortex. The medulla fastens the lichen to the substrate and is made up of fungal hyphae. The surface of crustose lichens is characterized by branching cracks that periodically close in response to climatic variations such as alternate wetting and drying regimes.

Bryophilous lichen
A bryophilous lichen is one that grows on a bryophyte – that is, on a moss or liverwort. Those that grow on mosses are muscicolous lichens, while those that grow on liverworts are hepaticolous lichens. Muscicolous derives from the Latin muscus meaning moss, while the suffix colous means "living or growing in or on". Lichens are slow-growing organisms, and so are far more likely to be overgrown by a bryophyte than to overgrow one. However, they are better able to compete if the bryophyte is sickly or decaying and they can be parasitic upon them. Some, rather than overgrowing the bryophyte, instead live among its branches. Bryophilous lichens are particularly common in heathland and arctic or alpine tundra. Because many are small and inconspicuous, they are easy to overlook.
Gmina
The gmina (Polish: [ˈɡmina], pl. gminy [ˈɡminɨ]) is the basic unit of the administrative division of Poland, similar to a municipality. As of 1 January 2019, there were 2,479 gminy throughout the country, encompassing over 43,000 villages. 940 gminy include cities and towns, with 322 among them constituting an independent urban gmina (Polish: gmina miejska) consisting solely of a standalone town or one of the 107 cities, the latter governed by a city mayor (prezydent miasta).

The gmina has been the basic unit of territorial division in Poland since 1974, when it replaced the smaller gromada. Three or more gminy make up a higher level unit called a powiat, except for those holding the status of a city with powiat rights. Each and every powiat has the seat in a city or town, in the latter case either an urban gmina or a part of an urban-rural one.

Września County
Września County (Polish: powiat wrzesiński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Września; the county is administered from the district office building.

The county covers an area of 704.19 square kilometres (271.9 sq mi). As of 2012 its total population is 76,453.
East Peoria, Illinois
East Peoria is a city in Tazewell County, Illinois, United States. The population was 22,484 at the 2020 census. East Peoria is part of the Peoria metropolitan area, located across the Illinois River from downtown Peoria. It is home to many Caterpillar Inc. facilities.

The city is the site of the Par-A-Dice Hotel and Casino, as well as the city's major business center, the Levee District. Located just east of the Illinois River, East Peoria has many points of access to and from the Peoria area. It is also the location of the Festival of Lights, an annual Christmas light display that runs from November to January and draws thousands of visitors from all over central Illinois.

North Pekin, Illinois
North Pekin is a village in Tazewell County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, North Pekin had a population of 1,478. North Pekin is a suburb of Peoria and is part of the Peoria, Illinois Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Jhabua district
Jhabua district (Hindi pronunciation: [d͡ʒʱaːbʊaː]) is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The town of Jhabua is the administrative headquarters of the district.Jhabua district is located western part of Madhya Pradesh.

Barwani district
22°01′29″N 74°55′05″E﻿ / ﻿22.02485°N 74.91805°E﻿ / 22.02485; 74.91805

Barwani district (Hindi pronunciation: [bəɽʋaːniː]) is one of the districts of Madhya Pradesh state of India. The administrative headquarters of the district is at Barwani.

Barwani district has an area of 5,427 km² and a population 1,385,881 (2011 census). The district lies in the southwestern corner of Madhya Pradesh; the Narmada River forms its northern boundary. The Satpura Range lies to its south. The district is bordered by Maharashtra state to the south, Gujarat state to the west, Dhar District to the north and Khargone District to the east.
Kirk Franklin
Kirk Dewayne Franklin (born January 26, 1970) is an American gospel musician, rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer. Franklin's accolades include 20 Grammy Awards. Variety has called Franklin a "Reigning King of Urban Gospel", and Franklin is one of the inaugural inductees into the Black Music & Entertainment Walk of Fame. Franklin has also been associated with The Family, God's Property, and One Nation Crew (1NC).

Don Moen
Donald James "Don" Moen (born June 29, 1950) is an American singer, songwriter, pastor, and producer of Christian worship music. A pioneer of the modern worship music movement, he served as a creative director and president of Integrity Music and executive producer for the label's Hosanna! Music series of albums.

During his tenure at Integrity, he produced 11 volumes of the series and released his own solo albums, including Give Thanks (1986), which was certified Gold by the RIAA. As a songwriter, he is best known for worship standards such as "God Will Make a Way" and "Thank You, Lord." His work has received numerous accolades, including a Dove Award.
Flying Water
Flying Water (8 April 1973 – 25 June 1978) was a French Thoroughbred racehorse. In a racing career that was disrupted by injury, she ran eleven times and won six races between July 1975 and June 1978. After winning her only race as a two-year-old, she won the Classic 1000 Guineas at Newmarket Racecourse in the spring of 1977. Having missed the second half of her three-year-old season through injury, she returned in 1978. She defeated leading sprinters in the Prix Maurice de Gheest, mile specialists in the Prix Jacques Le Marois, and middle-distances horses in the Champion Stakes. In 1978, she was sent to race in the United States where she was killed in an accident in a race at Belmont Park on 25 June.

Habitat (horse)
Habitat (4 May 1966 – 23 June 1987) was an American-bred,  British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a racing career which lasted from April until October 1969, the colt ran eight times and won five races. Unraced as a two-year-old, he proved to be the best European miler of 1969, winning the Lockinge Stakes and the Wills Mile in England and travelling to France to win the Prix Quincey and the Prix du Moulin. He was then retired to stud where he became a very successful sire of racehorses and broodmares.
Arsen Dedić
Arsenije "Arsen" Dedić (pronounced [ǎrsɛːnijɛ ǎrsen děːditɕ]; 28 July 1938 – 17 August 2015) was a Yugoslav and Croatian singer-songwriter. He wrote and performed chansons, as well as film music. He was also an award-winning poet, and was one of the best-selling poets of former Yugoslavia and Croatia.

Indexi
Indexi were a Bosnian and former Yugoslav rock band popular in Yugoslavia. It formed in 1962 in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and disbanded in 2001 when singer Davorin Popović died. Some of their most notable songs are  "Svijet u kome živim" and "Negdje u kraju, u zatišju" with lyrics by Želimir Altarac Čičak, "Plima", "Sve ove godine", "Sanjam", "Predaj se, srce" and "Bacila je sve niz rijeku", which was later covered by many other ex-Yugoslavian groups, notably Crvena jabuka.

Indexi formed in 1962, and their name was derived from the "Indeks" which was a student's grade log. They began by making instrumental covers of popular hits, but in 1967 started composing. They were known as the "Pioneers of Psychedelic Rock", and were inspired by many bands like the Beatles, Yes, and The Guess Who.
Celaya F.C.
Celaya Fútbol Club, simplified as Celaya FC, is a Mexican professional football club based in Celaya, Guanajuato. It competes in Liga Premier, the third level division of Mexican football, and plays its home matches at the Estadio Miguel Alemán Valdés. Founded in 1954, the club changed its name to Real Celaya in 1991, then as Atlético Celaya in 1994. After its dissolution in 2002, the club returns as Cajeteros de Celaya (2003–2007), and later renamed as Club Celaya in 2007. Since 2008, the club uses its original name.

Alebrijes de Oaxaca
Alebrijes de Oaxaca Fútbol Club, simplified as Alebrijes de Oaxaca FC, is a Mexican professional football club based in Oaxaca. It competes in Liga de Expansión MX, the second level division of Mexican football, and plays its home matches at the Estadio Tecnológico de Oaxaca. Founded in 2012, after the Tecamachalco franchise earned the promotion to Ascenso MX and was moved to Oaxaca, due to poor infrastructure they were unable to participate.
Sargans
Sargans (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ˈzarɡans]) is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Sarganserland in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.

Sargans is known for its castle, which dates from before the founding of the Swiss Confederation in 1291. Sargans was also a County of the Holy Roman Empire; see County of Sargans.

Buchs, St. Gallen
Buchs (German pronunciation: [bʊks] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Werdenberg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. It serves as an important economic and transport hub, situated on the border with Liechtenstein. Buchs officially became a town (German: Stadt) in 2002.
Local municipality (South Africa)
In South Africa, a local municipality (Tswana: mmasepalaselegae; Sotho: masepala wa lehae; Northern Sotho: mmasepala wa selegae; Afrikaans: plaaslike munisipaliteit; Zulu: umasipala wendawo; Southern Ndebele: umasipaladi wendawo; Xhosa: umasipala wengingqi; Swazi: masipaladi wasekhaya; Venda: masipalawapo; Tsonga: masipala wa muganga) or Category B municipality is a type of municipality that serves as the third, and most local, tier of local government. Each district municipality is divided into a number of local municipalities, and responsibility for municipal affairs is divided between the district and local municipalities. There are 205 local municipalities in South Africa.

A local municipality may include rural areas as well as one or more towns or small cities. In larger urban areas there are no district or local municipalities, and a metropolitan municipality is responsible for all municipal affairs.

Gert Sibande District Municipality
Gert Sibande (until 2004 known as the Eastvaal District Municipality) is one of the 3 districts of Mpumalanga province of South Africa. The seat of Gert Sibande is Ermelo. The majority of its 900,007 people speak IsiZulu (2001 Census). The district code is DC30. On 15 October 2004, the municipality changed its name from the "Eastvaal" (Afrikaans: Oosvaal) to "Gert Sibande" District Municipality. The district is named after the ANC activist Gert Sibande.
1969 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 1969 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held in Bourg St.-Maurice, France under the auspices of International Canoe Federation. It was the 11th edition. The mixed C2 team event returned for the third and final time after not being held at the previous championships. East Germany, having one medal at every occasion since 1951, didn't take part because of political reasons.

1973 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 1973 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held in Muotathal, Switzerland under the auspices of International Canoe Federation. It was the 13th edition. A record nine nations won medals at the championships.
CNBC
The Consumer News and Business Channel (CNBC) is an American business news channel owned by Versant. The network broadcasts live business news and analysis programming during the morning, daytime business day, and early-evening hours, with the remaining hours (such as weekday prime time and weekends) filled by business-related documentaries and reality television programming, as well as occasional sports presentations from USA Sports (previously served by NBC Sports). CNBC operates an accompanying financial news website, CNBC.com, which includes news articles, video and podcast content, as well as subscription-based services. CNBC's headquarters and main studios are located in Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, while it also maintains a studio at the Nasdaq MarketSite in Times Square, New York City.

Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney
The acquisition of 21st Century Fox by the Walt Disney Company was announced on December 14, 2017, and was completed on March 20, 2019. Among other key assets, the acquisition included the 20th Century Fox film and television studios, U.S. cable channels such as FX, Fox Networks Group, a 73% stake in National Geographic Partners, Indian television broadcaster Star India, and a 30% stake in Hulu. Most remaining assets (including the Fox Broadcasting Company, Fox Television Stations, Fox News Channel, Fox Business, Fox Sports 1 and 2, Fox Deportes, and the Big Ten Network), which were excluded from the deal, were spun off into a new company called Fox Corporation on March 19, 2019 (a day before the acquisition was completed). Other 21st Century Fox assets such as the Fox Sports Networks and Sky were divested and sold off to Sinclair and Comcast, respectively.
Laino
Laino (Comasco: Laìn [laˈĩː]) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) north of Milan and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) north of Como.

Laino borders the following municipalities: Alta Valle Intelvi, Blessagno, Centro Valle Intelvi, Claino con Osteno, Colonno, Pigra, Ponna.

Painter Livio Retti was born in Laino (30 November 1692).

Quaglio
The surname Quaglio belongs to a large family of artists, both painters, architects, and scenographers (stage designers), originally from Laino, between Lake Como and Lake Lugano. They were active mainly from the 17th to 20th century, both in Italy and in Austria and Germany. They include:

Giulio Quaglio the Elder (1610–1658)

Giulio Quaglio the Younger (1668–1751)

Giovanni Maria Quaglio the Elder (1700–1765)

Domenico Quaglio the Elder (1708–1773)

Lorenzo Quaglio the Elder (1730–1804)

Giuseppe Quaglio (1747–1828)

Giulio Quaglio III (1764–1801)

Giovanni Maria Quaglio the Younger (1772–1803)

Angelo Quaglio the Elder (1778–1815)

Domenico Quaglio the Younger (1787–1837)

Lorenzo Quaglio the Younger (1793–1869)

Simon Quaglio (1795–1878)

Angelo Quaglio the Younger (1829–1890)

Franz Quaglio (1844–1920)

Eugen Quaglio (1857–1942)
Conneaut Lake, Pennsylvania
Conneaut Lake /ˈkɒniˌɔːt/ is a borough in Crawford County, Pennsylvania, located at the southern end of the lake of the same name. The population was 625 at the 2020 census, down from 653 at the 2010 census.

Pennsylvania Route 18
Pennsylvania Route 18 (PA 18) is a major north–south highway in Western Pennsylvania whose southern terminus is at the West Virginia state line, where it continues as WV 69, while the northern terminus is at PA 5 in Lake City. At a length of 205 miles (330 km), PA 18 is the only state route in Pennsylvania — north–south or east–west — to traverse the entire state. It also has the distinction of being the longest state route in Pennsylvania.
Edie Sedgwick
Edith Minturn Sedgwick Post (April 20, 1943 – November 16, 1971) was an American actress, model, and socialite. Best known as a Warhol superstar, she gained widespread recognition as a style icon; in 1965, Vogue magazine named her a "Youthquaker," recognizing her influence on youth culture.

Sedgwick starred in several of Andy Warhol's underground films, including Poor Little Rich Girl (1965) and Beauty No. 2 (1965). After leaving Warhol's Factory scene in 1966, she pursued acting and modeling independently but never regained the same level of prominence. Her mental health deteriorated from drug abuse, and she struggled to complete the semi-autobiographical film Ciao! Manhattan (1972). Sedgwick died of an overdose in 1971 at the age of 28.

Women's Wear Daily
Women's Wear Daily (also known as WWD) is a fashion-industry trade journal often referred to as the "Bible of fashion". It provides information and intelligence on changing trends and breaking news in the men's and women's fashion, beauty, and retail industries. Its readership is made up largely of retailers, designers, manufacturers, marketers, financiers, media executives, advertising agencies, socialites, and trend makers.

WWD is the flagship publication of Fairchild Media, which is owned by Penske Media Corporation. In April 2015, the paper switched from a daily print format to a weekly print format, accompanied by a daily digital edition. In 2017, it announced it would ramp up its focus on digital, reducing its regular print schedule further and opting instead to publish print issues only during fashion weeks and certain other events.
Peloponnese
The Peloponnese, Peloponnesus, or Morea, is a peninsula and geographic region in Southern Greece, and the southernmost region of the Balkans. It is connected to the central part of the country by the Isthmus of Corinth land bridge, which separates the Gulf of Corinth from the Saronic Gulf. From the late Middle Ages until the 19th century, the peninsula was known as the Morea, a name still in colloquial use in its demotic form.

The peninsula is divided among three administrative regions: most belong to the Peloponnese region, with smaller parts belonging to the West Greece and Attica regions.

Mega Spilaio
Mega Spilaio (Greek: Μέγα Σπήλαιο, lit. 'Great Cave'), formally the Monastery of the Dormition of the Theotokos (Ιερά Μονή Κοιμήσεως της Θεοτόκου), is a Greek Orthodox monastery in the municipality of Kalavryta, in the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece.
Magnum, P.I.
Magnum, P.I. is an American crime drama television series starring Tom Selleck as Thomas Magnum, a private investigator (P.I.) living in Oahu, Hawaii. The series ran from December 11, 1980, to May 1, 1988, during its first-run broadcast on the American television network CBS.

Magnum, P.I. consistently ranked in the top 20 U.S. television programs in the Nielsen ratings during the first five years of its original run, finishing as high as number three for the 1982–83 season. The series entered syndication in 1986 under the title Magnum in order to differentiate reruns from new episodes still airing under the original title on CBS.

A remake series of the same name was ordered to series on May 11, 2018, and premiered on September 24, 2018, on CBS.

List of Magnum, P.I. episodes
Magnum, P.I. is an American crime drama television series starring Tom Selleck as Thomas Magnum, a private investigator in Hawaii. The series ran on CBS, which broadcast 162 first-run episodes over eight seasons, from December 11, 1980, to May 1, 1988.
Greylake
Greylake is a hamlet in Middlezoy parish in Somerset, England. It lies on the A361 road about a mile northeast of Middlezoy village, and 5.5 miles (9 km) south-east of the town of Bridgwater. It gives its name to a Site of Special Scientific Interest which lies north of the hamlet.

North Moor
North Moor (grid reference ST325305) is a 676.3 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest near Lyng in Somerset, England. It was designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest in 1986.

North Moor is a nationally important grazing marsh and ditch system on the Somerset Levels and Moors. A range of neutral grassland types supporting common and scarce plants has developed mainly due to variations in soils and management practices. Aquatic plant communities are exceptionally diverse with good populations of nationally scarce species. The site has special interest in its bird life.

North Moor was flooded during the Winter flooding of 2013–14 on the Somerset Levels.
1989 San Marino Grand Prix
The 1989 San Marino Grand Prix (formally the IX Gran Premio Kronenbourg di San Marino) was a Formula One motor race held at the Imola circuit on 23 April 1989. It was the second race of the 1989 Formula One season. The race was overshadowed by Gerhard Berger's massive accident at Tamburello corner. The race was stopped for one hour and restarted. The race was won by Ayrton Senna who started from pole position. 
The Grand Prix had a total of 39 entrants, the largest amount in Formula One history. This record was equalled in the following 14 races of the season but, as of 2024, it has not been broken.

1989 Canadian Grand Prix
The 1989 Canadian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Circuit Gilles Villeneuve on 18 June 1989. It was the sixth race of the 1989 Formula One World Championship.

The 69-lap race was won by Belgian driver Thierry Boutsen, driving a Williams-Renault. Boutsen took his first F1 victory, and the first for Williams with Renault engines, after Brazilian Ayrton Senna suffered an engine failure in his McLaren-Honda late on. Boutsen's Italian teammate Riccardo Patrese finished second with another Italian, Andrea de Cesaris, third in a Dallara-Ford.
Philosophy of mathematics
Philosophy of mathematics is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of mathematics and its relationship to other areas of philosophy, particularly epistemology and metaphysics. Central questions posed include whether or not mathematical objects are purely abstract entities or are in some way concrete, and in what the relationship such objects have with physical reality consists.

Major themes that are dealt with in philosophy of mathematics include:

Reality: The question is whether mathematics is a pure product of human mind or whether it has some reality by itself.

Logic and rigor

Relationship with physical reality

Relationship with science

Relationship with applications

Mathematical truth

Nature as human activity (science, art, game, or all together)

Rudolf Carnap
Rudolf Carnap (/ˈkɑːrnæp/; German: [ˈkaʁnaːp]; 18 May 1891 – 14 September 1970) was a German philosopher who was active in Europe before 1935 and in the United States thereafter. He was a major member of the Vienna Circle and an advocate of logical positivism.
Baptismal font
A baptismal font is an ecclesiastical architectural element, which serves as a receptacle for baptismal water used for baptism, as a part of Christian initiation for both rites of infant and adult baptism.

Cathedra
A cathedra is the throne of a bishop, found in the cathedral church of his diocese. The word derives from the Greek καθέδρα (kathédra), meaning "seat", especially one used by a bishop or teacher; this term is also the ultimate source of the word "chair".
Al Cárdenas
Alberto Remigio Cárdenas Pardo (born January 3, 1948) is a Cuban-born American lawyer, politician and conservative activist who is a partner in the law firm of Squire Patton Boggs and in the Advocacy Group at Cardenas Partners. He has been named as one of Washington D.C.'s top lobbyists by The Hill newspaper. Cardenas was a member of the Board of Trustees of Florida A&M University.

Republican Party of Florida
The Republican Party of Florida (RPOF), also called the Florida Republican Party, is the affiliate of the Republican Party in the U.S. state of Florida.   It is currently the state's dominant party, controlling 20 out of 28 of Florida's United States House of Representatives seats, both United States Senate seats, the Governor of Florida and all other statewide offices, and has supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature.

The Republican Party held power in state politics during the Reconstruction era after the American Civil War and included African American legislators and officials. Democrats regained power in Florida and across the South until the 1960s.