hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Annan, Dumfries and Galloway
Annan (/ˈænən/ AN-ən; Scottish Gaelic: Inbhir Anainn) is a town and former royal burgh in Dumfries and Galloway, south-west Scotland. Historically part of Dumfriesshire, its public buildings include Annan Academy, of which the writer Thomas Carlyle was a pupil, and a Georgian building now known as "Bridge House". Annan also features a Historic Resources Centre. In Port Street, some of the windows remain blocked up to avoid paying the window tax.

Each year on the first Saturday in July, Annan celebrates the Royal Charter and the boundaries of the Royal Burgh are confirmed when a mounted cavalcade undertakes the Riding of the Marches. Entertainment includes a procession, sports, field displays and massed pipe bands. Annan's in America first migrated to New York and Virginia.  Annandale Virginia is an early settlement which celebrates The Scottish Games annually.

Solway Junction Railway
The Solway Junction Railway was built by an independent railway company to shorten the route from ironstone mines in Cumberland to ironworks in Lanarkshire and Ayrshire.

It opened in 1869, and it involved a viaduct 1 mile 8 chains (1.8 km) long crossing the Solway Firth, as well as approach lines connecting existing railways on both sides.

The viaduct was susceptible to damage from floating ice sheets, and the rising cost of repairs and maintenance, and falling traffic volumes as the Cumberland fields became uncompetitive, led to closure of the viaduct in 1921. The viaduct and the connecting railways were dismantled, and now only the shore embankments remain.
Russian Museum
The State Russian Museum (Russian: Государственный Русский музей), formerly known as the Russian Museum of His Imperial Majesty Alexander III (Russian: Русский Музей Императора Александра III), on Arts Square  in Saint Petersburg, is the world's largest depository of Russian fine art. It is also one of the largest art museums in the world with a total area over 30 hectares. In 2022 it attracted  2,651,688  visitors, ranking twelfth on list of most-visited art museums in the world.

Sergei Yefimovich Zakharov
Sergei Yefimovich Zakharov (Russian: Серге́й Ефи́мович Заха́ров; November 26, 1900, in the town of Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky, Sakalin Province, Russian Empire – January 24, 1993, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation) was a Russian Soviet painter, watercolorist, graphic artist, and interior designer.He lived and worked in Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg). He was a member of the Leningrad Union of Artists, and regarded as one of the brightest representatives of the Leningrad school of painting and graphics, most famous for his watercolors of fruits and flowers.
2019–20 Scottish Premiership
The 2019–20 Scottish Premiership (known as the Ladbrokes Premiership for sponsorship reasons) was the seventh season of the Scottish Premiership, the highest division of Scottish football. The fixtures were published on 21 June 2019 and the season began on 3 August 2019. Celtic were the defending champions.

Twelve teams contested the league: Aberdeen, Celtic, Hamilton Academical, Heart of Midlothian, Hibernian, Kilmarnock, Livingston, Motherwell, Rangers, Ross County, St Johnstone and St Mirren.

On 13 March 2020, the Scottish football season was suspended with immediate effect due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Premiership was curtailed on 18 May 2020, with average points per game used to determine final league positions. As a result, Celtic were awarded a ninth consecutive title, whilst Hearts were controversially demoted to the Championship, a decision which prompted the Edinburgh-based club to pursue ultimately unsuccessful legal action.

2020–21 Scottish Premiership
The 2020–21 Scottish Premiership was the eighth season of the Scottish Premiership, the 124th edition of the highest division of Scottish football. The fixtures were published on 6 July 2020, with the season beginning on 1 August, following Scottish Government approval due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland.

Twelve teams contested the league: Aberdeen, Celtic, Dundee United, Hamilton Academical, Hibernian, Kilmarnock, Livingston, Motherwell, Rangers, Ross County, St Johnstone and St Mirren. Celtic were the defending champions, seeking a record-breaking tenth successive title.

On 7 March, Rangers clinched their 55th title, their first since 2011, and the earliest title clinching date after Celtic drew 0–0 away to Dundee United with 6 games remaining. Rangers also completed an unbeaten league season on 15 May 2021 after a 4–0 win against Aberdeen on the final matchday.
Sudbury (federal electoral district)
Sudbury is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1949. The district is one of two serving the city of Greater Sudbury, Ontario.

Thunder Bay—Rainy River
Thunder Bay—Rainy River is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004. It first elected a member in the 2004 federal election.
Smolensk Oblast
Smolensk Oblast (Russian: Смоленская область, romanized: Smolenskaya oblastʹ), informally also called Smolenshchina (Смоленщина), is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative centre is the city of Smolensk. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 888,421.

Romanization of Russian
The romanization of the Russian language (the transliteration of Russian text from the Cyrillic script into the Latin script), aside from its primary use for including Russian names and words in text written in a Latin alphabet, is also essential for computer users to input Russian text who either do not have a keyboard or word processor set up for inputting Cyrillic, or else are not capable of typing rapidly using a native Russian keyboard layout (JCUKEN). In the latter case, they would type using a system of transliteration fitted for their keyboard layout, such as for English QWERTY keyboards, and then use an automated tool to convert the text into Cyrillic.
WTA Tour
The WTA Tour (also known as the WTA Tour Driven by Mercedes-Benz for sponsorship reasons) is a worldwide top-tier tennis tour for women and organized by the Women's Tennis Association. The second-tier tour is the WTA 125 series, and third-tier is the ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. The men's equivalent is the ATP Tour.

WTA Slovenia Open
The Slovenia Open was a women's tennis tournament held in Portorož, Slovenia, originally from 2005 until 2010, and returned to the tour in 2021 and 2022. The WTA Tour event was a WTA International category, and then transitioned to its most recent variant, the WTA 250 category. It was played on outdoor hardcourts.

Katarina Srebotnik finished runner-up in the singles finals of 2005 and 2007, and in the doubles final in 2005.
Tibetan script
The Tibetan script is a segmental writing system, or abugida, forming a part of the Brahmic scripts, and used to write certain Tibetic languages, including Tibetan, Dzongkha, Sikkimese, Ladakhi, Jirel and Balti. Its exact origins are a subject of research but is traditionally considered to be developed by Thonmi Sambhota for King Songtsen Gampo.

The Tibetan script has also been used for some non-Tibetic languages in close cultural contact with Tibet, such as Thakali and Nepali. The printed form is called uchen script while the hand-written form used in everyday writing is called umê script. This writing system is especially used across the Himalayan Region.

Baiyü County
Baiyü County or Pelyül (Tibetan: དཔལ་ཡུལ།, Chinese: 白玉县) is a county in far western Sichuan, China on the border with the Tibet Autonomous Region. It is under the administration of the Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.
Lausanne HC
Lausanne Hockey Club is a professional ice hockey team based in Lausanne, Switzerland. The team competes in the National League (NL), the highest league in Switzerland. The team plays its home games in the 10,000-seat Vaudoise Aréna.

Switzerland men's national ice hockey team
The Switzerland men's national ice hockey team (German: Schweizer Eishockeynationalmannschaft; French: Équipe de Suisse de hockey sur glace; Italian: Nazionale di hockey su ghiaccio della Svizzera) is a founding member of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) and is controlled by the Swiss Ice Hockey Federation.

As of 2026, the Swiss team is ranked 2nd in the IIHF World Rankings.
2025 Qatar 1812 km
The 2025 Qatar 1812 km (formally known as the 2025 Qatar Airways Qatar 1812 km) was an endurance sportscar racing event held between 26 and 28 February 2025, as the first of eight rounds of the 2025 FIA World Endurance Championship. It was the second consecutive running of the event.

2025 6 Hours of Imola
The 2025 6 Hours of Imola was an endurance sportscar racing event, held between 18 and 20 April 2025, as the second of eight rounds of the 2025 FIA World Endurance Championship. It was the third running of the event, and the second consecutive running of the event as part of the World Endurance Championship.
BBC Studios Home Entertainment
2 Entertain Video Limited, trading as BBC Studios Home Entertainment, is a British video and music publisher founded in 2004 following the merger of BBC Video and Video Collection International by BBC Worldwide and the Woolworths Group respectively.

Acorn DVD
RLJE International Ltd, d/b/a Acorn Media, is a British company that publishes and distributes DVDs, as well as selling home-video products and streaming videos with a particular focus on British television.
Kemenche
Kemenche (Turkish: kemençe; Greek: κεμεντζές) or kamancha (Persian: کمانچه; Armenian: Քամանչա) is a name used for various types of stringed bowed musical instruments originating in the Eastern Mediterranean, particularly in Greece, Armenia, Iran, Turkey, and Azerbaijan. and regions adjacent to the Black Sea. These instruments are folk instruments, generally having three strings and played held upright with their tail on the knee of the musician. The name Kemenche derives from the Persian Kamancheh, meaning a "small bow".

Byzantine lyra
The Byzantine lyra or lira (Greek: λύρα) was a medieval bowed string musical instrument in the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire. In its popular form, the lyra was a pear-shaped instrument with three to five strings, held upright and played by stopping the strings from the side with the fingertips and fingernails. The oldest known depiction of the instrument is on a Byzantine ivory casket, dated to circa 900–1100 AD, preserved in the Bargello in Florence (Museo Nazionale, Florence, Coll. Carrand, No.26). Modern variants of the lyra are still played throughout the Balkans and in areas surrounding the Black Sea (and most of the historical territories of the Byzantine Empire), including Greece, Crete (Cretan lyra), Karpathos (Karpathian lyra), Albania, Montenegro, Serbia, Bulgaria (the gadulka), North Macedonia, Croatia (Dalmatian lijerica), Italy (the Calabrian lira), Turkey (the politiki lyra and the Pontic lyra or kemençe) and Armenia.
Naqshbandi Order
Naqshbandi (Persian: نقشبندیه) is a major Sufi order within Sunni Islam, named after its 14th-century founder, Baha' al-Din Naqshband. Practitioners, known as Naqshbandis, trace their spiritual lineage (silsila) directly to the Prophet Muhammad through the first caliph, Abu Bakr, via Ja'far al-Sadiq. The Naqshbandi order is distinct for its strict adherence to Sharia (Islamic law) and silent dhikr practices adopted from earlier Central Asian masters.

Lingchi
Lingchi (IPA: [lǐŋ.ʈʂʰɨ̌],  Chinese: 凌遲), usually translated "slow slicing" or "death by a thousand cuts", is a form of torture and execution that was used in China from approximately 900 CE until it was banned in 1905. It was also used in Vietnam and Korea. In this form of execution, a knife is used to methodically remove portions of the body over an extended period of time, eventually resulting in death. Lingchi was reserved for crimes viewed as especially heinous, such as treason. Even after the practice was outlawed, the concept itself has still appeared across many types of media.
Ultadanga
Ultadanga is a locality of North Kolkata in Kolkata district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is one of the important junctions in North Kolkata. Prominent places include Muchi Bazar and Telenga Bagan.

Garden Reach
Garden Reach is a neighbourhood of Kolkata in West Bengal, India. It is situated in the south-western part of Kolkata on the eastern banks of the Hooghly River. Localities within Garden Reach include Metiabruz, BNR Colony, Bandhabartala, Bartala, Badartala, Rajabagan and Santoshpur.
Toronto subway
The Toronto subway is a rapid transit system serving Toronto and the neighbouring city of Vaughan in Ontario, Canada. It is operated by the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC), an agency of the City of Toronto. The system is a rail network consisting of five lines: Line 1 Yonge–University, Line 2 Bloor–Danforth, Line 4 Sheppard, Line 5 Eglinton, and Line 6 Finch West.

In 1954, the TTC opened Canada's first underground rail line, then known as the "Yonge subway" and now part of Line 1, under Yonge Street between Union Station and Eglinton Avenue with 12 stations. As of 2026, the network encompasses 109 stations and 99.4 kilometres (61.8 mi) of route. In 2024, the system had a ridership of 331,789,000, or about 1,079,700 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2025, making it the busiest rapid transit system in Canada in terms of daily ridership. As of February 2026, there are 21 stations under construction as part of one new line (the Ontario Line) and two extensions to existing lines.

Downtown Toronto
Downtown Toronto is the main city centre of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Located entirely within the district of Old Toronto, it is approximately 16.6 square kilometres (6.4 sq mi) in area, bordered by Bloor Street to the northeast, a Canadian Pacific Railway line to the northwest, Lake Ontario to the south, the Don Valley to the east, and Bathurst Street to the west. It is also the home of the municipal government of Toronto and the Government of Ontario.

The area showcases Canada's largest concentration of skyscrapers and businesses that form Toronto's skyline. Since 2022, downtown Toronto had the second most skyscrapers in North America exceeding 200 metres (656 ft) in height, behind only Midtown Manhattan, New York City.
2024 Malaysia Masters
The 2024 Malaysia Masters (officially known as the Perodua Malaysia Masters 2024 presented by Daihatsu for sponsorship reasons) was a badminton tournament that took place at the Axiata Arena, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, from 21 to 26 May 2024 and had a total prize of US$420,000.

2024 China Open (badminton)
The 2024 China Open (officially known as the Victor China Open 2024 for sponsorship reasons) was a badminton tournament which took place at Changzhou Olympic Sports Centre Xincheng Gymnasium in Changzhou, Jiangsu, China from 17 to 22 September 2024 and had a total prize of $2,000,000 which is the biggest prize money offer for season calendar except BWF World Tour Finals.
Houseboat Horror
Houseboat Horror is a 1989 Australian slasher film that was shot on video, and then released to video in 1989. It is often described by critics and audiences as one of the worst Australian films ever made.

The Glenrowan Affair
The Glenrowan Affair is a 1951 film about Ned Kelly from director Rupert Kathner. It was Kathner's final film and stars VFL star Bob Chitty as Kelly. At the time of its release it was nominated as one of the worst films ever made in Australia.
Taipa
Taipa (Chinese: 氹仔; Jyutping: Tam5zai2, Cantonese pronunciation: [tʰɐ̌m.t͡sɐ̌i̯]; Portuguese: Taipa, pronounced [ˈtajpɐ]) is an area in Macau, connected to Coloane through the area known as Cotai, which is largely built from reclaimed land. Located on the northern half of the island, Taipa's population is mostly suburban. Administratively, the boundaries of the traditional civil parish Freguesia de Nossa Senhora do Carmo are mostly coterminous with that of the former Taipa Island, except for a portion of the parish that lies on the island of Hengqin (Montanha), housing the campus of the University of Macau.

Outer Harbour Ferry Terminal
The Outer Harbour Ferry Terminal (IATA: XZM) (Portuguese: Terminal Marítimo de Passageiros do Porto Exterior; traditional Chinese: 外港客運碼頭; simplified Chinese: 外港客运码头), also known as the Macau Maritime Ferry Terminal, Macau Ferry Terminal or Hong Kong-Macau Ferry Pier in Chinese (traditional Chinese: 港澳碼頭; simplified Chinese: 港澳码头), is a ferry terminal located at Porto Exterior, Sé, Macau, China.
World music
World music is an English phrase for styles of music from non-English-speaking countries, including quasi-traditional, intercultural, and traditional music.  World music's broad nature and elasticity as a musical category pose obstacles to a universal definition, but its ethic of interest in the culturally exotic is encapsulated in Roots magazine's description of the genre as "local music from out there".

There are several conflicting definitions for world music. Music that does not follow "North American or British pop and folk traditions" was given the term "world music" by music industries in Europe and North America. The term was popularized in the 1980s as a marketing category for non-Western traditional music. It has grown to include subgenres such as ethnic fusion (Clannad, Ry Cooder, Enya) and worldbeat.

Wesleyan University
Wesleyan University (/ˈwɛsliən/ ⓘ WESS-lee-ən) is a private liberal arts university in Middletown, Connecticut, United States. It was founded in 1831 as a men's college under the Methodist Episcopal Church and with the support of prominent residents of Middletown. It became a secular, coeducational institution.

Wesleyan is a primarily undergraduate institution with a small graduate program. It offers 47 majors as part of an open curriculum. The college accepted female applicants from 1872 to 1909, but did not become fully coeducational until 1970. Before full coeducation, Wesleyan alumni and other supporters of women's education established Connecticut College in 1912. Wesleyan, along with Amherst and Williams colleges, is part of "The Little Three". Its teams compete athletically as a member of the New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC) in NCAA Division III.
Paul Bril
Paul Bril (1554 – 7 October 1626) was a Flemish painter and printmaker principally known for his landscapes.  He spent most of his active career in Rome. His Italianate landscapes had a major influence on landscape painting in Italy and Northern Europe.

Jan Miel
Jan Miel (1599 – April 1664) was a Flemish painter and engraver who was active in Italy. He initially formed part of the circle of Dutch and Flemish genre painters in Rome who are referred to as the 'Bamboccianti' and were known for their scenes depicting the lower classes in Rome. He later developed away from the Bamboccianti style and painted history subjects in a classicising style.

He collaborated with many artists in Rome and worked in the latter part of his career in Turin as the court painter of Charles Emanuel II, the Duke of Savoy.
Lee Konitz
Leon "Lee" Konitz (October 13, 1927 – April 15, 2020) was an American jazz alto saxophonist and composer.

He performed successfully in a wide range of jazz styles, including bebop, cool jazz, and avant-garde jazz. Konitz's association with the cool jazz movement of the 1940s and 1950s includes participation in Miles Davis's Birth of the Cool sessions and his work with pianist Lennie Tristano. He was one of relatively few alto saxophonists of this era to retain a distinctive style, when Charlie Parker exerted a massive influence. Like other students of Tristano, Konitz improvised long, melodic lines with the rhythmic interest coming from odd accents, or odd note groupings suggestive of the imposition of one time signature over another. Other saxophonists were strongly influenced by Konitz, such as Paul Desmond and Art Pepper.

He died during the COVID-19 pandemic from complications brought on by the disease.

Ira Sullivan
Ira Sullivan (May 1, 1931 – September 21, 2020) was an American jazz trumpeter, flugelhornist, flautist, saxophonist, and composer born in Washington, D.C., United States.  An active musician since the 1950s, he often worked with Red Rodney and Lin Halliday.
Harvard Medical School
Harvard Medical School (HMS) is the medical school of Harvard University. It is located in the Longwood Medical Area in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1782, HMS is the third oldest medical school in the United States. It provides patient care, medical education, and research training through its 15 clinical affiliates and research institutes, including Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston Children's Hospital, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Mount Auburn Hospital, McLean Hospital, Cambridge Health Alliance, The Baker Center for Children and Families, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, and others.

Harvard Medical School also partners with newer entities such as Harvard Catalyst,  Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, the Center for Primary Care, and  Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University.

Jon Beckwith
Jonathan Roger Beckwith (born December 25, 1935, in Cambridge, Massachusetts) is an American microbiologist and geneticist. He is the American Cancer Society Professor in the Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology at  Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts.
Japanese frigate Kaiyō Maru
Kaiyō Maru (開陽丸) was one of Japan's first modern warships, a frigate powered by both sails and steam. She was built in the Netherlands, and served in the Boshin War as part of the navy of the Tokugawa shogunate, and later as part of the navy of the Republic of Ezo. She was wrecked on 15 November 1868, off Esashi, Hokkaido, Japan.

Japanese gunboat Chiyodagata
Chiyoda (千代田形, Chiyodagata) was a gunboat of the Tokugawa Navy, and Japan's first domestically-built steam warship (Japan's first steamship was the Unkōmaru (雲行丸) built by the fief of Satsuma in 1855). She was a 3rd class wooden gunboat and laid down May 7, 1861, and launched July 2, 1863 by the shipbuilder, and future industrial giant, Ishikawajima.

Completed in May 1866, she participated in the conflict of the Boshin War with the Bakufu loyalists, against the newly formed Imperial Army. She was captured during the Naval Battle of Hakodate Bay, and was grounded during the conflict. In May 1868 she was seized by the Japanese government, then captured by the rebels on 4 October 1868. Recaptured again by the Japanese government on 30 April 1869, she became a training ship until she was decommissioned on 28 January 1888. Afterwards she served as a whaling ship until 1911, after which time she was broken up (scrapped).
Ski resort
A ski resort is a resort developed for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter sports. In Europe, most ski resorts are towns or villages in or adjacent to a ski area–a mountainous area with pistes (ski trails) and a ski lift system. In North America, it is more common for ski areas to exist well away from towns, so ski resorts usually are destination resorts, often purpose-built and self-contained, where skiing is the main activity.

Indoor skiing
Indoor skiing is done in a climate-controlled environment with artificially produced snow. This enables skiing and snowboarding to take place regardless of outdoor temperatures. Facilities for both alpine skiing and nordic skiing are available.