hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of algae and plants. Its name is derived from the Greek words χλωρός (khloros, "pale green") and φύλλον (phyllon, "leaf"). Chlorophyll allows plants to absorb energy from light. Those pigments are involved in oxygenic photosynthesis, as opposed to bacteriochlorophylls, related molecules found only in bacteria and involved in anoxygenic photosynthesis.

Chlorophylls absorb light most strongly in the blue portion of the electromagnetic spectrum as well as the red portion. Conversely, it is a poor absorber of green and near-green portions of the spectrum. Hence chlorophyll-containing tissues appear green because green light, diffusively reflected by structures like cell walls, is less absorbed. Two types of chlorophyll exist in the photosystems of green plants: chlorophyll a and b.

Methyl group
In organic chemistry, a methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms, having chemical formula CH3 (whereas normal methane has the formula CH4). In formulas, the group is often abbreviated as Me. This hydrocarbon group occurs in many organic compounds. It is a very stable group in most molecules. While the methyl group is usually part of a larger molecule, bonded to the rest of the molecule by a single covalent bond (−CH3), it can be found on its own in any of three forms: methanide anion (CH−3), methylium cation (CH+3) or methyl radical (CH•3). The anion has eight valence electrons, the radical seven and the cation six. All three forms are highly reactive and rarely observed.
PTPRC
Protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C also known as PTPRC is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the PTPRC gene.  PTPRC is also known as CD45 antigen (CD stands for cluster of differentiation), which was originally called leukocyte common antigen (LCA).

PTPRC is a critical enzyme involved in regulating immune cell function. PTPRC is a transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase expressed on the surface of all nucleated hematopoietic cells, particularly lymphocytes. It plays a key role in the activation and differentiation of T cells, B cells, and other immune cells by modulating signaling pathways. It functions by dephosphorylating specific tyrosine residues on target proteins, thereby controlling various signaling processes essential for immune response and homeostasis.

CD19
B-lymphocyte antigen CD19, also known as CD19 molecule (Cluster of Differentiation 19), B-Lymphocyte Surface Antigen B4, T-Cell Surface Antigen Leu-12 and CVID3 is a transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the gene CD19. In humans, CD19 is expressed in all B lineage cells. Contrary to some early doubts, human plasma cells do express CD19. CD19 plays two major roles in human B cells: on the one hand, it acts as an adaptor protein to recruit cytoplasmic signaling proteins to the membrane; on the other, it works within the CD19/CD21 complex to decrease the threshold for B cell receptor signaling pathways. Due to its presence on all B cells, it is a biomarker for B lymphocyte development, lymphoma diagnosis and can be utilized as a target for leukemia immunotherapies.
Chittoor district
Chittoor district (pronunciationⓘ) is one of the eight districts in the Rayalaseema region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It had a population of 18,72,951 at the 2011 census of India. It is a major market centre for mangoes, grains, sugarcane, and peanuts. The district headquarters is at Chittoor City. The major cities/towns in the district are Chittoor, Nagari, Palamaner, and Kuppam.

Visakhapatnam district
Visakhapatnam district  is one of the six districts in the Uttarandhra region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, headquartered at Visakhapatnam.: 14  It is one of the twenty-six districts in Andhra Pradesh state. The district shares borders with Vizianagaram district in North and South-East and with Anakapalli district in the  south-west and Bay of Bengal in the south respectively.: 15
2006 Torneo Descentralizado
The 2006 Torneo Descentralizado (known as the Copa Cable Mágico for sponsorship reasons) was the ninetieth season of Peruvian football. A total of 12 teams competed in the tournament, with Sporting Cristal as the defending champion. Alianza Lima won its twenty-second Primera División title after beating Cienciano in the final playoffs. The season began on February 3, 2006, and ended on December 27, 2006.

2005 Torneo Descentralizado
The 2005 Torneo Descentralizado (known as the Copa Cable Mágico for sponsorship reasons) was the eighty-ninth season of Peruvian football. A total of 12 teams competed in the tournament. Sporting Cristal won its fifteenth Primera División title after beating Cienciano in the season final. The season started on March 5, 2005, ended on December 21, 2005.
Vršac
Vršac (Serbian Cyrillic: Вршац, pronounced [ʋr̩̂ʃat͡s]) is a city in the province of Vojvodina, Serbia. As of 2022, the city urban area had a population of 31,946, while the city administrative area had 45,462 inhabitants. It is located in the geographical region of Banat.

Temeşvar Eyalet
The Eyalet of Temeşvar (Ottoman Turkish: ;ایالت طمشوار Eyālet-i Tımışvār) was a first-level administrative unit (eyalet) of the Ottoman Empire. It existed from 1552 to 1716. Provincial administration was centered in Temeşvar (today's Timișoara) from 1552 to 1659, and again from 1693 to 1716. During the 1659–1693 interval, its second capital was Yanova (today's Ineu), and within that period, it was also known as the Eyalet of Yanova. The province was located in the Banat region of Central Europe. Besides Banat, it also included southern parts of the Crișana region, north of the river Mureș. Its territory is now divided between Hungary, Romania, and Serbia.
London and North Western Railway
The London and North Western Railway (LNWR, L&NWR) was a British railway company between 1846 and 1922. In the late 19th century, the LNWR was the largest joint stock company in the world.

Dubbed the "Premier Line", the LNWR's main line connected four of the largest cities in England; London, Birmingham, Manchester and Liverpool, and, through cooperation with their Scottish partners, the Caledonian Railway also connected Scotland's largest cities of Glasgow and Edinburgh. Today this route is known as the West Coast Main Line. The LNWR's network also extended into Wales and Yorkshire.

In 1923, it became a constituent of the London, Midland and Scottish (LMS) railway, and, in 1948, the London Midland Region of British Railways.

Middle Circle
The Middle Circle was a Great Western Railway service in London that operated from 1872 to 1905. The route was from the District Railway station at Mansion House to Earl's Court, then via the West London Railway to Latimer Road on to the Hammersmith & City Railway and then via the Metropolitan Railway to the City of London. Although not a complete circuit, it was one of several 'circle' routes around London that opened at the same time, such as the 'inner circle' that is today's Circle line. Trains would run once every 30 minutes. In 1900 the service was cut back to run from Earl's Court to Aldgate, and ended in 1905.
1933–36 Nordic Football Championship
The 1933–36 Nordic Football Championship was the third Nordic Football Championship staged. Four Nordic countries participated, Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. The tournament was arranged by the Football Association of Norway. The trophy was named the Nordiske Pokal (Nordic Trophy). A total of 24 matches were played with 104 goals scored giving an average of 4.33 goals per match.

1937–47 Nordic Football Championship
The 1937–47 Nordic Football Championship was the fourth Nordic Football Championship staged. Four Nordic countries participated, Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. The tournament was arranged by the Football Association of Finland. The trophy was named Suomen Karhut (Finnish Bears). The tournament which was originally supposed to end in 1940, but the Second World War interrupted it and the last six matches were not played until 1947.
James Dunn (theologian)
James Douglas Grant Dunn FBA (21 October 1939 – 26 June 2020), also known as Jimmy Dunn, was a British New Testament scholar, who was for many years the Lightfoot Professor of Divinity in the Department of Theology at the University of Durham. He is best known for his work on the New Perspective on Paul, which is also the title of a book he published in 2007.

He worked broadly within the Methodist tradition and was a member of the Church of Scotland and the Methodist Church of Great Britain during his life.

Bart D. Ehrman
Bart Denton Ehrman (born October 5, 1955) is an American New Testament scholar whose research focuses on the textual criticism of the New Testament, the historical Jesus, and the origins and development of early Christianity. He is the James A. Gray Distinguished Professor of Religious Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He is the author or editor of more than 30 books, including six New York Times bestsellers, and has created nine lecture series with The Great Courses. Ehrman also runs a membership blog whose proceeds support charities that address hunger and homelessness. As of March 2025, the blog had reportedly raised more than $3 million.
Regional road (Ireland)
A regional road (Irish: bóthar réigiúnach) in the Republic of Ireland is a class of road not forming a major route (such as a national primary road or national secondary road), but nevertheless forming a link in the national route network. There are over 11,600 kilometres (7,200 miles) of regional roads. Regional roads are numbered with three-digit route numbers, prefixed by "R" (e.g. R105). The equivalent road category in Northern Ireland are B roads.

N56 road (Ireland)
The N56 road is a national secondary road in Ireland that runs from Donegal Town clockwise to Letterkenny. As originally designated, it included the section of the N13 between Stranorlar and Letterkenny, forming a circular route including parts of the N15.

The route runs through the Gaeltacht in north-western County Donegal, forming a main coastal route in Ulster.

The road bypasses Donegal Town and Mountcharles at the southern end of the route, and skirts the edge of Letterkenny at the eastern end. Significant upgrade work began construction between 2012 and 2019 to upgrade parts of the route between Donegal Town and Dungloe in two separate schemes; from Mountcharles to Inver and from Glenties to Dungloe. Further works are being undertaken just south of Glenties in 2025.

It is proposed to bypass Dunkineely in a future stage of work from Inver to Killybegs in the Donegal County Development Plan
Prime Minister of Singapore
The prime minister of Singapore is the head of government of Singapore. The president appoints the prime minister on the advice and consent of the Cabinet of Singapore. The incumbent prime minister is Lawrence Wong, an MP for Marsiling–Yew Tee Group Representation Constituency from the governing People's Action Party, who took office on 15 May 2024.

Singapore is modelled after the Westminster system. The prime minister only governs with the confidence of the majority in Parliament; as such, the prime minister typically sits as a member of Parliament (MP) and leads the largest party or a coalition of parties. In practice, the prime minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.

Ministry of Health (Singapore)
The Ministry of Health (MOH; Malay: Kementerian Kesihatan; Chinese: 卫生部; Tamil: சுகாதார அமைச்சு) is a ministry of the Government of Singapore responsible for managing the public healthcare system in Singapore.
Kaluga
Kaluga (Russian: Калу́га, IPA: [kɐˈɫuɡə] ⓘ) is a city and the administrative center of Kaluga Oblast, Russia. It stands on the Oka River 150 kilometers (93 mi) southwest of Moscow. Its population was 337,058 at the 2021 census.

Kaluga's most famous resident, the space travel pioneer Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, worked there as a school teacher from 1892 to 1935. The Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics in Kaluga is dedicated to his theoretical achievements and to their practical implementations for modern space research, hence the motto on the city's coat of arms: Колыбель Космонавтики, Kolybélʹ kosmonávtiki ("The Cradle of Space-Exploration").

Wacław Rzewuski
Wacław Piotr Rzewuski (1706–1779) was a Polish dramatist and poet as well as a military commander and a Grand Crown Hetman. As a notable nobleman and magnate, Rzewuski held a number of important posts in the administration of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Commandery (China)
A commandery (Chinese: 郡; pinyin: jùn) was a historical administrative division of China that was in use from the Eastern Zhou (c. 7th century BCE) until the early Tang dynasty (c. 7th century CE). Several neighboring countries adopted Chinese commanderies as the basis for their own administrative divisions.

Rebellion of the Seven States
The Rebellion of the Seven States or Revolt of the Seven Kingdoms (simplified Chinese: 七国之乱; traditional Chinese: 七國之亂; pinyin: Qī Guó zhī Luàn) took place in 154 BC against the rule of Emperor Jing of the Western Han dynasty by its regional semi-autonomous kings, to resist the emperor's attempt to centralize the government further. The rebellion was crushed by the Western Han imperial forces within three months, and the powers of the imperial court grew exponentially afterward.
Epic Records
Epic Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony. The label was founded predominantly as a jazz and classical music label in 1953, but later expanded its scope to include a more diverse range of genres, including pop, R&B, rock, and hip-hop. Epic Records' current artists roster includes Travis Scott, Future, 21 Savage, Tyla, Meghan Trainor, André 3000, Tori Kelly, Beam, Bia, Judas Priest, Sade, Lamb of God, Coi Leray, DDG, Zara Larsson, Doe Boy, Eddie Benjamin, Fiona Apple, Giveon, Headie One, Mariah the Scientist, Mario, Real Boston Richey, Sara Bareilles, ScarLip, Yolanda Adams, Tom Walker, and will.i.am.

Astronaut (Duran Duran album)
Astronaut is the eleventh studio album by the English pop rock band Duran Duran, released on 28 September 2004 by Epic Records. It was Duran Duran's first studio album since Pop Trash (2000), and the first (and to date, last) full album since Seven and the Ragged Tiger (1983) to be recorded by the most famous five-member lineup of the band (the stand-alone 1985 single "A View to a Kill" was their last studio recording together).

Astronaut received mixed reviews from critics but was nevertheless a commercial success, peaking at number 3 on the UK Albums Chart to become the band's highest-charting album in the UK since Seven and the Ragged Tiger in 1983. The album also peaked at 17 on the U.S. Billboard 200 and reached the top ten in six other countries.

In 2021, the band signed a deal for the album with BMG (along with Medazzaland, Pop Trash and Red Carpet Massacre) which saw it being re-issued in the UK on various digital platforms.
Rangers cricket team
The Rangers are Zimbabwean first-class cricket team that was formed in 2019, ahead of the 2019–20 Logan Cup tournament. In December 2019, Rangers lost their opening match, against Mashonaland Eagles, by one wicket. In a truncated tournament, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Rangers finished bottom of the table, with just four points from their six matches.

2019–20 Pro50 Championship
The 2019–20 Pro50 Championship was the eighteenth edition of the Pro50 Championship, a List A cricket tournament that was played in Zimbabwe. It started on 4 February 2020, with five teams taking part. Mashonaland Eagles were the defending champions.

On 18 March 2020, Zimbabwe Cricket suspended all forms of cricket in the country due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On 4 May 2020, Zimbabwe Cricket voided the tournament due to the pandemic with no winner being declared.
12 Hours of Sebring
The 12 Hours of Sebring is an annual motorsport endurance race for sports cars held at Sebring International Raceway, on the site of the former Hendricks Army Airfield World War II air base in Sebring, Florida, United States. In the past, this race has been a round of the now defunct World Sportscar Championship, IMSA GT Championship and American Le Mans Series. In 2012, the race was the opening event of the FIA World Endurance Championship in a one off race before being returned to the American Le Mans Series for 2013. Starting in 2014, the event became the second round of the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship.

The race is considered to be one of the three legs of the informal Triple Crown of endurance racing along with the 24 Hours of Le Mans and 24 Hours of Daytona.

Carrera Panamericana
The Carrera Panamericana was a border-to-border sedan (stock and touring and sports car) rally racing event on open roads in Mexico similar to the Mille Miglia and Targa Florio in Italy. Running for five consecutive years from 1950 to 1954, it was widely held by contemporaries to be the most dangerous race of any type in the world. It has since been resurrected along some of the original course as a classic speed rally.
Geotourism
Geotourism is tourism associated with geological attractions and destinations. Geotourism (tourism with a geological base) deals with the abiotic natural and built environments. Geotourism was first defined in England by Thomas Alfred Hose in 1995.

Geoheritage
Geoheritage (a blend of geological and heritage) is the geological aspect of natural and cultural heritage. A geosite is a particular geological heritage asset.
It is a heritage category comparable to other forms of natural heritage, such as biodiversity.
Michael Holt (snooker player)
Michael Holt (born 7 August 1978) is an English professional snooker player from Nottingham. A former world Top 20 player, he has won one ranking event — the 2020 Snooker Shoot Out — and two minor-ranking tournaments. He was runner-up at two ranking events — the 2016 Riga Masters and the 2019 Snooker Shoot Out. Holt also reached the semi-finals of the 2013 Shanghai Masters as well as five other quarter-finals.

Peter Lines
Peter Lines (born 11 December 1969) is an English former professional snooker player. He has reached the semi-finals of one ranking tournament, the 2018 Paul Hunter Classic. He reached his highest ranking, 42nd in the world, in 1999. He is the father of professional snooker player Oliver Lines. In January 2022, he won the 2022 UK Seniors Championship, part of the World Seniors Tour.
Siegfried (opera)
Siegfried (German: [ˈziːk.fʀiːt] ⓘ), WWV 86C, is the third of the four epic music dramas that constitute Richard Wagner's cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen (English: The Ring of the Nibelung). It premiered at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus on 16 August 1876, as part of the first complete performance of The Ring cycle.

The autograph manuscript of the work is preserved in the Richard Wagner Foundation.

Baritone
A baritone is a type of classical male singing voice whose vocal range lies between the bass and the tenor voice-types. It is the most common male voice. The term originates from the Greek βαρύτονος (barýtonos), meaning "low sounding". Composers typically write music for this voice in the range from the second F below middle C to the F above middle C (i.e. F2–F4) in choral music, and from the second G below middle C to the G above middle C (G2 to G4) in operatic music, but the range can extend at either end. Subtypes of baritone include the baryton-Martin baritone (light baritone), lyric baritone, Kavalierbariton, Verdi baritone, dramatic baritone, baryton-noble baritone, and the bass-baritone.
Raghava Lawrence
Raghava Lawrence (born Lawrence Murugaiyan) is an Indian actor, choreographer, film director, composer, playback singer, lyricist, film producer and philanthropist known for his works primarily in Tamil cinema. After making his debut as a dance choreographer in 1993, he began looking for acting opportunities. He began his career as an actor in 1998, in a Telugu film.

He adopted the name "Raghava" in 2001, and choreographed songs for many prominent actors and directors in Tamil and Telugu cinema throughout his career. He got his breakthrough as an actor with the Telugu film Style (2006) and Tamil horror comedy Muni (2007). As a choreographer, he is known for his simple but intricate hip-hop and westernised dance moves and has won four Filmfare Awards, three Nandi Awards, and two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards for Best Choreography and one Vijay Awards for social responsibility.

Masala film
Masala films of Indian cinema are those that blend multiple genres into one work. Masala films emerged in the 1970s and are still being created as of the 2020s. Typically these films freely blend action, comedy, romance, and drama, or melodrama. They also tend to be musicals, often including songs filmed in picturesque locations.

The genre is named after the masala, a mixture of spices in Indian cuisine. According to The Hindu, masala is the most popular genre of Indian cinema. Masala films have origins in the 1970s and are common in every major film industry in India. Production of these films is still active in the mid-2020s.
Glienicke Bridge
The Glienicke Bridge (German: Glienicker Brücke, German pronunciationⓘ) is a bridge across the Havel River in Germany, connecting the Wannsee district of Berlin with the Brandenburg capital, Potsdam. It is named after nearby Glienicke Palace. The current bridge, the fourth on the site, was completed in 1907, although major reconstruction was necessary after it was damaged during World War II.

During the Cold War, as this portion of the Havel River formed the border between West Berlin and East Germany, the bridge was used several times for the exchange of captured spies and thus became known as the Bridge of Spies.

Frederic Pryor
Frederic LeRoy Pryor (April 23, 1933 – September 2, 2019) was an American economist. While studying in Berlin during the partition of the city in 1961, he was imprisoned in East Germany for six months, then released in a Cold War "spy swap" that also involved downed American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers and Soviet intelligence officer Rudolf Abel. He spent the bulk of his career as a member of the Swarthmore College faculty, as a professor of economics.
Superintendent (police)
Superintendent (Supt) is a rank in the British police and in most English-speaking Commonwealth nations. In many Commonwealth countries, the full version is superintendent of police (SP). The rank is also used in most British Overseas Territories, in many former British colonies, as well as in Portugal and in several former Portuguese colonies. In some countries, such as Italy, the rank of superintendent is a lower rank.

Additional director general of police
The Additional Director General of Police (Addl. DGP) is a senior rank in the Indian Police Service (IPS). It is the second-highest rank in the state police forces of India, below the Director General of Police (DGP) and above the Inspector General of Police (IGP). Addl.DGPs are responsible for overseeing various aspects of police administration, including law and order, investigations, intelligence, training, and modernization.