hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Takhtajan system
A system of plant taxonomy, the Takhtajan system of plant classification was published by Armen Takhtajan, in several versions from the 1950s onwards. It is usually compared to the Cronquist system. It admits paraphyletic groups.

Reveal system
A 20th-century system of plant taxonomy, the Reveal system (see also the Thorne & Reveal system) of plant classification was drawn up by the American botanist James Reveal (1941–2015). The system was published online in 1997 in ten parts as lecture notes comparing the major systems in use at that time. Subsequently, Reveal became an author with the consensus Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) on the APG II 2003 and APG III 2009 processes. Although this largely supplanted the earlier and competing systems, he collaborated with Robert Thorne on his system (2007), and subsequently continued to develop his own system.
Działdowo
Działdowo (pronounced [d͡ʑau̯ˈdɔvɔ]; German: Soldau, Prussian: Saldawa) is a town in northern Poland with 20,935 inhabitants as of December 2021, the capital of Działdowo County. As part of Masuria, it is situated in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship.

Founded in the Middle Ages and granted town rights in 1344, the town features heritage sites in various styles, including Gothic, Baroque, Gothic Revival and Baroque Revival, a preserved medieval urban layout with a market square and a medieval castle. It is particularly known as the location of the Soldau concentration camp during the German occupation of Poland in World War II. The town is a major railroad junction connecting the capital city of Warsaw with Gdańsk and Olsztyn to the north.

Herbert Lange
Herbert Lange (29 September 1909 – 20 April 1945) was a German SS functionary during the Nazi era. He was commandant of Chełmno extermination camp until April 1942, as well as leader of the SS Special Detachment Lange conducting the murder of Jews from the Łódź Ghetto. Lange was responsible for numerous crimes against humanity, including the murder of mentally disabled patients in Poland and in Germany during the Aktion T4 "euthanasia" programme, and became one of the key perpetrators of the Holocaust.
Hollywood, Florida
Hollywood is a city in Broward County, Florida, United States. It is a suburb in the Miami metropolitan area. The population of Hollywood was 153,067 as of 2020, making it the third-largest city in Broward County.

North Miami Beach, Florida
North Miami Beach (commonly referred to as NMB) is a city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. The City of North Miami Beach is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. Originally named "Fulford-by-the-Sea" in 1926, after Captain William H. Fulford of the U.S. Coast Guard, the city was renamed "North Miami Beach" in 1931. The population was 43,676 at the 2020 US census.
Japan Academy Film Prize
The Japan Academy Film Prize (日本アカデミー賞, Nippon Akademii-shou), often called the Japan Academy Prize, the Japan Academy Awards, and the Japanese Academy Awards, is a series of awards given annually since 1978 by the Japan Academy Film Prize Association (日本アカデミー賞協会, Nippon Akademii-shou Kyoukai) for excellence in Japanese film. Award categories are similar to the Academy Awards.

Vengeance Is Mine (1979 film)
Vengeance Is Mine (Japanese: 復讐するは我にあり, Hepburn: Fukushū Suru wa Ware ni Ari) is a 1979 Japanese film directed by Shōhei Imamura, based on the book of the same name by Ryūzō Saki. It depicts the true story of serial killer Akira Nishiguchi, changing the protagonist's name to Iwao Enokizu.
Eastern League (1938–present)
The Eastern League (EL) is a Minor League Baseball (MiLB) league that has operated under that name since 1938, with the exception of the 2021 season, during which the league operated under the moniker Double-A Northeast. The league has played at the Double-A level since 1963, and consists primarily of teams located in the Northeastern United States. Prior to 1963, the league operated at the Class A level.

Glens Falls Tigers
The Glens Falls Tigers (formerly the Glens Falls White Sox) were an American Minor League Baseball team from Glens Falls, New York, that played in the Eastern League from 1980 until 1988. Their home ballpark was East Field Stadium. The team was founded in 1980 as the Glens Falls White Sox, the Double-A affiliate of the Chicago White Sox. In 1986, the team affiliated with the Detroit Tigers and changed their name to Glens Falls Tigers to reflect the new affiliation. After the 1988 season, the franchise moved to London, Ontario, and became the London Tigers in 1989. The franchise relocated to Trenton, New Jersey, as the Trenton Thunder in 1994. In 2021, the organization became members of the collegiate summer baseball MLB Draft League.
QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss
The QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss or in French use Canon Hotchkiss à tir rapide de 47 mm were a family of long-lived light 47 mm naval guns introduced in 1886 to defend against new, small and fast vessels such as torpedo boats and later submarines.  There were many variants produced, often under license, which ranged in length from 32 to 50 calibers but 40 caliber was the most common version.  They were widely used by the navies of a number of nations and often used by both sides in a conflict.  They were also used ashore as coastal defense guns and later as an anti-aircraft gun, whether on improvised or specialized HA/LA mounts.

Canon de 42 cm modèle 1875
The Canon de 42 cm modèle 1875 or canon de 420 mm modèle 1875 was a built-up gun made by Schneider-Creusot and the Ruelle Foundry in the late nineteenth century. This gun was the highest calibre gun put into service on a vessel of the French Navy. Together with the canon de 450 mm/45 modèle 1920 and the 431 mm modèle 1939 it was one of the few guns over 400 mm calibre developed for the Marine Nationale.
Football League Fourth Division
The Football League Fourth Division was the fourth-highest division in the English football league system from the 1958–59 season until the creation of the Premier League prior to the 1992–93 season. Following the creation of the Premier League, the fourth tier of English football was renamed the Football League Third Division, before being rebranded as Football League Two in 2004.

Jimmy O'Neill (footballer, born 1931)
James Anthony O'Neill (13 October 1931 – 15 December 2007) was an Irish international football goalkeeper. He played 405 league games in a 17-year career in the Football League, and also won 17 caps for the Republic of Ireland. Though only 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m), he was able to use his acrobatic ability to save the ball.

He spent the whole of the 1950s with Everton, helping the "Toffees" to win promotion out of the Second Division in 1953–54. He was sold on to Stoke City for £5,000 in July 1960 and helped the "Potters" to top the Second Division table in 1962–63. He moved on to Darlington in March 1964 before signing with Port Vale in February 1965. He was loaned out to Cork Celtic in December 1966 before being allowed to join the club permanently on a free transfer in May 1967. He retired the following year and later ran a taxi firm in Ormskirk.
Shughni language
Shughni is one of the Pamir languages of the Southeastern Iranian language group. Its distribution is in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region in Tajikistan, Badakhshan Province in Afghanistan, Chitral district in Pakistan and Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County in China.

Shughni-Rushani tends towards SOV word order, distinguishes a masculine and feminine gender in nouns and some adjectives, as well as the 3rd person singular of verbs. Shughni distinguishes between an absolutive and an oblique case in its system of pronouns. Rushani is noted for a typologically unusual 'double-oblique' construction, also called a 'transitive case', in the past tense. Normally Soviet school scientists consider Rushani as a close but independent language to Shughni, while Western school scientists codes Rushani as a dialect of Shughni due to Afghanistan Rushani speakers living in the Shighnan district of Badakhshan Province.

Ossetian language
Ossetian (/ɒˈsɛtiən/ o-SET-ee-ən, /ɒˈsiːʃən/ o-SEE-shən, /oʊˈsiːʃən/ oh-SEE-shən), commonly referred to as Ossetic and rarely as Ossete, is an Eastern Iranian language that is spoken predominantly in Ossetia, a region situated on both sides of the Russian-Georgian border in the Greater Caucasus region. It is the native language of the Ossetian people, and a relative and possibly a descendant of the extinct Scythian, Sarmatian, and Alanic languages.

The northern half of the Ossetian region is part of Russia and is known as North Ossetia–Alania, while the southern half is part of the de facto country of South Ossetia (recognized by the United Nations as Russian-occupied territory that is de jure part of Georgia). Ossetian-speakers number about 614,350, with 451,000 recorded in Russia per the 2010 Russian census.

Despite Ossetian being the official languages of both North and South Ossetia, since 2009 UNESCO has listed Ossetian as "vulnerable".
Pottsville Escarpment
The Pottsville Escarpment is a resistant sandstone belt of cliffs and steep sided, narrow crested valleys in eastern Kentucky, USA.  It features rock shelters, waterfalls, and natural bridges. It is also called the Cumberland Escarpment and forms the western edge of the Cumberland Plateau.

It is largely located within the Daniel Boone National Forest, the original area of which was located to specifically include this rugged strip of land.

Several significant natural areas in Kentucky are located within the escarpment zone. These include the Red River Gorge Geologic Area, Natural Bridge State Park, Cumberland Falls, Big South Fork National Recreation Area, and others.

Bluegrass region
38°00′N 84°30′W﻿ / ﻿38.0°N 84.5°W﻿ / 38.0; -84.5

The Bluegrass region is a geographic region in the U.S. state of Kentucky. It makes up the central and northern part of the state,  roughly bounded by the cities of Frankfort, Paris, Richmond and Stanford. It is part of the Interior Low Plateaus ecoregion.

"Bluegrass" is a common name given in the United States for grass of the Poa genus, the most famous being the Kentucky bluegrass. Despite its name, Kentucky bluegrass is native to North Africa and was likely introduced around 1600.
Zachary Macaulay
Zachary Macaulay (Scottish Gaelic: Sgàire MacAmhlaoibh; 2 May 1768 – 13 May 1838) was a Scottish statistician and abolitionist who was a founder of London University and of the Society for the Suppression of Vice, and a Governor of British Sierra Leone.

Fowell Buxton
Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton, 1st Baronet Buxton of Belfield and Runton (1 April 1786 – 19 February 1845), was an English Member of Parliament, brewer, abolitionist and social reformer. He married Hannah Gurney, whose sister became Elizabeth Fry, and became a great friend of her brother Joseph John Gurney and the extended Gurney family.
Polish–Ukrainian War
The Polish–Ukrainian War, from November 1918 to July 1919, was a conflict between the Second Polish Republic and Ukrainian forces (both the West Ukrainian People's Republic and the Ukrainian People's Republic).

The conflict had its roots in ethnic, cultural, and political differences between the Polish and Ukrainian populations living in the region, as Poland and both Ukrainian republics emerged from the collapse of the Russian and Austrian empires.

The war started in Eastern Galicia after the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and spilled over into the Chełm and Volhynia regions formerly belonging to the Russian Empire.

Poland won the disputed territory on 18 July 1919.

Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance
The Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance (UNDO) (Ukrainian: Українське національно-демократичне об'єднання (УНДО), romanized: Ukrayins'ke natsional'no-demokratichne ob"yednannya, Polish: Ukraińskie Zjednoczenie Narodowo-Demokratyczne (UZND)) was the largest Ukrainian political party in the Second Polish Republic, active in Western Ukraine. It dominated the mainstream political life of the Ukrainian minority in Poland, which with almost 14% of Poland's population was the largest minority.

UNDO was founded in 1925 and dissolved during the Soviet annexation of western Ukraine in 1939. Throughout the interwar years, UNDO enjoyed both German and Soviet financial support.
M11 (New York City bus)
The Ninth and Tenth Avenues Line or Ninth Avenue Line is a surface transit line in the New York City borough of Manhattan, running mostly along Ninth Avenue and Amsterdam Avenue from Lower Manhattan to Manhattanville. Originally a streetcar line operated by the Manhattan and Bronx Surface Transit Operating Authority, it is now the M11 bus route operated by the New York City Transit Authority under the MaBSTOA subsidiary.

List of bus routes in the Bronx
The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) operates a number of bus routes in the Bronx, New York, United States. Many of them are the direct descendants of streetcar lines (see list of streetcar lines in the Bronx). All local buses are operated by the Manhattan and Bronx Surface Transit Operating Authority, except for the Bx23, which is operated by the MTA Bus Company.

Eight Metro-North Railroad feeder routes are operated by Consolidated Bus Transit to and from the Riverdale and Spuyten Duyvil stations, under contract with the brand name of Hudson Rail Link.
Kree
The Kree, briefly known as the Ruul, are an alien race appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. They are native to the planet Hala in the Large Magellanic Cloud, and have a scientifically and technologically advanced militaristic society.

The Kree have appeared throughout the Marvel Cinematic Universe, in the television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. and the films Guardians of the Galaxy, Captain Marvel and The Marvels.

Elders of the Universe
The Elders of the Universe are a group of supervillains appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The Collector was the first Elder to appear, and featured in The Avengers #28 (May 1966), but the idea that he was a member of a group known as the Elders was not introduced until The Avengers #174 (Aug. 1978).
Middleweight (MMA)
The middleweight division in mixed martial arts refers to different weight classes:

The UFC's middleweight division, which groups competitors within 171 to 185 lb (77.5 to 84 kg)

The Shooto's middleweight class, which refers to competitors between 155 and 170 lb (70.3 and 77.1 kg)

The ONE Championship's middleweight division follows the Pride FC model, with an upper limit of 93 kg (205 lb)

The Road FC's  middleweight division, with an upper limit of 185 lb (84 kg)

List of Strikeforce champions
Strikeforce was an American mixed martial arts organization. It crowned male champions in the lightweight, welterweight, middleweight, light heavyweight and heavyweight divisions, and female champions in featherweight and bantamweight.
Melon Music Awards
The Melon Music Awards (Korean: 멜론 뮤직어워드) is a major music awards show that is held annually by Kakao Entertainment (a Kakao company) through its online music store Melon. The event was initially a fan-voted award conducted entirely online from 2005 through 2008, and has been officially held offline in Seoul since 2009.

The award show uses digital data from the Melon music platform, online voting and judges' evaluation—to base its awards on artists who have performed exceptional during the year.

KBS Song Festival
The KBS Song Festival (Korean: KBS 가요대축제; RR: KBS gayodaechukje) is an annual South Korean music show that airs on the Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) at the end of every year. It first aired in 1965 as an awards show, but KBS discontinued the awards ceremony in 2006. It has continued since as a music festival without giving awards most years. However, awards were given in 2013.
Manitoba Highway 59
Provincial Trunk Highway 59 (PTH 59) is a major provincial highway in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It runs from the Lancaster-Tolstoi Border Crossing (where it meets with U.S. Highway 59), through the city of Winnipeg, north to 8th Avenue in Victoria Beach on Lake Winnipeg.

Manitoba Provincial Road 200
Provincial Road 200 (PR 200) is a provincial road in Manitoba. It runs from the Perimeter Highway (PTH 100) at Winnipeg to the border town of Emerson, ending at Manitoba Highway (PTH) 75 at Emerson, near the Canada–United States border.
Gigi (novella)
Gigi (pronounced [ʒi.ʒi]) is a 1944 novella by French writer Colette. The plot concerns a young Parisian girl who is being prepared for a career as a courtesan by her grandmother. The novel also describes her relationship with Gaston, a wealthy, cultured family friend who falls in love with her and eventually marries her.

The novel was translated into English by Roger Senhouse and published (with "The Cat" translated by Antonia White) in 1953.

The life story of Yola Letellier, 
the wife of Henri Letellier (publisher of Le Journal and mayor of Deauville (1925–1928)), was the inspiration for the novel.

Danièle Delorme
Gabrielle Danièle Marguerite Andrée Girard (9 October 1926 – 17 October 2015), known by her stage name Danièle Delorme (French pronunciation: [danjɛl dəlɔʁm]), was a French actress and film producer, famous for her roles in films directed by Marc Allégret, Julien Duvivier and Yves Robert.
Traditional pop
Traditional pop (also known as pre-rock and roll pop) is Western popular music that generally pre-dates the advent of rock and roll and pop music in the mid-1950s. The most popular and enduring songs from this era of music are known as pop standards or American standards. The works of these songwriters and composers are usually considered part of the canon known as the "Great American Songbook". More generally, the term "standard" can be applied to any popular song that has become very widely known within mainstream culture and recorded by many artists.

AllMusic defines traditional pop as "post-big band and pre-rock & roll pop music".

Andy Williams
Howard Andrew Williams (December 3, 1927 – September 25, 2012) was an American singer. He recorded 43 albums in his career, of which 15 have been gold certified and three platinum certified. He was also nominated for six Grammy Awards. He hosted the Andy Williams Show, a television variety show, from 1962 to 1971, along with numerous TV specials. The Andy Williams Show won three Emmy Awards. He sold more than 45 million records worldwide, including more than 10 million certified units in the United States.

Williams was active in the music industry for over 70 years until his death in September 2012 from bladder cancer, at the age of 84.
2014 Family Circle Cup – Singles
Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion, but lost in the second round to Jana Čepelová, ending her 15-match winning streak at this tournament, and her 28-match winning streak on clay.

Andrea Petkovic won the title, defeating Čepelová in the final, 7–5, 6–2.

This was the last WTA tournament that former World No. 3 and two-time French Open semifinalist Nadia Petrova competed in. Having been awarded a wild card into the main draw, she was beaten by Marina Erakovic in the first round.

2014 Mutua Madrid Open – Women's singles
Maria Sharapova defeated Simona Halep in the final, 1–6, 6–2, 6–3 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2014 Madrid Open.

Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion, but withdrew before her quarterfinal match because of a left thigh injury.
Kentucky Oaks
The Kentucky Oaks is a Grade I stakes race for three-year-old Thoroughbred fillies staged annually in Louisville, Kentucky, United States. The race currently covers 1+1⁄8 miles (1,800 m) at Churchill Downs; the horses carry 121 pounds (55 kg). The Kentucky Oaks is held on the Friday before the Kentucky Derby each year. The winner gets $846,300 of the $1,500,000 purse, and a large garland blanket of lilies, resulting in the nickname "Lilies for the Fillies." A silver Kentucky Oaks Trophy is presented to the winner.

Starlet Stakes
The Starlet Stakes is a Grade II American Thoroughbred horse race for two-year-old fillies run over a distance of one and one sixteenth miles (8+1⁄2 furlongs) on the dirt held annually in early December at Los Alamitos Race Course in Cypress, California. The event currently offers a purse of $200,000.
Mike Gesicki
Michael William Gesicki (born October 3, 1995) is an American professional football tight end for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Penn State Nittany Lions. He was selected in the second round of the 2018 NFL draft by the Miami Dolphins.

A resident of the Manahawkin section of Stafford Township, New Jersey, Gesicki was a 2014 graduate of Southern Regional High School, where he set school records in basketball scoring (1,866 points), football catches (103) and receiving yards (1,817) and volleyball blocks (519).

Jason Sanders
Jason Thomas Sanders (born November 16, 1995) is an American professional football kicker for the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the New Mexico Lobos.
Quebec City
Quebec City (French: Ville de Québec) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec. As of July 2021, the city had a population of 549,459, and the Census Metropolitan Area (including surrounding communities) had a population of 839,311. It is the twelfth-largest city and the seventh-largest metropolitan area in Canada. It is also the second-largest city in the province, after Montreal. It has a humid continental climate with warm summers coupled with cold and snowy winters.

Explorer Samuel de Champlain founded a French settlement here in 1608, and adopted the Algonquin name. Quebec City is one of the oldest European settlements in North America. The ramparts surrounding Old Quebec (Vieux-Québec) are the only fortified city walls remaining in the Americas north of Mexico. This area was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985 as the "Historic District of Old Québec".

Clermont, Capitale-Nationale
Clermont (French pronunciation: [klɛʁmɔ̃] ⓘ) is a ville in the Canadian province of Quebec, and the seat of government for the Charlevoix-Est Regional County Municipality. It is located on the southern banks of the Malbaie River.
Columbia, Tennessee
Columbia is a city in and the county seat of Maury County, Tennessee. The population was 48,885 as of the City of Columbia's 2024 Special Census conducted by the US Census Bureau. Columbia is included in the Nashville metropolitan area.

The self-proclaimed "mule capital of the world," Columbia celebrates the city-designated Mule Day each April. Columbia and Maury County are acknowledged as the "Antebellum Homes Capital of Tennessee"; the county has more antebellum houses than any other county in the state. The city is home to one of the last two surviving residences of James Knox Polk, the 11th President of the United States; the other is the White House.

U.S. Route 412
U.S. Route 412 is an east–west United States highway, first commissioned in 1982.  U.S. 412 overlaps expressway-grade Cimarron Turnpike from Tulsa west to Interstate 35 and the Cherokee Turnpike from 5 miles (8.0 km) east of Chouteau, Oklahoma, to 8 miles (13 km) west of the Arkansas state line. It runs the entire length of the Oklahoma Panhandle and traverses the Missouri Bootheel.

As of 2020, the highway's eastern terminus is in Columbia, Tennessee at an intersection with Interstate 65, where it continues east as State Route 99. Its western terminus is in Springer, New Mexico at an intersection with Interstate 25.