hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies
Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies (Italian: Maria Cristina Ferdinanda di Borbone, Principessa delle Due Sicilie, Spanish: María Cristina de Borbón, Princesa de las Dos Sicilias; 27 April 1806 – 22 August 1878) was the Queen of Spain from 1829 to 1833 and Queen regent of the kingdom from 1833, when her daughter became queen at age two, to 1840. By virtue of her short marriage to King Ferdinand VII of Spain, she became a central character in Spanish history for nearly 50 years, thanks to introducing a bicameral model of government based on the Bourbon Restoration in France: the Spanish Royal Statute of 1834.

Juan Álvarez Mendizábal
Juan Álvarez Mendizábal (born Juan Álvarez Méndez; 25 February 1790 – 3 November 1853) was a Spanish economist and politician who served as Prime Minister of Spain from 25 September 1835 to 15 May 1836.
Economic surplus
In mainstream economics, economic surplus, also known as total welfare or total social welfare or Marshallian surplus (after Alfred Marshall), is either of two related quantities:

Consumer surplus, or consumers' surplus, is the monetary gain obtained by consumers because they are able to purchase a product for a price that is less than the highest price that they would be willing to pay.

Producer surplus, or producers' surplus, is the amount that producers benefit by selling at a market price that is higher than the least that they would be willing to sell for; this is roughly equal to profit (since producers are not normally willing to sell at a loss and are normally indifferent to selling at a break-even price).

The sum of consumer and producer surplus is sometimes known as social surplus or total surplus; a decrease in that total from inefficiencies is called deadweight loss.

Economic rent
In economics, economic rent is any payment to the owner of a factor of production in excess of the costs needed to bring that factor into production. In classical economics, economic rent is any payment made (including imputed value) or benefit received for non-produced inputs such as location (land) and for assets formed by creating official privilege over natural opportunities (e.g., patents). In the moral economy of neoclassical economics, assuming the market is natural, and does not come about by state and social contrivance, economic rent includes income gained by labor or state beneficiaries or other "contrived" exclusivity, such as labor guilds and unofficial corruption.
Hull Blitz
The Hull Blitz was the bombing campaign that targeted the English port city of Kingston upon Hull by the German Luftwaffe during the Second World War.

Large-scale attacks took place on several nights throughout March 1941, resulting in over 200 deaths. The most concentrated attacks were on the nights of 7/8 and 8/9 May 1941, resulting in just under 400 deaths, and another large-scale attack took place in July 1941 with 143 fatalities.

The city spent more than 1,000 hours under alert during raids from 19 June 1940 to 1945, with almost 1,200 people in the city killed as a result of the bombing.

Cardiff Blitz
The Cardiff Blitz (Welsh: Blitz Caerdydd); refers to the bombing of Cardiff, Wales during World War II. Between 1940 and the final raid on the city in March 1944 approximately 2,100 bombs fell, killing 355 people.

Cardiff Docks became a strategic bombing target for German Luftwaffe (the Nazi German air force) as it was one of the biggest coal ports in the world. Consequently, it and the surrounding area were heavily bombed. Llandaff Cathedral, amongst many other civilian buildings caught in the raids, was damaged by the bombing in 1941.
UD Mutilvera
Unión Deportiva Mutilvera is a Spanish football team based in Mutilva, Aranguren, in the autonomous community of Navarre. Founded in 1968, it plays in Segunda Federación – Group 2.  Its stadium is Estadio Valle Aranguren with a capacity of 2,000 seaters.

Segunda División B
Segunda División B (English: second division B) was the third tier of the Spanish football league system containing 102 teams divided into five groups, until it was replaced by the new structure in 2021. It was administered by the Royal Spanish Football Federation. It was below the top two professional leagues, the Primera División (also known as La Liga) and the Segunda División, and above the Tercera División. The Segunda División B included the reserve teams of a number of La Liga and Segunda División teams. As of the 2021-22 season, its successors are the Primera Federación and the Segunda Federación.

The league's last ever season was in 2020-21.
For the 2021–22 season, Segunda División B was replaced by Segunda División RFEF, which became the fourth tier due to the creation of a new, semi-professional third division by the Spanish federation (RFEF) called the Primera División RFEF.
G. V. Prakash Kumar
G. V. Prakash Kumar (born 13 June 1987) is an Indian music composer, playback singer, actor, and film producer who works mainly in Tamil cinema.

He made his debut as a composer with S Pictures' Veyil (2006), and rose to prominence in the early 2010s. He made his acting debut in 2015 with Darling. He has won two National Film Awards, three Filmfare Awards, and three SIIMA Awards.

Arunraja Kamaraj
Arunraja Kamaraj is an Indian singer, lyricist, actor and director in Tamil language films. He has acted in films such as Jigarthanda, Raja Rani, and Maan Karate. He wrote and sung the song "Ding Dong" for the movie Jigarthanda, "Neruppu Da" for Rajinikanth's film Kabali, and the title song for Trisha Illana Nayanthara.
Teachta Dála
A Teachta Dála (/ˌtjɒxtə ˈdɔːlə/ TYOKH-tə DAW-lə; Irish: [ˌtʲaxt̪ˠə ˈd̪ˠaːlˠa] ⓘ; plural Teachtaí Dála), abbreviated as TD (plural TDanna in Irish, TDs in English), is a member of Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas, the parliament of Ireland. The official English translation of the term is "Dáil Deputy". An equivalent position would be a Member of Parliament (MP) in the UK or Member of Congress in the US.

Minister of State at the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
The Minister of State at the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade is a junior ministerial post in the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade of the Government of Ireland who may perform functions delegated by the Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade. A Minister of State does not hold cabinet rank.

There are currently two Ministers of State:

Neale Richmond, TD – Minister of State with special responsibility for International development and the diaspora; and

Thomas Byrne, TD – Minister of State with special responsibility for European Affairs.
Edward Quinan
General Sir Edward Pellew Quinan, KCB, KCIE, DSO, OBE (9 January 1885 – 13 November 1960) was a British Army commander during the Second World War. In the early part of his career, he was involved in Indian Army campaigns in Afghanistan and Waziristan on the North West Frontier of the Indian Empire, in the days of the British Raj. During the First World War he served with the Indian Army forces in France and Mesopotamia, and was wounded. During the Second World War, Quinan commanded the British and Indian Army forces in the Anglo-Iraqi War, the Syria–Lebanon campaign, and the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran. He continued serving in the Middle East until 1943, when he returned to India to command the North West Army, but retired later the same year due to a downgrading of his fitness status.

8th Infantry Division (India)
The 8th Mountain Division is a division of the present-day Indian Army that specialises in mountain warfare.

It was initially raised as the 8th Indian Infantry Division, an infantry division, in Meerut on 25 October 1940 under Major-General Charles Harvey, a British Indian Army officer, as part of the Indian Army during World War II. It served in the Middle East in the garrisoning of Iraq and then the invasion of Persia to secure the oil fields of the area for the Allies. A brigade was detached to the Western Desert to reinforce the British Eighth Army as it withdrew before the Axis forces. Following training in the Near East, the division entered the Italian Campaign landing at Taranto on mainland Italy.

The division was disbanded at the end of World War II in 1946, but re-formed again in 1963 as a specialist mountain division of the Indian Army.
2015–16 A-League
The 2015–16 A-League was the 39th season of top-flight soccer in Australia, and the 11th since the establishment of the A-League in 2004. Melbourne Victory were both the defending A-League Premiers and Champions. The regular season schedule was released on 29 June 2015. The season commenced on 8 October 2015 and concluded on 10 April 2016. The finals series commenced on 15 April 2016 and concluded with the 2016 Grand Final, held on 1 May 2016.

The 2016 Grand Final took place on 1 May 2016, with Adelaide United claiming their first Championship with a 3–1 win against Western Sydney Wanderers.

2016–17 A-League
The 2016–17 A-League was the 40th season of top-flight soccer in Australia, and the 12th since the establishment of the A-League in 2004. The season began on 7 October 2016.

Adelaide United were both the defending A-League Premiers and Champions. The 2017 Grand Final took place on 7 May 2017, with Sydney FC claiming their third Championship with a 1–1 (4–2 on penalties) win against Melbourne Victory. Sydney FC also claimed the premiership for the 2016–17 regular season, their second in club history.
XML
Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language and file format for storing, transmitting, and reconstructing data. It defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. The World Wide Web Consortium's XML 1.0 Specification of 1998 and several other related specifications—all of them free open standards—define XML.

The design goals of XML emphasize simplicity, generality, and usability across the Internet. It is a textual data format with strong support via Unicode for different human languages. Although the design of XML focuses on documents, the language is widely used for the representation of arbitrary data structures, such as those used in web services.

Several schema systems exist to aid in the definition of XML-based languages, while programmers have developed many application programming interfaces (APIs) to aid the processing of XML data.

XML Metadata Interchange
The XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) is an Object Management Group (OMG) standard for exchanging metadata information via Extensible Markup Language (XML).

It can be used for any metadata whose metamodel can be expressed in Meta-Object Facility (MOF), a platform-independent model (PIM).

The most common use of XMI is as an interchange format for UML models, although it can also be used for serialization of models of other languages (metamodels).
Mounted infantry
Mounted infantry were infantry who rode horses instead of marching. Unlike cavalry, mounted infantry dismounted to fight on foot.  The original dragoons were essentially mounted infantry. According to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911), "Mounted rifles are half cavalry, mounted infantry merely specially mobile infantry." Today, with motor vehicles having replaced horses for military transport, the motorized infantry are in some respects successors to mounted infantry.

Herbert Plumer, 1st Viscount Plumer
Field Marshal Herbert Charles Onslow Plumer, 1st Viscount Plumer (13 March 1857 – 16 July 1932) was a senior British Army officer who fought in the First World War, being perhaps most notable for commanding the Second Army of the British Expeditionary Force on the Western Front from 1915 to 1918.
Buckinghamshire County Cricket Club
Buckinghamshire County Cricket Club is one of twenty National County clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Buckinghamshire.

The team is currently a member of the National Counties Championship Eastern Division and plays in the NCCA Knockout Trophy. Buckinghamshire played List A matches occasionally from 1965 until 2005 but is not classified as a List A team per se.

The club plays its matches around the county at various locations including at Wormsley on the Getty Estate. Until 1979 it played regularly at Ascott Park, the home of the Rothschild family which was prominent in the club's foundation.

1969 Gillette Cup
The 1969 Gillette Cup was the seventh Gillette Cup, an English limited overs county cricket tournament. It was held between 10 May and 6 September 1969. The tournament was won by Yorkshire who defeated Derbyshire by 69 runs in the final at Lord's.
Glenn Wheatley
Glenn Dawson Wheatley (23 January 1948 – 1 February 2022) was an Australian musician, talent manager, tour promoter and radio entrepreneur. Wheatley was the founder and managing director of Talentworks.

Graeham Goble
Graeham George Goble, OAM (born 15 May 1947) is an Australian musician, singer-songwriter and record producer, best known as a founding member of Australian rock group Little River Band and Birtles Shorrock Goble.

As a performer, Goble was responsible for the vocal arrangements and high harmonies on eleven studio albums and numerous Top 10 singles with LRB. As a songwriter he penned songs like "Reminiscing", "Lady", "Take It Easy on Me", "The Other Guy" and "The Night Owls", each played millions of times on radio. As a producer, Goble's credits include John Farnham's Uncovered album in 1980 and his own catalog of recordings.

Goble is a keen student of spirituality and changed his first name from Graham to Graeham as a consequence of his interest in numerology and feng shui.

Goble was awarded a Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) in the 2021 Australia Day Honours "for service to the performing arts as a singer,
songwriter and producer."
2009 Canadian Junior Curling Championships
The 2009 M&M Meat Shops Canadian Junior Curling Championships was held January 31-February 8 at the Sunwave Centre and the Salmon Arm Curling Club in Salmon Arm, British Columbia. The winning teams of Prince Edward Island's Brett Gallant in the men's event and Manitoba's Kaitlyn Lawes in the women's event would go on to represent Canada at the 2009 World Junior Curling Championships in Vancouver.

2007 Canadian Junior Curling Championships
The 2007 M&M Meat Shops Canadian Junior Curling Championships was held February 3–11 at the Jack Gatecliff Arena and the St. Catharines Golf and Country Club in St. Catharines, Ontario. The winning teams represented Canada at the 2007 World Junior Curling Championships.
Ironside (1967 TV series)
Ironside is an American television crime drama that aired on NBC over eight seasons from 1967 to 1975. The show starred Raymond Burr as Robert T. Ironside (usually addressed by the title "Chief Ironside"), a consultant to the San Francisco police department (formerly chief of detectives), who was paralyzed from the waist down after being shot while on vacation. The character debuted on March 28, 1967, in a TV movie titled Ironside. When the series was broadcast in the United Kingdom, from late 1967 onward, it was broadcast as A Man Called Ironside. The show earned Burr six Emmy and two Golden Globe nominations.

Ironside was a production of Burr's Harbour Productions Unlimited in association with Universal Television.

Playhouse 90
Playhouse 90 is an American television anthology drama series that aired on CBS from 1956 to 1960 for a total of 134 episodes. The show was produced at CBS Television City in Los Angeles, California. Since live anthology drama series of the mid-1950s usually were hour-long shows, the title highlighted the network's intention to present something unusual: a weekly series of hour-and-a-half-long dramas rather than 60-minute plays.
2024 CS John Nicks International Pairs Competition
The 2024 CS John Nicks International Pairs Competition was held on September 3–4, 2024, in New York City, New York, in the United States. as part of the 2024–25 ISU Challenger Series. Medals were awarded in pair skating only.

2024 Finlandia Trophy
The 2024 Finlandia Trophy was the fifth event of the 2024–25 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating: a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held at the Helsinki Ice Hall in Helsinki, Finland, from November 15–17.  Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Skaters also earned points toward qualifying for the 2024–25 Grand Prix Final.
1962 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 1962 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 76th staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 15 April 1962 and ended on 2 September 1962.

Tipperary were the defending champions, and retained the championship after defeating Wexford by 3–10 to 2–11 in the All-Ireland final.

1937 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 1937 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 51st staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 16 May 1937 and ended on 5 September 1937.

Limerick entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated in the provincial stages. Tipperary won the title following a 3–11 to 0–3 victory over Kilkenny in the final.
Powered paragliding
Powered paragliding, also known as paramotoring or PPG, is a form of ultralight aviation where the pilot wears a back-pack motor (a paramotor) which provides enough thrust to take off using a paraglider. It can be launched in still air, and on level ground, by the pilot alone—no assistance is required.

Fresh Breeze
Fresh Breeze GmbH & Co Kg is a German aircraft manufacturer based in Wedemark.  The company specializes in the design and manufacturer of paramotors and powered parachutes.

Reviewers Noel Bertrand, et al., described the company as "one of the world’s main paramotor manufacturers."
Erich Warsitz
Erich Karl Warsitz (18 October 1906  – 12 July 1983) was a German test pilot of the 1930s. He held the rank of Flight-Captain in the Luftwaffe and was selected by the Reich Air Ministry as chief test pilot at Peenemünde West. He is remembered as the first person to fly an aircraft under liquid-fueled rocket power, the Heinkel He 176, on June 20, 1939 and also the first to fly an aircraft under turbojet power, the Heinkel He 178, on August 27 the same year.

Neuhardenberg
Neuhardenberg (German pronunciation: [nɔʏˈhaʁdn̩bɛʁk], lit. 'New Hardenberg') is a municipality in the district Märkisch-Oderland, in Brandenburg, in north-eastern Germany. It is the site of Neuhardenberg Palace, residence of the Prussian statesman Prince Karl August von Hardenberg (1750–1822). The municipal area comprises the villages of Altfriedland, Quappendorf and Wulkow. Neuhardenberg is part of the Amt ("collective municipality") Seelow-Land.
Union Cycliste Internationale
The Union Cycliste Internationale (French pronunciation: [ynjɔ̃ siklist ɛ̃tɛʁnɑsjɔnal]; UCI; English: International Cycling Union) is the world governing body for sports cycling and oversees international competitive cycling events. The UCI is based in Aigle, Switzerland.

The UCI issues racing licenses to riders and enforces disciplinary rules, such as in matters of doping. The UCI also manages the classification of races and the points ranking system in various cycling disciplines including road and track cycling, mountain biking, cyclo-cross,  Gravel, and BMX, for both men and women, amateur and professional. It also oversees the World Championships.

After the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the UCI said that Russian and Belarusian teams were forbidden from competing in international events. It also stripped both Russia and Belarus of scheduled events.

French Anti-Doping Agency
The French Anti-Doping Agency (French: Agence française de lutte contre le dopage, AFLD) is an independent public authority formed in 2006 and charged with ensuring that participants in sports in France do not violate rules regarding doping.

As a national anti-doping organization (NADO), the AFLD cooperates with the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and with other signatory organizations of the World Anti-Doping Code such as international sports federations.

The agency has been particularly prominent in cases involving the Tour de France, such as that of Floyd Landis, who was stripped of his title in the 2006 race.

A breakdown in the relationship between AFLD and the Union Cycliste Internationale in relation to testing procedures in the 2009 Tour de France lead to the severance of the role which gave AFLD their highest profile cases.
Asante Kotoko S.C.
Asante Kotoko Sporting Club, simply known as Asante Kotoko, is a professional football club founded on 31 August 1935 and based in Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Nicknamed the Porcupine Warriors and "kum apem a, apem beba" which translate to "If you kill a thousand, a thousand more will come" in English Language. In their local dialect, Twi, they compete in the Ghana Premier League and play their home matches at the Baba Yara Stadium in Amakom, Kumasi.

They have won the league a record 24 times [1], the CAF Champions League twice, and were adjudged the African club of the century by the International Federation of Football History and Statistics (IFFHS).

Heart of Lions F.C.
Heart of Lions Football Club is a Ghanaian professional football club based in Kpando, Volta. The club participated in the Glo Premier League but was relegated in 2015.

The club is a two-time winner of the GHALCA top 4 competition in 2005 and 2009, respectively.

They are also the last club to win the Sports Writers Association Of Ghana (SWAG) Cup in 2009.
Quercus virginiana
Quercus virginiana, also known as the southern live oak, is an evergreen oak tree endemic to the Southeastern United States. Though many other species are loosely called live oak, the southern live oak is particularly iconic of the Old South. Many very large and old specimens of live oak can be found today in the Deep South region of the United States.

Celtis laevigata
Celtis laevigata is a medium-sized tree native to North America.  Common names include sugarberry, southern hackberry, or in the southern U.S. sugar hackberry or just hackberry.

Sugarberry is easily confused with common hackberry (C. occidentalis) where the range overlaps.  Sugarberry has narrower leaves with mostly smooth margins, the berries are juicier and sweeter, while the bark is less corky. The species can also be distinguished by habitat: where the ranges overlap, common hackberry occurs primarily in upland areas, whereas sugarberry occurs mainly in bottomland areas.

Sugarberry's range extends from the Southeastern United States west to Texas and south to northeastern Mexico. It is also found on the island of Bermuda.
County Donegal
County Donegal (/ˌdʌnɪˈɡɔːl, ˌdɒnɪˈɡɔːl/ DUN-ig-AWL, DON-ig-awl; Irish: Contae Dhún na nGall) is a county of the Republic of Ireland. It is in the province of Ulster and is the northernmost county of Ireland. The county mostly borders Northern Ireland, sharing only a small border with the rest of the Republic. It is named after the town of Donegal in the south of the county. It has also been known as  County Tyrconnell or Tirconaill (Tír Chonaill), after the historical territory on which it was based. Donegal County Council is the local council and Lifford is the county town.

The population was 167,084 at the 2022 census.

Inishowen West
Inishowen West (Irish: Inis Eoghain Thiar), also called West Inishowen or Innishowen West, is a barony in County Donegal, Ireland. Baronies were mainly cadastral rather than administrative units. They acquired modest local taxation and spending functions in the 19th century before being superseded by the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898.