hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Conserved name
A conserved name or nomen conservandum (plural nomina conservanda, abbreviated as nom. cons.) is a scientific name that has specific nomenclatural protection. That is, the name is retained, even though it violates one or more rules which would otherwise prevent it from being legitimate. Nomen conservandum is a Latin term, meaning 'a name to be conserved'. The terms are often used interchangeably, such as by the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (ICN), while the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature favors the term conserved name.

The process for conserving botanical names is different from that for zoological names. Under the botanical code, names may also be "suppressed", nomen rejiciendum (plural nomina rejicienda or nomina utique rejicienda, abbreviated as nom. rej.), or rejected in favor of a particular conserved name, and combinations based on a suppressed name are also listed as nom. rej..

Sanctioned name
In mycology, a sanctioned name is a name that was adopted (but not necessarily coined) in certain works of Christiaan Hendrik Persoon or Elias Magnus Fries, which are considered major points in fungal taxonomy.
Noel McGrath (hurler)
Noel McGrath (born 17 December 1990) is an Irish hurler who plays for Tipperary Senior Championship club Loughmore-Castleiney and at inter-county level with the Tipperary senior hurling team. He usually lines out as at midfield.

Ronan Maher (hurler)
Ronan Maher (born 9 October 1995)  is an Irish hurler who plays for Tipperary Senior Championship club Thurles Sarsfields and at inter-county level with the Tipperary senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a centre-back.
Essex, New York
Essex is a town in Essex County, New York, United States overlooking Lake Champlain. The population was 621 at the 2020 census. The town is named after locations in England.

The town is on the eastern edge of the county. It is 17 miles (27 km) south-southwest of Burlington, Vermont, which is on the opposite shore of Lake Champlain, 32 miles (51 km) south of Plattsburgh, 94 miles (151 km) south of Montreal, Quebec, and 135 miles (217 km) north of Albany. Essex is inside the Adirondack Park.

Charlotte, Vermont
Charlotte /ʃɑːrˈlɒt/ is a town in Chittenden County, Vermont, United States. The town was named for Queen Charlotte, though unlike Charlotte, North Carolina, Charlottesville, Virginia, and other cities and towns that bear her name, the town's name is pronounced with the accent on the second syllable. The population of the town was 3,912 at the 2020 census.
Cheyenne (TV series)
Cheyenne is an American Western television series of 108 black-and-white episodes broadcast on ABC from 1955 to 1962. The show was the first hour-long Western, and was the first hour-long dramatic series of any kind, with continuing characters, to last more than one season. It was also the first series to be made by a major Hollywood film studio, which did not derive from its established film properties, and the first of a long chain of Warner Bros. original series produced by William T. Orr.

Riverboat (TV series)
Riverboat is an American Western television series starring Darren McGavin and Burt Reynolds, produced by Revue Studios, and broadcast on the NBC television network from 1959 to 1961. Reynolds was replaced by Noah Beery Jr. halfway through the series in the wake of conflicts with McGavin.
Ellis Carver
Ellis Carver is a fictional character on the HBO drama The Wire, played by actor Seth Gilliam. Carver is a  former Sergeant of the Baltimore Police Department's Western District Drug Enforcement Unit. While initially matched to the simple-minded and brutish policing of his loyal partner and unfailing friend Thomas "Herc" Hauk, under the counsel of Major Colvin in the Western District, Carver incrementally matures into a reflective and generally upstanding officer, often drawing the ire of his Western District colleagues.

Jay Landsman (The Wire)
Jay Landsman is a semi-fictional character on the HBO drama The Wire based upon the real life Baltimore City police officer Jay Landsman.  The fictional character of Jay Landsman is portrayed by actor Delaney Williams.
Eucalyptus haemastoma
Eucalyptus haemastoma, commonly known as scribbly gum, is a species of tree that is endemic to the Sydney region. It has white or silvery grey bark, lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between nine and fifteen, white flowers and conical or hemispherical fruit. It is one of several eucalypts with prominent and differing insect scribbles in the bark, caused by the larvae of Ogmograptis, (and in the case of E. haemostoma - probably O. racemosa).

Eucalyptus sieberi
Eucalyptus sieberi, commonly known as the silvertop ash or black ash, is a species of medium-sized to tall tree that is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It has rough bark on the trunk and the base of larger branches, and smooth bark above. It has lance-shaped to curved adult leaves and flower buds in groups of seven to fifteen, which bear white flowers and barrel-shaped or conical fruit.
Pontypridd railway station
Pontypridd railway station serves the town of Pontypridd in Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales. It is located at the junction of the Merthyr line and the Rhondda line and has for many years been the only station serving the town.

Until the 1930s, Pontypridd had two other stations. One, just behind the present station, was known as Pontypridd Graig. It closed in 1930. The other, Pontypridd Tram Road, serving the former Pontypridd to Newport line, closed in 1922. It was located near where this line crossed the 'Broadway' in Treforest.

Cardiff Bay railway station
Cardiff Bay railway station (Welsh: Bae Caerdydd), formerly Cardiff Bute Road, is a station serving the Cardiff Bay and Butetown areas of Cardiff, Wales. It is the southern terminus of the Butetown branch line 1 mile (1.5 km) south of Cardiff Queen Street.

Currently one platform is in use, Platform 2, which opened 26th May 2025.  The existing Platform 1, which closed on the same day, is being redeveloped. The station building lies on Bute Street, although access to the station is from the nearby Lloyd George Avenue. For various reasons, including it being the origin of the first steam-powered passenger train service in Wales, the station is a Grade II* listed building.

Passenger services are provided by Transport for Wales.
VM (operating system)
VM, often written VM/CMS, is a family of virtual machine operating systems used on IBM mainframes including the System/370, System/390, IBM Z and compatible systems. It replaced the older CP-67 that formed the basis of the CP/CMS operating system. It was first released as the free Virtual Machine Facility/370 for the S/370 in 1972, followed by chargeable upgrades and versions that added support for new hardware.

VM creates virtual machines into which a conventional operating system may be loaded to allow user programs to run. Originally, that operating system was CMS, a simple single-user system similar to DOS. VM can also be used with a number of other IBM operating systems, including large systems like MVS or VSE, which are often run on their own without VM. In other cases, VM is used with a more specialized operating system or even programs that provided many OS features. These include RSCS and MUMPS, among others.

Cambridge Scientific Center
The IBM Cambridge Scientific Center was a corporate research laboratory established in February 1964 in Cambridge, Massachusetts.  Situated at 545 Technology Square (Tech Square), in the same building as MIT's Project MAC, it was later renamed the IBM Scientific Center.  It is most notable for creating the CP-40 and the control program portions of CP/CMS, a virtual machine operating system developed for the IBM System/360-67.
Robin Finck
Robert John "Robin" Finck (born November 7, 1971) is an American guitarist. Finck is the longest-serving touring musician for Nine Inch Nails, performing with the band from 1994 to 2000, and returning in 2008. With Nine Inch Nails, Finck contributed studio performances on The Slip (2008).

Finck also was an official member of Guns N' Roses from 1997 through 2008. With Guns N’ Roses, Finck wrote and recorded on the long-delayed Chinese Democracy (2008), notably co-writing the song "Better".

In 2020, Finck was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Nine Inch Nails. (Guns N' Roses were inducted in 2012; however, Finck was not inducted.)

James Woolley
James Joseph Woolley (September 26, 1966 – August 14, 2016) was an American keyboard and synthesizer player, best known for performing with industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails from 1991 to 1994, participating in the Pretty Hate Machine Tour Series and the Self Destruct Tour. Woolley appeared in the band's music videos for "Wish" and "March of the Pigs", and the video album Closure. Together with Nine Inch Nails, Woolley won a Grammy Award in 1996 for "Best Metal Performance" for their Woodstock '94 performance of "Happiness in Slavery".
Alexander Burnes
Captain Sir Alexander Burnes FRS (16 May 1805 – 2 November 1841) was a Scottish explorer, military officer and diplomat associated with the Great Game. He was nicknamed Bokhara Burnes for his role in establishing contact with and exploring Bukhara. His memoir, Travels into Bokhara, was a bestseller when it was first published in 1835.

Henry Pottinger
Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Pottinger, 1st Baronet Bt GCB PC (3 October 1789 – 18 March 1856) was a Bombay Army officer and colonial administrator who served as the first governor of Hong Kong from 1843 to 1844.
Largs
Largs (Scottish Gaelic: An Leargaidh Ghallda) is a town on the Firth of Clyde in North Ayrshire, Scotland, about 33 mi (53 km) from Glasgow. The original name means "the slopes" (An Leargaidh) in Scottish Gaelic.

A popular seaside resort with a pier, the town markets itself on its historic links with the Vikings and an annual festival is held each year in early September. In 1263 it was the site of the Battle of Largs between the Norwegian and the Scottish armies.

Campbeltown
Campbeltown (/ˈkæmbəltən/ ⓘ; Scottish Gaelic: Ceann Loch Chille Chiarain or Ceann Locha) is a town and former royal burgh in Argyll and Bute, Scotland. It lies by Campbeltown Loch on the Kintyre Peninsula. Campbeltown became an important centre for Scotch whisky, and a busy fishing port.

The 2018 population estimate was 4,600, indicating a reduction since the 2011 census.
Teri Polo
Theresa Elizabeth Polo (born June 1, 1969) is an American actress. She starred as Pamela Martha Focker in the Meet the Parents franchise, Helen Santos in The West Wing, Christine Daaé in Phantom of the Opera (1990), and played the role of police officer Stef Adams Foster in the Freeform series The Fosters (2013–2018) and its spinoff Good Trouble (2019–2024).

Cierra Ramirez
Cierra Alexa Ramirez (born March 9, 1995) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for playing Mariana Adams Foster in the Freeform television series The Fosters and reprising her role in the spin-off series Good Trouble, which she also co-executive produced with co-star Maia Mitchell. Her accolades include an ALMA Award and a GLAAD Media Award nomination.
Eric Alexander (jazz saxophonist)
Eric Alexander (born August 4, 1968) is an American jazz saxophonist, composer, and educator. Having placed second at the 1991 Thelonious Monk International Jazz Saxophone Competition behind Joshua Redman and ahead of Chris Potter and Tim Warfield, he was soon signed by a record label and has since recorded over 20 albums as a leader and over 300 as a sideman.

Ira Sullivan
Ira Sullivan (May 1, 1931 – September 21, 2020) was an American jazz trumpeter, flugelhornist, flautist, saxophonist, and composer born in Washington, D.C., United States.  An active musician since the 1950s, he often worked with Red Rodney and Lin Halliday.
Divyanka Tripathi
Divyanka Tripathi Dahiya (née Tripathi; pronounced [d̪ɪˈʋjaŋka t̪ɾɪˈpaːʈʰi]; born 14 December 1984) is an Indian actress who primarily works in Hindi television. One of the highest-paid television actresses in India, She is a recipient of several accolades including three ITA Awards, nine Indian Telly Awards and seven Gold Awards. She has appeared in Forbes India's Celebrity 100 list since 2017.

She is known for playing the double roles of Vidya Pratapsingh and Divya Shukla in Zee TV's Banoo Main Teri Dulhann and Dr. Ishita Bhalla in Star Plus's Yeh Hai Mohabbatein, both of these show earned her ITA Award for Best Actress - Popular and Best Actress - Jury. In 2017, participated in the dance reality show Nach Baliye 8 and emerged as the winner. In 2021, she participated at Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 11 as a contestant where she emerged as the runner-up.

Shivangi Joshi
Shivangi Joshi (pronounced [ʃɪˈʋaːŋɡi ˈd͡ʒoːʃi]; born 18 May 1998) is an Indian actress known for her work on Hindi television. She is one of the highest-paid Indian television actresses. Joshi is a recipient of several accolades including an Indian Television Academy Award, an Indian Telly Award and three Gold Awards.

Joshi began her television career with a cameo appearance in Parvarrish – Kuchh Khattee Kuchh Meethi and later made her full-fledged acting debut in 2013 with Khelti Hai Zindagi Aankh Micholi as Trisha. Later she portrayed Aayat Haider in Beintehaa (2013) and Poonam Thakur in Begusarai (2015–2016), before gaining further recognition for her performance as Naira Singhania Goenka in Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai (2016–2021), which earned her a ITA Award for Best Actress - Popular. She then portrayed Anandi Chaturvedi in Balika Vadhu 2  (2021–2022), Aradhana Sahni in Barsatein – Mausam Pyaar Ka (2023–2024) and Bhagyashree in Bade Achhe Lagte Hain 4 (2025).
Gondar
Gondar, also spelled Gonder (Amharic: ጎንደር, Gonder or Gondär; formerly ጐንደር, Gʷandar or Gʷender), is a city and woreda in Ethiopia. Located in the North Gondar Zone of the Amhara Region, Gondar is north of Lake Tana on the Lesser Angereb River and southwest of the Simien Mountains. As of 2021, Gondar has an estimated population of 443,156.

Gondar previously served as the capital of both the Ethiopian Empire and the subsequent Begemder Province. The city holds the remains of several royal castles, including those in the Fasil Ghebbi UNESCO World Heritage Site for which Gondar has been called the "Camelot of Africa".

Wegera (woreda)
Wegera or  Wogera (Amharic: ወገራ), is a woreda in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Wegera is named for the former province Wegera, which was located roughly in the same location, and was later made part of the province of Semien. Part of the Semien Gondar Zone, Wegera is bordered on the south by Mirab Belessa, on the southwest by Gondar Zuria, on the west by Lay Armachiho, on the northwest by Tach Armachiho, on the north by Dabat, on the northeast by Jan Amora, and on the southeast by Misraq Belessa. Towns in Wegera include Amba Giyorgis and Gedegbe.

Due to its inaccessibility and the lack of the most basic infrastructure, in 1999 the Regional government classified Wegera as one of its 47 drought prone and food insecure woredas.
Parc Monceau
Parc Monceau (French pronunciation: [paʁk mɔ̃so]; English: Monceau Park) is a public park situated in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, France, at the junction of the Boulevard de Courcelles, Rue de Prony and Rue Georges Berger. At the main entrance is a rotunda. The park covers an area of 8.2 hectares (20 acres).

Gabriel Davioud
Gabriel Jean Antoine Davioud (French: [ʒɑ̃ ɑ̃twan ɡabʁijɛl davju]; 30 October 1824 – 6 April 1881) was a French architect and a proponent of eclecticism in architecture. He worked closely with Baron Haussmann on the transformation of Paris under Napoleon III during the Second Empire. Davioud is remembered for his numerous contributions to Parisian architecture, notably the now-former Trocadéro Palace, which he co-designed with Jules Bourdais, the two theatres on the Place du Châtelet (Théâtre du Châtelet and Théâtre de la Ville), the Fontaine Saint-Michel, as well as urban amenities such as pavilions, benches and kiosks. These contributions now form an integral part of the style of Haussmann's Paris.
Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon
The men's marathon at the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro took place on the Sambódromo on 21 August, the final day of the Games. One hundred fifty-five athletes from 79 nations competed. The event was won by Eliud Kipchoge of Kenya, the nation's second victory in the event in three Games. Feyisa Lilesa of Ethiopia took silver, while Galen Rupp of the United States took bronze. The defending champion going into the marathon was Ugandan Stephen Kiprotich.

Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon
The men's marathon event at the 2020 Summer Olympics started at 07:00 on 8 August 2021 in Sapporo, Japan. 106 athletes from 46 nations competed. The previous Olympic champion, Kenyan Eliud Kipchoge, successfully defended his title, with Dutch and Belgian athletes Abdi Nageeye and Bashir Abdi gaining silver and bronze, respectively. Kipchoge was the third man to repeat as Olympic marathon champion, after Abebe Bikila and Waldemar Cierpinski. The Netherlands and Belgium earned their first men's marathon medals since 1980 and 1976, respectively.

The race was moved north, from Tokyo to Sapporo, because the latter is on average 4 °C (7 °F) cooler in August, as decided in 2019 by the IOC. Sapporo recorded 26.0 °C (78.8 °F) at 07:00 when the race started, not much different from Tokyo The gifts were presented by David Katz, United States; World Athletics Competition Commission Member.
Jackie Woodburne
Jacqueline Anne Woodburne (born 5 February 1956) is a Northern Ireland-born Australian actress, known for her numerous roles in television soap operas. After graduating from the National Theatre School, Woodburne played Maggie Gordon in The Young Doctors. She appeared in Cop Shop as Gina Rossi, and then she was cast as inmate Julie "Chook" Egbert in Prisoner. Since 1994, Woodburne has played teacher Susan Kennedy in Neighbours.

In the 1980s, Woodburne appeared in multiple miniseries', including Outbreak of Love, Sara Dane, and 1915, which earned her a Logie Award nomination. By 1985, Woodburne had had a starring role in a major series on every network. Since 2014, Woodburne has starred as Dr Anastasia Black in the sci-fi comedy audio series Night Terrace.

Ashleigh Brewer
Ashleigh May Brewer (born 9 December 1990) is an Australian actress. She had a recurring role in The Sleepover Club, before she joined the cast of H2O: Just Add Water. Brewer played the role of Kate Ramsay in the long-running Australian soap opera Neighbours from 2009 until 2014. She portrayed Ivy Forrester on the CBS Daytime soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful from 2014 until 2018. She returned in a recurring capacity in 2024. She joined the cast of Home and Away as Chelsea Campbell for six months in 2018.
Dual carriageway
A dual carriageway (BrE) or a divided highway (AmE) is a class of highway with carriageways for traffic travelling in opposite directions separated by a central reservation (BrE) or median (AmE). Roads with two or more carriageways which are designed to higher standards with controlled access are generally classed as motorways, freeways, etc., rather than dual carriageways.

A road without a central reservation is known as a single carriageway regardless of how many lanes there are. Dual carriageways have improved road traffic safety over the years and over single carriageways and typically have higher speed limits as a result. In some places, express lanes and local or collector lanes are used within a local-express-lane system to provide more capacity and to smooth out traffic flows for longer-distance travel.

Regional road (Ireland)
A regional road (Irish: bóthar réigiúnach) in the Republic of Ireland is a class of road not forming a major route (such as a national primary road or national secondary road), but nevertheless forming a link in the national route network. There are over 11,600 kilometres (7,200 miles) of regional roads. Regional roads are numbered with three-digit route numbers, prefixed by "R" (e.g. R105). The equivalent road category in Northern Ireland are B roads.
Ken Hodge
Kenneth Raymond Hodge, Sr. (born 25 June 1944) is a Canadian former hockey player who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Chicago Black Hawks, Boston Bruins and New York Rangers. He was born in Birmingham, England, but grew up in Toronto, Ontario.

John McKenzie (ice hockey)
John Albert McKenzie (December 12, 1937 – June 9, 2018) was a Canadian professional hockey player and coach. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for 12 seasons, most notably with the Boston Bruins, with whom he won the Stanley Cup twice. He also played several seasons in the World Hockey Association (WHA).
Cisgender
The word cisgender (often shortened to cis; sometimes cissexual) describes a person whose gender identity corresponds to their sex assigned at birth, i.e., someone who is not transgender. The prefix cis- is Latin and means on this side of. The term cisgender was coined in 1994 as an antonym to transgender, and entered into dictionaries starting in 2015 as a result of changes in social discourse about gender.

Related concepts are cisnormativity (the presumption that cisgender identity is preferred or normal) and cissexism (bias or prejudice favoring cisgender people).

Gender expression
Gender expression or gender presentation is a person's behavior, mannerisms, and appearance that are socially associated with gender, namely femininity or masculinity. Gender expression can also be defined as the external manifestation of one's gender identity through behavior, clothing, hairstyles, voice, or body characteristics. Typically, a person's gender expression is thought of in terms of masculinity and femininity, but an individual's gender expression may incorporate both feminine and masculine traits, or neither. A person's gender expression may or may not match their assigned sex at birth. This includes gender roles, and accordingly relies on cultural stereotypes about gender. It is distinct from gender identity.
Ulmus americana
Ulmus americana, generally known as the American elm or, less commonly, as the white elm or water elm, is a species of elm native to eastern North America. The trees can live for several hundred years. It is a very hardy species that can withstand low winter temperatures.  The American elm was once exceptionally common as a street tree, its tolerance of urban conditions making it a popular choice to line American streets in the 19th and early 20th centuries.  The coming of beetles bearing Dutch elm disease devastated the American elm population, starting in the 1920s.  The species still holds out in some locations, but is also no longer nearly as common as during its height.

The wood was seldom utilized until the advent of mechanical sawing. It is the state tree of Massachusetts and North Dakota.

Taxodium distichum
Taxodium distichum (baldcypress, bald-cypress, bald cypress, swamp cypress; French: cyprès chauve;
cipre in Louisiana) is a deciduous conifer in the family Cupressaceae. It is native to the Southeastern United States. Hardy and tough, this tree adapts to a wide range of soil types, whether wet, salty, dry, or swampy. It is noted for the russet-red fall color of its lacy needles.

This plant has some cultivated varieties and is often used in groupings in public spaces. Common names include bald cypress, swamp cypress, white cypress, tidewater red cypress, gulf cypress, and red cypress.

The bald cypress was designated the official state tree of Louisiana in 1963.

Bald cypress trees are valued because of their rot-resistant heartwood when the trees are mature. Because of this, the trees are often used for making fence posts, doors, flooring, caskets, and a number of other items.