hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Civil authority
Civil authority or civil government is the practical implementation of a state on behalf of its citizens, other than through military units (martial law), that enforces law and order and that is distinguished from religious authority (for example, canon law) and secular authority. The enforcement of law and order is typically the role of the police in modern states.

Chief of district
Chief of district was a public official in Second Polish Republic with the power to govern the districts. He was a representative of the Council of Ministers, responsible for the implementation of the laws as well as superior to local administration offices.

The function of chief of district existed within the districts of the civil administrations of Poland, that existed between 1919 and 1920, during the Polish–Soviet War. Said administrations were Civil Administration of the Eastern Lands, Civil Administration of the Lands of Volhynia and Podolian Front and Provisional Administration of Front-line and Phase Territories, and districts formed within them were: Brześć, Mińsk, Wilno, Volhynian and Podolian. Later the function had existed within the districts of Poland between 1920 and 1921. Such districts were: Nowogródek, Polesian and Volhynian
Real Betis
Real Betis Balompié, S.A.D., known as Real Betis (pronounced [reˈal ˈβetis]) is a Spanish professional football club based in Seville, Andalusia, Spain. It plays in La Liga, the top flight of Spanish football. It currently plays home games at the 70,000-seat Estadio de La Cartuja.

Real Betis won the league title in 1935 and the Copa del Rey in 1977, 2005 and 2022. Given the club's tumultuous history and many relegations, its motto is ¡Viva el Betis manque pierda! (Long live Betis even though they lose!).

1998–99 UEFA Cup
The 1998–99 UEFA Cup was won by Parma in the final against Marseille. It was their second title in the competition.

It was the last edition of the old format UEFA Cup, before the Cup Winners' Cup was merged into it to include domestic cup winners, and an extra knockout round was added. The new format was last played in the 2003–04 season and was later replaced by a Group Stage format in 2004–05.
Pudozh
Pudozh (Russian: Пудож; Karelian: Puudoži; Veps: Pudož; Finnish: Puudosi or Puutoinen) is a town and the administrative center of Pudozhsky District of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located on the Vodla River 115 kilometers (71 mi) east of Petrozavodsk, but 352 kilometers (219 mi) traveling by the road around Lake Onega. Population: 9,698 (2010 Census); 10,632 (2002 Census); 10,982 (1989 Soviet census); 8,000 (1970).

An international tourist route Blue Highway ends in Pudozh. The route leads from Norway via Sweden and Finland to Republic of Karelia.

Vytegra
Vytegra (Russian: Вы́тегра, IPA: [ˈvɨtʲɪɡrə]) is a town and the administrative center of Vytegorsky District in Vologda Oblast, Russia, located along the shores of the Vytegra River on Volga–Baltic Waterway, 315 kilometers (196 mi) northwest of Vologda, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:  10,488 (2010 Census); 11,400 (2002 Census); 12,905 (1989 Soviet census).
Chao Phraya River
The Chao Phraya River (Thai: แม่น้ำเจ้าพระยา) is the major river in Thailand, with its low alluvial plain forming the centre of the country. It flows through Bangkok and then into the Gulf of Thailand.

Suryavarman I
Suryavarman I (Khmer: សូរ្យវរ្ម័នទី១; posthumously Nirvanapada) was king of the Khmer Empire from 1002 to 1050.: 134–135  Suryavarman usurped King Udayadityavarman I, defeating his armies in approximately 1002. After a protracted war with Udayadityavarman's would-be successor, Jayavirahvarman,  Suryavarman I claimed the throne in 1010. Suryavarman was a Mahayana Buddhist: 134  who was also tolerant of the growing Theravada Buddhist presence in the Khmer kingdom.
Cooper Kupp
Cooper Douglas Kupp (born June 15, 1993) is an American professional football wide receiver for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Eastern Washington Eagles, winning the Walter Payton Award in 2015 and setting the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision records for receptions, receiving yards, and receiving touchdowns. He was selected by the Los Angeles Rams in the third round of the 2017 NFL draft.

Kupp had a breakout season in 2021 when he became the fourth player since the AFL-NFL Merger to lead the league in receptions, receiving yards, and receiving touchdowns. He was named the Offensive Player of the Year Award and was the MVP of Super Bowl LVI. Kupp joined the Seahawks in 2025, winning Super Bowl LX the same year.

DeMarcus Lawrence
DeMarcus Lawrence (born April 28, 1992) is an American professional football linebacker for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Butler Community College Grizzlies and Boise State Broncos. Lawrence was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the second round of the 2014 NFL draft. He spent 11 seasons with the Cowboys before signing with the Seahawks in 2025. He won Super Bowl LX the same year.
Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club
Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club is one of eighteen first-class county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Nottinghamshire. The club's limited overs team is called the Notts Outlaws.

The county club was founded in 1841, although teams had played first-class cricket under the Nottinghamshire name since 1835. The county club has always held first-class status. Nottinghamshire had competed in the County Championship since the official start of the competition in 1890 and have played in every top-level elite domestic cricket competition in England.

The club plays most of its home games at the Trent Bridge cricket ground in West Bridgford, Nottingham, which is also a venue for Test matches. The club has played matches at numerous other venues in the county.

1985 NatWest Trophy
The 1985 NatWest Trophy was the 5th NatWest Trophy.  It was an English limited overs county cricket tournament which was held between 3 July and 7 September 1985. The tournament was won by Essex who defeated Nottinghamshire by 1 run in the final at Lord's.
Sextus Empiricus
Sextus Empiricus (Ancient Greek: Σέξτος Ἐμπειρικός, Sextos Empeirikos; fl. mid-late 2nd century CE) was a Greek Pyrrhonist philosopher and Empiric school physician with Roman citizenship. His philosophical works are the most complete surviving account of ancient Greek and Roman Pyrrhonism, and because of the arguments they contain against the other Hellenistic philosophies, they are also a major source of information about those philosophies.

Academic skepticism
Academic skepticism was the philosophy of the skeptical period of the Academy dating from around 266 BCE, when Arcesilaus became scholarch, until around 90 BCE, when Antiochus of Ascalon rejected skepticism, although individual philosophers, such as Favorinus and his teacher Plutarch, continued to defend skepticism after this date. Unlike the existing school of skepticism, the Pyrrhonists, they maintained that knowledge of things is impossible. Ideas or notions are never true; nevertheless, there are degrees of plausibility, and hence degrees of belief, which allow one to act. The school was characterized by its attacks on the Stoics, particularly their dogma that convincing impressions led to true knowledge. The most important Academics were Arcesilaus, Carneades, and Philo of Larissa. The most extensive ancient source of information about Academic skepticism is Academica, written by the Academic skeptic philosopher Cicero.
Columbia College, Columbia University
Columbia College is the oldest undergraduate college of Columbia University, a private Ivy League research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Church in Manhattan, it is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of New York and the fifth oldest in the United States.

Columbia was established as a colonial college by royal charter under George II of Great Britain. It was renamed Columbia College in 1784 following the American Revolution, and in 1787 was placed under a private board of trustees headed by alumni Alexander Hamilton and John Jay.

Columbia College is distinctive for its comprehensive Core Curriculum and is among the most selective of American colleges, with an admission rate of 3.85% in 2024.

Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation
The Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation (GSAPP) is the architecture school of Columbia University, a private research university in New York City. It is also home to the Masters of Science program in Advanced Architectural Design, Computational Design Practice, Critical Curatorial & Conceptual Practices, Historic Preservation, Real Estate Development, Urban Design, and Urban Planning.

The school's resources include the Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library, the United States' largest architectural library and home to some of the first books published on architecture, as well as the origin of the Avery Index to Architectural Periodicals.

Recent deans of the school have included architects James Stewart Polshek (1972–1987), Bernard Tschumi (1988–2003), Mark Wigley (2004–2014), Amale Andraos (2014–2021), Weiping Wu (Interim Dean, 2022), and Andrés Jaque (2022–present).
Liberec
Liberec (Czech pronunciation: [ˈlɪbɛrɛts] ⓘ; German: Reichenberg) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 108,000 inhabitants, making it the fifth largest city in the country. It lies on the Lusatian Neisse River, in a basin surrounded by mountains. The city centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

Liberec was once home to a thriving textile industry and hence nicknamed the "Manchester of Bohemia". A symbol of the city and the main landmark of the panorama of Liberec is the Ještěd Tower. Since the end of the 19th century, the city has been a conurbation with the suburb of Vratislavice nad Nisou and the neighbouring city of Jablonec nad Nisou.

Czech Hockey Games
The Czech Hockey Games, also sponsored as Betano Hockey Games, is an annual ice hockey event held in Czech Republic. It is part of the Euro Hockey Tour. It was previously sponsored as the Pragobanka Cup, Česká Pojišťovna Cup, KAJOTbet Hockey Games, and Carlson Hockey Games.
Moth
Moths are a group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies. They were previously classified as suborder Heterocera, but the group is paraphyletic with respect to butterflies (suborder Rhopalocera) and neither subordinate taxon is used in modern classifications. Moths make up the vast majority of the order. There are approximately 160,000 species of moth, many of which have yet to be described. Most species of moth are nocturnal, although there are also crepuscular and diurnal species.

Heteroneura
Heteroneura is a natural group (or clade) in the insect order Lepidoptera that comprises over 99% of all butterflies and moths. This is the sister group of the infraorder Exoporia (swift moths and their relatives), and is characterised by wing venation which is not similar or homoneurous in both pairs of wings.  Though basal groups within the Heteroneura cannot be identified with much confidence, one major subgroup is the leaf-mining Nepticuloidea.  Species in this subgroup include some of the smallest lepidopterans identified.
Amanda Carrington
Amanda Carrington is a fictional character from the ABC prime time soap opera Dynasty, created by Richard and Esther Shapiro. She was portrayed by Catherine Oxenberg for two seasons from 1984 to 1986, and then by Karen Cellini for 13 episodes from 1986 to 1987. Eliza Bennett plays Amanda in the CW reboot series Dynasty from 2021 to 2022.

Robert Christopher Riley
Robert Christopher Riley (born October 11, 1980) is an American film, television, and stage actor of Trinidadian and Bajan descent. He is known for his role as Terrence Wall in the VH1 television drama series Hit The Floor from 2013 to 2016, and for playing Michael Culhane in The CW's 2017 Dynasty reboot.
Torah study
Torah study is the study of the Torah, Hebrew Bible, Talmud, responsa, rabbinic literature, and similar works, all of which are Judaism's religious texts. According to Rabbinic Judaism, the study is done for the purpose of the mitzvah ("commandment") of Torah study itself.

This practice is present to an extent in all religious branches of Judaism, and is considered of paramount importance among religious Jews. Torah study has evolved over the generations, as lifestyles changed and also as new texts were written.

Pirkei Avot
Pirkei Avot (Hebrew: פִּרְקֵי אָבוֹת, romanized: pirqē aḇoṯ, lit. 'Chapters of the [Fore]fathers'; also transliterated as Pirqei Avoth or Pirkei Avos or Pirke Aboth, also Abhoth), is a compilation of the Jewish theological and ethical teachings and maxims from Rabbinic Jewish tradition. It is part of didactic Jewish ethical literature. Because of its contents, the name is sometimes given as Ethics of the Fathers. Pirkei Avot consists of the Mishnaic minor tractate of Avot, the second-to-last tractate in the order of Nezikin in the Mishnah, plus one additional chapter. Avot is unique in that it is the only tractate of the Mishnah dealing solely with ethical and moral principles; there is relatively little Halakha (Jewish law) in Pirkei Avot.
A Night at the Opera (film)
A Night at the Opera is a 1935 American comedy film starring the Marx Brothers (Groucho, Harpo and Chico), and featuring Kitty Carlisle, Allan Jones, Margaret Dumont, Sig Ruman, and Walter Woolf King. It was the first of five films the Marx Brothers made under contract for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer after their departure from Paramount Pictures, and the first after Zeppo left the act. The film was written by George S. Kaufman and Morrie Ryskind from a story by James Kevin McGuinness, with additional uncredited dialogue by Al Boasberg. The film was directed by Sam Wood.

One of MGM's biggest hits at the 1935 box office, A Night at the Opera was selected in 1993 for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". It is also included in the 2007 update of AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies, at number 85; and previously in AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs 2000 showing, at number 12.

Nacio Herb Brown
Ignacio Herbert "Nacio Herb" Brown (February 22, 1896 – September 28, 1964) was an American composer of popular songs, movie scores and Broadway theatre music in the 1920s through the early 1950s. Amongst his most enduring work is the score for the 1952 musical film Singin' in the Rain.
Limit state design
Limit State Design (LSD), also known as  Load And Resistance Factor Design (LRFD), refers to a design method used in structural engineering. A limit state is a condition of a structure beyond which it no longer fulfills the relevant design criteria. The condition may refer to a degree of loading or other actions on the structure, while the criteria refer to structural integrity, fitness for use, durability or other design requirements. A structure designed by LSD is proportioned to sustain all actions likely to occur during its design life, and to remain fit for use, with an appropriate level of reliability for each limit state. Building codes based on LSD implicitly define the appropriate levels of reliability by their prescriptions.

The method of limit state design, developed in the USSR and based on research led by Professor N.S. Streletski, was introduced in USSR building regulations in 1955.

Structural load
A structural load or structural action is a mechanical load (more generally a force) applied to structural elements. A load causes stress, deformation, displacement or acceleration  in a structure. Structural analysis, a discipline in engineering, analyzes the effects of loads on structures and structural elements. Excess load may cause structural failure, so this should be considered and controlled during the design of a structure. Particular  mechanical structures—such as aircraft, satellites, rockets, space stations, ships, and submarines—are subject to their own particular structural loads and actions. Engineers often evaluate structural loads based upon published regulations, contracts, or specifications.  Accepted technical standards are used for acceptance testing and inspection.
St. Francois County, Missouri
St. Francois County (/ˈfrænsɪs/ FRAN-siss) is a county in the Lead Belt region in the U.S. state of Missouri. At the 2020 census, the population was 66,922. The largest city and county seat is Farmington. The county was officially organized on December 19, 1821. It was named after the St. Francis River. The origin of the river's name is unclear. It may refer to St. Francis of Assisi. Another possibility is that Jacques Marquette, a Jesuit who explored the region in 1673, named the river for the Jesuit missionary Francis Xavier; Marquette had spent some time at the mission of St. François Xavier before his voyage and, as a Jesuit, was unlikely to have given the river a name honoring the Franciscans.

St. Francois County comprises the Farmington Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the St. Louis–St. Charles–Farmington–Illinois Combined Statistical Area.

Doe Run, Missouri
Doe Run is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in St. Francois County, Missouri, United States. It is located on Routes 221 and B, approximately three miles southwest of Farmington.
Starwood Festival
The Starwood Festival is a seven-day New Age neopagan and world music festival. It takes place every July in the United States. The Starwood Festival is a camping event which holds workshops on a variety of subjects. There are also live musical performances, rituals, bonfires, multimedia presentations and social activities. It is a clothing optional event, and skyclad attendance is common.

Sikiru Adepoju
Sikiru Adepoju Listenⓘ(born 10 November 1950) is a Nigerian percussionist and recording artist, primarily in the genres of traditional African music and world music. He plays a variety of instruments and styles.
Spearfish, South Dakota
Spearfish (Lakota: Hočhápȟe) is a city in Lawrence County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 12,193 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 13,803 in 2024, making it the 10th most populous city in South Dakota. Spearfish is the largest city in Lawrence County and the home of Black Hills State University.

U.S. Route 85
U.S. Route 85 (US 85) is a 1,479-mile-long (2,380 km) north–south United States Highway that travels in the Mountain and Northern Plains states of the United States. The southern terminus of the highway is at the Mexican border in El Paso, Texas, connecting with Mexican Federal Highway 45. The northern terminus is at the Canadian border north of Fortuna, North Dakota, where the route continues north as Saskatchewan Highway 35. The highway route is part of the CanAm Highway. Sections of US 85 are designated as the Theodore Roosevelt Expressway.
Jim Shooter
James Charles Shooter (September 27, 1951 – June 30, 2025) was an American writer, editor and publisher in the comics industry. Beginning his career writing for DC Comics at the age of 14, he had a successful but controversial run as editor-in-chief at Marvel Comics, and launched comics publishers Valiant, Defiant, and Broadway.

Bill Mantlo
William Timothy Mantlo (born November 9, 1951) is an American comic book writer, primarily at Marvel Comics.  He is best known for his work on two licensed toy properties whose adventures occurred in the Marvel Universe: Micronauts and Rom, as well as co-creating the characters Rocket Raccoon and Cloak and Dagger. An attorney who worked as a public defender, Mantlo was the victim of a hit-and-run accident in 1992 that left him with severe brain damage and has been in institutional care ever since.
Mexican National Atómicos Championship
The Mexican National Atómicos Championship (Spanish: Campeonato Nacional Atómicos) was a tag team championship for four-man teams, or Atómicos as they are referred to in Lucha libre. The title is a national championship, controlled by the Mexico City Boxing and Wrestling Commission, which regulates all matches where the title is defended. The championship was created in 1996 and was primarily defended in the Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA) promotion. In early 2009, the reigning champions, Chessman and Los Psycho Circus (Killer Clown, Psycho Clown, and Zombie Clown) were stripped of the title and it was subsequently declared inactive.

Super Fly (wrestler)
Erick Aguilar Muñoz (born February 24, 1987) is a Mexican luchador (professional wrestler) better known by the ring name Super Fly. He worked for the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA) since 2005 until 2021. Super Fly is best known as a tecnico (the Spanish term for a "good guy" or "Face" character in wrestling) and the co-leader of the AAA wrestling group Real Fuerza Aérea, but 
after turning rudo (the Spanish term for a "bad guy" or "heel" character in wrestling) and joined the group La Milicia and its umbrella group La Sociedad. Super Fly is the son of luchador El Seminarista, not to be confused with one of his trainers, Skayde, who has also wrestled under the same ring name.
States and union territories of India
India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 union territories, for a total of 36 subnational entities. The states and union territories in turn are each subdivided into a total of around 800 districts, which contain further administrative subdivisions.

Under the Indian Constitution and laws, the states of India are self-governing administrative divisions, each having a state government. The legal power to manage affairs in each state is shared or divided between the particular state government on one hand and the national union government on the other. The union territories are directly governed by the union government; no state level government (and thus no division of power) exists in these jurisdictions.

Mahbubnagar
Mahbubnagar, formerly known as Rukmammapeta and Palamooru is a city in Mahbubnagar District of the Indian state of Telangana named after the 6th Nizam of Hyderabad, Mahboob Ali Khan. It is the headquarters of Mahbubnagar mandal in Mahbubnagar revenue division. The city is also the largest in the district with an area of 39.64 km2 (15.31 sq mi) and 7th most populous in the state.

The region was historically known for milk production. On 4 December 1890, the name was changed to Mahbubnagar in honour of Mir Mahbub Ali Khan, the 6th Nizam of Hyderabad.

It is the headquarters of Palamoor mandal in Palamoor revenue division. The city is also the largest in the district with an area of 39.64 km2 (15.31 sq mi) and 7th most populous in the state.