hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Daraa Governorate
Daraa Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة درعا Muḥāfaẓat Dar‘ā) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in the south-west of the country and covers an area of 2594 km2. It is bordered by Jordan to the south, Quneitra Governorate and Golan Heights to the west, Rif Dimashq Governorate to the north and Suwayda Governorate to the east. The capital is the city of Daraa.

The governorate had a population of 843,478 in the 2004 census.
Several clashes have occurred within the governorate throughout the Syrian civil war.

Latakia Governorate
Latakia Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة اللاذقية Muḥāfaẓat al-Lādhiqīyah), officially known as Lattakia Governorate, and also transliterated as Ladhakia, is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is situated in northwestern Syria, bordering Turkey's Hatay Province to the north, Idlib and Hama Governorate to the east, Tartus Governorate to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Its reported area varies in different sources from 2,297 km2 (887 sq mi) to 2,437 km2 (941 sq mi). The governorate has a population of 1,008,000 (2011 estimate).
Long An FC
Long An Football Club (Vietnamese: Câu lạc bộ Bóng đá Long An), simply known as Long An, is a professional football club, based in Tân An ward, Tây Ninh, Vietnam, that competes in the V.League 2.

The team is playing at Long An Stadium. The name Long An was adopted on 12 December 2015 to replace Đồng Tâm Long An.

2007 AFC Champions League
The 2007 AFC Champions League was the 26th edition of the top-level Asian club football tournament and the 5th edition under the current AFC Champions League title.

Japanese side Urawa Red Diamonds became champions for the first time, beating Sepahan of Iran and becoming the fourth Japanese club to win the Asian championship, and qualified for the 2007 FIFA Club World Cup.
Boman Irani
Boman Irani (born 2 December 1959) is an Indian actor and comedian who worked primarily in Hindi-language films. He has featured in over 100 films, and is the recipient of a Filmfare Award and two IIFA Awards.

Some of his notable works include Munna Bhai MBBS (2003), Veer-Zaara, Main Hoon Na, Lakshya (all 2004), No Entry (2005), Lage Raho Munna Bhai, Don (both 2006), Khosla Ka Ghosla (2006), Heyy Babyy (2007), Dostana (2008), 3 Idiots (2009), Housefull (2010), Don 2 (2011), Housefull 2, Cocktail (both 2012), Jolly LLB (2013), PK, Happy New Year (both 2014), Dilwale (2015), Housefull 3 (2016), Sanju (2018), Total Dhamaal (2019), 83 (2021), Uunchai (2022) and Dunki (2023). He made his directorial debut with the self-starring drama The Mehta Boys (2025).

Abhijat Joshi
Abhijat Joshi (born 1 December 1969) is an Indian screenwriter, film director, producer and editor who works in Hindi cinema. He is known for collaboration with Vinod Chopra Productions and director Rajkumar Hirani, as the screenwriter for Lage Raho Munna Bhai  (2006), 3 Idiots (2009), PK (2014) and Sanju (2018). He is a professor of English at Otterbein University in Westerville, Ohio, since 2003.
Custard
Custard is a variety of culinary preparations based on sweetened milk, cheese, or cream cooked with egg or egg yolk to thicken it, and sometimes also flour, corn starch, or gelatin. Depending on the recipe, custard may vary in consistency from a thin pouring sauce (crème anglaise) to the thick pastry cream (crème pâtissière) used to fill éclairs. The most common custards are used in custard desserts or dessert sauces and typically include sugar and vanilla; however, savory custards are also found, e.g., in quiche.

Rose water
Rose water or rosewater is a flavoured water created by steeping rose petals in water. It is typically made as a by-product during the distillation of rose petals to create rose oil for perfumes. Rose water is widely utilized to flavour culinary dishes and enhance cosmetic products, and it is significant in religious rituals throughout Eurasia. Iran is a major producer, supplying around 90% of the world's rose water demand.

Central Iran is home to the annual Golabgiri festival each spring. Thousands of tourists visit the area to celebrate the rose harvest for the production of rosewater.
Hanging
Hanging is killing a person by suspending them from the neck with a noose or ligature. Hanging has been a standard method of capital punishment since the Middle Ages, and has been the primary execution method in numerous countries and regions. As a form of execution, it is commonly practiced at a structure called a gallows. The first known account of execution by hanging is in Homer's Odyssey. Hanging is also a common method of suicide.

Lincoln Castle
Lincoln Castle is a major medieval castle constructed in Lincoln, England, during the late 11th century by William the Conqueror on the site of a pre-existing Roman fortress. The castle is unusual in that it has two mottes. It is one of only two such castles in the country, the other being at Lewes in East Sussex. Lincoln Castle remained in use as a prison and court into modern times and is one of the better preserved castles in England; the Crown Courts continue to this day.

The castle is open to the public most days of the week and possible to walk around the walls from which there are views of the castle complex, cathedral, the city, and surrounding countryside. Displayed within the castle is one of only four surviving exemplars of the 1215 issue of Magna Carta. The castle is now owned by Lincolnshire County Council and is a scheduled monument.
Battle of Denain
The Battle of Denain was fought on 24 July 1712 as part of the War of the Spanish Succession. It resulted in a French victory, under Marshal Villars, against Dutch and Austrian forces, under Prince Eugene of Savoy.

It was the war's last battle in Flanders and one of the most consequential, breaking the Grand Alliance's ability to threaten Paris and reversing nearly two years of French territorial losses. In itself a local and tactical victory, Denain was made decisive by its relentless exploitation by Villars, who skillfully maneuvered to reclaim strategic border fortifications that would blunt any allied effort to renew their advance on Paris and dictate peace terms to Louis XIV.

Le Quesnoy
Le Quesnoy (French pronunciation: [lə kenwa]; Picard: L' Kénoé) is a commune and small town in the east of the Nord department of northern France. It was part of the historical province of French Hainaut.  It is known for its fortifications, dating from the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. It had a significant shoemaking industry before the late 1940s, followed by a chemical factory and dairy, giving way to its weekly market, tourism, local commuting to elsewhere such as Valenciennes and local shops.

Le Quesnoy's inhabitants are known as Quercitains.
Bangladesh Navy
The Bangladesh Navy (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ নৌবাহিনী, romanized: Bānlādeś Noubāhinī; abbreviated as BN) is the naval warfare branch of the Bangladesh Armed Forces, responsible for defending the maritime interests and territorial waters of Bangladesh. Operating under the Ministry of Defence, the Navy conducts maritime security, naval defense, surveillance, and disaster relief operations. Established after the 1971 Liberation War, the Bangladesh Navy has developed into a modern and professional force, actively participating in United Nations peacekeeping operations and regional maritime security initiatives. The Bangladesh Navy today is typically categorized as a green-water navy both domestically and internationally.

Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority
The Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ অভ্যন্তরীণ নৌপরিবহন কর্তৃপক্ষ) also known as BIWTA is the authority which controls the inland water transport in Bangladesh. It's also responsible for managing development and maintenance of inland water transport system.
2016 Tajik League
The 2016 Tajik League is the 25th season of Tajik League, the Tajikistan Football Federation's top division of association football. FC Istiklol are the defending champions, having won the previous season.

2019 Tajikistan Higher League
The 2019 Ligai Olii Tojikiston (Tajik: 2019 Лигаи Олии Тоҷикистон) or 2019 Tajikistan Higher League was the 28th season of Ligai Olii Tojikiston, Tajikistan's top division of association football. The season began on 6 April 2019. and finished on 4 November 2019.
Scott Brosius
Scott David Brosius (born August 15, 1966) is an American former professional baseball third baseman for the Oakland Athletics (1991–1997) and the New York Yankees (1998–2001) of Major League Baseball (MLB) who is the athletic director at Linfield University. He was an MLB All-Star in 1998 and won a Gold Glove Award in 1999. Brosius was a member of three consecutive World Series champions with the Yankees from 1998 to 2000 and won the World Series Most Valuable Player Award in 1998.

Byung-hyun Kim
Byung-hyun Kim (Korean: 김병현; born January 19, 1979), also known as BK Kim, is a South Korean former professional baseball pitcher. He had his most successful years with the Arizona Diamondbacks and the Boston Red Sox.

Kim is best remembered for his role in the 2001 World Series, in which he gave up consecutive ninth-inning leads in both Game 4 and Game 5, taking the loss in Game 4. He went on to save 36 games for the Diamondbacks in 2002 and 16 for the Red Sox in 2003, and played in the 2002 All Star Game. He is the first Korean player to win a World Series.
Pekalongan
Pekalongan (Javanese: ꦦꦼꦏꦭꦺꦴꦔꦤ꧀) is a city of Central Java, Indonesia. It was formerly the seat of Pekalongan Regency on the northern coast of the province, but is now an independent municipality within the province. It covers a land area of 45.25 km2 and had a population of 281,434 at the 2010 Census and 307,150 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 321,095 (comprising 162,158 males and 158,937 females). The city is Central Java's most important port, and is known for its batik. Since December 2014, Pekalongan has been a member of UNESCO's World's Creative Cities Network, the first Southeast Asian city to be added to the list.

The Dutch name of the city is 'Pacalongan'.

Arab Indonesians
Arab Indonesians (Indonesian: Orang Arab Indonesia; Arabic: عربٌ إندونيسيون), or colloquially known as Jama'ah, are Indonesians of mixed Arab, mainly Hadharem from Yemen, and Indonesian descent. The ethnic group generally also includes those of Arab descent from other Middle Eastern Arabic speaking nations. Restricted under Dutch East Indies law until 1919, the community elites later gained economic power through real estate investment and trading. Currently found mainly in Java, especially West Java and East Java, they are almost all Muslims.

The official number of Arab and part-Arab descent in Indonesia was recorded since 19th century. The census of 1870 recorded a total of 12,412 Arab Indonesians (7,495 living in Java and Madura and the rest in other islands). By 1900, the total number of Arabs citizens increased to 27,399, then 44,902 by 1920, and 71,335 by 1930.
Lisa Randall
Lisa Randall HonFInstP (born June 18, 1962) is an American theoretical physicist and Frank B. Baird, Jr. Professor of Science at Harvard University. Her research includes the fundamental forces of nature and dimensions of space.  She studies the Standard Model, supersymmetry, possible solutions to the hierarchy problem concerning the relative weakness of gravity, cosmology of dimensions, baryogenesis, cosmological inflation, and dark matter. She co-developed the Randall–Sundrum model, first published in 1999 with Raman Sundrum.

Theoretical physics
Theoretical physics is a branch of physics that employs mathematical models and abstractions of physical objects and systems to rationalize, explain, and predict natural phenomena. This is in contrast to experimental physics, which uses experimental tools to probe these phenomena.

The advancement of science generally depends on the interplay between experimental studies and theory. In some cases, theoretical physics adheres to standards of mathematical rigour while giving little weight to experiments and observations. For example, while developing special relativity, Albert Einstein was concerned with the Lorentz transformation which left Maxwell's equations invariant, but was apparently uninterested in the Michelson–Morley experiment on Earth's drift through a luminiferous aether. Conversely, Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for explaining the photoelectric effect, previously an experimental result lacking a theoretical formulation.
Neurosurgery
Neurosurgery or/and neurological surgery, also known in common parlance as brain surgery, is the medical specialty that focuses on the surgical treatment or rehabilitation of disorders that affect any portion of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, and cerebrovascular system. Neurosurgery as a medical specialty also includes non-surgical management of some neurological conditions.

Body of Proof
Body of Proof is an American medical/crime comedy-drama television series that ran on American Broadcasting Company from March 29, 2011, to May 28, 2013, and starred Dana Delany as medical examiner Dr. Megan Hunt. The series was created by Christopher Murphey and produced by ABC Studios. On May 10, 2013, ABC canceled the series after three seasons.
Santa Marta
Santa Marta (Spanish pronunciation: [ˌsanta ˈmaɾta]), officially the Distrito Turístico, Cultural e Histórico de Santa Marta (English: Historic, Cultural & Tourist District of Santa Marta), is a port city on the coast of the Caribbean Sea in northern Colombia. It is the capital of Magdalena Department and the fourth-largest urban city of the Caribbean Region of Colombia, after Barranquilla, Cartagena, and Soledad. Founded on July 29, 1525, by the Spanish conqueror Rodrigo de Bastidas, it was one of the first Spanish settlements in Colombia, its oldest surviving city, and second-oldest in South America. This city is situated on a bay by the same name and as such, it is a prime tourist destination in the Caribbean region.

Honda, Tolima
Honda (IPA: [onda]) is a town and municipality in the Tolima department of Colombia. The population of the municipality was 24,693 as of the census 2018. Along with Líbano, Honda is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Líbano-Honda. The main industries of Honda are tourism, fishing, and cattle-ranching.
Polotsk
Polotsk or Polatsk is a town in Vitebsk Region, Belarus. It is situated on the Dvina River and serves as the administrative center of Polotsk District. Polotsk is served by Polotsk Airport and Borovitsy air base. As of 2025, it has a population of 79,285.

Haradok
Haradok or Gorodok (Belarusian: Гарадок, IPA: [ɣaraˈdok]; Russian: Городок; Polish: Horodek) is a town in Vitebsk Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Haradok District. Approximately 14,000 people reside in the town itself and around 30,000 people reside within the district, which is one of the largest in the country. The town is located on the north-east of Belarus and occupies around 3,000 square kilometers. It is situated 30 kilometers away from Vitebsk, the major city of one of the six provinces in the Republic of Belarus. As of 2025, it has a population of 11,321.
Rosie Webster
Rosie Webster is a fictional character from the ITV soap opera Coronation Street. The character has been played by two actresses: Emma Collinge from 1990 to 1999, and Helen Flanagan from 2000 to 2012, and from 2017 to 2018.

Rosie is the eldest daughter of Kevin (Michael Le Vell) and Sally Webster (Sally Dynevor), older sister to Sophie Webster (Ashleigh Middleton, Emma Woodward, Brooke Vincent), and older half-sister to Jack Webster and deceased Jake Webster. Throughout her storylines, Rosie has been involved in various conflicts, including a rivalry with younger sister Sophie and being kidnapped by John Stape (Graeme Hawley). Additionally, Rosie has had aspirations of becoming a model, which has been a significant storyline for her character.

Chesney Brown
Chesney Brown (also Battersby-Brown and Winter-Brown) is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera Coronation Street, played by Sam Aston. He made his first on-screen appearance on 10 November 2003. The character is named after the singer, Chesney Hawkes.

Chesney is the younger brother of Fiz Brown (Jennie McAlpine) and son of Cilla Battersby-Brown (Wendi Peters). He is also a father of five and the husband to Gemma Winter (Dolly-Rose Campbell). Chesney's storylines have included: his friendship with pet dog Schmeichel and coming to terms with the loss of his beloved pet, as well as his relationship with Katy Armstrong (Georgia May Foote) who later went on to give birth to his son Joseph Brown (Lucca-Owen Warwick) aged just seventeen. Chesney later began a relationship with Sinead Tinker (Katie McGlynn) in 2013 and was stabbed with a glass bottle during an incident at Nick's Bistro in 2017. Within days of the incident, he made a full recovery.
Nicomedia
Nicomedia (/ˌnɪkəˈmiːdiə/; Greek: Νικομήδεια, Nikomedeia; modern İzmit) was an ancient Greek city located in what is now Turkey. In 286 AD, Nicomedia became the eastern and most senior capital city of the Roman Empire (chosen by the emperor Diocletian who ruled in the east), a status which the city maintained during the Tetrarchy system (293–324 AD).

The Tetrarchy ended with the Battle of Chrysopolis (Üsküdar) in 324 AD, when the western Roman emperor Constantine the Great defeated Licinius and became the sole emperor. In 330 AD, Constantine chose for himself the nearby Byzantium (which was renamed Constantinople, modern Istanbul) as the new capital of the Roman Empire.

The city was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire with the victory of Sultan Orhan Gazi against the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines managed to retake it in the aftermath of the Battle of Ankara, but it fell definitively to the Ottomans in 1419 AD.

Seljuk dynasty
The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids (/ˈsɛldʒʊk/ SEL-juuk; Turkish: Selçuklular, Persian: سلجوقیان Saljuqian,) alternatively spelled as Saljuqids or Seljuk Turks, was an Oghuz Turkic, Sunni Muslim dynasty that culturally became Persianate and contributed to Turco-Persian culture.

The founder of the Seljuk dynasty, Seljuk Beg, was a descendant of a royal Khazar chief Tuqaq who served as advisor to the King of the Khazars, in West Asia and Central Asia. The Seljuks established the Seljuk Empire (1037–1194), the Sultanate of Kermân (1041–1186) and the Sultanate of Rum (1074–1308), which stretched from Iran to Anatolia and were the prime targets of the First Crusade.
Bungo Province
Bungo Province (豊後国, Bungo no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [bɯꜜŋ.ɡo (no kɯ.ɲi), bɯꜜŋ.ŋo-]) was a province of Japan in the area of eastern Kyūshū, corresponding to most of modern Ōita Prefecture, except what is now the cities of Nakatsu and Usa. Bungo bordered on Hyūga to the south, Higo and Chikugo to the west, and Chikuzen and Buzen to the north. Its abbreviated form was Hōshū (豊州), although it was also called Nihō (二豊). In terms of the Gokishichidō system, Bungo was one of the provinces of the Saikaidō circuit. Under the Engishiki classification system, Bungo was ranked as one of the "superior countries" (上国) in terms of importance, and one of the "far countries" (遠国) in terms of distance from the capital.

Ōita District, Ōita
Ōita (大分郡, Ōita-gun) was a district located in Ōita Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the district had an estimated population of 40,723 and density of 99.35 persons per km2. The total area was 409.90 km2.
Court of Common Pleas (Ireland)
The Court of Common Pleas was one of the principal courts of common law in Ireland. It was a mirror image of the equivalent court in England. Common Pleas was one of the four courts of justice which gave the Four Courts in Dublin, which is still in use as a courthouse, its name. Its remit as in England was to hear lawsuits between ordinary citizens.

Robert Torrens (judge)
Robert Torrens (1775 – 1856) was an Irish judge. He enjoyed, on the whole, a high reputation for impartiality and decency. While his critics called him "the notorious hanging  Judge Torrens", the legal profession as a whole praised his legal ability and integrity. Despite increasing complaints about his physical infirmity, he remained on the Bench into extreme old age. Through his daughter Henrietta he was the ancestor of the Barons O'Neill.
Electronic warfare
Electromagnetic warfare or electronic warfare (EW) is warfare involving the use of the electromagnetic spectrum (EM spectrum) or directed energy to control the spectrum, attack an enemy, or impede enemy operations. The purpose of electromagnetic warfare is to deny the opponent the advantage of—and ensure friendly unimpeded access to—the EM spectrum. Electromagnetic warfare can be applied from air, sea, land, or space by crewed and uncrewed systems and can target communication, radar, or other military and civilian assets.

Flare (countermeasure)
A flare or decoy flare is an aerial infrared countermeasure used by an aircraft to counter an infrared homing ("heat-seeking") surface-to-air missile or air-to-air missile. Flares are commonly composed of a pyrotechnic composition based on magnesium or another hot-burning metal, with burning temperature equal to or hotter than engine exhaust. The aim is to make the infrared-guided missile seek out the heat signature from the flare rather than the aircraft's engines.
Campsite
Campsite, campground, and camping pitch are all related terms regarding a place used for camping (an overnight stay in an outdoor area). The usage differs between British English and American English.

In British English, a campsite is an area, usually divided into a number of camping pitches, where people can camp overnight using tents, campervans or caravans. In the US, the expression used is campground and not campsite. In American English, the term campsite generally means an area where an individual, family, group, or military unit can pitch a tent or park a camper; a campground may contain many campsites.

There are two types of campsites (US) or pitches (UK): one, a designated area with various facilities; or two, an impromptu area (as one might decide to stop while backpacking or hiking, or simply adjacent to a road through the wilderness).

Outhouse
An outhouse — known variously across the English-speaking world otherwise as bog, dunny, long-drop, or privy — is a small structure, separate from a house or main building, which covers a toilet. This is typically either a pit latrine or a bucket toilet, but other forms of dry (non-flushing) toilets may be encountered. The term may also be used to denote the toilet itself, not just the structure.

Outhouses were in use in cities of developed countries (e.g. Australia) well into the second half of the twentieth century. They are still common in rural areas and also in cities of developing countries. Outhouses that are covering pit latrines in densely populated areas can cause groundwater pollution.