hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Maywood, New Jersey
Maywood is a borough in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 10,080, an increase of 525 (+5.5%) from the 2010 census count of 9,555, which in turn reflected an increase of 32 (+0.3%) from the 9,523 counted in the 2000 census.

Maywood was incorporated as a borough on June 29, 1894, from portions of Midland Township, based on the results of a referendum held that day. The borough was formed during the "Boroughitis" phenomenon then sweeping through Bergen County, in which 26 boroughs were formed in the county in 1894 alone. The borough's name came from the name of a station established in the area by the New Jersey Midland Railroad.

Twelfth grade
Twelfth grade (also known as grade 12, senior year, standard 12, 12th standard, 12th class, class 12th, or class 12) is the final year of formal or compulsory education in many parts of the world. It is typically the last year of secondary school and K–12 education. Students in twelfth grade are generally 17–18 years old. While some countries have a thirteenth grade, others may not include a 12th grade/year in their educational system.
Abrothrix andina
Abrothrix andina, also known as the Andean Altiplano mouse, Andean Soft-haired Mouse, Andean Grass Mouse or Andean akodont, is a species of rodent in the genus Abrothrix of family Cricetidae. It is found in the Altiplano habitat of the Andes from central Peru through Bolivia, south to Argentina and Chile.

Darwin's leaf-eared mouse
Darwin's leaf-eared mouse  (Phyllotis darwini) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae.

It has terrestrial habits and is endemic to coastal central and northern Chile. It is also found in the Atacama Desert. Members of the species have been found in the Llanos de Challe national park of the Atacama Desert. As a nocturnal rodent, P. darwini utilize the varying degrees of moonlight to determine predation risk and will often alter foraging habits in favor of avoiding predators.
Yarmouth, Nova Scotia
Yarmouth is a port town in southwestern Nova Scotia, Canada at the entrance to the Gulf of Maine—making it a significant coastal town for maritime activity.  Yarmouth is the shire town of Yarmouth County and is the largest population centre in the region.

Nova Scotia Trunk 1
Trunk 1 is part of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia's system of Trunk Highways.

It is located in the western part of the province and connects Bedford with Yarmouth via the Annapolis Valley. It was known for many years as "the Post Road". The route runs parallel to, and in some places has been replaced by, Highway 101.  Trunk 1 often forms the main street in communities that Highway 101 bypasses.

The highway is 323 km (201 mi) in length and hosts the Evangeline Trail scenic travelway for its entire length, as well as the Glooscap Trail scenic travelway for a section between Windsor and Wolfville.

Just east of Windsor, between Garlands Crossing and Currys Corner, Trunk 1 and Trunk 14 are duplexed for about 2 km.
Stochastic gradient descent
Stochastic gradient descent (often abbreviated SGD) is an iterative method for optimizing an objective function with suitable smoothness properties (e.g. differentiable or subdifferentiable). It can be regarded as a stochastic approximation of gradient descent optimization, since it replaces the actual gradient (calculated from the entire data set) by an estimate thereof (calculated from a randomly selected subset of the data). Especially in high-dimensional optimization problems this reduces the very high computational burden, achieving faster iterations in exchange for a lower convergence rate.

The basic idea behind stochastic approximation can be traced back to the Robbins–Monro algorithm of the 1950s. Today, stochastic gradient descent has become an important optimization method in machine learning.

Multilayer perceptron
In deep learning, a multilayer perceptron (MLP) is a kind of modern feedforward neural network consisting of fully connected neurons with nonlinear activation functions, organized in layers, notable for being able to distinguish data that is not linearly separable.

Modern neural networks are trained using backpropagation and are colloquially referred to as "vanilla" networks. MLPs grew out of an effort to improve on single-layer perceptrons, which could only be applied to linearly separable data. A perceptron traditionally used a Heaviside step function as its nonlinear activation function. However, the backpropagation algorithm requires that modern MLPs use continuous activation functions such as sigmoid or ReLU.

Multilayer perceptrons form the basis of deep learning, and are applicable across a vast set of diverse domains.
1928 Summer Olympics
The 1928 Summer Olympics (Dutch: Olympische Zomerspelen 1928), officially the Games of the IX Olympiad (Dutch: Spelen van de IXe Olympiade), was an international multi-sport event that was celebrated from 28 July to 12 August 1928 in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The city of Amsterdam had previously bid for the 1920 and 1924 Olympic Games. Still, it was obliged to give way to war-torn Antwerp in Belgium for the 1920 Games and Pierre de Coubertin's Paris for the 1924 Games.

The only other candidate city for the 1928 Olympics was Los Angeles, which would eventually be selected to host the Olympics four years later. In preparation for the 1932 Summer Olympics, the United States Olympic Committee reviewed the costs and revenue of the 1928 Games. The committee reported a total cost of US$1.183 million with receipts of US$1.165 million, giving a negligible loss of US$18,000, which was a considerable improvement over the 1924 Games.

The United States won the most gold and medals overall.

Athletics at the 1928 Summer Olympics – Women's high jump
The women's high jump event was part of the track and field athletics programme at the 1928 Summer Olympics. It was the first appearance of the event, one of five events that marked the debut of women's Olympic athletics in 1928. The competition was held on Sunday, August 5, 1928. Twenty high jumpers from nine nations competed.
Merrimack River
The Merrimack River (or Merrimac River, an occasional earlier spelling) is a 117-mile-long (188 km) river in the northeastern United States. It rises at the confluence of the Pemigewasset and Winnipesaukee rivers in Franklin, New Hampshire, flows southward into Massachusetts, and then flows northeast until it empties into the Gulf of Maine at Newburyport. From Pawtucket Falls in Lowell, Massachusetts, onward, the Massachusetts–New Hampshire border is roughly calculated as the line three miles north of the river.

The Merrimack is an important regional focus in both New Hampshire and Massachusetts. The central-southern part of New Hampshire and most of northeast Massachusetts is known as the Merrimack Valley.

Several U.S. naval ships have been named USS Merrimack and USS Merrimac in honor of this river. The river is also known for the early American literary classic A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers by Henry David Thoreau.

Londonderry, New Hampshire
Londonderry is a town in western Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. It sits between Manchester and Derry, the largest and fourth-largest communities in the state. The population was 25,826 at the 2020 census. Londonderry is known for its apple orchards and is home to the headquarters of Stonyfield Farm and part of Manchester–Boston Regional Airport.

The more densely settled portion of town, where 11,645 people lived at the 2020 census, is defined as the Londonderry census-designated place (CDP) and roughly occupies the southeastern and southern parts of town, around New Hampshire Route 102.
1974 World Cup (men's golf)
The 1974 World Cup took place 21–24 November at the Lagunita Country Club in Caracas, Venezuela. It was the 22nd World Cup event. The tournament was a 72-hole stroke play team event with 46 teams. Each team consisted of two players from a country. The combined score of each team determined the team results. The South Africa team of  Bobby Cole and Dale Hayes won by five strokes over the Japan team of Isao Aoki and Masashi Ozaki. The individual competition for the International Trophy, was won by Cole, five strokes ahead Ozaki.

1967 World Cup (men's golf)
The 1967 World Cup took place 9–12 November at the Club de Golf Mexico in Mexico City, Mexico. It was the 15th World Cup event, which was named the Canada Cup until 1966 and changed its name to the World Cup in 1967. The tournament was a 72-hole stroke play team event with 40 teams. Each team consisted of two players from a country. The combined score of each team determined the team results. The American team of Jack Nicklaus and Arnold Palmer won by 13 strokes over the New Zealand team of Bob Charles and Walter Godfrey. The individual competition was won by Palmer.
Joe Skeen
Joseph Richard Skeen (June 30, 1927 – December 7, 2003) was an American politician who served as a congressman from southern New Mexico. A conservative Republican, he served for eleven terms in the United States House of Representatives between 1981 and 2003.

Julian Dixon
Julian Carey Dixon (August 8, 1934 – December 8, 2000) was an American Democratic politician from California who was a member of the California State Assembly from 1973 to 1978 and then a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1979 until his death. He chaired the House Ethics Committee from 1985 to 1991. Since his death in 2000, he has been the last Black American man to represent the State of California in Congress.
Argentino de Quilmes
Club Atlético Argentino de Quilmes, simply known as Argentino de Quilmes, is an Argentine football club from Quilmes, Buenos Aires. The team currently plays in Primera B, the third division of the Argentine football league system.

Federación Argentina de Football
The Federación Argentina de Football (FAF) was a dissident football association of Argentina that organised its own championships from 1912 to 1914. The Argentine Football Association did not recognised those championships until both associations were merged in 1914. Currently, all the championships organised by the FAF are considered officials by the AFA.
2023 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships
The 2023 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships  (2023 WJHC) was the 47th edition of the Ice Hockey World Junior Championship, held from 26 December 2022 to 5 January 2023. It was won by Canada, in overtime of the gold-medal game. Czechia won the silver, their first medal since 2005.

2023 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships – Division II
The 2023 World Junior Ice Hockey Championship Division II was a pair of international ice hockey tournaments organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation. It consisted of two tiered groups of six teams each: the fourth-tier Division II A and the fifth-tier Division II B. For each tier's tournament, the first-placed team was promoted to a higher division, while the last-placed team was relegated to a lower division.

To be eligible as a junior player in these tournaments, a player cannot be born earlier than 2003.
Oriel window
An oriel window is a form of bay window which protrudes from the main wall of a building but does not reach to the ground. Supported by corbels, brackets, or similar cantilevers, an oriel window generally projects from an upper floor, but is also sometimes used on the ground floor.

Vault (architecture)
In architecture, a vault (French voûte, from Italian volta) is a self-supporting arched form, usually of stone or brick, serving to cover a space with a ceiling or roof. As in building an arch, a temporary support is needed while rings of voussoirs are constructed and the rings placed in position. Until the topmost voussoir, the keystone, is positioned, the vault is not self-supporting. Where timber is easily obtained, this temporary support is provided by centering consisting of a framed truss with a semicircular or segmental head, which supports the voussoirs until the ring of the whole arch is completed.

The Mycenaeans (ca. 1800–1050 BC) were known for their tholos tombs, also called beehive tombs, which were underground structures with conical vaults. This type of vault is one of the earliest evidences of curved brick architecture without the use of stone arches, and its construction represented an innovative technique for covering circular spaces.
Mayonnaise
Mayonnaise (/ˌmeɪəˈneɪz/), colloquially referred to as "mayo" (/ˈmeɪoʊ/), is a thick, creamy sauce with a rich and tangy taste that is commonly used on sandwiches, hamburgers, bound salads, and French fries. It also forms the base for various other sauces, such as tartar sauce, fry sauce, remoulade, salsa golf, ranch dressing, and rouille.

Mayonnaise is an emulsion of oil, egg yolk, and an acid, either vinegar or lemon juice; there are many variants using additional flavorings. The color varies from near-white to pale yellow, and its texture from a light cream to a thick gel.

Commercial eggless versions are made for those who avoid chicken eggs because of egg allergies, to limit dietary cholesterol, or because they adhere to a vegetarian or vegan diet.

Katsuobushi
Katsuobushi (Japanese: 鰹節) is simmered, smoked  and fermented skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis, sometimes referred to as bonito). It is also known as bonito flakes or broadly as okaka (おかか).

Shaved katsuobushi and dried kelp—kombu—are the main ingredients of dashi, a broth that forms the basis of many soups (such as miso) and sauces (such as soba no tsukejiru) in Japanese cuisine.

Katsuobushi's distinct umami taste comes from its high inosinic acid content. Traditionally made katsuobushi, known as karebushi, is deliberately fermented with Aspergillus glaucus fungus in order to reduce moisture. Katsuobushi has also been shown to impart kokumi (a term translated as "heartiness").
Giorgio de Chirico
Giuseppe Maria Alberto Giorgio de Chirico (/ˈkɪrɪkoʊ/ KIRR-ik-oh; Italian: [ˈdʒordʒo de ˈkiːriko]; 10 July 1888 – 20 November 1978) was an Italian artist and writer born in Greece. In the years before World War I, he founded the scuola metafisica art movement, which profoundly influenced the surrealists. His best-known works often feature Roman arcades, long shadows, mannequins, trains, and illogical perspective. His imagery reflects his affinity for the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer and of Friedrich Nietzsche, and for the mythology of his birthplace.

After 1919, de Chirico became a critic of modern art, studied traditional painting techniques, and later worked in a neoclassical or neo-Baroque style, while frequently revisiting the metaphysical themes of his earlier work. In 2018, it was suggested that de Chirico may have suffered from Alice in Wonderland syndrome.

Arshile Gorky
Arshile Gorky (/ˈɑːrʃiːl ˈɡɔːrki/ AR-sheel GOR-kee; born Vostanik Manoug Adoian, Armenian: Ոստանիկ Մանուկ Ատոյեան; April 15, 1904 – July 21, 1948) was an Armenian-American painter who had a seminal influence on Abstract Expressionism. He spent the last years of his life as a national of the United States. Along with Mark Rothko, Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning, Gorky has been hailed as one of the most powerful American painters of the 20th century. The suffering and loss he experienced in the Armenian genocide had crucial influence on Gorky's development as an artist.
Papua New Guinea women's national rugby league team
The Papua New Guinea women's national rugby league team, also known as the PNG Orchids represents Papua New Guinea in Women's rugby league. They are administered by the Papua New Guinea Rugby Football League.

NRL Women's Premiership
The NRL Women's Premiership (NRLW) also known as the Telstra NRL Women's Premiership due to sponsorship is a rugby league competition in Australasia for female players. The league is run by the National Rugby League (NRL) and is contested by a subset of clubs from that competition. Currently, the league contains clubs from New South Wales, Queensland, the Australian Capital Territory and New Zealand.

The current Premiers are the Brisbane Broncos.
Free agent
In professional sports, a free agent is a player or manager who is eligible to sign with other clubs or franchises; i.e., not under contract to any specific team.  The term is also used in reference to a player who is under a contract at present but who is allowed to solicit offers from other teams. In some circumstances, the free agent's options are limited by the league's rules.

Free agency was severely restricted in many sports leagues; instead, clubs had a reserve clause which allowed them to retain players indefinitely.

2017 NHL expansion draft
The 2017 NHL expansion draft was an expansion draft conducted by the National Hockey League (NHL) on June 18–20, 2017 to fill the roster of the league's expansion team for the 2017–18 season, the Vegas Golden Knights. The team's selections were announced on June 21 during the NHL Awards ceremony at T-Mobile Arena.

After Las Vegas' expansion bid was approved in June 2016, the Golden Knights began formal operations in March 2017. Vegas selected one player from each of the league's 30 franchises, with 19 going on to play for Vegas in their inaugural season. A further three inaugural-season players were acquired in trades relating to the Golden Knights' draft selections. As of the start of the 2025–26 season, four of those 22 players remain with the franchise, with three having continuous tenures.
Rodgers and Hart
Rodgers and Hart were an American songwriting partnership between composer Richard Rodgers (1902–1979) and the lyricist Lorenz Hart (1895–1943). They worked together on 28 stage musicals and more than 500 songs from 1919 until Hart's death in 1943.  Many of their songs are classics of the Great American Songbook.

Higher and Higher (musical)
Higher and Higher is a musical comedy with music by Richard Rodgers, lyrics by Lorenz Hart, and book by Gladys Hurlbut and Joshua Logan and produced by Dwight Deere Wiman. It ran on Broadway for 84 performances in 1940.
Abomination (character)
The Abomination (Emil Blonsky) is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Gil Kane, the character first appeared in Tales to Astonish #90 (April 1967). He is one of the main enemies of the superhero Hulk, and possesses powers similar to the Hulk's after also being exposed to gamma rays.

Debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books, the character has been featured in other Marvel-endorsed products such as arcade and video games, television series, and merchandise such as action figures and trading cards. Tim Roth portrays the character in the live-action Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) films The Incredible Hulk (2008) and Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings (2021), as well as the Disney+ series She-Hulk: Attorney at Law (2022).

S.H.I.E.L.D.
S.H.I.E.L.D. is a fictional espionage, special law enforcement, and counter-terrorism government agency appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, this agency first appeared in Strange Tales #135 (August 1965), and often deals with paranormal activity and superhuman threats to international security.

The acronym originally stood for Supreme Headquarters, International Espionage and Law-Enforcement Division. It was changed in 1991 to Strategic Hazard Intervention Espionage Logistics Directorate. Within media set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, as well as multiple animated and live-action television series, the backronym stands for Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division.

The organization has heavily appeared in media adaptations as well as films and shows that take place in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.
Central nervous system
The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain,  spinal cord and retina. The CNS is so named because the brain integrates the received information and coordinates and influences the activity of all parts of the bodies of bilaterally symmetric and triploblastic animals—that is, all multicellular animals except sponges and diploblasts. It is a structure composed of nervous tissue positioned along the rostral (nose end) to caudal (tail end) axis of the body and may have an enlarged section at the rostral end which is a brain. Only arthropods, cephalopods and vertebrates have a true brain, though precursor structures exist in onychophorans, gastropods and lancelets.

The rest of this article exclusively discusses the vertebrate central nervous system, which is radically distinct from all other animals.

Gastrointestinal physiology
Gastrointestinal physiology is the branch of human physiology that addresses the physical function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The function of the GI tract is to process ingested food by mechanical and chemical means, extract nutrients and excrete waste products. The GI tract is composed of the alimentary canal, that runs from the mouth to the anus, as well as the associated glands, chemicals, hormones, and enzymes that assist in digestion. The major processes that occur in the GI tract are: motility, secretion, regulation, digestion and circulation. The proper function and coordination of these processes are vital for maintaining good health by providing for the effective digestion and uptake of nutrients.
Concurrency (road)
In a road network, a concurrency is an instance of one physical roadway bearing two or more different route numbers. The practice is often economically and practically advantageous when multiple routes must pass between a single mountain crossing or over a bridge, or through a major city, and can be accommodated by a single right-of-way. Each route number is typically posted on highways signs where concurrencies are allowed, while some jurisdictions simplify signage by posting one priority route number on highway signs. In the latter circumstance, other route numbers disappear when the concurrency begins and reappear when it ends. In most cases, each route in a concurrency is recognized by maps and atlases.

Pennsylvania Route 8
Pennsylvania Route 8 (PA 8) is a major 148.6-mile-long (239.1 km) state route in western Pennsylvania. Officially, PA 8 is named the William Flinn Highway.

Its southern terminus is at Interstate 376 (I-376)/U.S. Route 22 (US 22)/US 30 in Pittsburgh. Its northern terminus is US 20 in Erie.
VFA-103
Strike Fighter Squadron 103 (VFA-103), nicknamed the Jolly Rogers, is an aviation unit of the United States Navy established in 1952. VFA-103 flies the  Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and is based at Naval Air Station Oceana, Virginia (US). The squadron's radio callsign is Victory and it is assigned to Carrier Air Wing Seven.

VF-84
Fighter Squadron 84 or VF-84 was an aviation unit of the United States Navy. Originally established on 1 May 1944, it was disestablished on 8 October 1945. It was the first US Navy squadron to be designated as VF-84.
Lester Piggott
Lester Keith Piggott (5 November 1935 – 29 May 2022) was an English professional jockey and horse trainer. With 4,493 career flat racing wins in Britain, including a record nine Epsom Derby victories, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest flat racing jockeys of all time and the originator of a much-imitated style. Popularly called "The Long Fellow", he was known for his competitive personality, restricting his weight and, on occasion, not sparing the whip, such as in the 1972 Derby. Piggott was convicted of tax fraud in 1987 and sentenced to three years in prison, but served just over a year.

Prix Vermeille
The Prix Vermeille is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbred fillies and mares aged three years or older. It is run at Longchamp over a distance of 2,400 metres (about 1½ miles), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September.