hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
First Gladstone ministry
The Conservative government under Benjamin Disraeli had been defeated at the 1868 general election, so in December 1868 the victorious William Ewart Gladstone formed his first government. He introduced reforms in the British Army (including the abolition of the purchase system), the legal system (establishing the Supreme Court of Judicature) and the Civil Service, and disestablished the Church of Ireland. In foreign affairs he pursued a peaceful policy. His ministry was defeated in the 1874 election, whereupon Disraeli formed a ministry and Gladstone retired as Leader of the Liberal Party.

Second Gladstone ministry
After campaigning against the foreign policy of the Beaconsfield ministry, William Ewart Gladstone led the Liberal Party to victory in the 1880 general election. The nominal leader of the Party, Spencer Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington, resigned in Gladstone's favour and Gladstone was appointed Prime Minister of the United Kingdom for a second time by Queen Victoria. He pursued a policy of parliamentary reform, but his government became wildly unpopular after the death of General Gordon in 1885. Gladstone was held responsible, and resigned, leaving the way free for the Conservatives under Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury to form a government.
Papillon (1973 film)
Papillon is a 1973 historical adventure drama prison film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner. The screenplay by Dalton Trumbo and Lorenzo Semple Jr. was based on the 1969 autobiography by the French convict Henri Charrière. The film stars Steve McQueen as Charrière ("Papillon") and Dustin Hoffman as Louis Dega. Because it was filmed at remote locations, the film was quite expensive for the time ($12 million), but it earned more than twice that in its first year of release. The film's title is French for "Butterfly", referring to Charrière's tattoo and nickname.

Islands in the Stream (film)
Islands in the Stream is a 1977 American drama film, an adaptation of Ernest Hemingway's posthumously published 1970 novel of the same name. The film was directed by Franklin J. Schaffner and starred George C. Scott, Hart Bochner, Claire Bloom, Gilbert Roland, and David Hemmings. The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Cinematography, losing to Close Encounters of the Third Kind.
Wynton Marsalis
Wynton Learson Marsalis (born October 18, 1961) is an American trumpeter, composer, and music instructor, who is currently the artistic director of Jazz at Lincoln Center. He has been active in promoting classical and jazz music, often to young audiences. Marsalis has won nine Grammy Awards, and his 1997 oratorio Blood on the Fields was the first jazz composition to win the Pulitzer Prize for Music. Marsalis is the only musician to have won a Grammy Award in both jazz and classical categories in the same year.

Carla Bley
Carla Bley (born Lovella May Borg; May 11, 1936 – October 17, 2023) was an American jazz composer, pianist, organist, and bandleader. An important figure in the free jazz movement of the 1960s, she gained acclaim for her jazz opera Escalator over the Hill (released as a triple LP set), as well as a book of compositions that have been performed by many other artists, including Gary Burton, Jimmy Giuffre, George Russell, Art Farmer, Robert Wyatt, John Scofield, and her ex-husband Paul Bley. She was a pioneer in the development of independent artist-owned record labels, and recorded over two dozen albums between 1966 and 2019.
Rookie
A rookie is a person new to an occupation, profession, or hobby. In sports, a rookie is a professional athlete in their first season (or year).

In contrast with a veteran, who has experience, a rookie is typically considered needing more training and learning, though they may bring a new outside expertise to a job.

Freshman
A freshman, fresher, first year, or colloquially frosh, is a person in the first year at an educational institution, usually a secondary school or at the college and university level, but also in other forms of post-secondary educational institutions.
Glutinous rice
Glutinous rice (Oryza sativa var. glutinosa; also called sticky rice, sweet rice or waxy rice) is a type of rice grown mainly in Southeast Asia and the northeastern regions of South Asia, which has opaque grains and very low amylose content and is especially sticky when cooked. It is widely consumed across Asia.

It is called glutinous (Latin: glūtinōsus) in the sense of being glue-like or sticky, and not in the sense of containing gluten (which, like all rice, it does not). While often called sticky rice, it differs from non-glutinous strains of japonica rice, which also becomes sticky to some degree when cooked. There are numerous cultivars of glutinous rice, which include japonica, indica and tropical japonica strains.

Kue
Kue are bite-sized snacks or desserts originally from what is now Indonesia but have since spread throughout Southeast Asia. Kue is a fairly broad term in Indonesian to describe a wide variety of snacks including cakes, cookies, fritters, pies, scones, and patisserie. Kue are made from a variety of ingredients in various forms; some are steamed, fried or baked. They are popular snacks in Indonesia, which has the largest variety of kue. Because of the countries' historical colonial ties, Koeé (kue) is also popular in the Netherlands.

Indonesian kue demonstrate local native delicacies, Chinese and Indian influences, as well as European cake and pastry influences. For example, wajik, kue bugis, klepon, nagasari, getuk, and lupis are of native origin; while bakpia and kue ku are of Chinese Peranakan origin, kue putu is derived from Indian puttu; on the other hand, lapis legit, kue cubit, kastengel, risoles and pastel are European influenced.
Meissen
Meissen (German: Meißen [ˈmaɪsn̩] ⓘ; Upper Sorbian: Mišno; Latin: Misnia, Misenacode: lat promoted to code: la ) is a town of approximately 30,000 inhabitants, situated about 25 km (16 mi) north‑west of Dresden and 75 km (47 mi) west of Bautzen, on both banks of the River Elbe in the Free State of Saxony, in eastern Germany. Meissen is renowned as the home of Meissen porcelain, the Albrechtsburg castle, the Gothic Meissen Cathedral, and the Meissen Church of Our Lady. The town of Meissen, designated as a Große Kreisstadt, serves as the administrative seat of the Meissen district.

In Germany, the name Meissen is the legally registered trademark of the State Porcelain Manufactory (Staatliche Porzellan-Manufaktur Meissen GmbH), while Meißen refers specifically to the city and municipality.

Nossen
Nossen (German pronunciation: [ˈnɔsn̩] ⓘ; Upper Sorbian: Nosyn, pronounced [ˈnɔsɨn]) is a town in the district of Meissen, in Saxony, Germany. It is located 80 km southeast of Leipzig. The town is dominated by a large Renaissance castle. Nossen is best known for its proximity to a motorway junction where the A14 merges onto the A4.
Amjad Khan (actor)
Amjad Khan (12 November 1940 – 27 July 1992) was a renowned Indian actor and film director. He worked in over 132 films in a career spanning nearly twenty years. He was the son of the actor Jayant. He gained popularity for villainous roles in mostly Hindi films, the most famous among his enacted roles being Gabbar Singh in the 1975 film Sholay and of Dilawar in Muqaddar Ka Sikandar (1978).

Madan Puri
Madan Puri (30 September 1915 – 13 January 1985) was an Indian actor of Hindi and Punjabi films. His brothers were actors Chaman Puri and Amrish Puri. As a character actor mainly in negative roles (villain), he acted in about 430 films in a career spanning above fifty years.
Natsumi Showzuki
Natsumi Tokoda (床田夏美, Tokoda Natsumi) better known by her ring name Natsumi Showzuki (翔月なつみ, Shōtsuki Natsumi), and previously known as Natsumi Sumikawa (澄川菜摘, Sumikawa Natsumi), is a Japanese professional wrestler signed to Dream Star Fighting Marigold, where she is one-third of the current inaugural Marigold 3D trio champions in her first reign.

Sumikawa is also known for her tenure with World Wonder Ring Stardom where she is a former Goddesses of Stardom Champion and Actwres girl'Z where she is a former AWG Single Champion.

Seri Yamaoka
Seri Yamada (山田セリ, Yamada Seri) better known by her ring name Seri Yamaoka (山岡聖怜, Yamaoka Seri) (born November 13, 2006) is a Japanese professional wrestler and former amateur wrestler currently signed to the Japanese promotion Dream Star Fighting Marigold where she is a former Marigold Twin Star Champion alongside Nanae Takahashi.
Academy Award for Best Visual Effects
The Academy Award for Best Visual Effects is presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) for the best achievement in visual effects. It has been handed to four members of the team directly responsible for creating the film's visual effects since 1980.

John Dykstra
John Charles Dykstra, A.S.C. (/ˈdaɪkstrə/; born June 3, 1947) is an American special effects artist, pioneer in the development of the use of computers in filmmaking and recipient of three Academy Awards, among many other awards and prizes. He was one of the original employees of Industrial Light & Magic, the special effects and computer graphics division of Lucasfilm. He is well known as the special effects lead on the original Star Wars, helping bring the original visuals for lightsabers, space battles between X-wings and TIE fighters, and Force powers to the screen. He also led special effects on many other movies, including Batman Forever, Batman & Robin, Caddyshack, Stuart Little, X-Men: First Class, Spider-Man and Spider-Man 2.
Weber County, Utah
Weber County (/ˈwiːbər/ WEE-bər) is a county in the U.S. state of Utah. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 262,223, making it Utah's fourth-most populous county. Its county seat and largest city is Ogden, the home of Weber State University. The county was named after a fur trapper John Weber.

Weber County is part of the Ogden-Clearfield metropolitan area as well as the Salt Lake City metropolitan area.

Utah Territory
The Territory of Utah was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from September 9, 1850, until January 4, 1896, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Utah, the 45th state.  At its creation, the Territory of Utah included all of the present-day State of Utah, most of the current state of Nevada save for a portion of Southern Nevada (including the metro area of the city of Las Vegas), much of modern western Colorado, and the extreme southwest corner of present-day Wyoming.
Habis Abdulla al Saoub
Habis Abdulla al Saoub, a.k.a. Abu Tarek, (November 19, 1965 – October 2003) was a Jordanian national and member of the Portland Seven, and later a member of an al Qaeda cell. In February 2003, he was added to the FBI Seeking Information - War on Terrorism list, wanted in connection with a federal grand jury indictment returned on October 3, 2002, in United States District Court for the District of Oregon at Portland, Oregon, in which he was charged with conspiracy to levy war against the United States, conspiracy to provide material support and resources to al-Qaeda, conspiracy to contribute services to al-Qaeda and the Taliban, and possessing firearms in furtherance of crimes of violence.  The FBI offered a five million dollar reward for his capture.

He was killed by Pakistani forces in October 2003.

Ahmed Bilal
Ahmed Ibrahim Bilal was a member of a terrorist group dubbed the Portland Seven, some members of which attempted to travel to Afghanistan shortly after the September 2001 attack on the World Trade Center (9/11) to aid the Taliban. He was indicted and arrested in Malaysia in October 2002. In 2003, he was sentenced to ten years imprisonment on gun charges and for conspiracy to aid the Taliban in fighting the multinational force in Afghanistan. He was released on June 27, 2011.
Chad Henne
Chad Steven Henne (/ˈhɛni/; born July 2, 1985) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback for 15 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Michigan Wolverines, where he is the all-time leader in passing yards and touchdowns, with 9,715 yards and 87 touchdowns. He was selected by the Miami Dolphins in the second round of the 2008 NFL draft, and started multiple seasons over his NFL career, for both the Dolphins and Jacksonville Jaguars. He also won two Super Bowls with the Kansas City Chiefs, serving as the backup quarterback.

Brian Hartline
Brian Jack Hartline (born November 22, 1986) is an American football coach currently serving as the head coach at the University of South Florida. He previously served as the offensive coordinator and wide receivers coach for Ohio State, his alma mater. He played college football as a wide receiver at Ohio State, and was selected by the Miami Dolphins in the fourth round of the 2009 NFL draft. He was also a member of the Cleveland Browns.
Vojvodina
Vojvodina (Serbian: Војводина, IPA: [vǒjvodina], VOY-və-DEE-nə), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (Serbian: Аутономна Покрајина Војводина, romanized: Autonomna Pokrajina Vojvodina), is an autonomous province in northern Serbia. It encompasses the historical and geographical regions of Bačka, Banat, Syrmia, and northernmost part of Mačva, lying to the north of the national capital Belgrade and the Sava and Danube rivers. Vojvodina has 1.7 million inhabitants, about a quarter of the country's population, and its administrative centre, Novi Sad, is the second largest city in Serbia.

Josif Rajačić
Josif Rajačić (Serbian Cyrillic: Јосиф Рајачић; 20 July 1785 – 1 December 1861), also known as Josif Rajačić-Brinski, was the Serbian Orthodox Archbishop and metropolitan of Sremski Karlovci (1842-1848), and then the Serbian Patriarch of the Patriarchate of Karlovci (1848-1861). He also served as a provisional administrator of Serbian Vojvodina (1848-1849), and was a baron of the Austrian Empire.
Randolph County, Georgia
Randolph County is a county located in the western portion of the U.S. state of Georgia and is considered part of the Black Belt, historically an area of plantations. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,425, roughly one-third of its peak population in 1910, when there were numerous agricultural workers. The county seat is Cuthbert.

Macon County, Georgia
Macon County is a county located in the west central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,082. The county seat is Oglethorpe.

The Macon County Courthouse is located in Oglethorpe.
Paranauchenia
Paranauchenia is an extinct genus of South American litopterns belonging to the family Macraucheniidae. It is known only from fossil finds in Argentina. It possessed three toes and long limbs. The species Paranauchenia denticulata lived in the Miocene epoch in Argentina. Fossils have been found in the Arroyo Chasicó and Ituzaingó Formations of Argentina.

Xotodon
Xotodon is an extinct genus of toxodontid mammal that lived during the Late Miocene (Huayquerian in the SALMA classification) in Argentina, South America. Fossils of Xotodon have been found in the Ituzaingó, Maimará and Chiquimil Formations of Argentina.
No. 112 Squadron RAF
No. 112 Squadron was a squadron of the Royal Air Force. It served in both the First World War and Second World War and was active for three periods during the Cold War. It is nicknamed "The Shark Squadron", an allusion to the fact that it was the first unit from any Allied air force to use the famous "shark mouth" logo on Curtiss P-40s.

No. 80 Squadron RAF
Number 80 Squadron is a squadron of the Royal Air Force. It was reformed on 15 April 2024 at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, after the numberplate was awarded to the British team at the Australia, Canada and United Kingdom Reprogramming Laboratory (ACURL). It was a Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and Royal Air Force (RAF) squadron active from 1917 until 1969. It was operative during both the First and Second World Wars.
Potter County, Texas
Potter County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 118,525. Its county seat is Amarillo. The county was created in 1876 and organized in 1887. It is named for Robert Potter, a politician and signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence and the Texas Secretary of the Navy. Potter County is included in the Amarillo metropolitan area.

Lipscomb County, Texas
Lipscomb County (/ˈlɪpskəm/ LIP-skəm) is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 3,059. Its county seat is Lipscomb. The county was created in 1876 and organized in 1887. It is named for Judge Abner Smith Lipscomb, a secretary of state of the Republic of Texas.
San Diego Comic-Con
San Diego Comic-Con is a comic book convention and multi-genre entertainment event held annually in San Diego, California, United States, at the San Diego Convention Center. Founded in 1970, originally showcasing primarily comic books and science fiction/fantasy media, Comic-Con has grown to include a large range of pop culture and entertainment elements across virtually all genres.

According to Forbes, Comic-Con is the "largest convention of its kind in the world". Since 2010, Comic-Con has filled the San Diego Convention Center to capacity with over 130,000 attendees. Comic-Con is home to the Eisner Awards, which recognizes creative achievement in American comic books, often referred to as the comic industry's equivalent to the Academy Awards.

San Diego Comic Convention, doing business as Comic-Con International, is the corporate name of the public-benefit nonprofit corporation behind Comic-Con.

Trina Robbins
Trina Robbins (née Perlson; August 17, 1938 – April 10, 2024) was an American cartoonist. She was an early participant in the underground comix movement, and one of the first women in the movement. She co-produced the 1970 underground comic It Ain't Me, Babe, which was the first comic book entirely created by women. She co-founded the Wimmen's Comix collective, wrote for Wonder Woman, and produced adaptations of Dope and The Silver Metal Lover. She was inducted into the Will Eisner Hall of Fame in 2013 and received Eisner Awards in 2017 and 2021.

As a scholar and historian, Robbins researched the history of women in cartooning. She wrote several nonfiction books including Women and the Comics (1985), A Century of Women Cartoonists (1993), The Great Women Superheroes (1996), From Girls to Grrrlz (1999), Pretty in Ink (2013), and Flapper Queens: Women Cartoonists of the Jazz Age (2020). She co-founded the organization Friends of Lulu in 1993.
LCD television
A liquid-crystal-display television (LCD TV) is a television set that uses a liquid-crystal display to produce images. It is by far the most widely produced and sold type of television display. LCD TVs are thin and light, but have some disadvantages compared to other display types, such as high power consumption, poorer contrast ratio, and inferior color gamut.

LCD TVs rose in popularity in the early years of the 21st century, and exceeded sales of cathode-ray-tube televisions worldwide from late 2007 on. Sales of CRT TVs dropped rapidly after that, as did sales of competing technologies such as plasma display panels and rear-projection television.

High-definition television
High-definition television (HDTV) describes a television or video system which provides a substantially higher image resolution than the previous generation of technologies. The term has been used since at least 1933; in more recent times, it refers to the generation following standard-definition television (SDTV). It is the standard video format used in most broadcasts: terrestrial broadcast television, cable television, and satellite television.
Bobby Hamilton Jr.
Charles Robert Hamilton Jr. (born January 8, 1978) is an American former professional stock car racing driver. He formerly competed in the NASCAR Nextel Cup Series, Nationwide Series, and Camping World Truck Series.

Hermie Sadler
Herman Marion Sadler III (born April 24, 1969) is an American professional stock car racing driver and broadcaster, businessman and politician.

He competed in NASCAR as a driver from 1992 to 2019. In the late 2000s and the 2010s, he scaled back his driving and worked for Speed/Fox as a broadcaster, including as a reporter on NASCAR RaceDay and as a pit reporter on their Truck Series broadcasts.

After leaving NASCAR altogether after 2019, he ran for political office as a Republican in his home state of Virginia for the newly redrawn 17th district in the State Senate in the 2023 election. He lost the Republican primary election on June 20 to Emily Brewer, a member of the Virginia House of Delegates.

He is the brother of Elliott Sadler, who is also a former NASCAR driver.
Pierce Egan
Pierce Egan (1772–1849) was a British journalist, sportswriter, and writer on popular culture.  His popular book Life in London, published in 1821, was adapted into the stage play Tom and Jerry, or Life in London later that year, which became the first play to have a continuous run of 100 performances in London while at the Adelphi Theatre in the West End.

Coining the term "the Sweet Science" as an epithet for prizefighting — which he dubbed "the Sweet Science of Bruising" as a description of England’s bare-knuckle fight scene, the first volume of his prizefighting articles, Boxiana; or Sketches of Ancient and Modern Pugilism, was published in 1813.

George Cruikshank
George Cruikshank or Cruickshank (/ˈkrʊkʃæŋk/ KRUUK-shank; 27 September 1792 – 1 February 1878) was a British caricaturist and book illustrator, praised as the "modern Hogarth" during his life. His book illustrations for his friend Charles Dickens, and many other authors, reached an international audience.
No. 8 Squadron RAF
Number 8 Squadron (sometimes written as No. VIII Squadron) is a squadron of the Royal Air Force. It is based at RAF Lossiemouth, Scotland and is expected to take delivery of the Boeing E-7 Wedgetail AEW1 during 2025/26. The Wedgetail is the replacement for the Boeing E-3D Sentry which the squadron operated from until 1991 to 2021.

No. 11 Squadron RAF
No. 11 or XI Squadron (sometimes featuring an 'F' to represent its historic fighter role (No. 11(F) or XI(F) Squadron)), is "the world's oldest, dedicated fighter unit" and continues the traditions established by the similarly numbered Royal Flying Corps squadron, established in 1915. The squadron was reactivated in 2006 to operate the Typhoon F2.
HMS Exeter (D89)
HMS Exeter was a Type 42 destroyer, the fifth ship of the Royal Navy to be named Exeter, after the city of Exeter in Devon. The vessel fought in the Falklands War and the first Gulf War; she was scrapped in 2011.

HMS Southampton (D90)
HMS Southampton was a batch two Type 42 destroyer of the Royal Navy. She was named after the city of Southampton, England, and built by Vosper Thornycroft, in Southampton. She was the sixth Royal Navy ship to bear the name.
FC Metalurh Donetsk
Football Club Metalurh Donetsk (Ukrainian: Футбо́льний клуб «Металу́рг» Доне́цьк, pronounced [metɐˈlurɦ doˈnɛtsʲk]) was a Ukrainian professional football club based in Donetsk that went bankrupt in July 2015.

FC Olimpik Donetsk
FC Olimpik Donetsk (Ukrainian: «Олімпік» Донецьк [oˈl⁽ʲ⁾impiɡ doˈnɛtsʲk]) is a Ukrainian inactive football team based in Donetsk, Ukraine. The club currently doesn't play in any Ukrainian competition due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Since its promotion to Ukrainian Premier League in 2014, it played its games in Kyiv due to the war in Donbas. During the 2016–17 Ukrainian Premier League, there were attempts to move the club either to Sumy or Cherkasy, which were never realized.

On 21 June 2023 the 31st PFL Conference excluded several clubs that did not compete in the 2022–23 season and did not renew their membership.