hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Off-Broadway
An off-Broadway theatre is any professional theatre venue in New York City with a seating capacity between 100 and 499, inclusive. These theatres are smaller than Broadway theatres, but larger than off-off-Broadway theatres, which seat fewer than 100.

An "off-Broadway production" is a production of a play, musical, or revue that appears in such a venue and adheres to related trade union and other contracts. Some shows that premiere off-Broadway are subsequently produced on Broadway.

Lloyd Richards
Lloyd George Richards  (June 29, 1919 – June 29, 2006) was a Canadian-American theatre director, and actor. While head of the National Playwrights Conference, he helped cultivate many of the most famous theater writers of the 20th century. He was also the dean of the Yale School of Drama from 1979 to 1991 (later Professor Emeritus), and was the first Black director on Broadway.

Among Richards' accomplishments are his staging the original production of Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun, debuting on Broadway to standing ovations, and in 1984 he introduced August Wilson to Broadway in Ma Rainey's Black Bottom.
Field of fractions
In abstract algebra, the field of fractions of an integral domain is the smallest field in which it can be embedded. The construction of the field of fractions is modeled on the relationship between the integral domain of integers and the field of rational numbers. Intuitively, it consists of ratios between integral domain elements.

The field of fractions of an integral domain  is sometimes denoted by  or , and the construction is sometimes also called the fraction field, field of quotients, or quotient field of .  All four are in common usage, but are not to be confused with the quotient of a ring by an ideal, which is a quite different concept. For a commutative ring that is not an integral domain, the analogous construction is called the localization or ring of quotients.

Residue field
In mathematics, the residue field is a basic construction in commutative algebra. If  is a commutative ring and  is a maximal ideal, then the residue field is the quotient ring , which is a field. Frequently,  is a local ring and  is then its unique maximal ideal.

In abstract algebra, the splitting field of a polynomial is constructed using residue fields. Residue fields also applied in algebraic geometry, where to every point  of a scheme  one associates its residue field .  One can say a little loosely that the residue field of a point of an abstract algebraic variety is the natural domain for the coordinates of the point.
Maputo Province
Maputo [mɐˈputu] is a province of Mozambique; the province excludes the city of Maputo (which comprises a separate province). The province has an area of 22,693 km2 (8,762 sq mi) and a population of 1,968,906 (2017 census). Its capital is the city of Matola.

Maputo Bay
Maputo Bay (Portuguese: Baía de Maputo), formerly also known as Delagoa Bay from Baía da Lagoa in Portuguese, is an inlet of the Indian Ocean on the coast of Mozambique, between 25° 40' and 26° 20' S, with a length from north to south of over 90 km long and 32 km wide.
CD Cobeña
Club Deportivo Cobeña was a Spanish football team based in Cobeña, a small suburb of Madrid.

Founded in 1998, it last played in Segunda División B - Group 1 in 2006–07, holding home matches at Municipal La Dehesa (The meadow) municipal stadium, with a 2,000 seat capacity.

Tercera División
Tercera División (English: Third Division) was the fourth tier of the Spanish football league system. Until 1977, it was the third tier of the Spanish football league system. Founded in 1929, it was below the Primera División (also known as La Liga), the Segunda División, and  the semi-professional Segunda División B.

For the 2021–22 season, Tercera División was replaced by Tercera División RFEF, which became the fifth tier due to the creation of a new, semi-professional third division by the Spanish federation (RFEF) called the Primera División RFEF.
Shahidullah Kaiser
Shahidullah Kaiser (16 February 1927 – disappeared 14 December 1971) was a Bangladeshi novelist and writer. He was awarded Bangla Academy Literary Award in 1969, Ekushey Padak in 1983, and the Independence Day Award in 1998.

Martyred Intellectuals Day
Martyred Intellectuals Day (Bengali: শহীদ বুদ্ধিজীবী দিবস, romanized: Śôhīd Buddhijībī Dibôs) is observed on 14 December in Bangladesh to commemorate the large number of Bangladeshi intellectuals killed by Al-Badr, the collaborators of Pakistani forces  during the Bangladesh Liberation War, particularly on 25 March and 14 December 1971. The killings were undertaken with the goal of annihilating the intellectual class of what was then East Pakistan. On 16 December, Bangladesh became independent through the surrender of Pakistani forces.
Khwarazm
42°18′N 59°9′E﻿ / ﻿42.300°N 59.150°E﻿ / 42.300; 59.150

Khwarazm or Chorasmia is a large oasis region on the Amu Darya river delta in western Central Asia, bordered on the north by the (former) Aral Sea, on the east by the Kyzylkum Desert, on the south by the Karakum Desert, and on the west by the Ustyurt Plateau. It was the center of the Iranian Khwarezmian civilization until the 9th century, when Turkic tribes moved into and ruled the lands. A series of kingdoms such as the Afrighid dynasty and the Anushtegin dynasty, whose capitals were (among others) Kath, Gurganj (now Konye-Urgench) and—from the 16th century on—Khiva. Today Khwarazm belongs partly to Uzbekistan and partly to Turkmenistan.

Tabaristan
Tabaristan or Tabarestan (Persian: طبرستان, romanized: Ṭabarestān; Mazanderani: تبرستون, romanized: Tabarestun; from Middle Persian: , Tapur(i)stān) was a mountainous region located on the Caspian coast of northern Iran. It corresponded to the present-day province of Mazandaran, which became the predominant name of the area from the 11th century onwards.
2020 Tajikistan Higher League
The 2020 Ligai Olii Tojikiston (Tajik: 2020 Лигаи Олии Тоҷикистон, Russian: 2020 Высшая Лига Таджикистана), or 2020 Tajikistan Higher League is the 29th season of Ligai Olii Tojikiston, Tajikistan's top division of association football. The season began on 5 April 2020.

2022 Tajikistan Higher League
The 2022 Ligai Olii Tojikiston (Tajik: 2022 Лигаи Олии Тоҷикистон, Russian: 2022 Высшая Лига Таджикистана), or 2022 Tajikistan Higher League was the 31st season of the Tajikistan Higher League, Tajikistan's top division of association football.
Chemical industry
The chemical industry comprises the companies and other organizations that develop and produce industrial, specialty and other chemicals. Central to the modern world economy, the chemical industry converts raw materials (oil, natural gas, air, water, metals, and minerals) into commodity chemicals for industrial and consumer products. It includes industries for petrochemicals such as polymers for plastics and synthetic fibers; inorganic chemicals such as acids and alkalis; agricultural chemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides; and other categories such as industrial gases, speciality chemicals and pharmaceuticals.

Various professionals are involved in the chemical industry including chemical engineers, chemists and lab technicians.

Laboratory
A laboratory (UK: /ləˈbɒrətəri/; US: /ˈlæbrətɔːri/; colloquially lab) is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed. Laboratories are found in a variety of settings such as schools, universities, privately owned research institutions, corporate research and testing facilities, government regulatory and forensic investigation centers,  physicians' offices, clinics, hospitals, regional and national referral centers, and even occasionally personal residences.
Sofia Raffaeli
Sofia Raffaeli (born 19 January 2004) is an Italian individual rhythmic gymnast. She is the 2024 Olympic bronze medalist, the 2022 World all-around, hoop, ball, ribbon and team champion, the 2023 World all-around, hoop and ball silver medalist, the 2025 World all-around bronze medalist and a two-time (2023, 2024) European silver all-around medalist. She is the first Italian individual rhythmic gymnast to win a gold medal at the World Championships, European Championships and World Games, and she has won seven all-around gold medals in the FIG World Cup circuit. She is the first Italian individual rhythmic gymnast to win a medal at the Olympic Games.

At the national level, she is a four-time (2022–2025) Italian National all-around champion, the 2021 Italian National all-around silver medalist, and the 2020 Italian National all-around bronze medalist. As of 2025, she is the most decorated individual rhythmic gymnast from the Italian Gymnastics Federation.

2021 Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championships
The 2021 Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championships were held from 27 to 31 October 2021 in Kitakyushu, Japan.

Dina Averina broke the record for the most medals won at the Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championships with 22 total medals and also became the first gymnast to win four World all-around titles. Alina Harnasko won the gold medal in the ribbon, becoming the first non-Russian individual World Champion since 2013 and the first Belarusian individual World Champion since 1996. The Russian group won their fifth consecutive World all-around title.
Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway
The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (reporting mark ATSF), often referred to as the Santa Fe or AT&SF, was one of the largest Class 1 railroads in the United States between 1859 and 1996.

The Santa Fe was a pioneer in intermodal freight transport; at various times, it operated an airline, the short-lived Santa Fe Skyway, and the Santa Fe Railroad tugboats. Its bus line extended passenger transportation to areas not accessible by rail, and ferryboats on the San Francisco Bay allowed travelers to complete their westward journeys to the Pacific Ocean. The AT&SF was the subject of a popular song, Harry Warren and Johnny Mercer's "On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe", written for the film The Harvey Girls (1946).

The railroad officially ceased independent operations on December 31, 1996, when it merged with the Burlington Northern Railroad to form the Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway.

Newton station (Kansas)
Newton station is a train station in Newton, Kansas, United States, located at the southeast corner of Main and 5th streets, and currently served by Amtrak's Southwest Chief train.  It is the nearest station to Wichita (the largest city in Kansas).

The current station building was constructed from 1929 to 1930 in a Tudor Revival, modeled after William Shakespeare's house in Stratford-on-Avon, then opened in 1930 to provide passenger service for the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (now BNSF Railway).  It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

In 2021, Amtrak proposed to extend the Heartland Flyer from Oklahoma City through Wichita to connect with the Southwest Chief in Newton.  In November 2023, KDOT said the service would start in 2029, but could begin sooner were the project to be fast tracked.
Heart (radio network)
Heart is a network of thirteen independent adult contemporary radio stations in the United Kingdom, broadcasting a mix of local and networked programming, although only the stations in Scotland and Wales still have their own shows. Ten of the stations are owned and operated by Global, while the other three are owned and operated under separate franchise agreements. The national version of the network is widely available on Global Player, Freeview, Sky, Freesat, Virgin Media and Digital One DAB.

According to RAJAR as of Q4 2025, the entire Heart network has been named "UK biggest radio brand," receiving 12.71 million weekly listeners, beating edgily behind their rival station BBC Radio 2 (with 12.7 million). Heart Breakfast, hosted by Jamie Theakston and Amanda Holden, has 4.1 million listeners, on par with BBC Radio 1 morning show, hosted by Greg James.

Orion Media
Orion Media was a UK commercial radio group, founded in 2009 after a management buy-in, with backing from Lloyds Development Capital. It was created from the enforced sale of several radio stations in the English Midlands previously owned by Global Radio.

In May 2016, the company was sold to Bauer Media Group.
Criminal Minds
Criminal Minds is an American police procedural crime drama television series created by Jeff Davis that premiered on CBS on September 22, 2005. It follows a group of criminal profilers who work for the FBI as members of its Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU).

Criminal Minds became a ratings success for CBS, consistently ranking among the network’s most-watched programs and winning the People’s Choice Award for Best TV Crime Drama in 2017. Its success has spawned a media franchise, with several spinoffs, a South Korean adaptation, and a video game.

Criminal Minds originally culminated after its fifteenth season on February 19, 2020; however, it was revived and re-titled Criminal Minds: Evolution for its sixteenth season, which premiered on Paramount+ in November 2022. In March 2025, Criminal Minds was renewed for a nineteenth season.

The Event
The Event (stylized as THE EVƎNT) is an American television series containing elements of science fiction, action/adventure and political allegory. It was created by Nick Wauters and aired on NBC from September 20, 2010, to May 23, 2011. The plot centers on a group of extraterrestrials, some of whom have been detained by the United States government for sixty-six years since their ship crashed in Alaska, while others have secretly assimilated among the general populace. The series was picked up for a full first season of 22 episodes on October 18, 2010. On May 13, 2011, NBC canceled the series after one season.
Architect
An architect is a person who plans, designs, and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that have human occupancy or use as their principal purpose. Etymologically, the term architect derives from the Latin architectus, which derives from the Greek (arkhi-, chief + tekton, builder), i.e., chief builder.

The professional requirements for architects vary from location to location. An architect's decisions affect public safety, and thus the architect must undergo specialised training consisting of advanced education and a practicum (or internship) for practical experience to earn a license to practice architecture. Practical, technical, and academic requirements for becoming an architect vary by jurisdiction though the formal study of architecture in academic institutions has played a pivotal role in the development of the profession.

Chicago school (architecture)
The Chicago School refers to two architectural styles derived from the architecture of Chicago. In the history of architecture, the first Chicago School was a school of architects active in Chicago in the late 19th, and at the turn of the 20th century. They were among the first to promote the new technologies of steel-frame construction in commercial buildings, and developed a spatial esthetic which co-evolved with, and then came to influence, parallel developments in European Modernism. Much of its early work is also known as Commercial Style.

A "Second Chicago School" with a modernist esthetic emerged in the 1940s through 1970s, which pioneered new building technologies and structural systems, such as the tube-frame structure.
Trader Joe's
Trader Joe's Company is an American grocery store chain headquartered in Monrovia, California, with 631 locations across the United States as of January 15, 2026.

The first Trader Joe's store was opened in 1967 by founder Joe Coulombe in Pasadena, California. Theo Albrecht, the co-founder of Aldi, bought the chain in 1979. Today, its ownership is structured so Aldi Nord is a sister company, with both directly belonging to three foundations (Markus-Stiftung, Jacobus-Stiftung and Lukas-Stiftung) of the Albrecht family. The company has offices in Monrovia and Boston, Massachusetts.

Sprouts Farmers Market
Sprouts Farmers Market, Inc., is a supermarket chain headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona, offering natural and organic foods, including fresh produce, bulk foods, packaged groceries, meat, poultry, seafood, deli, baked goods, dairy products, and frozen foods. They also sell vitamins and supplements, natural body care, and household items. Sprouts employs 35,000 workers and operates more than 400 stores in 24 states.
Morganatic marriage
Morganatic marriage, sometimes called a left-handed marriage, is a marriage between people of unequal social rank, which in the context of royalty or other inherited title prevents the principal's position or privileges being passed to the spouse or to any children born of the marriage. The concept is most prevalent in German-speaking territories and countries most influenced by the customs of the German-speaking realms.

Generally, this is a marriage between a man of high birth (such as from a reigning, deposed or mediatised dynasty) and a woman of lesser status (such as a daughter of a low-ranked noble family or a commoner). Usually, neither the bride nor any children of the marriage has a claim on the husband's succession rights, titles, precedence, or entailed property. The children are considered legitimate for all other purposes and the prohibition against bigamy applies. In some countries, a woman could also marry a man of lower rank morganatically.

Prince Albert of Prussia (1809–1872)
Prince Frederick Henry Albert of Prussia (German: Friedrich Heinrich Albrecht; 4 October 1809 – 14 October 1872) was the fifth son and youngest child of King Frederick William III of Prussia and Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. His parents had fled to East Prussia after the occupation of Berlin by Napoleon, and Albert was born in Königsberg. Two of Albert's elder brothers were Frederick William IV, King of Prussia from 1840 till 1861, and William I, King of Prussia from 1861 to 1888 and German Emperor from 1871 until 1888.
Torah scroll
A Torah scroll (Hebrew: סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה, romanized: Sefer Torah, lit. 'Book of Torah'; pl. סִפְרֵי תוֹרָה, Sifrei Torah) is a handwritten copy of the Torah, meaning the five books of Moses (the first books of the Hebrew Bible). The Torah scroll is mainly used in the ritual of Torah reading during Jewish prayers. At other times, it is stored in the holiest spot within a synagogue, the Torah ark, which is usually an ornate curtained-off cabinet or section of the synagogue built along the wall that most closely faces Jerusalem, the direction Jews face when praying.

The text of the Torah is also commonly printed and bound in book form for non-ritual functions, called a Chumash (plural Chumashim; "five-part", for the five books of Moses), and is often accompanied by commentaries or translations.

Nun (letter)
Nun is the fourteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician nūn 𐤍, Hebrew nūn נ‎, Aramaic nūn 𐡍‎, Syriac nūn ܢ, and Arabic nūn ن‎ (in abjadi order). Its numerical value is 50. It is the third letter in Thaana (ނ), pronounced as "noonu". In all languages, it represents the alveolar nasal /n/. It is related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪌‎‎, South Arabian 𐩬, and Ge'ez ነ.

The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek nu (Ν), Etruscan , Latin N, and Cyrillic Н.
Homogeneous catalysis
In chemistry, homogeneous catalysis is catalysis where the catalyst is in same phase as reactants, principally by a soluble catalyst in a solution. In contrast, heterogeneous catalysis describes processes where the catalysts and substrate are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas, respectively. The term is used almost exclusively to describe solutions and implies catalysis by organometallic compounds. Homogeneous catalysis is an established technology that continues to evolve. An illustrative major application is the production of acetic acid. Enzymes are examples of homogeneous catalysts.

Vaska's complex
Vaska's complex is the trivial name for the chemical compound trans-carbonylchlorobis(triphenylphosphine)iridium(I), which has the formula IrCl(CO)[P(C6H5)3]2. This square planar diamagnetic organometallic complex consists of a central iridium atom bound to two mutually trans triphenylphosphine ligands, carbon monoxide and  a chloride ion. The complex was first reported by J. W. DiLuzio and Lauri Vaska in 1961.
Vaska's complex can undergo oxidative addition and is notable for its ability to bind to O2 reversibly. It is a bright yellow crystalline solid.
UAAP Season 62
UAAP Season 62 is the 1999–2000 athletic year of the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP) which was hosted by the University of the Philippines. The season opened on July 10, 1999, at the PhilSports Arena.

UAAP Season 61
UAAP Season 61 is the 1998–99 season of the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP) which was hosted by the University of the East. The season opened on 11 July 1998, thirty days after the nation's 100th anniversary of declaration of independence from Spain and eleven days after the installation of Joseph Ejercito Estrada as the nation's 13th president.
SPAL
Ars et Labor Ferrara, formerly known as SPAL (Italian pronunciation: [spal]), is a professional football club based in Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. During the 2024–25 season the team played in Serie C, the third tier of the Italian football league system.

Founded in 1907, since 1928 they have played their home matches at Stadio Paolo Mazza, named after Paolo Mazza (chairman of the club between  1946 and 1977).

In total, SPAL have participated in 24 top-tier, 28 second-tier, 43 third-tier, 7 fourth-tier and 1 fifth-tier league seasons. The club's best finish was when they came fifth in the 1959–60 Serie A; they also reached the 1961–62 Coppa Italia final.

The club was chaired by the American lawyer and businessman Joe Tacopina and the manager was Francesco Baldini until the 2025 liquidation, after which the team's legacy is carried on by Ars et Labor Ferrara.

2019–20 Serie A
The 2019–20 Serie A (known as the Serie A TIM for sponsorship reasons) was the 118th season of top-tier Italian football, the 88th in a round-robin tournament, and the 10th since its organization under an own league committee, the Lega Serie A. Juventus, the eight-time defending champions, secured their ninth consecutive Serie A title with a 2–1 victory over Sampdoria on 16 Jun 2020.

The season was originally scheduled to run from 24 August 2019 to 24 May 2020. On 9 March 2020, the government suspended all sports in the country until 3 April 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. The Serie A did not resume on this date however, as the league continued to monitor health conditions. On 18 May, the Italian Football Federation announced that the suspension would continue until 14 June. Ten days later, on 28 May, Italy's sports minister said Serie A would restart on 20 June 2020.
Haplogroup J-M172
In human genetics, Haplogroup J-M172 or J2 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup which is a subclade (branch) of haplogroup J-M304. Haplogroup J-M172 is common in modern populations in Western Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, Southern Europe, Northwestern Iran and North Africa. It is thought that J-M172 may have originated in the Caucasus, Anatolia, Mesopotamia and/or present-day Western Iran.

It is further divided into two complementary clades, J-M410 and J-M12 (M12, M102, M221, M314).

Haplogroup E-M35
E-M35, also known as E1b1b1-M35, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. E-M35 has two basal branches, E-V68 and E-Z827. E-V68 and E-Z827 are primarily distributed in North Africa and the Horn of Africa, and occur at lower frequencies in the Middle East, Europe, and Southern Africa.