hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Endoderm
Endoderm is the innermost of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo. The other two layers are the ectoderm (outside layer) and mesoderm (middle layer). Cells migrating inward along the archenteron form the inner layer of the gastrula, which develops into the endoderm.

The endoderm consists at first of flattened cells, which subsequently become columnar. It forms the epithelial lining of multiple systems.

In plant biology, endoderm corresponds to the innermost part of the cortex (bark) in young shoots and young roots often consisting of a single cell layer. As the plant becomes older, more endoderm will lignify.

Progenitor cell
A progenitor cell is a biological cell that can differentiate into a specific cell type. Stem cells and progenitor cells have this ability in common. However, stem cells are less specified than progenitor cells. Progenitor cells can only differentiate into their "target" cell type. The most important difference between stem cells and progenitor cells is that stem cells can replicate indefinitely, whereas progenitor cells can divide only a limited number of times.  Controversy about the exact definition remains and the concept is still evolving.

The terms "progenitor cell" and "stem cell" are sometimes equated.
Bursera simaruba
Bursera simaruba, commonly known as gumbo-limbo, the tourist tree, copperwood, almácigo, chaca, West Indian birch, naked Indian, and turpentine tree, is a tree species in the family Burseraceae, native to the Neotropics, from South Florida to Mexico and the Caribbean to Brazil, Nicaragua, and Venezuela. Bursera simaruba is prevalent in the Petenes mangroves ecoregion of the Yucatán, where it is a subdominant plant species to the mangroves. In the United States, specimens may be found in the Gulf of Mexico along the western coast of Florida.

Lysiloma latisiliquum
Lysiloma latisiliquum, commonly known as false tamarind or wild tamarind, is a species of tree in the family Fabaceae, that is native to southern Florida in the United States, the Bahamas, Cuba, southern Mexico, and Belize. Its wood is sometimes traded as sabicu wood. The tannin-rich leaves have anti-parasitic properties, and are eaten by sheep as an adaptation to alleviate nematode infections.
Mawlamyine
Mawlamyine (also spelled Mawlamyaing; Burmese: မော်လမြိုင်မြို့, MLCTS: mau la. mruing mrui., Burmese pronunciation: [mɔ̀ləmjàɪ̯ɰ̃ mjo̰]; Thai: เมาะลำเลิง; Mon: မတ်မလီု, Mon pronunciation: [mo̤t məlɜ̤m]), formerly Moulmein, is the fourth-largest city in Myanmar (Burma), 300 kilometres (190 mi) southeast of Yangon and 70 kilometres (43 mi) south of Thaton, at the mouth of Thanlwin (Salween) River. Mawlamyine was an ancient city and the first capital of British Burma. It also serves as the capital of Mon State.

Taunggyi
Taunggyi (Burmese: တောင်ကြီးမြို့, MLCTS: taung kri: mrui. [tàʊɰ̃dʑí mjo̰]) is the capital and largest city of Shan State, Myanmar (Burma); and lies on the Thazi-Kyaingtong road at an elevation of 4,712 feet (1,436 m), just north of Shwenyaung and Inle Lake within the Myelat region. Taunggyi is the fifth largest city of Myanmar. Even though Taunggyi city is the capital of Shan State, 45% of population are Pa'O People, 35% are Bamar People and 6% of population are Shan aka Tai People. The city is famous for its hot air balloon festival held annually on the full-moon day of Tazaungmon, the eighth month of the traditional Burmese calendar. Taunggyi is colloquially regarded as Myanmar's City of Music, famous for its culture of live music and numerous festivals.
Procyonidae
Procyonidae (/ˌproʊsiːˈɒnɪdiː/ PROH-see-ON-i-dee) is a New World family of the order Carnivora. It includes the raccoons, ringtails, cacomistles, coatis, kinkajous, olingos, and olinguitos. Procyonids inhabit a wide range of environments and are generally omnivorous.

South American gray fox
The South American gray fox (Lycalopex griseus), also known as the Patagonian fox, the chilla or zorro gris (gray fox or gray zorro), is a South American species of Lycalopex (the "false" or lesser foxes) in the Canidae family, which includes dogs, wolves, jackals, coyotes and foxes, among other canids. It is endemic to the southern parts of Argentina and Chile, primarily Patagonia.
Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania
Susquehanna County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 38,434 Its county seat is Montrose. The county was created on February 21, 1810, from part of Luzerne County and later organized in 1812. It is named for the Susquehanna River. The county is part of the Northeast Pennsylvania region of the state.

Columbia County, Pennsylvania
Columbia County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 64,727. Its county seat is Bloomsburg. The county was created on March 22, 1813, from part of Northumberland County. It was named Columbia, alluding to the United States and Christopher Columbus. The county is part of the Central region of the commonwealth.

Columbia County is part of the Bloomsburg–Berwick metropolitan area.
Bavarian People's Party
The Bavarian People's Party (German: Bayerische Volkspartei; BVP) was a principally Catholic Christian democratic political party in Bavaria during the Weimar Republic. After the collapse of the German Empire in 1918, it split away from the federal Centre Party and formed the BVP in order to pursue a conservative and regionalist stance. It dominated in state politics; all Ministers-President from 1920 onwards were from the BVP. In the national Reichstag it remained a minor player with only about three percent of total votes in all elections. The BVP disbanded shortly after the Nazi seizure of power in early 1933. It was not reformed after the war; much of its electorate was absorbed by the new centre-right regionalist Christian Social Union in Bavaria.

Catholic Church and politics
The Catholic Church and politics concerns the interplay of Catholicism with religious, and later secular, politics.

The Catholic Church's views and teachings have evolved over its history and have at times been significant political influences within nations.
I Corps (United Kingdom)
I Corps ("First Corps") was an army corps in existence as an active formation in the British Army for most of the 80 years from its creation in the First World War until the end of the Cold War, longer than any other corps. It had a short-lived precursor during the Waterloo Campaign. It served as the operational component of the British Army of the Rhine (part of NATO's Northern Army Group (NORTHAG)) during the Cold War, and was tasked with defending West Germany.

Battle of Le Cateau
The Battle of Le Cateau was fought on the Western Front during the First World War on 26 August 1914. The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) and the French Fifth Army had retreated after their defeats at the Battle of Charleroi (21–23 August) and the Battle of Mons (23 August). The British II Corps fought a delaying action at Le Cateau to slow the German pursuit. Most of the BEF was able to continue its retreat to Saint-Quentin.
Hite, Utah
Historic Hite is a flooded ghost town at the north end of Lake Powell along the Colorado River in western San Juan County, Utah, United States. Lake Powell, and all of its points of interest, are in the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, managed by the National Park Service and available to the public for recreation. The town existed on land that Lake Powell now covers. Hite was named for Cass Hite, an early settler. The name was transferred to a National Park Recreation Area at the north end of Lake Powell. The Hite Crossing Bridge, near the marina, carries Utah State Route 95 over the Colorado River and connects the area to the north of the lake.

Cataract Canyon
Cataract Canyon is a 46-mile-long (74 km) canyon of the Colorado River located within Canyonlands National Park and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area in southern Utah. It begins at Colorado's confluence with the Green River, and its downstream terminus is the confluence with the Dirty Devil River. The lower half of the canyon is submerged beneath Lake Powell when the lake is at its normal high water elevation of 3,700 feet (1,100 m).
S-300 missile system
The S-300 (NATO reporting name SA-10 Grumble) is a series of long-range surface-to-air missile systems developed by the former Soviet Union. It was produced by NPO Almaz for the Soviet Air Defence Forces to defend against air raids and cruise missiles.

It is used by Russia, Ukraine, and other former Eastern Bloc countries, along with Bulgaria and Greece. It is also used by China, Iran, and other countries in Asia.

The system is fully automated, though manual observation and operation are also possible. Each targeting radar provides target designation for the central command post. The command post compares the data received from the targeting radars and filters out false targets. The central command post has both active and passive target detection modes. Missiles have a maximum range of 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the command post.

The successor to the S-300 is the S-400 (NATO reporting name SA-21 Growler), which entered service on 28 April 2007.

6th Guards Air and Air Defence Forces Army
The 6th Guards Leningrad Red Banner, Order of Zhukov Army of Air and Air Defence Forces (Russian: 6-я гвардейская Ленинградская Краснознаменная, ордена Жукова армия военно-воздушных сил и противовоздушной обороны) is an Air Army of the Russian Aerospace Forces.

The army was first active from 1998 to 2009, and was reformed in 2015. After the war, the Soviet Air Defence Forces' main command in the Leningrad area from 1960 was the 6th Independent Air Defence Army. As of 2020 it is the principal frontal aviation formation within the Western Military District of the Russian Armed Forces.
County Galway
County Galway (/ˈɡɔːlweɪ/ GAWL-way; Irish: Contae na Gaillimhe) is a county in Ireland. It is in the Northern and Western Region, taking up the south of the province of Connacht. The county population was 276,451 at the 2022 census.

There are several Irish-speaking areas in the west of the county. The traditional county includes the city of Galway, but the city and county are separate local government areas, administered by the local authorities of Galway City Council in the urban area and Galway County Council in the rest of the county.

Roundstone, County Galway
Roundstone (Irish: Cloch na Rón, meaning 'seal's rock') is a village on the west coast of Ireland, in the Connemara region of County Galway. Lying opposite the island of Inishnee on Roundstone Bay, by road it is 76 kilometres (47 mi) northwest of Galway and 18 kilometres (11 mi) southeast of Clifden. Known as a haven for people in the creative arts, it hosts an annual regatta in July.
Porto Torres
Porto Torres (Sassarese: Posthudorra; Sardinian: Portu Turre) is a comune (municipality) and a city of the Metropolitan City of Sassari in north-west of Sardinia, Italy. Founded during the 1st century BC as Colonia Iulia Turris Libisonis, it was the first Roman colony of the entire island. It is situated on the coast at about 25 kilometres (16 mi) east of Falcone Cape and in the center of the Gulf of Asinara. The port of Porto Torres is the second biggest seaport of the island, followed by the port of Olbia. The town is very close to the main city of Sassari, where the local university takes office.

Asinara
Asinara is an Italian island of 52 km2 (20 sq mi) in area. The name is Italian for "donkey-inhabited", but it is thought to derive from the Latin "sinuaria", and meaning sinus-shaped. The island is virtually uninhabited. The census of population of 2001 lists one man. The island is located off the north-western tip of Sardinia, and is mountainous in geography with steep, rocky coasts.  Because fresh water is scarce, trees are sparse and low scrub is the predominant vegetation.  Part of the national parks system of Italy, the island was recently converted to a wildlife and marine preserve. It is home to a population of wild albino donkeys from which the island may take its name.
National Indigenous Television
National Indigenous Television (NITV) is an Australian free-to-air television channel that broadcasts programming produced and presented largely by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. It includes the six-day-a-week NITV News Update, with programming including other news and current affairs programmes, sports coverage, entertainment for children and adults, films and documentaries covering a range of topics. Its primary audience is Indigenous Australians, but many non-Indigenous people tune in to learn more about the history of and issues affecting the country's First Nations peoples.

NITV was initially only carried by cable and satellite providers, along with some limited over-the-air transmissions in certain remote areas. NITV was re-launched in December 2012 by the Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) as a free-to-air channel.

9Rush
9Rush is an Australian free-to-air digital television multichannel, launched by the Nine Network on 5 April 2020. The channel was a joint venture with Warner Bros. Discovery Asia-Pacific (which also supplied its programming) and is broadcast on Channel 96 across Nine's metropolitan markets. The target audience are males between the ages of 25 and 54.

In March 2022, Discovery, Inc. launched the similarly-named Rush channel in New Zealand, which shares some programming and common ownership with 9Rush.
Shorty Long
Frederick Earl "Shorty" Long (May 20, 1940 – June 29, 1969) was an American soul singer, songwriter, musician, and record producer for Motown's Soul Records imprint. He was inducted into the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame in 1980.

The Detroit Wheels
The Detroit Wheels were an American rock band, formed in Detroit in 1964. They served as Mitch Ryder's backup band from 1964 to 1967.

The band had a number of top twenty hits in the mid-1960s before lead singer Ryder was enticed away by Bob Crewe with offers of a solo career, after which the group quickly dissolved. Two of its former members, Jim McCarty and Johnny "Bee" Badanjek, later reunited to establish the nucleus of a new band called The Rockets, after McCarty found some fame with the hard rock outfit Cactus. After Ryder's solo effort failed, he formed a "spin-off" called The Band Detroit, which had one album with a cult following.
Davao del Sur
Davao del Sur (Cebuano: Habagatang Dabaw; Filipino: Katimugang Davao), officially the Province of Davao del Sur (Cebuano: Lalawigan sa Habagatang Dabaw, Lalawigan sa Davao del Sur; Filipino: Lalawigan ng Katimugang Davao, Lalawigan ng Davao del Sur), is a province in the Philippines located in the Davao Region in Mindanao. Its capital is Digos. Davao City is the largest city in terms of area and population within the province's jurisdiction, yet it is administratively independent from the province; as such, Davao City is only grouped for geographical and statistical purposes and serves as the regional center of Davao Region.

The province is bounded by Davao del Norte to the north, Davao Occidental to the south-east, Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat to the west, South Cotabato and Sarangani to the south-west, and Davao Gulf to the east.

Lanao del Sur
Lanao del Sur (Filipino: Timog Lanao; Meranaw and Iranun: Pagabagatan Ranao; Jawi (Batang Arab):  لاناو الجنوبى‎), officially the Province of Lanao del Sur, is a province in the Philippines located in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). The capital is the city of Marawi (the most populous in the province), and it borders Lanao del Norte to the north, Bukidnon to the east, and Maguindanao del Norte and Cotabato to the south. To the southwest lies Illana Bay, an arm of the Moro Gulf.

Situated in the interior of Lanao del Sur is Lake Lanao, the largest lake in Mindanao.
Politics of Jiangxi
The politics of Jiangxi Province in the People's Republic of China is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China.

The Governor of Jiangxi is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Jiangxi. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the Jiangxi Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Provincial Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "Jiangxi CCP Party Chief".

Cheng Shiqing
Cheng Shiqing (Chinese: 程世清) (April 1918 – April 29, 2008) was a People's Liberation Army major general and People's Republic of China politician. He was born in Xin County, Henan Province. He was Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary and governor of Jiangxi Province during the Cultural Revolution.  Under Cheng's leadership the Jiangxi revolutionary committee exercised terror through struggle sessions; in one case a man accused of being a Kuomintang spy had his ear cut off and was left to bleed to death.
Kane, Pennsylvania
Kane is a borough in McKean County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, 87 miles (140 km) east-southeast of Erie. It was founded in 1864 by Civil War General Thomas L. Kane of the famous Bucktail Regiment. In the early part of the 20th century, Kane had large glass works, bottle works, lumber mills, and manufactures of brush handles, saws, cutlery, screen doors and windows. The population peaked in the 1920s but has since declined to 3,630 people as of the 2020 census.

Marienville, Pennsylvania
Marienville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Jenks Township, Forest County, Pennsylvania, United States. Its altitude is 1,735 feet (529 m), and it is located at 41°28′12″N 79°7′29″W﻿ / ﻿41.47000°N 79.12472°W﻿ / 41.47000; -79.12472 (41.4702014, -79.1247623). Other names for the community have included "Marion" and "Marionville". Marienville is a major point on a well-known ATV trail. According to the 2010 census the population of Marienville was 3,137.

Marienville is the location of the SCI Forest state correctional institution.
Belz
Belz (Ukrainian: Белз, IPA: [bɛlz] ⓘ; Polish: Bełz; Yiddish: בעלז) is a small city in Lviv Oblast, western Ukraine, located near the border with Poland between the Solokiya River (a tributary of the Bug River) and the Richytsia stream. Belz hosts the administration of Belz urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Its population is approximately 2,191 (2022 estimate).

First Partition of Poland
The First Partition of Poland took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that eventually ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The growth of power in the Russian Empire threatened the Kingdom of Prussia and the Habsburg monarchy and was the primary motive behind the First Partition.

Frederick the Great, King in Prussia, engineered the partition to prevent Austria, which was envious of Russian successes against the Ottoman Empire, from going to war. Territories in Poland–Lithuania were divided by its more powerful neighbours (Austria, Russia and Prussia) to restore the regional balance of power in Central Europe among those three countries.

With Poland unable to defend itself effectively and foreign troops already inside the country, the Polish Sejm ratified the partition in 1773 during the Partition Sejm, which was convened by the three powers.
Paul Gottfried
Paul Edward Gottfried (born November 21, 1941) is an American paleoconservative political philosopher, historian, and writer. He is a former Professor of Humanities at Swarthmore College and Elizabethtown College in Pennsylvania. He is editor-in-chief of the paleoconservative magazine Chronicles. He is an associated scholar at the Mises Institute, a libertarian think tank, and the US correspondent of Nouvelle École, a Nouvelle Droite journal.

Gottfried helped coin the terms paleoconservative in 1986 and alternative right (with Richard Spencer) in 2008. The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) has described him as a "far-right thinker" and characterizes the H.L. Mencken Club, which he founded, as a white nationalist group. Although noted for working with far-right and alt-right groups and figures, he has said that he does "not want to be in the same camp with white nationalists" or associated with pro-Nazis, "as somebody whose family barely escaped from the Nazis in the '30s".

The American Conservative
The American Conservative (TAC) is a bimonthly magazine published by the American Ideas Institute. The magazine was founded in 2002 by Pat Buchanan, Scott McConnell and Taki Theodoracopulos to advance an anti-neoconservative perspective. It has been noted as the only conservative publication in the early 2000s to oppose the Iraq War, publishing a string of articles Ralph Nader described as "the most devastating critiques of the neocons' lust for unlawful wars" of the era. It was later credited with putting J.D. Vance's Hillbilly Elegy "on the map" in a 2016 interview with Vance.

According to the publication, it exists to promote a form of conservatism that opposes unchecked power in government and business, supports "vibrant markets and free people", and embraces "realism and restraint" in foreign policy.
Lash Legend
Anriel Howard (born May 6, 1997) is an American professional wrestler. As of December 2020, she is signed to WWE, where she performs on the SmackDown brand under the ring name Lash Legend. She is one-half of the current WWE Women's Tag Team Champions with Nia Jax as The Irresistible Forces in their first reign as a team. Individually, it is Legend's first reign.

Howard is a former college and professional basketball player who played for the Seattle Storm of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA).

The Green Regime
The Green Regime  is a villainous professional wrestling stable performing in WWE on the SmackDown and NXT brands. The team is composed of leader, Chelsea Green and The Secret Hervice (Piper Niven and Alba Fyre). Green is a former two-time and the inaugural WWE Women's United States Champion while Green and Niven are a one-time WWE Women's Tag Team Champions.

In August 2023, Green and Niven formed a tag team to defend the WWE Women's Tag Team Championships, with Niven replacing Green's former tag team partner Sonya Deville who had suffered an injury and had to relinquish her half of the titles. In December 2024, Green became the inaugural Women's United States Champion and formed The Green Regime stable with the addition of Fyre.
River Rivelin
The River Rivelin is a river in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England.

It rises on the Hallam moors, in north west Sheffield, and joins the River Loxley (at Malin Bridge). The Rivelin Valley, through which the river flows, is a 3+1⁄2-mile (5.6 km) long woodland valley that includes the popular Rivelin Valley Nature Trail that was created in 1967. The valley has farmland on its gentler upper slopes. Tributaries include the Wyming Brook, Allen Sike and the Black Brook. The Rivelin Dams are to be found at the head of the valley.

A relatively fast-flowing river (it drops 80 metres (260 ft) between Rivelin Mill Bridge and Malin Bridge), the Rivelin is fed by a constant release of water from the nearby moorland peat. Its flow was exploited for centuries as a power source, driving the water wheels of up to twenty industries (forges, metal-working and flour mills) along its course.

Stannington, Sheffield
Stannington is a suburb in the City of Sheffield, England. The area is located in the civil parish of Bradfield, and is in the electoral ward of Stannington. Stannington is situated on the western edge of the Sheffield urban area.