hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sapper
A sapper, also called a combat engineer, is a combatant or soldier who performs a variety of military engineering duties, such as breaching fortifications, demolitions, bridge-building, laying or clearing minefields, preparing field defenses, and road and airfield construction and repair.

Sappers are also trained and equipped to serve secondarily as provisional infantry.

Sappers facilitate and support the movement, defence, and survival of superordinate and allied forces, and impede those of enemies.

The term "sapper" is used in the British Army and Commonwealth nations, the U.S. military, and the militaries of other countries.

Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)
Captain (Capt) is a junior officer rank of the British Army and Royal Marines and in both services it ranks above lieutenant and below major with a NATO ranking code of OF-2.  The rank is equivalent to a lieutenant in the Royal Navy and to a flight lieutenant in the Royal Air Force. The rank of captain in the Royal Navy is considerably more senior (equivalent to the Army/RM rank of colonel) and the two ranks should not be confused.

In the 21st-century British Army, captains are often appointed to be second-in-command (2IC) of a company or equivalent sized unit of up to 120 soldiers.
Isaac C. Kidd
Isaac Campbell Kidd (March 26, 1884 – December 7, 1941) was a rear admiral in the United States Navy. He was the father of Admiral Isaac C. Kidd Jr. Kidd Sr. was killed on the bridge of USS Arizona during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.  The highest-ranking casualty at Pearl Harbor, he became the first U.S. Navy flag officer killed in action in World War II as well as the first killed in action against any foreign enemy.

He was a posthumous recipient of his nation's highest military honor—the Medal of Honor. A Fletcher-class destroyer, Kidd (DD-661), was commissioned in his honor on April 23, 1943. The second ship named after him, Kidd (DDG-993), lead ship of four Kidd-class destroyers, was commissioned on March 27, 1981.  An Arleigh Burke-class guided missile destroyer, Kidd (DDG-100), was the third ship named after him and was commissioned on June 9, 2007.

Rear admiral (United States)
A rear admiral is one of two distinct ranks of commissioned officers in four of the uniformed services of the United States; "rear admiral (lower half)", a one-star flag officer, and "rear admiral", a two-star flag officer. The two ranks are only utilized by the United States Navy, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps, and the U.S. Maritime Service. In contrast, in most other nations' rank-bearing services the term "rear admiral" refers exclusively to two-star flag officer rank.
Interstate 244
Interstate 244 (I-244), also known as the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Expressway (in honor of Martin Luther King Jr.) since 1984, the Crosstown Expressway, and the Red Fork Expressway, is a 15.8-mile-long (25.4 km) east–west Interstate Highway bypass route of I-44 around Tulsa, Oklahoma.

At both I-244's western and eastern terminus, the highway connects with I-44. I-244 runs from the western bank of the Arkansas River, across the river and past downtown Tulsa, before running through the northern half of the city and connecting again with I-44.

In downtown Tulsa, I-244 forms the northern and western legs of the "Inner Dispersal Loop". The southern and eastern legs are formed by the unsigned I-444 (signed as U.S. Highway 75 (US-75)).

U.S. Route 64
U.S. Route 64 (US 64) is an east–west United States highway that runs for 2,281 miles (3,672 km) from Nags Head in eastern North Carolina to just southwest of the Four Corners in northeast Arizona. The western terminus is at U.S. Route 160 in Teec Nos Pos, Arizona. The highway's eastern terminus is at NC 12 and U.S. Route 158 at Whalebone Junction, North Carolina. Major cities served along US 64's route include Tulsa, Oklahoma; Conway, Arkansas; Memphis and Chattanooga in Tennessee; and Raleigh and Rocky Mount in North Carolina.
Héctor Rodríguez Castro
Héctor Rodríguez Castro (born March 26, 1982) is a Venezuelan lawyer and politician. He is currently the governor of Miranda. He served as the national Minister of Education in the cabinet of Nicolas Maduro.

List of governors of Miranda
This is a list of governors of the Venezuelan Miranda State:

Until 1989, they were appointed by the president of Venezuela. Starting from that year they are elected in universal, direct and secret elections.
Steve Miller (musician)
Steven Haworth Miller (born October 5, 1943) is an American musician. He is the founder and only remaining original member of the Steve Miller Band, which he founded in 1966, and is the principal songwriter, lead singer, harmonicist, keyboardist, and one of the guitarists. He began his career in blues and blues rock and evolved to a more pop-oriented arena rock sound during the mid-1970s through the early 1980s, releasing popular singles and albums. Miller was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2016.

AllMusic
AllMusic (previously known as All-Music Guide and AMG) is an American online music database. It catalogs more than three million album entries and 30 million tracks, as well as information on musicians and bands. Initiated in 1991, the database was first made available on the Internet in 1994. AllMusic has been owned by RhythmOne since 2015.
L (SEPTA Metro)
The L, formerly known as the Market–Frankford Line, is a rapid transit line in the SEPTA Metro network in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The L runs from the 69th Street Transit Center in Upper Darby, just outside of West Philadelphia, through Center City Philadelphia to the Frankford Transit Center in Near Northeast Philadelphia. Starting in 2024, the line was rebranded as the "L" as part of the implementation of SEPTA Metro, wherein line names are simplified to a single letter.

The L is the busiest route in the SEPTA system; it had more than 170,000 boardings on an average weekday in 2019. The line has elevated, on-grade, and underground portions.

33rd Street station (SEPTA)
33rd Street station is a subway station in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, serving all trolleys of the SEPTA Metro T. It is the last station of the T outbound with all lines before the T1 splits away and exits the tunnel at 36th Street Portal. The stop is located on the campus of Drexel University.
2019 Malaysia Super League
The 2019 Malaysia Super League (Malay: Liga Super Malaysia 2019) is the 16th season of the Malaysia Super League, the top-tier professional football league in Malaysia.

Johor Darul Ta'zim are the current defending champions from the 2018 Malaysia Super League seasons and will qualify for the group stage of 2019 AFC Champions League.

The first transfer window is from 29 November 2018 to 20 February 2019.

2024–25 Malaysia Super League
The 2024–25 Malaysia Super League (Malay: Liga Super Malaysia 2024–25) was the 21st season of the Malaysia Super League, the top-tier professional football league in Malaysia since its establishment in 2004, and the 43rd season of top-flight Malaysian football overall.

This is the first season to have a two-year schedule, since the 2007–08. This is the first time the league officially applies video assistant referee (VAR) technology. The defending champion from the 2023 season is Johor Darul Ta'zim.

On 24 February 2025, Johor Darul Ta'zim were crowned Super League champions for a record 11th time with four matches to spare.
Roman province
The Roman provinces (Latin: provincia, pl. provinciae) were the administrative regions of Ancient Rome outside Roman Italy that were controlled by the Romans under the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire. Each province was ruled by a Roman appointed as governor.

For centuries, it was the largest administrative unit of the foreign possessions of ancient Rome. With the administrative reform initiated by Diocletian, it became a third level administrative subdivision of the Roman Empire, or rather a subdivision of the imperial dioceses (in turn subdivisions of the imperial prefectures).

Pannonia Superior
Pannonia Superior (transl. 'Upper Pannonia') was a Roman province created from the division of Pannonia in 103 AD, its capital in Carnuntum. It overlapped in territory with modern-day Hungary, Croatia, Austria, Slovakia, and Slovenia.
Bobbi Brown
Bobbi Brown (born April 14, 1957) is an American professional make-up artist, author, and the founder of Bobbi Brown Cosmetics. She created ten natural-shade lipsticks, which, according to Entrepreneur "revolutionized the beauty industry". She has written ten books about beauty and wellness. In 2025, Time magazine listed her as one of the world's 100 most influential people.

After leaving Bobbi Brown Cosmetics in 2016, she launched Beauty Evolution, LLC, and became certified as a health coach through the Institute for Integrative Nutrition. Brown also started a line of beauty-inspired wellness products. and launched a second beauty line, Jones Road, in 2020. Brown curates an editorial website. She and her husband Steven Plofker redesigned The George, a boutique hotel located in Montclair, New Jersey.

Elle (magazine)
Elle (French pronunciation: [ɛl]; lit. 'She'  or 'Her'; stylised in all caps), is a French weekly lifestyle magazine. It offers a mixture of fashion, beauty, and general lifestyle content. It has been published in Paris since its 1945 founding by Hélène Gordon-Lazareff.

The magazine has a global audience reach of over 250 million people monthly, 50 international editions, and spin-off publications such as Elle Décoration, Elle Men, and Elle à Table. The magazine is considered "one of the world's largest fashion and lifestyle publications".
Sakura Yokomine
Sakura Yokomine (横峯さくら, Yokomine Sakura; born 13 December 1985 in Kanoya, Kagoshima) is a Japanese professional golfer. She is one of the leading players on the LPGA of Japan Tour and was in the top twenty of the February 2006 debut edition of the Women's World Golf Rankings. She finished T-11 at the LPGA Final Qualifying Tournament to earn her tour card for 2015.

Yokomine has endorsement deals with Epson, Srixon, Asahi Soft Drinks, Le Coq Sportif, ANA and Sato.

Amy Yang
Amy Yang, also known as Yang Hee-Young (Korean: 양희영, born 28 July 1989) is a South Korean professional golfer, currently playing on the United States–based LPGA Tour and on the Ladies European Tour (LET).
Marty Domres
Martin Francis Domres (/ˈdɒmrɛs/ DOM-rehs; April 17, 1947 – October 13, 2025) was an American professional football player who was a quarterback for nine seasons in the American Football League (AFL) and National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Columbia Lions and was selected by the San Diego Chargers in the first round of the 1969 NFL/AFL draft. Domres played in the AFL and NFL with the San Diego Chargers, Baltimore Colts, San Francisco 49ers, and the New York Jets.

San Diego Chargers
The San Diego Chargers were a professional American football team in the National Football League (NFL). The Chargers played in San Diego from 1961 until 2016, before relocating back to the Greater Los Angeles area, where the franchise played its inaugural 1960 season. The team is now known as the Los Angeles Chargers.

The Chargers' first home game in San Diego was at Balboa Stadium against the Oakland Raiders on September 17, 1961. The team played a majority of their time in San Diego at San Diego Stadium, from 1967 until 2017. Their final game as a San Diego–based club was played at the end of the 2016 season on January 1, 2017, against the Kansas City Chiefs, who defeated them 37–27.
Buckingham
Buckingham (/ˈbʌkɪŋəm/ BUK-ing-əm) is a market town in north Buckinghamshire, England, close to the borders of Northamptonshire and Oxfordshire, which had a population of 12,890 at the 2011 Census. The town lies approximately 12 miles (19 km) west of Central Milton Keynes, 19 miles (31 km) south-east of Banbury, and 24 miles (39 km) north-east of Oxford.

Buckingham was the county town of Buckinghamshire from the 10th century, when it was made the capital of the newly formed shire of Buckingham, until Aylesbury took over this role in the 18th century.

Buckingham has a variety of restaurants and pubs, typical of a market town. Britain's first private university, the University of Buckingham, is based here.

Buckinghamshire (district)
Buckinghamshire is a unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of Buckinghamshire, England. It covers about four-fifths of area of the ceremonial county and about two-thirds of its population; the City of Milton Keynes accounts for the remainder. As a unitary authority area, it is both a non-metropolitan county and a non-metropolitan district.

The district is administered by Buckinghamshire Council. The council was formed in 2020, following the abolition of the previous county council, Buckinghamshire County Council, and the four district councils covering the area.
Curie Institute (Paris)
Institut Curie is a medical, biological and biophysical research centre in France. It is a private non-profit foundation operating a research center on biophysics, cell biology and oncology and a hospital specialized in treatment of cancer. It is located in Paris, France.

Institut Curie is member of EU-LIFE, an alliance of leading life sciences research centres in Europe.

Doctor of Philosophy
A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, DPhil; Latin: philosophiae doctor or doctor in philosophia) is a terminal degree that usually denotes the highest level of academic achievement in a given discipline and is awarded following a course of graduate study and original research. The name of the degree is most often abbreviated PhD (or, at times, as Ph.D. in North America) and is pronounced as three separate letters (/ˌpiːeɪtʃˈdiː/ PEE-aych-DEE). The University of Oxford uses the alternative abbreviation "DPhil".

PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. Since it is an earned research degree, those studying for a PhD are required to produce original research that expands the boundaries of knowledge, normally in the form of a dissertation, and, in some cases, defend their work before a panel of other experts in the field. In many fields, the completion of a PhD is typically required for employment as a university professor, researcher, or scientist.
Bogie exchange
Bogie exchange is a system for operating railway wagons on two or more gauges to overcome difference in the track gauge.  To perform a bogie exchange, a car is converted from one gauge to another by removing the bogies or trucks (the chassis containing the wheels and axles of the car), and installing a new bogie with differently spaced wheels.  It is generally limited to wagons and carriages, though the bogies on diesel locomotives can be exchanged if enough time is available.

The term can also refer to  the rebuilding of rolling-stock for permanent use on another gauge, e.g. the Little Joe electric locomotives intended for the Soviet Union (Russian gauge) which were rebuilt for use in the United States, or the New Zealand British Rail Mark 2 carriage  rebuilt for use on the NZR Cape gauge.

Iberian-gauge railway
Iberian gauge (Spanish: ancho ibérico, trocha ibérica, Portuguese: bitola ibérica) is a track gauge of 1,668 mm (5 ft 5+21⁄32 in), most extensively used by the railways of Spain and Portugal. A broad gauge, it is the second-widest gauge in regular use anywhere in the world, with only Indian gauge railways, 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm), being wider (by 8 mm (5⁄16 in)).

As finally established in 1955, the Iberian gauge is a compromise between the similar, but slightly different, gauges adopted as respective national standards in Spain and Portugal in the mid-19th century. The main railway networks of Spain were initially constructed to a 1,672 mm (5 ft 5+13⁄16 in) gauge of six Castilian feet. Those of Portugal were instead built to a 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) and later railways to a 1,664 mm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) gauge of five Portuguese feet – close enough to allow interoperability with Spanish railways.
Ryan Cooley
Ryan Hadison Cooley (born May 18, 1988) is a Canadian consultant and former actor. He is best known for his role as James Tiberius "J.T." Yorke on Degrassi: The Next Generation which he starred in from 2001 until 2007.

He is currently the Vice President of Konrad Group, a digitial agency that creates apps and products.

Melissa McIntyre
Melissa Erin McIntyre (born May 31, 1986)  is a Canadian former television and theatre actress. She is best known for her role as Ashley Kerwin on the long-running CTV/The N teen drama Degrassi: The Next Generation.
Amblysomus
Amblysomus (also narrow-headed golden mole or South African golden mole) is a  genus of the golden mole family, Chrysochloridae, comprising five species of the small, insect-eating, burrowing mammals endemic to Southern Africa. All five species can be found in South Africa and some are also found in Eswatini and Lesotho.

Sclater's golden mole
Sclater's golden mole (Chlorotalpa sclateri) is a species of mammal in the family Chrysochloridae. It is found in Lesotho and South Africa. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry and high-altitude shrubland, Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation, temperate grassland, arable land, pastureland, rural gardens, and urban areas. This species is locally common, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".
Grottaferrata
Grottaferrata (Italian pronunciation: [ˌɡrɔttaferˈraːta, ˌɡro-]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, situated on the lower slopes of the Alban Hills, 20 kilometres (12 miles) southeast of Rome. It has grown up around the Abbey of Santa Maria di Grottaferrata, founded in 1004. Nearby communes include Frascati, Rocca di Papa, Marino and Rome.

Genzano di Roma
Genzano di Roma is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome, in the Lazio region of central Italy. It is one of the Castelli Romani, at a distance of 29 kilometres (18 mi) from Rome, in the Alban Hills.
Imbabura Province
Imbabura (Spanish pronunciation: [imbaˈβuɾa]) is a province located in the Andes of northern Ecuador.  The capital is Ibarra. The people of the province speak Spanish, and a large portion of the population also speak the Imbaburan Kichwa variety of the Quechua language.

The summit of Cotacachi Volcano at an elevation of 4,944 metres (16,220 ft) is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) north-east of the town of Cotacachi. The volcano is located in the large Cotacachi Cayapas Ecological Reserve.

Imbabura Volcano is also located in the province.  Best reached from the town of La Esperanza, the 4,609 metres (15,121 ft) high mountain can be climbed in a single day.

Tungurahua Province
Tungurahua (Spanish: Provincia del Tungurahua, literally Province of the Tungurahua; pronounced [tuŋɡuˈɾawa]) is one of the twenty-four provinces of Ecuador. Its capital is Ambato. The province takes its name from the Tungurahua volcano, which is located within the boundaries of the provinces.
Marilyn Horne
Marilyn Berneice Horne (born January 16, 1934) is an American mezzo-soprano opera singer. She specialized in roles requiring beauty of tone, excellent breath support, and the ability to execute difficult coloratura passages. She is a recipient of the National Medal of Arts and the Kennedy Center Honors, and has won four Grammy Awards.

Carlo Bergonzi (tenor)
Carlo Bergonzi (13 July 1924 – 25 July 2014) was an Italian operatic tenor. Although he performed and recorded some bel canto and verismo roles, he was above all associated with the operas of Giuseppe Verdi, including many of the composer's lesser known works he helped revive. He sang more than forty other roles throughout his career.
Entomology
Entomology, from Ancient Greek ἔντομον (éntomon), meaning "insect", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study", is the branch of zoology that focuses on insects. Those who study entomology are known as entomologists. In the past, the term insect was less specific, and historically the definition of entomology would also include the study of animals in other arthropod groups, such as arachnids, myriapods, and crustaceans. The field is also referred to as insectology in American English, while in British English insectology implies the study of the relationships between insects and humans.

Over 1.3 million insect species have been described by entomology.

Harry Hoogstraal
Harry Hoogstraal (February 24, 1917 Chicago, Illinois – February 24, 1986 Cairo, Egypt) was an American entomologist and parasitologist.  He was described as "the greatest authority on ticks and tickborne diseases who ever lived."  The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene's Harry Hoogstraal Medal for Outstanding Achievement in Medical Entomology honors his contributions to science.
Literal translation
Literal translation, direct translation, or word-for-word translation, or word-by-word translation, or word-to-word translation is the translation of a text done by translating each word separately without analysing how the words are used together in a phrase or sentence.

In translation theory, another term for literal translation is metaphrase (as opposed to paraphrase for an analogous translation). It is to be distinguished from an interpretation (done, for example, by an interpreter).

Literal translation leads to mistranslation of idioms, which can be a serious problem for machine translation.

Pan-Arabism
Pan-Arabism (Arabic: الوحدة العربية, romanized: al-waḥda al-ʿarabiyyah, lit. 'Arab unity') is a pan-nationalist ideology that espouses the unification of all Arab people in a single nation-state, consisting of all Arab countries of West Asia and North Africa from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea, which is referred to as the Arab world. It is closely connected to Arab nationalism, which asserts the view that the Arabs constitute a single nation. It originated in the late 19th century among the Arab regions of the Ottoman Empire, and its popularity reached its height during the peak of Nasserism and Ba'athism in the 1950s and 1960s. Advocates of pan-Arabism have often espoused Arab socialist principles and strongly opposed the political involvement of the Western world in the Arab world. It also sought to empower Arab states against outside forces by forming alliances such as the Arab League.
Corkaree
Corkaree (Irish: Corca Raoi) is a barony in north County Westmeath, Ireland. It was formed by 1672. It is bordered by three other baronies: Fore (to the north), Moyashel and Magheradernon (to the south) and Moygoish (to the west).

Ballynafid
Ballynafid (Irish: Baile na Feide) is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 10 kilometres (6 mi) north–west of Mullingar. This place name is not to be confused with Ballinafid and Ballinafid Lake, which are in the neighboring townland of Knightswood.

Ballynafid is one of 15 townlands of the civil parish of Leny in the barony of Corkaree in the Province of Leinster. The townland covers 374 acres (1.51 km2), of which 108 acres (0.44 km2) are within the adjacent civil parish of Portnashangan. The neighboring townlands are: Culleendarragh to the north, Culleenabohoge and Knightswood to the east, Clanhugh Demesne and Portnashangan to the south, and Heathland and Kilpatrick to the west.

In the 1911 census of Ireland, there were 4 houses and 41 inhabitants in the townland.