hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Global Positioning System
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based hyperbolic navigation system owned by the United States Space Force and operated by Mission Delta 31. It is one of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) that provide geolocation and time information to a GPS receiver anywhere on or near the Earth where signal quality permits. It does not require the user to transmit any data, and operates independently of any telephone or Internet reception, though these technologies can enhance the usefulness of the GPS positioning information. It provides critical positioning capabilities to military, civil, and commercial users around the world. Although the United States government created, controls, and maintains the GPS system, it is freely accessible to anyone with a GPS receiver.

Backup camera
A backup camera (also called a reversing camera or rear-view camera) is a video camera specifically designed to be attached to the rear of a vehicle to aid in reversing and reduce the rear blind spot. The rear blind spot has been described as a "killing zone" due to the accidents it contributes to. Backup cameras are usually connected to the vehicle's head unit display. A common variant is a surround-view system, which assembles a synthetic but positionally accurate top-down view of the vehicle and its surroundings.

Backup cameras have been regulated by law in Canada and the United States since 2018. Since May of that year, backup cameras have been required on all new vehicles sold in the United States.
Tipperary (town)
Tipperary (/ˌtɪpəˈrɛəri/; Irish: Tiobraid Árann, meaning 'well of the Ara'), commonly known as Tipperary Town, is a town and a civil parish in County Tipperary, Ireland. It had a population of 4,979 as of the 2016 census. It is also an ecclesiastical parish in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly, and is in the historical barony of Clanwilliam. The town gave its name to County Tipperary.

Regional road (Ireland)
A regional road (Irish: bóthar réigiúnach) in the Republic of Ireland is a class of road not forming a major route (such as a national primary road or national secondary road), but nevertheless forming a link in the national route network. There are over 11,600 kilometres (7,200 miles) of regional roads. Regional roads are numbered with three-digit route numbers, prefixed by "R" (e.g. R105). The equivalent road category in Northern Ireland are B roads.
Structuralism
Structuralism is an intellectual current and methodological approach, primarily in the social sciences, that interprets elements of human culture by way of their relationship to a broader system. It works to uncover the structural patterns that underlie all things that humans do, think, perceive, and feel.

Alternatively, as summarized by philosopher Simon Blackburn, structuralism is:

"The belief that phenomena of human life are not intelligible except through their interrelations. These relations constitute a structure, and behind local variations in the surface phenomena there are constant laws of abstract structure."

Philosophy of language
Philosophy of language is the philosophical study of the nature of language. It investigates the relationship between language, language users, and the world. Investigations may include inquiry into the nature of meaning, indexicality, intentionality, reference, the constitution of sentences, concepts, learning, and thought.

Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell were pivotal figures in analytic philosophy's "linguistic turn". These writers were followed by Ludwig Wittgenstein (Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus), the Vienna Circle, logical positivists, and Willard Van Orman Quine.
Cartoon Network
Cartoon Network (CN) is an American cable television channel operated by the Global Linear Networks division of Warner Bros. Discovery. Launched on October 1, 1992, it primarily broadcasts animated television series, mostly children's programming, ranging from action to animated comedy. It currently runs from 6 a.m. to 5 p.m. ET/PT daily. The flagship property of The Cartoon Network, Inc., it primarily targets children aged 6 to 12, though some early morning programming, formerly of the Cartoonito block, is aimed at preschool-aged children, while evening block Adult Swim targets young adults.

As of November 2023, Cartoon Network is available to approximately 66 million pay television households in the United States — down from its peak of 100 million households in 2011.

Incredible Crew
Incredible Crew is an American sketch comedy television series, created by Nick Cannon for Cartoon Network. Cannon filmed the pilot in late 2011 as originally Class Clowns and was later greenlit with its finalized name, and the series aired as a sneak peek on December 31, 2012 to April 11, 2013, featuring a 22-minute run time.

This was the final live-action show produced by Cartoon Network Studios.
Singapore dollar
The Singapore dollar (sign: S$; code: SGD) is the official currency of the Republic of Singapore. It is divided into 100 cents (Malay: sen, Chinese: 分; pinyin: fēn, Tamil: காசு, romanized: kācu). It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or S$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) issues the banknotes and coins of the Singapore dollar.

As of 2024, the Singapore dollar is the 13th most traded currency in the world. Apart from its use in Singapore, the Singapore dollar is also accepted as customary tender in Brunei according to the Currency Interchangeability Agreement between the Monetary Authority of Singapore and the Autoriti Monetari Brunei Darussalam (Monetary Authority of Brunei Darussalam). Likewise, the Brunei dollar is also customarily accepted in Singapore.

Tanah Merah MRT station
Tanah Merah MRT station (/ˈtɑːnɑː ˌmeɪrɑː, -ˌmɛrɑː/ TAH-nah MAY-rah) is an elevated Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the East–West Line (EWL). Located in Bedok, Singapore, the station is along New Upper Changi Road and serves various residential developments. It is the terminus of the EWL branch to Changi Airport station.

Tentatively named Changi during its construction, the station opened on 4 November 1989. The station began to serve the Changi Airport branch on 10 January 2001 following the opening of Expo station. On 25 May 2019, it was announced that Tanah Merah station would interchange with the Thomson–East Coast Line (TEL) when TEL takes over the Changi Airport branch following its extension to Changi Airport Terminal 5 by the mid-2030s.
2023 Budapest Formula 3 round
The 2023 Budapest Formula 3 round was a motor racing event held between 21 and 23 July at the Hungaroring, Mogyoród, Hungary. It was the seventh round of the 2023 FIA Formula 3 Championship, and was held in support of the 2023 Hungarian Grand Prix.

2023 Monza Formula 3 round
The 2023 Monza Formula 3 round was a motor racing event held between 1 and 3 September at the Monza Circuit. It was the final race of the 2023 FIA Formula 3 Championship and was held in support of the 2023 Italian Grand Prix.

Heading into the final round with a 38-point-margin over his nearest rivals Paul Aron and Pepe Martí, Gabriel Bortoleto was crowned the 2023 Drivers' Champion after qualifying on Friday as Aron and Martí both failed to score pole position in order two secure two vital points for their respective championship hopes. Bortoleto became the next series' champion as a rookie since Oscar Piastri in 2020.
Minaret
A minaret is a type of tower typically built into or adjacent to mosques. Minarets are generally used to project the Muslim call to prayer (adhan) from a muezzin, but they also served as landmarks and symbols of Islam's presence. They can have a variety of forms, from thick, squat towers to soaring, pencil-thin spires.

Tholobate
A tholobate (from Ancient Greek  θολοβάτης (tholobátēs) 'dome pedestal'), also called a drum or tambour, is the upright part of a building on which a dome is raised. It is generally in the shape of a cylinder or a polygonal prism. The name derives from the tholos, the Greek term for a round building with a roof and a circular wall. Another architectural meaning of drum is a circular section of a column shaft.
TND (TV station)
TND is a television station in Darwin, Northern Territory. The station, launched in 1998 as Seven Darwin and broadcasting across Darwin, Palmerston and surrounding areas, is owned by Southern Cross Media Group. Its main competitor is the Nine Network's owned-and-operated station, NTD.

AMV (TV station)
AMV is an Australian television station licensed to, and serving the regions surrounding Wagga Wagga and Albury-Wodonga in south western New South Wales and north eastern Victoria. The station was, for many years, merged with RVN-2 as the Riverina and North East Victoria Television Service.
Titular bishop
A titular bishop in various churches is a bishop who is not in charge of a diocese.
By definition, a bishop is an "overseer" of a community of the faithful, so when a priest is ordained a bishop, the tradition of the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches is that he be ordained for a specific place. There are more bishops than there are functioning dioceses. Therefore, a priest appointed not to head a diocese as its diocesan bishop but to be an auxiliary bishop, a papal diplomat, or an official of the Roman Curia is appointed to a titular see.

Apostolic Nunciature to Venezuela
The Apostolic Nunciature to Venezuela is the diplomatic mission of the Holy See to Venezuela, formally established in 1921. The most recent Apostolic Nuncio is Archbishop Aldo Giordano, who was named to the position by Pope Francis on 26 October 2013.

The Apostolic Nunciature to the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Venezuela, with the rank of an embassy. The nuncio serves both as the ambassador of the Holy See to the President of Venezuela, and as delegate and point-of-contact between the Catholic hierarchy in Venezuela and the Pope. The office of Apostolic Nuncio is currently always assigned to titular archbishops.

The Nunciature is located on the Avenida La Salle ('La Salle Avenue'), in Caracas 1050, in the Distrito Capital, Venezuela.
Conservatoire de Paris
The Conservatoire de Paris (French: [kɔ̃sɛʁvatwaʁ də paʁi]), or the Paris Conservatory, is a college of music and dance founded in 1795. Officially known as the Conservatoire National Supérieur de Musique et de Danse de Paris (pronounced [kɔ̃sɛʁvatwaʁ nɑsjɔnal sypeʁjœʁ də myzik e də dɑ̃s də paʁi]; CNSMDP), it is situated in the avenue Jean Jaurès in the 19th arrondissement of Paris, France. The Conservatoire offers instruction in music and dance, drawing on the traditions of the 'French School'.

Formerly the conservatory also included drama, but in 1946 that division was moved into a separate school, the Conservatoire National Supérieur d'Art Dramatique (CNSAD), for acting, theatre and drama. Today the conservatories operate under the auspices of the Ministry of Culture and Communication and are associate members of PSL University. The CNSMDP is also associated with the Conservatoire National Supérieur de Musique et de Danse de Lyon (CNSMDL).

Marie Gabriel Augustin Savard
Marie Gabriel Augustin Savard (21 August 1814 – 7 June 1881) was a French composer and teacher.

Savard was a teacher at the Paris Conservatory in tonic solfa, harmony and figured bass. Among his pupils were Jules Massenet, Cécile Chaminade, Eduard Reuss, and Edward MacDowell. See: List of music students by teacher: R to S#Marie Gabriel Augustin Savard. Massenet describes him fondly in his memoires. His works include the following:

Kyrie (1860) (Niedermeyer)

Messe solennelle (1865)

He also published books on music theory and a compilation of plainsong chants. These include:

Cours complet d'Harmonie théorique et pratique (1853) and

Principes de la musique et méthode de transposition (1865), Librairie Hachette et cie., Paris

The latter work was approved by L'Académie des beaux-arts of the Institut de France under such notables as Daniel Auber, Ambroise Thomas, Hector Berlioz and Fromental Halévy.

He was the father of Marie Emmanuel Augustin Savard.
Bass clarinet
The bass clarinet is a musical instrument of the clarinet family. Like the more common soprano B♭ clarinet, it is usually pitched in B♭ (meaning it is a transposing instrument on which a written C sounds as B♭), but it plays notes an octave below the soprano B♭ clarinet. Bass clarinets in other keys, notably C and A, also exist, but are very rare (in contrast to the regular A clarinet, which is quite common in classical music). Bass clarinets regularly perform in orchestras, wind ensembles and concert bands, and occasionally in marching bands, and jazz bands. They also play an occasional solo role in contemporary music and jazz in particular.

Someone who plays a bass clarinet is called a bass clarinettist or a bass clarinetist.

Ophicleide
The ophicleide (/ˈɒfɪklaɪd/ OFF-ih-klyde) is a family of conical-bore keyed brass instruments invented in early 19th-century France to extend the keyed bugle into the lower range. Of these, the bass ophicleide in eight-foot (8′) C or 9′ B♭ took root over the course of the 19th century in military bands and as the bass of orchestral brass sections throughout Western Europe, replacing the serpent and its later upright derivatives. By the end of the 19th century, however, it had been largely superseded, in bands by the euphonium and in orchestras by early forms of the modern tuba, some developed from valved ophicleides. The late 20th century saw a revival of interest in the instrument for historically informed performance practice, and ophicleides are built by a small number of manufacturers.
Balboa Park (San Diego)
Balboa Park is a 1,200-acre (490 ha) historic urban cultural park in San Diego, California. Placed in reserve in 1835, the park's site is one of the oldest in the United States dedicated to public recreational use. The park hosts various museums, theaters, restaurants, and the San Diego Zoo. It is managed and maintained by the Parks and Recreation Department of the City of San Diego.

Balboa Park hosted the 1915–16 Panama–California Exposition and 1935–36 California Pacific International Exposition, both of which left architectural landmarks. The park and its historic exposition buildings were declared a National Historic Landmark and National Historic Landmark District in 1977, and placed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Mission Revival architecture
The Mission Revival style was part of an architectural movement, beginning in the late 19th century, for the revival and reinterpretation of American colonial styles. Mission Revival drew inspiration from the late 18th and early 19th century Spanish missions in California. It is sometimes termed California Mission Revival, particularly when used elsewhere, such as in New Mexico and Texas which have their own unique regional architectural styles. In Australia, the style is known as Spanish Mission.

The Mission Revival movement was most popular between 1890 and 1915, in numerous residential, commercial and institutional structures, particularly schools and railroad depots.
2012 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament
The 2012 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament was an association football competition used to determine the two participants who would compete at the 2012 Summer Olympics. It was held at BC Place in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, from January 19–29, 2012.

2008 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament
The 2008 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament was the 2nd edition of the CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament, the quadrennial international football tournament organised by CONCACAF to determine which two women's national teams from the North, Central American and Caribbean region qualify for the Olympic football tournament.  A total of six teams played in the tournament.
The top two teams of the tournament – United States and Canada – qualified for the 2008 Summer Olympics women's football tournament in Beijing, China as the CONCACAF representatives.
Coppa Italia
Coppa Italia (lit. 'Italy Cup') is the annual domestic cup of Italian football. The knockout competition was organized by the DDS and the Lega Calcio until the 2009–10 season and by Lega Serie A ever since.

Juventus is the competition's most successful club with fifteen wins, followed by Roma and Inter Milan with nine. Juventus has contested the most finals with 22, followed by Roma with 17 finals. The holder can wear a cockade of Italy (Italian: coccarda), akin to the roundels that appear on military aircraft. The winner automatically qualifies for both the UEFA Europa League league phase and the Supercoppa Italiana the following year.

Ciro Ferrara
Ciro Ferrara Ufficiale OMRI (Italian pronunciation: [ˈtʃiːro ferˈraːra]; born 11 February 1967) is an Italian former footballer and manager. Ferrara spent his playing career as a defender, initially at Napoli and later on at Juventus, winning seven total Serie A titles as well as other domestic and international trophies.

His most recent position was as manager of Wuhan Zall. He had also previously coached Juventus and the Italy national under-21 team. As an assistant coach to Marcello Lippi, he won the 2006 FIFA World Cup with Italy.

At international level, he earned 49 caps for the Italian national team and represented the team at the 1988 Summer Olympics, at two UEFA European Championships, in 1988 and 2000, and at the 1990 World Cup.
Ashley Judd
Ashley Tyler Ciminella, known professionally as Ashley Judd (born April 19, 1968), is an American actress and activist. She grew up in a family of performing artists, the daughter of country music singer Naomi Judd and the half-sister of country music singer Wynonna Judd. Her acting career has spanned more than three decades, and she has been involved in global humanitarian efforts and political activism. Judd made her television debut in 1991 with a guest role on Star Trek: The Next Generation and her film debut in 1992's Kuffs.

Miles Teller
Miles Teller (born February 20, 1987) is an American actor. He made his feature film debut with the independent drama Rabbit Hole (2010), and gained wider recognition for his roles in the coming-of-age film The Spectacular Now (2013) and the Divergent film trilogy (2014–2016). His breakthrough role came in the drama Whiplash (2014), which earned him critical acclaim.

Teller went on to star in the superhero film Fantastic Four (2015) as Mister Fantastic and in the biographical film War Dogs (2016). He garnered a mainstream resurgence for his starring role in the action film Top Gun: Maverick (2022). In television, he has starred in the Amazon Prime Video crime drama Too Old to Die Young (2019) and the Paramount+ miniseries The Offer (2022).
Gillingham, Kent
Gillingham (/ˈdʒɪlɪŋəm/ ⓘ JIL-ing-əm) is a town in Kent, England, which forms a conurbation with neighbouring Chatham, Rochester, Strood and Rainham. It is the largest town in the borough of Medway and in 2022 had a population of 111,033.

EFL League Two
The English Football League Two, simply known as League Two and for sponsorship purposes as Sky Bet League Two, is the third and lowest division of the English Football League (EFL) and the fourth-highest tier in the English football league system, after the Premier League, EFL Championship and the EFL League One. It is contested by 24 professional clubs.

Introduced for the 2004–05 English football season as Football League Two, it is a rebrand of the former Football League Third Division.

As of the 2025–26 season, Newport County hold the longest tenure in this division following their promotion in the 2012–13 season. There are currently two former Premier League clubs competing in this division: Oldham Athletic (1992–94) and Swindon Town (1993–94).

The current holders are Doncaster Rovers.
ARY Digital
ARY Digital HD (Urdu: ARY ڈیجیٹل) is a Pakistani television network available in Pakistan. ARY Digital was founded by a Dubai-based holding company of Pakistani businessman, Abdul Razzak Yaqoob and Salman Iqbal (ARY). The network is focused towards on Pakistani entertainment dramas, sitcoms, talk shows, web series and culture.

The channel broadcasts on cable and satellite networks, linear television as well as streaming platforms including YouTube Channel and ARY ZAP.

Babar Javed
Babar Javed Mughal (Urdu: بابر جاوید) is a Pakistani television and film producer and  director. He has produced and directed series such as Meri Zaat Zarra-e-Benishan, Qaid-e-Tanhai, Mera Saaein, Main Abdul Qadir Hoon, Aasmanon Pay Likha, Bashar Momin, Adhoora Bandhan, and Mor Mahal, all under his production company A&B Entertainment that he co-founded with actor turned filmmaker Asif Raza Mir. Javed has earned eight Lux Style Awards as a director and producer. In 2016, he received his first ARY Film Award nomination for producing the 2015 biopic film Manto.
Baku Governorate
The Baku Governorate, known before 1859 as the Shemakha Governorate, was a province (guberniya) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, with its center in the booming metropolis and Caspian Sea port of Baku. Area (1897): 34,400 sq. versts, population (1897): 789,659. The Baku Governorate bordered Persia to the south, the Elizavetpol Governorate (the Tiflis and Erivan governorates before 1868) to the west, the Dagestan Oblast to the north, and the Baku gradonachalstvo to the east on the Absheron Peninsula.

Zangezur uezd
The Zangezur uezd was a county (uezd) of the Elizavetpol Governorate of the Russian Empire with its administrative center in Gerusy (present-day Goris) from 1868 until its formal abolition and partition between the Soviet republics of Armenia and Azerbaijan in 1921. The area of the Zangezur uezd corresponded to most of the contemporary Syunik province of Armenia, and Lachin, Gubadly, Zangilan, and the westernmost parts of Shusha districts of Azerbaijan.
Afridi
The Afrīdī (Pashto: اپريدی Aprīdai, plur. اپريدي Aprīdī; Urdu: آفریدی) are a Pashtun tribe present mostly in tribal areas in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

The Afridis are most dominant in the Spin Ghar range west of Peshawar in Tribal areas of modern-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, covering most of the Khyber Pass and Maidan in Tirah which is their Native Tribal Territory. They are the closest to Orakzai in their language, culture and geographic areas.

Ghilji
The Ghiljī (Pashto: غلجي, pronounced [ɣəlˈd͡ʒi]; Persian: خیلجی, romanized: Xelji) also spelled Khilji, Khalji, or Ghilzai and Ghilzay (غلزی), are one of the largest Pashtun tribes. Their traditional homeland is Ghazni and Qalati Ghilji in Afghanistan but they have also settled in other regions throughout the Afghanistan-Pakistan Pashtun belt. The modern nomadic Kochi people are predominantly made up of Ghilji tribes. The Ghilji make up around 20–25% of Afghanistan's total population.

They mostly speak the central dialect of Pashto with transitional features between the southern and northern varieties of Pashto.