hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bird migration
Bird migration is a seasonal movement of some birds between breeding and wintering grounds that occurs twice a year. It is typically from north to south or from south to north. Migration is inherently risky, due to predation and mortality.

The Arctic tern holds the long-distance migration record for birds, travelling between Arctic breeding grounds and the Antarctic each year. Some species of tubenoses, such as albatrosses, circle the Earth, flying over the southern oceans, while others such as Manx shearwaters migrate 14,000 km (8,700 mi) between their northern breeding grounds and the southern ocean. Shorter migrations are common, while longer ones are not. The shorter migrations include altitudinal migrations on mountains, including the Andes and Himalayas.

The timing of migration seems to be controlled primarily by changes in day length. Migrating birds navigate using celestial cues from the Sun and stars, the Earth's magnetic field, and mental maps.

Mute swan
The mute swan (Cygnus olor) is a species of swan and a member of the waterfowl family Anatidae. It is native to much of Europe and parts of Asia and (as a rare winter visitor) the far north of Africa. It is an introduced species in North America, home to the largest populations outside of its native range, with additional smaller introductions in Australasia and Southern Africa. The name "mute" derives from it being less vocal than other swan species. Measuring 125 to 160 cm (49 to 63 in) in length, this large swan is wholly white in plumage, with an orange beak bordered with black. It is recognisable by its pronounced knob atop the beak, which is larger in males.
Government of Texas
The government of Texas operates under the Constitution of Texas and consists of a unitary democratic state government operating under a presidential system that uses the Dillon Rule, as well as governments at the county and municipal levels.

Austin is the capital of Texas. The State Capitol resembles the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., but is faced in Texas pink granite and is topped by a statue of the "Goddess of Liberty" holding aloft a five-point Texas star. The capitol is also notable for purposely being built seven feet taller than the U.S. national capitol.

Government of Colorado
The government of Colorado is organized into three branches: the executive branch of the Governor, the legislative branch of the General Assembly, and the judicial branch of the Supreme Court and lower courts. This government was created by the Constitution of the State of Colorado, and allows for direct participation of the electorate by initiative, referendum, recall and ratification.
Oghuz District
Oghuz District (Azerbaijani: Oğuz rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the north of the country in the Shaki-Zagatala Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Shaki, Qabala, Agdash, and the Russian Republic of Dagestan. Its capital and largest city is Oghuz. As of 2020, the district had a population of 44,700.

Zagatala District
Zagatala District (Azerbaijani: Zaqatala rayonu; Avar: Закатала мухъ, romanized: Zakatala muq̇; Tsakhur: Закаталайни район, romanized: Zakatalayni rayon) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the north of the country and belongs to the Shaki-Zagatala Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Balakan, Qakh, as well as the Kakheti region of Georgia and the Russian Republic of Dagestan. Its capital and largest city is Zagatala. As of 2020, the district had a population of 129,800.
Billie Jean King Cup
The Billie Jean King Cup, abbreviated as the BJK Cup, is the premier international team competition in women's tennis, launched as the Federation Cup in 1963 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the International Tennis Federation (ITF). The name was changed to the Fed Cup in 1995, and changed again in September 2020 in honor of former World No. 1 Billie Jean King. The Billie Jean King Cup is the world's largest annual women's international team sports competition in terms of the number of nations that compete. The current chair is Katrina Adams.

The men's equivalent of the Billie Jean King Cup is the Davis Cup, and the Czech Republic, Australia, Russia, Italy and the United States are the only countries to have won both Cups in the same year.

Ecuador Billie Jean King Cup team
The Ecuador Billie Jean King Cup team represents Ecuador in Billie Jean King Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Federación Ecuatoriana de Tenis.  They currently compete in the Americas Zone of Group II.
Pasay
Pasay, officially the City of Pasay (Filipino: Lungsod ng Pasay; IPA: [ˈpaː.saɪ̯]), is a highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 453,186 people.

Due to its location just south of Manila, Pasay quickly became an urban town during the American colonial period. It is now best known for being the site of most of Ninoy Aquino International Airport and of complexes such as Newport City and the SM Central Business Park.

Cainta
Cainta, officially the Municipality of Cainta (Filipino: Bayan ng Cainta, IPA: [kɐʔɪnˈtaʔ]), is a municipality in the province of Rizal, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 386,321 people.

It is one of the oldest municipalities in Luzon (founded on August 15, 1571) and has a land area of 4,299 hectares (10,620 acres).  It is also 3rd most populous municipality in the country after Taytay, Rizal and Rodriguez, Rizal. Its total assets amounting to ₱3,988,392,142.17 makes it the richest municipality in the country in terms of income.
Liga Nacional de Fútbol de Honduras
Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional de Honduras, known as Liga Hondubet for sponsorship reasons (Honduran National Professional Football League) is the highest division of domestic football in Honduras. The league season is divided into Opening (autumn) and Closing (spring). One team is relegated to the Liga de Ascenso (the team with fewest points in Opening and Closing) and one team is promoted from Liga de Ascenso. The top four clubs participate in play-offs to decide the champion.

Chelato Uclés National Stadium
The Chelato Uclés National  Stadium (Spanish: Estadio Nacional Chelato Uclés) is a multi-purpose stadium in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. It is used mostly for association football matches. The stadium has a capacity of 35,000 and is the home of football clubs Motagua and Olimpia. This is one of the oldest stadiums in Honduras and has an important historical role for it, since emblematic matches in the history of Honduran Football have been held in this stadium, as well as concerts and presidential inaugurations.
Rugby Football Union
The Rugby Football Union (RFU) is the national governing body for rugby union in England. It was founded in 1871, and was the sport's international governing body prior to the formation of what is now known as World Rugby (WR) in 1886. It promotes and runs the sport, organises international matches for the England national team, and educates and trains players and officials.

The RFU is an industrial and provident society owned by over 2,000 member clubs, representing over 2.5 million registered players, and forms the largest rugby union society in the world, and one of the largest sports organisations in England. It is based at Twickenham Stadium, London.

In September 2010 the equivalent women's rugby body, the Rugby Football Union for Women (RFUW), was able to nominate a member to the RFU Council to represent women's and girls' rugby. The RFUW was integrated into the RFU in July 2012.

Sara Cox (referee)
Sara Louise Cox MBE is an English rugby union referee and former rugby union footballer. In 2016, she became the world's first professional female rugby union referee, and in 2018 she became the first woman to referee a Premiership Rugby Cup match. On 25 September 2021, she became the first woman to referee a Premiership Rugby Union Match when she took centre field for a fixture between Harlequins and Worcester Warriors at the Stoop.
Jessica Pegula
Jessica Pegula (born February 24, 1994) is an American professional tennis player. She has career-high rankings in singles of world No. 3, achieved in October 2022, and in doubles of world No. 1, set in September 2023. Pegula was a finalist at the 2024 US Open and at the 2023 WTA Finals. In doubles, she reached the final of the 2022 French Open, partnering with Coco Gauff, and the mixed doubles final of the 2023 US Open with Austin Krajicek.

Pegula has won ten singles titles and seven doubles titles on the WTA Tour, including four WTA 1000 titles in singles and two in doubles. She is a three-time Grand Slam singles semifinalist (twice at the US Open, once at the Australian Open), and has reached a total of nine Grand Slam singles quarterfinals across all four major tournaments. Representing her country, Pegula led the US team to victory in the inaugural 2023 United Cup, and to the final of the 2025 Billie Jean King Cup.

Anhelina Kalinina
Anhelina Serhiyivna Kalinina (Ukrainian: Ангеліна Сергіївна Калініна [ɐnɦeˈl⁽ʲ⁾inɐ serˈɦijiu̯nɐ kɐˈl⁽ʲ⁾in⁽ʲ⁾inɐ]; born 7 February 1997) is a Ukrainian professional tennis player. On 22 May 2023, she reached her career-high  WTA singles ranking of No. 25. She peaked at No. 92 in the doubles rankings in January 2025. She has won two singles titles on the WTA Challenger Tour, as well as 15 titles in singles and three in doubles on the ITF Circuit.
Missouri Valley Football Conference
The Missouri Valley Football Conference (MVFC), formerly the Gateway Football Conference, is a collegiate athletic conference which operates in the Midwestern United States. It participates in the NCAA's Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) as a football-only conference.

2023 NCAA Division I Football Championship Game
The 2023 NCAA Division I Football Championship Game was a college football game played on January 8, 2023, at Toyota Stadium in Frisco, Texas. The game determined the national champion of NCAA Division I FCS for the 2022 season, featuring the finalists of the 24-team playoff bracket, which began on November 26, 2022.

Top-ranked South Dakota State defeated conference rival North Dakota State 45–21 to gain their first national championship. Played on Sunday for the first time, the game began at 1:04 p.m. CST and was broadcast on ABC and ESPN+, opposite NFL regular season finales (week 18).
Afyonkarahisar
Afyonkarahisar (Turkish pronunciation: [ɑfˌjon.kɑˈɾɑhisɑɾ], Turkish: afyon 'poppy, opium', kara 'black', hisar 'fortress') is a major city in western Turkey. It is the administrative centre of Afyonkarahisar Province and Afyonkarahisar District. Its population is 328.319 (2024). Afyon is in the mountainous countryside inland from the Aegean coast, 250 km (155 mi) south-west of Ankara along the Akarçay River. In Turkey, Afyonkarahisar stands out as a capital city of hot springs and spas, an important junction of railway, highway and air traffic in West-Turkey, and the place where independence was won.
In addition, Afyonkarahisar is one of Turkey's leading provinces in agriculture, globally renowned for its marble and is the world's largest producer of pharmaceutical opium. In antiquity, the city was called Akroinon and it is the site of Afyonkarahisar Castle, built around 1350 BC.

Çorum
Çorum (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈtʃoɾum]) is a northern Anatolian city in Turkey. Çorum is located inland in the central Black Sea Region of Turkey and is approximately 244 km (152 mi) from Ankara and 608 km (378 mi) from Istanbul. It is the seat of Çorum Province and of Çorum District. Its population is 269,595 (2022). The city has an elevation of 801 m (2,628 ft) above sea level.

Çorum is primarily known for its Phrygian and Hittite archaeological sites, its thermal springs, and its native roasted chickpea snacks known nationally as leblebi.
Scholastic Corporation
Scholastic Corporation is an American multinational publishing, education, and media company that publishes and distributes books, comics, and educational materials for schools, teachers, parents, children, and other educational institutions. Products are distributed via retail and online sales and through schools via reading clubs and book fairs. Clifford the Big Red Dog, a character created by Norman Bridwell in 1963, is the mascot of Scholastic.

Suzanne Collins
Suzanne Collins (born August 10, 1962) is an American author and television writer who is best known as the author of the young adult dystopian book series The Hunger Games. She is also the author of the children's fantasy series The Underland Chronicles.
Gooseberry
Gooseberry (/ˈɡuːsbɛri/ GOOSS-berr-ee or /ˈɡuːzbɛri/ GOOZ-berr-ee (American and northern British) or /ˈɡʊzbəri/ GUUZ-bər-ee (southern British)) is a common name for many species of Ribes (which also includes currants), as well as a large number of plants of similar appearance, and also several unrelated plants (see List of gooseberries). The berries of those in the genus Ribes (sometimes placed in the genus Grossularia) are edible and may be green, orange, red, purple, yellow, white, or black.

Sambucus
Sambucus is a genus of between 20 and 30 species of flowering plants in the family Adoxaceae. The various species are commonly referred to as elder, with the flowers as elderflower, and the fruit as elderberry.
Neihu District
Neihu District is a district of Taipei City, Taiwan. Neihu means "inner lake." The older name originates from the Ketagalan word Tayour (transliterated by the Dutch as Cattajo), meaning woman's head ornament.

Many mountainous roads and paths, which are ideal for hiking, connect Neihu with the neighboring Shilin District and Yangmingshan National Park. The Tri-Service General Hospital, which is a teaching hospital of the National Defense Medical Center, is also in Neihu. The Wuchih Mountain Military Cemetery borders Neihu.

Beitou District
Beitou District is the northernmost of the twelve districts of Taipei City, Taiwan. The historical spelling of the district is Peitou. The name originates from the Ketagalan word Kipatauw, meaning witch. Beitou is the most mountainous and highest of Taipei's districts, encompassing a meadow with rivers running through the valley which have abundant steam rising from them; the result of geothermal warming.  The valley is often surrounded by mist shrouding the trees and grass. Beitou is famous for its hot springs. In March 2012, it was named one of the Top 10 Small Tourist Towns by the Tourism Bureau of Taiwan.
University of Salford
The University of Salford is a public research university located in Salford, Greater Manchester, England, 1 mile (1.6 kilometres) west of Manchester city centre. The Royal Technical Institute, Salford, which opened in 1896, became a College of Advanced Technology in 1956 and gained university status in 1967, following the Robbins Report into higher education.

It has 26,155 students (2023/24) and is in 160 acres (65 hectares) of parkland on the banks of the River Irwell.

University of Bradford
The University of Bradford is a public research university located in the city of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. A plate glass university, it received its royal charter in 1966, making it the 40th university to be created in Britain, but can trace its origins back to the establishment of the industrial West Yorkshire town's Mechanics Institute in 1832.

The student population includes 7,923 undergraduate and 3,742 postgraduate students. Mature students make up around a third of the undergraduate community. A total of 22% of students are foreign and come from over 110 countries. There were 14,406 applications to the university through UCAS in 2010, of which 3,421 were accepted.

It was the first British university to establish a Department of Peace Studies in 1973, which is currently the world's largest university centre for the study of peace and conflict.
Scherzo
A scherzo (/ˈskɛərtsoʊ/, UK also /ˈskɜːrt-/, Italian: [ˈskertso]; plural scherzos or scherzi), in western classical music, is a short composition – sometimes a movement from a larger work such as a symphony or a sonata. The precise definition has varied over the years, but scherzo often refers to a movement that replaces the minuet as the third movement in a four-movement work, such as a symphony, sonata, or string quartet. The term can also refer to a fast-moving humorous composition that may or may not be part of a larger work.

Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven)
The Symphony No. 5 in C minor, Op. 67 (occasionally known as the Fate Symphony, German: Schicksalssinfonie), is a symphony composed by Ludwig van Beethoven between 1804 and 1808. It is one of the best-known of all symphonies and one of the most frequently played. First performed in Vienna in 1808, the work achieved its strong critical reputation not long afterward; E. T. A. Hoffmann described it as "one of the most important works of the time".

The Fifth Symphony has four movements. It begins with a distinctive four-note "short-short-short-long" motif, often characterized as "fate knocking at the door", the Schicksals-Motiv (fate motif):
Colorado Springs, Colorado
Colorado Springs is the home rule city that is the county seat of, and the most populous city in, El Paso County, Colorado, United States. The city had a population of 478,961 at the 2020 census, a 15.02% increase since 2010. Colorado Springs is the second-most populous city and most extensive city in the state of Colorado, and the 40th-most-populous city in the United States. It is the principal city of the Colorado Springs metropolitan area, which had 755,105 residents in 2020, and the second-most prominent city of the Front Range Urban Corridor. It is located in east-central Colorado on Fountain Creek, 70 miles (113 km) south of Denver.

At 6,035 feet (1,839 m), the city stands over 1 mile (1.6 km) above sea level. It is near the base of Pikes Peak, which rises 14,115 feet (4,302.31 m) above sea level on the eastern edge of the Southern Rocky Mountains. The city is the largest city north of Mexico above 6,000 feet (1,800 m) in elevation.

Damon Allen (figure skater)
Damon Allen is an American former competitive figure skater who currently works as a coach and choreographer. He is the 1992 World Junior bronze medalist and a two-time Winter Universiade silver medalist. In July 2014, he married Enrique Viveros in Santa Fe, New Mexico.

Allen currently coaches at the World Arena Ice Hall in Colorado Springs, Colorado.

His current students include:

Amber Glenn

Elyce Lin-Gracey

Yuen Lap Kan

Phattaratida Kaneshige

Emilia Murdock

His former students include:

Joshua Farris

Liam Firus

Tomoki Hiwatashi
Abz Love
Richard Abidin Breen (born 29 June 1979), better known as Abz Love, is an English singer, rapper, and songwriter. Abz is a member of the boy band Five and was also a  member of the supergroup Boyz on Block.

In 2003, he released his debut solo album, Abstract Theory, which earned him a further three top-ten hits. In 2013, he appeared on All Star Mr & Mrs and became the runner-up for Channel 5's Celebrity Big Brother 12. In 2015, Love starred in BBC Two's documentary series Country Strife: Abz on the Farm, followed by a Christmas special titled Country Strife: Abz on the Christmas Farm.

Julian Gallagher
Julian Gallagher (born 17 July 1968 in Bromley, London) is a British songwriter and record producer, known for being a member of the music production/songwriting team Biffco. He has co-wrote and produced for many artists including Kylie Minogue on her 2001 album Fever, Gabrielle on her 2007 album Always, as well as co-writing many songs for boy band Five, including the chart-topping singles "Keep On Movin'" and "Let's Dance".

Other songs co-written by Gallagher include "Lullaby" for Mel B, and the UK chart-topper "What Took You So Long?" for fellow Spice Girls member Emma Bunton.

Although mainly a rhythm and lead guitarist, Gallagher is also proficient on keyboards, bass guitar and drums.  In addition to his own songwriting career, he has worked on many projects with his elder brother, producer and engineer Dillon Gallagher.

Gallagher's father is Scottish singer-songwriter Benny Gallagher, one half of the duo Gallagher and Lyle.
Liuvigild
Liuvigild, Leuvigild, Leovigild, or Leovigildo (Spanish and Portuguese; c. 519–586) was a Visigothic king of Hispania and Septimania from 569 to 586. Known for his Codex Revisus or Code of Leovigild, a law allowing equal rights between the Visigothic and Hispano-Roman population, his kingdom covered modern Spain down to Toledo and Portugal. Liuvigild ranks among the greatest Visigothic kings of the Arian period. He consolidated and expanded Visigothic power by defeating the Suebi, campaigning against the Byzantines in the south, and extending control over Basque territories. His legal reforms repealed prohibitions on intermarriage between Goths and Hispano-Romans, fostering greater unity within the kingdom.

Suintila
Suintila, or Suinthila, Swinthila, Svinthila; (588 – 633/635) was Visigothic King of Hispania, Septimania and Galicia from 621 to 631. He was a son of Reccared I and his wife Bado, and a brother of the general Geila. Under Suintila there was an unprecedented peace and unity across the Kingdom of the Visigoths. As a direct result, by 624 the king was able to muster the forces necessary to retake those lands that had been under the control of the Eastern Roman Empire.
1967–68 Scottish Division One
The 1967–68 Scottish Division One was won by Celtic by two points over city rivals Rangers. Motherwell and Stirling Albion finished 17th and 18th respectively and were relegated to the 1968-69 Second Division.

1969–70 Scottish Division One
The 1969–70 Scottish Division One was won by Celtic by twelve points over nearest rival Rangers. Raith Rovers and Partick Thistle finished 17th and 18th respectively and were relegated to the 1970-71 Second Division.
John I. Thornycroft & Company
50°53′43.44″N 1°22′56.76″W﻿ / ﻿50.8954000°N 1.3824333°W﻿ / 50.8954000; -1.3824333

John I. Thornycroft & Company Limited, usually known simply as Thornycroft, was a British shipbuilding firm founded by John Isaac Thornycroft in Chiswick in 1866. It moved to Woolston, Southampton, in 1908, merging in 1966 with Vosper & Company to form one organisation called Vosper Thornycroft. From 2002 to 2010 the company acquired several international and US-based defence and services companies, and changed name to the VT Group. In 2008 VT's UK shipbuilding and support operations were merged with those of BAE Systems to create BVT Surface Fleet.  In 2010 remaining parts of the company were absorbed by Babcock International who retained the UK and international operations, but sold the US based operations to the American Jordan Company, who took the name VT Group.

Defender-class torpedo boat
The colonial service Defender-class torpedo boats were designed by Thornycroft & Company for the defence of New Zealand, built at Chiswick in 1883 and shipped to New Zealand. They were quickly obsolete and were left to deteriorate in situ. The remains of the lead vessel in the class, Defender, are preserved at the Lyttelton Torpedo Boat Museum.
Gåte
Gåte (pronounced [ˈɡôːtə]; Norwegian for 'riddle') is a band from Trøndelag, Norway playing Norwegian folk music bred with metal and electronica. Their style has been referred to as progressive folk-rock. The band was put together by Sveinung Sundli (violin, keyboards) in 2000 and originally consisted of his younger sister Gunnhild Sundli (vocals), Gjermund Landrø (bass, backing vocals), Martin Langlie (drums) and Magnus Børmark (guitar, keyboards). Langlie was replaced by Kenneth Kapstad in 2004. They represented Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024 with the song "Ulveham".

Silvester Belt
Silvestras Beltė (Lithuanian pronunciation: [sʲɪlʲˈvʲɛstrɐs ˈbʲɛlʲtʲeː], born 26 November 1997), professionally known as Silvester Belt, is a Lithuanian singer and songwriter. He represented Lithuania at the Eurovision Song Contest 2024 with the song "Luktelk".