hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peter Rainier (Royal Navy officer, born 1741)
Admiral Peter Rainier (24 November 1741 – 7 April 1808) was a Royal Navy officer who served during the Seven Years' War, the American Revolutionary War and the Napoleonic Wars. From 1794 to 1805, Rainier was commander-in-chief of the Navy's East Indies Station, covering all seas between the Cape of Good Hope and the South China Sea.

Mount Rainier in the American state of Washington was named after him by George Vancouver.

French frigate Sibylle (1791)
Sibylle was a 38-gun Hébé-class frigate of the French Navy. She was launched in 1791 at the dockyards in Toulon and placed in service in 1792. After the 50-gun fourth rate HMS Romney captured her in 1794, the British took her into service as HMS Sybille. She served in the Royal Navy until disposed of in 1833. While in British service, Sybille participated in three notable single-ship actions, in each case capturing a French vessel. On anti-slavery duties off West Africa from July 1827 to June 1830, Sybille captured many slavers and freed some 3,500 slaves. She was sold in 1833 in Portsmouth.
Llanybydder
Llanybydder (Welsh pronunciation: [ˌɬanəˈbəðɛr], formerly spelt Llanybyther, is a market town and community straddling the River Teifi in Carmarthenshire, West Wales. At the 2011 Census, the population of the community was 1638, an increase from 1423 at the 2001 Census.

Llanybydder is situated around 5 miles (8 km) southwest of Lampeter where the University of Wales Trinity Saint David is located. The Mynydd Llanllwni (383m), Mynydd Llanybydder (408m) and Mynydd Pencarreg (415m) mountains are located to the south and east of Llanybydder.

Llanwenog
Llanwenog is a village and community in Ceredigion, Wales. In 2011 the population of Llanwenog was 1,364, of whom 57.0% were able to speak Welsh. The community includes the villages of Alltyblacca, Gorsgoch, Cwmsychbant, Cwrtnewydd, Highmead, Aber, Drefach and Rhuddlan.

St Gwenog Church  is a Grade I listed building. A Medieval structure, it is the only church dedicated to St Gwenog. The tower was added after 1485 for Rhys ap Thomas (died 1525) of Dinefwr and Carew.

The Llanwenog sheep is a breed of domestic sheep originating in Wales, which was developed in the 19th century.
Concurrency (road)
In a road network, a concurrency is an instance of one physical roadway bearing two or more different route numbers. The practice is often economically and practically advantageous when multiple routes must pass between a single mountain crossing or over a bridge, or through a major city, and can be accommodated by a single right-of-way. Each route number is typically posted on highways signs where concurrencies are allowed, while some jurisdictions simplify signage by posting one priority route number on highway signs. In the latter circumstance, other route numbers disappear when the concurrency begins and reappear when it ends. In most cases, each route in a concurrency is recognized by maps and atlases.

Mississippi Highway 35
Mississippi Highway 35 (MS 35) is a state highway in Mississippi. It runs north–south for 274.7 miles (442.1 km), beginning at the Louisiana state line and ending at a junction with MS 315 at Sardis Dam. MS 35 serves the counties of Marion, Jefferson Davis, Covington, Smith, Scott, Leake, Attala, Carroll, Grenada, Tallahatchie, and Panola.
Cosenza
Cosenza (Italian: [koˈzɛntsa] ⓘ; Cosentian: Cusenza, [kuˈsɛndza]) is a city and comune (municipality) located in the region of Calabria in southern Italy. The city has a population of 63,240, making it the 5th-largest city in Calabria, while the urban area counts more than 250,000 inhabitants. It is the capital of the province of Cosenza, which has a population of more than 700,000.

The ancient town is the seat of the Cosentian Academy, one of the oldest academies of philosophical and literary studies in Italy and Europe. To this day, Cosenza remains a cultural hub, with several museums, monuments, theatres and libraries. The modern city is the centre of an urban agglomeration including, among others, the municipality of Rende, where the University of Calabria is located.

Morano Calabro
Morano Calabro (Moranese: Murenu [muˈrɛːnu]) is a town and comune in the province of Cosenza in the Calabria region of southern Italy. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy"). It was  the birthplace of mathematician Gaetano Scorza and Economist Oswaldo Caffaro Faillace, a condecorated telegraphist in WWII, who saved numerous lives by advising of the unexpected approach of bombarders.
Frank Wess
Frank Wellington Wess (January 4, 1922 – October 30, 2013) was an American jazz saxophonist and flutist. He was renowned for his extensive solo work; however, he was also remembered for his time playing with Count Basie's band during the early 1950s into the early 1960s. Critic Scott Yanow described him as one of the premier proteges of Lester Young, and a leading jazz flutist of his era—using the latter instrument to bring new colors to Basie's music.

Nancy Wilson (jazz singer)
Nancy Sue Wilson (February 20, 1937 – December 13, 2018) was an American singer whose career spanned over five decades, from the mid-1950s until her retirement in the early 2010s. She was especially notable for her single "(You Don't Know) How Glad I Am" and her version of the standard "Guess Who I Saw Today". Wilson recorded more than 70 albums and won three Grammy Awards for her work. During her performing career, Wilson was labeled a singer of blues, jazz, R&B, pop, and soul; a "consummate actress"; and "the complete entertainer". The title she preferred, however, was "song stylist". She received many nicknames including "Sweet Nancy", "The Baby", "Fancy Miss Nancy" and "The Girl With the Honey-Coated Voice".
Sugar plantations in the Caribbean
Sugar plantations in the Caribbean were a major part of the economy of Caribbean islands in the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries. Most islands were covered with sugarcane fields and mills for refining the crop. The main source of labor, until the abolition of chattel slavery, was enslaved Africans. After the abolition of slavery, indentured laborers from India, China, Portugal and other places were brought to the Caribbean to work in the sugar industry. The plantations produced 80 to 90 percent of the sugar consumed in Western Europe, later supplanted by European-grown sugar beet.

Slave Compensation Act 1837
The Slave Compensation Act 1837 (1 & 2 Vict. c. 3) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, signed into law on 23 December 1837.

Together with the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 (3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 73), it authorized the Commissioners for the Reduction of the National Debt to compensate slave owners in the British colonies in the amount of approximately £20 million for the freeing of slaves. Based on a government census of 1 August 1834, more than 40,000 awards to slave owners were issued. Since some of the payments were converted into 3.5% government annuities, they lasted until 2015. Most were sold and the money sent abroad for investment.
Rhamnus (plant)
Rhamnus is a genus of about 140 accepted species of shrubs or small trees, commonly known as buckthorns, in the family Rhamnaceae. Its species range from 1 to 10 m (3 to 33 ft) tall (rarely to 15 m, 50 ft) and are native mainly in east Asia and North America, but found throughout the temperate and subtropical Northern Hemisphere, and also more locally in the subtropical Southern Hemisphere in parts of Africa and South America.

Both deciduous and evergreen species occur. The leaves are simple, 3 to 15 cm (1 to 6 in) long, and arranged alternately, in opposite pairs, or almost paired (subopposite). One distinctive character of many buckthorns is the way the veination curves upward towards the tip of the leaf. The plant bears fruits which are black or red berry-like drupes. The name is due to the woody spine on the end of each twig in many species. One species is known to have potential to be used medicinally.

Holly
Ilex (/ˈaɪlɛks/) or holly is a genus of over 570 species of flowering plants in the family Aquifoliaceae, and the only living genus in that family. Ilex has the most species of any woody dioecious angiosperm genus. The species are evergreen or deciduous trees, shrubs, and climbers from tropics to temperate zones worldwide. The type species is Ilex aquifolium, the common European holly used in Christmas decorations and cards.
2020–21 UEFA Nations League A
The 2020–21 UEFA Nations League A was the top division of the 2020–21 edition of the UEFA Nations League, the second season of the international football competition involving the men's national teams of the 55 member associations of UEFA. League A culminated with the Nations League Finals in October 2021 to determine the champions of the competition.

Portugal were the defending champions, having won the inaugural 2019 finals. However, they failed to qualify for the 2021 finals after finishing second in their group behind France. None of the teams that had qualified for the previous UEFA Nations League Finals qualified for the 2021 edition.

France won the final 2–1 against Spain for their first UEFA Nations League title.

2020–21 UEFA Nations League B
The 2020–21 UEFA Nations League B was the second division of the 2020–21 edition of the UEFA Nations League, the second season of the international football competition involving the men's national teams of the 55 member associations of UEFA.
Diving (sport)
Diving is the sport of jumping or falling into water from a platform or springboard, usually while performing acrobatics. Diving is an internationally recognised sport that is part of the Olympic Games.  In addition, unstructured and non-competitive diving is a recreational pastime.

Competitors possess many of the same characteristics as gymnasts and dancers, including strength, flexibility, kinaesthetic judgement and air awareness. Some professional divers were originally gymnasts or dancers as both the sports have similar characteristics to diving. Dmitri Sautin holds the record for most Olympic diving medals won, by winning eight medals in total between 1992 and 2008.

Émilie Heymans
Émilie-Joane Heymans (born December 14, 1981) is a Canadian diver. She was born in Brussels, Belgium and raised in Greenfield Park, a suburb of Montreal. Heymans has won four Olympic medals, two bronze and two silver. She was the first female diver to win medals in four consecutive Olympic games and the first Canadian to win medals in four consecutive Olympics. Heymans also is a one time world champion and has won four Pan American championships as well as one Commonwealth Games championship. In addition she has won multiple medals in all three of these competitions.
Banana Republic
Banana Republic is an American upscale clothing and accessories retailer owned by The Gap. It was founded in 1978 by Mel and Patricia Ziegler, who originally called the company "Banana Republic Travel & Safari Clothing Company". In 1983, Gap purchased the company, changed the name to "Banana Republic", and rebranded the stores to achieve a more upscale image. In the 2020s, VP of design Nicole Wiesmann has re-envisioned the brand with ad editorial campaigns that evoke luxury brands, and higher-end garments that have been compared favorably with names such as Ralph Lauren and The Row.

Bloomingdale's
Bloomingdale's Inc. is an upmarket American department store chain founded in 1861 by Joseph Bloomingdale and Lyman Bloomingdale. It was acquired by Federated Department Stores in 1930.  Federated purchased Macy's department store chain in 1994 and was renamed Macy's, Inc. in 2007.

As of 2024, Bloomingdale's had a total of 32 directly-owned department stores, 21 outlet stores and 4 Bloomie's by Bloomingdale's concept stores. Nordstrom is its primary competitor.  Internationally, Bloomingdale's has 3 franchised stores in Dubai and Kuwait.

Comparable sales rose 9% in the third quarter of 2025 — the strongest gain in 13 quarters. In 2025 and 2026, the company added  brands including Chloé, Burberry, Casablanca, Bottega Veneta, Jacquemus, Khaite, Roger Vivier, Skims, and Zimmermann. Its headquarters and flagship store are located at 59th Street and Lexington Avenue in  Manhattan, New York City. Its CEO is Olivier Bron.
Professional wrestling match types
Many types of wrestling matches, sometimes called "gimmick matches" in the jargon of the business, are performed in professional wrestling. Some gimmick matches are more common than others and are often used to advance or conclude a storyline. Throughout professional wrestling's decades-long history, some gimmick matches have spawned many variations of the core concept.

Maniaco
Maniaco (born May 20, 1966) is a Mexican Luchador, or professional wrestler best known for being a part of the Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA) group Los Vipers. He currently works for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), although the storyline portrays him as an outsider, part of Los Independientes. Maniaco is a former four time holder of the Mexican National Atómicos Championship along with Histeria, Mosco de la Merced II and Psicosis II.
Porto Torres
Porto Torres (Sassarese: Posthudorra; Sardinian: Portu Turre) is a comune (municipality) and a city of the Metropolitan City of Sassari in north-west of Sardinia, Italy. Founded during the 1st century BC as Colonia Iulia Turris Libisonis, it was the first Roman colony of the entire island. It is situated on the coast at about 25 kilometres (16 mi) east of Falcone Cape and in the center of the Gulf of Asinara. The port of Porto Torres is the second biggest seaport of the island, followed by the port of Olbia. The town is very close to the main city of Sassari, where the local university takes office.

Alghero
Alghero (Italian: [alˈɡɛːro]; Algherese: L'Alguer [lalˈɣe]; Sardinian: S'Alighera [saliˈɣɛɾa]; Sassarese: L'Aliera [laˈljɛːɾa]) is a city and comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Sassari in the north west of the autonomous island region of Sardinia in Italy, next to the Mediterranean Sea. With a population of 41,989, it is the 5th-largest city in Sardinia.

The population is noted for having retained the language of the Crown of Aragon rulers from the end of the Middle Ages, when Sardinia was part of the Crown of Aragon; hence, Algherese (the Catalan dialect spoken there) is officially recognized as a minority language.

Alghero is the third university center in the island, coming after Cagliari and Sassari. It hosts the headquarters of the Università degli Studi di Sassari's Architecture and Design department.
Transpose
In linear algebra, transposition is an operation that flips a matrix over its diagonal; that is, transposition switches the row and column indices of the matrix A to produce another matrix, called the transpose of A and often denoted AT (among other notations).

The transpose of a matrix was introduced in 1858 by the British mathematician Arthur Cayley.

Covariance matrix
In probability theory and statistics, a covariance matrix (also known as auto-covariance matrix, dispersion matrix, variance matrix, or variance–covariance matrix) is a square matrix giving the covariance between each pair of elements of a given random vector.

Intuitively, the covariance matrix generalizes the notion of variance to multiple dimensions. As an example, the variation in a collection of random points in two-dimensional space cannot be characterized fully by a single number, nor would the variances in the  and  directions contain all of the necessary information; a  matrix would be necessary to fully characterize the two-dimensional variation.

Any covariance matrix is symmetric and positive semi-definite and its main diagonal contains variances (i.e., the covariance of each element with itself).

The covariance matrix of a random vector  is typically denoted by ,  or .
Arsenal de Sarandí
Arsenal Fútbol Club (Spanish pronunciation: [aɾseˈnal ˈfuðβol ˈkluβ]), usually referred as Arsenal de Sarandí [aɾseˈnal de saɾanˈdi], or simply Arsenal, is an Argentine sports club from the Sarandí district of Avellaneda Partido, Greater Buenos Aires.The football team currently plays in Primera B Metropolitana, the third division of the Argentine football league system.

The squad plays its home games at the Estadio Julio H. Grondona, named after one of the founders, which has a capacity of 18,500. It opened in 1964 but was not used in the First Division until 2004. The club's colours are red and light blue, in honour of the traditional teams of Avellaneda (Independiente and Racing). Arsenal won its first Primera División championship in 2012. Until then, club's major title had been the Copa Sudamericana win in 2007.

Apart from football, the club hosts other sports such as field hockey, futsal, and handball.

Primera C Metropolitana
The Primera C Metropolitana is one of the two professional leagues that form the fourth level of the Argentine football league system. Primera C Metropolitana is made up of 20 clubs, mainly from the city of Buenos Aires and its metropolitan area (Greater Buenos Aires).

The other league at level four is the Torneo Federal B, where teams from regional leagues take part.
Lexington, Virginia
Lexington is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 7,320. It is the county seat of Rockbridge County, although the two are separate jurisdictions, and is combined with it for statistical purposes by the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Lexington is within the Shenandoah Valley about 57 miles (92 km) east of the West Virginia border and is about 50 miles (80 km) north of Roanoke, Virginia. First settled in 1778, Lexington is best known as the home of the Virginia Military Institute and Washington and Lee University.

Interstate 64
Interstate 64 (I-64) is an east–west Interstate Highway in the Eastern United States. Its western terminus is at I-70, U.S. Route 40 (US 40), and US 61 in Wentzville, Missouri. Its eastern terminus is at the Bowers Hill Interchange with I-264 and I-664 at Bower's Hill in Chesapeake, Virginia. I-64 connects Greater St. Louis, the Louisville metropolitan area, the Lexington–Fayette metropolitan area, the Charleston, WV metropolitan area, the Greater Richmond Region, and Hampton Roads.
King of Pro-Wrestling (2012)
King of Pro-Wrestling (2012) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event promoted by New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). The event took place on October 8, 2012, in Tokyo at Ryōgoku Kokugikan. The event featured nine matches, five of which were contested for championships.

It was the first event under the King of Pro-Wrestling name, and the first NJPW PPV that could be bought outside Japan through Ustream.

Wrestling Dontaku 2012
Wrestling Dontaku 2012 was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event promoted by New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). The event took place on May 3, 2012, in Fukuoka, Fukuoka, at the Fukuoka Kokusai Center. The event featured nine matches, three of which were contested for championships. It was the ninth event under the Wrestling Dontaku name.
Municipalities of Japan
Municipalities are a level of administration in Japan. The country has three levels of governments: national, prefectural, and municipal.

The nation is divided into 47 prefectures (within these, one metropolis, one regional prefecture, and two urban prefectures). Each prefecture consists of numerous municipalities, with 1,718 in total as of October 2018.

There are four types of municipalities in Japan: cities (市, shi), towns (町, chō), villages (村, son) and special wards of Tokyo (区, ku). In Japanese, this system is known as shikuchōson (市区町村), where each kanji in the word represents one of the four types of municipalities. In Tokyo, because the wards are at the center, the system is officially referred to as kushichōson (区市町村), with the wards first, and cities second.

Some designated cities also have further administrative subdivisions, also known as wards, but, unlike the special wards of Tokyo, these wards are not municipalities.

Takuma, Kagawa
Takuma (詫間町, Takuma-chō) was a town located in Mitoyo District, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 15,179 and a density of 488.23 persons per km2. The total area was 31.09 km2.

On January 1, 2006, Takuma, along with the towns of Mino, Nio, Saita, Takase, Toyonaka and Yamamoto (all from Mitoyo District), was merger to create the city of Mitoyo and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
Barcelonès
Barcelonès (Catalan pronunciation: [bəɾsəluˈnɛs]) is the most populated comarca of Catalonia, Spain. It contains Barcelona, which is the capital of Catalonia and of the comarca itself, and four adjacent inner suburbs.

Notwithstanding, the comarca does not have a governing comarcal council; it was dissolved in 2019. Its functions had been and are superseded by the Metropolitan Council of the Barcelona Metropolitan Area (AMB), which include representatives from municipalities further outside the comarca itself. All combined, Barcelonès municipalities send 39 councilors out of the Metropolitan Council's 90, making up more than 43% of the council voting power.

Besòs (river)
The Besòs (Catalan pronunciation: [bəˈzɔs]; Spanish: Besós) is a river flowing through Catalonia, Spain, formed by the confluence of the Mogent and Congost rivers. It ends in the Mediterranean. Its full watershed includes the following cities: Aiguafreda, La Garriga, Sant Fost de Campsantelles, Canovelles, Granollers, Montmeló, Mollet del Vallès, Montcada i Reixac, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona and Sant Adrià de Besòs. Due to its Mediterranean climate, the river can have extreme discrepancies in flow depending on the weather.
Huesca
Huesca (Spanish: [ˈweska]; Aragonese: Uesca) is a city in north-eastern Spain, within the autonomous community of Aragon. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Aragon between 1096 and 1118. It is also the capital of the Spanish province of the same name and of the comarca of Hoya de Huesca. In 2009, it had a population of 52,059, almost a quarter of the total population of the province. The city is one of the smallest provincial capitals in Spain.

Huesca celebrates its main festival, the Fiestas de San Lorenzo, in honor of Saint Lawrence, from 9 to 15 August.

Sancho Ramírez
Sancho Ramírez (c. 1042 – 4 June 1094) was King of Aragon from 1063 until 1094 and King of Pamplona from 1076 under the name of Sancho V (Basque: Antso V.a Ramirez). He was the eldest son of Ramiro I and Ermesinda of Bigorre. His father was the first king of Aragon and an illegitimate son of Sancho III of Pamplona. He inherited the Aragonese crown from his father in 1063. Sancho Ramírez was chosen king of Pamplona by Navarrese noblemen after Sancho IV was murdered by his siblings.
Karst
Karst (/kɑːrst/) is a topography formed from the dissolution of soluble carbonate rocks such as limestone and dolomite. It is characterized by features like poljes above and drainage systems with sinkholes and caves underground. There is some evidence that karst may occur in more weathering-resistant rocks such as quartzite given the right conditions.

Subterranean drainage may limit surface water, with few if any rivers or lakes. In regions where the dissolved bedrock is covered (perhaps by debris) or confined by one or more superimposed non-soluble rock strata, distinctive karst features may occur only at subsurface levels and can be totally missing above ground.

The study of paleokarst (buried karst in the stratigraphic column) is important in petroleum geology because as much as 50% of the world's hydrocarbon reserves are hosted in carbonate rock, and much of this is found in porous karst systems.

Postojna Cave
Postojna Cave (Slovene: Postojnska jama; German: Adelsberger Grotte; Italian: Grotte di Postumia) is a 24.34 km (15.12 mi) long karst cave system near Postojna, southwestern Slovenia. It is the second-longest cave system in the country (following the Migovec System) as well as one of its top tourism sites. The caves were created by the Pivka River.