hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Rothman (statistician)
David Rothman (August 9, 1935 – June 12, 2004) was an American statistician, public policy advisor, and the creator of a computerized college football ranking system.

Rothman was the founder and executive director of the Foundation for the Analysis of Competitions and Tournaments (FACT), an organization and computer ranking used to select college football national champions.

The NCAA recognizes Rothman (FACT) as a "major selector" of college football national championships for the years 1968–2006. The Bowl Championship Series, for the 1999–2001 college football seasons, used FACT as one of the computer polls used to select participants for the BCS National Championship Game.

National Championship Foundation
The National Championship Foundation (NCF) was established by Mike Riter of Hudson, New York. The NCF retroactively selected college football national champions for each year from 1869 to 1979, and its selections are among the historic national champions recognized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in its Football Bowl Subdivision record book.
Sumy
Sumy (Ukrainian: Суми, IPA: [ˈsumɪ] ⓘ, Russian: Сумы) is a city in northeastern Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Sumy Oblast. The city is situated on the banks of the Psel River and has a population of 256,474 (2022 estimate), making it the 23rd-largest in the country.

The city of Sumy was founded in the 1650s by Cossacks within the historical region of Sloboda Ukraine. The city experienced rapid development starting from the second half of the 19th century and became a centre of sugar, machine building, metalworking and textile industry, as well as an important trade fair location. Today Sumy is one of the chief industrial and cultural centres in Northern Ukraine.

Sudzha
Sudzha (Russian: Суджа, [ˈsudʐə]) is a town and the administrative center of Sudzhansky District in Kursk Oblast, Russia, located on the Sudzha and Oleshnya rivers 105 kilometers (65 mi) southwest of Kursk, the administrative center of the oblast. It has a population of 5,127 people. It is the natural gas exchange feeder where the Trans-Siberian pipeline meets the Brotherhood pipeline. The town was occupied by Ukrainian forces between August 15, 2024 and March 12, 2025 as a result of an incursion into the region.
Chicago Union Giants
Chicago Union Giants, were a Negro league baseball team that competed independently in Illinois and the surrounding states during the first half of the 20th century.

The team was originally formed in 1901 by Frank Leland via a merge of players from the Chicago Unions and the Chicago Columbia Giants. In 1904, W. S. Peters, the manager of the Chicago Unions and Leland's old teammate and business partner, organized a competing Union Giants team. Leland objected to Peters' use of the name and threatened to take the matter to the courts. Before the 1905 season however, Leland instead renamed his team the Leland Giants which allowed Peters to use the Union Giants name without opposition.

Starting with the 1905 season, W.S. Peters' team was known as Peters’ Union Giants but more often, were simply called the Chicago Union Giants. Peters, followed by his son, Frank Peters, kept the Chicago Union Giants going until the 1940s.

Indianapolis ABCs
The Indianapolis ABCs were a Negro league baseball team that played both as an independent club and as a charter member of the first Negro National League (NNL).  They claimed the western championship of black baseball in 1915 and 1916, and finished second in the 1922 NNL.  Among their best players were Baseball Hall of Fame members Oscar Charleston, Biz Mackey,  and Ben Taylor.
Quebec City
Quebec City (French: Ville de Québec) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec. As of July 2021, the city had a population of 549,459, and the Census Metropolitan Area (including surrounding communities) had a population of 839,311. It is the twelfth-largest city and the seventh-largest metropolitan area in Canada. It is also the second-largest city in the province, after Montreal. It has a humid continental climate with warm summers coupled with cold and snowy winters.

Explorer Samuel de Champlain founded a French settlement here in 1608, and adopted the Algonquin name. Quebec City is one of the oldest European settlements in North America. The ramparts surrounding Old Quebec (Vieux-Québec) are the only fortified city walls remaining in the Americas north of Mexico. This area was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985 as the "Historic District of Old Québec".

International Ice Hockey Federation
The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF; French: Fédération internationale de hockey sur glace; German: Internationale Eishockey-Föderation) is a worldwide governing body for ice hockey. It is based in Zurich, Switzerland, and has 84 member countries.

The IIHF maintains the IIHF World Ranking based on international ice hockey tournaments. Rules of play for IIHF events differ from hockey in North America and the rules of the National Hockey League (NHL). Decisions of the IIHF can be appealed through the Court of Arbitration for Sport in Lausanne, Switzerland. The IIHF maintains its own hall of fame for international ice hockey. The IIHF Hall of Fame was founded in 1997, and has been located within the Hockey Hall of Fame since 1998.

Previously, the IIHF also managed the development of inline hockey; however, in June 2019, the IIHF announced that they would no longer govern inline hockey or organize the Inline Hockey World Championships.
Chemical industry
The chemical industry comprises the companies and other organizations that develop and produce industrial, specialty and other chemicals. Central to the modern world economy, the chemical industry converts raw materials (oil, natural gas, air, water, metals, and minerals) into commodity chemicals for industrial and consumer products. It includes industries for petrochemicals such as polymers for plastics and synthetic fibers; inorganic chemicals such as acids and alkalis; agricultural chemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides; and other categories such as industrial gases, speciality chemicals and pharmaceuticals.

Various professionals are involved in the chemical industry including chemical engineers, chemists and lab technicians.

Synthetic rubber
A synthetic rubber is an artificial elastomer. They are polymers synthesized from petroleum byproducts. About 32 million tonnes (35 million short tons; 31 million long tons) of rubber is produced annually in the United States, and of that amount two thirds are synthetic. Synthetic rubber, just like natural rubber, has many uses in the automotive industry for tires, door and window profiles, seals such as O-rings and gaskets, hoses, belts, matting, and flooring. They offer a different range of physical and chemical properties which can improve the reliability of a given product or application. Synthetic rubbers are superior to natural rubbers in two major respects: thermal stability, and resistance to oils and related compounds.  They are more resistant to oxidizing agents, such as oxygen and ozone which can reduce the life of products like tires.
National Park Service
The National Park Service (NPS) is an agency of the United States federal government, within the United States Department of the Interior. The service manages all national parks; most national monuments; and other natural, historical, and recreational properties, with various title designations. The United States Congress created the agency on August 25, 1916, through the National Park Service Organic Act. Its headquarters is in Washington, D.C., within the main headquarters of the Department of the Interior.

The NPS employs about 20,000 people in 433 units covering over 85 million acres (0.34 million km2) in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories. In 2019, the service had more than 279,000 volunteers. The agency is charged with preserving the ecological and historical integrity of the places entrusted to its management and with making them available for public use and enjoyment.

Boston National Historical Park
The Boston National Historical Park is an association of sites that showcase Boston's role in the American Revolution and other parts of history. It was designated a national park on October 1, 1974. Seven of the eight sites are connected by the Freedom Trail, a walking tour of downtown Boston. All eight properties are National Historic Landmarks.

Five of the sites that make up the park are neither owned nor operated by the National Park Service, and operate through cooperative agreements established upon the park's creation. The park service operates visitor centers in Faneuil Hall and at the Charlestown Navy Yard.

Boston National Historical Park, along with Boston African American and Boston Harbor Islands, comprise the National Parks of Boston, all under the same superintendent.
Golden Melody Award for Best Male Mandarin Singer
The Golden Melody Award for Best Male Mandarin Singer (Chinese: 金曲獎最佳華語男歌手獎) is an award given by the Ministry of Culture of Taiwan. It was first presented in 1990 as Best Male Singer.

The award has been won by Eason Chan and Johnny Yin the most times, with three wins. Wang Leehom is the artist with the most nominations with nine.

33rd Golden Melody Awards
The 33rd Golden Melody Awards (Chinese: 第33屆金曲獎) took place in Kaohsiung Arena, Kaohsiung, Taiwan in 2022, which marked its return at Kaohsiung City since the 16th edition. The award ceremony for the popular music categories was hosted by Daniel Lo and broadcast on TTV on 2 July 2022.

Tanya Chua received the most nominations with eight and won three major awards for Best Female Mandarin Singer, Best Mandarin Album and Album of the Year. She is the first singer to ever win Best Mandarin Album and Album of the Year at the same time, after the award was reintroduced in the 28th Golden Melody Awards. Chua is now the holder of "Most Wins for a Performer" in the Best Female Mandarin Singer category.
Bundoran
Bundoran (Irish: Bun Dobhráin) is a town in County Donegal, Ireland. The town includes the townland of Magheracar, in which was located Bundrowes (Bun Drobhaoise), a Franciscan house that served as the principal base of Mícheál Ó Cléirigh during the compilation of the Annals of the Four Masters in the 1630s.

The town is located near the N15 road close to Ballyshannon, and is the most southerly town in Donegal. The town is a tourist seaside resort, and tourism has been at the heart of the local economy since the 18th century. Bundoran is a surfing destination and was listed by National Geographic magazine in 2012 as one of the world's top 20 surf towns.

Manorhamilton
Manorhamilton (Irish: Cluainín (Uí Ruairc)) is the second-largest town in County Leitrim, Ireland. It is located on the N16 26 kilometres (16 mi) from Sligo and  41 kilometres (25 mi) from Enniskillen.
Ceremonial ship launching
Ceremonial ship launching involves the performing of ceremonies associated with the process of transferring a vessel to the water. It is a nautical tradition in many cultures, dating back millennia, to accompany the physical process with ceremonies which have been observed as public celebration and a solemn blessing, usually but not always, in association with the launch itself.

Ship launching imposes stresses on the ship not met during normal operation and in addition to the size and weight of the vessel represents a considerable engineering challenge as well as a public spectacle. The process also involves many traditions intended to invite good luck, such as christening by breaking a sacrificial bottle of champagne over the bow as the ship is named aloud and launched.

Chilean submarine Guacolda
The Chilean submarine Guacolda (also spelled as Gualcolda in some sources) was an H-class submarine of the Chilean Navy. The vessel was originally ordered by the United Kingdom's Royal Navy as HMS H13, but was handed over to Chile in 1917 as H1.
Astrometry
Astrometry is a branch of astronomy that involves precise measurements of the positions and movements of stars and other celestial bodies. It provides the kinematics and physical origin of the Solar System and this galaxy, the Milky Way.

Astronomical transit
In astronomy, a transit (or astronomical transit) is the passage of a celestial body directly between a larger body and the observer. As viewed from a particular vantage point, the transiting body appears to move across the face of the larger body, covering a small portion of it.

The word "transit" refers to cases where the nearer object appears smaller than the more distant object. Cases where the nearer object appears larger and completely hides the more distant object are known as occultations.

However, the probability of seeing a transiting planet is low because it is dependent on the alignment of the three objects in a nearly perfectly straight line. Many parameters of  a planet and its parent star can be determined based on the transit.
2020–21 FA Cup
The 2020–21 FA Cup was the 140th edition of the oldest football tournament in the world, the Football Association Challenge Cup. It was sponsored by Emirates and known as the Emirates FA Cup for sponsorship purposes. The winners qualified for the 2021–22 UEFA Europa League group stage.

Premier League side Arsenal were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the fourth round by Southampton.

Leicester City beat Chelsea 1–0 in the final to win their first FA Cup, having been runners-up on four previous occasions.

2020–21 EFL Trophy
The 2020–21 EFL Trophy, known as the Leasing.com Trophy before 28 October 2020 and later the Papa John's Trophy for sponsorship reasons, was the 40th season in the history of the competition, a knock-out tournament for English football clubs in League One and League Two of the English football system, and also including 16 Premier League and Championship "Academy teams" with Category One status.

Salford City were the defending champions; however, the 2020 final was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic until the day prior to the 2021 final. Hence, for most of the tournament, Portsmouth (who won the 2019 final and were also in the 2020 final) were the most recent champions.

Sunderland won the trophy for the first time after beating Tranmere Rovers 1–0 in the final.
Christos Dantis
Christos Dantis (Greek: Χρήστος Δάντης; born Christos Vlachakis (Χρήστος Βλαχάκης); 26 September 1966), is a Greek multi-instrumentalist, singer, songwriter, lyricist, and record producer best known for his hits such as "To Palio Mou Palto" and "Ena Tragoudi Akoma" and later for co-writing the song "My Number One" for Elena Paparizou, winning the Eurovision Song Contest 2005 for Greece.

Yassou Maria
"Yassou Maria" (Greek: Γειά σου Μαρία) is a song recorded by Cypriot-British singer Sarbel, with music composed by Alex Papakonstantinou and Marcus Englöf and lyrics written by Markus Sepehrmanesh. It represented Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2007, held in Helsinki, placing seventh.

It was released as a CD single on 7 March 2007 by Sony BMG Greece, going gold in Greece on 7 June 2007.
Pionki
Pionki [ˈpʲɔŋkʲi] is a town in Radom County, Masovian Voivodeship, central Poland with 18,846 inhabitants (2016). Surrounded by the Kozienice Wilderness, Pionki is located in northern part of historic province of Lesser Poland, 20 kilometres (12 miles) from Radom, and 105 kilometres (65 miles) from Warsaw.

Starachowice
Starachowice [staraxɔˈvʲit͡sɛ] ⓘ is a city in southeastern Poland (historic Lesser Poland), with 49,513 inhabitants (31.12.2017). It is the capital of Starachowice County in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. It is situated upon the River Kamienna, a tributary of the Vistula River, among hills and forests.
Atherton Tableland
The Atherton Tableland is a fertile plateau, which is part of the Great Dividing Range in Queensland, Australia. It has very deep, rich basaltic soils and the main industry is agriculture. The principal river flowing across the plateau is the Barron River, which was dammed to form the irrigation reservoir named Lake Tinaroo.  Unlike many other rural areas, the Tablelands is experiencing a significant growth in population.

Cape Tribulation, Queensland
Cape Tribulation (Kuku-Yalanji: Kulki) is a headland and coastal locality in the Shire of Douglas in northern Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Cape Tribulation had a population of 123 people.
Refraction
In physics, refraction is the redirection of a wave as it passes from one medium to another. The redirection can be caused by the wave's change in speed or by a change in the medium. Refraction of light is the most commonly observed phenomenon, but other waves such as sound waves and water waves also experience refraction. How much a wave is refracted is determined by the change in wave speed and the initial direction of wave propagation relative to the direction of change in speed.

Optical prisms and lenses use refraction to redirect light, as does the human eye. The refractive index of materials varies with the wavelength of light, and thus the angle of the refraction also varies correspondingly. This is called dispersion and allows prisms  and raindrops in rainbows to divide white light into its constituent spectral colors.

Reflection seismology
Reflection seismology (or seismic reflection) is a method of exploration geophysics that uses the principles of seismology to estimate the properties of the Earth's subsurface from reflected seismic waves. The method requires a controlled seismic source of energy, such as dynamite or Tovex blast, a specialized air gun or a seismic vibrator. Reflection seismology is similar to sonar and echolocation.
Ninth grade
Ninth grade (also 9th or Grade 9) is the ninth year of formal or compulsory education in some countries. It is generally part of high school or secondary school depending on the country. Students in ninth grade are usually 14–15 years old.

Whippany Park High School
Whippany Park High School  is a four-year comprehensive public high school that serves students in ninth through twelfth grade from Hanover Township in Morris County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as one of the two secondary schools of the Hanover Park Regional High School District. The other school in the district, Hanover Park High School, serves students from East Hanover and Florham Park.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the school had an enrollment of 594 students and 60.7 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 9.8:1. There were 17 students (2.9% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 3 (0.5% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.
St. Mary's Seminary and University
St. Mary's Seminary and University is a Catholic seminary located within the Archdiocese of Baltimore in Baltimore, Maryland; it was the first seminary founded in the United States after the Revolution and has been run since its founding by the Society of the Priests of Saint Sulpice.

Pontifical Urban University
The Pontifical Urban University, also called the Urbaniana after its names in both Latin and Italian, is a pontifical university that was under the authority of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples. The university's mission is to train priests, religious brothers and sisters, and lay people for service as missionaries. Its campus is located on the Janiculum Hill in Rome, on extraterritorial property of the Holy See. It was formerly known as the Urban College, or Collegium Urbanum.
Revlon
Revlon, Inc., is an American multinational company dealing in cosmetics, skin care, perfume, and personal care. The headquarters of Revlon was established in New York City on March 1, 1932, where it remains. Revlon was founded by brothers Charles and Joseph Revson, and chemist Charles Lachman. Revlon products are sold in 150 countries and the company has many global locations including Mexico City, London, Paris, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Sydney, Singapore, and Tokyo.

In June 2022, Revlon filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. It emerged from bankruptcy in May 2023.

Valentino (fashion house)
Valentino S.p.A., also known as Maison Valentino, is an Italian luxury fashion house founded in 1960 by Valentino Garavani and part of the Valentino Fashion Group. The company has its registered office in Milan, while the creative direction and the Valentino Foundation is based in Rome, at Palazzo Gabrielli-Mignanelli. Jacob Venturini was the CEO of Valentino since 2020 and Alessandro Michele is the creative director since 2024. The group reported €1.31 billion in revenue in 2024.
Curling at the 2023 Winter World University Games
Curling at the 2023 Winter World University Games took place at the Saranac Lake Civic Center in Saranac Lake, New York, United States. The event ran from Friday, January 13, 2023 to Saturday, January 21, 2023.

2023 World Women's Curling Championship
The 2023 World Women's Curling Championship (branded as 2023 LGT World Women's Curling Championship for sponsorship reasons) was held from March 18 to 26 at the Göransson Arena in Sandviken, Sweden.

The format for the Championship featured a thirteen team round robin. The top six teams qualified for the playoff round where the top two teams received a bye while the remaining four played the first round.
Oregon Ducks men's basketball
The Oregon Ducks men's basketball team is an intercollegiate basketball program that competes in the NCAA Division I and is a member of the Big Ten Conference, representing the University of Oregon. The Ducks play their home games at Matthew Knight Arena, which has a capacity of 12,364. Then coached by Howard Hobson, Oregon won the first NCAA men's basketball national championship in 1939.  They again reached the Final Four in 2017 under head coach Dana Altman, marking the longest span between appearances in NCAA history (79 years). The Ducks have made the NCAA tournament 19 times, and have won eight conference championships.

2021 NBA draft
The 2021 NBA draft, the 75th edition of the National Basketball Association's annual draft, was held on July 29, 2021, at Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York. The NBA draft returned to Brooklyn after the previous year's draft was held through videoconferencing at ESPN Studios in Bristol, Connecticut due to the COVID-19 pandemic. With the first overall pick, the Detroit Pistons selected Cade Cunningham. The NBA used a "ceremonial pick" for the late Terrence Clarke, between the 14th and 15th pick of the draft.
Hyder Consulting
Hyder Consulting was a multi-national advisory and design consultancy with particular specialisation in the transport, property, utilities and environmental sectors. The firm employed approximately 4,200 people across the UK, Europe, Germany, Middle East, Asia and Australia and had been listed on the London Stock Exchange since October 2002. The name Hyder is the Welsh word for "confidence".

In October 2014 it was acquired by Arcadis NV.

Severn Bridge
The Severn Bridge (Welsh: Pont Hafren) is a motorway suspension bridge that spans the River Severn between South Gloucestershire in England and Monmouthshire in South East Wales. It is the original Severn road crossing between England and Wales, and took three and a half years to build, at a cost of £8 million. It replaced the 137-year-old Aust Ferry.

The bridge was opened in 1966 by Queen Elizabeth II. For thirty years, the bridge carried the M4 motorway. It was granted Grade I listed status in 1999.

Following the completion of the Prince of Wales Bridge, the section of motorway from Olveston in England to Magor in Wales was designated the M48.

In addition to carrying the motorway, the bridge has service paths on each side which are open to pedestrians and cyclists. These carry National Cycle Route 4 and EuroVelo cycle routes, as well as hosting a weekly parkrun.