hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1989 Soviet census
The 1989 Soviet census (Russian: Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989, lit. '1989 All-Union Census'), conducted between 12 and 19 January of that year, was the final census carried out in the Soviet Union. The census found the total population to be 286,730,819 inhabitants. In 1989, the Soviet Union ranked as the third most populous country in the world, above the United States (with 248,709,873 inhabitants according to the 1990 census), although it was well below China and India.

Shenkursky District
Shenkursky District (Russian: Ше́нкурский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Shenkursky Municipal District. It is located in the south of the oblast and borders with Vinogradovsky District in the north, Verkhnetoyemsky District in the east, Ustyansky District in the southeast, Velsky District in the south, Nyandomsky District in the west, and with Plesetsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 11,298 square kilometers (4,362 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Shenkursk. Population:  15,196 (2010 Census); 18,680 (2002 Census); 22,597 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Shenkursk accounts for 37.5% of the district's total population.
East Allegheny
East Allegheny, also known as Deutschtown, is a neighborhood on Pittsburgh's North Side. It has a ZIP code of 15212, and has representation on Pittsburgh City Council by the council member for District 1 (North Central Neighborhoods).  The Pittsburgh Bureau of Fire houses Engine 32, Truck 32 and	Haz-Mat 3 in Deutschtown.

Perry South
Perry South—also known as Perry Hilltop—is a neighborhood on Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania's North Side. It developed as a streetcar suburb around the turn of the 20th century, so it consists almost exclusively of residential housing, with a small business district at the intersection of Perrysville Avenue and Charles Avenue. The hill on which the neighborhood is built provides natural borders to the west (the Charles Street Valley), to the east (Parkway North) and to the south (the Mexican War Streets).

Perry South has representation on Pittsburgh City Council by the council member for District 6. It is within Pittsburgh's 26th ward.

The section of Perry South surrounding Charles Street was once called Pleasant Valley and considered a neighborhood in its own right. The area is now known as the Charles Street Valley.
De facto
De facto (/deɪ ˈfæktoʊ, di -, də -/, day FAK-toh, dee -⁠, də -⁠; Latin: [deː ˈfaktoː] ⓘ; lit. 'from fact')  practices are those that exist in reality or effect, without explicit recognition by laws or other formal norms. They contrast with de jure ('from law') practices. This distinction is important in law and governance. For example, a de facto government holds power without legal recognition, while a de jure government may have formal legal authority but lack any real power.

Lachin offensive
The Lachin offensive (Azerbaijani: Laçına hücum əməliyyatı)
was a military operation launched by Azerbaijan against the unrecognized Republic of Artsakh and their Armenian allies along the Armenia–Azerbaijan border during the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War, with the suspected goal of taking control of the Lachin corridor. The offensive began in mid-October, when the Azerbaijani forces advanced into Qubadlı and Laçın Districts after capturing Zəngilan. On 25 October, the Azerbaijani forces seized control of the city of Qubadlı.
Salian dynasty
The Salian dynasty or Salic dynasty (German: Salier) was a dynasty in the High Middle Ages. The dynasty provided four kings of Germany (1024–1125), all of whom went on to be crowned Holy Roman emperors (1027–1125).

After the death of the last Ottonian emperor in 1024, the Kingdom of Germany and later the entire Holy Roman Empire passed to Conrad II, a Salian. He was followed by three more Salian rulers: Henry III, Henry IV, and Henry V. They established their monarchy as a major European power. The Salian dynasty developed a permanent administrative system based on a class of public officials answerable to the crown.

List of monarchs of Germany
This is a list of monarchs who ruled over East Francia, and the Kingdom of Germany (Latin: Regnum Teutonicum), from the division of the Frankish Empire in 843 and the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 until the collapse of the German Empire in 1918:
Kathiawar
Kathiawar (Gujarati: [kɑʈʰijɑʋɑɽ]), also known as Saurashtra (Gujarati: [sɔɾɑʂʈrə]), is a peninsula in the south-western Gujarat state in India, bordering the Arabian Sea and covering about 61,000 km2 (23,500 sq mi). It is bounded by the Kutch district in the north, the Gulf of Kutch in the northwest, and by the Gulf of Khambhat in the east. In the northeast, it is connected to the rest of the state and borders on the low, fertile hinterland of Ahmedabad. It is crossed by two belts of hill country and is drained radially by nine rivers which have little natural flow aside from in monsoon months, thus dams have been built on some of these. Kathiawar ports have been flourishing centres of trade and commerce since at least the 16th century. It was formerly a state of India.

Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu is a union territory in India. The territory was constituted through the merger of the former territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. Plans for the proposed merger were announced by the Government of India in July 2019; the necessary legislation was passed in the Parliament of India in December 2019 and came into effect on 26 January 2020. The territory is made up of four separate geographical entities: Dadra, Nagar Haveli, Daman, and the island of Diu. All four areas were formerly part of Portuguese India, with a joint capital at Panjim, Goa. They came under Indian rule in the mid-20th century after the Annexation of Goa and of the Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli. Goa, Daman and Diu were jointly administered until 1987, when Goa was granted statehood after the Konkani language agitation. The current capital is Daman and Silvassa is the largest city.
Poros, Cephalonia
Poros (Greek: Πόρος) is a picturesque small town located in the municipal unit of Eleios-Pronnoi, some 40 km SE of Argostoli, 28 km SE of Sami and 12 km NE of Skala, in the southeast of Cephalonia, one of the Ionian Islands of Greece.

Sami, Cephalonia
Sami (Greek: Σάμη) is a town and a municipality on the island of Cephalonia, Ionian Islands, Greece. Since the 2019 local government reform it is one of the three municipalities on the island. It is located on the central east coast of the island.  The municipality has an area of 291.2 km2 and the municipal unit (the pre-2010 municipality) has an area of 129.326 km². The 2021 census recorded a population of 2,478 in the municipal unit, and 5,501 in the municipality in its post-2019 extension. Its municipal seat is the town of Sami

West of town is the Melissani Cave, a major tourist attraction; boat tours are offered.
1967 California Angels season
The 1967 California Angels season was the 7th season of the Angels franchise in the American League, the 2nd in Anaheim, and their 2nd season playing their home games at Anaheim Stadium. The Angels finished the season fifth in the American League with a record of 84 wins and 77 losses, 7+1⁄2 games behind the AL Champion Boston Red Sox.

1967 Detroit Tigers season
The 1967 Detroit Tigers season was the team's 67th season and the 56th season at Tiger Stadium. The team finished tied for second in the American League with the Minnesota Twins with 91 wins and 71 losses, one game behind the AL pennant-winning Boston Red Sox.

The season is notable as during the middle of the 1967 season, a number of home games were cancelled due to the 1967 Detroit riot; this would be the last time a game would be cancelled due to rioting, until the 1992 LA Dodgers had their games cancelled due to the 1992 riots.
Liberal Unionist Party
The Liberal Unionist Party was a British political party that was formed in 1886 by a faction that broke away from the Liberal Party. Led by Lord Hartington (later the Duke of Devonshire) and Joseph Chamberlain, the party established a political alliance with the Conservative Party in opposition to Irish Home Rule. The two parties formed the ten-year-long coalition Unionist Government 1895–1905 but kept separate political funds and their own party organisations until a complete merger between the  Liberal  Unionist  and the  Conservative parties was agreed to  in May 1912.

London County Council
The London County Council (LCC) was the principal local government body for the County of London throughout its existence from 1889 to 1965, and the first London-wide general municipal authority to be directly elected. It covered the area today known as Inner London and was replaced by the Greater London Council. The LCC was the largest, most significant and most ambitious English municipal authority of its day.
1998 Tippeligaen
The 1998 Tippeligaen was the 54th completed season of top division football in Norway. Each team played 26 games with 3 points given for wins and 1 for draws. Number thirteen and fourteen are relegated, number twelve has to play two qualification matches (home and away) against number three in the first division (where number one and two are directly promoted) for the last spot.

1994 Tippeligaen
The 1994 Tippeligaen was the 50th completed season of top division football in Norway. Each team played 22 games with 3 points given for wins and 1 for draws. This year was the last consisting of 12 teams. The format was expanded to 14 teams the following year. Because of this, number eleven and twelve were relegated, while the winners and runners-up of the two groups of the first division were promoted.
Waterloo, Ontario
Waterloo is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is one of three cities in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo (formerly Waterloo County). Waterloo is situated about 94 km (58 mi) west-southwest of Toronto, but it is not considered to be part of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). Due to the close proximity of the city of Kitchener to Waterloo, the two together are often referred to as "Kitchener–Waterloo", "K-W", or "The Twin Cities". Nearby Cambridge, Ontario is also sometimes grouped in, creating KWC or "Tri-cities".

While several unsuccessful attempts to combine the municipalities of Kitchener and Waterloo have been made, following the 1973 establishment of the Region of Waterloo, less motivation to do so existed, and as a result, Waterloo remains an independent city. At the time of the 2021 census, the population of Waterloo was 121,436.

North Bay, Ontario
North Bay is a city in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is the seat of Nipissing District and takes its name from its position on the shore of Lake Nipissing. It developed as a railroad centre and its airport was an important military location during the Cold War.
Romanization of Bulgarian
Romanization of Bulgarian is the practice of transliteration of text in Bulgarian from its conventional Cyrillic orthography into the Latin alphabet. Romanization can be used for various purposes, such as rendering of proper names and place names in foreign-language contexts, or for informal writing of Bulgarian in environments where Cyrillic is not easily available. Official use of romanization by Bulgarian authorities is found, for instance, in identity documents and in road signage. Several different standards of transliteration exist, one of which was chosen and made mandatory for common use by the Bulgarian authorities in a law of 2009.

Krivodol Glacier
Krivodol Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Криводол, romanized: lednik Krivodol, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik krivoˈdɔɫ]) is a 3.8 km long glacier on Smith Island, South Shetland Islands in Antarctica draining the southeast slopes of Imeon Range northeast and east of Antim Peak, southeast of Varshets Saddle and south of Slatina Peak.  It is situated southwest of Ovech Glacier and northeast of Pashuk Glacier, and flows southeastward into Osmar Strait northeast of Sredets Point.  Bulgarian early mapping in 2009.  The glacier is named after the town of Krivodol in northwestern Bulgaria.

62°58′55″S 62°29′25″W﻿ / ﻿62.98194°S 62.49028°W﻿ / -62.98194; -62.49028
Medium-range ballistic missile
A medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) is a type of ballistic missile with medium range, this last classification depending on the standards of certain organizations. Within the U.S. Department of Defense, a medium-range missile is defined by having a maximum range of between 1,000 and 3,000 kilometres (620 and 1,860 mi). In modern terminology, MRBMs are part of the wider grouping of theatre ballistic missiles, which includes any ballistic missile with a range of less than 3,500 kilometres (2,200 mi). Roughly speaking, MRBM covers the ranges over SRBM (tactical) and under IRBM.

R-12 Dvina
The R-12 Dvina was a theatre ballistic missile developed and deployed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. Its GRAU designation was 8K63 (8K63U or 8K63У in Cyrillic for silo-launched version), and it was given the NATO reporting name of SS-4 Sandal. The R-12 rocket provided the Soviet Union with the capability to attack targets at medium ranges with a megaton-class thermonuclear warhead and constituted the bulk of the Soviet offensive missile threat to Western Europe. Deployments of the R-12 missile in Cuba caused the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. A total of 2335 missiles were produced; all were destroyed in 1993 under the START II treaty.

As well as the single-stage ballistic technology, the R-12 Dvina had a two-stage capability that allowed payloads to be placed into low Earth orbit.

The unbuilt Iranian Shahab-4 missile is likely an offshoot of the R-12 Dvina.
AMC (TV channel)
AMC is an American cable television channel that, since 2002, mainly airs a mix of original AMC shows, mostly dramas and documentaries, as well as acquired TV programs, and theatrically released films. Launched in late 1984 as American Movie Classics, the flagship namesake property of AMC Networks, the channel aired classic films (from before 1970), similar to Turner Classic Movies, the channel's former rival. In 2002, AMC retired the American Movie Classics name, resulting from the major shift in its programming.

As of December 2024, AMC was available in approximately 60 million U.S. pay-TV households. This marks a decline from 65.1 million households in December 2023 and 94.8 million in July 2015, reflecting the broader trend of cord-cutting and the shift toward streaming platforms.

Sam Reid (actor)
Sam Reid (born 19 February 1987) is an Australian actor. He is best known for playing Lestat de Lioncourt in the AMC drama series Interview with the Vampire (2022–present), for which he received a Critics' Choice Television Award nomination. He received four AACTA Award nominations for his leading roles in The Newsreader (2021–2025) and Lambs of God (2019). Reid also played John Davinier in Belle (2013) and Hugo Fraser-Tyrwhitt in The Riot Club (2014).
Monetary Authority of Singapore
The Monetary Authority of Singapore or (MAS), is the central bank and financial regulatory authority of Singapore. It administers the various statutes pertaining to money, banking, insurance, securities and the financial sector in general, as well as currency issuance and manages the foreign-exchange reserves. It was established in 1971 to act as the banker to and as a financial agent of the Government of Singapore. 
The body is duly accountable to the Parliament of Singapore through the Minister-in-charge, who is also the Incumbent Chairman of the central bank. In May 2025 the fund had US$629 billion in assets under management.

JTC Corporation
JTC Corporation (JTC), formerly the Jurong Town Corporation, is a statutory board under Singapore's Ministry of Trade and Industry that champions sustainable industrial development. It master-plans clean, green and smart estates to create attractive destinations for Singapore's talent and communities. The agency also drives innovations in the building and infrastructure sector.
Billings County, North Dakota
Billings County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 945, and was estimated to be 1,063 in 2024, making it the second-least populous county in North Dakota. The county seat and only incorporated place is Medora.

The Territorial legislature authorized the creation of Billings County on February 10, 1879, naming it for Northern Pacific Railway president Frederick H. Billings. It was organized on May 4, 1886. The original county boundary was significantly altered by actions in 1883, 1885, 1887, 1896, 1901, and 1904. Its most significant alterations came in 1907 (Bowman County partitioned off), 1912 (Golden Valley County partitioned off), and 1914 (Slope County partitioned off).

Unincorporated area
An unincorporated area is a parcel of land that is not governed by a local general-purpose municipal corporation.  They may be governed or serviced by an encompassing unit (such as a county) or another branch of the state (such as the military). There are many unincorporated communities and areas in the United States and Canada, but many countries do not use the concept of an unincorporated area.
SS Dwinsk
SS Dwinsk was a transatlantic ocean liner that was launched in Ireland in 1897 as Rotterdam, renamed C. F. Tietgen in 1906, and renamed Dwinsk in 1913. A U-boat sank her in 1918, with the loss of 23 lives. The ship was built for Holland America Line (Nederlandsch-Amerikaansche Stoomvaart Maatschappij, or NASM), but was successively owned by Scandinavian America Line and Russian American Line, and after the Russian Revolution she was managed by Cunard Line.

She was the third of several NASM ships to be named after the city of Rotterdam. She was also the first ship that Harland & Wolff built for NASM.

SS Dante Alighieri
SS Dante Alighieri was an Italian ocean liner for Transatlantica Italiana. From 1915 to 1927 the ship was in service between Italy and New York with calls at Lisbon, Gibraltar, Azores and Boston and between Italy and South America. In 1927, she was sold to Japanese firm Nippon Yusen Kaisha and renamed Asahi Maru. Operating as a hospital ship during early World War II, she later served as a transport. Asahi Maru was damaged in a collision in 1944 off the coast of Japan, beached and abandoned. The wreck was eventually scrapped in 1949.
Prefecture-level city
A prefecture-level city (simplified Chinese: 地级市; traditional Chinese: 地級市; pinyin: Dìjíshì) or prefectural city is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure. It usually consists of multiple sub-prefecture-level cities or towns and the surrounding countryside.

Hongshan, Wuhan
Hongshan District (Chinese: 洪山区; pinyin: Hóngshān Qū) is one of 13 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province, China. The district is named for Mount Hong, located near East Lake. It is the most populous of all the districts, and is the most spacious but least densely populated among the city's seven core districts.
Mountain bluebird
The mountain bluebird (Sialia currucoides) is a migratory small thrush that is found in mountainous districts of western North America. It has a light underbelly and black eyes. Adult males have thin bills and are bright turquoise-blue and somewhat lighter underneath. Adult females have duller blue wings and tail, grey breast, grey crown, throat and back. In fresh fall plumage, the female's throat and breast are tinged with red-orange which is brownish near the flank, contrasting with white tail underparts. Their call is a thin 'few' while their song is a warbled high 'chur chur'. The mountain bluebird is the state bird of Idaho and Nevada. This bird is an omnivore and it can live 6 to 10 years in the wild. It eats spiders, grasshoppers, flies and other insects, and small fruits. The mountain bluebird is a relative of the eastern and western bluebirds.

Canyon wren
The canyon wren (Catherpes mexicanus) is a small North American songbird of the wren family Troglodytidae. A non-migratory species, these birds are found throughout western North America in dry, rocky environments such as cliffs, outcrops, and canyons. It is a small bird that is hard to see on its rocky habitat, and is often located by its loud distinctive song. It is currently in a monotypic taxon and is the only species in the genus Catherpes.
Alcalde
Alcalde (/ælˈkældi/; Spanish: [alˈkalðe]) is the traditional Spanish municipal magistrate, who had both judicial and administrative functions. An alcalde was, in the absence of a corregidor, the presiding officer of the Castilian cabildo (the municipal council) and judge of first instance of a town.  Alcaldes were elected annually, without the right to reelection for two or three years, by the regidores (council members) of the municipal council. The office of the alcalde was signified by a staff of office, which they were to take with them when doing their business. A woman who holds the office is termed an alcaldesa.

In New Spain (Mexico), alcaldes mayores were chief administrators in colonial-era administrative territories termed alcaldías mayores; in colonial-era Peru the units were called corregimientos.

Alcalde was also a title given to Indigenous (Native American) leaders inside the Spanish missions, who performed a large variety of duties for the Franciscan missionaries.

Vecino
'Vecino' means either "neighbour", or resident of a location in modern Spanish. Historically in the Spanish Empire it referred instead to a householder of considerable social position in a town or a city, and was similar to "freeman" or "freeholder."
Eurobodalla Shire
Eurobodalla Shire is a local government area located in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. The Shire is located in a largely mountainous coastal region and situated adjacent to the Tasman Sea, the Princes Highway and the Kings Highway.

The mayor of Eurobodalla Shire Council is Cr. Mathew Hatcher, an unaligned politician.

He is also the youngest mayor, in the modern-era, ever for the Eurobodalla. The Deputy Mayor, Cllr Alison Worthington, is the first female Deputy Mayor for the Eurobodalla.

Bega Valley Shire
The Bega Valley Shire is a local government area located adjacent to the south-eastern coastline of New South Wales, Australia. The Shire was formed in 1981 with the amalgamation of the Municipality of Bega, Imlay Shire and Mumbulla Shire, with its name deriving from the town of Bega. The shire is also known as the Sapphire Coast for tourism and marketing purposes. During the 2019–20 Australian bushfire season, the area was devastated by fire, with 448 houses being destroyed by fire and approximately 365,000 hectares burned, which is 58% of the Shire's total land mass.

The estimated population as at the 2021 census was 35,942.

The current mayor is Russell Fitzpatrick, an independent who joined the Liberal Party in 2023.
1908 International Lawn Tennis Challenge
The 1908 International Lawn Tennis Challenge was the eighth edition of what is now known as the Davis Cup. For the first time, ties were held in different countries and at different times, rather than all the matches being played in the same venue, as before. It also marked the first time that a tie was played in Australia.

After Australasia's victory in 1907, the United States and the British Isles tried to re-claim the cup, however the Australasia team prevailed again. The final was played at the Albert Ground in Melbourne, Australia on 27–30 November.

1909 International Lawn Tennis Challenge
The 1909 International Lawn Tennis Challenge was the ninth edition of what is now known as the Davis Cup. For the second straight year, only the British Isles and the United States would challenge Australasia for the Cup. After defeating the British team in Philadelphia in September, the US team traveled to Sydney, Australia but was defeated again by the Australasian team. The final was played on grass courts at the Double Bay Grounds from 27 November until 30 November 1909.