hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
JSTOR
JSTOR (/ˈdʒeɪstɔːr/ JAY-stor; short for Journal Storage) is a digital library of academic journals, books, and primary sources founded in 1994. Originally containing digitized back issues of academic journals, it now encompasses books and other primary sources as well as current issues of journals in the humanities and social sciences. It provides full-text searches of almost 2,000 journals. Most access is by subscription but some of the site is public domain, and open access content is available free of charge. 
JSTOR is part of the non-profit US academic digital library and learning platform provider, Ithaka Harbors, Inc.

Minnesota History (journal)
Minnesota History (formerly Minnesota History Bulletin and sometimes called Minnesota History Magazine) is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the Minnesota Historical Society Press focusing on the history of the US state of Minnesota and the adjacent area. Published since 1915, the journal is edited by Laura Weber and written for a non-specialist audience, with free distribution to all members of the state historical society. Among US state historical journals, Minnesota History has been regarded throughout its run for the quality of its scholarship and the caliber of the authors publishing in it.
EFL League Two
The English Football League Two, simply known as League Two and for sponsorship purposes as Sky Bet League Two, is the third and lowest division of the English Football League (EFL) and the fourth-highest tier in the English football league system, after the Premier League, EFL Championship and the EFL League One. It is contested by 24 professional clubs.

Introduced for the 2004–05 English football season as Football League Two, it is a rebrand of the former Football League Third Division.

As of the 2025–26 season, Newport County hold the longest tenure in this division following their promotion in the 2012–13 season. There are currently two former Premier League clubs competing in this division: Oldham Athletic (1992–94) and Swindon Town (1993–94).

The current holders are Doncaster Rovers.

2015–16 Football League Two
The 2015–16 Football League Two (referred to as the Sky Bet League Two for sponsorship reasons) was the 12th season of the Football League Two under its current title and the 24th season under its current league division format. The season began on 8 August 2015 and concluded on 7 May 2016.

Twenty-four clubs participated, eighteen of which played in League Two during the 2014–15 season. These teams were joined by Notts County, Crawley Town, Leyton Orient and Yeovil Town, who had been relegated from League One, and by Barnet and Bristol Rovers, who had been promoted from the Football Conference.
Svilengrad
Svilengrad (Bulgarian: Свиленград; Greek: Σβίλενγκραντ; Ottoman Turkish: Cisr-i Mustafapaşa) is a town in Haskovo Province, south-central Bulgaria, situated at the tripoint of Bulgaria, Turkey, and Greece. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Svilengrad Municipality.

Hellenic Railways Organisation
The Hellenic Railways Organisation or OSE (Greek: Οργανισμός Σιδηροδρόμων Ελλάδος, romanized: Organismos Sidirodromon Ellados or Greek: Ο.Σ.Ε.) was the Greek national railway company which owned, maintained and operated all railway infrastructure in Greece with the exception of Athens' rapid transit lines from 1971 to 2025. Services on these lines are run by Hellenic Train, a former OSE subsidiary, Rail Cargo Logistics Goldair, Pearl and Grup Feroviar Român.
Earl of Douglas
This page is concerned with the holders of the forfeit title Earl of Douglas and the preceding feudal barons of Douglas, South Lanarkshire. The title was created in the Peerage of Scotland in 1358 for William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas, son of Sir Archibald Douglas, Guardian of Scotland. The Earldom was forfeited by James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas, in 1455.

William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas
William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas, 2nd Earl of Avondale (1425 – 22 February 1452) was a late Medieval Scottish nobleman, Lord of Galloway, and Lord of the Regality of Lauderdale, and the most powerful magnate in Southern Scotland. He was killed by James II of Scotland.
Shanghai Metro
The Shanghai Metro (Chinese: 上海地铁; pinyin: Shànghǎi Dìtiě; Shanghainese: Zaon6he5 Di6thiq7) is a rapid transit system in Shanghai, operating urban and suburban transit services to 14 of its 16 municipal districts and to the neighboring township of Huaqiao, in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province.

Forming the vast majority of the broader, multi-operator Shanghai rail transit network, the Shanghai Metro system is the world's second longest metro system by route length, totaling 808 kilometres (502 mi) and the second largest system by number of stations, with 506 stations across 19 lines (408, if stations connected by transfers are counted as single stations). It also ranks first in the world by annual ridership, with 3.88 billion rides delivered in 2019. The last daily ridership record was set on 9 March 2024, at 13.39 million rides. Ridership routinely stands at over 10 million on an average workday, accounting for 73% of trips on public transport in the city.

Putuo, Shanghai
Putuo District (Chinese: 普陀区; pinyin: Pǔtuó Qū; Shanghainese: phu2 du1 chiu1) is a municipal district of Shanghai Municipality, People's Republic of China. It covers an area of 54.83 km2 (21.17 sq mi). Putuo District borders Baoshan District to the north, Jing'an District to the east and south east, Changning District to the south west and Jiading District to the west.
Bellingshausen Island
Bellingshausen Island is one of the most southerly islands of the South Sandwich Islands, close to Thule Island and Cook Island, and forming part of the Southern Thule group. It is named after its discoverer, Russian Antarctic explorer Fabian von Bellingshausen (1778–1852).

The island is a basaltic andesite stratovolcano, and the latest crater, which is about 152 metres (500 ft) across and 61 metres (200 ft) deep was formed from an explosion some time between 1968 and 1984. Its highest point, at 255 metres (837 ft), is Basilisk Peak. Isaacson Point is its southeast point—an area first charted by Discovery Investigations personnel on the Discovery II in 1930. It was named after Ms. S. M. Isaacson, an assistant to the staff of the Discovery Committee.

Visokoi Island
Visokoi Island is an uninhabited volcanic island and one the three Traversay Islands that constitute a subgroup of the South Sandwich Islands, in the Southern Ocean.

Visokoi consists of one major volcano, Mount Hodson, whose height is usually given as 1,005 metres (3,297 ft). The mountain is mostly covered by glaciers, except for several low areas on the coast like the northern Finger Point and eastern Irving Point. Several parasitic vents are found especially on the eastern side, and one vent close to Finger Point is still hot. Eruptions were reported in 1830, 1927 and 1930, and a large landslide took place during historical time.
Lusitanians
The Lusitanians were an Indo-European-speaking people living in the far west of the Iberian Peninsula, in present-day central Portugal and the regions of Extremadura and Castilla y León of Spain. It is uncertain whether the Lusitanians were Celts or Celticized Iberians, related to the Lusones. After its conquest by the Romans, the land was subsequently incorporated as a Roman province named after them (Lusitania).

Gallaecia
Gallaecia, originally known as Callaecia, was the name of a Roman province in the northwest of Hispania, approximately present-day Galicia, northern Portugal, Asturias and León, and the later Suevic and medieval kingdom of Gallaecia. The Roman cities included Auria (Ourense), the port of Cale (Porto), and the governing centers Lucus Augusti (Lugo), Bracara Augusta (Braga), and Asturica Augusta (Astorga), together with their administrative areas: Conventus Lucensis, Conventus Bracarensis, and Conventus Asturicensis, respectively.
Malaysia national cricket team
The Malaysia national cricket team represents Malaysia in international cricket matches. The team is organised by the Malaysian Cricket Association which has been an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 1967.

During the British colonial period, the Federated Malay States, Straits Settlements and Malaya cricket teams played regularly in Interport matches and against other visiting teams. Following Malaysian independence, the team's most frequent opponent has been Singapore in the Saudara Cup and Stan Nagaiah Trophy. Malaysia made its debut in ICC tournaments in the inaugural 1979 ICC Trophy, making regular appearances until ICC pathways were altered in the 2000s and hosting the 1997 ICC Trophy. Malaysia has regularly hosted Asian Cricket Council (ACC) tournaments and finished runner-up in the 1998 ACC Trophy. In the World Cricket League the team reached as high as Division Three, subsequently being placed in the ICC Cricket World Cup Challenge League.

ACC Fast Track Countries Tournament
The ACC Fast Track Countries Tournament was a three-day cricket tournament run by the Asian Cricket Council (ACC), contested between its top-ranking ICC associate members. It was played three times between 2004 and 2006, and then replaced by the ACC Twenty20 Cup. Some matches in the second edition of the tournament held first-class status, as they were simultaneously ICC Intercontinental Cup matches.
Indy NXT
Indy NXT (pronounced "Indy Next"), previously Indy Lights, is an American developmental automobile racing series sanctioned by IndyCar, currently known as INDY NXT by Firestone for sponsorship reasons. Indy NXT is the highest step on the Road to Indy, a program of racing series leading up to the IndyCar Series.

A similar series named Indy Lights filled the developmental role for the CART series, and ran from 1986 to 1993 as the American Racing Series and Dayton Indy Lights from 1991 to 2001. The current IndyCar sanctioned series was founded in 2002 as the Infiniti Pro Series as a way to introduce new talent to IndyCar, with the moniker Indy Lights returning in 2008 when CART and IndyCar unified. The Indy Lights champion was awarded a $1M scholarship toward the IndyCar Series, and guaranteed three races including the Indianapolis 500 during this time. For 2023, Penske Entertainment announced a rebranding to the name Indy NXT.

Panther Racing
Panther Racing was an American open wheel auto racing team. It was one of the oldest continually operating teams in the IndyCar Series.

Four years in a row (2008–2011), the team finished second at the Indianapolis 500.
Yushamin
In Mandaeism, Yushamin (Classical Mandaic: ࡉࡅࡔࡀࡌࡉࡍ, Modern Mandaic pronunciation: [juˈʃɑmɪn]), also known as the Second Life, is the primal uthra (angel or guardian): 8  and a subservient emanation who was created by the Mandaean God 'The Great Life' (Hayyi Rabbi or 'The First Life'), hence beginning the creation of the material world. Yushamin is the father of Abatur.: 8  Jorunn J. Buckley identifies Yushamin as "both a Lightworld utra beyond reproach and the prototype of a priest who has made mistakes in ritual.": 38

Yawar Ziwa
In Mandaeism, Yawar Ziwa (Classical Mandaic: ࡉࡀࡅࡀࡓ ࡆࡉࡅࡀ, lit. 'dazzling radiance', Modern Mandaic pronunciation: [ˈjawar ˈziwa]; also known as Yawar Kasia ࡉࡀࡅࡀࡓ ࡊࡀࡎࡉࡀ "Hidden Yawar", Modern Mandaic pronunciation: [ˈjawar ˈkæsjæ]; or Yawar Rabba ࡉࡀࡅࡀࡓ ࡓࡁࡀ "Great Yawar", Modern Mandaic pronunciation: [ˈjawar ˈrɑbbɑ]) is an uthra (angel or guardian) from the World of Light. He is the personification of light, as well as the head of reproductive powers.

Simat Hayyi, the personification of life, is married to Yawar Ziwa.
Bill Harvey (bandleader)
William G. Harvey (October 1918 – October 6, 1964) was an American rhythm and blues saxophonist and bandleader.

Born in Winona, Mississippi, he moved with his mother to Memphis, Tennessee, as a child. He became the leader of one of the most successful performing bands in Memphis immediately after World War II, establishing a residency at Mitchell's Hotel on Beale Street. In 1950, he signed a deal with Don Robey's Peacock Records in Houston, Texas, and his band featured on many of the successful R&B records released by Peacock and Duke Records during the 1950s, including those by Marie Adams, Big Mama Thornton, Bobby "Blue" Bland, and Little Junior Parker. He also led Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown's touring band. In 1952, he signed with B.B. King to become the blues singer and guitarist's bandleader, a role he continued for the next four years.

Harvey suffered from diabetes and, after having both his legs amputated, died in Memphis in 1964, aged 46.

Earl Forest
Earl Forest (December 1, 1926 – February 26, 2003) was an American musician and a member of the Memphis-based R&B coalition called the Beale Streeters, which included Johnny Ace, Bobby Bland, Junior Parker, B.B. King, and Roscoe Gordon. Forest had a hit record in 1953 with "Whoopin' And Hollerin'" on Duke Records. He also recorded for Meteor Records and Flair Records.
White-winged duck
The white-winged duck or white-winged wood duck (Asarcornis scutulata) is a large species of duck, formerly placed in the genus Cairina with the Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) and considered allied to the dabbling ducks. However, two genetic studies have indicated that the anatomical similarity to the Muscovy duck is deceiving, with the species appropriately placed in a monotypic genus, as Asarcornis scutulata; it proved evolutionarily closest to a clade containing the diving duck genera Netta and Aythya, while Cairina resolved as close to the genus Aix in a very different part of the family tree.

Great hornbill
The great hornbill (Buceros bicornis), also known as the concave-casqued hornbill, great Indian hornbill or great pied hornbill, is one of the larger members of the hornbill family. It occurs in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It is predominantly frugivorous, but also preys on small mammals, reptiles, and birds. It has been listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 2018. It is known to have lived for nearly 50 years in captivity. Due to its large size and colour, and importance in many tribal cultures and rituals, the Government of Kerala declared it as the official Kerala state bird. It is also the state bird of Arunachal Pradesh.
Buttress
A buttress is an architectural structure built against or projecting from a wall which serves to support or reinforce the wall. Buttresses are fairly common on more ancient (typically Gothic) buildings, as a means of providing support to act against the lateral (sideways) forces arising out of inadequately braced roof structures.

The term counterfort can be synonymous with buttress and is often used when referring to dams, retaining walls and other structures holding back earth.

Early examples of buttresses are found on the Eanna Temple (ancient Uruk), dating to as early as the 4th millennium BC.

Oculus (architecture)
An oculus (from Latin  oculus 'eye'; pl. oculi) is a circular opening in the center of a dome or in a wall. Originating in classical architecture, it is a feature of Byzantine and Neoclassical architecture.

A horizontal oculus in the center of a dome is also called opaion (from Ancient Greek  ὀπαῖον (opaîon) '(smoke) hole'; pl. opaia).
Erythema
Erythema (Ancient Greek: ἐρύθημα, from Greek  erythros 'red') is redness of the skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries. It occurs with any skin injury, infection, or inflammation. Examples of erythema not associated with pathology include nervous blushes.

Hyperpigmentation
Hyperpigmentation is a condition characterized by the darkening of an area of the skin or nails due to an excess production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. This increase in melanin can result from a variety of factors, including sun exposure, inflammation, trauma, certain medications, or underlying medical conditions.

Hyperpigmentation is associated with numerous dermatological disorders and can present in various forms, such as melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and lentigines. It tends to be more prevalent and persistent in individuals with darker skin tones, who have more active melanocytes and are thus more prone to uneven pigmentation.
Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)
In the United Kingdom, a member of Parliament (MP) is an individual elected to serve in the House of Commons, the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Although the House of Lords is also a house of Parliament, its members are not termed "Members of Parliament".

Marlborough (UK Parliament constituency)
Marlborough was a parliamentary borough centred on the town of Marlborough in Wiltshire, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons from 1295 until 1868, and then one member from 1868 until 1885, when the borough was abolished.
Torry Holt
Torry Jabar Holt (born June 5, 1976) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver for 11 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He was named to the Pro Bowl seven times and retired with the 10th most receiving yards, including a record six consecutive seasons with 1,300 yards. He played college football for the NC State Wolfpack, and earned consensus All-American honors. He was selected by the St. Louis Rams in the first round of the 1999 NFL draft, and spent the next ten years with the Rams and is remembered as one of the members of "The Greatest Show on Turf".

Steven Jackson
Steven Rashad Jackson (born July 22, 1983) is an American former professional football running back who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 12 seasons, primarily with the St. Louis Rams. He played college football for the Oregon State Beavers, twice receiving third-team All-American and first-team All-Pac-10 honors.

Jackson was selected in the first round of the 2004 NFL draft by the Rams, where he spent his first nine seasons. During his St. Louis tenure, he became the franchise's all-time leading rusher, in addition to receiving three Pro Bowl and two second-team All-Pro selections. In his final three seasons, Jackson was a member of the Atlanta Falcons and New England Patriots. He was the 19th player to rush for 11,000 yards and only the fourth player to rush for 1,000 yards in eight consecutive seasons. His seven seasons with 1,000 rushing yards and 300 receiving yards was 3rd most by a running back.
Jason White (rugby union)
Jason Phillip Randall White (born 17 April 1978) is a Scottish former rugby union footballer. He was a utility forward who played in the second or back row of the scrum – lock, flanker, or number eight. White played at club level for Glasgow Caledonians (now known as Glasgow Warriors); the French Top 14 side ASM Clermont Auvergne; and English Premiership side Sale Sharks. He won 77 caps playing for Scotland, captaining the side on 19 occasions.

Ally Hogg
Allister Hogg (born 20 January 1983 in Stirling, Scotland) is a Scottish former  rugby union player who played at either flanker or number eight. He played for Edinburgh and Newcastle Falcons, and won 48 international caps for Scotland.
Karuizawa, Nagano
Karuizawa (軽井沢町, Karuizawa-machi) is a resort town located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2025, the town had an estimated population of 21,834 in 11,285 households, and a population density of 139 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 156.03 km2 (60.24 sq mi).

Originally, there was a stage station (shukuba) called Karuisawa-shuku on the Nakasendō. The Shin'etsu Line opened in 1888 and the town became popular as a Western-style hill station around that time.

Nagano (city)
Nagano (長野市, Nagano-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [naꜜɡano, naɡanoꜜɕi]) is the capital and largest city of Nagano Prefecture, located in the Nagano Basin (Zenkoji Daira) in the central Chūbu region of Japan. Nagano is categorized as a core city of Japan. Nagano City is the highest prefectural capital in Japan, with an altitude of 371.4 meters (1,219 ft).

The city is surrounded by mountains, the highest of which is Mount Takatsuma (2,353 m), and it is near the confluence of the Chikuma River—the longest and widest river in Japan—and the Sai River. As of 1 July 2023, the city had an estimated population of 365,296 in 160,625 households, and a population density of 438 persons per km². The total area of the city is 834.81 square kilometres (322.32 sq mi).
Hymenoptera
Hymenoptera is a large order of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described, in addition to over 2,000 extinct ones. Many of the species are parasitic. Females typically have a special ovipositor for inserting eggs into hosts or places that are otherwise inaccessible. This ovipositor is often modified into a stinger. The young develop through holometabolism (complete metamorphosis)—that is, they have a wormlike larval stage and an inactive pupal stage before they reach adulthood.

Chalcid wasp
Chalcid wasps (/ˈkælsɪd/, from Greek  khalkos 'copper', for their metallic colour) are insects within the superfamily Chalcidoidea, part of the order Hymenoptera. The superfamily contains some 22,500 known species, and an estimated total diversity of more than 500,000 species, meaning the vast majority have yet to be discovered and described. The name "chalcid" is often confused with the name "chalcidid", though the latter refers strictly to one constituent family, the Chalcididae, rather than the superfamily as a whole; accordingly, most recent publications (e.g.,) use the name "chalcidoid" when referring to members of the superfamily.

Most chalcid wasps are parasitoids of other insects, though other life styles are known, with the herbivorous fig wasps acting as pollinators. Various species are used as biological pest control agents or in scientific research.
Rin Kadokura
Kazumi Sasaki (佐々木一美, Sasaki Kazumi) (née Sugiura), better known by her ring name Rin Kadokura (門倉凛, Kadokura Rin) is a Japanese professional wrestler. She is best known for her tenure with the Japanese professional wrestling promotion Pro Wrestling Wave where she is a former Wave Tag Team Champion.

Saki (wrestler)
Saki Watanabe (渡邊沙紀, Watanabe Saki; born February 12, 1988), mononymously known by her ring name Saki (often stylized in capital letters as SAKI) is a Japanese professional wrestler currently working as a freelancer and is best known for her tenure with the Japanese promotions Gatoh Move Pro Wrestling and Pro Wrestling Wave.