hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bessie Smith
Bessie Smith (April 15, 1892 – September 26, 1937) was an African-American blues singer widely renowned during the Jazz Age. Nicknamed the "Empress of the Blues" and formerly Queen of the Blues, she was the most popular female blues singer of the 1930s. Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1989, she is often regarded as one of the greatest singers of her era and was a major influence on fellow blues singers, as well as jazz vocalists.

Born in Chattanooga, Tennessee, Smith was young when her parents died, and she and her six siblings survived by performing on street corners. She began touring and performed in a group that included Ma Rainey, and then went out on her own. Her successful recording career with Columbia Records began in  1923, but her performing career was cut short by a car crash that killed her at the age of 45.

Lovie Austin
Cora "Lovie" Austin (September 19, 1887 – July 8, 1972) was an American Chicago bandleader, session musician, composer, singer, and arranger during the 1920s classic blues era. She and Lil Hardin Armstrong are often ranked as two of the best female jazz blues piano players of the period.
1616
1616 (MDCXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1616th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 616th  year of the 2nd millennium, the 16th  year of the 17th century, and the  7th   year of the 1610s decade. As of the start of 1616, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1620
1620 (MDCXX) was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1620th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 620th  year of the 2nd millennium, the 20th  year of the 17th century, and the  1st   year of the 1620s decade. As of the start of 1620, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Sauvignon (French: [kabɛʁnɛ soviɲɔ̃]) is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties. It is grown in nearly every major wine producing country among a diverse spectrum of climates from Australia and  British Columbia, Canada to Lebanon's Beqaa Valley.

This grape variety appeared in France in the 17th century as a result of natural crossbreeding. Its popularity is often attributed to its ease of cultivation—the grapes have thick skins and the vines are hardy and naturally low yielding, budding late to avoid frost and resistant to viticulture hazards.

The classic profile of Cabernet Sauvignon tends to be full-bodied wines with high tannins and noticeable acidity that contributes to the wine's aging potential. In cool areas, it has flavors of blackcurrant and green pepper; in warmer places, it may taste like black cherry and olive; in very hot climates, it can have a jammy flavor.

Concord grape
The Concord grape is a cultivar derived from the grape species Vitis labrusca (also known as fox grape) that is used mainly as wine grapes and for manufacturing grape juice. The grape, a hybrid crossed with one-third Vitis vinifera, is named after the town in Massachusetts where it was developed. In the early 20th century, it was a common variety introduced to the western United States.

In the 21st century, the state of Washington produces more Concord grapes than any other state, and is the location of major grape juice production, particularly by Welch's in Grandview.
Karnataka Legislative Assembly
The Karnataka Legislative Assembly (formerly the Mysore Legislative Assembly) is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of the southern Indian state of Karnataka. Karnataka is one of the six states in India where the state legislature is bicameral, comprising two houses: the Vidhan Sabha (lower house) and the Vidhan Parishad (upper house).

There are 224 Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) and are directly elected  through adult franchise. Karnataka is thus divided into 224 constituencies to elect members to the Assembly, each constituency electing one member. The assembly is elected using the simple plurality or "first past the post" electoral system. The elections are conducted by the Election Commission of India.

Bidar Lok Sabha constituency
Bidar Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 28 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Karnataka state in India. This constituency came into existence in 1962. It was reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled castes till 2008. It comprises the entire Bidar district and part of Kalaburagi district.
Feral
A feral (/ˈfɛrəl/; from Latin  fera 'a wild beast') animal or plant is one that lives in the wild but is descended from domesticated individuals. As with an introduced species, the introduction of feral animals or plants to non-native regions may disrupt ecosystems and has, in some cases, contributed to extinction of indigenous species.  The removal of feral species is a major focus of island restoration.

Endangered species
An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular region. Endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching, invasive species, and climate change. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List lists the global conservation status of many species, and various other agencies assess the status of species within particular areas. Many nations have laws that protect conservation-reliant species which, for example, forbid hunting or harvesting, restrict land development, or create protected areas. Some endangered species are the target of extensive conservation efforts such as captive breeding and habitat restoration.

Human activity is a significant factor in causing species to become endangered.
Late Cretaceous
The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the more recent of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous is named after creta, the Latin word for the white limestone known as chalk. The chalk of northern France and the white cliffs of south-eastern England date from the  Cretaceous Period.

Bostobe Formation
The Bostobe Formation (Kazakh: Boztóbe svıtasy) is a geological formation in Qaraghandy & Qyzylorda, Kazakhstan whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous (Santonian to early Campanian stages, approximately 85 Ma).

The sandstones and claystones of the formation were deposited in estuarine, fluvial-lacustrine and fluvial-deltaic environments.

Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation. The formation is about 45 metres (148 ft) thick and consists primarily of clay with interbeds of sand, representing an estuarine environment.
College-preparatory school
A college-preparatory school (often shortened to prep school, preparatory school, college prep school or college prep academy) is a type of secondary school. The term refers to public, private independent or parochial schools primarily designed to prepare students for higher education.

Pre-kindergarten
Pre-kindergarten (also called pre-K or PK) is a voluntary classroom-based preschool program for children below the age of five in the United States, Canada, Turkey and Greece (when kindergarten starts). It may be delivered through a preschool or within a reception year in elementary school. Pre-kindergartens play an important role in early childhood education. They have existed in the US since 1922, normally run by private organizations. The U.S. Head Start program, the country's first federally funded pre-kindergarten program, was founded in 1967. This attempts to prepare children (especially disadvantaged children) to succeed in school.
Khuzestan province
Khuzestan province ([xuːzest̪ʰɒːn] ⓘ; Persian: استان خوزستان) is one of the 31 Provinces of Iran. Located in the southwest of the country, the province borders Iraq and the Persian Gulf, covering an area of 63,238 square kilometres (24,416 mi2). Its capital is the city of Ahvaz. Since 2014, it has been part of Iran's Region 4.

Khuzestan comprises much of what historians refer to as ancient Elam, whose capital was at Susa. It was once one of the most important regions in the Ancient Near East.

Shavur Rural District
Shavur Rural District (Persian: دهستان شاوور) is in Shavur District of Karkheh County, Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Seyyed Rahimeh. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Rashk-e Shavur, now the city of Shavur.
Hesse
Hesse or Hessen (German: Hessen [ˈhɛsn̩] ⓘ), officially the State of Hesse (German: Land Hessen), is a state in Germany. Its capital city is Wiesbaden, and the largest urban area is Frankfurt, which is also the country's principal financial centre. Two other major historic cities are Darmstadt and Kassel. With an area of 21,114.73 square kilometers and a population of over six million, it ranks seventh and fifth, respectively, among the sixteen German states. Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Germany's second-largest metropolitan area (after Rhine-Ruhr), is mainly located in Hesse.

As a cultural region, Hesse also includes the area known as Rhenish Hesse (Rheinhessen) in the neighboring state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

Schwalm-Eder
Schwalm-Eder is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 169. It is located in northern Hesse, comprising the Schwalm-Eder-Kreis district and the southern part of the Waldeck-Frankenberg district.

Schwalm-Eder was created for the inaugural 1949 federal election. From 2009 to 2025, it has been represented by Edgar Franke of the Social Democratic Party (SPD).
Miranda Ayim
Miranda Joy Ayim (born May 6, 1988) is a Canadian basketball player for Basket Landes in France. Ayim is a captain of the Canada women's national team and competed for Canada in three Olympics between 2012 and 2021.

Kim Gaucher
Kim Smith Gaucher (née Kim Smith, May 7, 1984) is a Canadian professional basketball player for the USO Mondeville of the Ligue Féminine de Basketball. She played college basketball for the Utah Utes. She was drafted with the thirteenth overall pick in the 2006 WNBA draft by the Sacramento Monarchs.
Cassard-class frigate
The Cassard class (Type F70 AA) was a class of two anti-air warfare destroyers of the French Navy introduced in the latter 1980s/early 1990s. The class was an air defence variant of the Georges Leygues class. The two classes have a different armament and propulsion system mounted on an identical hull. Their primary role was to provide air cover for a fleet, an aeronaval group, a convoy & a littoral point. Their secondary role was to manage air assets coordination & aircraft control for the force, especially through Link 16.They can also be used for research, identification or presence missions. Both ships were assigned to the Force d'Action Navale. The lead ship of the class, Cassard, was retired in 2019 followed by the retirement of Jean Bart in 2021.

The experience gained during the design and construction of the Cassard type was used for the design of the La Fayette class.

FREMM multipurpose frigate
The European multi-purpose frigate or FREMM (French: Frégate Européenne Multi-Mission; Italian: Fregata Europea Multi-Missione) is a Franco-Italian family of warships designed by Naval Group and Fincantieri. This surface combatant is known in France as the Aquitaine class (17 units planned, of which 9 were later cancelled) and in Italy as the Bergamini class (10 units planned). The lead ship of the class, Aquitaine, was commissioned in November 2012 by the French Navy. Italy has ordered six general purpose and four anti-submarine variants. France, on the other hand, has ordered six anti-submarine variants and two air-defense ones.

The FREMM has also been exported to various countries. Prior to the cancellation of the project, the United States Navy had intended to use a FREMM variant for the Constellation class of 20 frigates.
Snout
A snout is the protruding portion of an animal's face, consisting of its nose, mouth, and jaw. In many animals, the structure is called a muzzle, rostrum, beak, trunk or proboscis. The wet furless surface around the nostrils of the nose of many mammals is called the rhinarium (colloquially this is the "cold wet snout" of some mammals). The rhinarium is often associated with a stronger sense of olfaction.

Mouth
A mouth, also referred to as the oral, is the body orifice through which many animals ingest food and vocalize. The body cavity immediately behind the mouth opening, known as the oral cavity (or cavum oris in Latin), is also the first part of the alimentary canal, which leads to the pharynx and the gullet. In tetrapod vertebrates, the mouth is bounded on the outside by the lips and cheeks — thus the oral cavity is also known as the buccal cavity (from Latin bucca, meaning "cheek") — and contains the tongue on the inside. Except for some groups like birds and lissamphibians, vertebrates usually have teeth in their mouths, although some fish species have pharyngeal teeth instead of oral teeth.

Most bilaterian phyla, including arthropods, molluscs and chordates, have a two-opening gut tube with a mouth at one end and an anus at the other. Which end forms first in ontogeny is a criterion used to classify bilaterian animals into protostomes and deuterostomes.
Life peer
In the United Kingdom, life peers are appointed members of the peerage whose titles cannot be inherited, in contrast to hereditary peers. Life peers are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister. With the exception of the Dukedom of Edinburgh awarded for life to Prince Edward in 2023, all life peerages conferred since 2009 have been created under the Life Peerages Act 1958 with the rank of baron. Such peerages entitle (or perhaps obligate) the holder to sit and vote in the House of Lords (so long as they meet qualifications such as age and citizenship). Prior to 2009, life peers of baronial rank could also be created under the Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876 for senior judges, referred to as Law Lords, with functions then taken over by the new Supreme Court.

The legitimate children of a life peer appointed under the Life Peerages Act 1958 are entitled to style themselves with the prefix "The Honourable", although they cannot inherit the peerage.

2016 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours
The 2016 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours are honours awarded following the July 2016 resignation of Prime Minister David Cameron. The life peerages and other honours were issued as two separate lists by the Cabinet Office on 4 August 2016 and all honours were gazetted as one list on 16 August 2016. This was the first Prime Minister's Resignation Honours since 1997.

On 22 July 2016, it was alleged that officials in the Cabinet Office and the House of Lords Appointments Commission had blocked the list, citing ethical concerns about some of the intended recipients of honours, particularly those destined for the peerage. Many of the names of those honoured were leaked and published in the press on 31 July.  On 1 August, Downing Street spokesperson said that the incoming prime minister, Theresa May, would not intervene in Cameron's resignation honours.
Northern Ireland Environment Agency
The Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA) is an executive agency within the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA). It is responsible for conservation of Northern Ireland's environment and natural heritage.

Originally part of the Department of the Environment (DOENI), the agency was called the Environment and Heritage Service (EHS) until 1 July 2008, and also had responsibility for the historic environment. On 16 May 2016 the DOENI was dissolved and NIEA became part of DAERA. At the same time, the historic environment functions of NIEA were transferred to the Department for Communities.

NIEA is responsible for a range of protected areas in Northern Ireland, including eight areas of outstanding natural beauty, 47 national nature reserves, 43 special areas of conservation, and 10 special protection areas. The NIEA employs 630 people as of 2020.

Environment Agency
The Environment Agency (EA) is a non-departmental public body, established in 1996 and sponsored by the United Kingdom government's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, with responsibilities relating to the protection and enhancement of the environment in England (and until 2013 also Wales).

Based in Bristol, the Environment Agency is responsible for flood management, waste management, regulating land and water pollution, and conservation.
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a fantasy novel by British author J. K. Rowling. It is the fifth and longest novel in the Harry Potter series. It follows Harry Potter's struggles through his fifth year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, including the surreptitious return of the antagonist Lord Voldemort, O.W.L. exams, and an obstructive Ministry of Magic. The novel was published on 21 June 2003 by Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom, Scholastic in the United States, and Raincoast in Canada. It sold five million copies in the first 24 hours of publication.

Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix won several awards, including the American Library Association Best Book Award for Young Adults in 2003. The book was also made into a 2007 film, and a video game by Electronic Arts.

Magical objects in Harry Potter
Magical objects make frequent appearances in the Harry Potter novels and film adaptations, creating and resolving major plot elements, establishing the fantasy world the characters inhabit, and often driving comic episodes.
NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series
The  NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series (NOAPS) is a stock car racing series organized by NASCAR. It is the company's second national division, behind the NASCAR Cup Series and in front of NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series. NOAPS events are frequently held as a support race on the day prior to a Cup Series event scheduled for that weekend.

The series was previously called the Budweiser Late Model Sportsman Series in 1982 and 1983, the NASCAR Busch Grand National Series from 1984 through 2002, the NASCAR Busch Series from 2003 through 2007, the NASCAR Nationwide Series from 2008 through 2014, and the NASCAR Xfinity Series from 2015 to 2025. Under the Xfinity name, it was sponsored by Comcast via its consumer cable and wireless brand. O'Reilly Auto Parts assumed title sponsorship in 2026.

Young's Motorsports
Young's Motorsports is an American professional stock car racing team that competes in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series. They field the No. 02 Chevrolet Camaro SS full-time for Ryan Ellis and the No. 42 for multiple drivers. They previously competed in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series and ARCA Menards Series.
Ergative case
In grammar, the ergative case (abbreviated erg) is the grammatical case that identifies a nominal phrase  as the agent of a transitive verb in ergative–absolutive languages.

Comparing this with English: we use a Subject-Object model where the Subject is the "doer" and the object is the one done to.  For example, a sentence like "I help him" is Subject-Noun-Object (a transitive sentence) and "He sleeps" is Subject-Noun with no object (intransitive).  But in languages that use an Ergative-Absolutive model, the Ergative is used as "doer" only in a transitive sentence, otherwise the Absolutive is used.  So it's like saying "I help him" (Ergative-Noun-Absolutive) but "Him sleeps" (Absolutive-Noun) (= sleeping is happening to him).

Locative case
In grammar, the locative case (/ˈlɒkətɪv/ LOK-ə-tiv; abbreviated LOC) is a grammatical case which indicates a location. In languages using it, the locative case may perform a function which in English would be expressed with such prepositions as "in", "on", "at", and "by". The locative case belongs to the general local cases, together with the lative and ablative case.

The locative case exists in many language groups.
Tancred, King of Sicily
Tancred (Italian: Tancredi; 1138 – 20 February 1194) was King of Sicily from 1189 to 1194. He was born in Lecce, an illegitimate son of Roger III, Duke of Apulia (the eldest son of King Roger II) by his mistress Emma, a daughter of Achard II, Count of Lecce. He inherited the title "Count of Lecce" from his grandfather and is consequently often referred to as Tancred of Lecce.  Due to his short stature and unhandsome visage, he was mocked by his critics as "The Monkey King".

Joan of England, Queen of Sicily
Joan of England (October 1165 – 4 September 1199) was by marriage Queen of Sicily and Countess of Toulouse. She was the seventh child of King Henry II of England and Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine. From her birth, she was destined to make a political and royal marriage. She married William II of Sicily and later Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse, two very important and powerful figures in the political landscape of medieval Europe.
Califon, New Jersey
Califon is a borough in Hunterdon County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 1,005, a decrease of 71 (−6.6%) from the 2010 census count of 1,076, which in turn reflected an increase of 21 (+2.0%) from the 1,055 counted in the 2000 census.

The borough's name is said to have been inspired by the California gold rush of 1849. The name was shortened to Califon, supposedly because the longer name could not be fit on signs at the train station.

Full-time equivalent
Full-time equivalent (FTE), or whole time equivalent (WTE), is a unit of measurement that indicates the workload of an employed person (or student) in a way that makes workloads or class loads comparable across various contexts. FTE is often used to measure a worker's or student's involvement in a project, or to track cost reductions in an organization. An FTE of 1.0 is equivalent to a full-time worker or student, while an FTE of 0.5 signals half of a full work or school load.
Racing Engineering
Racing Engineering is a Spanish racing team founded in 1999 by Alfonso de Orleans-Borbón that currently competes in the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series. The team's headquarters are located in Sanlúcar de Barrameda, near Jerez, where all car preparation and race team organization is based. The team has won 12 championships in many categories, including Spanish Formula 3, World Series by Nissan, and GP2 Series. Notable former Racing Engineering drivers include Sebastian Vettel, Lucas di Grassi, Alexander Rossi and Justin Wilson.

Norman Nato
Norman Jean Claude Nato (born 8 July 1992) is a French racing driver. He races in the Formula E World Championship for the Nissan Formula E Team, and in the FIA World Endurance Championship for Cadillac Hertz Team Jota in the Hypercar category.

Nato is known for finishing as the runner-up in the 2010 F4 Eurocup 1.6 season and the 2012 Formula Renault 2.0 Alps season, and for winning both in Monaco and Hungary in the 2014 Formula Renault 3.5 Series season.
Upper Freehold Township, New Jersey
Upper Freehold Township is a township in Monmouth County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 7,273, an increase of 371 (+5.4%) from the 2010 census count of 6,902, which in turn reflected an increase of 2,620 (+61.2%) from the 4,282 counted in the 2000 census.

County Route 524 (New Jersey)
County Route 524 (CR 524) is a county highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The highway extends 39.90 miles (64.21 km) from the White Horse Circle (U.S. Route 206 [US 206] and CR 533) in Hamilton Township, Mercer County, to Route 71 in Spring Lake Heights, Monmouth County.

There are a few concrete bridge heads which showed that the section of CR 524 between the White Horse Circle and Allentown was in the 1930s part of Route 37.