hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Β-Lactam
A  β-lactam (beta-lactam) ring is a four-membered lactam. A lactam is a cyclic amide, and beta-lactams are named so because the nitrogen atom is attached to the β-carbon atom relative to the carbonyl. The simplest β-lactam possible is 2-azetidinone. β-lactams are significant structural units of medicines as manifested in many β-lactam antibiotics. Up to 1970, most β-lactam research was concerned with the penicillin and cephalosporin groups, but since then, a wide variety of structures have been described.

Aminoglycoside
Aminoglycoside is a medicinal and bacteriologic category of traditional Gram-negative antibacterial medications that inhibit protein synthesis and contain as a portion of the molecule an amino-modified glycoside (sugar). The term can also refer more generally to any organic molecule that contains amino sugar substructures. Aminoglycoside antibiotics display bactericidal activity against Gram-negative aerobes and some anaerobic bacilli where resistance has not yet arisen but generally not against Gram-positive and anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria.

Streptomycin is the first-in-class aminoglycoside antibiotic. It is derived from Streptomyces griseus and is the earliest modern agent used against tuberculosis. Streptomycin lacks the common 2-deoxystreptamine moiety (image right, below) present in most other members of this class. Other examples of aminoglycosides include the deoxystreptamine-containing agents kanamycin, tobramycin, gentamicin, and neomycin (see below).
169th New York State Legislature
The 169th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 7, 1953, to June 10, 1954, during the eleventh and twelfth years of Thomas E. Dewey's governorship, in Albany.

171st New York State Legislature
The 171st New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 9, 1957, to March 26, 1958, during the third and fourth years of W. Averell Harriman's governorship, in Albany.
Craig Krenzel
Craig Krenzel (born July 1, 1981) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback in the National Football League (NFL).  He played college football for the Ohio State Buckeyes.  As the starting quarterback, he led their 2002 team to a national championship.  He played professionally in the NFL for one season with the Chicago Bears in 2004.

Michael Jenkins (wide receiver)
Michael Gerard Jenkins (born June 18, 1982) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected in the first round of the 2004 NFL draft by the Atlanta Falcons and also played for the Minnesota Vikings. He played college football at Ohio State University.
Magnolia, New Jersey
Magnolia is a borough in Camden County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 4,352, an increase of 11 (+0.3%) from the 2010 census count of 4,341, which in turn reflected a decline of 68 (−1.5%) from the 4,409 counted in the 2000 census.

Twelfth grade
Twelfth grade (also known as grade 12, senior year, standard 12, 12th standard, 12th class, class 12th, or class 12) is the final year of formal or compulsory education in many parts of the world. It is typically the last year of secondary school and K–12 education. Students in twelfth grade are generally 17–18 years old. While some countries have a thirteenth grade, others may not include a 12th grade/year in their educational system.
Chacarita Juniors
Club Atlético Chacarita Juniors (usually known simply as Chacarita) is an Argentine football club headquartered in Villa Crespo, Buenos Aires, while the stadium is located in Villa Maipú, General San Martín Partido of Greater Buenos Aires.

The squad currently plays in Primera Nacional, the second division of the Argentine football league system.

Club Atlético Brown
Club Atlético Brown (mostly known as Brown de Adrogué) is an Argentine football club from the Adrogué neighborhood in Greater Buenos Aires. The team currently plays in Primera B Nacional, the second division of the Argentine football league system.
Brevard County Manatees
The Brevard County Manatees were a minor league baseball team of the Class A-Advanced Florida State League from 1994 to 2016. They were based in Viera, Florida, and played their home games at Space Coast Stadium. The team left Brevard County after the 2016 season for Kissimmee, Florida, where they began play in 2017 as the Florida Fire Frogs.

The team′s mascot was a manatee. From 1994 to 2001, he was named Hugh Manatee (a pun on "humanity"), and from 2002 to 2016 he was known as Manny Manatee.

Helena Brewers
The Helena Brewers were a Minor League Baseball team in the Pioneer League located in Helena, Montana, from 1978 to 2018. The team played their home games at Kindrick Legion Field, which was built in 1939. They were affiliated with the Milwaukee Brewers (1985–2000, 2003–2018) and Philadelphia Phillies (1978–1983).

Among the best-known players to play in Helena are Hall of Famer Ryne Sandberg, who started his career with the Phillies in Helena, Gary Sheffield, who started his career with the Helena Gold Sox in 1986, Jeff Cirillo and Mark Loretta who began their careers with the 1991 and 1993 Helena Brewers, respectively; and Milwaukee Brewers outfielder Ryan Braun.
AP Chemistry
Advanced Placement (AP) Chemistry (also known as AP Chem) is a course and examination offered by the College Board as a part of the Advanced Placement Program to give American and Canadian high school students the opportunity to demonstrate their abilities and earn college-level credits at certain colleges and universities. The AP Chemistry Exam has the lowest test participation rate out of all AP courses, with around half of AP Chemistry students taking the exam.

AP Spanish Language and Culture
Advanced Placement (AP) Spanish Language and Culture (also known as AP Spanish Language, AP Spanish IV, AP SpLang, or AP Spanish) is a course and examination offered by the College Board in the United States education system as part of the Advanced Placement Program.
Glossary of professional wrestling terms
Professional wrestling has accrued a considerable amount of jargon throughout its existence. Much of it stems from the industry's origins in the days of carnivals and circuses. In the past, professional wrestlers used such terms in the presence of fans so as not to reveal the worked nature of the business. Into the 21st century, widespread discussion on the Internet has popularized these terms. Many of the terms refer to the financial aspects of professional wrestling in addition to in-ring terms.

Survivor Series (1988)
The 1988 Survivor Series was the second annual Survivor Series professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation. It took place on November 24, 1988, (Thanksgiving night in the United States) at the Richfield Coliseum in Richfield Township, Ohio for the second consecutive year. Four matches were contested at the event.

The main event was a ten-man Survivor Series match between a team captained by The Mega Powers (Hulk Hogan and Macho Man Randy Savage), and a team captained by The Twin Towers (Akeem and the Big Boss Man). Hogan and Savage were the survivors of the match. The undercard consisted of three further Survivor Series matches.
Kimberley, South Africa
Kimberley  (Khoekhoe: ǃ’Ās; Tswana: Kimbali) is the capital and largest city of the Northern Cape province of South Africa. It is located approximately 110 km east of the confluence of the Vaal and Orange Rivers. The city has considerable historical significance because of its diamond mining past and the siege during the Second Boer War. The British businessmen Cecil Rhodes and Barney Barnato made their fortunes in Kimberley, and Rhodes also established the De Beers diamond company in the early days of the mining town.

On 2 September 1882, Kimberley became the first city in the Southern Hemisphere and the second in the world after Philadelphia, in the United States, to install electric street lighting. The first stock exchange in Africa was built in Kimberley as early as 1881.

Prieska
Prieska is a town on the south bank of the Orange River, in the province of the Northern Cape, in western South Africa. It is located on the southern bank of the Orange River, 130 km north-west of Britstown and 75 km south-east of Marydale.
Master of Laws
A Master of Laws (M.L. or LL.M.; Latin: Magister Legum or Legum Magister) is a postgraduate academic degree, pursued by those either holding an undergraduate academic law degree or a professional law degree.

In many jurisdictions, the LL.M. is an advanced professional degree for those already admitted to legal practice.

Erasmus University Rotterdam
Erasmus University Rotterdam (Dutch: Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam [eːˈrɑsmʏs ynivɛrsiˈtɛit rɔtərˈdɑm]; abbreviated as EUR) is a public research university located in Rotterdam, Netherlands. The university is named after Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus, a 15th-century Christian humanist and theologian.

Erasmus MC, the teaching hospital and medical school of Erasmus University, is one of the largest medical institutions in Western Europe and the foremost medical and trauma centers in the Netherlands.
Loja Province
Loja Province (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈlo.xa]) is one of 24 provinces in Ecuador and shares its southern border on the west with El Oro Province, on the north with El Azuay, and on the east with Zamora-Chinchipe. Founded on its present site in 1548 by Captain Alonso de Mercadillo (Spanish), the site had been previously moved and rebuilt from La Toma due to earthquakes. It also is named as "Cuxibamba Valley", from the Quichua language, which means the "Smiley Valley".

Tungurahua Province
Tungurahua (Spanish: Provincia del Tungurahua, literally Province of the Tungurahua; pronounced [tuŋɡuˈɾawa]) is one of the twenty-four provinces of Ecuador. Its capital is Ambato. The province takes its name from the Tungurahua volcano, which is located within the boundaries of the provinces.
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
The Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (German: [ˈfʁaŋkfʊʁtɐ ʔalɡəˈmaɪnə ˈtsaɪtʊŋ]; FAZ; "Frankfurt General Newspaper") is a German newspaper founded in 1949. It is published daily in Frankfurt and is considered a newspaper of record for Germany. Its Sunday edition is the Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung ([- ˈzɔntaːksˌtsaɪtʊŋ]; FAS).

The paper runs its own network of correspondents. Its editorial policy is not determined by a single editor, but cooperatively by four editors.

2015 World Men's Handball Championship
The 2015 World Men's Handball Championship was the 24th staging of the World Men's Handball Championship, organised by the International Handball Federation (IHF). The final tournament was held for the first time in Qatar, from 15 January to 1 February 2015. The Qatari bid was selected over those of Norway, Poland and France after a vote by the IHF Council on 27 January 2011, in Malmö, Sweden. 
This was the third time that the World Championship was hosted in the Middle East And North Africa, after Egypt in 1999 and Tunisia in 2005.

France won the final against Qatar 25–22 to win their fifth title, a first in handball history while Qatar won their first ever medal.
Poland captured the bronze medal by defeating Spain 29–28 after extra time. Denmark secured the fifth place by winning against Croatia which finished sixth and thus had the worst result in the past 13 years of international handball competing.

The competition was marred by numerous controversies throughout.
God the Son
God the Son (Greek: Θεὸς ὁ Υἱός, Latin: Deus Filius) or God the Word (Greek: Θεὸς ὁ Λόγος, Latin: Deus Verbum) is the second Person of the Trinity in Christian theology. According to mainstream Christian doctrine, God the Son, in the form of Jesus Christ, is the incarnation of the eternal, pre-existent divine Logos (Koine Greek for "word") through whom all things were created. Although the precise term "God the Son" does not appear in the Bible, it serves as a theological designation expressing the understanding of Jesus as a part of the Trinity, distinct yet united in essence with God the Father and God the Holy Spirit (the first and third Persons of the Trinity respectively).

The Son is the radiance of God’s glory and the exact representation of His being, sustaining all things by His powerful Word. After He had provided purification for sins, He sat down at the right hand of the Majesty in heaven.

Minuscule 33
Minuscule 33 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), δ 48 (Soden), before the French Revolution was called Codex Colbertinus 2844. It is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on parchment, dated palaeographically to the 9th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It has marginalia. According to the textual critics it is one of the best minuscule manuscripts of the New Testament.
Robert Hassell III
Robert Harris Hassell III (born August 15, 2001) is an American professional baseball outfielder for the Washington Nationals of Major League Baseball (MLB). He was selected eighth overall by the San Diego Padres in the 2020 MLB draft. He was traded to the Nationals in 2022 and made his MLB debut in 2025.

Juan Soto trade
The Juan Soto trade was a blockbuster sports trade between the Washington Nationals, and San Diego Padres of the Major League Baseball (MLB) made on August 2, 2022. The centerpiece was Nationals outfielder Juan Soto, regarded as one of the best hitters of this generation. The magnitude of this transaction drew comparisons to the Herschel Walker trade in the NFL for its 8-player trade. Originally regarded as an overwhelming success for the Padres, it has now became one of the most lopsided trades in MLB history with many coming to a consensus that the Nationals easily won the trade. However, the Soto trade created a domino effect after the Padres shipped Soto off to the New York Yankees during the 2024 MLB Offseason.
Cetus (constellation)
Cetus (/ˈsiːtəs/ SEE-təss) is a constellation, sometimes called 'the whale' in English. The Cetus was a sea monster in Greek mythology which both Perseus and Heracles needed to slay. Cetus is in the region of the sky that contains other water-related constellations: Aquarius, Pisces and Eridanus.

Star system
A star system or stellar system is a small number of stars that orbit each other, bound by gravitational attraction. It may sometimes be used to refer to a single star. A large group of stars bound by gravitation is generally called a star cluster or galaxy, although, broadly speaking, they are also star systems. Star systems are not to be confused with planetary systems, which include planets and similar bodies (such as comets).
Grey long-eared bat
The grey long-eared bat (Plecotus austriacus) is a fairly large European bat.  It has distinctive ears, long and with a distinctive fold.  It hunts above woodland, often by day, and mostly for moths.  In captivity, it has also been recorded to eat small lizards. It is extremely similar to the more common brown long-eared bat, and was only distinguished in the 1960s, but has a paler belly.

Lesser mouse-eared bat
The lesser mouse-eared bat or lesser mouse-eared myotis (Myotis blythii) is a species of insectivorous bat in the family Vespertilionidae. This species has a wide distribution from the Iberian Peninsula to China.
Federal Bureau of Prisons
The Federal Bureau of Prisons (FBOP) is a federal law enforcement agency of the United States Department of Justice that is responsible for all federal prisons in the country and provides for the care, custody, and control of federal prisoners.

Supermax prison
A super-maximum security (supermax) or administrative maximum (ADX) prison is a "control-unit" prison, or a unit within prisons, which represents the most secure level of custody in the prison systems of certain countries.

The objective is to provide long-term, segregated housing for inmates classified as the highest security risks in the prison system and those who pose an extremely serious threat to both national and global security.
Wonder Woman (TV series)
Wonder Woman, known for seasons 2 and 3 as The New Adventures of Wonder Woman, is an American superhero television series based on the DC Comics comic book superhero of the same name. It stars Lynda Carter as Wonder Woman / Diana Prince and Lyle Waggoner as Steve Trevor Sr. and Jr., and aired for three seasons, from 1975 to 1979. The show's first season aired on ABC and is set in the 1940s, during World War II. The second and third seasons aired on CBS and are set in the then-current day late 1970s, with the title changed to The New Adventures of Wonder Woman.

The Amazing Spider-Man (TV series)
The Amazing Spider-Man (known simply as Spider-Man for the second season) is an American superhero television series based on the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man. It is the second live-action television series appearance of a Marvel character. Spidey Super Stories aired three years earlier on The Electric Company. It was shown on CBS in the United States from September 14, 1977 to July 6, 1979. Though it was a considerable ratings success, the CBS series was cancelled after just 13 episodes, which included a pilot film airing in autumn of 1977. Despite its storylines being set in New York City (the character's hometown), the series was mostly filmed in Los Angeles.
Procopius
Procopius of Caesarea (/proʊˈkoʊpiəs/; Ancient Greek: Προκόπιος ὁ Καισαρεύς Prokópios ho Kaisareús; Latin: Procopius Caesariensis; c. 500 – 565) was a prominent late antique Greek scholar and historian from Caesarea Maritima. Accompanying the Roman general Belisarius in Emperor Justinian's wars, Procopius became the principal historian of the 6th century, writing the History of the Wars, the Buildings, and the infamous Secret History.

Corippus
Flavius Cresconius Corippus (floruit 565) was a Roman African epic poet who flourished under East Roman emperors Justinian I and Justin II. His major works are the epic poem Iohannis, a panegyric called "Panegyric of Anastasius", and a poem in praise of the Emperor Justin II, In laudem Iustini minoris. Corippus was probably the last important Latin author of Late Antiquity.
2000 MLS All-Star Game
The 2000 Major League Soccer All-Star Game was the fifth MLS All-Star Game. It was played on July 29, 2000 at Columbus Crew Stadium in Columbus, Ohio. In the highest scoring MLS All-Star Game, the Eastern Conference won 9-4.

Players from the league's three division were divided into East and West teams, decided by fans through voting online and at stadiums and stores.

1997 MLS All-Star Game
The 1997 Major League Soccer All-Star Game was the second Major League Soccer All-Star Game, a soccer match involving all-stars from Major League Soccer. Teams of the best players from each conference played against each other at Giants Stadium, East Rutherford, on July 9, 1997. The MLS All-Stars East won the game 5–4, with goals from MVP Carlos Valderrama, Giuseppe Galderisi, Robert Warzycha, Richie Williams and Brian McBride. Dante Washington, Jorge Campos, Digital Takawira and Cobi Jones scored for the MLS All-Stars West. Arturo Angeles refereed the game, which was attended by 24,816 spectators.
Naruki Doi
Naruki Doi (土井 成樹, Doi Naruki; born October 4, 1980) is a Japanese professional wrestler  currently performing for Dragon Gate, DDT Pro-Wrestling and All Japan Pro-Wrestling as a freelancer. He also wrestled for Ring of Honor (ROH) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA); in the former promotion, he was a one-time  ROH World Tag Team Champion with Shingo Takagi.

Flamita
Flamita (born November 30, 1994) is a Mexican luchador enmascarado (or masked professional wrestler). In addition to working for promotions such as Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA) and Desastre Total Ultraviolento (DTU) in his native country, Flamita is also known for his work in Japanese promotions Dragon Gate and Gleat.

Flamita is a third-generation professional wrestler. His real name is not a matter of public record as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico. Dave Meltzer has called Flamita "one of the best [high-flying wrestlers] in the world", comparing him to Rey Mysterio.
Antoni Ramallets
Antoni Ramallets Simón (1 July 1924 – 30 July 2013) was a Spanish football goalkeeper and manager.

He spent most of his career at FC Barcelona, during the 1950s and early 1960s, winning the Ricardo Zamora Trophy as the best goalkeeper in La Liga on five occasions, and 18 major club honours.

He represented Spain in the 1950 FIFA World Cup and, in the 1960s, managed several clubs in his country, notably winning two major trophies with Real Zaragoza.

Joan Segarra
Joan Segarra Iracheta (15 November 1927 – 3 September 2008) was a Spanish footballer who played as a defender. He spent 16 seasons with FC Barcelona between 1950 and 1964, in which he played 299 matches in La Liga and served as the team's captain for multiple years. He is ranked fifth among all players, by number of starts, in the history of Barcelona.

After retirement, Segarra stayed on as a youth team coach, eventually becoming first team assistant coach to Helenio Herrera.
International Olympic Committee
The International Olympic Committee (IOC) is the international, non-governmental, sports governing body of the modern Olympic Games. Founded in 1894 by Pierre de Coubertin and Demetrios Vikelas, it is based in Lausanne, Switzerland. The IOC is the authority responsible for organising the Summer, Winter, and Youth Olympics.  The IOC is also the governing body of the National Olympic Committees (NOCs) and the worldwide Olympic Movement, which includes all entities and individuals involved in the Olympic Games. As of 2020, 206 NOCs officially were recognised by the IOC. Since 2025, the IOC president has been Kirsty Coventry.

Latin American Economic System
The Latin American and the Caribbean Economic System, officially known as Sistema Económico Latinoamericano y del Caribe (SELA), is an organization founded in 1975 to promote economic cooperation and social development between Latin American and the Caribbean countries. In the early 1990s, its representatives consisted of members from 28 countries and took part in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) negotiations, which led to a new global agreement on restrictions on trade and established the World Trade Organization (WTO).

The Latin American Council represents SELA's policy-making body and meets once a year. The main administrative body is the secretariat, located in Caracas, Venezuela.
FC Thun
Fussballclub Thun 1898 is a Swiss football team from the Bernese Oberland town of Thun. The club plays in the Swiss Super League from 2025–26, the top tier of the Swiss football league system, following promotion from the Swiss Challenge League in the 2024–25 season. The club plays at the Stockhorn Arena which accommodates a total of 10,000 supporters, both seated and standing. The club's colours are red and white.

The biggest achievements in the club's history are two second-place finishes in the Swiss Cup (1955 and 2019), as well as reaching the group stages of the 2005–06 UEFA Champions League.

2010–11 Swiss Super League
The 2010–11 Swiss Super League was the 114th season of top-tier football in Switzerland. It began on 17 July 2010 and ended on 25 May 2011. The league comprised ten teams.

FC Basel successfully defended their league title, maintaining a one-point edge over runners-up FC Zürich at the end of the season. It was the 14th league title overall for the club.