hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chapman University
Chapman University is a private research university in Orange, California, United States. Encompassing eleven colleges, the university is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". The school maintains its founding affiliations with the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) and the United Church of Christ, but is a secular university.

Chapman University School of Law
The Chapman University School of Law (officially the Chapman University Dale E. Fowler School of Law) is a private, non-profit law school located in Orange, California. The school offers the Juris Doctor degree (JD) and combined degree programs including a JD/MBA, and a JD/MFA in Film & Television Producing. The school also offers emphasis options in Business Law, Criminal Law, Entertainment Law, Environmental Law, Entrepreneurial Law, International Law, Trial Advocacy, and Taxation. Currently, the school has 41 full-time and 58 part-time faculty and a law library with holdings in excess of 290,000 volumes and volume equivalents.
Battle of Cárdenas
The Battle of Cárdenas was a minor naval engagement of the Spanish–American War fought on 11 May 1898 in the port of Cárdenas, Cuba, between an American squadron of 5 ships under Captain Chapman C. Todd and 3 small Spanish vessels under Mariano Mateu. The battle resulted in an unusually costly American reverse that dissuaded the U.S. Navy from undertaking further attacks on the port.

First Battle of Cárdenas
The First Battle of Cárdenas was a naval action fought in May 1898 during the Spanish–American War. A force of three Spanish vessels attempted to lift the blockade of Cárdenas but were repulsed and sent back into harbor by two United States Navy warships.
Herbert Hans Haupt
Herbert Hans Haupt (December 21, 1919 – August 8, 1942) was an American spy and saboteur for Nazi Germany during World War II. He was one of six Nazi saboteurs executed by the United States in 1942 for espionage and sabotage as part of Operation Pastorius; at least two of the implicated men, including Haupt, were American citizens.

Richard Quirin
Richard Quirin (26 April 1908 – 8 August 1942) was a German agent executed as a spy for Nazi Germany in World War II. He was one of eight agents involved in Operation Pastorius, and gave his name to the Supreme Court decision on the trial, Ex parte Quirin.
Lesser spotted woodpecker
The lesser spotted woodpecker (Dryobates minor) is a member of the woodpecker family Picidae. It was formerly assigned to the genus Dendrocopos (sometimes incorrectly spelt as Dendrocopus). Some taxonomic authorities continue to list the species there.

The range of the lesser spotted woodpecker is the Palearctic region, but several subspecies are recognised.

Willow tit
The willow tit (Poecile montanus) is a passerine bird in the tit family, Paridae. It is a widespread and common resident breeder throughout temperate and subarctic Europe and across the Palearctic. The plumage is grey-brown and off-white with a black cap and bib. It is more of a conifer specialist than the closely related marsh tit, which explains its breeding much farther north. It is resident, and most birds do not migrate.
Michael Kors
Michael David Kors (born Karl Anderson Jr.; August 9, 1959) is an American fashion designer. He is the chief creative officer of his brand, Michael Kors, which sells men's and women's ready-to-wear, accessories, watches, jewelry, footwear, and fragrance. On January 2, 2019, Michael Kors Holdings Limited officially changed its name to Capri Holdings Limited (NYSE: CPRI). As of December 2025, Michael Kors and Jimmy Choo are the two founder-led brands under Capri Holdings Limited.

Ralph Lauren Corporation
Ralph Lauren Corporation is a publicly traded American fashion and lifestyle brand founded in 1967 by Ralph Lauren in New York City. The company markets products in apparel, home, accessories, and fragrances, and is most known for its flagship brand, Polo Ralph Lauren. The company's brands include mid-range, sub-premium, and premium labels up to its highest priced luxury Ralph Lauren Purple Label apparel.

Ralph Lauren licenses its name and branding to Luxottica for eyewear; L'Oréal for fragrances and cosmetics; Hanesbrands for underwear and sleepwear; O5 Apparel for its Chaps brand; Kohl's and Hollander Sleep Products for bedding; Designers Guild for fabric and wallpaper; and Theodore Alexander for home furniture.
Epidermal growth factor
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a protein that stimulates cell growth and differentiation by binding to its receptor, EGFR. Human EGF is 6-kDa and has 53 amino acid residues and three intramolecular disulfide bonds.

EGF was originally described as a secreted peptide found in the submaxillary glands of mice and in human urine. EGF has since been found in many human tissues, including platelets, submandibular gland (submaxillary gland), and parotid gland. Initially, human EGF was known as urogastrone.

Fibroblast growth factor
Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) are a family of cell signalling proteins produced by the macrophages. They are involved in a wide variety of processes, most notably as crucial elements for normal development in animal cells. Any irregularities in their function will lead to a range of developmental defects.  These growth factors typically act as a systemic or locally circulating molecules of extracellular origin that activate cell surface receptors. A defining property of FGFs is that they bind to heparin and to heparan sulfate. Thus, some are sequestered in the extracellular matrix of tissues that contains heparan sulfate proteoglycans, and released locally upon injury or tissue remodeling.
Polish General Staff
Polish General Staff, formally known as the General Staff of the Polish Armed Forces (Polish: Sztab Generalny Wojska Polskiego) is the highest professional body within the Polish Armed Forces. Organizationally, it is an integral part of the Ministry of National Defence and the Chief of the General Staff is the highest ranking military officer at the Ministry. It was created in 1918, and was renamed the Main Staff (Sztab Główny) in 1928 before being reverted back to General Staff (Sztab Generalny) in 1945 by the Soviet-backed Communist government. Currently General Wiesław Kukuła holds the position of Chief of the General Staff of the Polish Armed Forces (Szef Sztabu Generalnego Wojska Polskiego).

ORP Tur
ORP Tur was a Polish minesweeper from the Cold War era, one of three vessels built under a Soviet license as part of the Project 254K series. Launched on 22 December 1956 at the Stocznia Gdynia, the ship entered service with the Polish Navy on 6 August 1957. Bearing hull designations T-62 and later 602, this heavily utilized vessel spent most of its career with the 12th Base Minesweeper Squadron of the 8th Coastal Defence Flotilla in Świnoujście. In 1978, the minesweeper was converted into a research vessel and served in this role until October 1991, as the last Polish unit of Project 254. While awaiting scrapping, the ship sank during a storm in Gdynia on 14 January 1993, and was later raised and scrapped.
Atlantic 10 Conference
The Atlantic 10 Conference (A-10) is a collegiate athletic conference whose schools compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association's (NCAA) Division I. The A-10's member schools are located mostly on the East Coast and  Midwest of the United States: Illinois, Missouri, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Virginia, and Washington, D.C.

Although some of its members are state-funded, half of its membership is made up of private, Catholic institutions. Despite the name, there are 14 full-time members in the conference; three affiliate members participate in women's field hockey and men's lacrosse.

The conference's commissioner since 2008 is Bernadette McGlade. In fall 2023 the A-10 moved its headquarters from Newport News, Virginia, to Washington, D.C.

Saint Louis University
Saint Louis University (SLU) is a private Jesuit research university in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. Founded in 1818 by Louis William Valentine DuBourg, it is the oldest university west of the Mississippi River and one of the oldest Jesuit universities in the United States. The university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

In the 2023–2024 academic year, SLU had an enrollment of 15,204 students. The student body included 8,502 undergraduate students and 6,702 graduate students that represent all 50 states and 96 countries.  The university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Spending and Doctorate Production".

For more than 50 years, the university has maintained the Saint Louis University Madrid Campus in Spain. SLU's athletic teams compete in the NCAA Division I as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference.
Oxford
Oxford (/ˈɒksfərd/ ⓘ) is a cathedral city and non-metropolitan district in Oxfordshire, England, of which it is the county town.

The city is home to the University of Oxford, the oldest university in the English-speaking world; it has buildings in every style of English architecture since late Anglo-Saxon. Oxford's industries include motor manufacturing, education, publishing, science, and information technologies.

Founded in the 8th century, it was granted city status in 1542. The city is located at the confluence of the rivers Thames (locally known as the Isis) and Cherwell. It had a population of 166,034 in 2024. It is 56 miles (90 km) north-west of London, 64 miles (103 km) south-east of Birmingham and 61 miles (98 km) north-east of Bristol.

St Anne's College, Oxford
St Anne's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. It was founded in 1879 and gained full college status in 1959. Originally a women's college, it has admitted men since 1979. It has some 450 undergraduate and 200 graduate students and retains an original aim of allowing women of any financial background to study at Oxford. It still has a student base with a higher than average proportion of female students. The college stands between Woodstock and Banbury roads, next to the University Parks.

In April 2017, Helen King, a retired Metropolitan Police Assistant Commissioner, took over as Principal from Tim Gardam. Former members include Danny Alexander, Edwina Currie, Ruth Deech, Helen Fielding, William MacAskill, Amanda Pritchard, Simon Rattle, Tina Brown, Mr Hudson and Victor Ubogu.
NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series
The  NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series (NOAPS) is a stock car racing series organized by NASCAR. It is the company's second national division, behind the NASCAR Cup Series and in front of NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series. NOAPS events are frequently held as a support race on the day prior to a Cup Series event scheduled for that weekend.

The series was previously called the Budweiser Late Model Sportsman Series in 1982 and 1983, the NASCAR Busch Grand National Series from 1984 through 2002, the NASCAR Busch Series from 2003 through 2007, the NASCAR Nationwide Series from 2008 through 2014, and the NASCAR Xfinity Series from 2015 to 2025. Under the Xfinity name, it was sponsored by Comcast via its consumer cable and wireless brand. O'Reilly Auto Parts assumed title sponsorship in 2026.

Portland International Raceway
Portland International Raceway (PIR) is a motorsport facility located in Portland, Oregon, United States. It is part of the Delta Park complex on the former site of Vanport, just south of the Columbia River. It lies west of the Delta Park/Vanport light rail station and less than a mile west of Interstate 5.
Hougang Single Member Constituency
The Hougang Single Member Constituency is a single-member constituency (SMC) situated in north-eastern Singapore. It is managed by Aljunied–Hougang Town Council (AHTC). The current Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency is Dennis Tan from the Workers' Party (WP).

Sengkang Group Representation Constituency
The Sengkang Group Representation Constituency is a four-member group representation constituency (GRC) in north-eastern Singapore. It has four divisions: Anchorvale, Buangkok, Compassvale and Rivervale, managed by Sengkang Town Council. The current Members of Parliament (MPs) for the constituency are Abdul Muhaimin, Louis Chua, He Ting Ru and Jamus Lim from the Workers' Party (WP).
Teachta Dála
A Teachta Dála (/ˌtjɒxtə ˈdɔːlə/ TYOKH-tə DAW-lə; Irish: [ˌtʲaxt̪ˠə ˈd̪ˠaːlˠa] ⓘ; plural Teachtaí Dála), abbreviated as TD (plural TDanna in Irish, TDs in English), is a member of Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas, the parliament of Ireland. The official English translation of the term is "Dáil Deputy". An equivalent position would be a Member of Parliament (MP) in the UK or Member of Congress in the US.

1992 Irish general election
The 1992 Irish general election to the 27th Dáil was held on Wednesday, 25 November, almost three weeks after the dissolution of the 26th Dáil on 5 November by President Mary Robinson, on the request of Taoiseach Albert Reynolds following a defeat of the government in a motion of confidence. The general election took place in 41 Dáil constituencies throughout Ireland for 166 seats in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas, under a revision in the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1990. Three referendums on abortion were held on the same date.

The 27th Dáil met at Leinster House on 14 December 1992 to nominate the Taoiseach for appointment by the president and to approve the appointment of a new government of Ireland. No government was formed on that date, but on 12 January 1993, Reynolds was re-appointed Taoiseach, forming the 23rd government of Ireland, a coalition government of Fianna Fáil and the Labour Party.
John Cartwright (British politician)
John Cameron Cartwright (29 November 1933 – 18 November 2024) was a British politician. He was a Labour and then an SDP Member of Parliament (MP) representing Woolwich East then Woolwich from the October 1974 general election to the 1992 election.

Rosie Barnes
Rosemary Susan Barnes, OBE (née Allen; born 16 May 1946) is an English charity organiser and former politician. She became nationally known when she won a by-election in 1987 for the Social Democratic Party.
Stearic acid
Stearic acid (/ˈstɪərɪk/ STEER-ik, /stiˈærɪk/ stee-ARR-ik) is a saturated fatty acid with an 18-carbon chain. The IUPAC name is octadecanoic acid. It is a soft waxy solid with the formula CH3(CH2)16COOH. The triglyceride derived from three molecules of stearic acid is called stearin. Stearic acid is a prevalent fatty acid in nature, found in many animal and vegetable fats, but is usually higher in animal fat than vegetable fat. It has a melting point of 69.4 °C (156.9 °F)  °C and a pKa of 4.50.

Its name comes from the Greek word στέαρ "stéar", which means tallow. The salts and esters of stearic acid are called stearates. As its glycerol ester, stearic acid is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in nature and in the food supply, following palmitic acid. Dietary sources of stearic acid include meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, and foods prepared with fats; beef tallow, lard, butterfat, cocoa butter, and shea butter are rich fat sources of stearic acid.

Monounsaturated fat
In biochemistry and nutrition, a monounsaturated fat is a fat which contains a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), a subclass of fatty acid characterized by having a double bond in the fatty acid chain with all of the remaining carbon atoms being single-bonded. By contrast, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have more than one double bond.
Richard Avedon
Richard Avedon (May 15, 1923 – October 1, 2004) was an American fashion and portrait photographer. He worked for Harper's Bazaar, Vogue and Elle specializing in capturing movement in still pictures of fashion, theater and dance. An obituary published in The New York Times said that "his fashion and portrait photographs helped define America's image of style, beauty and culture for the last half-century".

Elle (magazine)
Elle (French pronunciation: [ɛl]; lit. 'She'  or 'Her'; stylised in all caps), is a French weekly lifestyle magazine. It offers a mixture of fashion, beauty, and general lifestyle content. It has been published in Paris since its 1945 founding by Hélène Gordon-Lazareff.

The magazine has a global audience reach of over 250 million people monthly, 50 international editions, and spin-off publications such as Elle Décoration, Elle Men, and Elle à Table. The magazine is considered "one of the world's largest fashion and lifestyle publications".
1994–95 Scottish Premier Division
The 1994–95 Scottish Premier Division season began on 13 August 1994; it was the first season of the new ten team league format, and also the first season using the rule of awarding three points for a win.

1991–92 Scottish Premier Division
The 1991–92 Scottish Premier Division season was won by Rangers, nine points ahead of Hearts. St Mirren and Dunfermline Athletic were relegated to the 1992–93 First Division.

UEFA gave a third place for the UEFA Cup to Scotland after the disbandment of former East Germany.
Barony (Ireland)
In Ireland, a barony (Irish: barúntacht, plural barúntachtaí) is a historical subdivision of a county, analogous to the hundreds into which the counties of England were divided. Baronies were created during the Tudor reconquest of Ireland, replacing the earlier cantreds formed after the original Norman invasion. Some early baronies were later subdivided into half baronies with the same standing as full baronies.

Baronies were mainly cadastral rather than administrative units. They acquired modest local taxation and spending functions in the 19th century before being superseded by the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898. Subsequent adjustments of county boundaries mean that some baronies now straddle two counties.

The final catalogue of baronies numbered 331, with an average area of 255 km2 (98 sq mi; 63,000 acres); each county was divided, on average, into 10 or 11 baronies.

Taghmon (civil parish)
Taghmon (Irish: Tigh Munna) is a civil parish in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 9 km (6 mi) north–east of Mullingar.

Taghmon is one of 8 civil parishes in the barony of Corkaree in the province of Leinster. The civil parish covers 3,450.2 acres (13.962 km2).

Taghmon civil parish comprises 11 townlands: Downs, Farrancallin, Foxburrow, Glebe, Knockatee, Knockdrin, Monkstown, Rathcorbally, Sheefin, Taghmon and Toberaquill.

The neighbouring civil parishes are: Faughalstown (barony of Fore) and Kilkpatrick (Fore) to the north, Rathconnell (barony of Moyashel and Magheradernon) to the east and south and Stonehall and Tyfarnham to the west.
Grand opera
Grand opera is a genre of 19th-century opera generally in four or five acts, characterized by large-scale casts and orchestras. The original productions consisted of spectacular design and stage effects with plots normally based on or around dramatic historic events. The term is particularly applied (sometimes specifically used in its French-language equivalent grand opéra, pronounced [ɡʁɑ̃t‿ɔpeʁa]) to certain productions of the Paris Opéra from the late 1820s to around 1860; 'grand opéra' has sometimes been used to denote the Paris Opéra itself.

The term 'grand opera' is also used in a broader application in respect of contemporary or later works of similar monumental proportions from France, Germany, Italy, and other countries.

It may also be used colloquially in an imprecise sense to refer to 'serious opera without spoken dialogue'.

Salle Le Peletier
The Salle Le Peletier or Lepeletier (sometimes referred to as the Salle de la rue Le Peletier or the Opéra Le Peletier) was the home of the Paris Opera from 1821 until the building was destroyed by fire in 1873. The theatre was designed and constructed by the architect François Debret on the site of the garden of the Hôtel de Choiseul on the rue Lepeletier. Due to the many changes in government and management during the theatre's existence, it had a number of different official names, the most important of which were: Théâtre de l'Académie Royale de Musique (1821–1848), Opéra-Théâtre de la Nation (1848–1850), Théâtre de l'Académie Nationale de Musique (1850–1852), Théâtre de l'Académie Impériale de Musique (1852–1854), Théâtre Impérial de l'Opéra (1854–1870), and Théâtre National de l'Opéra (1870–1873).
2-10-4
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, a 2-10-4 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels, ten powered and coupled driving wheels, and four trailing wheels. Typically using a Bissel truck in front, these were referred to as the Texas type in most of the United States, the Colorado type on the Burlington Route, and the Selkirk type in Canada.

2-8-4
Under the Whyte notation, a 2-8-4 is a steam locomotive that has two unpowered leading wheels, followed by eight coupled and powered  driving wheels, and four trailing wheels. This locomotive type is most often referred to as a Berkshire, though the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway used the name Kanawha for their 2-8-4s. In Europe, this wheel arrangement was mostly seen in mainline passenger express locomotives and, in certain countries, in tank locomotives.
2013–14 Division 1 Féminine
The 2013–14 Division 1 Féminine season was the 40th since its establishment. Lyon were the defending champions. The season began on 1 September 2013 and ended on 1 June 2014. The winter break was in effect from 23 December 2013 to 18 January 2014.

2016–17 Division 1 Féminine
The 2016–17 Division 1 Féminine season was the 43rd edition since its establishment. Lyon were the defending champions, having won the title in each of the past ten seasons. The season began on 11 September 2016.

Lyon finished in first place, making it their eleventh straight title.
Joseph, Oregon
Joseph is a city in Wallowa County, Oregon, United States. Originally named Silver Lake and Lake City, the city formally named itself in 1880 for Chief Joseph (1840–1904) of the Nez Perce people. As of the 2020 census, Joseph had a population of 1,154.

Wallowa–Whitman National Forest
The Wallowa–Whitman National Forest is a United States National Forest in the U.S. states of Oregon and Idaho. Formed upon the merger of the Wallowa and Whitman national forests in 1954, it is located in the northeastern corner of Oregon, in Wallowa, Baker, Union, Grant, and Umatilla counties, and includes small areas in Nez Perce and Idaho counties in Idaho.   The forest is named for the Wallowa band of the Nez Perce people, who originally lived in the area, and Marcus and Narcissa Whitman, Presbyterian missionaries who settled just to the north in 1836. Forest headquarters are located in Baker City, Oregon with ranger districts in La Grande, Joseph and Baker City.
Rhön-Grabfeld
Rhön-Grabfeld is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the southeast and clockwise) the districts of Hassberge, Schweinfurt and Bad Kissingen, and the states of Hesse (district Fulda) and Thuringia (districts Schmalkalden-Meiningen and Hildburghausen).

Franconian Saale
The Franconian Saale (German: Fränkische Saale, pronounced [ˈfʁɛŋkɪʃə ˈzaːlə] ⓘ) is a 140 km long river in Bavaria, Germany. It is a right-bank tributary of the Main, in Lower Franconia. It should not be confused with the larger Saxon Saale (German: Sächsische Saale), which is a tributary of the Elbe River.

The Franconian Saale flows through Bad Königshofen, Bad Neustadt, Bad Kissingen, Hammelburg and flows into the Main River in Gemünden am Main.