hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eusebius
Eusebius of Caesarea (c. AD 260/265 – 30 May AD 339), also known as Eusebius Pamphilius, was a historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist from the Roman province of Syria Palaestina. In about AD 314 he became the bishop of Caesarea Maritima.

Together with Pamphilus, Eusebius was a scholar of the biblical canon and is regarded as one of the most learned Christians during late antiquity. He wrote the Demonstrations of the Gospel, Preparations for the Gospel and On Discrepancies between the Gospels, studies of the biblical text. His work Onomasticon is an early geographical lexicon of places in the Holy Land mentioned in the Bible. As "Father of Church History" (not to be confused with the title of Church Father), he produced the Ecclesiastical History, On the Life of Pamphilus, the Chronicle and On the Martyrs. He also produced a biographical work on Constantine the Great, the first Christian Roman emperor, who was Augustus between AD 306 and AD 337.

Itinerarium Burdigalense
Itinerarium Burdigalense ("Bordeaux Itinerary"), also known as Itinerarium Hierosolymitanum ("Jerusalem Itinerary"), is the oldest known Christian itinerarium. It was written by the "Pilgrim of Bordeaux", an anonymous pilgrim from the city of Burdigala (now Bordeaux, France) in the Roman province of Gallia Aquitania.

It recounts the writer's journey throughout the Roman Empire to the Holy Land in 333 and 334 as he travelled by land through northern Italy and the Danube valley to Constantinople; then through the provinces of Asia and Syria to Jerusalem in the province of Syria-Palaestina; and then back by way of Macedonia, Otranto, Rome, and Milan.
Federal government of the United States
The federal government of the United States (U.S. federal government or U.S. government) is the national government of the United States.

The United States federal government is composed of three distinct branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. The powers of these three branches are defined and vested by the Constitution of the United States, which has been in continuous effect since March 4, 1789. The powers and duties of these branches are further defined by acts of Congress, including the creation of executive departments and courts subordinate to the Supreme Court of the United States.

In the federal division of power, the federal government shares sovereignty with each of the 50 states in their respective territories. United States law recognizes Indigenous tribes as possessing sovereign powers, while being subject to federal jurisdiction.

Necessary and Proper Clause
The Necessary and Proper Clause, also known as the Elastic Clause, is a clause in Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution:

The Congress shall have Power... To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.

Since the landmark decision McCulloch v. Maryland, the US Supreme Court has ruled that this clause grants implied powers to the US Congress in addition to its enumerated powers.
Syncrude
Syncrude Canada Ltd. is one of the world's largest producers of synthetic crude oil from oil sands and the largest single source producer in Canada. It is located just outside Fort McMurray in the Athabasca Oil Sands, and has a nameplate capacity of 350,000 barrels per day (56,000 m3/d) of oil, equivalent to about 13% of Canada's consumption. It has approximately 5.1 billion barrels (810,000,000 m3) of proven and probable reserves (11.9 billion when including contingent and prospective resources) situated on 8 leases over 3 contiguous sites. Including fully realized prospective reserves, current production capacity could be sustained for well over 90 years.

As of 2021, Syncrude's Mildred Lake site remains the largest single greenhouse gas emitter in Canada.

Canadian Natural Resources
Canadian Natural Resources Limited, or CNRL or Canadian Natural is a senior Canadian oil and natural gas company that operates primarily in the Western Canadian provinces of British Columbia, 
Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, with offshore operations in the United Kingdom sector of the North Sea, and offshore Côte d'Ivoire and Gabon. The company, which is headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, has the largest undeveloped base in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. It is the largest independent producer of natural gas in Western Canada and the largest producer of heavy crude oil in Canada.

In the 2020 Forbes Global 2000, Canadian Natural Resources was ranked as the 306th-largest public company in the world.
2012–13 Montenegrin First League
The 2012–13 Montenegrin First League was the seventh season of top-tier football in Montenegro. The season began on 11 August 2012 and ended on 1 June 2013. The mid-season winter break began on 2 December 2012 and ended on 7 March 2013. FK Budućnost Podgorica are the defending champions.

2013–14 Montenegrin First League
The 2013–14 Montenegrin First League was the eighth season of the top-tier football in Montenegro. The season begins on 9 August 2013. The season has a winter break beginning on 7 December 2013 and ending on 25 February 2014. Sutjeska Nikšić are the defending champions.
Endgame study
In the game of chess, an endgame study, or just study, is a type of chess problem that starts with a composed position—i.e. one that has been made up rather than played in an actual game—where the goal is to find the essentially unique way for one side (usually White) to win or draw, as stipulated, against any moves the other side plays. If the study does not end in the end of the game, then the game's eventual outcome should be obvious, and White can have a selection of various moves. There is no limit to the number of moves which are allowed to achieve the win; this distinguishes studies from the genre of direct mate problems (e.g. "mate in 2"). Such problems also differ qualitatively from the very common genre of tactical puzzles based around the middlegame, often based on an actual game, where a decisive tactic must be found.

Helpmate
A helpmate is a type of chess problem in which both sides cooperate in order to achieve the goal of checkmating Black.  In a helpmate in n moves, Black moves first, then White, each side moving n times, to culminate in White's nth move checkmating Black. (In a helpmate in 2 for example, sometimes abbreviated h#2, the solution consists of a Black move, a White move, a second Black move, then a second White move, giving checkmate.) Although the two sides cooperate, all moves must be legal according to the rules of chess.

The example problem illustrated is a helpmate in 8 (or h#8) by Zdravko Maslar, published in Die Schwalbe in 1981. The solution is (recall that in helpmate solutions, Black's move is given first):

1. Kf3 Kd3 2. Bb3 Kc3 3. Ke4+ Kd2 4. Kd4 Ke2 5. Kc3 Nb4 6. Kb2 Kd2 7. Ka1 Kc1 8. Ba2 Nc2#
AP Spanish Language and Culture
Advanced Placement (AP) Spanish Language and Culture (also known as AP Spanish Language, AP Spanish IV, AP SpLang, or AP Spanish) is a course and examination offered by the College Board in the United States education system as part of the Advanced Placement Program.

AP Italian Language and Culture
Advanced Placement (AP) Italian Language and Culture (also known as AP Italian Language or AP Italian) is a course offered by the American College Board as part of the Advanced Placement Program. It is intended to give students a thorough background in the Italian language and Italian culture equivalent to a college-level course.

Due to low numbers of students taking AP Italian, it was temporarily discontinued after the 2008–2009 year. On July 3, 2008, The Italian Language Foundation was established to support Italian language education and the AP Italian program. On November 10, 2010, the College Board announced that the program would be reinstated in the fall of 2011, with the first AP Italian Exam scheduled for May 2012.
River Wye
The River Wye (/waɪ/; Welsh: Afon Gwy [ɡʊɨ̯]) is the fourth-longest river in the UK, stretching some 250 kilometres (155 miles) from its source on Plynlimon in Mid Wales to the Severn Estuary.  The lower reaches of the river form part of the border between England and Wales. The Wye Valley (lower part) is designated a National Landscape (formerly an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty). The Wye is important for nature conservation and recreation, but is affected by pollution.

Brecknockshire
Brecknockshire (Welsh: Brycheiniog or Sir Frycheiniog), also known as the County of Brecknock, Breconshire, or the County of Brecon, was one of the thirteen counties of Wales that existed from 1536 until their abolition in 1974. It was created in 1536 under the Laws in Wales Act 1535, and from 1889 it was an administrative county with a county council; the administrative county was abolished in 1974. The county was named after the medieval Welsh territory of Brycheiniog, which was anglicised to Brecknock and also gave its name to the county town of Brecon. The former county's area is mountainous and primarily rural.
Kharkiv Oblast
Kharkiv Oblast (Ukrainian: Харківська область, romanized: Kharkivska oblast, Russian: Харьковская область, romanized: Kharkovskaya oblast), also referred to as Kharkivshchyna (Ukrainian: Харківщина), is an oblast (province) in eastern Ukraine.

Kharkiv borders Luhansk Oblast to the east, Donetsk Oblast to the southeast, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to the southwest, Poltava Oblast to the west, Sumy Oblast to the northwest and Russia's Belgorod Oblast to the north. Its area is 31,400 square kilometres (12,100 sq mi), or 5.2% of the total territory of Ukraine.

The oblast is the third-most populous of Ukraine, with a population of 2,598,961 in 2021, more than half (1.42 million) of whom live in the city of Kharkiv, the oblast's administrative center.

2022 Kherson counteroffensive
A military counteroffensive was launched by Ukraine on 29 August 2022 to expel Russian forces occupying the southern regions of Kherson and Mykolaiv oblasts.

Military analysts consider the counteroffensive to be the third strategic phase of the war in Ukraine, along with the concurrent eastern counteroffensive, after the initial invasion and the battle of Donbas.

After many strikes against Russian military targets, Ukraine announced the start of a full-scale counteroffensive on 29 August 2022. On 9 October, Ukraine said it recaptured 1,170 square kilometers of land. On 9 November, Russian troops were ordered to withdraw from Kherson, the only regional capital captured since the start of the invasion. Ukrainian forces liberated the city of Kherson two days later, on 11 November.
Royal Swedish Army Staff College
The Royal Swedish Army Staff College (Swedish: Kungliga Krigshögskolan, KHS) was a Swedish Army training establishment between 1866 and 1961, providing courses for army officers. It was the home of the Swedish Army's staff college, which provided advanced training for officers. It was located within the Stockholm Garrison in Stockholm, Sweden.

Svea Life Guards
59°30′56″N 17°46′10″E﻿ / ﻿59.51556°N 17.76944°E﻿ / 59.51556; 17.76944

The Svea Life Guards (Swedish: Svea livgarde), also I 1, was a Swedish Army infantry regiment that was active in various forms 1521–2000. The unit was based in the Stockholm Garrison in Stockholm and belonged to the King's Life and Household Troops (Kungl. Maj:ts Liv- och Hustrupper) until 1974.
Dmitry Oboznenko
Dmitry Georgievich Oboznenko (Russian: Дми́трий Гео́ргиевич Обозне́нко; July 10, 1930  – June 19, 2002) was a Soviet Russian painter, graphic artist, Honored Artist of the RSFSR who lived and worked in Saint Petersburg. He was a member of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists (before 1992 – the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation), regarded as a representative of the Leningrad school of painting, most famous for his genre compositions and combat paintings of the siege of Stalingrad. He was a noted poster and caricature artist, a member of The Fighting Pencil Group.

Alexander Zaytsev (artist)
Alexander Dmitrievich Zaytsev (Russian: Алекса́ндр Дми́триевич За́йцев; 3 June 1903 — 12 May 1982) was a Russian painter during the Soviet era, active in Leningrad, primarily known for his genre and landscape pictures. He was a member of the Leningrad Union of Artists, and professor of painting of the Repin Institute of Arts, who played an important role in the formation of the Leningrad school of painting.
French National Centre for Scientific Research
The French National Centre for Scientific Research (French: Centre national de la recherche scientifique, pronounced [sɑ̃tʁ(ə) nɑsjɔnal də la ʁəʃɛʁʃ(ə) sjɑ̃tifik]; CNRS) is the French state research organisation and is the largest public research body in Europe and the second largest research organisation in the world.

In 2020, it employed over 32,000 staff, including more than 16,000 tenured researchers, 10,000 engineers and technical staff, and 8,000 contractual workers. It is headquartered in Paris and has administrative offices in Brussels, Beijing, Tokyo, Singapore, Washington, D.C., Bonn, Moscow, Tunis, Johannesburg, Santiago de Chile, Israel, and New Delhi.

Joseph Fourier University
Joseph Fourier University (UJF, French: Université Joseph-Fourier, also known as Grenoble I or as Université Scientifique et Médicale de Grenoble) was a French university situated in the city of Grenoble and focused on the fields of sciences, technologies and health. It is now part of the Université Grenoble Alpes.
Soudal Quick-Step
Soudal–Quick-Step (UCI team code: SOQ) is a Belgian UCI WorldTeam cycling team led by team manager Jurgen Foré. The directeurs sportifs are Davide Bramati, Iljo Keisse, Klaas Lodewyck, Wilfried Peeters, Tom Steels, Geert Van Bondt, Dries Devenyns and Kevin Hulsmans.

The team is nicknamed 'The Wolfpack' and has used the term in its branding since 2017.

UAE Team Emirates XRG
UAE Team Emirates XRG (UCI team code: UAD) is an Emirati road bicycle racing team. The team competes at the UCI WorldTeam level and has done so since the UCI World Tour was formed as the top category of road cycling in 2005.

Since becoming UAE Team Emirates in 2018, the team has won the Tour de France four times and the Giro d'Italia once, with Slovenian rider Tadej Pogačar. Pogačar has also won the Monuments of Giro di Lombardia (4 times), Liège–Bastogne–Liège (3 times) and Tour of Flanders (2 times) for the team.

The "XRG" in the current team name indicates the addition of UAE energy sponsor XRG as co-title sponsor and the official energy partner in late 2024, for a 6-year partnership.
FC Volyn Lutsk
FC Volyn Lutsk (Ukrainian: ФК «Волинь» Луцьк [woˈlɪnʲ ˈlutsʲk]) was a Ukrainian football club based in Lutsk.

Since its establishment in 1960, the club became the only major (professional) football club within Volyn Oblast and uncontested leader of football in the region.

On 21 June 2023 the 31st PFL Conference excluded several clubs that did not compete in the 2022–23 season and did not renew their membership.

Their home stadium is Avanhard Stadium.

Colours are (Home) light red shirt, deep red shorts;
(Away) white shirt with light red collar and upper sleeve, white shorts.

FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih
FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih (Ukrainian: Футбольний Клуб Кривбас Кривий Ріг) is a Ukrainian professional football club based in Kryvyi Rih.

Until 2013 the club participated in professional competitions. In June 2013 the club went bankrupt and was expelled from the Ukrainian Premier League. There was a failed attempt to revive the club in 2014, until finally the club was reestablished again in 2015. In 2020, it was restructured as Football Club Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih based on Hirnyk Kryvyi Rih (founded in 1925), which took on the Football Club Kryvbas's brand. Many people consider the original Football Club Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih (founded in	1959) and the Football Club Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih of 2020 as one and the same club.
East Africa Protectorate
East Africa Protectorate (also known as British East Africa) was a British protectorate in the African Great Lakes, occupying roughly the same area as present-day Kenya, from the Indian Ocean inland to the border with Uganda in the west part. Controlled by the United Kingdom in the late 19th century, it grew out of British commercial interests in the area in the 1880s and remained a protectorate until 1920 when it became the Colony of Kenya, save for an independent 16-kilometre-wide (10 mi) coastal strip that became the Kenya Protectorate.

Legislative Council of Kenya
The Legislative Council of Kenya (LegCo) was the legislature of Kenya between 1907 and 1963. It was modelled on the Westminster system. It began as a nominated, exclusively European institution and evolved into an elected legislature with universal suffrage. It was succeeded by the National Assembly in 1963.
Pertenhall
Pertenhall is a small village and civil parish located in Bedfordshire, close to the borders of Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. Its parish council is a Quality Parish Council. It has recently published its Parish Plan which is available on the website

The name derives from Peters Hill (allegedly) based on the Hill by St Peters Church. The parish of Pertenhall & Swineshead is part of the Stodden Hundred (which comprises Bolnhurst, Clapham, Dean and Shelton, Keysoe, Knotting, Little Staughton, Melchbourne, Milton Ernest, Oakley, Pertenhall, Riseley, Shelton, Tilbrook and Yelden).

The village is drawn out along the B660 beginning with Chapel Yard, derived from the Moravian Chapel located there and is characterised by a series of 'Ends', namely Wood End (a cul-de-sac, terminating at a footpath known locally as 'the Track', Chadwell End (a thoroughfare), derived from the Chad Well that exists nearby and leading to Green End at the south.

Melchbourne
Melchbourne is a village in the civil parish of Melchbourne and Yielden, in the Bedford borough of Bedfordshire, England. The village is located west of Swineshead and east of Yelden.

Melchbourne Preceptory was located in the village. The village includes the Church of St Mary Magdalene.

Melchbourne was an ancient parish in the Stodden hundred of Bedfordshire. In 1934 the parish was merged with the neighbouring parish of Yielden or Yelden to form a new parish called Melchbourne and Yielden. At the 1931 census (the last before the abolition of the parish), Melchbourne had a population of 160.
Violeta Parra
Violeta del Carmen Parra Sandoval (Spanish pronunciation: [bjoˈleta ˈpara]; 4 October 1917 – 5 February 1967) was a Chilean composer, singer-songwriter, folklorist, ethnomusicologist and visual artist. She pioneered the Nueva Canción Chilena (The Chilean New Song), a renewal and a reinvention of Chilean folk music that would extend its sphere of influence outside Chile.

Her birthdate (4 October) was chosen as "Chilean Musicians' Day." In 2011, Andrés Wood directed a biopic about her, titled Violeta Went to Heaven (Spanish: Violeta se fue a los cielos).

Chabuca Granda
María Isabel Granda Larco (3 September 1920 – 8 March 1983), better known as Chabuca Granda, was a Peruvian singer and composer. She created and interpreted a vast number of Criollo waltzes with Afro-Peruvian rhythms.

Granda's "La flor de la canela", "José Antonio", "El puente de los suspiros", and "Fina estampa" helped the singer receive international recognition. She has influenced various Peruvian artists such as Susana Baca, Eva Ayllón, Gian Marco and Juan Diego Flórez.

In 2017, her work was declared a Cultural Heritage of the Nation and in 2019, the Peruvian government posthumously awarded her the highest national honor, the Order of the Sun.
Erciş
Erciş (pronounced [æɾˈdʒiʃ]; Kurdish: Erdiş; Armenian: Ականց, romanized: Akants, historically Արճեշ, Arčeš) is a municipality and district of Van Province, Turkey. Its area is 2,133 km2, and its population is 171,000 (2022). It is located at the northern end of Lake Van. The district's population is predominantly Kurdish, characteristic of the broader Van Province region. Demographic studies of Turkey's Kurdish-majority provinces have consistently identified Van Province, including Erciş, among the areas with substantial Kurdish-speaking populations.

Malazgirt
Malazgirt (Kurdish: Melezgir; Armenian: Մանազկերտ, romanized: Manazkert; Georgian: მანასკერტი, romanized: Manaskerti; Medieval Greek: Ματζιέρτη, romanized: Matziértē), historically known as Manzikert (Medieval Greek: Μαντζικέρτ), is a town in Muş Province in Turkey. It is the seat of Malazgirt District. In the 2024 Turkish local elections, Ahmet Kenan Türker from the Peoples' Equality and Democracy Party was elected as the mayor. 
According to the 2024 population census, the district's total population is 42,135.
It is mostly populated by Kurds with few Islamized Armenians. It is the site of the 1071 Battle of Manzikert between the Byzantines and Seljuk Turks. In the city, there is the Malazgirt Castle, for which the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuk state fought dozens of times.
ARM Cortex-A55
The ARM Cortex-A55 is a central processing unit implementing the ARMv8.2-A 64-bit instruction set designed by ARM Holdings' Cambridge design centre. The Cortex-A55 is a two-wide decode in-order superscalar pipeline.

ARM Cortex-A75
The ARM Cortex-A75 is a central processing unit implementing the ARMv8.2-A 64-bit instruction set designed by ARM Holdings's Sophia design centre. The Cortex-A75 is a 3-wide decode out-of-order superscalar pipeline. The Cortex-A75 serves as the successor of the Cortex-A73, designed to improve performance by 20% over the A73 in mobile applications while maintaining the same efficiency.
Battle of Marj Dabiq
The Battle of Marj Dābiq (Arabic: مرج دابق, meaning "the meadow of Dābiq"; Turkish: Mercidabık Muharebesi), a decisive military engagement in Middle Eastern history, was fought on 24 August 1516, near the town of Dabiq, 44 km north of Aleppo (modern Syria). The battle was part of the 1516–17 war between the Ottoman Empire and the Mamluk Sultanate, which ended in an Ottoman victory and conquest of much of the Middle East and brought about the destruction of the Mamluk Sultanate. The Ottoman victory in the battle gave Selim's armies control of the entire region of Syria and opened the door to the conquest of Egypt.

Janbirdi al-Ghazali
Janbirdi al-Ghazali (Arabic: جان بردي الغزالي, romanized: Jān-Birdi al-Ghazāli; died 1521) was the first governor of Damascus Province under the Ottoman Empire from February 1519 until his death in February 1521.
Nature reserve
A nature reserve (also known as a wildlife refuge, wildlife sanctuary, biosphere reserve or bioreserve, natural or nature preserve, or nature conservation area) is a protected area of importance for flora, fauna, funga, or features of geological or other special interest, which is reserved and managed for purposes of conservation and to provide special opportunities for study or research. They may be designated by government institutions in some countries, or by private landowners, such as charities and research institutions. Nature reserves fall into different IUCN categories depending on the level of protection afforded by local laws. Normally it is more strictly protected than a nature park. Various jurisdictions may use other terminology, such as ecological protection area or private protected area in legislation and in official titles of the reserves.

Conservation biology
Conservation biology is the study of the conservation of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management.

The conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology.