hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
German East Africa
German East Africa (GEA; German: Deutsch-Ostafrika DOA) was a German colony in the African Great Lakes region, which included present-day Burundi, Rwanda, the Tanzania mainland, and the Kionga Triangle, a small region later incorporated into Mozambique. GEA's area was 994,996 km2 (384,170 sq mi), which is nearly three times the area of present-day Germany and almost double the area of metropolitan Germany at the time.

The colony was organised when the German military was asked in the late 1880s to put down a revolt against the activities of the German East Africa Company. It ended with Imperial Germany's defeat in World War I. Ultimately the territory was divided amongst Britain, Belgium and Portugal, and was reorganised as a mandate of the League of Nations.

Togoland
Togoland, officially the Togoland Protectorate (German: Schutzgebiet Togo; French: Protectorat du Togo), was a protectorate of the German Empire in West Africa from 1884 to 1914, encompassing what is now the nation of Togo and most of what is now the Volta Region of Ghana, approximately 90,400 km2 (29,867 sq mi) in size. During the period known as the "Scramble for Africa", the colony was established in 1884 and was gradually extended inland.

At the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, the colony was invaded and quickly overrun by British and French forces during the Togoland campaign and placed under military rule. In 1916 the territory was divided into separate British and French administrative zones, and this was formalised in 1922 with the creation of British Togoland and French Togoland.
Eparchy of Zahumlje and Herzegovina
The Eparchy of Zahumlje, Herzegovina and the Littoral (Serbian: Епархија захумско-херцеговачка и приморска, romanized: Eparhija zahumsko-hercegovačka i primorska) is an eparchy (diocese) of the Serbian Orthodox Church with its seat in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It has jurisdiction over the region of Herzegovina, the littoral region of southern Dalmatia in Croatia and a small part of Montenegro. Since 2018, the bishop of Zahumlje and Herzegovina has been Dimitrije Rađenović.

Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral
The Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral of the Serbian Orthodox Church (Serbian: Црногорско-приморска митрополија Српске православне цркве, romanized: Crnogorsko-primorska mitropolija Srpske pravoslavne crkve) is the largest eparchy (diocese) of the Serbian Orthodox Church in modern Montenegro. Founded in 1219 by Saint Sava as the Eparchy of Zeta, it has continued to exist, without interruption, up to the present time, and has remained one of the most prominent dioceses of the Serbian Orthodox Church. The current Metropolitan bishop is Joanikije II. His official title is "Metropolitan of Montenegro and the Littoral" (Serbian: Црногорско-приморски митрополит, romanized: Crnogorsko-primorski mitropolit).
Sam Mayer
Samuel Adam Mayer (born June 26, 2003) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series, driving the No. 41 Chevrolet Camaro SS for Haas Factory Team. His father is the founder of QPS Employment Group and a former IndyCar Series driver, Scott Mayer.

Mayer is the 2019 and 2020 East Series champion. He drove for GMS Racing (the other Drivers Edge Development team) both of those years in their No. 21 car and also won the inaugural championship of the ARCA Menards Series Sioux Chief Showdown in 2020. Mayer started his NASCAR career driving for Jefferson Pitts Racing and MDM Motorsports in 2018 before joining GMS, JRM, and Chevrolet as a development driver in 2019.

Carson Kvapil
Carson Wade Kvapil (born May 22, 2003) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series, driving the No. 1/9 Chevrolet Camaro SS for JR Motorsports and the No. 91 Chevrolet Camaro SS for DGM Racing with Jesse Iwuji Motorsports. He is the son of 2003 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series champion Travis Kvapil and older brother of Super Late Model driver Caden Kvapil.
Astrometry
Astrometry is a branch of astronomy that involves precise measurements of the positions and movements of stars and other celestial bodies. It provides the kinematics and physical origin of the Solar System and this galaxy, the Milky Way.

Radial velocity
The radial velocity or line-of-sight velocity of a target with respect to an observer is the rate of change of the vector displacement between the two points. It is formulated as the vector projection of the target-observer relative velocity onto the relative direction or line-of-sight (LOS) connecting the two points.

The radial speed or range rate is the temporal rate of the distance or range between the two points. It is a signed scalar quantity, formulated as the scalar projection of the relative velocity vector onto the LOS direction. Equivalently, radial speed equals the norm of the radial velocity, modulo the sign.

In astronomy, the point is usually taken to be the observer on Earth, so the radial velocity then denotes the speed with which the object moves away from the Earth (or approaches it, for a negative radial velocity).
Luke Saville
Luke Saville (born 1 February 1994) is an Australian former professional tennis player. He has had success as a doubles player where he reached his highest ranking of World No. 23 on 8 November 2021. Saville reached the final at the 2020 Australian Open, partnering with fellow Australian Max Purcell.

As a junior, Saville enjoyed a successful career in which he won two junior grand slam singles titles at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships and 2012 Australian Open. Saville is also a former junior World No. 1 and an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder. In January 2013, he competed in his first ATP main draw event at the 2013 Australian Open, but has struggled in transitioning from Juniors onto the professional circuit, reaching his highest singles ranking of World No. 152.

Li Tu
Li Tu (born 27 May 1996) is an Australian professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of No. 160, achieved on 14 July 2025 and a best doubles ranking of No. 189, achieved on 27 January 2025.
List of Star Trek characters (A–F)
This article lists characters of Star Trek in their various canonical incarnations. This includes fictional major characters and fictional minor characters created for Star Trek, fictional characters not originally created for Star Trek, and real-life persons appearing in a fictional manner, such as holodeck re-creations.

List of Star Trek characters (N–S)
This is a list of characters from the Star Trek franchise and the media in which they appear. It lists both major and minor fictional characters including those not originally created for Star Trek but featured in it, alongside real-life persons appearing in a fictional manner, such as holodeck recreations.
Isle (river)
The Isle (French pronunciation: [il] ⓘ; Occitan: Eila) is a 255-kilometre (158 mi) long river in south-western France, right tributary of the Dordogne. Its source is in the north-western Massif Central, near the town Nexon (south of Limoges). It flows south-west through the following départements and towns:

Haute-Vienne: Le Chalard

Dordogne: Périgueux, Mussidan

Gironde: Libourne

It flows into the Dordogne in Libourne. Among the tributaries of the Isle are the Auvézère, the Loue, the Beauronne and the Dronne.

Dordogne (river)
The Dordogne (French pronunciation: [dɔʁdɔɲ] ⓘ; Occitan: Dordonha) is a river in south-central and southwest France. It is 483.1 km (300.2 mi) long. The Dordogne and its watershed were designated Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO on 11 July 2012.
Gucci
Gucci officially Guccio Gucci S.p.A. is an Italian luxury fashion house based in Florence, Tuscany. Its product lines include handbags, ready-to-wear, footwear, accessories, and home decoration; and it licenses its name and branding to Coty for fragrance and cosmetics under the name Gucci Beauty.

Gucci was founded in 1921 by Guccio Gucci (1881–1953) in Florence. Under the direction of Aldo Gucci (son of Guccio), Gucci became a global brand, and was considered emblematic of the Italian economic miracle. Following family feuds during the 1980s, the Gucci family was entirely ousted from the capital of the company by 1993. After this crisis, the brand was revived and in 1999 Gucci became a subsidiary of the French conglomerate PPR, which later renamed itself to Kering.

In 2024, Gucci operated 529 stores with 20,032 employees, and generated €7.65 billion in sales. Stefano Cantino has been CEO of Gucci since October 2024 and Demna creative director since March 2025.

Tom Ford (brand)
Tom Ford SA (stylized as TOM FORD) is an American luxury fashion house founded by namesake designer Tom Ford in 2005. Its product line features ready-to-wear and made-to-measure offerings, as well as footwear, accessories, handbags, cosmetics and fragrances.

The company was owned by Tom Ford until 2023 when he completed its sale. The Tom Ford brand is now owned by The Estée Lauder Companies while the fashion business is owned by the Ermenegildo Zegna Group through Tom Ford International.
List of biblical names starting with Q
This page includes a list of biblical proper names that start with Q in English transcription, both toponyms and personal names. Some of the names are given with a proposed etymological meaning. For further information on the names included on the list, the reader may consult the sources listed below in the References and  External links. For links to more specific lists (places, personal names, women, OT, NT, animals and plants, etc.), go to  List of biblical names: See also.

A – B – C – D – E – F – G – H – I – J – K – L – M – N – O – P – Q – R – S – T – U – V – Y – Z

List of biblical names starting with V
This page includes a list of biblical proper names that start with V in English transcription, both toponyms and personal names. Some of the names are given with a proposed etymological meaning. For further information on the names included on the list, the reader may consult the sources listed below in the References and  External links. For links to more specific lists (places, personal names, women, OT, NT, animals and plants, etc.), go to  List of biblical names: See also.

A – B – C – D – E – F – G – H – I – J – K – L – M – N – O – P – Q – R – S – T – U – V – Y – Z
List of rivers of the United States: A
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - XYZ

This is a list of rivers in the United States that have names starting with the letter A.  For the main page, which includes links to listings by state, see List of rivers in the United States.

List of rivers of the United States: V
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - XYZ

This is a list of rivers in the United States that have names starting with the letter V.  For the main page, which includes links to listings by state, see List of rivers in the United States.
Heinrich Kramer
Heinrich Kramer (c. 1430 – 1505, aged 74–75), also known under the Latinized name Henricus Institoris, was a German churchman and inquisitor. With his widely distributed book Malleus Maleficarum (1487), which describes witchcraft and endorses detailed processes for the extermination of witches, he was instrumental in establishing the period of witch trials in the early modern period.

Jacob Sprenger
Jacob Sprenger (1436/1438 – 6 December 1495) was a Dominican inquisitor and theologian principally known for his association with an infamous book on witch-hunting Malleus Maleficarum (1486). He taught at the University of Cologne.
Castleford Tigers
The Castleford Tigers are a professional rugby league club based in Castleford, West Yorkshire, England. They play their home games at Wheldon Road (currently known as the OneBore Stadium for sponsorship reasons) and compete in the Super League, the top flight of the British rugby league system.

Castleford have won the Challenge Cup on four occasions, most recently in 1986. Although the club has never won a League Championship, they have been runners up three times and won the League Leaders' Shield in 2017.

The club has rivalries with neighbours Featherstone Rovers, Leeds Rhinos and Wakefield Trinity. The club's traditional home colours are black and amber, with orange also being used in recent years.

Sheffield Eagles
The Sheffield Eagles are a professional rugby league club based in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. They play home games at the Olympic Legacy Park and compete in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

Sheffield's only major honour was winning the 1998 Challenge Cup, they have won the Second Division twice.

The clubs traditional home colours are red, white and gold and they share a rivalry with Doncaster.
Tomoaki Honma
Tomoaki Honma (本間 朋晃, Honma Tomoaki; born November 18, 1976) is a Japanese professional wrestler primarily working for New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). In NJPW, he is a former one-time IWGP Tag Team Champion and a two-time World Tag League winner with Togi Makabe.

Hirooki Goto
Hirooki Goto (後藤洋央紀, Gotō Hirōki; born June 25, 1979) is a Japanese professional wrestler and actor. He is signed to New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), where he is a former IWGP World Heavyweight Champion. He is also one-half of the tag team "Bishamon" alongside Yoshi-Hashi with whom he is also one-third of the current NEVER Openweight 6-Man Tag Team Champions along with Boltin Oleg .

Goto holds the record of being one-third of the longest reigning NEVER Openweight 6-Man Tag Team Champions with his Chaos stablemates, Tomohiro Ishii and Yoshi-Hashi. He is also a three-time IWGP Intercontinental Champion, a five-time IWGP Tag Team Champion, a one-time IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Champion, a five-time NEVER Openweight Champion, a one-time winner of the G1 Climax (2008), a five-time winner of the World Tag League (2012, 2014, 2021, 2022, and 2023), and a record three-time winner of the New Japan Cup (2009, 2010, and 2012).
Umbellularia
Umbellularia californica is a large hardwood tree native to coastal forests and the Sierra foothills of California, and to coastal forests extending into Oregon. It is the sole species in the genus Umbellularia, in the laurel family Lauraceae. The tree's pungent leaves have a similar flavor to bay leaves, though stronger, and it may be mistaken for bay laurel.

The tree is endemic to the California Floristic Province. It is a host of the pathogen that causes sudden oak death. The dry wood has a color range from blonde (like maple) to brown (like walnut). It is considered an excellent tonewood and is sought after by luthiers and woodworkers.

Notholithocarpus
Notholithocarpus densiflorus, commonly known as the tanoak or tanbark-oak, is a broadleaf tree in the family Fagaceae, and the type species of the genus Notholithocarpus. It is a hardwood tree that is native to the far western United States, particularly Oregon and California. It ranges from 15–40 meters (49–131 feet) in height, with a trunk diameter of 60–190 centimeters (24–75 inches). There are a number of radical and incompatible perceptions of tanoak, it has been seen as a cash crop to treasured food plant to trash tree.
Harvey Kuenn
Harvey Edward Kuenn Jr. (/kiːn/; December 4, 1930 – February 28, 1988) was an American professional baseball player, coach, manager and scout. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a shortstop and outfielder, most prominently as a member of the Detroit Tigers where he won the 1953 American League Rookie of the Year Award and the 1959 American League batting championship. A ten-time All-Star, Kuenn also played for the Cleveland Indians, San Francisco Giants, Chicago Cubs, and Philadelphia Phillies. He retired as a player with over 2,000 hits and a lifetime batting average of .303.

After his playing career, he led his hometown team as the manager of the Milwaukee Brewers, winning the 1982 American League pennant and came within one game of winning the 1982 World Series. He later worked as a major league scout for the Brewers. Kuenn was inducted into the Milwaukee Brewers Walk of Fame in 2005, and the Milwaukee Brewers Wall of Honor in 2014.

Ed Bailey
Lonas Edgar Bailey, Jr. (April 15, 1931 – March 23, 2007) was an American professional baseball player and later served on the Knoxville, Tennessee city council. He played as a catcher in Major League Baseball from 1953 through 1966. A six-time All-Star, Bailey was one of the top catchers in the National League in the late 1950s and early 1960s.

Born in Strawberry Plains in Jefferson County, Tennessee, Bailey batted left-handed, threw right-handed and was listed as 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall and 205 pounds (93 kg). A younger brother, Jim, was a left-handed pitcher who had a brief big-league trial as Ed's teammate on the 1959 Cincinnati Reds.
Bowland-with-Leagram
Bowland-with-Leagram is a civil parish in the Ribble Valley district of Lancashire, England, covering part of the Forest of Bowland. According to the census, the parish had a population of 181 in 1951, 128 in 2001 and 169 at the Census 2011.

As the only part of the historical Forest of Bowland that lay within the historical bounds of Lancashire, the area was known for many centuries by the name of Little Bowland and this name remains in common use today.

Easington, Lancashire
Easington (/ˈɛzɪŋtən/) is a civil parish within the Ribble Valley district of Lancashire, England, with a population in 2001 of 52. The Census 2011 population details have been grouped with the parish of Slaidburn. Before 1974, it formed part of Bowland Rural District in the West Riding of Yorkshire. It covers just over 9000 acres.

The parish adjoins the Ribble Valley parishes of Bowland Forest High, Slaidburn, Grindleton, Bolton-by-Bowland and Gisburn Forest along with Tatham in the City of Lancaster district and also Clapham cum Newby, Austwick, Lawkland and Giggleswick in the county of North Yorkshire.
Ernest N. Harmon
Major General Ernest Nason Harmon (February 26, 1894 – November 13, 1979) was a senior officer of the United States Army. He served in both World War I and World War II, and is best known for his actions in reorganizing the 1st Armored Division after the debacle in February 1943 at the Battle of Kasserine Pass during the Tunisian campaign. From January 1945, through the end of World War II, Harmon commanded XXII Corps (United States).

Aaron Bradshaw Jr.
Aaron Bradshaw Jr. CBE (July 1, 1894 – November 8, 1976) was a highly decorated officer in the United States Army with the rank of major general. A graduate of the United States Military Academy, he is most noted as an anti-aircraft artillery officer during World War II.

Following the war, Bradshaw remained in the Army and served in logistics assignments, including assistant chief of staff for logistics (G-4), U.S. European Command.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 514
United Nations Security Council resolution 514, adopted unanimously on 12 July 1982, after recalling Resolution 479 (1980) and noting the mediation efforts by the Secretary-General, Organisation of the Islamic Conference and the Non-Aligned Movement, the council expressed its deep concern at the prolonged conflict between Iran and Iraq.

Resolution 514 then called for a ceasefire between the two countries and a withdrawal by both to their internationally recognised border. It also asked the Secretary-General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar to continue with the mediation efforts and to report back to the council on attempts to implement the resolution within three months.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 598
United Nations Security Council resolution 598 S/RES/0598 (1987), (UNSC resolution 598) adopted unanimously on 20 July 1987, after recalling Resolution 582 and 588, called for an immediate ceasefire between Iran and Iraq and the repatriation of prisoners of war, and for both sides to withdraw to the international border. The resolution requested Secretary-General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar to dispatch a team of observers to monitor the ceasefire while a permanent settlement was reached to end the conflict.

Iraq quickly accepted the resolution, but Iran refused to accept its terms until nearly a year after its adoption. Famously, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini felt that accepting the resolution was "more deadly than drinking from a poisoned chalice". The resolution finally became effective on 8 August 1988, ending all combat operations between the two countries and the Iran–Iraq War.
Buckie Thistle F.C.
Buckie Thistle Football Club are a senior football club based in the town of Buckie, Moray, who currently play in Scotland's Highland League. Founded in 1889, they are also known as The Jags and play their football at Victoria Park, Buckie.

Nairn County F.C.
Nairn County Football Club is a Scottish senior football club based in the town of Nairn, Highland and currently play in the Highland League. Nicknamed the Wee County, they were founded in 1909 and play at Station Park. They have played in the Highland Football League since 1919, winning their only league title in the 1975–76 season. As a full member of the Scottish Football Association, they qualify automatically to play in the Scottish Cup.

In 2022, the club hit the headlines for selling a Pie in a Roll and launching their TeamHamish charity third kit.

In the same year they became the first football club in Scotland to offer and promote a dedicated stag and hen party package.
Arena (British TV series)
Arena is a British television documentary series, made and broadcast by the BBC since 1 October 1975. Voted by TV executives in Broadcast magazine as one of the top 50 most influential programmes of all time, it has produced more than six hundred episodes directed by, among others, Frederick Baker, Jana Boková, Jonathan Demme, Nigel Finch, Mary Harron, Vikram Jayanti, Vivian Kubrick, Paul Lee, Adam Low, Bernard MacMahon, James Marsh, Leslie Megahey, Volker Schlondorff, Martin Scorsese, Julien Temple, Anthony Wall, Leslie Woodhead, and Alan Yentob.

Omnibus (British TV programme)
Omnibus is a British documentary series broadcast mainly on BBC One. The programme was the successor to the arts-based series Monitor. It ran from 1967 until 2003, usually being transmitted on Sunday evenings. During its 35-year history, the programme won 12 British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) awards.
Sandy Lyle
Alexander Walter Barr "Sandy" Lyle OBE (born 9 February 1958) is a Scottish professional golfer. He has won two major championships during his career. Along with Nick Faldo and Ian Woosnam, he became one of Britain's top golfers during the 1980s. He spent 167 weeks in the top-10 of the Official World Golf Ranking from its introduction, in 1986, until 1989.

Mark Calcavecchia
Mark John Calcavecchia (born June 12, 1960) is an American professional golfer and a former PGA Tour member. During his professional career, he won 13 PGA Tour events, including the 1989 Open Championship. He plays on the Champions Tour as well as a limited PGA Tour schedule that includes The Open Championship.
Harry Schell
Harry Lawrence O'Reilly Schell (June 29, 1921 – May 13, 1960) was an American racing driver, who competed in Formula One from 1950 to 1960.

Born and raised in Paris, Schell was the son of American motorsport executive and heiress Lucy O'Reilly Schell. With his Formula One debut at the 1950 Monaco Grand Prix, Schell became the first American driver to start a Formula One Grand Prix.

Schell died after crashing his Cooper T51 during practice for the non-championship 1960 BRDC International Trophy at Silverstone.

Jean Behra
Jean Marie Behra (16 February 1921 – 1 August 1959) was a French racing driver, who competed in Formula One from 1952 to 1959.

Behra contested 54 Formula One Grands Prix across eight seasons for Gordini, Maserati, BRM, Ferrari, and Behra-Porsche. He achieved nine podiums and one fastest lap, finishing fourth in the 1956 World Drivers' Championships with Maserati.