hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hundred Days Offensive
The Hundred Days Offensive (8 August to 11 November 1918) was a series of massive Allied offensives that ended the First World War. Beginning with the Battle of Amiens (8–12 August) on the Western Front, the Allies pushed the Imperial German Army back, undoing its gains from the German spring offensive (21 March – 18 July).

The Germans retreated to the Hindenburg Line, but the Allies broke through the line with a series of victories, starting with the Battle of St Quentin Canal on 29 September. The offensive led directly to the Armistice of 11 November 1918 which ended the war with an Allied victory. The term "Hundred Days Offensive" does not refer to a planned Allied campaign, but rather the rapid series of Allied victories.

Peaceful penetration
Peaceful penetration was an infantry tactic used toward the end of the First World War by Australian troops, a cross between trench raiding and patrolling. The aim was similar to trench raiding (namely, to gather prisoners, conduct reconnaissance, and to dominate no man's land), with the additional purpose to occupy the enemy's outpost line (and so capture ground).

The term came most directly  from the pre-war British press's description of the advancing penetration of German trade into the British Empire as "peaceful penetration".
Jeff Smith (motorcyclist)
Jeffrey Vincent Smith (born 1 January 1934) is an English former professional motorcycle racer. He competed in the Motocross World Championships from 1954 to 1969 as a member of the BSA factory racing team.

Smith's achievements in motorcycle racing include two FIM 500cc Motocross World Championships (1964, 1965), two British Trials Championships, four individual race wins in the Motocross des Nations, one Scottish Six Days Trial win and eight ISDT Gold Medals. In 1970, Smith was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) and in 2000 he was inducted into the AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame.

Paul Friedrichs
Paul Friedrichs (21 March 1940 – 30 August 2012) was an East German motocross and enduro racer. He competed in the FIM Motocross World Championships from 1961 to 1972. Despite not being able to compete in nations like West Germany due to political tensions at the height of the Cold War, Friedrichs was still able to win three consecutive Motocross World Championships between 1966 to 1968.
Running Press
Running Press is an American publishing company and member of the Perseus Books Group, a division of the Hachette Book Group. The publisher's offices are located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, with many of the corporate functions taking place in Hachette's New York City headquarters. It was co-founded by Stuart "Buz" Teacher and his brother,  Lawrence "Larry" Teacher, who died in March 2014.

Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers became an imprint of Running Press in 2017.

Naomi Hirahara
Naomi Hirahara (Japanese: 平原 直美, born 1962) is an American mystery writer and journalist. She edited the largest Japanese-American daily newspaper, Rafu Shimpo, for several years. She is currently a writer of both fiction and non-fiction works and the Edgar Award-winning Mas Arai mystery series.
Warrington Wolves
The Warrington Wolves are a professional rugby league club based in Warrington, England. They play home games at the Halliwell Jones Stadium and compete in the Super League, the top tier of British rugby league. 
Warrington are the only British-based club to have played every season in the top flight. They have won the League Championship three times and the Challenge Cup nine times.

The club's traditional home colours are white, primrose and blue. Warrington have local rivalries with Widnes Vikings, St Helens, Wigan Warriors, Salford Red Devils and Leigh Leopards.

North Wales Crusaders
The North Wales Crusaders (Welsh: Croesgadwyr Gogledd Cymru Rygbi'r Gynghrair) are a professional rugby league club based in Colwyn Bay, Wales. They are the successors to the former Super League club Crusaders Rugby League. They currently compete in the RFL Championship, which is the second tier of the  British rugby league system.

Until the end of 2016 they played their home games at the Racecourse Ground in Wrexham. From 2017 to 2020 they were based at the Queensway Stadium in Wrexham, but also played several games at Hare Lane in Chester.  In 2021 the club moved to the Eirias Stadium in Colwyn Bay.
Spring and Autumn period
The Spring and Autumn period (c. 770 – c. 481 BCE) was a period in Chinese history corresponding roughly to the first half of the Eastern Zhou (c. 771 – 256 BCE), characterized by the gradual erosion of royal power as local lords nominally subject to the Zhou exercised increasing political autonomy. The period's name derives from the Spring and Autumn Annals, a chronicle of the state of Lu between 722 and 481 BCE, which tradition associates with Confucius (551–479 BCE).

During this period, local polities negotiated their own alliances, waged wars against one another, up to defying the king's court in Luoyi. The gradual Partition of Jin, one of the most powerful states, is generally considered to mark the end of the Spring and Autumn period and the beginning of the Warring States period. The periodization dates to the late Western Han (c. 48 BCE – 9 CE).

Zhao (state)
Zhao (traditional Chinese: 趙; simplified Chinese: 赵) was one of the seven major states during the Warring States period of ancient China. It emerged from the tripartite division of Jin, along with Han and Wei, in the 5th century BC. Zhao gained considerable strength from the military reforms initiated during the reign of King Wuling, but suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of Qin at the Battle of Changping. Its territory included areas in the modern provinces of Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi. It bordered the states of Qin, Wei, and Yan, as well as various nomadic peoples including the Hu and Xiongnu. Its capital was Handan, in modern Hebei province.

Zhao was home to the administrative philosopher Shen Dao, Confucian Xun Kuang, and Gongsun Long, who is affiliated to the school of names.
National League North
The National League North, officially known as the Enterprise National League North for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league in England and Wales. National League North is the second division of the National Leagues and step 2 of the NLS and sixth-highest tier overall in the English football league system, after the Premier League, the EFL leagues and the National League and is contested by 24 clubs.

National League North consists of teams mostly located in Northern England, the English Midlands, East Anglia, and Wales. In addition, it can include a small number of teams from the northern-most parts of the South West and South East. Since the start of the 2015–16 season, the league has been known as the National League North.

Bishop's Stortford F.C.
Bishop's Stortford Football Club is a football club based in Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire, England. They are currently members of the Southern League Premier Division Central and play at Woodside Park.
Adygea
Adygea (/ˌɑːdɪˈɡeɪə/ AH-dig-AY-ə), officially the Republic of Adygea or the Adygean Republic, is a republic of Russia. It is situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe. The republic is a part of the Southern Federal District, and covers an area of 7,600 square kilometers (2,900 sq mi), with a population of roughly 500,731 residents  as at 2025. It is an enclave within Krasnodar Krai and is the fifth-smallest Russian federal subject by area. Maykop is the capital and the largest city of Adygea, home to one-third of the republic's population.

Adygea is one of Russia's ethnic republics, primarily representing the indigenous Circassian people who form 25% of the Republic's population, while Russians form a majority at 60%, and with minority populations of Armenians and Ukrainians. The official languages of Adygea are Adyghe and Russian.

2002 Russian census
The 2002 Russian census (Russian: Всеросси́йская пе́репись населе́ния 2002 го́да) was the first census of the Russian Federation since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, carried out on October 9 through October 16, 2002. It was carried out by the Russian Federal Service of State Statistics (Rosstat).
London Borough of Enfield
The London Borough of Enfield (pronunciationⓘ) is a London borough in Greater London, England. The main communities in the borough are Edmonton, Enfield, Southgate and Palmers Green. Enfield is an Outer London borough and forms part of North London, being the northernmost borough and bordering Hertfordshire to the north and Essex to the northeast. The local authority is Enfield London Borough Council, based at Enfield Civic Centre. The borough's population is estimated to be 333,794.

It borders the London boroughs of Barnet to the west, Haringey to the south, and Waltham Forest to the southeast. To the north are the districts of Hertsmere, Welwyn Hatfield and Broxbourne (in Hertfordshire), and to the east is Epping Forest District in Essex.

Hertford Loop line
The Hertford Loop line (also known colloquially as the Hertford Loop) is a branch of the East Coast Main Line, part of the Northern City Line commuter route to London for Hertford and other Hertfordshire towns and an occasional diversion route for the main line. The line is part of the Network Rail Strategic Route 8, SRS 08.03 and is classified as a London and South East Commuter line.
2016–17 Coppa Italia
The 2016–17 Coppa Italia, also known as TIM Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the 70th edition of the domestic national tournament. Juventus successfully defended its title by defeating Lazio 2–0 in the final, becoming the first team to win the title for three consecutive years and for a record-extending 12th title.

2020–21 Coppa Italia
The 2020–21 Coppa Italia (branded as the TIMVISION Cup for sponsorship reasons during the final) was the 74th edition of the national domestic Italian football tournament.

Napoli were the defending champions, but were defeated by Atalanta in the semi-finals.

Juventus won a record-extending fourteenth cup title, defeating Atalanta 2–1 in the final.

This season is the last using the 78-teams format. From the next season, the format would be with 44 teams.
James Gregory (mathematician)
James Gregory (November 1638 – October 1675) was a Scottish mathematician and astronomer. His surname is sometimes spelt as Gregorie, the original Scottish spelling. He described an early practical design for the reflecting telescope – the Gregorian telescope – and made advances in trigonometry, discovering infinite series representations for several trigonometric functions.

In his book Geometriae Pars Universalis (1668) Gregory gave both the first published statement and proof of the fundamental theorem of the calculus (stated from a geometric point of view, and only for a special class of the curves considered by later versions of the theorem), for which he was acknowledged by Isaac Barrow.

John Wallis
John Wallis (/ˈwɒlɪs/; Latin: Wallisius; 3 December [O.S. 23 November] 1616 – 8 November [O.S. 28 October] 1703) was an English clergyman and mathematician, who is given partial credit for the development of infinitesimal calculus.

Between 1643 and 1689 Wallis served as chief cryptographer for Parliament and, later, the royal court. He is credited with introducing the symbol ∞ to represent the concept of infinity. He similarly used 1/∞ for an infinitesimal. He was a contemporary of Isaac Newton and one of the greatest intellectuals of the early modern mathematics.
Hawaii Rainbow Warriors football
The Hawaii Rainbow Warriors football team represents the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa in NCAA Division I FBS college football.  It was part of the Western Athletic Conference until July 2012, when the team joined the Mountain West Conference (MW) as a football-only member, with an upgrade to full MW membership pending in 2026. From 2000 until 2013, the team was known simply as the Warriors.

California Golden Bears football
The California Golden Bears football program represents the University of California, Berkeley, in college football as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference at the NCAA Division I FBS level. They were previously a member of the Pac-12 Conference. The team plays its home games at California Memorial Stadium and was most recently coached by Justin Wilcox before his firing following the 2025 Big Game. Since beginning of play in 1886, the team has won five NCAA recognized national titles — 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1937 — and 14 conference championships, the last one in 2006. It has also produced what are considered to be two of the oddest and most memorable plays in college football: Roy "Wrong Way" Riegels' fumble recovery at the 1929 Rose Bowl and The Play kickoff return in the 1982 Big Game.
United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Defense
The U.S. Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Defense is one of twelve subcommittees of the U.S. Senate Committee on Appropriations. Military defense spending is the largest individual component of federal discretionary spending, making the Defense Subcommittee one of the more powerful Appropriations subcommittees.  When referring to federal discretionary spending as a whole, many budget analysts make a distinction between defense and non-defense discretionary spending. The United States Senate Committee on Appropriations has joint jurisdiction with the United States House Committee on Appropriations over all appropriations bills in the United States Congress. Each committee has 12 matching subcommittees, each of which is tasked with working on one of the twelve annual regular appropriations bills.

United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies
The United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies is one of twelve subcommittees of the United States Senate Committee on Appropriations.

The United States Senate Committee on Appropriations has joint jurisdiction with the United States House Committee on Appropriations over all appropriations bills in the United States Congress. Each committee has 12 matching subcommittees, each of which is tasked with working on one of the twelve annual regular appropriations bills. This subcommittee has jurisdiction over the budget for the United States Department of Labor, the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and the United States Department of Education.
Lithgow Blast Furnace
The Lithgow Blast Furnace is a heritage-listed former blast furnace and now park and visitor attraction at Inch Street, Lithgow, City of Lithgow, New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1906 to 1907 by William Sandford Limited. It is also known as Eskbank Ironworks Blast Furnace site; Industrial Archaeological Site. The property is owned by Lithgow City Council. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Lal Lal Iron Mine and Smelting Works
Lal Lal Iron Mine and Smelting Works were located close to the western branch of the Moorabool River, near the town of Lal Lal, Victoria, Australia, which lies on the Geelong-Ballarat railway line about 19 km from Ballarat. From 1875 to 1884, pig iron was made there in a blast furnace using iron ore mined at the site, locally produced charcoal, and limestone from a nearby deposit. The works ultimately proved to be uneconomic. It remains the only attempt to establish an iron smelting industry in Victoria.

The ruin of the blast furnace on the site is one of only three extant 19th-century blast furnace structures in Australia—the other ones being in northern Tasmania and southern New South Wales—and it is the only one of its type in the southern hemisphere. The site is on the Victorian Heritage Register (No. 1759) and the Register of the National Estate.
Mattachine Society
The Mattachine Society (/ˈmætəʃiːn/), founded in 1950, was an early national gay rights organization in the United States, preceded by several covert and open organizations, such as Chicago's Society for Human Rights. Communist and labor activist Harry Hay formed the group with a collection of male friends in Los Angeles to protect and improve the rights of gay men. Branches formed in other cities, and by 1961 the Society had splintered into regional groups.

At the beginning of gay rights protest, news on Cuban prison work camps for homosexuals inspired Mattachine Society to organize protests at the United Nations and the White House in 1965.

Radical Faeries
Radical Faeries are a loosely affiliated worldwide network and countercultural movement blending queer consciousness and secular spirituality. Sharing various aspects with neopaganism, the movement also adopts elements from anarchism and environmentalism. Rejecting hetero-imitation, the Radical Faerie movement began during the 1970s sexual revolution among gay men in the United States. Gay activists Harry Hay, Mitch Walker, Don Kilhefner, and John Burnside organized the first Spiritual Conference for Radical Faeries in September 1979.

The network subsequently evolved alongside queer rights expansions, engaging with eclectic constructs and rituals while challenging commercialized and patriarchal aspects of modern LGBTQ+ life. Faeries tend to be fiercely independent, anti-establishment, and community-focused. Contemporary Radical Faeries embody a wide range of genders, sexual orientations, and identities.
Lester Piggott
Lester Keith Piggott (5 November 1935 – 29 May 2022) was an English professional jockey and horse trainer. With 4,493 career flat racing wins in Britain, including a record nine Epsom Derby victories, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest flat racing jockeys of all time and the originator of a much-imitated style. Popularly called "The Long Fellow", he was known for his competitive personality, restricting his weight and, on occasion, not sparing the whip, such as in the 1972 Derby. Piggott was convicted of tax fraud in 1987 and sentenced to three years in prison, but served just over a year.

Steve Cauthen
Steve Cauthen (born May 1, 1960) is a retired American jockey.

In 1977 he became the first jockey to win over $6 million in a year working with agent Lenny Goodman, and in 1978 he became the youngest jockey to win the U. S. Triple Crown. Cauthen is the only jockey ever named Sports Illustrated Sportsman of the Year.

After riding for a few years in the United States, he began racing in Europe. He is the only jockey to have won both the Kentucky Derby and the Epsom Derby.
Paramount Television
The first incarnation of Paramount Television was operated as the television production division of the CBS Paramount Network Television Entertainment Group, which was active from December 15, 1966 until April 24, 2006, when it was renamed as CBS Paramount Television.

Warner Bros.
Warner Bros. is a brand name that has been used by several multinational mass media and entertainment companies and corporations, mostly based in the United States, with attributions to Warner Bros. Pictures, a major American film studio founded on April 4, 1923.

As of 2026, Warner Bros. Discovery owns the motion picture and television assets derived from the original Warner Bros. studio, while the latter's original recorded music arm, Warner Records (formerly known as Warner Bros. Records), now a flagship subsidiary of Warner Music Group, has been independently owned since 2004. Several other former subsidiaries and divisions have been spun off or sold, but no longer use the Warner name.
Knesset
The Knesset (Hebrew: הַכְּנֶסֶת, romanized: HaKneset [haˈkneset] ⓘ lit. 'gathering, assembly', Arabic: الْكِنِيسِت, romanized: al-Kinīsit) is the unicameral legislature of Israel.

The Knesset passes all laws, elects the president and prime minister, approves the cabinet, and supervises the work of the government, among other things. In addition, the Knesset elects the state comptroller. It also has the power to waive the immunity of its members, remove the president and the state comptroller from office, dissolve the government in a constructive vote of no confidence, and to dissolve itself and call new elections. The prime minister may also dissolve the Knesset. However, until an election is completed, the Knesset maintains authority in its current composition. The Knesset meets in its building in Givat Ram, Jerusalem.

Members of the Knesset are elected nationwide through proportional representation.

Yuli Edelstein
Yuli-Yoel Edelstein (Hebrew: יולי יואל אדלשטיין, Russian: Юлий Йоэль Эдельштейн; born 5 August 1958) is an Israeli politician who served as Minister of Health from 2020 to 2021 and served as chairman of the Knesset Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee from 2022 until 2025. One of the most prominent refuseniks in the Soviet Union, he was the 16th Speaker of the Knesset from 2013 until his resignation on 25 March 2020.
Wynyard railway station, Sydney
Wynyard railway station (/ˈwɪnjərd/) is a heritage-listed underground commuter rail station located in the north-west precinct of the Sydney central business district, in New South Wales, Australia. The station opened on 28 February 1932 to coincide with the opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge.

Milsons Point railway station
Milsons Point railway station is a heritage-listed suburban railway station located on the North Shore line, serving the Sydney suburb of Milsons Point. It is served by Sydney Trains T1 North Shore line services. The station is elevated and is accessible via both stairs and a lift. It was designed and built by the Sydney Harbour Bridge Branch of the NSW Department of Public Works. The property was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.
Sol LeWitt
Solomon "Sol" LeWitt (September 9, 1928 – April 8, 2007) was an American artist linked to various movements, including conceptual art and minimalism.

LeWitt came to fame in the late 1960s with his wall drawings and "structures" (a term he preferred to "sculptures") but was prolific in a wide range of media including drawing, printmaking, photography, painting, installation, and artist's books. He has been the subject of hundreds of solo exhibitions in museums and galleries around the world since 1965. The first biography of the artist, Sol LeWitt: A Life of Ideas, by Lary Bloom, was published by Wesleyan University Press in the spring of 2019.

Lynda Benglis
Lynda Benglis (born October 25, 1941) is an American sculptor and visual artist known especially for her wax paintings and poured latex sculptures. She maintains residences in New York City, Santa Fe, New Mexico, Kastellorizo, Greece, and Ahmedabad, India.
Sargodha
Sargodha (/sɑːˈɡəʊdə/; سرگودھا; Punjabi: [sɐɾˈɡoː˦d̪ˑäː]; Urdu: [ˈsəɾˌɡoːˈd̪ʱɑː]) is a city and capital of Sargodha Division, located in central Punjab, Pakistan. It is Pakistan's 11th most populous city and one of the fastest-growing cities of the country. It is also known as the City of Eagles.

It is one of the few planned cities of Pakistan (others include Faisalabad, Islamabad and Gwadar).

Jhang
Jhang (Punjabi / Urdu: جھنگ; Punjabi pronunciation: [ˈt͡ʃə̀ŋ.gᵊ]; Urdu pronunciation: [d͡ʒʱəŋɡ]) is the capital city of Jhang District in central Punjab, Pakistan. Situated on the east bank of the Chenab River, it is the 14th most populous city in Pakistan.