hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Free group
In mathematics, the free group  over a given set  consists of all words that can be built from members of , considering two words to be different unless their equality follows from the group axioms (e.g.  but  for ). The members of  are called generators of , and the number of generators is the rank of the free group.
An arbitrary group  is called free if it is isomorphic to  for some subset  of , that is, if there is a subset  of  such that every element of  can be written in exactly one way as a product of finitely many elements of  and their inverses (disregarding trivial variations such as ).

A related but different notion is a free abelian group; both notions are particular instances of a free object from universal algebra. As such, free groups are defined by their universal property.

Hyperbolic group
In group theory, more precisely in geometric group theory, a hyperbolic group, also known as a word hyperbolic group or Gromov hyperbolic group, is a finitely generated group equipped with a word metric satisfying certain properties abstracted from classical hyperbolic geometry. The notion of a hyperbolic group was introduced and developed by Mikhail Gromov (1987). The inspiration came from various existing mathematical theories: hyperbolic geometry but also low-dimensional topology (in particular the results of Max Dehn concerning the fundamental group of a hyperbolic Riemann surface, and more complex phenomena in three-dimensional topology), and combinatorial group theory. In a very influential (over 1000 citations ) chapter from 1987, Gromov proposed a wide-ranging research program. Ideas and foundational material in the theory of hyperbolic groups also stem from the work of George Mostow, William Thurston, James W. Cannon, Eliyahu Rips, and many others.
Lemont, Illinois
Lemont is a village located in Cook, DuPage, and Will counties in the U.S. state of Illinois, and is a south-west suburb of Chicago.  The population was 17,629 as of the 2020 census. The village is situated on a hillside along the south banks of the Des Plaines River. It overlooks Waterfall Glen's Midwestern Bluff Savanna on the opposite side. Lemont is home to Argonne National Laboratory and other heavy industrial sites, and has a substantial European immigrant population.

Bolingbrook, Illinois
Bolingbrook is a village in Will and DuPage counties in the U.S. state of Illinois. It is a southwest suburb of Chicago on I-55 and Historic Route 66 (Frontage Road). The village was a new town built on the Gateway Wetlands west of the Des Plaines River in the 1960s. Bolingbrook experienced rapid growth in the 1980s and 1990s, eventually becoming Will county's second-largest town after Joliet. Per the 2020 census, the population was 73,922. As of 2010, it is the 17th-largest incorporated place in Illinois and the state's second-largest village.
Jim Lampley
James Lampley (born April 8, 1949) is an American sportscaster, news anchor, film producer, and restaurant owner. He is best known as a blow-by-blow announcer on HBO World Championship Boxing for 30 years. He covered a record 14 Olympic Games on U.S. television, most recently the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China.

Max Kellerman
Max Kellerman (born August 6, 1973) is an American sports television personality and boxing commentator. Until his departure from ESPN in June 2023, he was the host of This Just In with Max Kellerman and the co-host of Keyshawn, JWill and Max on ESPN Radio. He previously was a co-host of ESPN talk show First Take alongside Stephen A. Smith and Molly Qerim. He also previously was the co-host of the sports radio talk show Max & Marcellus, with Marcellus Wiley, on ESPNLA. Kellerman hosted the ESPN panel talk show Around the Horn from the show's inception in 2002 until 2004 and co-hosted the sports comedy talk show SportsNation, alongside Wiley and Michelle Beadle, from 2013 until 2016. He was also a studio commentator with Brian Kenny on Friday Night Fights and a color commentator for HBO World Championship Boxing and Boxing After Dark.
Fudan University
Fudan University (FDU) is a public university in Yangpu, Shanghai, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education and is co-funded with the Shanghai Municipal Government. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction.

The university was originally founded by the Chinese Jesuit priest Ma Xiangbo in 1905. It is a member of the C9 League.

Renmin University of China
The Renmin University of China (RUC) is a public university in Haidian, Beijing, China. The university is affiliated with the Ministry of Education, and co-funded by the Ministry of Education and the Beijing Municipal People's Government. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction.
Donkeyskin
"Donkeyskin" (French: Peau d'Âne) is a French literary fairytale written in verse by Charles Perrault. It was first published in 1695 in a small volume and republished in 1697 in Perrault's Histoires ou contes du temps passé. Andrew Lang included it, somewhat euphemized, in The Grey Fairy Book. It is classed among folktales of Aarne-Thompson type 510B, unnatural love.

The King Who Wished to Marry His Daughter
"The King Who Wished to Marry His Daughter" is a Scottish fairy tale collected by John Francis Campbell in Popular Tales of the West Highlands, listing his informant as Ann Darroch from Islay.

It is Aarne-Thompson type 510B, unnatural love.  Others of this type include Cap-o'-Rushes, Catskin, Little Cat Skin, Allerleirauh, Donkeyskin, The She-Bear, Tattercoats, Mossycoat, The Princess That Wore a Rabbit-Skin Dress, The Bear and The Princess in the Suit of Leather.
Sag Harbor, New York
Sag Harbor is an incorporated village in Suffolk County, New York, United States, in the towns of Southampton and East Hampton on eastern Long Island. The village developed as a working port on Gardiners Bay. The population was 2,772 at the 2020 census.

The entire business district is listed as the historic Sag Harbor Village District on the National Register of Historic Places. A major whaling and shipping port in the 19th century, by the end of this period and in the 20th century, it became a destination for wealthy people who summered there.

Sag Harbor is about three-fifths in Southampton and two-fifths in East Hampton; the town boundary being Division Street. Its landmarks include structures associated with whaling and its early days when it was designated as the first port of entry to the new United States. It had the first United States custom house erected on Long Island.

East Hampton (village), New York
The Village of East Hampton is a village in Suffolk County, New York. It is located in the town of East Hampton on the South Fork of eastern Long Island. The population was 1,083 at the time of the 2010 census, 251 less than in the year 2000. It is a center of the upscale residential and summer resort area at the East End of Long Island known as The Hamptons. The Mayor of East Hampton Village is Jerry Larsen, elected on September 15, 2020.
A Current Affair (American TV program)
A Current Affair is an American television newsmagazine program that aired in syndication from July 28, 1986, to August 30, 1996, before it was briefly rebroadcast from March to October 2005. The program was produced by Fox Television Stations, and based at Fox's New York City flagship station WNYW, starting as a local production in 1986. It was syndicated to Fox's other owned-and-operated stations the next year, and then went into full national syndication in September 1988.

Its signature "ka-chung" sound effect was created using a combination of the snap of a construction paper cutter and the swing of a golf club put through a synthesizer.

Hard Copy (TV program)
Hard Copy is an American tabloid television show that ran in syndication from 1989 to 1999. Hard Copy was aggressive in its use of questionable material on television, including gratuitous violence.

The original hosts of Hard Copy were Alan Frio and Terry Murphy. Frio left the series after the 1990–91 season and was succeeded by Barry Nolan in the fall of 1991. Nolan and Murphy would stay until after the 1997–98 season, when they both departed. In the show's final season, Kyle Kraska took over as the sole host.

Hard Copy was produced and distributed by Paramount Domestic Television and, for much of its time on air, was often aired with its sister show,  the Hollywood news program Entertainment Tonight as part of an hour-long programming block sold to local stations.
Department of Pasco
Pasco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpasko]; Quechua: Pasqu) is a department of Peru. It is located in the country's central highlands. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is Cerro de Pasco.

Department of Ucayali
Ucayali (Spanish pronunciation: [ukaˈʝali]) is a department of Peru. Located in the Amazon rainforest, it is the second largest department in Peru, after Loreto. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Pucallpa.

The arapaima is depicted on both the flag and the seal of the region.
Frank L. Shaw
Frank Lawrence Shaw (February 1, 1877 – January 24, 1958) was an American politician who served as mayor of Los Angeles, California, from 1933 until 1938. He was recalled from office in 1938, becoming the first mayor of a major American city to be recalled. He was also a member of the Los Angeles City Council and then the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. His administration was seen as one of the most corrupt in Los Angeles history, although he had some defenders and was never charged officially with any crime.

Fletcher Bowron
Fletcher Bowron (August 13, 1887 – September 11, 1968) was an American lawyer, judge, and politician. He was the 35th Mayor of Los Angeles from 1938 to 1953. As a member of the Republican Party, Bowron’s 15 years of service was the city's longest-serving mayor at the time and the second longest-serving mayor overall after Tom Bradley. He presided over the post-war boom, significant population growth, and the construction of freeways accommodate the increased traffic.
Dan Moloney (wrestler)
Daniel Joseph Moloney (born February 9, 1997) is an English professional wrestler. He is signed to New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), where he performs under the ring name Drilla Moloney and is a member of the Unbound Co. stable. He was a former member of Bullet Club and its War Dogs contingent. He is a former two-time IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Champion alongside Clark Connors. Moloney also makes appearances for various British promotions such as Progress Wrestling, TNT Extreme Wrestling and prior to 2024, Revolution Pro Wrestling. In NJPW, Moloney was a former member of the United Empire stable for a brief time before betraying them for Bullet Club at Dominion (June 4, 2023).

List of Bullet Club members
The following is a list of members of Bullet Club, a professional wrestling stable that performed primarily in New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), All Elite Wrestling (AEW), Ring of Honor (ROH), and Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) from 2013 to 2026.
Caddoan languages
The Caddoan languages are a nearly extinct family of languages native to the Great Plains spoken by tribal groups of the central United States, from present-day North Dakota south to Oklahoma. There are only 2 currently spoken languages, as the number of speakers for this family has declined markedly due to colonial legacy, lack of support, and other factors.

Siouan languages
Siouan (/ˈsuːən/ SOO-ən), also known as Siouan–Catawban (/ˌsuːən kəˈtɔː.bən/ SOO-ən kə-TAW-bən), is a language family of North America located primarily in the Great Plains, Ohio and Mississippi valleys and southeastern North America with a few other languages in the east.
Jean-Éric Vergne
Jean-Éric Serge Raymond Vergne (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃.e.ʁik sɛʁʒ ʁe.mɔ̃ vɛʁɲ]; born 25 April 1990), also known by his initials JEV, is a French racing driver, who currently competes in the FIA World Endurance Championship for Peugeot and in Formula E for the Citroën Formula E Team. Vergne also competed in Formula One from 2012 to 2014, and has won a record two Formula E Championship titles with Techeetah.

Vergne became the 2017–18 ABB Formula E Champion, after clinching fifth in the New York ePrix in 2018, and he became the first Formula E driver to win two consecutive championships after his repeat success in the 2018–19 season. He competed in Formula One for Scuderia Toro Rosso from 2012 to 2014, and was a Ferrari test and development driver from 2015 to 2016. He won the British Formula 3 Championship in 2010 and then finished runner up to teammate Robert Wickens in the 2011 Formula Renault 3.5 Series season.

Jake Dennis
Jake Dennis (born 16 June 1995) is a British racing driver who competes in Formula E for Andretti and serves as a factory driver for BMW. Dennis won the 2022–23 Formula E World Championship with Andretti.

Born and raised in Nuneaton, Warwickshire, Dennis began competitive kart racing aged eight. After a successful karting career—culminating in his victory at the junior World Championship in 2010—Dennis progressed to junior formulae. He has served as a test driver for Red Bull in Formula One since 2018.
Face to Face (punk band)
Face to Face is a punk rock band from Victorville, California, formed in 1991 by frontman Trever Keith, bassist Matt Riddle and drummer Rob Kurth. The band rose to fame with their 1995 album Big Choice, featuring the radio hit "Disconnected" which received heavy rotation on KROQ radio in Los Angeles and appeared in the movies Tank Girl and National Lampoon's Senior Trip.

Face to Face officially split up in September 2004, allowing the band members time to focus on other projects.  During that time all the band members played in a number of post-Face to Face projects including Legion of Doom, Me First and the Gimme Gimmes, The Offspring and Saves the Day. In April 2008, after a four-year hiatus, Face to Face performed together for the first time at The Glasshouse in Pomona, California. Since then, the band has continued to perform and has released five more studio albums to date.

No Use for a Name
No Use for a Name (sometimes abbreviated NUFAN or No Use) was an American punk rock band from Sunnyvale, California, formed in 1986 by Chris Dodge (guitar), Steve Papoutsis (bass) and Rory Koff (drums). The band's sound evolved considerably through its career, starting off as a Bay Area-influenced punk band, moving on to a much heavier metallic-tinted sound to finally taking on a much lighter brand of melodic punk as the years passed. Following Tony Sly's death on July 31, 2012, the remaining members chose to disband the group out of respect for him.
Thamesmead
Thamesmead (/ˈtɛmzmiːd/) is an area of south-east London, England, straddling the border between the Royal Borough of Greenwich and the London Borough of Bexley. It is located 11 miles (18 km) east of Charing Cross, north-east of Woolwich and west of Belvedere. It mainly consists of social housing built from the mid-1960s onwards on former marshland on the south bank of the River Thames.

Welling
Welling is a town in South East London, England, in the London Borough of Bexley, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) west of Bexleyheath, 4 miles (6.4 km) southeast of Woolwich and 10.5 miles (16.9 km) of Charing Cross. It was part of Kent prior to the creation of Greater London in 1965.
Daichi Hashimoto
Daichi Hashimoto (橋本 大地, Hashimoto Daichi; born April 13, 1992) is a Japanese professional wrestler. He is currently signed to Big Japan Pro Wrestling (BJW), where he performs in the Strong BJ division.

In BJW, Hashimoto is a two-time BJW World Strong Heavyweight Champion and three-time BJW Tag Team Champion. He is the son of Shinya Hashimoto and started his career in his father's Pro Wrestling Zero1 (Zero1) promotion.

Kazumi Kikuta
Kazumi Kikuta (菊田一美, Kikuta Kazumi) is a Japanese professional wrestler currently working for the promotion Big Japan Pro Wrestling where he is a former BJW Tag Team Champion and Yokohama Shopping Street 6-Man Tag Team Champion.And outside Bjw he was a 1 time Freedoms Kfc deathmatch champion]
Voir dire
Voir dire (/ˈvwɑːr dɪər/ ⓘ; often /vɔɪr daɪər/; from an Anglo-Norman term in common law meaning "to speak the truth") is a legal term for procedures during a trial that help a judge decide certain issues:

Prospective jurors are questioned to decide whether they can be fair and impartial.

Witnesses are questioned to decide their competence to testify.

Witnesses are questioned to decide the admissibility of evidence.

Peremptory challenge
The right of peremptory challenge is a legal right in jury selection for the attorneys to reject a certain number of potential jurors or judges without stating a reason. The idea behind peremptory challenges is that if both parties have contributed in the configuration of the jury, they will find its verdict more acceptable. The use of peremptory challenges is controversial as some feel it has been used to undermine the balanced representation on a jury which would occur using random selection. Many jurisdictions limit or prohibit peremptory challenges.
Lionel Hampton
Lionel Leo Hampton (April 20, 1908 – August 31, 2002) was an American jazz vibraphonist, percussionist, and bandleader. He worked with jazz musicians from Teddy Wilson, Benny Goodman, and Buddy Rich, to Charlie Parker, Charles Mingus, and Quincy Jones. In 1992, he was inducted into the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame, and he was awarded the National Medal of Arts in 1996.

Hampton was a member of the executive committee of the Writers and Artists for Peace in the Middle East, a pro-Israel group. In 1984, he signed a letter protesting German arms sales to Saudi Arabia.

Harry James
Harry Haag James (March 15, 1916 – July 5, 1983) was an American musician who is best known as a trumpet-playing band leader who led a big band to great commercial success from 1939 to 1946. He broke up his band for a short period in 1947, but shortly after he reorganized and was active again with his band from then until his death in 1983. He was especially known among musicians for his technical proficiency as well as his tone, and was influential on new trumpet players from the late 1930s into the 1940s. He was also an actor in a number of films that usually featured his band.
Sultanate of Maguindanao
The Sultanate of Maguindanao (Maguindanaon: Kasultanan nu Magindanaw, Jawi: كسولتانن نو مڬیندنو; Filipino: Kasultanan ng Mangindánaw) was a Sunni Muslim sultanate that ruled parts of the island of Mindanao, in the southern Philippines, especially in modern-day Maguindanao provinces (Maguindanao del Sur and Maguindanao del Norte), Soccsksargen, Zamboanga Peninsula and Davao Region.

Its known historical influence stretches from the peninsula of Zamboanga to bay of Sarangani until Davao Gulf. During the era of European colonization, the sultanate maintained friendly relations with British and Dutch traders.

Sultanate of Ternate
The Sultanate of Ternate (Jawi: کسلطانن ترناتي‎), previously known as the Kingdom of Gapi, is one of the oldest Muslim kingdoms in Indonesia besides the sultanates of Tidore, Jailolo, and Bacan.

The Ternate kingdom was established by Momole Cico, the first leader of Ternate, with the title Baab Mashur Malamo, traditionally in 1257. It reached its Golden Age during the reign of Sultan Baabullah (1570–1583) and encompassed most of the eastern part of Indonesia and a part of southern Philippines. Ternate was a major producer of cloves and a regional power from the 15th to 17th centuries.

The dynasty founded by Cico continues to the present, as does the Sultanate itself, although it no longer holds any political power.
Robert Rauschenberg
Milton Ernest "Robert" or "Bob" Rauschenberg (October 22, 1925 – May 12, 2008) was an American painter and graphic artist whose early works anticipated the Pop art movement. Rauschenberg is well known for his Combines (1954–1964), a group of artworks which incorporated everyday objects as art materials and which blurred the distinctions between painting and sculpture. Rauschenberg was primarily a painter and a sculptor, but he also worked with photography, printmaking, papermaking and performance.

Rauschenberg received numerous awards during his nearly 60-year artistic career. Among the most prominent were the International Grand Prize in Painting at the 32nd Venice Biennale in 1964 and the National Medal of Arts in 1993.

Rauschenberg lived and worked in New York City and on Captiva Island, Florida, until his death on May 12, 2008.

Brice Marden
Nicholas Brice Marden Jr. (October 15, 1938 – August 9, 2023) was an American artist generally described as minimalist, although his work has roots in abstract expressionism, color field painting, and lyrical abstraction. He lived and worked in New York City; Tivoli, New York; Hydra, Greece; and Eagles Mere, Pennsylvania.
Stephen Bunting
Stephen Paul Bunting (born 9 April 1985) is an English professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events, where he is ranked world number six; he reached a peak ranking of world number four in 2025. Nicknamed "the Bullet", Bunting previously competed in British Darts Organisation (BDO) and World Darts Federation (WDF) events. He won the BDO World Championship in 2014. He also won three other BDO major titles: the World Masters in 2012 and 2013 and the Finder Masters in 2012.

He switched to the PDC after accepting a Tour Card in 2014, and has since won ten titles; seven ranking Pro Tour titles and three non-ranking. He won his first PDC major title at the 2024 Masters, defeating Michael van Gerwen in the final. He also reached the semi-finals of the PDC World Championship in 2021 and 2025.

Martin Schindler
Martin Schindler (born 16 August 1996) is a German professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events, where he is ranked world number sixteen. A professional since 2017, he has won 4 PDC ranking titles. He won 2025 Players Championship 8 and has won three PDC European Tours: the International Darts Open and Swiss Darts Trophy in 2024, and the 2025 Austrian Darts Open.

Nicknamed "the Wall", Schindler is a two-time quarter-finalist in PDC major singles events, reaching the last eight at the World Grand Prix and UK Open, both in 2023. He has represented Germany at the PDC World Cup of Darts, reaching the semi-finals in 2023 and 2025. In his youth career, Schindler finished as the runner-up at the 2018 PDC World Youth Championship and won three Development Tours.
Gerry Conway
Gerard Francis Conway (born September 10, 1952) is an American comic book writer, comic book editor, science fiction writer, screenwriter, television writer, and television producer. He is known for co-creating the Marvel Comics vigilante antihero the Punisher as well as Peter Parker's clone Ben Reilly, the super villain Jackal, and the first Ms. Marvel, and also writing the death of the character Gwen Stacy during his long run on The Amazing Spider-Man in the story arc "The Night Gwen Stacy Died".

At DC Comics, he is known for co-creating the superheroes Firestorm, Power Girl, Jason Todd, and the villain Killer Croc, and for writing the Justice League of America for eight years. Conway wrote the first major, modern-day intercompany crossover, Superman vs. the Amazing Spider-Man.

John Buscema
John Buscema (/bjuːˈsɛmə/ bew-SEM-ə; born Giovanni Natale Buscema, Italian: [dʒoˈvanni naˈtaːle buʃˈʃɛːma]; December 11, 1927 – January 10, 2002) was an American comic book artist and one of the mainstays of Marvel Comics during its 1960s and 1970s ascendancy into an industry leader and its subsequent expansion to a major pop-culture conglomerate. His younger brother Sal Buscema was also a comic book artist.

Buscema is best known for his run on the series The Avengers and The Silver Surfer, and for over 200 stories featuring the sword-and-sorcery hero Conan the Barbarian. In addition, he pencilled at least one issue of nearly every major Marvel title, including long runs on two of the company's top magazines, Fantastic Four and Thor.

He was inducted into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 2002. In October 2024, Buscema was inducted into the Harvey Awards Hall of Fame.