hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Expedition of Tabuk
The Expedition of Tabuk (Arabic: غَزوَة تَبوك; Ghazwat Tabūk), also known as the Campaign of Hardship (Ghazwat al-ʿUsrah), was a military campaign that was initiated by the Islamic prophet Muhammad in October 630 CE (Rajab AH 9), in response to reports of a potential Byzantine invasion of northern Arabia. He led a force of as many as 30,000 north to Tabuk, near the Gulf of Aqaba, in present-day northwestern Saudi Arabia. Although no direct battle occurred, the campaign was significant for asserting Muslim presence in the region and securing strategic alliances.

Conquest of Mecca
The conquest of Mecca (Arabic: فتح مكة Fatḥ Makka) was a military campaign undertaken by Muhammad and his companions during the Muslim–Quraysh War. They led the early Muslims in an advance on the Quraysh-controlled city of Mecca in December 629 or January 630 (10–20 Ramadan, 8 AH). The fall of the city to Muhammad formally marked the end of the conflict between his followers and the Quraysh tribal confederation.
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae (/ruːbiˈeɪsiːˌiː, -siˌaɪ/) is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 14,200 species in about 615 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family by number of species. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. Economically important genera include  Coffea, the source of coffee; Cinchona, the source of the antimalarial alkaloid quinine; ornamental cultivars (e.g., Gardenia, Ixora, Pentas); and historically some dye plants (e.g., Rubia).

Gentianaceae
Gentianaceae is a family of flowering plants of 105 genera and about 1650 species. Species in this family inhabit every continent except the antarctic, and have been used around the world for centuries as traditional medicine.
El Ligero
Simon Musk (born 1 July 1985) is an English professional wrestler better known under his in-ring persona of masked Mexican luchador, El Ligero (or simply Ligero). He is most known for his time in the British independent circuit and  in WWE, on their NXT UK brand.

Mark Andrews (wrestler)
Mark Andrews (born 25 January 1992) is a Welsh professional wrestler and musician, currently performing on the British independent scene and for Revolution Pro Wrestling (RevPro), where he and stablemate Flash Morgan Webster are former Undisputed British Tag Team Champions.

He previously wrestled for WWE, where he and Webster were  the first Welsh Champions in WWE history during their reign as NXT UK Tag Team Champions.  He  had a previous stint in Impact Wrestling – then known as Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) – in the mid-2010s under the ring name Mandrews.

As a musician, Andrews is the bassist and co-lead vocalist of the pop punk band Junior.
Shane Victorino
Shane Patrick Victorino (born November 30, 1980), nicknamed "the Flyin' Hawaiian", is an American former professional baseball outfielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres, Philadelphia Phillies, Los Angeles Dodgers, Boston Red Sox, and Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. He was primarily a switch-hitter until the 2013 season, when discomfort from various hamstring, back, and knee problems forced him to become an exclusively right-handed batter.

Victorino made his MLB debut with the Padres in 2003. He played for the Phillies from 2005 through 2012. With the Phillies, Victorino won three Gold Glove Awards, was named to two MLB All-Star Games, and was a member of the 2008 World Series champions. With the Red Sox, Victorino won his fourth Gold Glove Award and was a member of the 2013 World Series champions. He also won the Lou Gehrig Memorial Award in 2008 and the Branch Rickey Award in 2011.

Mike Napoli
Michael Anthony Napoli (born October 31, 1981) is an American former professional baseball first baseman and catcher who is currently serving as the assistant bench coach for the Cincinnati Reds of Major League Baseball (MLB).

He was selected in the 17th round (500th overall) of the 2000 Major League Baseball draft, then played in MLB for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, Texas Rangers, Boston Red Sox, and Cleveland Indians. Napoli was primarily a catcher from 2005 to 2012, before spending the remainder of his career as a first baseman and designated hitter. He holds the all-time single-season records for most strikeouts by both a Red Sox player and an Indians player. In 2009 he led all American League catchers in errors, and in 2016 he led all AL first basemen in errors.
Darrang district
Darrang district (Assamese pronunciation: [dɔrɔŋ]) is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India. The district headquarters are located at Mangaldoi. The district occupies an area of 1585 km2.

Morigaon district
Morigaon district is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India. The district headquarters is located at Morigaon. The ancient place of occult Mayong is located in this district as well as Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary.
Tatiana Kopnina
Tatiana Vladimirovna Kopnina (Russian: Татья́на Влади́мировна Копнина́; November 11, 1921 – March 6, 2009) was a Soviet Russian painter and art teacher who lived and worked in Leningrad - Saint Petersburg. She is regarded as one of the representatives of the Leningrad school of painting, and is most known for her portrait paintings.

Nikolai Brandt
Nikolai Nikolaevich Brandt (Russian: Николай Николаевич Брандт; 26 December 1917 – 28 March 1975) was a Soviet Russian painter and stage decorator. He lived and worked in Leningrad. He was a member of the Leningrad Union of Artists and is regarded as a representative of the Leningrad school of painting, known for his landscape paintings.
Vsevolod Bazhenov
Vsevolod Andreevich Bazhenov (Russian: Все́волод Андре́евич Баже́нов; February 18, 1909 – August 2, 1986) was a Soviet, Russian painter who lived and worked in Leningrad. He was a member of the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation, and regarded as a known representative of the Leningrad school of painting, most known for his landscape paintings.

Maria Rudnitskaya
Maria Leonidovna Rudnitskaya (Russian: Мари́я Леони́довна Рудни́цкая; June 17, 1916 – January 1, 1983) was a Russian Soviet realist painter, graphic artist, and art teacher, who lived and worked in Leningrad. She was a member of the Leningrad Union of Artists, regarded as one of representatives of the Leningrad school of painting.
Llanos
The Llanos (Spanish Los Llanos, "The Plains"; Spanish pronunciation: [los ˈʝanos]) is a vast tropical grassland plain situated to the east of the Andes in Colombia and Venezuela, in northwestern South America. It is an ecoregion of the tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome.

Gallery forest
A gallery forest is one formed as a corridor along rivers or wetlands, projecting into landscapes that are otherwise only sparsely treed such as savannas, grasslands, or deserts. The gallery forest maintains a more temperate microclimate above the river. Defined as long and narrow forest vegetation associated with rivers, gallery forests are structurally and floristically heterogeneous.

The habitats of these forests differ from the surrounding landscapes because they are, for example, more nutrient-rich or moister and/or there is less chance of fires. The forests are sometimes only a few meters wide, because they depend on the water they lie along.
Conan Gray
Conan Lee Gray (born December 5, 1998) is an American singer, songwriter  and former YouTuber. He was born in Lemon Grove, California, and raised in Georgetown, Texas, where he began uploading vlogs, covers, and original songs to YouTube as a teenager. In 2018, Gray signed a record deal with Republic Records, which released his debut EP, Sunset Season (2018).

Bolstered by the commercially successful songs "Maniac" and "Heather", his studio album Kid Krow (2020) debuted at No. 5 on the U.S. Billboard 200, making it the biggest U.S. artist debut of the year. His second studio album, Superache (2022), debuted in the top 10 in the U.S., the United Kingdom, Australia, Ireland, and the Netherlands. His third studio album Found Heaven was released in 2024 and debuted at No. 14 on the U.S.  Billboard 200. His fourth studio album, Wishbone, was released on August 15, 2025 and became his first project to enter the top three of the Billboard 200 chart, debuting at No. 3.

List of Conan Gray live performances
Since the beginning of his career in 2017, Conan Gray has embarked on five concert tours and appeared as a support act on one tour. He has performed at sixteen music festivals, eleven one-off concerts, and one award show, reaching thirty countries across five continents. In 2026, he is currently touring the Wishbone World Tour in support of his album Wishbone.

Gray began touring the Sunset Shows in 2018 to support his debut extended play Sunset Season (2018). After the conclusion of the tour, Gray announced the Comfort Crowd Tour, which occurred later that year.

In 2020, Gray would've toured Europe and North America with the Kid Krow Tour, but the entire tour was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2022, Gray embarked on the Conan Gray World Tour 2022 and the Superache Tour. The latter lasted until 2023, taking him to Asia, Oceania and South America for the first time.

In 2024, Gray embarked on his fifth tour, Found Heaven On Tour, to support his album Found Heaven.
Imidazole
Imidazole (ImH) is an organic compound with the formula (CH)2NHCHN. It is a white or colourless solid that is soluble in water, producing a mildly alkaline solution. It can be classified as a heterocycle, specifically as a diazole.

Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. This ring system is present in important biological building blocks, such as histidine and the related hormone histamine. Many drugs contain an imidazole ring, such as certain antifungal drugs, the nitroimidazole series of antibiotics, and the sedative midazolam.

When fused to a pyrimidine ring, it forms a purine, which is the most widely occurring nitrogen-containing heterocycle in nature.

The name "imidazole" was coined in 1887 by the German chemist Arthur Rudolf Hantzsch (1857–1935).

Pyrazole
Pyrazole is an organic compound with the formula (CH)3N2H. It is a heterocycle characterized as an azole with a 5-membered ring of three carbon atoms and two adjacent nitrogen atoms, which are in ortho-substitution. Pyrazoles are also a class of compounds that have the ring C3N2 with adjacent nitrogen atoms. Pyrazole itself has few applications but many substituted pyrazoles are of commercial interest.  Notable drugs containing a pyrazole ring are celecoxib (celebrex) and the anabolic steroid stanozolol.
Text editor
A text editor is interactive software that allows a user to edit plain text, such as Notepad.

As with any software, a text editor can be installed onto a  system, but often a relatively simple text editor is included in a default installation of an operating system (OS) since editing text files is a relatively basic need for any system and since a simple text editor can be provided at relatively low cost.

As source code is text, any text editor can be used to edit code, but a source-code editor is designed with features specifically intended for editing code. Some provide integration with software development tools and provide a debugging environment.

WYSIWYG
In computing, WYSIWYG (/ˈwɪziwɪɡ/ WIZ-ee-wig; what you see is what you get) is software that allows content to be edited in a form that resembles its appearance when printed or displayed as a finished product, such as a printed document, web page, or slide presentation. WYSIWYG implies a user interface that allows the user to view something very similar to the result while the document is being created. In general, WYSIWYG implies the ability to directly manipulate the layout of a document without having to type or remember names of layout commands.
United States Secretary of the Navy
The secretary of the Navy (SECNAV) is a statutory officer (10 U.S.C. § 8013) and the head (chief executive officer) of the Department of the Navy, a military department within the United States Department of Defense. On March 25, 2025, John Phelan was confirmed as Secretary of the Navy.

By law, the secretary of the Navy must be a civilian at least seven years removed from active military service (10 U.S.C. § 8013). The secretary is appointed by the president and requires confirmation by the Senate.

Adolph E. Borie
Adolph Edward Borie (November 25, 1809 – February 5, 1880) was an American merchant and politician who briefly served as Secretary of the Navy in the Ulysses S. Grant administration in 1869.

A native of Philadelphia, Borie was born into the successful mercantile trade business of his father. When the Civil War broke out, Borie became a close associate to General Ulysses S. Grant. Early in Grant's presidential administration, Borie served as Navy Secretary for a few months before stepping down, citing frail health. As Navy Secretary, Borie controversially renamed many naval ships, enforced full pay for an eight-hour work day, and desegregated the Washington Navy Yard, allowing African Americans to freely work alongside whites. He accompanied Grant on his 1877-79 world tour.

Borie died on February 5, 1880, and is buried at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia. Two U.S. warships have been named USS Borie.
Richard Prince
Richard Prince (born August 6, 1949) is an American conceptual artist and pop artist who rose to prominence in the 1980s in the East Village, Manhattan. He is best known for depicting models, living room furniture, watches, pens, and jewellery using rephotography and appropriation to reflect American pop culture. Prince has been the subject of major survey exhibitions, including the Whitney Museum of American Art, New York (1992); San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (1993); Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, Rotterdam (1993); Museum für Gegenwartskunst, Basel (2001, traveled to Kunsthalle Zürich and Kunstmuseum Wolfsburg); Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum (2007, traveled to the Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, 2008); and Serpentine Gallery, London (2008). Prince is regarded as "one of the most revered artists of his generation" according to The New York Times alongside Sherrie Levine, Louise Lawler, Vikky Alexander, Cindy Sherman, Barbara Kruger and Mike Bidlo.

Sherrie Levine
Sherrie Levine (born 1947) is an American photographer, painter, and conceptual artist. Some of her work consists of exact photographic reproductions of the work of other photographers such as Walker Evans, Eliot Porter and Edward Weston.
Joe Mangel
Joe Mangel  is a fictional character from the Australian Network Ten soap opera Neighbours, played by Mark Little. He debuted on-screen in the episode airing on 8 August 1988. Joe left in 1991 when Little departed the serial. In 2005 Little agreed to reprise the role as part of Neighbours' twentieth anniversary celebrations and remained for four months. Joe's storylines included his bad relationship with his mother, being widowed, life as a single parent and a custody battle to keep his child. Joe is deemed a stereotype Australian man and a likable rogue character. Little returned to Neighbours in 2022 to celebrate the show's final episode.

Toby Mangel
Toby Mangel is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Neighbours, played by Ben Geurens. He made his first on-screen appearance on 10 November 1988. Toby was originally played by Finn Greentree-Keane from 1988 until 1990. He departed on 3 February 1993.
Bạc Liêu
Bạc Liêu (Vietnamese: [ɓàːk liəw] ⓘ) is a former provincial city and capital of the former Bạc Liêu Province in the Mekong Delta region in southern Vietnam. It is a medium-sized town with a population of 156,110 in 2019. The former name of the city is Vĩnh Lợi.

Cà Mau
Cà Mau (listenⓘ) is a former city in southern Vietnam. It is the capital of Cà Mau province, a province in the Mekong Delta region, in the southernmost part of Vietnam's inland territory (mainland). The city is characterised by its system of transport canals, and most goods are transported there by boats and barges.

The population is approximately 226,372 as of 2019. Cà Mau is accessible by road (360 km south-west of Ho Chi Minh City) via National Route 1 or by air (Cà Mau Airport). The city is administratively subdivided into eight urban phường (ward) and seven rural xã (commune).
Frankenweenie (1984 film)
Frankenweenie is a 1984 American science fiction comedy horror featurette directed by Tim Burton and written by him and Leonard Ripps. It is both a parody of, and homage to, the 1931 film Frankenstein based on Mary Shelley's 1818 novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. Burton later directed a feature-length stop-motion animated remake, released in 2012.

Vincent (1982 film)
Vincent is a 1982 American gothic stop-motion animated short film written, designed and directed by Tim Burton, and produced by Rick Heinrichs.

The film is narrated by actor Vincent Price, a lifelong idol of and inspiration for Burton. From this relationship, Price would go on to appear in Burton's Edward Scissorhands. Vincent Price later said that Vincent was "the most gratifying thing that ever happened. It was immortality — better than a star on Hollywood Boulevard."

There is currently no individual release of the film except for a few bootleg releases. It can be found on the 2008 Special Edition and Collector's Edition DVDs of The Nightmare Before Christmas as a bonus feature and on the Cinema16 DVD American Short Films.
26th Punjabis
The 26th Punjabis was an infantry Regiment of the British Indian Army. It was raised on 15 June 1857 at Peshawar, as the 18th Regiment of Punjab Infantry. It was designated as the 26th Punjabis in 1903 and became 2nd Battalion of 15th Punjab Regiment Group  in 1922. In 1947, it was allocated to the Pakistan Army, where it continues to exist as 10th Battalion The Punjab Regiment.

27th Punjabis
The 27th Punjabis were an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army. It was raised in 1857, as the 19th Regiment of Punjab Infantry. It was designated as the 27th Punjabis in 1903 and became 3rd Battalion 15th Punjab Regiment in 1922. In 1947, it was allocated to the Pakistan Army, where it continues to exist as 11th Battalion The Punjab Regiment.
Bruce Gradkowski
Bruce Raymond Gradkowski (born January 27, 1983) is an American former professional football quarterback and coach who currently serves as an offensive assistant for the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL). He previously served as the offensive coordinator for the St. Louis BattleHawks of the United Football League (UFL). He played college football for the Toledo Rockets. He was selected by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the sixth round of the 2006 NFL draft. Gradkowski was also a member of the St. Louis Rams, Cleveland Browns, Oakland Raiders, Cincinnati Bengals, and Pittsburgh Steelers. His younger brother, Gino, is a former NFL center.

JaMarcus Russell
JaMarcus Trenell Russell (born August 9, 1985) is an American former professional football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for three seasons with the Oakland Raiders. He played college football for the LSU Tigers, winning the Manning Award as a junior en route to becoming the most valuable player of the 2007 Sugar Bowl.

Russell was selected first overall by the Raiders in the 2007 NFL draft, but his tenure was marked by inconsistent play and questions over his work ethic. He was released from Oakland in 2010 and, despite attempts at an NFL return, was unable to sign with another team. Due to not meeting the expectations of being the first pick and the short length of his career, he is considered one of the NFL's biggest draft busts.
Passerine
A passerine (/ˈpæsəraɪn/) is any bird of the order Passeriformes (/ˈpæsərɪfɔːrmiːz/; from Latin passer 'sparrow' and formis '-shaped') which includes more than half of all bird species. Sometimes known as perching birds, passerines generally have an anisodactyl arrangement of their toes (three pointing forward and one back), which facilitates perching.

With more than 140 families and some 6,500 identified species, Passeriformes is the largest order of birds and one of the most diverse clades of terrestrial vertebrates, representing 60% of birds. Passerines are divided into three suborders: New Zealand wrens; Suboscines, primarily found in North and South America; and songbirds. Passerines originated in the Southern Hemisphere around 60 million years ago.

Most passerines are insectivorous or omnivorous, and eat both insects and fruit or seeds.

Old World oriole
The Old World orioles (Oriolidae) are an Old World family of passerine birds. The family contains 41 species which are divided in 4 genera. The family includes two extinct species from New Zealand that are placed in the genus Turnagra.
General aviation
General aviation (GA) is defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) as all civil aviation aircraft operations except for commercial air transport or aerial work, which is defined as specialized aviation services for other purposes. However, for statistical purposes, ICAO uses a definition of general aviation which includes aerial work.

General aviation includes "private transport" and recreational components of aviation, most of which is accomplished with light aircraft.

Aerospace manufacturer
An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing, building, testing, selling, and maintaining aircraft, aircraft parts, missiles, rockets, or spacecraft. Aerospace is a high technology industry.

The aircraft industry is the industry supporting aviation by building aircraft and manufacturing aircraft parts for their maintenance.  This includes aircraft and parts used for civil aviation and military aviation. Most production is done pursuant to type certificates and Defense Standards issued by a government body. This term has been largely subsumed by the more encompassing term: "aerospace industry".
Jungle music
Jungle is a genre of electronic music that developed in the 1990s out of the UK rave scene and Jamaican sound system culture. Emerging from breakbeat hardcore, the style is characterised by rapid breakbeats, heavily syncopated percussive loops, samples and synthesised effects, combined with the deep basslines, melodies and vocal samples found in dub, reggae and dancehall, as well as hip-hop and funk. Many producers frequently sampled the "Amen break" or other breakbeats from funk and jazz recordings. Jungle was a direct precursor to the drum and bass genre which emerged in the mid-1990s.

Broken beat
Broken beat (sometimes referred to as "bruk") is an electronic dance music genre that emerged in the late 1990s and is characterized by syncopated beats and frenetic, choppy rhythms, often alongside female vocals and elements inspired by 1970s jazz-funk. It has been heavily influenced by styles such as house, drum and bass, hip hop, techno, acid jazz, and R&B. The eclectic style generally avoided rigid four-on-the-floor rhythms and could make use of samplers, analogue synths, and live instrumentation.