hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Licentiate
A licentiate (abbreviated Lic.) is an academic degree awarded in many countries, by a variety of types of educational (usually tertiary) institutions, after a variety of courses of study.  It can represent completion of study at different educational levels, in Europe it is commonly for postgraduate studies program.

The ecclesiastical licentiate is also a postgraduate degree preparatory to a ecclesiastical doctoral degree when issued by pontifical universities and certain other universities in Europe. The ecclesiastical licentiate in the civil system is considered similar to the coursework and exams of a Doctor of Philosophy program.

The term is also used for a person who holds this degree.

Master of Arts
The Master of Arts (Latin: Magister Artium or Artium Magister; abbreviated MA or AM) is a master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The degree is usually contrasted with that of Master of Science. Those admitted to the degree have typically studied subjects within the scope of the humanities and social sciences, such as history, economics, literature, languages, linguistics, public administration, political science, communication studies, law or diplomacy; however, different universities have different conventions and may also offer the degree for fields typically considered within the natural sciences and mathematics. The degree can be conferred in respect of completing courses and passing examinations, research, or a combination of the two.

The degree of Master of Arts traces its origins to the teaching license or Licentia docendi of the University of Paris, designed to produce "masters" who were graduate teachers of their subjects.
Shale
Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock formed from mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g., kaolin, Al2Si2O5(OH)4) and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite.  Shale is characterized by its tendency to split into thin layers (laminae) less than one centimeter in thickness. This property is called fissility. Shale is the most common sedimentary rock.

The term shale is sometimes applied more broadly, as essentially a synonym for mudrock, rather than in the narrower sense of clay-rich fissile mudrock.

Badlands
Badlands are a type of dry terrain where softer sedimentary rocks and clay-rich soils have been extensively eroded. They are characterized by steep slopes, minimal vegetation, lack of a substantial regolith, and high drainage density. Ravines, gullies, buttes, hoodoos and other such geologic forms are common in badlands.

Badlands are found on every continent except Antarctica, being most common where there are unconsolidated sediments. They are often difficult to navigate by foot, and are unsuitable for agriculture. Most are a result of natural processes, but destruction of vegetation by overgrazing or pollution can produce anthropogenic badlands.
Uherské Hradiště
Uherské Hradiště (Czech pronunciation: [ˈuɦɛrskɛː ˈɦraɟɪʃcɛ]; German: Ungarisch Hradisch) is a town in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 25,000 inhabitants. The agglomeration with the two neighbouring towns of Staré Město and Kunovice has over 37,000 inhabitants.

The town is the centre of the cultural region of Moravian Slovakia. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

Břeclav
Břeclav (Czech pronunciation: [ˈbr̝ɛtslaf]; German: Lundenburg) is a town in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 25,000 inhabitants. Located at the Czech-Austrian state border and near the Czech–Slovak state border, it is an important railway hub.
Woody Herman
Woodrow Charles Herman (May 16, 1913 – October 29, 1987) was an American jazz clarinetist, saxophonist, singer, and big band leader. Leading groups called "The Herd", Herman came to prominence in the late 1930s and was active until his death in 1987. His bands often played music that was cutting edge and experimental; their recordings received numerous Grammy nominations with three wins plus a lifetime achievement award for Herman.

Cal Tjader
Callen Radcliffe Tjader Jr. (/ˈdʒeɪdər/ JAY-dər; July 16, 1925 – May 5, 1982) was an American Latin Jazz musician, often described as the most successful non-Latino Latin musician. He explored other jazz idioms, especially small group modern jazz, even as he continued to perform the music of Africa, the Caribbean, and Latin America.

Although his main instrument was the vibraphone, Tjader was also accomplished on the drums, bongos, congas, timbales, and the piano. He worked with many musicians from several cultures. He is often linked to the development of Latin rock and acid jazz. Although the fusion of Jazz with Latin music is often pigeonholed as "Latin Jazz", Tjader's works swung freely between both styles. His Grammy award in 1980 for his album La Onda Va Bien capped off a career that spanned over 40 years.
Corregimientos of Panama
In Panama, a corregimiento is a subdivision of a district, which in turn is a subdivision of a province. It is the smallest administrative division level in the country; which is further subdivided into populated places/centres. As of 2012, Panama is subdivided into a total of 693 corregimientos, since several of these were created in the province of Bocas del Toro and the indigenous region (comarca indígena) of Ngäbe-Buglé.

Las Tablas District
Las Tablas District is a district (distrito) of Los Santos Province in Panama. The population according to the 2000 census was 24,298. The district covers a total area of 698 square kilometres (269 sq mi). The capital lies at the city of Las Tablas.
Autodesk 3ds Max
Autodesk 3ds Max, formerly 3D Studio and 3D Studio Max, is a professional 3D computer graphics program for making 3D animations, models, games and images. It is developed and produced by Autodesk Media and Entertainment. It has modeling capabilities and a flexible plugin architecture and must be used on the Microsoft Windows platform. It is frequently used by video game developers, many TV commercial studios, and architectural visualization studios. It is also used for movie effects and movie pre-visualization. 3ds Max features shaders (such as ambient occlusion and subsurface scattering), dynamic simulation, particle systems, radiosity, normal map creation and rendering, global illumination, a customizable user interface, and its own scripting language.

SketchUp
SketchUp is a proprietary 3D modeling software for creating and manipulating 3D models, aimed at architecture, interior design, set design, product design, and manufacturing.

SketchUp was founded by @Last Software in 2000, before the company was acquired by Google in 2006. Google subsequently sold Sketchup to Trimble Inc. in 2012. The software has a free web-based version and three paid subscriptions to gain access to applications for Windows and macOS.
Nathan Aspinall
Nathan Paul Aspinall (born 15 July 1991) is an English professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events, where he is ranked world number fourteen; he reached a peak ranking of world number four in 2024. Nicknamed "the Asp", he has won two PDC major televised titles: the UK Open in 2019 and the World Matchplay in 2023. Aspinall has won a total of 11 PDC titles in his professional career, including three European Tour titles on the 2025 PDC Pro Tour. He won his first World Series of Darts title at the 2019 US Darts Masters.

In the PDC World Darts Championship, Aspinall is a two-time semi-finalist with back-to-back semi-final appearances in 2019 and 2020.

Wessel Nijman
Wessel Nijman (born 26 June 2000) is a Dutch professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events, where he is ranked world number twenty-three. He has won four PDC ranking titles in Players Championship events.

Following a match-fixing scandal in 2020 that saw him banned from the sport for two-and-a-half years, Nijman returned to competitive darts in 2023. He finished third on the 2023 PDC Development Tour ranking, which led to him making his PDC World Championship debut at the 2024 edition, as well as earning a PDC Tour Card. Nijman made two European Tour semi-finals in 2025.

In his youth career, Nijman found success in the PDC's youth system, winning twelve PDC Development Tours, topping the 2024 Development Tour rankings, and reaching the semi-finals at the 2023 PDC World Youth Championship.
Halloween (wrestler)
Manuel Ortiz Partida (born May 22, 1971) is a Mexican retired professional wrestler, better known by the ring name Halloween. He is also known for his appearances with World Championship Wrestling as Ciclope from 1996 to 1999.

La Sociedad
La Sociedad (later reformed as La Nueva Sociedad in 2013; Spanish for "The (New) Society") was a Mexican lucha libre, or professional wrestling stable, that worked for Lucha Libre AAA World Wide (AAA). The group was originally formed in the summer of 2010 with the merger of La Legión Extranjera, Los Perros del Mal, La Milicia and Los Maniacos.
Chamber of Deputies of Chile
33°02′52″S 71°36′21″W﻿ / ﻿33.04778°S 71.60583°W﻿ / -33.04778; -71.60583

The Chamber of Deputies (Spanish: Cámara de Diputadas y Diputados) is the lower house of Chile's bicameral Congress. Its organisation and its powers and duties are defined in articles 42 to 59 of Chile's current constitution.

La Unión, Chile
La Unión is a city and commune of the Ranco Province in the Los Ríos Region in Chile. It is situated approximately 40 km north of Osorno and 80 km southeast of Valdivia. Covering an area of 2,136.7 km2, it has a population of 36,447, of which 25,615 are considered part of the urban population, according to the 2012 census. The commune derived its name from the confluence of the Llollelhue and Radimadi rivers.

La Unión was founded in 1821 during the government of Bernardo O'Higgins, to secure sovereignty over the Central Valley south of Valdivia. It is a major centre for milk production; COLUN is the main milk and dairy product producer in the zone. The commune is covered in forest to the west of the city and the east is dominated by agricultural landscapes spanning Los Llanos. Alerce Costero National Park lies in the western mountains.

The city served until 2001 as a dormitory town for the coal mines of Catamutún.
Hit (baseball)
In baseball statistics, a hit (denoted by H), also called a base hit, is credited to a batter when the batter safely reaches or passes first base after hitting the ball into fair territory with neither the benefit of an error nor a fielder's choice.

Intentional base on balls
In baseball, an intentional base on balls, usually referred to as an intentional walk and denoted in baseball scorekeeping by IBB, is a walk issued to a batter by a pitcher with the intent of removing the batter's opportunity to swing at the pitched ball. A pitch that is intentionally thrown far outside the strike zone for this purpose is referred to as an intentional ball.

Beginning with the 2017 season, Major League Baseball has removed the requirement to throw four intentional balls. In MLB and in amateur baseball, such as high school and college games, and in most levels of Little League Baseball, the manager of the team on the field now simply asks the plate umpire to let the batter go to first base.  However, beginning in 2023, Little League restricted the procedure to once per game to a single batter.  If a batter is to be intentionally walked a second time, four intentional balls must be thrown.
1st Baltic Front
The First Baltic Front (Russian: Пéрвый Прибалтийский фронт) was a major formation of the Red Army during the Second World War. It was commanded by Army General Andrey Yeryomenko, succeeded by Army General Bagramyan. It was formed by renaming the Kalinin Front on 12 October 1943, and took part in several important military operations, most notably Bagration in the summer of 1944. The 1st Baltic Front also assisted in lifting the siege of Leningrad on 27 January 1944, as well as in Operation Samland, at that time known as the Samland Group, captured Königsberg in April 1945.

51st Army (Russia)
The 51st Army (Russian: 51-я армия) was a field army of the Red Army that saw action against the Germans in World War II on both the southern and northern sectors of the front. The army participated in the Battle of the Kerch Peninsula between December 1941 and January 1942; it was destroyed in May 1942 with other Soviet forces when the Wehrmacht launched an operation to dislodge them from the peninsula. The army fought in the Battle of Stalingrad during the winter of 1942–43, helping to defeat German relief attempts. From late 1944 to the end of the war, the army fought in the final cutting-off of German forces in the Courland area next to the Baltic. Deactivated in 1945, the army was activated again in 1977 to secure Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the army continued in existence as a component of the Russian Ground Forces.  The army was active during two periods from 1941 until 1997.
Monster movie
A monster movie, monster film, or creature feature is a film that focuses on one or more characters struggling to survive attacks by one or more antagonistic monsters. Such may be man-sized, like the Creature from the Black Lagoon, or abnormally large ones, like King Kong or Godzilla. The film may also fall under the horror, comedy, fantasy, or science fiction genres. Monster movies originated with adaptations of horror folklore and literature.

Monsterverse
The Monsterverse is an American multimedia franchise and shared universe featuring Godzilla and King Kong, as well as characters by Toho Co., Ltd and original characters. The franchise consists of five films and two television series produced by Legendary, with Warner Bros. Pictures distributing the films and the TV series being released for streaming on Netflix and Apple TV+.

The franchise has received a generally positive critical reception and has grossed $2.525 billion worldwide at the box office.
2006–07 UEFA Champions League
The 2006–07 UEFA Champions League was the 15th season of UEFA's premier European club football tournament, the UEFA Champions League, since it was rebranded from the European Cup, and the 52nd season overall. The final was contested by Milan and Liverpool on 23 May 2007. Beforehand, the match was billed as a repeat of the 2005 final, the only difference being that the 2007 final was to be played at the Olympic Stadium in Athens, Greece. Milan won the match 2–1 to claim their seventh European Cup, with both goals coming from Filippo Inzaghi. Dirk Kuyt scored for Liverpool.

Barcelona were the defending champions, but were eliminated by Liverpool in the first knockout round.

2006–07 UEFA Champions League group stage
The 2006–07 UEFA Champions League group stage matches took place between 12 September and 6 December 2006.

All of the Pot 1 and Pot 2 draw seeds advanced, the first time this had occurred since a format of 32 teams and 16 progressing was introduced in 1999–2000.
Duke of Lennox
The title Duke of Lennox has been created several times in the peerage of Scotland, for Clan Stewart of Darnley. The dukedom, named for the district of Lennox in Dumbarton, was first created in 1581, and had formerly been the Earldom of Lennox. The second duke was made Duke of Richmond; at his death, the dukedom of Richmond became extinct. The fourth duke was also created Duke of Richmond; at the death of the sixth duke, both dukedoms became extinct. The Dukedom of Richmond and one month later that of Lennox were created in 1675 for Charles Lennox, an illegitimate son of Charles II. The Duke of Richmond and Lennox was created Duke of Gordon in 1876. Thus, the duke holds four dukedoms (if including Aubigny), more than any other person in the realm; or (not counting the putative French title) three, equal since 2022 to Prince William, Duke of Cornwall, of Rothesay and of Cambridge.

Esmé Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox
Esmé Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox (1579 – 30 July 1624), KG, 7th Seigneur d'Aubigny, lord of the Manor of Cobham, Kent, was a Scottish nobleman and through his paternal lines was a second cousin of King James VI of Scotland and I of England. He was a patron of the playwright Ben Jonson who lived in his household for five years.
McCoy Tyner
Alfred McCoy Tyner (December 11, 1938 – March 6, 2020) was an American jazz pianist and composer known for his work with the John Coltrane Quartet from 1960 to 1965 and his long solo career afterward. He was an NEA Jazz Master and a five-time Grammy Award winner. Tyner has been widely imitated and is one of the most recognizable and influential jazz pianists of all time.

Buster Williams
Charles Anthony "Buster" Williams (born April 17, 1942) is an American jazz bassist. Williams is known for his membership in pianist Herbie Hancock's early 1970s group, as well as working with guitarist Larry Coryell, the Thelonious Monk repertory band Sphere and as the accompanist of choice for many singers, including Nancy Wilson.
Jorma Kaukonen
Jorma Ludwik Kaukonen Jr. (/ˈjɔːrmə ˈkaʊkənɛn/; YOR-mə KOW-kə-nen; born December 23, 1940) is an American blues, folk, and rock guitarist. Kaukonen performed with Jefferson Airplane, and still performs regularly on tour with Hot Tuna, which started as a side project with bassist Jack Casady, and as of early 2024 has continued for 55 years. Rolling Stone magazine ranked him No. 54 on its list of "100 Greatest Guitarists". He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996 as a member of Jefferson Airplane.

Warren Haynes
Warren Haynes (born April 6, 1960) is an American musician, singer and songwriter. He is best known for his work as longtime guitarist with the Allman Brothers Band and as founding member of the jam band Gov't Mule. Early in his career he was a guitarist for David Allan Coe and The Dickey Betts Band. Haynes is also known for his associations with the surviving members of the Grateful Dead, including touring with Phil Lesh and Friends and the Dead. In addition, Haynes founded and manages Evil Teen Records.
Laurie Anderson
Laura Phillips "Laurie" Anderson (born June 5, 1947) is an American avant-garde artist, musician and filmmaker whose work encompasses performance art, pop music, and multimedia projects. Initially trained in violin and sculpting, Anderson pursued a variety of performance art projects in New York City during the 1970s, focusing particularly on language, technology, and visual imagery. She achieved unexpected commercial success when her song "O Superman" reached number two on the UK singles chart in 1981.

Anderson's debut studio album Big Science was released in 1982 and has since been followed by a number of studio and live albums. She starred in and directed the 1986 concert film Home of the Brave. Anderson's creative output has also included theatrical and documentary works, voice acting, art installations, and a CD-ROM. She is a pioneer in electronic music and has invented several musical devices that she has used in her recordings and performance art shows.

Marc Ribot
Marc Ribot (/ˈriːboʊ/;
born May 21, 1954) is an American guitarist and composer.

His work has touched on many styles, including no wave, free jazz, rock, and Cuban music. Ribot is also known for collaborating with other musicians, most notably Tom Waits, Elvis Costello, Vinicio Capossela and John Zorn.
Sergey Volkov (chess player)
Sergey Viktorovich Volkov (Russian: Серге́й Ви́кторович Во́лков; born 7 February 1974) is a Russian chess grandmaster. He was Russian champion in 2000. Volkov competed in the FIDE World Championship in 2000, 2002, and 2004, and in the FIDE World Cup in 2007.

Aleksej Aleksandrov
Aleksej Gennadyevich Aleksandrov (born 11 May 1973) is a Belarusian chess player. He was awarded the title Grandmaster by FIDE in 1997. Aleksandrov is a five-time Belarusian champion and played on the Belarusian national team at the Chess Olympiad, the World Team Chess Championship and the European Team Chess Championship. He competed in the FIDE World Championship in 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2004, and in the FIDE World Cup in 2017.
PEC Zwolle
Prins Hendrik Ende Desespereert Nimmer Combinatie Zwolle, commonly known as PEC Zwolle, is a Dutch professional football club based in Zwolle, Netherlands. They play in the Eredivisie, the top tier of Dutch football. They have played in the Eredivisie for a total of 22 seasons, reaching sixth place in 2015. They won the KNVB Cup in 2014 and also reached the final in 1928, 1977 and 2015.

This is the second incarnation of the club; its predecessor of the same name went bankrupt in 1990. The current club was founded immediately afterwards as FC Zwolle before renaming back to PEC Zwolle in 2012.

SC Telstar
Sportclub Telstar (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈspɔrtklʏp ˈtɛlstɑr]), commonly known simply as Telstar, is a Dutch professional football club based in Velsen-Zuid, North Holland. Nicknamed the Witte Leeuwen ("White Lions") for their all‑white home strip, the team competes in the Eredivisie, the highest tier of the Dutch football league system, having secured promotion via the 2024–25 play‑offs—their first top‑flight appearance since 1978.

Founded on 17 July 1963 through the merger of the professional sections of local rivals VSV and Stormvogels, the new club was named after the recently launched communications satellite Telstar 1. Telstar play their home matches at Sportpark Schoonenberg, branded the BUKO Stadion for sponsorship purposes, a compact all‑seater ground that has a capacity of 6,000. Since formation the team have taken to the field to the Tornados' instrumental "Telstar", a tradition that underlines their link with the satellite and remains a distinctive feature of match days.
Nacelle
A nacelle (/nəˈsɛl/ nə-SEL) is a streamlined container for aircraft parts such as engines, fuel or equipment. When attached entirely outside the airframe, it is sometimes called a pod, in which case it is attached with a pylon or strut and the engine is known as a podded engine. In some cases—for instance in the typical "Farman" type "pusher" aircraft, or the World War II-era P-38 Lightning or SAAB J21—an aircraft cockpit may also be housed in a nacelle, rather than in a conventional fuselage.

Aircraft fairing
An aircraft fairing is a structure whose primary function is to produce a smooth outline and reduce drag.

These structures are covers for gaps and spaces between parts of an aircraft to reduce form drag and interference drag, and to improve appearance.
Gunboat
A gunboat is a naval watercraft designed for the express purpose of carrying one or more guns to bombard coastal targets, as opposed to those military craft designed for naval warfare, or for ferrying troops or supplies.

Unadilla-class gunboat
The Unadilla class was a class of gunboat built for the Union Navy at the outbreak of the American Civil War. Ships of the class were also known as "90-day gunboats" due to their rapid construction. The class was designed to be fully oceangoing while having a light enough draft to be able to operate close inshore, for blockade duty or other operations in shallow waters.

Unadilla-class gunboats took part in many coastal and river operations, most notably as the bulk of the fleet which captured the vital Confederate port of New Orleans in April 1862. As blockade ships, the 23 vessels of the class captured or destroyed no fewer than 146 enemy blockade runners during the war— about 10 percent of the total number of Confederate blockade runners so neutralized.

The Unadilla class was sold off quickly by the Navy at the end of the war, most of them going into merchant service. Little is known about their subsequent careers.