hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rensselaer County, New York
Rensselaer County /rɛnsəˈlɪər/ ren-sə-LEER is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 161,130, it's highest decennial count ever. Its county seat is Troy. The county is named in honor of the family of Kiliaen van Rensselaer, the original Dutch owner of the land in the area. The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.

Rensselaer County is part of the Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Jefferson County, New York
Jefferson County is a county on the northern border of the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 116,721. Its county seat is Watertown. The county is named after Thomas Jefferson, third President of the United States of America. It is adjacent to Lake Ontario, southeast from the Canada–US border of Ontario. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.

Jefferson County comprises the Watertown-Fort Drum, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area.  The popularity of the area as a summer tourist destination results in a dramatic increase of population during that season.

In 2014, it elected Colleen M. O'Neill as the first woman county sheriff in the state. She had served with the New York State Police for 32 years.

The United States Army's 10th Mountain Division is based at Fort Drum. The base had a total population of nearly 13,000 according to the 2010 census.
Carolina Kostner
Carolina Kostner (born 8 February 1987) is an Italian figure skating coach and former competitive skater. She is the 2014 Olympic bronze medalist, the 2012 World champion, a five-time European champion (2007, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2013), and the 2011 Grand Prix Final champion. She is also a medalist at five other World Championships (2005, 2008, 2011, 2013, 2014), six other European Championships (2006, 2009, 2011, 2014, 2017, 2018), and three other Grand Prix Finals (2007, 2008, 2010), the 2003 World Junior bronze medalist, and a nine-time Italian national champion. Kostner has won 11 medals at the European championships, most recently in 2018, and is the most decorated singles skater in the history of that competition.

Massimo Scali
Massimo Scali (born 11 December 1979) is an Italian former competitive ice dancer. With partner Federica Faiella, he is the 2010 World bronze medalist, a two-time (2009–2010) European silver medalist, and a six-time (2003–2005, 2007–2009) Italian national champion. They also won eleven Grand Prix medals together.
Newshub
Newshub (stylised as Newshub.) is a New Zealand news service that operated from 1989 to 2024 and served as the local news division of Warner Bros. Discovery New Zealand until its closure. The division, known as 3 News until 2016, had produced news bulletins and current affairs programming for the television channel Three from its inception. It also operated a news website and on radio stations run by MediaWorks between 2016 and 2021.

The Newshub brand was launched in February 2016 as part of the division's transition to digital journalism. MediaWorks sold Three and Newshub to US multimedia company Discovery, Inc., with the acquisition completed in December 2020.

On 28 February 2024, it was announced that Newshub would shut down on 5 July 2024. On 10 April 2024, the closure was confirmed by Warner Bros. Discovery, with Newshub winding down on 5 July 2024. Media company Stuff was commissioned to produce a new nightly bulletin, named ThreeNews.

The Project (New Zealand TV programme)
The Project is a New Zealand current affairs show hosted by Jesse Mulligan, Kanoa Lloyd, and Jeremy Corbett with rotating guest panelists. It aired at 7 pm weeknights on Three.

The programme was officially cancelled on 26 October 2023, and its last episode aired on 1 December 2023.
Angus, Scotland
Angus (Scots: Angus; Scottish Gaelic: Aonghas) is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland, and a lieutenancy area. The council area borders Aberdeenshire, Dundee City and Perth and Kinross. Main industries include agriculture and fishing. Global pharmaceuticals company GSK has a significant presence in Montrose in the east of the county.

Angus was historically a province, and later a sheriffdom and county (called Forfarshire or the County of Forfar until 1928), bordering Kincardineshire to the north-east, Aberdeenshire to the north and Perthshire to the west; southwards it faced Fife across the Firth of Tay. The county included Dundee until 1894, when it was made a county of a city. The pre-1894 boundaries of Angus continue to be used as a registration county. Between 1975 and 1996 Angus was a lower-tier district within the Tayside region. The district took on its modern form and powers in 1996, since when the local authority has been Angus Council.

Aberdeen Central (Scottish Parliament constituency)
Aberdeen Central (Gaelic: Obar Dheathain Meadhain) is a burgh constituency of the Scottish Parliament covering part of the Aberdeen City council area. Under the additional-member electoral system used for elections to the Scottish Parliament, it elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the first past the post method of election. It is also one of the ten constituencies in the North East Scotland electoral region, which elects seven additional member system, in addition to ten constituency MSPs, to produce a form of proportional representation for the region as a whole.

The seat has been held by Kevin Stewart of the Scottish National Party since the 2011 Scottish Parliament election.
Achaea
Achaea (/əˈkiːə/) or Achaia (/əˈkaɪə/), sometimes transliterated from Greek as Akhaia (Αχαΐα, Akhaḯa, Greek: [axaˈia]), is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Western Greece and is situated in the northwestern part of the Peloponnese peninsula. The capital is Patras which is the third largest city in Greece.

Akrata
Akrata, (Greek: Ακράτα) is a town and a former municipality in Achaea, West Greece, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Aigialeia, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 180.169 km2. Akrata is located on the right bank of the river Krathis, 3 km from its outflow into the Gulf of Corinth. The Greek National Road 8A/E65 (Patras - Corinth) and the railway from Patras to Corinth pass through the municipal unit, northeast of the town. The nearest town is Aigeira, 4 km to the east. It is 23 km southeast of Aigio, 52 km east of Patras and 23 km northeast of Kalavryta.
Tatar language
Tatar (/ˈtɑːtər/ TAH-tər; Tatar: татар теле, romanized: tatar tele or татарча, romanized: tatarça) is a Turkic language spoken by the Tatars mainly located in modern Republic of Tatarstan, wider Volga-Ural region, as well as many other regions of Russia. Tatar belongs to the Kipchak branch of Turkic languages, the same branch as Bashkort, Kazakh, Nogai and Kyrgyz.

The two main dialects of Tatar are the Central Dialect (urta / qazan; most common), and the Western Dialect (könbatış / mişər). The literary Tatar language is based on the Central Dialect and on a local variant of Türki. Tatar should not be confused with Crimean Tatar or Siberian Tatar, which are different languages, although also part of the Kipchak language group.

Like other Turkic languages, Tatar was traditionally written in the Arabic script for most of its history. Since 1939, the alphabet has been Cyrillic, though a number of Latin-based versions have also been used over the years.

Mamadyshsky District
Mamadyshsky District (Russian: Мамады́шский райо́н; Tatar: Мамадыш районы) is a territorial administrative unit and municipality of the Republic of Tatarstan within the Russian Federation. The district is located in the north of the republic and encompasses an area of 2,600 square kilometers (1,000 sq mi). According to the 2010 census, the municipality had a population of 45,005. The administrative center of the district is the town of Mamadysh, which accounts for 32.1% of the district's total population.

In the 12th century the settlement of Ak Kirmen stood within the boundaries of the current district. In 1930, the modern borders of the Mamadyshsky district were established. The industrial park “Vyatka” and two industrial sites “Selkhoztekhnika” and “Selkhozkhimiya” operate in the region.
USS New Orleans (CA-32)
USS New Orleans (CL/CA-32) was the lead New Orleans-class cruiser in service with the United States Navy. The New Orleans-class cruisers were the last U.S. cruisers built to the specifications and standards of the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922.  Such ships, with a limit of 10,000 long tons (10,160 t) standard displacement and 8-inch (203 mm) caliber main guns may be referred to as "treaty cruisers." While she was originally classified a light cruiser because of her thin armor, soon after being laid down she was reclassified as a heavy cruiser because of her 8-inch guns. The term "heavy cruiser" was not defined until the London Naval Treaty in 1930.

USS Honolulu (CL-48)
USS Honolulu (CL-48) of the United States Navy was a Brooklyn-class light cruiser active in the Pacific War (World War II). Honolulu was launched in 1937 and commissioned in 1938. She was the only cruiser to survive the Battle of Tassafaronga undamaged. Honolulu later served in the Battle of Kula Gulf, where she wrecked the destroyer Nagatsuki and helped to sink the destroyer Niizuki, and the Battle of Kolombangara where she helped to sink the light cruiser Jintsū but was crippled by a torpedo which blew off her bow. She then bombarded shores during the Battle of Peleliu. She was taken out of action by serious torpedo damage just before the Battle of Leyte Gulf. She was repaired, but not in time to rejoin the war. She was decommissioned in 1947 and was held in reserve until she was scrapped in 1959.
East Prussia
East Prussia (German: Ostpreußen [ˈɔstˌpʁɔɪ̯sn̩] ⓘ) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1772 to 1829 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 1871); following World War I it formed part of the Weimar Republic's Free State of Prussia, until 1945. Its capital city was Königsberg (present-day Kaliningrad). East Prussia was the main part of the region of Prussia along the southeastern Baltic Coast.

Prussian Eastern Railway
The Prussian Eastern Railway (German: Preußische Ostbahn) was a railway in the Kingdom of Prussia and later Germany until 1918. Its main route, approximately 740 kilometers (460 mi) long, connected the capital, Berlin, with the cities of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland) and Königsberg (now Kaliningrad, Russia). At Eydtkuhnen (now Chernyshevskoye, Russia) it reached the German Empire's border with the Russian Empire. The first part of the line opened in 1851, reaching Eydtkuhnen in 1860. By March 1880 the total route length reached 2,210 kilometers (1,370 mi), with a main parallel route in the south via Bromberg (now Bydgoszcz, Poland) and Thorn (now Toruń, Poland) to Insterburg (now Chernyakhovsk, Russia). The lines were the first part of the later Prussian State Railways (German: Preußische Staatseisenbahnen).
Lewis Jones (rugby, born 1931)
Benjamin Lewis Jones (11 April 1931 – 4 March 2024) was a Welsh rugby union and rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s and 1960s. A dual-code rugby international, he won ten caps for Wales and three for the British Lions in rugby union, and two for Wales and 15 for Great Britain in rugby league.

In rugby union, he played as a full-back, centre and wing for Llanelli and Neath before turning professional and playing rugby league for Leeds, Wentworthville and Dewsbury RLFC, as well as Other Nationalities. Rugby league historian Robert Gate has described Lewis Jones as "arguably the most devastating attacking back Wales has ever produced."

Alan Hardisty
Alan Hardisty (born 12 July 1941), also known by the nickname of "Chuck", is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, and coached in the 1970s and 1980s. He played at representative level for Great Britain and Yorkshire, and at club level for Castleford (captain) and Leeds (captain) as a stand-off, and coached at club level for Castleford and York.
Banksia dryandroides
Banksia dryandroides, the dryandra-leaved banksia, is a species of small shrub in the plant genus Banksia. The Noongar peoples know the tree as manyat. It occurs in shrubland, woodland and kwongan on the south coast of Western Australia between Narrikup and Beaufort Inlet.  The species is placed alone in series B. ser. Dryandroideae.

Banksia lindleyana
Banksia lindleyana, commonly known as the porcupine banksia, is a species of woody shrub in the genus Banksia of the family Proteaceae. It generally grows as a small shrub to 1 m (3 ft) high with long narrow serrated leaves, and bright yellow oval or round inflorescences. Flowering occurs in late summer, after which time the flower spikes age and turn to brown and then grey, and develop up to 70 follicles. It occurs in the vicinity of Kalbarri, Western Australia. Found on sandy soils, the plant serves as a pollinator for a variety of bird and animal species.
United Montenegro
United Montenegro (Serbian: Уједињена Црна Гора / Ujedinjena Crna Gora, UCG) is a conservative political party in Montenegro. Party founder and de facto political leader is Goran Danilović, former Minister of Interior Affairs in Government of Montenegro.

True Montenegro
The True Montenegro (Serbian: Права Црна Гора / Prava Crna Gora; abbr. Права / Prava or ПЦГ / PCG) was a right-wing populist political party in Montenegro, formed in January 2018 from the political movement Resistance to Hopelessness (OB), prior to the March 2018 presidential election. It was founded by Marko Milačić, former journalist and political activist.
Republicans (Brazil)
The Republicans (Portuguese: Republicanos), formerly the Brazilian Republican Party (Portuguese: Partido Republicano Brasileiro, PRB) and originally formed as the Municipalist Renewal Party (Portuguese: Partido Municipalista Renovador, PMR), is a Brazilian political party. Its electoral number, the numerical assignment for Brazilian political parties, is 10.

The party is socially conservative and economically liberal, and has a strong association with the evangelical Universal Church of the Kingdom of God. Its party president Marcos Pereira is a bishop of the Church.

As the PRB, it was the party of former Vice President of Brazil José Alencar, where it was part of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's government. While it also supported Dilma Rousseff until her impeachment, it was one of the closest allies of the Bolsonaro government, and Vice President Hamilton Mourão joined the party at the tail end of his tenure in 2022.

Brazilian Labour Renewal Party
The Brazilian Labour Renewal Party (Portuguese: Partido Renovador Trabalhista Brasileiro, PRTB, sometimes just "Brasileiro") is a conservative Brazilian political party. It was founded in 1994 and its electoral number is 28. According to the party's official website, the PRTB described its ideology main ideology as participatory economics, proposing "to establish an economic system based on participatory decision making as the primary economic mechanism for allocation in society". Despite this, the actual political stance has been characterized as social conservative, economically liberal, and aligned to far-right. The PRTB was led by Levy Fidelix, known for his nationalist and socially conservative positions, from 1994 until his death in 2021.

The PRTB gained national prominence when its member Hamilton Mourão, was elected as Vice President of Brazil in 2018 on the ticket of Jair Bolsonaro. However, Mourão left PRTB in 2022.
William Riker
William Thomas "Will" Riker is a fictional character in the Star Trek universe appearing primarily as a main character in Star Trek: The Next Generation, portrayed by Jonathan Frakes. Throughout the series and its accompanying films, he is the Enterprise's first officer, and briefly captain, until he accepts command of the USS Titan at the end of Star Trek: Nemesis. He is the husband of Deanna Troi.

Marina Sirtis
Marina Sirtis (/ˈsɜːrtɪs/; born 29 March 1955) is a British-American actress. She is best known for her role as Counselor Deanna Troi on the television series Star Trek: The Next Generation and four Star Trek feature films, as well as other appearances in the Star Trek franchise.
Citizen AA
The Citizen Athletic Association (Chinese: 公民體育會), simply known as Citizen or TCAA, is a Hong Kong athletic club. Its football team (Chinese: 公民足球隊) currently competes in the Hong Kong First Division, the second tier of Hong Kong football. The club has a long history in playing in the top-tier Hong Kong First Division, but decided to self-relegate in the 2013–14 season after declining to participate in the newly established Hong Kong Premier League.

The club plays its home matches at Happy Valley Recreation Ground.

Hong Kong Pegasus FC
Hong Kong Pegasus FC (Chinese: 香港飛馬足球會), currently known as Ling Yui Orion FC due to sponsorship reasons, is a Hong Kong football club based in Yuen Long. Founded in 2008, the club currently competes in the Hong Kong Third Division.
TNA Impact!
TNA Impact!, also known as TNA Thursday Night Impact! or simply Impact! (stylized as iMPACT!), is an American professional wrestling television program produced by the American promotion Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) that debuted on June 4, 2004. It also features wrestlers from WWE's NXT brand due to the working relationship between the two companies.

The series currently airs every Thursday at 9 p.m. Eastern Time (ET) on AMC as well as streaming on AMC+ in the United States and TNA+ internationally, owned by its parent company Anthem Sports & Entertainment. It premiered on AMC on January 15, 2026.

Beer Money, Inc.
Beer Money, Inc. was a professional wrestling tag team which consisted of Robert "Bobby" Roode and James Storm in the professional wrestling promotion Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), where they are record-tying five-time TNA World Tag Team Champions, while also holding the record for the longest single reign and longest combined reigns as champions. From 2008 to 2009, the team was managed by Storm's continuing manager Jacqueline.
Turbine
A turbine (/ˈtɜːrbaɪn/ or /ˈtɜːrbɪn/) (from the Greek τύρβη, tyrbē, or Latin turbo, meaning vortex) is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. The work produced can be used for generating electrical power when combined with a generator. A turbine is a turbomachine with at least one moving part called a rotor assembly, which is a shaft or drum with blades attached. Moving fluid acts on the blades so that they move and impart rotational energy to the rotor.

Gas, steam, and water turbines have a casing around the blades that contains and controls the working fluid. Modern steam turbines frequently employ both reaction and impulse in the same unit, typically varying the degree of reaction and impulse from the blade root to its periphery.

Hydraulic head
Hydraulic head or piezometric head is a measurement related to liquid pressure (normalized by specific weight) and the liquid elevation above a vertical datum.
It is usually measured as an equivalent liquid surface elevation, expressed in units of length, at the entrance (or bottom) of a piezometer. In an aquifer, it can be calculated from the depth to water in a piezometric well (a specialized water well), and given information of the piezometer's elevation and screen depth. Hydraulic head can similarly be measured in a column of water using a standpipe piezometer by measuring the height of the water surface in the tube relative to a common datum. The hydraulic head can be used to determine a hydraulic gradient between two or more points.
Harvard University Press
Harvard University Press (HUP) is an academic publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University. It is a member of the Association of University Presses. Its director since 2017 is George Andreou.

The press maintains offices in Cambridge, Massachusetts, near Harvard Square, and in London, England. The press co-founded the distributor TriLiteral LLC with MIT Press and Yale University Press. TriLiteral was sold to LSC Communications in 2018.

Notable authors published by HUP include Eudora Welty, Walter Benjamin, E. O. Wilson, John Rawls, Emily Dickinson, Stephen Jay Gould, Helen Vendler, Carol Gilligan, Amartya Sen, David Blight, Martha Nussbaum, and Thomas Piketty.

The Display Room in Harvard Square, dedicated to selling HUP publications, closed on June 17, 2009.

Imperial China: 900–1800
Imperial China: 900–1800 is a history book written by Frederick W. Mote, Professor of Chinese History and Civilization, Emeritus, at Princeton University.  The book was published in 1999 by Harvard University Press.
89th New York State Legislature
The 89th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 2 to April 20, 1866, during the second year of Reuben E. Fenton's governorship, in Albany.

92nd New York State Legislature
The 92nd New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 5 to May 11, 1869, during the first year of John T. Hoffman's governorship, in Albany.
First National Pictures
First National Pictures was an American motion picture production and distribution company. It was founded in 1917 as First National Exhibitors' Circuit, Inc., an association of independent theatre owners in the United States, and became the country's largest theater chain. Expanding from exhibiting movies to distributing them, the company reincorporated in 1919 as Associated First National Theatres, Inc., and Associated First National Pictures, Inc. In 1924 it expanded to become a motion picture production company as First National Pictures, Inc., and became an important studio in the film industry. In September 1928, control of First National passed to Warner Bros., into which it was completely absorbed on November 4, 1929. A number of Warner Bros. films were thereafter branded First National Pictures until July 1936, when First National Pictures, Inc., was dissolved.

Warner Bros.
Warner Bros. is a brand name that has been used by several multinational mass media and entertainment companies and corporations, mostly based in the United States, with attributions to Warner Bros. Pictures, a major American film studio founded on April 4, 1923.

As of 2026, Warner Bros. Discovery owns the motion picture and television assets derived from the original Warner Bros. studio, while the latter's original recorded music arm, Warner Records (formerly known as Warner Bros. Records), now a flagship subsidiary of Warner Music Group, has been independently owned since 2004. Several other former subsidiaries and divisions have been spun off or sold, but no longer use the Warner name.
Dike (geology)
In geology, a dike or dyke is a sheet of rock that is formed in a fracture of a pre-existing rock body. Dikes can be either magmatic or sedimentary in origin. Magmatic dikes form when magma flows into a crack then solidifies as a sheet intrusion, either cutting across layers of rock or through a contiguous mass of rock. Clastic dikes are formed when sediment fills a pre-existing crack.

Country rock (geology)
Country rock in geology  is the rock native to an area, in contrast to any intrusion of viscous geologic material, commonly magma, or perhaps rock salt (in salt domes) or unconsolidated sediments.

Magma is typically less dense than the rock it intrudes, widening and filling existing cracks, sometimes melting the already-existing country rock.

The term "country rock" is similar to, and in many cases interchangeable with, the terms basement and wall rocks.

Country rock can denote the widespread lithology of a region in relation to the rock which is being discussed or observed.