hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Railways Act 1921
The Railways Act 1921 (11 & 12 Geo. 5. c. 55), also known as the Grouping Act, was an act of Parliament enacted by the British government. It was intended to stem the losses being made by many of the country's 120 railway companies by "grouping" them into four large companies, dubbed the "Big Four". The system of the "Big Four" lasted until the nationalisation of the railways in 1947.

During World War I, the British government had taken control, although not ownership, of British railways. The intention behind the Act was to reduce inefficient internal competition between railway companies and retain some of the benefits which the country had derived from a government-controlled railway system during the war. The provisions of the act took effect from the start of 1923.

Cambrian Railways
The Cambrian Railways owned 230 miles (370 km) of track over a large area of mid Wales. The system was an amalgamation of a number of railways that were incorporated in 1864, 1865 and 1904. The Cambrian connected with two larger railways with connections to the northwest of England via the London and North Western Railway, and the Great Western Railway for connections between London and Wales. The Cambrian Railways amalgamated with the Great Western Railway on 1 January 1922 as a result of the Railways Act 1921. The name is continued today in the route known as the Cambrian Line.
Serie D
The Serie D (Italian pronunciation: [ˈseːrje ˈdi]) is the highest level of semi-professional football in Italy, and the fourth tier of the Italian national league system, the lowest one with a national organization. It sits beneath the third and lowest fully professional league, Serie C, and feeds in to it through promotion and relegation. Serie D is administered by the Lega Nazionale Dilettanti and is organized by the Roman Comitato Interregionale (Interregional Committee), a "league in the league" inside the LND.

Pro Sesto 1913
Pro Sesto 1913 S.r.l. (formerly Associazione Sportiva Dilettantistica Nuova Pro Sesto and initially Associazione Calcio Pro Sesto) is an association football club, based in Sesto San Giovanni, Lombardy, Italy. Pro Sesto currently plays in Serie D, having last been in Serie B in 1950.
Big Sky Conference
The Big Sky Conference is a collegiate athletic conference, affiliated with the NCAA's Division I with football competing in the Football Championship Subdivision. As of 2024, ten full member institutions are located in the states of Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Utah, and Washington. Two affiliate members from California are football–only participants, and a South Carolina school joined for men's golf in July 2025. Sacramento State will leave at the end of the 2025–26 school year, with Southern Utah and Utah Tech joining.

Paul Wulff
Paul Louis Wulff (born February 25, 1967) is an American football coach and former player who most recently served as the head football coach at California Polytechnic State University from 2022 until 2025. Wulff previously served as the head coach at Eastern Washington University from 2000 to 2007 and at Washington State University from 2008 to 2011. As a student-athlete, he played on the offensive line at Washington State during the late 1980s, earning honorable mention All-American honors following his senior season in 1989.

Since his exodus from Eastern Washington in December 2007, Sacramento State in 2017 is the only college football team Paul Wulff has been a part of that finished a season with a winning record.
Henry VI the Elder
Henry VI (IV) the Elder (Polish: Henryk VI (IV) Starszy) (bef. 1345 – 5 December 1393) was a Duke of Żagań-Głogów after 1368 (with his brothers as co-rulers until 1378).

He was the oldest son of Henry V the Iron, Duke of Żagań-Głogów, by his wife Anna, daughter of Duke Wenceslaus of Płock.

Henry VIII the Sparrow
Henry VIII (VI) the Sparrow (Polish: Henryk VIII Wróbel; c. 1357 – 14 March 1397) was Duke of Żagań–Głogów from 1368 to 1378 (as a co-ruler with his brothers), after 1378 ruler over Zielona Góra, Szprotawa, Kożuchów, Przemków and Sulechów, and after 1395 ruler over half of Głogów, Ścinawa and Bytom Odrzański. He was the second son of Henry V the Iron, Duke of Żagań–Głogów, by his wife Anna, daughter of Duke Wenceslaus of Płock. The origin of his nickname "Sparrow" (Wróbel) is unknown.
Pat Mills
Patrick Eamon Mills (born 1949) is an English comics writer and editor who, along with John Wagner, revitalised British boys' comics in the 1970s, and has remained a leading light in British comics ever since. He has been called "the godfather of British comics".

His comics are notable for their violence and anti-authoritarianism. He is best known for creating 2000 AD and playing a major part in the development of Judge Dredd.

Mike McMahon (comics)
Michael McMahon (/məkˈmɑːn/ mək-MAHN; born 1954) is a British comics artist best known for his work on 2000 AD characters such as Judge Dredd, Sláine and ABC Warriors, and the mini-series The Last American.

His influences include Víctor de la Fuente, Hugo Pratt, Gino d'Antonio, Don Lawrence, Joe Colquhoun and Harvey Kurtzman.
Alderman
An alderman is a member of a municipal assembly or a council in many jurisdictions founded upon English law with similar officials existing in the Netherlands (wethouder) and Belgium (schepen). The term may be titular, denoting a high-ranking member of a borough or county council, a council member chosen by the elected members themselves rather than by popular vote, or a council member elected by voters.

Municipal council (Netherlands)
In the Netherlands, the municipal council (Dutch: gemeenteraad [ɣəˈmeːn.təˌraːt] ⓘ) is the elected assembly of a municipality. Its main role is laying down the guidelines for the policy of the municipal executive and exercising control over its execution by the mayor and aldermen.

The municipal councils range in size from nine to 45 seats (as in Amsterdam, the capital city), depending on the municipality's population, and are elected by the population every four years. In many municipalities all major political parties contest in the election in addition to local parties. In most major, urban municipalities, all major parties are represented in the municipal council, while in smaller and more rural municipalities, only the largest parties and a local party have seats in the municipal council.
List of Torchwood characters
This is a list of characters from the British science fiction television programme Torchwood, created by Russell T Davies. This list includes main characters, recurring characters and important guest characters. The main characters typically function as a team, defending the planet from alien and nefarious human threats. The series operated with a "monster of the week" format for its first two series before adopting a serial-based format for its third and fourth series, which feature an extended recurring cast of supporting characters.

Rex Matheson
Agent Rex Matheson, portrayed by Mekhi Phifer, is a fictional character in the BBC television programme Torchwood, a spin-off from the long-running series Doctor Who. Phifer was one of three American actors to join Torchwood in its fourth series, Torchwood: Miracle Day (2011), as part of a then-new co-production between Torchwood's British network, BBC One, and its American financiers on US premium television network Starz.

Rex is introduced by series producer Russell T Davies as a means of introducing new American audiences to the established world of Torchwood. Within the series' narrative, Rex is a high-flying agent for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) who begins to investigate Torchwood after being personally affected by a global supernatural event. Rex's role as a second male hero in the series leads him to clash with returning male lead Captain Jack Harkness (John Barrowman). He eventually becomes immortal in the same vein as Harkness.
Hobey Baker Award
The Hobey Baker Award is an annual award given to the top National Collegiate Athletic Association men's ice hockey player. It has been awarded 44 times. It is named for Hall of Famer Hobey Baker, who played college hockey at Princeton University and died shortly after World War I.

The original statue for the award was commissioned and awarded by the Decathlon Athletic Club (now defunct) in Bloomington, Minnesota. The model for the award trophy was Steve Christoff, who played for the University of Minnesota and in the National Hockey League.

Boston University Terriers men's ice hockey
The Boston University Terriers men’s ice hockey team is the college ice hockey team that represents Boston University. They played their first game in 1918 and have won five national championships, while making 25 appearances in the Frozen Four.

BU has won 12 major conference tournament championships as well as 32 titles in the historic Beanpot tournament featuring the four major Boston collegiate hockey teams.
BU played in the Eastern College Athletic Conference (ECAC) from 1961 to 1984, winning five tournament championships; and has since competed in the Hockey East Association, winning ten tournament titles. Ice hockey is the most popular sport at Boston University and has a large fan base on campus and among BU alumni nationwide.
North American porcupine
The North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum), also known as the Canadian porcupine, is a large quill-covered rodent in the New World porcupine family. It is the second largest rodent in North America after the North American beaver (Castor canadensis). The porcupine is a caviomorph rodent whose ancestors were believed to have crossed the Atlantic from Africa to Brazil 30 million years ago, and then migrated to North America during the Great American Interchange after the Isthmus of Panama rose 3 million years ago.

Western moose
The Western moose (Alces alces andersoni) is a subspecies of moose that inhabits boreal forests and mixed deciduous forests in the Canadian Arctic, western Canadian provinces and a few western sections of the northern United States. It is the second largest North American subspecies of moose, second to the Alaskan moose. This subspecies is prey to timber wolves and bears. Male Western moose are aggressive during mating season (autumn and winter) and may injure or kill with provocation.
Rastriya Prajatantra Party
The Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Nepali pronunciation: [rasʈrijʌ prʌˈd͡zatʌntrʌ ˈpa(r)ʈi]; Nepali: राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी, lit. 'National Democratic Party'; abbr. RPP, RaPraPa (Nepali: राप्रपा)) is a constitutional monarchist and Hindu nationalist political party in Nepal.

The party was formed by Panchayat era prime ministers Surya Bahadur Thapa and Lokendra Bahadur Chand in 1990. The party led two coalition governments in 1997 under Thapa and Chand. The two were also appointed prime minister by King Gyanendra in the 2000s; Chand in 2002 and Thapa in 2003.

Rajendra Prasad Lingden is currently serving as party chairman after being elected at the party's general convention in December 2021. Rastriya Prajatantra Party is currently the fifth-largest political party in the House of Representatives after winning 14 seats at the 2022 general election and is one of seven national parties recognized by the Election Commission.

Nepal Sadbhawana Party
The Nepal Sadbhavana Party (NSP; Nepali: नेपाल सदभावना पार्टी) is a political party in Nepal. Founded by Gajendra Narayan Singh in 1985 as Nepal Sadbhavana Council, the party's main ideology remained advocacy for rights of the Madhesi, discriminated communities and scheduled groups of Nepal. The party merged into Nepali Congress on 20 January 2026.

On 21 April 2017, the party merged with Tarai Madhes Loktantrik Party, Sadbhavana Party, Terai Madhes Sadbhawana Party, Madhesi Janaadhikar Forum (Republican) and Rastriya Madhesh Samajwadi Party to form Rastriya Janata Party Nepal. The party was later revived by Anil Kumar Jha in 2025 when he parted away from resigning from the Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal portfolio of senior leader.
2007 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election
The 2007 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election were the 2nd Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) election of the state of Uttarakhand in India. The elections were held on 21 February 2007, when the Bharatiya Janata Party emerged as the largest party with 35 seats in the 70-seat legislature. One seat short of forming a majority, the BJP have had to rely on support from the Uttarakhand Kranti Dal and three Independents to form the government. The Indian National Congress became the official opposition, holding 21 seats.

2002 Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly election
The 2002 Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly election were the 1st Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) elections of the state of Uttaranchal in India, when the Indian National Congress emerged as the largest party and won a majority with 36 seats in the 70-seat legislature in the election. The Bharatiya Janata Party became the official opposition, holding 19 seats.
Citric acid
Citric acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H8O7. It is a colorless weak organic acid. It occurs naturally in citrus fruits. In biochemistry, it is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle, which occurs in the metabolism of all aerobic organisms.

More than two million tons of citric acid are manufactured every year. It is used widely as acidifier, flavoring, preservative, and chelating agent.

A citrate is a derivative of citric acid; that is, the salts, esters, and the polyatomic anion found in solutions and salts of citric acid. An example of the former, a salt is trisodium citrate; an ester is triethyl citrate. When citrate trianion is part of a salt, the formula of the citrate trianion is written as C6H5O3−7 or C3H5O(COO)3−3.

Sodium citrate
Sodium citrate may refer to any of the sodium salts of citric acid (though most commonly the third):

Monosodium citrate

Disodium citrate

Trisodium citrate

The three forms of salt are collectively known by the E number E331.
Gruppenführer
Gruppenführer ([ˈɡʁʊpm̩fyːʁɐ], lit. 'Group leader') was an early paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party (NSDAP), first created in 1925 as a senior rank of the SA. Since then, the term Gruppenführer is also used for leaders of groups/teams of the police, fire departments, military and several other organizations.

Sicherheitspolizei
The Sicherheitspolizei often abbreviated as SiPo, is a German term meaning "security police". In the Nazi era, it referred to the state political and criminal investigation security agencies. It was made up by the combined forces of the Gestapo (secret state police) and the Kriminalpolizei (criminal police; Kripo) between 1936 and 1939. As a formal agency, the SiPo was incorporated into the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA) in 1939, but the term continued to be used informally until the end of World War II in Europe.
Upper Derwent Valley
The Upper Derwent Valley is an area of the Peak District National Park in England. It largely lies in Derbyshire, but its north eastern area lies in Sheffield, South Yorkshire. Its most significant features are the Derwent Dams, Ladybower, Derwent and Howden, which form Ladybower Reservoir, Derwent Reservoir and Howden Reservoir respectively.

River Derwent, Derbyshire
The Derwent is a river in Derbyshire, England. It is 50 miles (80 km) long and is a tributary of the River Trent, which it joins south of Derby. The river's course is largely in the Peak District and its foothills.

Much of the river's route, with the exception of the city of Derby, is rural. However, the river has also seen many human uses, and between Matlock and Derby was one of the cradles of the Industrial Revolution. It is the site of the Derwent Valley Mills, the first industrial-scale cotton mills. Today it provides a water supply to several surrounding cities, and its steep-sided valley is an important communications corridor through the uplands of the Peak District.

The scenery of the Derwent valley attracts many tourists. The upper reaches pass through the Peak District National Park, whilst the middle reaches around the old spa town of Matlock Bath offer souvenir shops and amusement arcades, together with attractions such as the Heights of Abraham and its cable car.
Dominic Inglot
Dominic Inglot (/ˈɪŋɡlɒt/ ING-glot; born 6 March 1986) is a British former professional tennis player who was a doubles specialist. He made the final of twenty seven ATP World Tour events, winning fourteen, including the Citi Open and Swiss Indoors partnering Treat Huey and Franko Škugor, and also made the final of nine ATP Challenger Tour events winning six of them. He was a former British No. 1 in doubles. Also known as 'Dom the Bomb' due to his menacing serve.

Inglot made his debut in the Great Britain Davis Cup squad for the 2014 World Group first round tie against the United States. Inglot also played in the 2015 Davis Cup first round tie against the United States, and joined the team for the Final against Belgium, Great Britain winning the Davis Cup in 2015, the nation's first success in the tournament for 79 years. The Davis Cup team was awarded the 2015 BBC Sports Personality Team of the Year Award.

Andre Begemann
Andre Begemann (born 12 July 1984) is a German inactive professional tennis player. He is a doubles specialist who reached his career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 36, achieved in May 2015. He has a career-high singles ranking of No. 166, achieved in July 2010. Begemann has won four ATP Tour doubles titles.
Wales National County Cricket Club
Wales National County Cricket Club is one of the 20 county clubs that compete in the National Counties Cricket Championship. It represents all of the historic counties of Wales except Glamorgan, and is the only non-English team in the competition.

The team is currently a member of the National Counties Cricket Championship Western Division, having joined in 1988 (under the name Wales Minor Counties) after Somerset's second eleven left the competition, and plays in the NCCA Knockout Trophy. Wales National County played List A matches occasionally from 1993 until 2005 but is not classified as a List A team per se.

2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy
The 2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy was an English county cricket tournament, held between 29 August 2002 and 30 August 2003. The competition was won by Gloucestershire who beat Worcestershire by 7 wickets at Lord's.
Magdalena River
The Magdalena River (Spanish: Río Magdalena, Spanish pronunciation: [ˈri.o maɣðaˈlena]; less commonly Rio Grande de la Magdalena) is the main river of Colombia, flowing northward about 1,528 kilometres (949 mi) through the western half of the country. It takes its name from the biblical figure Mary Magdalene. It is navigable through much of its lower reaches, in spite of the shifting sand bars at the mouth of its delta, as far as Honda, at the downstream base of its rapids. It flows through the Magdalena River Valley.

Its drainage basin covers a surface of 273,000 square kilometres (105,000 sq mi), which is 24% of the country's area and where 66% of its population lives.

Tolima Department
Tolima (Spanish pronunciation: [toˈlima]) is one of the 32 departments of Colombia, located in the Andean region, in the center-west of the country. It is bordered on the north and the west by the department of Caldas; on the east by the department of Cundinamarca; on the south by the department of Huila, and on the west by the departments of Cauca, Valle del Cauca, Quindío and Risaralda. Tolima has a surface area of 23,562 km2, and its capital is Ibagué. The department of Tolima was created in 1861 from a part of what was previously Cundinamarca.
Kansai region
The Kansai region (関西地方, Kansai Chihō; [kaꜜɰ̃.sai, kaɰ̃.sai tɕiꜜ.hoː] ⓘ) (also known as the Kinki region (近畿地方, Kinki Chihō; Japanese pronunciation: [kʲiꜜŋ.ki, kʲiŋ.ki̥ tɕiꜜ.hoː])) is a region of Japan that lies in the southern-central portion of Japan's main island, Honshū. The region consists of the prefectures of Hyōgo, Kyoto, Mie, Nara, Osaka, Shiga, and Wakayama.  Additionally, the prefectures of Fukui, Tokushima and Tottori are sometimes associated with Kansai.

Kansai is the second-most populated region of Japan (after Kantō), and contains the metropolitan region of Osaka, Kobe and Kyoto (Keihanshin region), which is the second-most populated metropolitan region in Japan (after the Greater Tokyo Area).

Suita
Suita (吹田市, Suita-shi) is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan.  As of 31 March 2023, the city had an estimated population of 381,238 in 182,636 households, and a population density of 11,000 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 36.09 square kilometres (13.93 sq mi). It is a suburb of Osaka City and a part of the Kyoto–Osaka–Kobe metropolitan area.
Boiler
A boiler is a closed vessel in which fluid (generally water) is heated. The fluid does not necessarily boil. The heated or vaporized fluid exits the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications, including water heating, central heating, boiler-based power generation, cooking, and sanitation.

Whyte notation
The Whyte notation is a classification method for steam locomotives, and some internal combustion locomotives and electric locomotives, by wheel arrangement. It was devised by Frederick Methvan Whyte, and came into use in the early twentieth century following a December 1900 editorial in American Engineer and Railroad Journal.

The notation was adopted and remains in use in North America and the United Kingdom to describe the wheel arrangements of steam locomotives, but for modern locomotives, multiple units and trams it has been supplanted by the UIC system in Europe and by the AAR system (essentially a simplification of the UIC system) in North America. However, geared steam locomotives do not use the notation. They are classified by their model and their number of trucks.
John Hughes (archbishop of New York)
John Joseph Hughes (June 24, 1797 – January 3, 1864) was an Irish-born Catholic prelate who served as bishop (and later archbishop) of New York from 1842 until his death. In 1841, he founded St. John's College, which would later become Fordham University.

A native of Ireland, Hughes was born and raised in Augher in the south of County Tyrone. He emigrated to the United States in 1817, and became a priest in 1826 and a bishop in 1838. A figure of national prominence, he exercised great moral and social influence, and presided over a period of explosive growth for Catholicism in New York. He was regarded as "the best known, if not exactly the best loved, Catholic bishop in the country." He became known as "Dagger John", both for his following the Catholic practice wherein a bishop precedes his signature with a cross, as well as for his aggressive personality. His sister Angela Hughes was a nun and oversaw the opening of 15 schools and convents in New York.

Coadjutor bishop
A coadjutor bishop (or bishop coadjutor) ("co-assister" in Latin) is a bishop in the Latin Catholic, Anglican and (historically) Eastern Orthodox churches whose main role is to assist the diocesan bishop in administering the diocese.

The coadjutor automatically succeeds the diocesan bishop when he retires, dies or leaves office for another reason.  In the Latin Catholic Church, the coadjutor is a bishop appointed by the pope in Rome. He is considered the principal deputy administrator of the diocese.

In the Eastern Catholic churches, the adjutor may be appointed by the pope or by the church itself.  Within the Anglican Communion, a diocesan committee appoints the coadjutor, who can be male or female.