hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
5th Guards Army
The 5th Guards Army was a Soviet Guards formation which fought in many critical actions during World War II under the command of General Aleksey Semenovich Zhadov. The 5th Guards Army was formed in spring 1943 from the 66th Army in recognition of that army's actions during the Battle of Stalingrad. The 5th Guards Army fought in the Battle of Kursk, Belgorod-Khar'kov Offensive Operation, Battle of the Dnieper, Uman–Botoșani Offensive, Lvov–Sandomierz Offensive, Vistula–Oder Offensive, Berlin Offensive, and the Prague Offensive. During the Berlin Offensive elements of the army linked up with American troops at Torgau on the Elbe. Postwar, the army was disbanded as part of the Central Group of Forces.

53rd Army (Soviet Union)
The 53rd Army (Russian: 53-я армия) was a field army of the Soviet Union's Red Army which was formed in August 1941, disbanded in December 1941, and reformed in May 1942.  It fought throughout World War II before again being disbanded after the war in October 1945. The army was first formed for the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran and was disbanded there in December 1941. The army reformed in May 1942. It fought in the Demyansk Pocket, the Battle of Kursk, the Battle of Belgorod, the Battle of the Dnieper, the Battle of the Korsun–Cherkassy Pocket, the Uman–Botoșani Offensive, the Second Jassy–Kishinev Offensive, the Battle of Debrecen, the Budapest Offensive, and the Prague Offensive. At the end of the war in Europe it was moved to the Far East and fought in the Soviet invasion of Manchuria. The army was disbanded in October 1945.
Samnanger Municipality
Samnanger (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈsɑ̂mnɑŋər]) is a municipality in the Midhordland region of Vestland county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Tysse. Other main villages in the municipality include Haga, Bjørkheim, and Ådland. The municipality is located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of the city of Bergen, Norway's second largest city. It surrounds the inner part of the Samnangerfjorden and the surrounding valleys. There are mountains that surround the municipality. The development of hydroelectric power plants started here in 1909.

The 269.06-square-kilometre (103.88 sq mi) municipality is the 274th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Samnanger Municipality is the 257th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,491. The municipality's population density is 9.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (24/sq mi) and its population has increased by 2.7% over the previous 10-year period.

Vestland
Vestland is a county in Norway. The county is located in Western Norway, and its administrative centre is Bergen, where the executive and political leadership is based. The County Governor is based in Hermansverk. Vestland is one of two counties in Norway that have Nynorsk as their official written language form.

Vestland was created on 1 January 2020, when the former counties of Hordaland and Sogn og Fjordane were merged.
Jack Jester
Lee John Greig (born 25 August 1987) is a Scottish professional wrestler and actor, better known by his ring name Jack Jester. He wrestles for numerous promotions in the British independent wrestling circuit, but is best known for his work in Insane Championship Wrestling, Greig is a Wrestling Coach at GPWA Glasgow Asylum.

Greig has appeared for Xhamster videos and in several professional wrestling documentaries including The British Wrestler (VICE) and Smack 'Em Up (RTÉ). He was also one of the stars of BBC documentaries Insane Fight Club and Insane Fight Club 2. In 2016, Jester challenged Drew Galloway for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship in British Championship Wrestling.

He was raised in the Fernhill area of Rutherglen, and began wrestling at the age of 16.

Wolfgang (wrestler)
Barry Young (born 3 December 1986) is a Scottish professional wrestler. He is best known for his time in WWE, where he performed on the NXT brand, under the ring name Wolfgang. He was a member of Gallus and is a former NXT Tag Team champion with stable mate Mark Coffey, as well as being a former tag team champion in now defunct NXT UK brand alongside Mark Coffey.

Young is also known for his tenure with Insane Championship Wrestling (ICW), where he was a former ICW World Heavyweight champion and a former ICW Zero-G champion.
Etten-Leur
Etten-Leur (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌɛtə(n) ˈløːr] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Dutch province North Brabant. Its name is a combination of the two villages from which the municipality originally arose: Etten and Leur.

Zevenbergen
Zevenbergen (from Dutch zeven, although it is unsure for which reason, and bergen, meaning "mountains") is a Dutch city which is a part of the municipality of Moerdijk. Zevenbergen is located in the northwest of the province of North Brabant near Breda.
Wakayama Prefecture
Wakayama Prefecture (和歌山県, Wakayama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [wa.kaꜜ.ja.ma, wa.ka.ja.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu.: 1026  Wakayama Prefecture has a population of 876,030 (as of 1 February 2025) and a geographic area of 4,724 square kilometres (1,824 sq mi). Wakayama Prefecture borders Osaka Prefecture to the north, and Mie Prefecture and Nara Prefecture to the northeast.

Wakayama is the capital and largest city of Wakayama Prefecture, with other major cities including Tanabe, Hashimoto, and Kinokawa.: 1025  Wakayama Prefecture is located on the southwestern coast of the Kii Peninsula on the Kii Channel, connecting the Pacific Ocean and Seto Inland Sea, across from Tokushima Prefecture on the island of Shikoku.

Important Cultural Property (Japan)
An Important Cultural Property (重要文化財, jūyō bunkazai) is an item officially classified as Tangible Cultural Property by the Japanese government's Agency for Cultural Affairs (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) and judged to be of particular importance to the history, arts, and culture of the Japanese people.
Aida
Aida (or Aïda, Italian: [aˈiːda]) is a tragic opera in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Antonio Ghislanzoni. Set in the Old Kingdom of Egypt, it was commissioned by Cairo's Khedivial Opera House and had its première there on 24 December 1871, in a performance conducted by Giovanni Bottesini. Today the work holds a central place in the operatic canon, receiving performances every year around the world. At New York's Metropolitan Opera alone, Aida has been sung more than 1,100 times since 1886. Ghislanzoni's scheme follows a scenario often attributed to the French Egyptologist Auguste Mariette, but Verdi biographer Mary Jane Phillips-Matz argues that the source is actually Temistocle Solera.

Siegfried (opera)
Siegfried (German: [ˈziːk.fʀiːt] ⓘ), WWV 86C, is the third of the four epic music dramas that constitute Richard Wagner's cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen (English: The Ring of the Nibelung). It premiered at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus on 16 August 1876, as part of the first complete performance of The Ring cycle.

The autograph manuscript of the work is preserved in the Richard Wagner Foundation.
Primera C Metropolitana
The Primera C Metropolitana is one of the two professional leagues that form the fourth level of the Argentine football league system. Primera C Metropolitana is made up of 20 clubs, mainly from the city of Buenos Aires and its metropolitan area (Greater Buenos Aires).

The other league at level four is the Torneo Federal B, where teams from regional leagues take part.

Defensores de Belgrano
Club Atlético Defensores de Belgrano (usually known as Defensores de Belgrano) is an Argentine sports club from Nuñez, Buenos Aires. The club is mostly known for its football team, which currently plays in Primera Nacional, the regionalised second division of the Argentine league system.

Apart from football, other sports practised at Defensores de Belgrano are boxing, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, kickboxing, karate, and artistic roller skating.
Vyborg–Petrozavodsk offensive
The Vyborg–Petrozavodsk offensive or Karelian offensive was a strategic operation by the Soviet Leningrad and Karelian Fronts against Finland on the Karelian Isthmus and East Karelia fronts of the Continuation War, on the Eastern Front of World War II. The Soviet forces captured East Karelia and Vyborg/Viipuri. After that, however, the fighting reached a stalemate.

The operations of the strategic offensive can be divided into the following offensives:

Viipuri (10–20 June) by the Leningrad Front

Virojoki-Lappeenranta (21 June – 15 July) by the Leningrad Front
Koivisto landing (20–25 June) by the Baltic Fleet

Svir–Petrozavodsk (21 June – 9 August) by the Karelian Front
Tuloksa landing (23–27 June) by the Soviet Ladoga Flotilla

32nd Army (Soviet Union)
The 32nd Army (Russian: 32-я армия) was a formation of the Soviet Army during World War II.  The army was formed twice during the war, disbanded as part of the post-war demobilization and then reformed in 1969 to protect the Soviet-Chinese border.
Netflix
Netflix is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service. The service primarily distributes original and acquired films and television shows from various genres. It is available internationally in multiple languages.

Launched in 2007, nearly a decade after Netflix, Inc. began its pioneering DVD-by-mail movie rental service, Netflix is the most-subscribed video on demand streaming media service, with 325 million paid memberships in more than 190 countries as of 2026. By 2022, "Netflix Original" productions accounted for half of its library in the United States and the namesake company had ventured into other categories, such as video game publishing of mobile games through its flagship service. As of 2025, Netflix is the 18th most-visited website in the world, with 21.18% of its traffic coming from the United States, followed by the United Kingdom at 6.01%, Canada at 4.94%, and Brazil at 4.24%.

Tires (TV series)
Tires is an American comedy television series created by Shane Gillis, Steve Gerben, and John McKeever. The series stars Gillis, Gerben, and a supporting cast consisting of Chris O'Connor, Kilah Fox, and Stavros Halkias. The series premiered on May 23, 2024, on Netflix. In May 2024, the series had been picked up for a second season which premiered on June 5, 2025. In July 2025, the series was renewed for a third season.
American Baseball Coaches Association
The American Baseball Coaches Association (ABCA) is the world’s largest amateur baseball coaching organization and a leading professional association for baseball coaches across all levels of the sport. Founded in 1945, the ABCA represents over 15,000 members from all 50 U.S. states and more than 40 countries worldwide, encompassing coaches from youth, high school, junior college, NAIA, and NCAA divisions.

The ABCA advances the profession of coaching through education, advocacy, resources, and community building. It organizes the annual ABCA Convention, which is recognized as the world’s largest baseball convention, and supports year-round coaching education through clinics, publications, webinars and digital resources.

College Baseball Foundation
The College Baseball Foundation was formed in 2004 in Lubbock, Texas as a non-profit organization, with the dual aims of awarding the Brooks Wallace Award, and creating the National College Baseball Hall of Fame. The organization also annually presents several other college baseball awards including: the John Olerud Award, National Collegiate Umpire Award, Pitcher of the Year Award, and Skip Bertman Award.
Edinburgh International Festival
The Edinburgh International Festival is an annual arts festival in Edinburgh, Scotland, spread over the final three weeks in August. Notable figures from the international world of music (especially classical music) and the performing arts are invited to join the festival. Visual art exhibitions, talks and workshops are also hosted.

The first 'International Festival of Music and Drama' took place between 22 August and 11 September 1947. Under the first festival director, the distinguished Austrian-born impresario Rudolf Bing, it had a broadly-based programme, covering orchestral, choral and chamber music, Lieder and song, opera, ballet, drama, film, and Scottish 'piping and dancing' on the Esplanade of Edinburgh Castle, a structure that was followed in subsequent years.

The Festival has taken place every year since 1947, except for 2020 when it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A scaled-back version of the festival was held in 2021.

Rona Munro
Rona Munro (born 7 September 1959) is a Scottish writer. She has written plays for theatre, radio, and television. Her film work includes Ken Loach's Ladybird, Ladybird (1994), Oranges and Sunshine (2010) for Jim Loach and Aimée & Jaguar (1999), co-authored by German director Max Färberböck. Munro is the second cousin (once removed) of Scottish author Angus MacVicar.

Munro wrote the last serial of the original Doctor Who in 1989, and returned to the show in 2017, writing an episode for the tenth series of the revived version. This made her the only writer thus far who has worked in both the classic and revival eras of Doctor Who.
Unmanned aerial vehicle
An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or unmanned aircraft system (UAS), commonly known as a drone, is an aircraft with no human pilot, crew, or passengers on board, but rather is controlled remotely or is autonomous. UAVs were originally developed through the twentieth century for military missions too "dull, dirty or dangerous" for humans, and by the twenty-first had become essential assets to most militaries. As control technologies improved and costs fell, their use expanded to many non-military applications. These include aerial photography, area coverage, precision agriculture, forest fire monitoring, river monitoring, environmental monitoring, weather observation, policing and surveillance, infrastructure inspections, smuggling, product deliveries, entertainment, and drone racing.

Thales Group
Thales S.A., trading as Thales Group (French pronunciation: [talɛs]), is a French multinational aerospace and defence corporation specialising in electronics.

It designs, develops and manufactures a wide variety of aerospace and military systems, devices and equipment but also operates in the cybersecurity and formerly civil ground transportation sectors. The company is headquartered in Paris' business district, La Défense, and its stock is listed on Euronext Paris.

Founded as Thomson-CSF in 1968, the group was rebranded Thales in 2000 due to the company's desire to simplify and improve the group's brand.

Thales is partially owned by the French state and operates in more than 68 countries. In 2023, the company generated €18,42 billion in revenue and was the 17th largest defence contractor in the world, with 53% of its total revenue generated from its military activities.
Montalcino
Montalcino (Italian pronunciation: [montalˈtʃiːno]) is a hill town and comune (municipality) in the province of Siena, Tuscany, central Italy.

The town is located to the west of Pienza, in Val d'Orcia. It is 42 kilometres (26 mi) from Siena and 110 kilometres (68 mi) from Florence. Monte Amiata is located nearby, on the border with the province of Grosseto.

Comune
A comune (pronounced [koˈmuːne]; pl.: comuni, pronounced [koˈmuːni]) is an administrative division of Italy, roughly equivalent to a township or municipality. It is the third-level administrative division of Italy, after regions (regioni) and provinces (province). The comune can also have the title of città (lit. 'city').

Formed praeter legem according to the principles consolidated in medieval municipalities, the comune is provided for by article 114 of the Constitution of Italy. It can be divided into frazioni, which in turn may have limited power due to special elective assemblies.

In the autonomous region of the Aosta Valley, a comune is officially called a commune in French.
Nylon (magazine)
Nylon is an American multimedia brand and publishing company, which produces a lifestyle magazine that focuses on pop culture and fashion. Its coverage includes art, beauty, music, design, celebrities, technology, and travel. Originally a print publication, it switched to an all-digital format in 2017. Its name references New York and London, and it is currently owned by the Bustle Digital Group (BDG). In 2023, the magazine announced it would return to print in 2024. It continues to release a print magazine biannually.

Billboard Philippines
Billboard Philippines (also shortened as Billboard PH) is a Philippine music and entertainment media brand and magazine owned by Modern Media Group, serving as the local edition of the Billboard magazine. It publishes news, video, opinion, reviews, events, and styles related to the music industry. It is also known for the Billboard Philippines Hot 100, a record chart that tracks the most popular songs in different genres. It also hosts events and releases magazine issues bimonthly.

It was first launched in September 2016 and operated under Algo-Rhythm Communications until 2018 when it ceased operations for undisclosed reasons. In 2023, it was announced that the magazine would be relaunched under a different owner, Modern Media Group. It officially made its return on October 15, 2023.
Eucalyptus todtiana
Eucalyptus todtiana, commonly known as coastal blackbutt pricklybark or dwutta, is a species of tree or a mallee that is endemic to the west coast of Western Australia. It has rough, fibrous and flaky bark on the trunk, smooth bark on the branches, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and eleven, white flowers and cup-shaped to hemispherical fruit.

Eucalyptus platydisca
Eucalyptus platydisca, also known as Jimberlana mallee, is a species of eucalypt native to Western Australia. It is listed as "Threatened Flora (Declared Rare Flora — Extant)" under the Western Australian Government Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 and as "vulnerable" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.
Ludwig Schläfli
Ludwig Schläfli (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ˈluːdvɪɡ ˈʃlɛːfli]; 15 January 1814 – 20 March 1895) was a Swiss mathematician, specialising in geometry and complex analysis (at the time called function theory) who was one of the key figures in developing the notion of higher-dimensional spaces.

Regular 4-polytope
In mathematics, a regular 4-polytope or regular polychoron is a regular four-dimensional polytope. They are the four-dimensional analogues of the regular polyhedra in three dimensions and the regular polygons in two dimensions.

There are six convex and ten star regular 4-polytopes, giving a total of sixteen.
Tympanum (anatomy)
The tympanum is an external hearing structure in animals such as mammals, birds, some reptiles, some amphibians and some insects.

Using sound, vertebrates and many insects are capable of sensing their prey, identifying and locating their predators, warning other individuals, and locating potential mates and rivals by hearing the intentional or unintentional sounds they make.

In general, any animal that reacts to sounds or communicates by means of sound, needs to have an auditory mechanism. This typically consists of a membrane capable of vibration known as the tympanum, an air-filled chamber and sensory organs to detect the auditory stimuli.

Nuptial pad
A nuptial pad (also known as thumb pad, or nuptial excrescence) is a secondary sex characteristic present on some mature male frogs and salamanders. Triggered by androgen hormones, this breeding gland (a type of mucous gland) appears as a spiked epithelial swelling on the forearm and prepollex that aids with grip, which is used primarily by males to grasp (or clasp) females during amplexus. They can also be used in male–male combat in some species.
Dublin Bus
Dublin Bus (Irish: Bus Átha Cliath) is an Irish state-owned bus operator providing services in Dublin. By far the largest bus operator in the city, it carried 145 million passengers in 2023. It is a subsidiary of Córas Iompair Éireann.

Blanchardstown
Blanchardstown (Irish: Baile Bhlainséir) is a large outer suburb of Dublin in the modern county of Fingal, Ireland. Located ten kilometres (6 mi) northwest of Dublin city centre, it has developed since the 1960s from a small village to a point where Greater Blanchardstown is the largest urban area in Fingal.

It is within the historical barony of Castleknock in the traditional County Dublin, as well as the Dublin 15 postal area and the Dublin West electoral constituency.

One of Ireland's largest shopping and leisure complexes — the Blanchardstown Centre and adjacent facilities — is located in the area.
GDDR5 SDRAM
Graphics Double Data Rate 5 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory (GDDR5 SDRAM) is a type of synchronous graphics random-access memory (SGRAM) with a high bandwidth ("double data rate") interface designed for use in graphics cards, game consoles, and high-performance computing. It is a type of GDDR SDRAM (graphics DDR SDRAM).

GDDR3 SDRAM
GDDR3 SDRAM (Graphics Double Data Rate 3 SDRAM) is a type of DDR SDRAM specialized for graphics processing units (GPUs) offering less access latency and greater device bandwidths compared to DDR2 SDRAM of the same generation. Its specification was developed by ATI Technologies in collaboration with DRAM vendors including Elpida Memory, Hynix Semiconductor, Infineon (later Qimonda) and Micron. It was later adopted as a JEDEC standard.
Robert Conquest
George Robert Acworth Conquest CMG OBE FBA FRSL (15 July 1917 – 3 August 2015) was a British and American historian, poet, and novelist. He was one of the West’s leading Sovietologists during the Cold War and was influential to both Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher.

A long-time research fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution, Conquest was most notable for his work on the Soviet Union. His books included The Great Terror: Stalin's Purges of the 1930s (1968); The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine (1986); and Stalin: Breaker of Nations (1991). He was also the author of two novels and several collections of poetry.

J. Arch Getty
John Archibald Getty III (November 30, 1950 – May 19, 2025) was an American historian and professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), who specialized in the history of Russia and the history of the Soviet Union.
Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Winston-Salem is a city in Forsyth County, North Carolina, United States, and its county seat. It is the fifth-most populous city in North Carolina and 91st-most populous city in the United States, with a population of 249,545 at the 2020 census. The Winston-Salem metropolitan area has an estimated 705,000 residents, making it the fourth-largest metropolitan area based in North Carolina. It is the second-most-populous city in North Carolina's Piedmont Triad region, home to about 1.7 million residents.

Winston-Salem is called the "Twin City" for its dual heritage, and the "Camel City" as a reference to the city's historic involvement in the tobacco industry related to locally based R. J. Reynolds' Camel cigarettes. Many North Carolinians refer to the city as "Winston" in informal speech. Winston-Salem is also home to six colleges and institutions, most notably Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem State University, and the University of North Carolina School of the Arts.

List of mayors of Winston-Salem, North Carolina
The following is a list of people who have served as the mayor of Winston-Salem, North Carolina, as well as those who served in the predecessor towns of Winston and Salem.

Winston-Salem mayors serve 4-year terms.