hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ambae
Ambae, also known as Aoba, Omba, Oba, or Opa and formerly Lepers’ Island, is an island in the South Pacific island nation of Vanuatu, approximately 310 kilometres (165 nautical miles) north-northwest of Vanuatu's capital city, Port Vila.  It is also Vanuatu's largest active volcano.

Maewo
Maewo (locally [ŋʷaewo], in English as /ˈmaɪwoʊ, ˈmeɪ-/ MY-woh, MAY- and formerly Aurora Island) is an island in Vanuatu in Penama province, 105 km to the east of Espiritu Santo.

It is 47 km long, and 6 km wide, with an area of 269 km2. Its highest point is 795 m above sea level. In 2009 the island had a population of almost 3,600. Maewo is covered with dense vegetation: tropical forests in which banyan trees grow.
Primary production
In ecology, primary production is the synthesis of organic compounds from atmospheric or aqueous carbon dioxide.  It principally occurs through the process of photosynthesis, which uses light as its source of energy, but it also occurs through chemosynthesis, which uses the oxidation or reduction of inorganic chemical compounds as its source of energy.  Almost all life on Earth relies directly or indirectly on primary production. The organisms responsible for primary production are known as primary producers or autotrophs, and form the base of the food chain. In terrestrial ecoregions, these are mainly plants, while in aquatic ecoregions algae predominate in this role. Ecologists distinguish primary production as either net or gross, the former accounting for losses to processes such as cellular respiration, the latter not.

Trophic level
The trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies in a food web.  Within a food web, a food chain is a succession of organisms that eat other organisms and may, in turn, be eaten themselves. The trophic level of an organism is the number of steps it is from the start of the chain. A food web starts at trophic level 1 with primary producers such as plants, can move to herbivores at level 2, carnivores at level 3 or higher, and typically finish with apex predators at level 4 or 5.  The path along the chain can form either a one-way flow or a part of a wider food "web".  Ecological communities with higher biodiversity form more complex trophic paths.

The word trophic derives from the Greek τροφή (trophē) referring to food or nourishment.
Sergei Osipov (artist)
Sergei Ivanovich Osipov (Russian: Серге́й Ива́нович О́сипов; 22 September 1915  – 12 October 1985) was a Soviet painter, graphic artist, and art teacher, who lived and worked in Leningrad, a member of the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation. He regarded as one of the representatives of the Leningrad school of painting, most known for his landscape and still life paintings.

Vera Nazina
Vera Ivanovna Nazina (Russian: Ве́ра Ива́новна На́зина; born 26 April 1931) is a Soviet Russian painter, graphic artist. Living and working in Saint Petersburg, she is a member of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists (before 1992, the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation), and is regarded as one of representatives of the Leningrad school of painting.
Columbia College, Columbia University
Columbia College is the oldest undergraduate college of Columbia University, a private Ivy League research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Church in Manhattan, it is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of New York and the fifth oldest in the United States.

Columbia was established as a colonial college by royal charter under George II of Great Britain. It was renamed Columbia College in 1784 following the American Revolution, and in 1787 was placed under a private board of trustees headed by alumni Alexander Hamilton and John Jay.

Columbia College is distinctive for its comprehensive Core Curriculum and is among the most selective of American colleges, with an admission rate of 3.85% in 2024.

Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs
The Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) is the international affairs and public policy school of Columbia University, a private Ivy League university located in Morningside Heights, Manhattan, New York City. SIPA offers Master of International Affairs (MIA) and Master of Public Administration (MPA) degrees in a range of fields, as well as the Executive MPA and PhD program in Sustainable Development.

SIPA's alumni include former heads of state, business leaders, journalists, diplomats, and elected representatives. Half of SIPA's nearly 1,400 students are international, coming from over 100 countries. SIPA has more than 70 full-time faculty, many of which include the world's leading scholars on international relations.
Best of Bowie
Best of Bowie is a greatest hits album by English recording artist David Bowie. Released in October 2002, four months after the critical and commercial success of the Heathen album, the songs range from his second album, David Bowie (1969) to Heathen (2002). A DVD, also titled Best of Bowie, was released too.

Initially peaking at number 11 on the UK Albums Chart upon release in October 2002, the album entered the top 10 for the first time in January 2016, after Bowie's death, and reached a new peak of number 1, marking his eleventh UK number 1 album. It also became the first album to reach number 1 in the UK due to streaming. Best of Bowie has been certified 4× Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry for sales of over 1,200,000.

The Best of David Bowie 1974/1979
The Best of David Bowie 1974/1979 is a compilation album by English singer-songwriter David Bowie, released in 1998 by EMI. It follows The Best of David Bowie 1969/1974 (1997) and includes material released between 1974 and 1979. This album was also included as the second disc of the compilation The Platinum Collection (2005/2006).
Kidnapping
Kidnapping is the illegal relocation (abduction) and confinement of a person against their will, and is a crime in many jurisdictions. Kidnapping may be accomplished by use of force or fear, or a victim may be enticed into confinement by fraud or deception. Kidnapping is distinguished from false imprisonment by the intentional movement of the victim to a different location.

Kidnapping may be done to demand a ransom in exchange for releasing the victim, or for other illegal purposes. Kidnapping can be accompanied by bodily injury, which in some jurisdictions elevates the crime to aggravated kidnapping.

Kidnapping of a child may be a distinct crime, depending on jurisdiction.

Burglary
Burglary, also called breaking and entering (B&E) or housebreaking, is a property crime involving the illegal entry into a building or other area without permission, typically with the intention of committing a further criminal offence. Usually that offence is theft, larceny, robbery, or murder, but most jurisdictions include others within the ambit of burglary. To commit burglary is to burgle, a term back-formed from the word burglar, or to burglarize.
Coventry Stakes
The Coventry Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old horses. It is run at Ascot over a distance of 6 furlongs (1,207 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in June.

Champagne Stakes (Great Britain)
The Champagne Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old colts and geldings. It is run at Doncaster over a distance of 7 furlongs and 6 yards (1,414 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September.
Will Power
William Steven Power (born 1 March 1981) is an Australian racing driver who is set to compete in the IndyCar Series, driving the No. 26 Dallara-Honda for Andretti Global. He won the 2018 Indianapolis 500 and has won the IndyCar Championship twice, in 2014 and 2022. Power is one of the most successful drivers in Indy car racing history, currently fourth all-time in wins (45), first all-time in poles (71), and fourth all-time in podiums (108).

Sage Karam
Sage Rennie Karam (born March 5, 1995) is an American professional auto racing driver. He competes part-time in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series, driving the No. 55 Toyota GR Supra for Joey Gase Motorsports with Scott Osteen. He previously competed full-time and part-time in the IndyCar Series. He is the 2013 champion in what is now the Indy NXT Series.
Claudio Abbado
Claudio Abbado OMRI (Italian pronunciation: [ˈklaudjo abˈbaːdo]; 26 June 1933 – 20 January 2014) was an Italian conductor who was one of the leading conductors of his generation. He served as music director of the La Scala opera house in Milan, principal conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic, principal conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra, principal guest conductor of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, music director of the Vienna State Opera, founder and director of the Lucerne Festival Orchestra, founder and director of the Mahler Chamber Orchestra, founding artistic director of the Orchestra Mozart and music director of the European Union Youth Orchestra. He was recipient of the Ernst von Siemens Music Prize and Senator for life in Italy.

Michael Tilson Thomas
Michael Tilson Thomas (born December 21, 1944) is an American conductor, pianist, and composer. He is Artistic Director Laureate of the New World Symphony, an American orchestral academy in Miami Beach, Florida, Music Director Laureate of the San Francisco Symphony, and Conductor Laureate of the London Symphony Orchestra. He gave his final performance with the San Francisco Symphony in April 2025 while fighting brain cancer.
Arrian
Arrian of Nicomedia (/ˈæriən/; Greek: Ἀρριανός Arrianos; Latin: Lucius Flavius Arrianus; c. 86/89 – c. after 146/160 AD) was a Greek historian, public servant, military commander, and philosopher of the Roman period.

The Anabasis of Alexander by Arrian is considered the best source on the campaigns of Alexander the Great. Scholars have generally preferred Arrian to other extant primary sources, though this attitude has changed somewhat in light of modern studies into Arrian's method.

Quintus Curtius Rufus
Quintus Curtius Rufus (/ˈkwɪntəs ˈkɜːrʃiəs ˈruːfəs/) was a Roman historian, likely active in the 1st century AD. He is known solely for his surviving work, Historiae Alexandri Magni ("Histories of Alexander the Great"), more fully titled Historiarum Alexandri Magni Macedonis Libri Qui Supersunt ("The Surviving Books of the Histories of Alexander the Great of Macedon"). Significant portions of the original work are missing.

Aside from his name on the manuscripts, no biographical details about Curtius Rufus are definitively known. This lack of information has led some philologists to speculate that he may have had another, unidentified historical identity. Several theories have been proposed, though they are regarded with varying degrees of credibility. Nevertheless, the identity of Quintus Curtius Rufus as the author of the Histories is generally treated as distinct.
California Democratic Party
The California Democratic Party, also known as the Democratic Party of California, is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of California. It is headquartered in Sacramento, California.

With 45.27% of the state's registered voters as of February 2025, the Democratic Party has the highest number of registrants of any political party in California. It is currently the dominant party in the state, and is one of the largest affiliates of the national Democratic Party. The party currently controls the majority of California's U.S. House seats, both U.S. Senate seats, the governorship, and has supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature.

Steve Padilla
Stephen C. Padilla (born 1967) is an American politician, public policy, advocacy and communications consultant serving in the California State Senate since 2022. From 1994 to 2002, he served two terms on the Chula Vista City Council. He served as Mayor of Chula Vista (Pop. 240,000) from 2002 to 2006 and as a member of the California Coastal Commission from 2005 to 2007, and again since 2017. He served as a member of the Board of Port Commissioners of the Unified Port of San Diego, as Board Secretary and Vice Chairman-Elect from 2009 to 2011. In 2016, he was again elected to the Chula Vista City Council.

He is also noted for being one of the state's increasing number of openly gay political leaders.
Republic of Karelia
The Republic of Karelia, or simply Karelia or Karjala (Russian: Каре́лия, Ка́рьяла; Karelian: Karjala) is a republic of Russia situated in the northwest of the country. The republic is a part of the Northwestern Federal District, and covers an area of 172,400 square kilometres (66,600 square miles), with a population of 533,121 residents. Its capital is Petrozavodsk.

The modern Karelian Republic was founded as an autonomous republic within the Russian SFSR, by the Resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) on 27 June 1923 and by the Decree of the VTsIK and the Council of People's Commissars of 25 July 1923, from the Karelian Labour Commune. From 1940 to 1956, it was known as the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic, one of the republics of the Soviet Union. In 1956, it was once again made an autonomous republic and remained part of Russia following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.

Komi Republic
The Komi Republic (Russian: Республика Коми; Komi: Коми Республика), sometimes simply referred to as Komi, is a republic of Russia situated in the northeast of European Russia. Its capital is the city of Syktyvkar.

The population of the republic  at the 2021 census was 737,853, down from 901,189 at the 2010 census.
Interstate 20 in Texas
Interstate 20 (I-20) is a major east–west Interstate Highway in Texas, running east from a junction with I-10 east of Kent, Texas, through the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex to the Louisiana state line near Waskom, Texas.  The original distance of I-20 was 647 miles (1,041 km) from I-10 to the Louisiana state line, reduced to the current distance of 636 miles (1,024 km) with the rerouting of I-20 in the 1980s and 1990s. I-20 is known as the Ronald Reagan Memorial Highway within the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex.

U.S. Route 67 in Texas
U.S. Route 67 (US 67) is a major U.S. highway in the state of Texas. It runs from the Mexican border west of Presidio to Texarkana at the Arkansas state line. US 67 is part of the La Entrada al Pacifico international trade corridor from its southern terminus to US 385 in McCamey.
4-6-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 4-6-2 represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles and two trailing wheels on one axle. The 4-6-2 locomotive became almost globally known as a Pacific type after a locomotive built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia was shipped across the Pacific Ocean to New Zealand.

4-8-4
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 4-8-4 represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles, eight powered and coupled driving wheels on four axles and four trailing wheels on two axles. The type was first used by the Northern Pacific Railway, and initially named the Northern Pacific, but railfans and railroad employees have shortened the name since its introduction. It is most commonly known as a Northern, among various names.
Jack and Jill
"Jack and Jill" (sometimes "Jack and Gill", particularly in earlier versions) is a traditional English nursery rhyme. The Roud Folk Song Index classifies the commonest tune and its variations as number 10266, although it has been set to several others. The original rhyme dates back to the 18th century and different numbers of verses were later added, each with variations in the wording. Throughout the 19th century new versions of the story were written featuring different incidents. A number of theories continue to be advanced to explain the rhyme's historical origin.

Little Jack Horner
"Little Jack Horner" is a popular English nursery rhyme with the Roud Folk Song Index number 13027. First mentioned in the 18th century, it was early associated with acts of opportunism, particularly in politics. Moralists also rewrote and expanded the poem so as to counter its celebration of greediness. The name of Jack Horner also came to be applied to a completely different and older poem on a folkloric theme; and in the 19th century, it was claimed that the rhyme was originally composed in satirical reference to the dishonest actions of Thomas Horner in the Tudor period.
Boris Korneev (painter)
Boris Vasilievich Korneev (Russian: Бори́с Васи́льевич Корне́ев; 15 February 1922 – 24 December 1973) was a Soviet Russian painter and art teacher, Honored Artist of the Russian Federation, professor of the Leningrad Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture named after Ilya Repin, lived and worked in Leningrad, regarded as one of the major representatives of the Leningrad school of painting, most famous for his genre painting and portraits.

Olga Bogaevskaya
Olga Borisovna Bogaevskaya (Russian: О́льга Бори́совна Богае́вская; 25 October 1915 – 30 November 2000) was a Russian Soviet painter and graphic artist, who lived and worked in Saint Petersburg (formerly named Petrograd and Leningrad). She was a member of the Leningrad Union of Artists, regarded as one of the leading representatives of the Leningrad School of Painting.
Tellico River
The Tellico River is a river in the Blue Ridge Mountains of western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee. It rises in the westernmost mountains of North Carolina, and then flows through Monroe County, Tennessee, before joining the Little Tennessee River under the Tellico Reservoir. With a length of 52.8 miles (85.0 km), it is a major tributary of the Little Tennessee River, and is one of the primary streams draining the Unicoi Mountains.

The Tellico River and its main tributaries are renowned for their brook, brown, and rainbow trout fishing.  Upstream from Tellico Lake, above Tellico Plains, Tennessee, the Tellico is a premier trout stream.  It meanders through a mountain gorge before reaching the broad plains downstream of Tellico Plains.

Hiwassee River
The Hiwassee River is a 
147-mile (237 km) river in the states of 
Georgia, North Carolina, and Tennessee. It originates from a spring on the north slope of Rocky Mountain in Towns County in northern Georgia, then flows northward into North Carolina before turning westward into Tennessee; it joins the Tennessee River a few miles west of what is now State Route 58 in Meigs County, Tennessee.
Graphiurus
The African dormice (genus Graphiurus) are dormice that live throughout sub-Saharan Africa in a variety of habitats. They are very agile climbers and have bushy tails. They primarily eat invertebrates, with other components of their diet including small vertebrates,  fruit, nuts and eggs. They represent the most diverse living genus of dormice, making up half of all living species.

Taterillus
Taterillus is a genus of rodents. The species within this genus can only be reliably distinguished on the basis of karyotype, and not by external appearance.

The genus contains the following species:

Robbins's tateril (Taterillus arenarius)

Congo gerbil (Taterillus congicus)

Emin's gerbil (Taterillus emini)

Gracile tateril (Taterillus gracilis)

Harrington's gerbil (Taterillus harringtoni) – doubtfully distinct from T. emini, which has the same chromosome count.

Lake Chad gerbil (Taterillus lacustris)

Petter's gerbil (Taterillus petteri)

Senegal gerbil (Taterillus pygargus)

Tranieri's tateril (Taterillus tranieri)
East Prussia
East Prussia (German: Ostpreußen [ˈɔstˌpʁɔɪ̯sn̩] ⓘ) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1772 to 1829 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 1871); following World War I it formed part of the Weimar Republic's Free State of Prussia, until 1945. Its capital city was Königsberg (present-day Kaliningrad). East Prussia was the main part of the region of Prussia along the southeastern Baltic Coast.

Gusev, Kaliningrad Oblast
Gusev (Russian: Гу́сев; German: Gumbinnen; Lithuanian: Gumbinė; Polish: Gąbin) is a town and the administrative center of Gusevsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Pissa and Krasnaya Rivers, near the border with Poland and Lithuania, east of Chernyakhovsk. It is part of the historic region of Lithuania Minor. Population: 28,177 (2021 Census); 28,260 (2010 Census); 28,467 (2002 Census); 27,031 (1989 Soviet census).
Joy (singer)
Park Soo-young (Korean: 박수영; born September 3, 1996), better known by her stage name Joy, is a South Korean singer, actress, and host. She debuted as a member of South Korean girl group Red Velvet in August 2014. In 2017, Joy debuted as an actress and has had starring roles in the television dramas The Liar and His Lover (2017), Tempted (2018), The One and Only (2021), and Once Upon a Small Town (2022). In 2021, Joy officially debuted as a soloist with the release of her special album Hello.

Wendy (singer)
Shon Seung-wan (Korean: 손승완; born February 21, 1994), known professionally as Wendy (웬디), is a South Korean singer. She is a member of the South Korean girl group Red Velvet. In 2021, she made her solo debut with the EP Like Water. In 2022, she became a member of SM Entertainment's supergroup Got the Beat.

Apart from her music career, Wendy has made various television appearances, including as a panelist on the reality show We Got Married (2015–2016), Trick & True (2016–2017), being cast on comedy show Saturday Night Live Korea (2021), and hosting Mysterious Record Shop (2021). From 2021 to 2023, Wendy hosted the radio program Wendy's Youngstreet. She made her theatrical debut in the musical Rebecca in 2023 and in 2025, started the web show Today is Wendy.
Georgia State Route 144
State Route 144 (SR 144) is an 83.0-mile-long (133.6 km) state highway that travels in a west-to-east direction through portions of Appling, Tattnall, Long, Liberty, Bryan counties in the east-central of the U.S. state of Georgia. It connects Baxley with southeastern Bryan County.

Georgia State Route 121
Georgia State Route 121 (SR 121) is a 238-mile-long (383 km) state highway between Charlton County and Augusta. It is part of a long multi-state route beginning in Florida and ending in South Carolina.
Vladimir Seleznev
Vladimir Ivanovich Seleznev (Russian: Влади́мир Ива́нович Селезне́в; 3 August 1928 – 15 March 1991) was a Soviet Russian realist painter, lived and worked in Leningrad, member of the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation, regarded by art historian Sergei V. Ivanov as a representative of the Leningrad school of painting, most famous for his genre paintings and portraits.

Anna Kostrova
Anna Alexandrovna Kostrova (Russian: А́нна Алекса́ндровна Костро́ва; 22 November 1909 – 7 July 1994) was a Russian Soviet realist painter, graphic artist and book illustrator, who lived and worked in Leningrad. She was a member of the Leningrad Union of Artists, regarded as a representative of the Leningrad school of painting.