hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tactical air navigation system
A tactical air navigation system, commonly referred to by the acronym TACAN, is a navigation system initially designed for naval aircraft to acquire moving landing platforms (i.e., ships) and later expanded for use by other military aircraft. It provides the user with bearing and distance (slant-range or hypotenuse) to a ground or ship-borne station. It is, from an end-user perspective, a more accurate version of the VOR/DME system that provides bearing and range information for civil aviation. The DME portion of the TACAN system is available for civil use; at VORTAC facilities where a VOR is combined with a TACAN, civil aircraft can receive VOR/DME readings. Aircraft equipped with TACAN avionics can use this system for enroute navigation as well as non-precision approaches to landing fields. However, a TACAN-only equipped aircraft cannot receive bearing information from a VOR-only station.

Inertial navigation system
An inertial navigation system (INS; also inertial guidance system, inertial instrument) is a navigation device that uses motion sensors (accelerometers), rotation sensors (gyroscopes) and a computer to continuously calculate by dead reckoning the position, the orientation, and the velocity (direction and speed of movement) of a moving object without the need for external references. Often the inertial sensors are supplemented by a barometric altimeter and sometimes by magnetic sensors (magnetometers) and/or speed measuring devices. INSs are used on mobile robots and on vehicles such as ships, aircraft, submarines, guided missiles, and spacecraft. Older INS systems generally used an inertial platform as their mounting point to the vehicle and the terms are sometimes considered synonymous.
Royal Society of Literature
The Royal Society of Literature (RSL) is a learned society founded in 1820 by King George IV to "reward literary merit and excite literary talent". A charity that represents the voice of literature in the UK, the RSL has about 800 Fellows, elected from among the best writers in any genre currently at work. Additionally, Honorary Fellows are chosen from those who have made a significant contribution to the advancement of literature, including publishers, agents, librarians, booksellers or producers. The society is a cultural tenant at London's Somerset House. The RSL is an independent charity and relies on the support of its Members, Patrons, Fellows and friends to continue its work.

Benson Medal
The Benson Medal is a medal awarded by the Royal Society of Literature in the UK.

It was founded in 1916 by A. C. Benson, who was a Fellow of the Society, to honour those who produce "meritorious works in poetry, fiction, history, and belles-lettres". The medal has been awarded several times to writers in other languages, and is occasionally awarded to those who are not writers, but who have done conspicuous service to literature.

The medal is awarded at irregular intervals for lifelong achievement. Recipients include:

Stella Benson (no relation),
Edmund Blunden,
Anita Desai,
Maureen Duffy,
E. M. Forster,
Christopher Fry,
John Gawsworth,
Nadine Gordimer,
Philip Larkin,
R. K. Narayan
A. L. Rowse,
George Santayana,
Wole Soyinka,
Lytton Strachey,
SuAndi,
J. R. R. Tolkien, 
Helen Waddell and
Rebecca West.

In November 2020, the new design for the medal by Linda Crook was unveiled. The design includes books on one side, and people on the other.
Dungeons & Dragons (1974)
The original Dungeons & Dragons (commonly abbreviated D&D) boxed set by Gary Gygax and Dave Arneson was published by Tactical Studies Rules in 1974. It included the original edition of the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game. Its product designation was TSR 2002.

Greyhawk (supplement)
Greyhawk is a rules supplement written by Gary Gygax and Robert J. Kuntz and published for the original edition of the Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) fantasy role-playing game. It has been called "the first and most important supplement" to the original D&D rules. Although the name of the book was taken from the home campaign supervised by Gygax and Kuntz based on Gygax's imagined Castle Greyhawk and the lands surrounding it, Greyhawk did not give any details of the castle or the campaign world; instead, it explained the rules that Gygax and Kuntz used in their home campaign, and introduced a number of character classes, spells, concepts and monsters used in all subsequent editions of D&D.
Kalmia latifolia
Kalmia latifolia, the mountain laurel, calico-bush, or spoonwood, is a flowering plant and one of the 10 species in the genus of Kalmia belonging to the heath(er) family Ericaceae. It is native to the eastern United States. Its range stretches from southern Maine to northern Florida, and west to Indiana and Louisiana. Mountain laurel is the state flower of Connecticut and Pennsylvania. It is the namesake of Laurel County in Kentucky, the city of Laurel, Mississippi, and the Laurel Highlands in southwestern Pennsylvania.

Fagus grandifolia
Fagus grandifolia, the American beech or North American beech, is a species of tree growing to 16–35 meters (52–115 feet) tall. It is one of two beech species native to North America, the other occurring in Mexico. It flourished over most of the continent prior to the last ice age, but is now limited to the east. The tree is shade tolerant and found in forests in the final stage of succession.

The nuts are eaten by animals and humans. The leaves and inner bark can be prepared as well.
Kel Nagle
Kelvin David George Nagle AM (21 December 1920 – 29 January 2015) was an Australian professional golfer best known for winning The Open Championship in 1960. He won at least one tournament each year from 1949 to 1975.

Ossie Pickworth
Horace Henry Alfred "Ossie" Pickworth (17 January 1918 – 23 September 1969) was an Australian professional golfer. He won three successive Australian Open titles from 1946 to 1948, the last of which came in a playoff against Jim Ferrier.
Potito Starace
Potito Starace (Italian pronunciation: [poˈtiːto staˈraːtʃe]; born 14 July 1981) is an Italian former professional tennis player on the ATP Tour. He achieved a career-high singles ranking of world no. 27 on October 15, 2007. He was a clay court specialist, and was coached by Umberto Rianna.

Starace was banned from tennis for life by the Italian Tennis Federation and by the Tennis Integrity Unit for betting offences.

Gilles Simon
Gilles Simon (French pronunciation: [ʒil si.mɔ̃]; born 27 December 1984) is a French former tennis player. He turned professional in 2002 and won fourteen singles titles on the ATP Tour, and attained a career-high ATP singles ranking of No. 6, on 5 January 2009.
USCGC Point Welcome
USCGC Point Welcome (WPB-82329) was an 82-foot (25 m) Point-class cutter constructed at the Coast Guard Yard at Curtis Bay, Maryland in 1961 for use as a law enforcement and search and rescue patrol boat.

Coast Guard policy in 1962 was not to name cutters under 100 feet (30 m) in length, so she was designated as WPB-82329 when commissioned and renamed Point Welcome in January 1964 when the Coast Guard began naming cutters longer than 65 feet (20 m). She was notable for being the victim of a friendly fire incident during the Vietnam War.

USCGC Point Orient
USCGC Point Orient (WPB-82319) was an 82-foot (25 m) Point class cutter constructed at the Coast Guard Yard at Curtis Bay, Maryland in 1961 for use as a law enforcement and search and rescue patrol boat. Since the Coast Guard policy in 1961 was not to name cutters under 100 feet (30 m) in length, it was designated as WPB-82319 when commissioned and acquired the name Point Orient in January 1964 when the Coast Guard started naming all cutters longer than 65-foot (20 m) .
Yehudi Menuhin
Yehudi Menuhin, Baron Menuhin (22 April 1916 – 12 March 1999), was an American-born British violinist and conductor who spent most of his performing career in Britain. He is widely considered one of the greatest violinists of the 20th century.

Fritz Kreisler
Friedrich "Fritz" Kreisler (February 2, 1875 – January 29, 1962) was an Austrian-born American violinist and composer. One of the most noted violin masters of his day, he was known for his sweet tone and expressive phrasing, with marked portamento and rubato. Like many great violinists of his generation, he produced a characteristic sound which was immediately recognizable as his own. Although it derived in many respects from the Franco-Belgian school, his style is nonetheless reminiscent of the gemütlich (cozy) lifestyle of pre-war Vienna.
2025 AMA Supercross Championship
The 2025 AMA Supercross Championship was the 52nd season of off-road stadium motorcycle racing in the United States.

Comprising 17 rounds, the series ran from January until May, crowning supercross champions in both the 250cc and 450cc classes, concluding with the Salt Lake City round on May 10. Jett Lawrence went into the season as the reigning champion in the premier 450SX class.

The series formed the first part of the 2025 SuperMotocross World Championship.

2025 AMA National Motocross Championship
The 2025 AMA Motocross Championship season was the 54th AMA Motocross National Championship season, the premier motocross series in USA.

Chase Sexton was the defending champion in the 450 class, after winning the title in 2024. Sexton was unable to defend his title after missing part of the season due to an injury sustained at the opening round. Jett Lawrence won all but two rounds of the series to take his second premier class title.

In the 250 class, Haiden Deegan was the defending champion. Deegan was able to successfully defend his championship, taking thirteen race wins and seven overall victories.

The championship formed the second part of the 2025 SuperMotocross World Championship season.
Tilburg
Tilburg (Dutch: [ˈtɪlbʏr(ə)x] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the Netherlands, in the southern province of North Brabant. With a population of 229,833 (January 2, 2024), it is the second-largest city or municipality in North Brabant after Eindhoven and the seventh-largest in the Netherlands.

Tilburg University is located in Tilburg, as are Avans University of Applied Sciences and Fontys University of Applied Sciences.

There are three railway stations within the municipality: Tilburg, Tilburg Universiteit and Tilburg Reeshof. The 75-hectare (185-acre) "Spoorzone" area around Tilburg Central station, once a Dutch Railways train maintenance yard, has been purchased by the city and is being transformed into an urban zone.

Helmond
Helmond (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦɛlmɔnt] ⓘ; called Hèllemond in the local dialect) is a city and municipality in the Metropoolregio Eindhoven of the province of North Brabant in the Southern Netherlands.

Helmond is home to several textile and metal companies. The Vlisco factory is located next to the Zuid-Willemsvaart canal, which runs through the city.

The spoken language is Helmonds (an East Brabantian dialect).
Greene County, Alabama
Greene County is a county located in the west central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,730, the least populous county in Alabama. Its county seat is Eutaw. It was named in honor of Revolutionary War General Nathanael Greene of Rhode Island.

As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 81% African American, making it the fourth-most heavily black county by proportion in the United States, and the most black county among all counties located outside of the state of Mississippi. It is documented as one of the unhealthiest counties in the United States, with a population with an obesity percentage of 46.3 percent, the highest of any county in the state, and second to only Claiborne County in the western portion of neighboring Mississippi. The life expectancy there is 74.9 years, over 2 years lower than the national average.

Lowndes County, Alabama
Lowndes County is in the central part of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 10,311. Its county seat is Hayneville. The county is named in honor of William Lowndes, a member of the United States Congress from South Carolina.

Lowndes County is part of the Montgomery, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area. Historically it has been considered part of the Black Belt, known for its fertile soil, cotton plantations, and a high number of African American workers, enslaved and later freed.
Thom Hartmann
Thomas Carl Hartmann (born May 7, 1951) is an American radio personality, author, businessman, and progressive political commentator.  Hartmann has been hosting a nationally syndicated radio show, The Thom Hartmann Program, since 2003 and hosted a nightly television show, The Big Picture, between 2010 and 2017.

Randi Rhodes
Randi Joyce Robertson (née Bueten; born January 28, 1958), better known by her air name Randi Rhodes, is an American progressive political commentator, activist and talk radio host. The Randi Rhodes Show is live streamed having been previously broadcast nationally on Air America Radio, Nova M Radio, and Premiere Radio Networks.
Boris Shamanov
Boris Ivanovich Shamanov (Russian: Бори́с Ива́нович Шама́нов; September 15, 1931 – March 1, 2008) was a Soviet Russian realist painter, graphic artist, and art teacher, People's Artist of the Russian Federation, who lived and worked in Saint Petersburg. He was a member of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists (before 1992 named as the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation), and regarded as one of the representatives of the Leningrad school of painting.

Oleg Lomakin
Oleg Leonidovich Lomakin (Russian: Оле́г Леони́дович Лома́кин; 29 August 1924 – 25 March 2010) was a Russian Soviet realist painter, Honored Artist of the RSFSR, who lived and worked in Saint Petersburg (former Leningrad). He was regarded as one of the major representatives of the Leningrad school of painting.
Echigo Line
The Echigo Line (越後線, Echigo-sen) is a railway line operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) which connects the cities of Kashiwazaki and Niigata in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. The line's name is taken from the name of the ancient Echigo Province, which corresponds to most of modern-day Niigata Prefecture.

Kashiwazaki Station
Kashiwazaki Station (柏崎駅, Kashiwazaki-eki) is a railway station in the city of Kashiwazaki, Niigata, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It is also a freight terminal for the Japan Freight Railway Company.
Hershel Schachter
Hershel Schachter (born (1941-07-28)July 28, 1941) is an American Orthodox rabbi, posek, and rosh yeshiva at the Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary (RIETS), part of Yeshiva University in New York City.

Schachter is a halakhic advisor to the Orthodox Union and has rendered notable decisions in a number of contemporary topic areas.

Mordechai Willig
HaRav Mordechai Yitzchak HaLevi Willig (born April 25, 1947; 5th of Iyyar, 5707 on the Hebrew calendar) is an Orthodox rabbi and rosh yeshiva at Yeshiva University in Washington Heights, Manhattan. He is often known to his students as the Ramu (רמ"ו‎), the hebrew acronym of his name.
Kauaʻi
Kauaʻi, sometimes written Kauai, is one of the main Hawaiian Islands. It has an area of 562.3 square miles (1,456.4 km2), making it the fourth-largest of the islands and the 21st-largest island in the United States. Kauaʻi is 73 miles (117 km) northwest of Oʻahu, across the Kauaʻi Channel. The island's 2020 population was 73,298.

Styling itself the "Garden Isle", Kauaʻi is the site of Waimea Canyon State Park and Nā Pali Coast State Park. It forms the bulk of Kauaʻi County, which includes Niʻihau as well as the small nearby islands of Kaʻula and Lehua.

Hanalei, Hawaii
Hanalei is a census-designated place (CDP) in Kauaʻi County, Hawaii, United States. The population was estimated at 299 as of 2019. Hanalei means "lei making" in Hawaiian. Alternatively, the name Hanalei also means "crescent bay" and may be indicative of the shape of Hanalei Bay. Hanalei can also be translated as lei valley, referring to the rainbows that color the valley and encircle Hanalei like a wreath.
Azencross
The Azencross is a cyclo-cross race held in Loenhout village, Wuustwezel, Belgium. The race has been organized since 1984 and is named after the cycling race Critérium des As in Paris. During 1987-1992 and 2001-2021 the race was part of the Cyclo-cross Trophy series, except for the 2020 edition which was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. During 1993-1995 the race was part of UCI Cyclo-cross World Cup. Since 2022 the race has been part of the Exact Cross series.

In 1998 the Azencross became the first Belgian cyclo-cross race to organize a race for women. Daphny van den Brand won that race.

Azencross was the first cyclo-cross event that introduced a 'washboard' (wasbord in Dutch), which is a section of the circuit consisting of several successive bumps.

Krawatencross
The Krawatencross is a cyclo-cross race held in Lille, Belgium. It is held in the Lilse Bergen on the sandy edge of a bathing lake. The first edition was held in 1992, and it has been held every year as part of the Cyclo-cross Trophy, except in 2004 and 2016 when Belgian National Cyclo-cross Championships were held in Lille.

The literal translation of the name is Cyclo-cross of the Croats, which refers to a local historical event from the 17th century involving the Croat cavalry.
Cartoon Network (Latin America)
Cartoon Network is a Latin American pay television channel distributed by Warner Bros. Discovery for the Latin American audience and the Caribbean. It is the Latin American version of the original Cartoon Network television channel in the United States. It is divided into three feeds: two are in Spanish (Mexico/Pan-Latin America and Caribbean), and the other is in Portuguese for Brazil. The feeds have different schedules.

It primarily airs cartoons and animated programming, marketed towards children and adolescents. Operated in Argentina by Warner Bros. Discovery Americas, it began broadcasting on April 30, 1993.

Tooncast
Tooncast is a Latin American pay television channel owned by Warner Bros. Discovery through its International division. It was launched on December 1, 2008; its programming consists of classical animation, both from Hanna-Barbera, Warner Bros. Animation and Cartoon Network. The channel is a commercial-free service.
Palimpsest
In textual studies, a palimpsest (/ˈpælɪmpsɛst/) is a manuscript page, either from a scroll or a book, from which the text has been scraped or washed off in preparation for reuse in the form of another document. Parchment was made of lamb, calf, or goat skin and was expensive and not readily available, so, in the interest of economy, a page was often re-used by scraping off the previous writing. In colloquial usage, the term palimpsest is also used in architecture, archaeology and geomorphology to denote an object made or worked upon for one purpose and later reused for another; for example, a monumental brass on which the blank reverse side has been re-engraved.

Papyrus
Papyrus (/pəˈpaɪrəs/ pə-PY-rəs) is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing material. It was made from the pith of the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus, a wetland sedge. Papyrus (plural: papyri or papyruses) can also refer to a document written on sheets of such material, joined side by side and rolled up into a scroll, an early form of a book.

Papyrus was first known to have been used in Egypt (at least as far back as the First Dynasty), as the papyrus plant was once abundant across the Nile Delta. It was also used throughout the Mediterranean region. Apart from writing material, ancient Egyptians employed papyrus in the construction of other artifacts, such as reed boats, mats, rope, sandals, and baskets.
Danu people
The Danu people (Burmese: ဓနု) are a government-recognized ethnic group in Myanmar, predominantly populating the areas near the Pindaya Caves in Shan State. They speak the Danu language, which is closely related to Burmese.

Pa'O people
The Pa'O (Pa'o Karen: ပအိုဝ်ႏလိုꩻမျိုꩻ; Burmese: ပအိုဝ်းလူမျိုး, IPA: [pəo̰ lùmjóʊ], or တောင်သူ; Shan: ပဢူဝ်း; Eastern Poe Karen: တံင်သူ; S'gaw Karen: တီသူ; also spelt Pa-O or Paoh) are an ethnic minority living in Myanmar, with a population of ~812,000 accounting for approximately 13.4% of the total population in Shan State.

Other names of the Pa-O include PAOH, PaU,
Alexander III of Imereti
Alexander III (Georgian: ალექსანდრე III; 1609 – 1 March 1660), was a Georgian king (mepe) of the Bagrationi dynasty, who reigned as king of Imereti in Western Georgia from 1639 to 1660.

Locked in power struggle with his regional rivals for several decades, Alexander allied himself with the Tsardom of Russia in order to gain an upper hand, but with little success. Ultimately, Alexander was able to establish control over the entirety of Western Georgia on his own, restoring some of Imereti's lost prestige; however, this consolidation proved relatively short lived. By the time of Alexander death in 1660, Western Georgia had reverted back to the state of internal struggles and instability, which had become characteristic of Georgia as a whole following the collapse of the Georgian realm.

Bagrat V of Imereti
Bagrat V (Georgian: ბაგრატ V) (1620–1681), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was a king (mepe) of Imereti, whose troubled reign in the years of 1660–61, 1663–68, 1669–78, and 1679–81, was marked by extreme instability and feudal anarchy in the kingdom.
Kaoru (wrestler)
Kaoru Maeda (前田 薫, Maeda Kaoru; born February 9, 1969) is a Japanese retired professional wrestler better known by the ring name Kaoru (stylized in all capital letters as KAORU). Billed as the "Original Hardcore Queen", she is known for her wrestling style, which combines high-flying with hardcore wrestling. Trained by the All Japan Women's Pro-Wrestling (AJW) promotion, Maeda worked in both Japan and Mexico in the late 80s and early 90s, before making her breakthrough in the Gaea Japan promotion, where she most notably was a founding member of the D-Fix stable. After the folding of Gaea Japan in 2005, Maeda became a freelancer, though closely affiliating herself with the Oz Academy promotion. After returning from a three-year-long injury break in March 2014, Maeda resumed working as a freelancer, before signing with the new Marvelous promotion in January 2015.

Sonoko Kato
Sonoko Kato (加藤 園子, Katō Sonoko; born June 11, 1976) is a Japanese retired professional wrestler. She made her debut in April 1995, working for Gaea Japan, where she became one half of the inaugural AAAW Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Champions. After becoming a two-time winner of the High Spurt 600 Tournament, Kato's career came to a halt following multiple injuries. After being sidelined for five years, Kato returned to the ring in October 2006, following the folding of Gaea Japan, and found a new home in the Oz Academy promotion, where she is a former two-time Oz Academy Openweight Champion and seven-time Oz Academy Tag Team Champion. Kato has also wrestled in the US for World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and in Mexico for Lucha Libre AAA World Wide (AAA).