hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Siffin
The Battle of Siffin (Arabic: مَعْرَكَة صِفِّينَ, romanized: Maʿraka Ṣiffīn) was fought in 657 CE (37 AH) between the Iraqi Arab forces of the fourth Rashidun caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib and the Syrian Arab forces of the rebelling long-time governor of the Levant, Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan. The battle is named after its location Siffin on the banks of the Euphrates river. The fighting stopped after the Syrians called for arbitration when Ali's forces had gained the upper hand, to which Ali reluctantly agreed under pressure from some of his troops. The arbitration process ended inconclusively in 658 though it strengthened the Syrians' support for Mu'awiya and his political position while weakening the authority of Ali and causing dissension among the Iraqis. The battle was part of the First Fitna and is considered a major step towards the establishment of the Umayyad Caliphate.

Assassination of Uthman
Uthman ibn Affan, the third Rashidun caliph, who ruled from 644 to 656, was assassinated at the end of a siege upon his house in 656. This was initially a protest but escalated into a siege following the death of a protester. The protesters-turned-rebels had demanded a new caliph, which Uthman refused. On 17 June 656 (35 AH) protestors set the house on fire, made their way inside, and killed him.

The assassination of Uthman had a polarizing effect on the Ummah at the time. Questions were raised not only regarding his character and policies but also the relationship between Muslims and the state, religious beliefs regarding rebellion and governance, and the qualifications of rulership in Islam.
Founders Fund
Founders Fund is an American venture capital fund formed in 2005 and based in San Francisco. The fund has roughly $17 billion in total assets under management as of 2025. Founders Fund was the first institutional investor in Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX) and Palantir Technologies, and an early investor in Facebook. The firm's partners have been founders, early employees and investors at companies including PayPal, Palantir Technologies, Anduril Industries and SpaceX.

The firm's investments include Airbnb, Anduril, DeepMind, Rippling, Facebook, Ramp, Palantir Technologies, Pudgy Penguins, SpaceX, Spotify, Stripe, Neuralink, and Nubank.

Notable partners include Peter Thiel, Trae Stephens, and Mike Solana. Former partners include Brian Singerman, Keith Rabois, Cyan Banister, Ken Howery, Kevin Hartz, Sean Parker, and Bruce Gibney.

Khosla Ventures
Khosla Ventures is a private American venture capital firm based in Menlo Park, California. It was founded by entrepreneur Vinod Khosla in 2004 and as of 2021 had approximately US$15 billion in assets under management.

The firm works with early-stage companies in the Internet, computing, mobile technology, artificial intelligence, financial services, agriculture, healthcare and clean technology sectors. It is known for making early capital investments in startups such as Impossible Foods, Instacart, Affirm, DoorDash, Square and OpenAI.
2C-G-3
2C-G-3, also known as 2,5-dimethoxy-3,4-(trimethylene)phenethylamine, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and 2C families. It is the derivative of 2C-G (2C-G-0) in which the 3,4-dimethyl groups have been connected via an additional carbon atom to form a cyclopentane ring attached to the benzene ring and hence has a dihydroindene ring system.

In his 1991 book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved) and other publications, Alexander Shulgin lists 2C-G-3's dose as 16 to 25 mg orally and its duration as 12 to 24 hours. The effects of 2C-G-3 were reported to include "lots of LSD-like sparkles", easier communication, impairment, and social avoidance, among others. One report remarked that it was "marvelous".

The chemical synthesis of 2C-G-3 has been described.

The drug was first described in the literature by Shulgin in PiHKAL in 1991. It is a controlled substance in Canada under phenethylamine blanket-ban language.

2C-G-5
2C-G-5, also known as 3,4-norbornyl-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and 2C families. It is one of several homologues of 2C-G (3,4-dimethyl-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine). The drug is taken orally. 2C-G-5 was encountered online as a novel designer drug in 2025.
Solenodon
Solenodons (/soʊˈlɛnədɒnz/; from Ancient Greek σωλήν (sōlḗn), meaning "channel, pipe", and ὀδούς (odoús), meaning "tooth") are venomous, nocturnal, burrowing, insectivorous mammals belonging to the family Solenodontidae /soʊˌlɛnəˈdɒntɪdiː/. The two living solenodon species are the Cuban solenodon (Atopogale cubana) and the Hispaniolan solenodon (Solenodon paradoxus). Threats to both species include habitat destruction and predation by non-native cats, dogs, and mongooses, introduced by humans to the solenodons' home islands to control snakes and rodents.

The Hispaniolan solenodon covers a wide range of habitats on the island of Hispaniola from lowland dry forest to highland pine forest. Two other described species became extinct during the Quaternary period. Oligocene North American genera, such as Apternodus, have been suggested as relatives of Solenodon, but the origins of the animal remain obscure.

Nesophontes
Nesophontes, sometimes called West Indies shrews, is the sole genus of the extinct, monotypic mammal family Nesophontidae in the order Eulipotyphla. These animals were small insectivores, about 5 to 15 cm long, with a long, slender snout, head and long tail. They were endemic to the Greater Antilles (except Jamaica), Cuba, Hispaniola (now the Dominican Republic and Haiti), Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, and the Cayman Islands.
Wolfram Mathematica
Wolfram Mathematica (also known as Mathematica) is a software system with built-in libraries for several areas of technical computing that allows machine learning, statistics, symbolic computation, data manipulation, network analysis, time series analysis, NLP, optimization, plotting functions and various types of data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other programming languages. It was conceived by Stephen Wolfram, and is developed by Wolfram Research of Champaign, Illinois. The Wolfram Language is the programming language used in Mathematica. Mathematica 1.0 was released on June 23, 1988 in Champaign, Illinois and Santa Clara, California. Mathematica's Wolfram Language is fundamentally based on Lisp; for example, the Mathematica command Most is identically equal to the Lisp command butlast.

IDL (programming language)
IDL, short for Interactive Data Language, is a programming language used for data analysis.  It is popular in particular areas of science, such as astronomy, atmospheric physics and medical imaging. IDL shares a common syntax with PV-Wave and originated from the same codebase, though the languages have subsequently diverged in detail. There are also free or costless implementations, such as GNU Data Language (GDL) and Fawlty Language (FL).
Nadia Nerina
Nadia Nerina (21 October 1927 – 6 October 2008) was a South African dancer who was "one of the most gifted, versatile, and inspiring ballerinas of The Royal Ballet" during the 1950s and 1960s. She was known "for her technical virtuosity, lightness afoot, effortless-seeming jumps, and joyful charm onstage, especially in comedic roles."

Alexander Grant (dancer)
Alexander Marshall Grant CBE (22 February 1925 – 30 September 2011) was a New Zealand ballet dancer, teacher, and company director. After moving to London as a young man, he became known as "the Royal Ballet's most remarkable actor-dancer in its golden period from the 1940s to the 1960s."
United States Secretary of the Navy
The secretary of the Navy (SECNAV) is a statutory officer (10 U.S.C. § 8013) and the head (chief executive officer) of the Department of the Navy, a military department within the United States Department of Defense. On March 25, 2025, John Phelan was confirmed as Secretary of the Navy.

By law, the secretary of the Navy must be a civilian at least seven years removed from active military service (10 U.S.C. § 8013). The secretary is appointed by the president and requires confirmation by the Senate.

William E. Chandler
William Eaton Chandler (December 28, 1835 – November 30, 1917), also known as Bill Chandler, was a lawyer who served as United States Secretary of the Navy and as a U.S. Senator from New Hampshire. In the 1880s, he was a member of the Republican "Half-Breed" faction, the wing of the party which advocated civil service reform. His credentials were established as moderate in comparison to most of the Republican Party, particularly in his opposition towards sound money.

Chandler, who continued to advocate civil rights following the end of Reconstruction, criticized the policies of President Rutherford B. Hayes, whose actions pertaining to the South he viewed as too lenient. Chandler started the U.S. Naval resurgence and the precedent of the U.S. Navy being constructed with modern steel ships.
Finno-Ugric languages
Finno-Ugric (/ˌfɪnoʊˈjuːɡrɪk, -ˈuː-/) is a traditional linguistic grouping of all languages in the Uralic language family except for the Samoyedic languages. Its once commonly accepted status as a subfamily of Uralic is based on criteria formulated in the 19th century and is criticized by contemporary linguists such as Tapani Salminen and Ante Aikio. The three most spoken Uralic languages, Hungarian, Finnish, and Estonian, are all included in Finno-Ugric.

The term Finno-Ugric, which originally referred to the entire family, is occasionally used as a synonym for the term Uralic, which includes the Samoyedic languages, as commonly happens when a language family is expanded with further discoveries. Before the 20th century, the language family might be referred to as Finnish, Ugric, Finno-Hungarian or with a variety of other names. The name Finno-Ugric came into general use in the late 19th or early 20th century.

Mansi people
The Mansi (Mansi: Мāньси / Мāньси мāхум, Māńsi / Māńsi māhum, [ˈmaːnʲsʲi, ˈmaːnʲsʲi ˈmaːxʊm]) are an Ob-Ugric Indigenous people living in Khanty–Mansia, an autonomous okrug within Tyumen Oblast in Russia. In Khanty–Mansia, the Khanty and Mansi languages have co-official status with Russian. The Mansi language is one of the postulated Ugric languages of the Uralic family. The Mansi people were formerly known as the Voguls.

Together with the Khanty people, the Mansi are politically represented by the Association to Save Yugra, an organisation founded during Perestroika in the late 1980s. This organisation was among the first regional indigenous associations in Russia.
Chew Chor Meng
Chew Chor Meng (born 20 November 1968) is a Singaporean actor, television host and businessman. He is one of the first batch of actors to receive the Star Awards for All-Time Favourite Artiste in 2004.

Huang Wenyong
Huang Wenyong (25 July 1952 – 20 April 2013) was a Malaysia-born Singaporean actor, host and teacher.

Huang died at the Singapore General Hospital at around 5 pm (GMT+8) on 20 April 2013, at the age of 60 due to lymphoma.
Brett Dalton
Brett Patrick Dalton (born January 7, 1983) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Grant Ward and therefore Hive in ABC's series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., as well as Detective Mark Trent in the NBC procedural drama series Found, and Michael "Mike" Munroe in the 2015 video game Until Dawn. He also provided the voice and motion capture for Freyr in God of War: Ragnarök (2022).

B. J. Britt
B. J. Britt (born April 20, 1982) is an American actor best known for his role as Antoine "Trip" Triplett on Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., set within the Marvel Cinematic Universe. He is also known for his roles as Paul Patterson Jr. on Being Mary Jane, Darius Beck on Unreal and Will Baker on Pitch.
Jack DeJohnette
Jack DeJohnette (August 9, 1942 – October 26, 2025) was an American jazz drummer, pianist and composer. Known for his extensive work as leader and sideman for musicians including Charles Lloyd, Freddie Hubbard, Keith Jarrett, Bill Evans, John Abercrombie, Ralph Towner, Alice Coltrane, Sonny Rollins, Miles Davis, Joe Henderson, Michael Brecker, Pat Metheny, Herbie Hancock, and John Scofield, DeJohnette was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 2007. He won two Grammy Awards and was nominated for six others. The Times said that as a drummer "few could rival his virtuosity or his dynamism". He recorded more than 35 albums under his own name as a band leader.

Joe Lovano
Joseph Salvatore Lovano (born December 29, 1952) is an American jazz multi-instrumentalist. Though best known as a tenor saxophonist, Lovano has also recorded on alto clarinet, flute and drums, amongst other instruments.  He has earned a Grammy Award and several mentions in Down Beat magazine's critics' & readers' polls. His wife is singer Judi Silvano, with whom he records and performs. Lovano was a longtime member of the late drummer Paul Motian‘s trio alongside guitarist Bill Frisell.
UAAP Season 74
UAAP Season 74 was the 2011–2012 athletic year of the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP). It was hosted by Ateneo de Manila University. The men's basketball and the women's volleyball tournaments were aired by ABS-CBN Channel 2 and Studio 23 (the men's basketball games are simulcast over DZSR Sports Radio 918) for the twelfth consecutive year. The opening ceremony was held on July 9, 2011 at the Marikina Sports Center.

UAAP Season 75
UAAP Season 75 was the 2012–2013 athletic year of the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP). The season's theme was "Unbreakable at 75" in relation to the league's diamond year. It was hosted by National University.

The men's basketball and the women's volleyball tournaments have been aired by ABS-CBN Channel 2 and Studio 23, the former for the thirteenth consecutive year and the latter since Season 69.

This season, the men's football and women's softball both became a seven-school tournament. National University made a comeback in these two events. NU was participating in these two events in the 1940s up to the 1950s. NU also fielded for the first time men's and women's teams in Taekwondo to also make these events a seven-school tournament. As seven-school tournaments, men's football and women's softball will now include the Final 4 in its format.
2Baba
Innocent Ujah Idibia MON (Listenⓘ; born 18 September 1975), known by his stage name 2Baba  and formerly as 2Face Idibia, is a Nigerian singer-songwriter, record producer and philanthropist known for his solo debut album, Face 2 Face (2004). He is regarded as one of the "most influential" and greatest Afrobeats artists of all time following his contributions to Nigerian pop music in the 2000s.

2Baba won the MTV Europe Music Award for Best African Act in 2005. In 2019, he collaborated with Cobhams Asuquo and Timi Dakolo to release a song raising awareness for children's rights. In 2025, Billboard ranked his song "African Queen" No. 1 on their list of the best Afrobeats songs of all time.

D'banj
Oladapo Daniel Oyebanjo (listenⓘ; born 9 June 1980), known professionally as D'banj (/dəˈbændʒ/ də-BANJ), is a Nigerian singer, rapper, music executive, event host and television personality. Often regarded as one of the greatest African and Afrobeats artistes of all time, he signed with American rapper Kanye West's record label GOOD Music to release his 2012 single "Oliver Twist", an uptempo dance fusion of EDM and Afrobeats for which he became best known. With record producer Don Jazzy, he co-founded the record label Mo' Hits Records. His stage name is a combination of his first name, Dapo, and his surname, Oyebanjo.
2008–09 Serbian SuperLiga
The 2008–09 Serbian SuperLiga (known as the Jelen SuperLiga for sponsorship reasons) was the third season of the league since its establishment in 2006. It began on 16 August 2008 and ended on 30 May 2009. Partizan successfully defended their title.

2009–10 Serbian SuperLiga
The 2009–10 Serbian SuperLiga (known as the Jelen SuperLiga for sponsorship reasons) is the fourth season of the SuperLiga since its establishment in 2006. It began on 15 August 2009 and ended on 16 May 2010. A total of sixteen teams contested the league, with Partizan the defending champions.
44th (East Essex) Regiment of Foot
The 44th Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment in the British Army, raised in 1741. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 56th (West Essex) Regiment of Foot to form the Essex Regiment in 1881.

42nd Regiment of Foot
The 42nd (Royal Highland) Regiment of Foot was a Scottish infantry regiment in the British Army also known as the Black Watch. Originally titled Crawford's Highlanders or the Highland Regiment (mustered 1739) and numbered 43rd in the line, in 1748, on the disbanding of Oglethorpe's Regiment of Foot, they were renumbered 42nd, and in 1751 formally titled the 42nd (Highland) Regiment of Foot. The 42nd Regiment was one of the first three Highland Regiments to fight in North America, along with the 77th and 78th Regiments. The unit was honoured with the name Royal Highland Regiment in 1758. Its informal name Black Watch became official in 1861. In 1881, the regiment was amalgamated with 73rd (Perthshire) Regiment of Foot under the Childers Reforms into The Royal Highland Regiment (The Black Watch), being officially redesignated The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) in 1931. In 2006, the Black Watch became part of the Royal Regiment of Scotland.
German torpedo boat Wolf
Wolf was the second of six Type 24 torpedo boats built for the German Navy (initially called the Reichsmarine and then renamed as the Kriegsmarine in 1935) during the 1920s. The boat made multiple non-intervention patrols during the Spanish Civil War in the late 1930s.  During World War II, she played a minor role in the occupation of Bergen during the Norwegian Campaign of April 1940. Wolf escorted minelayers once as they laid minefields in late April before beginning a refit that lasted until August. She was transferred to France around September and conducted offensive patrols in the English Channel as well as laying minefields herself. The ship struck a mine and was sunk returning from one such mission in January 1941.

German torpedo boat Leopard
Leopard was the fifth of six Type 24 torpedo boats built for the German Navy (initially called the Reichsmarine and then renamed as the Kriegsmarine in 1935) during the 1920s. The boat made multiple non-intervention patrols during the Spanish Civil War in the late 1930s. During World War II, she played a minor role in the occupation of Bergen during the Norwegian Campaign of April 1940. Leopard was sunk at the end of the month when she was accidentally rammed by a minelayer that she was escorting.
Puma King
Puma King (born July 6, 1990) is a Mexican Luchador enmascarado, or masked professional wrestler working with Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA), but also as a freelancer in many Mexican promotions such as Lucha Memes, MexaWrestling and many more.

He is best known for his time working for the Mexico City-based professional wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL). Puma frequently teams with his brother, luchador Tiger. Puma's real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans. He is part of the Casas wrestling family, son of El Felino, using a ring character and a mask very similar to his father and has been trained by his uncle, professional wrestler Negro Casas.

Skándalo
Skándalo (born January 7, 1982, in Mexico City, Mexico) is a Mexican luchador enmascarado, or masked professional wrestler currently working for the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) portraying a rudo ("bad guy") wrestling character. Skándalo's real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans. He has revealed that he is the son of Juan Manuel Mar, who is part of CMLL's booking team.
List of drugs: C
This multi-page article lists pharmaceutical drugs alphabetically by name. Many drugs have more than one name and, therefore, the same drug may be listed more than once. Brand names and  generic names are differentiated by capitalizing brand names.

See also the list of the top 100 bestselling branded drugs, ranked by sales.

Abbreviations are used in the list as follows:

INN = International nonproprietary name

BAN = British Approved Name

USAN = United States Adopted Name

Two-letter codes for countries

Lists of drugs
1–9 |
A | B |
C | D |
E | F |
G | H |
I | J |
K | L |
M | N |
O | P |
Q | R |
S | T |
U | V |
W | X |
Y | Z

Ca | Cb–Ce | Cf–Ch | Ci | Cj–Cl | Cm–Co | Cp–Cz

List of drugs: L
This multi-page article lists pharmaceutical drugs alphabetically by name. Many drugs have more than one name and, therefore, the same drug may be listed more than once. Brand names and  generic names are differentiated by capitalizing brand names.

See also the list of the top 100 bestselling branded drugs, ranked by sales.

Abbreviations are used in the list as follows:

INN = International nonproprietary name

BAN = British Approved Name

USAN = United States Adopted Name

Two-letter codes for countries

Lists of drugs
1–9 |
A | B |
C | D |
E | F |
G | H |
I | J |
K | L |
M | N |
O | P |
Q | R |
S | T |
U | V |
W | X |
Y | Z

La | Le | Lf–Ln | Lo | Ls–Ly
New Zealand national netball team
The New Zealand national netball team, commonly known as the Silver Ferns (Māori: Rau Hiriwā or Kaponga), represent Netball New Zealand in international netball tournaments such as the Netball World Cup, the Commonwealth Games, the Taini Jamison Trophy, the Constellation Cup, the Netball Quad Series and the Fast5 Netball World Series. They have also represented New Zealand at the World Games. New Zealand made their test debut in 1938. As of 2023, New Zealand have been world champions on five occasions and Commonwealth champions twice. They are regularly ranked number two in the World Netball Rankings.

Jamaica national netball team
The Jamaica national netball team, commonly known as the Sunshine Girls, represent Netball Jamaica in international netball tournaments such as the Netball World Cup, Netball at the Commonwealth Games, the Taini Jamison Trophy and the Fast5 Netball World Series. They have also represented Jamaica at the World Games. At the 2022 Commonwealth Games, Jamaica were silver medallists. They were bronze medallists in 2002, 2014 and 2018. They were also bronze medallists at the 1991, 2003, 2007 and 2023 Netball World Cups. Jamaica also  won the 2018 Taini Jamison Trophy Series. As of 1 December 2025, Jamaica are ranked number three in the World Netball Rankings.
A46 road
The A46 is a major A road in England. It starts east of Bath, Somerset and ends in Cleethorpes, Lincolnshire, but it does not form a continuous route.  Large portions of the old road have been lost, bypassed, or replaced by motorway development.  Between Leicester and Lincoln the road follows the course of the Roman Fosse Way, but between Bath and Leicester, two cities also linked by the Fosse Way, it follows a more westerly course.

West Lindsey
West Lindsey is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England. Its council is based in Gainsborough, the district's largest town. The district also includes the towns of Caistor and Market Rasen, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. The east of the district includes part of the Lincolnshire Wolds, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are North Lincolnshire, North East Lincolnshire, East Lindsey, North Kesteven, Lincoln, Newark and Sherwood and Bassetlaw.