hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Grapes of Wrath
The Grapes of Wrath is an American realist novel written by John Steinbeck and published in 1939. The book won the National Book Award
and Pulitzer Prize for fiction, and it was cited prominently when Steinbeck was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1962.

Set during the Great Depression, the novel focuses on the Joads, a poor family of tenant farmers driven from their Oklahoma home by drought, economic hardship, agricultural industry changes, and bank foreclosures forcing tenant farmers out of work. Due to their nearly hopeless situation, and in part because they are trapped in the Dust Bowl, the Joads set out for California on the "mother road", along with thousands of other "Okies" seeking jobs, land, dignity, and a future.

The Grapes of Wrath is frequently read in American high school and college literature classes due to its historical context and enduring legacy. A Hollywood film version, starring Henry Fonda and directed by John Ford, was released in 1940.

East of Eden (novel)
East of Eden is a 1952 family saga novel by American author and Nobel Prize winner John Steinbeck. Many regard the work as Steinbeck's most ambitious novel, and Steinbeck himself considered it his magnum opus. Steinbeck said of East of Eden, "It has everything in it I have been able to learn about my craft or profession in all these years"; the author later said, "I think everything else I have written has been, in a sense, practice for this." Steinbeck originally addressed the novel to his young sons, Thom and John (then 61⁄2 and 41⁄2 years old, respectively). Steinbeck wanted to describe the sights, sounds, smells, and colors of the Salinas Valley for them in detail.

East of Eden details of lives of two families, the Trasks and the Hamiltons, and their interwoven stories. The Hamilton family in the novel is said to be based on the real-life family of Samuel Hamilton, Steinbeck's maternal grandfather. A young John Steinbeck also appears briefly in the novel as a minor character.
.45 Colt
The .45 Colt (11.43×33mmR), often called the .45 Long Colt, is a rimmed straight-walled,  centerfire handgun cartridge dating to 1872. It was originally a black-powder revolver round developed for the Colt Single Action Army revolver. This cartridge was adopted by the U.S. Army in 1873 and served as an official US military handgun cartridge for 19 years, before being replaced by the .38 Long Colt in 1892. Although there has never been a ".45 Short Colt" cartridge, the .45 Colt is frequently called the ".45 Long Colt" (.45 LC) to better distinguish it from the shorter and less powerful .45 Schofield cartridge, which was also in use around the same time as the .45 Colt and able to be used in revolvers chambered in the more powerful Colt round.

.38-40 Winchester
The .38-40 Winchester (10.17x33mmR) is actually a .40 caliber (10 mm) intermediate cartridge shooting .401 in (10.2 mm) caliber bullets. The cartridge was introduced by Winchester in 1874 and is derived from their .44-40 Winchester. This cartridge was introduced for rifles, but in its reintroduction for cowboy action shooting it has seen some popularity as a revolver cartridge. It is not particularly well suited to hunting larger game, but it was popular when it was introduced, along with the previous .44-40 Winchester, for deer hunting. It can be used successfully on smaller game animals, and for self-defense. Current loadings are intended for revolvers.
Play for Today
Play for Today is a British television strand, produced by the BBC and transmitted on BBC1 from 1970 to 1984. During the run, more than three hundred programmes, featuring original television plays, and adaptations of stage plays and novels, were transmitted. The individual episodes were (with a few exceptions noted below) between fifty and a hundred minutes in duration. A handful of these plays, including Rumpole of the Bailey, subsequently became television series in their own right.

In 2025, Channel 5 announced they would revive the series, which began broadcasting on 13 November, 2025.

Crown Court (TV series)
Crown Court is a British television courtroom drama series produced by Granada Television for the ITV network. It ran from 1972, when the Crown Court system replaced Assize courts and Quarter sessions in the legal system of England and Wales, to 1984. It was transmitted in the early afternoon.
Oda Nobukatsu
Oda Nobukatsu (織田 信雄; 1558 – June 10, 1630) also known as Kitabatake Tomotoyo was a Japanese samurai of the Azuchi–Momoyama period. He was the second son of Oda Nobunaga. He was adopted as the head of the Kitabatake clan from Ise Province. He survived the decline of the Oda clan from political prominence, becoming a daimyō in the early Edo period. Though often described as an incompetent general, Nobukatsu was a skilled warrior. In the battle of Komaki and Nagakute, he used a 13th-century tachi of the Fukuoka Ichimonji school, to slay a samurai known as Okada Sukesaburō. The blade came to be known as "Okada-giri Yoshifusa", now a national treasure.

Hashiba Hidekatsu
Hashiba Hidekatsu (羽柴 秀勝, 1567 – January 29, 1586) was a Japanese samurai, also known as Oda Hidekatsu, the fourth son of the famed feudal warlord Oda Nobunaga and was adopted by Toyotomi Hideyoshi at a young age.

At the time of Nobunaga's death in 1582, Hidekatsu was at Kojima in Bizen Province. 
Shortly after Nobunaga's death, Hidekatsu assisted Hideyoshi during the Battle of Yamazaki, Hidekatsu and his biological older brother, Oda Nobutaka, were used as a banner of a battle of revenge, and defeated Akechi Mitsuhide.

During the funeral of Nobunaga, he held his birth father's mortuary tablet (ihai). Afterwards, Hidekatsu received Kameyama Castle in Tanba Province (modern day Kameoka, Kyoto Prefecture).

He also served Hideyoshi during the Battle of Shizugatake in 1583 and Battle of Komaki and Nagakute in 1584. Hidekatsu suddenly died in 1586, with many people believing that Hidekatsu was killed on the orders of Hideyoshi.
Auckland rugby league team
The Auckland rugby league team is the team which traditionally represents all of the clubs which play in the Auckland Rugby League competition. As well as a senior men's team there are also Auckland representative teams throughout the various age groups such as under 15s, under 17s, under 19s and under 21s.

Under the new zone scheme introduced in 2010 the Auckland team represents the North Shore, East Auckland and West Auckland, while South Auckland is represented by the Counties Manukau rugby league team. The zone team is named the Akarana Falcons.

Ponsonby Ponies
The Ponsonby Ponies are a rugby league club based in Ponsonby, New Zealand. The club was founded in 1908 and was originally named Ponsonby United. The Ponies compete in the Auckland Rugby League competition and are the oldest rugby league club in NZ.
Charles-Pierre Augereau
Charles Pierre François Augereau, duc de Castiglione (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁl pjɛʁ oʒʁo]; 21 October 1757 – 12 June 1816) was a French military commander and a Marshal of the Empire who served during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. After serving in the Revolutionary Wars, he earned rapid promotion while fighting against Spain and soon found himself as a division commander under Napoleon Bonaparte in Italy. He fought in all of Bonaparte's battles of 1796 with great distinction. During the Napoleonic Wars, Napoleon entrusted Augereau with important commands. His life ended under a cloud because of his poor timing in switching sides between Napoleon and Louis XVIII. Napoleon wrote of Augereau that he "has plenty of character, courage, firmness, activity; is inured to war; is well liked by the soldiery; is fortunate in his operations". Augereau is generally counted as one of the most capable generals of the Napoleonic Wars.

Claude-Victor Perrin
Claude-Victor Perrin, Duke of Belluno (French: [klod viktɔʁ pɛʁɛ̃]; 7 December 1764 – 1 March 1841) was a French military commander who served during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. He was made a Marshal of the Empire in 1807 by Emperor Napoleon I.
HMS Ariel (1911)
HMS Ariel was an Acheron-class destroyer built in 1911, which served during the First World War and sank in 1918 after striking a mine. Named after Shakespeare's "airy spirit", or the biblical spirit of the same name, she was the tenth and last ship of the name to serve in the Royal Navy.

HMS Attack (1911)
HMS Attack was an Acheron-class destroyer built in 1911, which served during the First World War and was sunk in 1917 in the Mediterranean by a German U-boat. She was the third ship of the name to serve in the Royal Navy.
Red River (Asia)
The Red River or the Hong River (traditional Chinese: 紅河; simplified Chinese: 红河; pinyin: Hóng Hé; Vietnamese: Sông Hồng; Chữ Nôm: 瀧紅), also known as the Sông Cái (lit. "Main River"; Chữ Nôm: 瀧丐) in Vietnamese and the Yuan River (元江, Yuán Jiāng) in Chinese, is a 1,149-kilometer (714 mi)-long river that flows from Yunnan in Southwest China through northern Vietnam to the Gulf of Tonkin. According to C. Michael Hogan, the associated Red River Fault was instrumental in forming the entire South China Sea at least as early as 37 million years before present. The name red and southern position in China are associated in traditional cardinal directions. The river is relatively shallow, and carries a lot of reddish silt along its way, appearing red brown in colour.

Haiphong
Haiphong or Hai Phong (Vietnamese: Hải Phòng, pronounced [hǎːj fɔ̀ŋ͡m] ⓘ) is the third-largest city in Vietnam and is the principal port city of the Red River Delta. The municipality has an area of 3,194.72 km2 (1,233.49 mi2). The city includes Bạch Long Vĩ and Cát Hải islands in the Gulf of Tonkin. It has a population of 4,664,124 in 2025.
Emil Nolde
Emil Nolde (born Hans Emil Hansen; 7 August 1867 – 13 April 1956) was a German painter and printmaker. He was one of the first Expressionists, a member of Die Brücke, and was one of the first oil painting and watercolor painters of the early 20th century to explore color. He is known for his brushwork and expressive choice of colors. Golden yellows and deep reds appear frequently in his work, giving a luminous quality to otherwise somber tones. His watercolors include vivid, brooding storm-scapes and brilliant florals.

Nolde's intense preoccupation with the subject of flowers reflected his interest in the art of Vincent van Gogh.

Even though his art was included in the Entartete Kunst exhibition of 1937, Nolde was a member of the Nazi Party, with racist and antisemitic views, and a staunch supporter of Nazi Germany.

Käthe Kollwitz
Käthe Kollwitz (German pronunciation: [kɛːtə kɔlvɪt͡s] born Schmidt; 8 July 1867 – 22 April 1945) was a German artist who worked with painting, printmaking (including etching, lithography and woodcuts) and sculpture. Her most famous art cycles, including The Weavers and The Peasant War, depict the effects of poverty, hunger and war on the working class. Despite the realism of her early works, her art is now more closely associated with Expressionism. Kollwitz was the first woman not only to be elected to the Prussian Academy of Arts but also to receive honorary professor status.
Stu Nahan
Stu Nahan (June 23, 1926 – December 26, 2007) was an American television sportscaster in Los Angeles from the 1950s through the 1990s. He is also remembered for his role as a boxing commentator in the first six Rocky films. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6549 Hollywood Boulevard on May 25, 2007.

Jim Gordon (sportscaster)
Jim Gordon (February 15, 1927 – February 16, 2003) was an American television and radio newscaster and play-by-play sportscaster in the New York City area for nearly 40 years.

He delivered the first newscast for New York's WINS radio when it switched from a Top 40 rock music format to all-news in 1965 and also had long tenures as the television "voice" of the NHL New York Rangers and radio voice of the NFL New York Giants.

Later in life, he was also active in local politics in Putnam County, New York.
Collinsville, Illinois
Collinsville is a city located mainly in Madison County and partially in St. Clair County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 24,366. Collinsville is approximately 14 miles (23 km) east of St. Louis, Missouri, and is part of that city's Metro East area.

Collinsville is the location of Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site, a National Historic Landmark and UNESCO World Heritage Site. This prehistoric urban complex is estimated to have had a population of thousands at its peak, long before European exploration in the area. The city is also known for the Brooks Catsup Bottle Water Tower, the world's largest ketchup bottle, and is billed as the world's horseradish capital.

Glen Carbon, Illinois
Glen Carbon is a village in Madison County, Illinois, United States, 14 miles (23 km) northeast of St. Louis. It is part of the St. Louis metropolitan area. The population was 13,842 at the 2020 census.
Urawa Red Diamonds
The Urawa Red Diamonds (浦和レッドダイヤモンズ, Urawa Reddo Daiyamonzu) or simply Urawa Reds (浦和レッズ, Urawa Rezzu), also known as Mitsubishi Urawa Football Club from April 1992 to January 1996, are a professional football club in the city of Saitama, part of the Greater Tokyo Area in Japan, who play in the J1 League, the top tier of Japanese football. The Reds are one of the most successful clubs in the country, having won three AFC Champions League titles (most recently in 2022) and various domestic titles including a joint-record eight Emperor's Cups, as well as participating at three FIFA Club World Cups.

The club's name comes from the former city of Urawa, now part of Saitama, and pre-professional era parent company Mitsubishi, whose logo consists of three red diamonds, one of which remains within the current club badge.

2005 J.League Division 1
The 2005 J.League Division 1 season was the 13th season since the establishment of J.League Division 1. It began on March 5 and ended on December 3, followed by J. League promotion/relegation series matches on December 7 and 10.
Rockland, Maine
Rockland is a city in and the county seat of Knox County, Maine,  United States. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 6,936. The city is a popular tourist destination. It is a departure point for the Maine State Ferry Service to the islands of Penobscot Bay: Vinalhaven, North Haven and Matinicus.

Belfast, Maine
Belfast is a city in Waldo County, Maine, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 6,938. Located at the mouth of the Passagassawakeag River estuary on Belfast Bay and Penobscot Bay. Belfast is the county seat of Waldo County. Its seaport has a wealth of historic architecture in several historic districts, and remains popular with tourists.
Phil Hill
Philip Toll Hill Jr. (April 20, 1927 – August 28, 2008) was an American racing driver, who competed in Formula One from 1958 to 1966. Hill won the Formula One World Drivers' Championship in 1961 with Ferrari, and won three Grands Prix across eight seasons. In endurance racing, Hill was a three-time winner of both the 24 Hours of Le Mans and the 12 Hours of Sebring, all with Ferrari. Upon winning the 24 Hours of Daytona in 1964 with NART, Hill became the first driver to complete the Triple Crown of endurance racing.

Hill was one of two American drivers to win the World Drivers' Championship alongside Mario Andretti, and the only one who was born in the United States. Hill was described as a "thoughtful, gentle man" and once said, "I'm in the wrong business. I don't want to beat anybody, I don't want to be the big hero. I'm a peace-loving man, basically."

Masten Gregory
Masten Gregory (February 29, 1932 − November 8, 1985) was an American racing driver, who competed in Formula One from 1957 to 1965. Nicknamed "the Kansas City Flash", Gregory won the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1965 with NART.

Gregory participated in 43 Formula One Grands Prix, predominantly with privateer teams; he also competed in numerous non-championship races, winning the 1962 Kanonloppet with BRP. Gregory was also successful in sportscar racing, entering 16 editions of the 24 Hours of Le Mans between 1955 and 1972, winning in 1965 alongside Jochen Rindt, driving the Ferrari 250LM.
Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin
Elkhart Lake is a village in northwestern Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 941 at the 2020 census. It is within the Town of Rhine and is included in the Sheboygan, Wisconsin metropolitan area. Elkhart Lake may be best known for hosting road races on public county roads during the 1950s, later moving to a dedicated race track called Road America, a few miles south of the village.

Wisconsin Highway 67
State Trunk Highway 67 (often called Highway 67, STH-67 or WIS 67) is a Wisconsin state highway running from the Wisconsin–Illinois state line east of Beloit north to U.S. Highway 151 (US 151) east of Chilton. With the inclusion of the new Oconomowoc bypass, WIS 67 is approximately 160 miles (260 km) in length.

WIS 67 meanders through much of Southeastern Wisconsin, passing through both the northern and southern units of the Kettle Moraine State Forest. It ends just south of the Killsnake State Wildlife Area in Manitowoc County.
Sălaj County
Sălaj County (Romanian pronunciation: [səˈlaʒ]; Hungarian: Szilágy megye) (also known as Land of Silvania, silva, -ae meaning "forest") is a county (județ) of Romania, located in the north-west of the country, in the historical regions of Crișana and Transylvania. It is bordered to the north by Satu Mare and Maramureș counties, to the west and south-west by Bihor County, and to the south-east by Cluj County. Zalău is the county seat, as well as its largest city.

Mureș County
Mureș County (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈmureʃ], Romanian: Județul Mureș, Hungarian: Maros megye) is a county (județ) of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania, with the administrative centre in Târgu Mureș. The county was established in 1968, after the administrative reorganization that re-introduced the historical județ (county) system, still used today. This reform eliminated the previous Mureș-Magyar Autonomous Region, which had been created in 1952 within the People's Republic of Romania. Mureș County has a vibrant multicultural fabric that includes Hungarian-speaking Székelys and Transylvanian Saxons, with a rich heritage of fortified churches and towns.
Bannockburn, Illinois
Bannockburn is a village in West Deerfield and Vernon townships in Lake County, Illinois, United States. Per the 2020 census, the population was 1,013. A northern suburb of Chicago, the village is generally considered part of the North Shore subregion of Chicagoland. It is best known as the location of the main campus of Trinity International University and its component Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, though the university often lists its address as being the larger and more recognizable neighboring suburb of Deerfield. The Friedman house by Frank Lloyd Wright is also located in Bannockburn.

Riverwoods, Illinois
Riverwoods is a village in Lake County, Illinois, United States. It was established on the banks of the Des Plaines River in 1959 by local steel magnate Jay Peterson. Per the 2020 census, the population was 3,790. The corporate headquarters of CCH are located there, as well as Orphans of the Storm, an animal shelter founded in 1928 by famous dancer Irene Castle. The village used to host the annual "Arts & Riverwoods" festival.
Cyberjaya
Cyberjaya (a portmanteau of cyber and Putrajaya) is a planned city with a science park as its core that forms part of Greater Kuala Lumpur, in Malaysia. It is located in Sepang District, Selangor. Cyberjaya is adjacent to and developed along with Putrajaya, Malaysia's government seat. The city aspires to be known as the Silicon Valley of Malaysia.

The official opening ceremony for Cyberjaya was held on 17 May 1997 by then-Prime Minister, Mahathir Mohamad.

Many multinational companies and data centres are located in the city.

Seri Kembangan
Seri Kembangan, also known as Serdang, formerly known as Serdang New Village, is a town located in Petaling District, Selangor, Malaysia. It is located in between Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya. The town is now a considerable city in size. It is located near the northern end of the PLUS Expressway Southern Route.
List of presidents of Guinea-Bissau
This article lists the presidents of Guinea-Bissau, since the establishment of the office of president in 1973.

Since Guinea-Bissau's unilateral declaration of independence from Portugal on 24 September 1973, there have been six presidents, six acting presidents and five interim military leaders. The current transitional president is General Horta Inta-A Na Man, who was appointed on 27 November 2025 following a coup d'état.

Luís Cabral
Luís Severino de Almeida Cabral (11 April 1931 – 30 May 2009) was a Bissau-Guinean politician who was the first President of Guinea-Bissau. He served from 1974 to 1980, when a military coup d'état led by João Bernardo Vieira deposed him. Luís Cabral was a half-brother of Amílcar Cabral, with whom he co-founded the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) in 1956.
Gustav Vasa
Gustav Eriksson Vasa (12 May 1496 – 29 September 1560), also known as Gustav I, was King of Sweden from 1523 until his death in 1560. He was previously self-recognised Protector of the Realm (Riksföreståndare) from 1521, during the Swedish War of Liberation against King Christian II of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Gustav rose to lead this war following the Stockholm Bloodbath, where his father was executed. Gustav's election as king on 6 June 1523 (the future National Day of Sweden) and his triumphant entry into Stockholm eleven days later marked Sweden's final secession from the Kalmar Union.

During his reign, Gustav initiated the Protestant Swedish reformation, transformed the country from an elective to a hereditary monarchy and established a standing army and navy.

Småland
Småland (Swedish: [ˈsmǒːland] ⓘ) is a historical province (landskap) in southern Sweden.
Småland borders Blekinge, Scania, Halland, Västergötland, Östergötland and the island Öland in the Baltic Sea. The name Småland literally means "small lands", referring to many small historic provinces from which it was composed. The Latinized form Smolandia has been used in other languages. The highest point in Småland is Tomtabacken, at 377 metres (1,237 ft). In terms of total area, Småland is similar in size to Belgium.
Ferdinand von Mueller
Baron Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von Mueller, KCMG (German: Müller; 30 June 1825 – 10 October 1896) was a German-Australian physician, geographer, and most notably, a botanist. He was appointed government botanist for the then colony of Victoria, Australia by Governor Charles La Trobe in 1853, and later director of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Melbourne. He also founded the National Herbarium of Victoria. He named many Australian plants.

Johann Menge
Johannes Menge (4 January 1788 – 1852), is regarded as South Australia's first geologist, though he had no formal qualifications. An early explorer of the new colony, he was influential in the settlement of the Barossa Valley.

He has been called the "father of South Australian mineralogy". On the passenger list of the ship that brought him out he was called "Johannes Joseph Menge", but in his letters to newspapers he variously called himself "John" and "Joseph". To fellow-colonists he was "Professor Menge".