hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Science fiction on television
Science fiction (Sci-fi) first appeared in television programming in the late 1930s, during what is called the Golden Age of Science Fiction. Special effects and other production techniques allow creators to present a living visual image of an imaginary world not limited by the constraints of reality.

Companion (Doctor Who)
In the long-running BBC television science fiction programme Doctor Who and related works, the term "companion" refers to a character who travels with, or shares adventures with, the Doctor. A companion is generally the series' co-lead character alongside the Doctor for the duration of their tenure, and in most Doctor Who stories acts as an audience surrogate by providing the lens through which the viewer is introduced to the story, and often, the series itself.

The companion character often furthers the story by asking questions and getting into trouble; also by helping, rescuing, or challenging the Doctor. This designation is applied to a character by the show's producers and appears in the BBC's promotional material and off-screen fictional terminology. The Doctor also refers to the show's other leads as their "friends" or "assistants"; the British press have also used the latter term.
PayPal
PayPal Holdings, Inc. is an American multinational financial technology company that operates an online payments system in the majority of countries that support online money transfers; it serves as an electronic alternative to traditional paper methods such as checks and money orders. The company operates as a payment processor for online vendors, auction sites and many other commercial and company users.

Established in 1998 as Confinity, PayPal went public through an IPO in 2002. It became a wholly owned subsidiary of eBay later that year, valued at $1.5 billion. In 2015, eBay spun off PayPal to its shareholders, and PayPal became an independent company again. The company was ranked 143rd on the 2022 Fortune 500 of the largest United States corporations by revenue. Since 2023, PayPal is a member of the MACH Alliance.

Steve Chen
Steve Chen (Chinese: 陳士駿; Wade–Giles: Chen Shih-chün; born August 25, 1978) is a Taiwanese-American  software engineer and Internet entrepreneur who is a co-founder and ex CTO of YouTube. After he co-founded AVOS Systems, Inc. and built MixBit, he joined Google Ventures in 2014.
Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey
Englewood Cliffs is a borough in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 5,342, an increase of 61 (+1.2%) from the 2010 census count of 5,281, which in turn reflected a decline of 41 (-0.8%) from the 5,322 counted in the 2000 census.

The borough houses the world headquarters of CNBC (Versant), the North American headquarters of South Korean conglomerate LG Corp, and the American headquarters of global CPG conglomerate Unilever, and was home to both Ferrari and Maserati North America.

The borough was formed in 1895, having seceded from Englewood Township, with William Outis Allison serving as the new municipality's first mayor, as part of the "Boroughitis" then sweeping Bergen County, with 26 boroughs formed in the county in 1894 alone.

Gordon M. Johnson
Gordon M. Johnson (born December 16, 1949) is an American Democratic Party politician who has represented the 37th Legislative District in the New Jersey Senate since 2022, having represented the same district in the New Jersey General Assembly from 2002 to 2022. He has served in the Senate since 2022 as Assistant Majority Leader.
Chanel
Chanel (/ʃəˈnɛl/ shə-NEL, French: [ʃanɛl] ⓘ) is a French luxury fashion house founded in 1910 by Coco Chanel in Paris. It is privately owned by French brothers, Alain and Gérard Wertheimer, through the holding company Chanel Limited, established in 2018 and headquartered in London.

Chanel specializes in women's ready-to-wear, luxury goods, and accessories and licenses its name and branding to Luxottica for eyewear. Chanel is well known for its No. 5 perfume and "Chanel Suit". Chanel is credited for revolutionizing haute couture and ready-to-wear by replacing structured, corseted silhouettes with more functional garments that women still found flattering.

Tory Burch LLC
Tory Burch LLC is an American luxury women's fashion label based in Manhattan, New York, United States. It was founded by American designer Tory Burch in 2004. As of 2019, Pierre-Yves Roussel is the CEO of the company.
Ruby Braff
Reuben "Ruby" Braff (March 16, 1927 – February 9, 2003) was an American jazz trumpeter and cornetist. Jack Teagarden was once asked about him on the Garry Moore television show and described Ruby as "the Ivy League Louis Armstrong".

Braff, who was of Jewish heritage, was born in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. He was renowned for working in an idiom ultimately derived from the playing of Louis Armstrong and Bix Beiderbecke. He began playing in local clubs in the 1940s. In 1949, he was hired to play with the Edmond Hall Orchestra at the Savoy Cafe of Boston. He relocated to New York in 1953 where he was much in demand for band dates and recordings.

He resided in Harwich, Massachusetts and died of complications from emphysema, heart failure, and glaucoma on February 9, 2003, in Chatham, Massachusetts. He had spent a good part of his life living in the Riverdale section of The Bronx, New York City.

George Barnes (musician)
George Warren Barnes (July 17, 1921– September 5, 1977) was an American jazz guitarist. He was also a conductor, composer, arranger, producer, author, and educator. He was hired by the NBC Orchestra at the age of 17, making him the youngest musician on staff. At 17, he was considered to be a great player by many musicians, including Tommy Dorsey, and Jimmy McPartland. Barnes was also proficient as a recording engineer. During his career, Barnes recorded with singers Mel Tormé, Ella Fitzgerald, Frank Sinatra, Bing Crosby, Patti Page, Dinah Washington, Lena Horne, Billy Eckstine and Johnny Mathis among many others.
He was an inspiration to, and influenced guitarists Chet Atkins, Roy Clark, Herb Ellis and Merle Travis, among many others.
Diriyah
Diriyah (Arabic: الدِرْعِيّة, romanized: ad-Dir‘īyah, lit. 'place of armor'; formerly romanized as Dereyeh and Dariyya) is a town and governorate in Saudi Arabia. Located on the northwestern outskirts of the Saudi capital, Riyadh, Diriyah was the original home of the House of Saud, and served as the capital of the Emirate of Diriyah under the first Saudi dynasty from 1727 to 1818. Today, the town is the seat of the Diriyah Governorate, which also includes the villages of Uyayna, Jubayla, and Al-Ammariyyah, among others—and is part of Riyadh Province.

At-Turaif District, the first capital of Saudis in Diriyah, was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2010. The layout of the city itself can be studied in the National Museum of Saudi Arabia with the help of a large-scale detailed model of the city on display there. Diriyah also hosted the Diriyah ePrix race for the Formula E championship from 2018–2024.

Al-Kharj
Kharj (Arabic: الخرج) is a governorate in central Saudi Arabia. It is one of the important governorates in Saudi Arabia. Located southeast of the capital, Riyadh, it covers an area of 7640 mi2 (19,790 km2) and has a population of 376,325 people, according to the statistics of the General Authority for Statistics for 2010. The city of Al-Saih (Arabic: السيح) is the capital of modern Kharj and its administrative and economic center.
2005–06 Austrian Cup
The 2005–06 Austrian Cup (German: ÖFB-Cup) was the 72nd season of Austria's nationwide football cup competition. It started on July 26, 2005 with the first game of the preliminary round. The final was held at the Ernst-Happel-Stadion, Vienna on 9 May 2006.

The competition was won by Austria Vienna after beating Mattersburg 3–0. Due to Austria Vienna qualifying for European competition through winning the Bundesliga, Mattersburg qualified for the second qualifying round of the 2006–07 UEFA Cup as cup runners-up.

2004–05 Austrian Cup
The 2004–05 Austrian Cup (German: ÖFB-Cup) was the 71st season of Austria's nationwide football cup competition. It started on September 14, 2004 with the first game of the First Round. The final was held at the Ernst-Happel-Stadion, Vienna on 1 June 2005.

The competition was won by Austria Vienna after beating Rapid Wien 3–1. Austria Vienna qualified for the second qualifying round of the 2005–06 UEFA Cup as cup winners.
2022 Skate America
The 2022 Skate America was the first event of the 2022–23 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating: a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held at the Tenley E. Albright Performance Center in Norwood, Massachusetts, from October 21–23. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 2022–23 Grand Prix Final.

2022 Grand Prix de France
The 2022 Grand Prix de France was the third event of the 2022–23 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating: a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held at the Angers IceParc in Angers from November 4–6. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 2022–23 Grand Prix Final.
West Pomeranian Voivodeship
West Pomeranian Voivodeship is a voivodeship (province) in northwestern Poland. Its capital and largest city is Szczecin. Its area equals  22,892.48 km2 (8,838.84 sq mi), and in 2021, it was inhabited by 1,682,003 people.

It was established on 1 January 1999, out of the former Szczecin and Koszalin Voivodeships and parts of Gorzów, Piła and Słupsk Voivodeships, pursuant to the Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998. It borders on Pomeranian Voivodeship to the east, Greater Poland Voivodeship to the southeast, Lubusz Voivodeship to the south, the German federal-states of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania and Brandenburg to the west, and the Baltic Sea to the north.

Gmina Recz
Gmina Recz is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Choszczno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Recz, which lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) north-east of Choszczno and 67 km (42 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 180.13 square kilometres (69.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population was 5,740 (out of which the population of Recz amounts to 2,995, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 2,745).
Charleston (dance)
The Charleston is a dance named after the harbor city of Charleston, South Carolina. The rhythm was popularized in mainstream dance music in the United States by a 1923 tune called "The Charleston" by composer/pianist James P. Johnson, which originated in the Broadway show Runnin' Wild and became one of the most popular hits of the decade. Runnin' Wild ran from 28 October 1923 through 28 June 1924. The Charleston dance's peak popularity occurred from mid-1926 to 1927.

Salsa (dance)
Salsa is the name for Latin American dances that are danced to salsa music. Salsa is one of the most popular types of Latin dance that is practiced worldwide, and is typically danced with a partner, although there are elements of solo footwork as well. There are several distinct styles of salsa that are danced around the world.
Paul Moorcraft
Paul Leslie Moorcraft (born 1948 in Cardiff, Wales) is the director of the Centre for Foreign Policy Analysis in London and a visiting professor at Cardiff University's School of Journalism, Media and Cultural Studies.

Peter McLaughlin
Peter McLaughlin (born 1956) is an Irish academic, historian, and educator. He is the CEO of Max Learning Limited, the educational arm of the Max Group. He was Headmaster of The Doon School. Before joining Doon in 2009, he served as Headmaster of Douai School, and Principal of the British International School in Cairo and of Casterton School in England. McLaughlin retired from Doon in May 2016.
Paolo Thaon di Revel
Paolo Camillo Thaon, Marquess of Revel (10 June 1859 – 24 March 1948), latterly titled with the honorary title of 1st Duke of the Sea, was an Italian admiral of the Regia Marina during World War I and later a politician.

MAS (motorboat)
Motoscafo armato silurante (torpedo-armed motorboat), alternatively Motoscafo antisommergibili (anti-submarine motorboat) and commonly abbreviated as MAS, was a class of fast torpedo-armed vessels used by the Regia Marina (Italian Royal Navy) during World War I and World War II. Originally, "MAS" referred to motobarca armata SVAN (armed motorboat SVAN), Società Veneziana Automobili Navali (Naval Automobile Society of Venice).

The MAS were petrol-engined planing boats with displacements of 20–30 tonnes (depending on the class), a 10-man crew and armament composed of two torpedoes, heavy machine guns and occasionally a 37 mm or 20 mm cannon.

In the context of the unit title Flottiglia MAS (assault craft flotilla; the most famous of which was the Decima MAS of World War II), the term "MAS" is an acronym for Mezzi d'Assalto (assault craft).
Savanna shrew
The savanna shrew (Crocidura fulvastra) is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae. It is found in Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan, and Uganda. Its natural habitat is dry savanna.

Bicolored musk shrew
The bicolored musk shrew (Crocidura fuscomurina) is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae.

It can be found in Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Its natural habitats are savanna, subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland, and hot deserts.
Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)
In the United Kingdom, a member of Parliament (MP) is an individual elected to serve in the House of Commons, the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Although the House of Lords is also a house of Parliament, its members are not termed "Members of Parliament".

Salford South
Salford South was a parliamentary constituency in the City of Salford in Greater Manchester from 1885 until 1950. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
Cold Spring Harbor, New York
Cold Spring Harbor is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the Town of Huntington, in Suffolk County, on the North Shore of Long Island in New York. As of the 2010 United States census, the CDP population was 5,070.

West Hills, New York
West Hills is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the Town of Huntington, Suffolk County, New York. The population was 5,592 at the 2010 census. Residents share a post office with the hamlet of Huntington but much earlier in its history, West Hills had its own post office, located on Jericho Turnpike (formerly Middle Post Road). Also, it is adjacent to the hamlet of Woodbury.
Eddie Nketiah
Edward Keddar Nketiah (born 30 May 1999) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for Premier League club Crystal Palace. He has played once for the England national team.

Nketiah started his club career in the Chelsea youth academy until his release aged, after which he joined the Arsenal academy, making his senior debut in 2017. After a loan to Leeds United in their 2019–20 Championship-winning season, he went on to make over 150 appearances for Arsenal, winning the FA Cup in 2020. In 2024, he was signed by Crystal Palace, winning a second FA Cup in 2025.

Nketiah represented England across various youth levels, holding the record for most goals for the England U21s, and made his senior debut in 2023.

Bukayo Saka
Bukayo Ayoyinka Temidayo Moses Saka (listenⓘ, born 5 September 2001) is an English professional footballer who plays as a right winger for Premier League club Arsenal and the England national team. Known for his creativity, dribbling, and work rate, he is regarded as one of the best wingers in the world.

Saka has spent the entirety of his first-team club career with Arsenal, where he has won an FA Cup and two FA Community Shields, progressively becoming one of Arsenal's most influential players. Following both the 2020–21 and 2021–22 seasons, he was named as Arsenal's Player of the Season.

Saka represented England at various youth levels before making his debut for the senior team in October 2020. He was part of England's squads for UEFA Euro 2020 and 2024, which England finished as runners-up in both, and the 2022 FIFA World Cup.
Kavkaz Center
The Kavkaz Center (KC; Russian: Кавказ-центр, romanized: Kavkaz-tsentr, lit. 'Caucasus Center') is a privately run website/portal which aims to be "a Chechen internet agency which is independent, international and Islamic". The stated mission of the site is to report events related to Chechnya and also to "provide international news agencies with news-letters, background information and assistance in making independent journalistic work in North Caucasus".

Caucasus Emirate
The Caucasus Emirate (Chechen: Имарат Кавказ, ИК, romanized: Imarat Kavkaz, IK; Russian: Кавказский эмират, romanized: Kavkazskiy emirat), also known as the Caucasian Emirate, Emirate of Caucasus, or Islamic Emirate of the Caucasus, was a jihadist organisation active in rebel-held parts of Syria and previously in the North Caucasus region of Russia. Its intention was to expel the Russian presence from the North Caucasus and to establish an independent Islamic emirate in the region. The Caucasus Emirate also referred to the state that the group sought to establish. The creation of Caucasus Emirate was announced on 7 October 2007, by Chechen warlord Dokka Umarov, who became its first self-declared "emir".

By late 2015, the group no longer had a visible presence in the North Caucasus, as most of its members defected to the local Islamic State affiliate, Vilayat Kavkaz.
King of Hungary
The King of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarország királya) was the ruling head of state of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1000 (or 1001) to 1918. The style of title "Apostolic King of Hungary" (Magyarország apostoli királya) was endorsed by Pope Clement XIII in 1758 and used afterwards by all monarchs of Hungary.

Counties of Hungary (1000–1920)
A county (Hungarian: vármegye 'castle-county' or megye) is the name of a type of administrative unit in Hungary.

This article deals with counties in the former Kingdom of Hungary from the 10th century until the Treaty of Trianon of 1920. For lists of individual counties, see: Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary. For counties of Hungary since 1950, see: Counties of Hungary.
142nd New York State Legislature
The 142nd New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 1 to June 16, 1919, during the first year of Al Smith's governorship, in Albany.

152nd New York State Legislature
The 152nd New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 2 to March 28, 1929, during the first year of Franklin D. Roosevelt's governorship, in Albany.
FC Thun
Fussballclub Thun 1898 is a Swiss football team from the Bernese Oberland town of Thun. The club plays in the Swiss Super League from 2025–26, the top tier of the Swiss football league system, following promotion from the Swiss Challenge League in the 2024–25 season. The club plays at the Stockhorn Arena which accommodates a total of 10,000 supporters, both seated and standing. The club's colours are red and white.

The biggest achievements in the club's history are two second-place finishes in the Swiss Cup (1955 and 2019), as well as reaching the group stages of the 2005–06 UEFA Champions League.

2011–12 UEFA Europa League
The 2011–12 UEFA Europa League was the third season of the UEFA Europa League, Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 41st edition overall including its predecessor, the UEFA Cup. It began on 30 June 2011 with the first legs of the first qualifying round, and ended on 9 May 2012 with the final held at Arena Națională in Bucharest, Romania. As part of a trial that started in the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League, two extra officials – one on each goal line – were used in all matches of the competition from the group stage.

Atlético Madrid won the title, defeating Athletic Bilbao 3–0 in an all-Spanish final. Porto were the defending champions, but they were beaten by Manchester City in the Round of 32.
Great Sandy Desert
The Great Sandy Desert is an interim Australian bioregion, located in the northeast of Western Australia straddling the Pilbara and southern Kimberley regions and extending east into the Northern Territory. It is the second largest desert in Australia after the Great Victoria Desert and encompasses an area of 284,993 km2 (110,036 sq mi). The Gibson Desert lies to the south and the Tanami Desert lies to the east of the Great Sandy Desert.

Stony Plains
Stony Plains, an interim Australian bioregion, comprises 13,166,372 hectares (32,534,810 acres), and is part of two state/territories of Australia: the Northern Territory and South Australia.

The bioregion has the code STP. There are seven subregions.
Zhao (state)
Zhao (traditional Chinese: 趙; simplified Chinese: 赵) was one of the seven major states during the Warring States period of ancient China. It emerged from the tripartite division of Jin, along with Han and Wei, in the 5th century BC. Zhao gained considerable strength from the military reforms initiated during the reign of King Wuling, but suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of Qin at the Battle of Changping. Its territory included areas in the modern provinces of Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi. It bordered the states of Qin, Wei, and Yan, as well as various nomadic peoples including the Hu and Xiongnu. Its capital was Handan, in modern Hebei province.

Zhao was home to the administrative philosopher Shen Dao, Confucian Xun Kuang, and Gongsun Long, who is affiliated to the school of names.

Taiyuan
Taiyuan (Taiyuan Jin: [tʰai˦˥ ye˩˩]) is the capital of Shanxi, China. Taiyuan is the political, economic, cultural and international exchange center of Shanxi Province, containing an industrial base focusing on energy and heavy chemicals. Throughout its long history, Taiyuan was the capital or provisional capital of many dynasties in China, hence the name Lóngchéng (龙城; The City of Dragon).

As of 2021, the city governs 6 districts, 3 counties, and hosts a county-level city with a total area of 6,988 square kilometers and a permanent population of 5,390,957.

Taiyuan is located roughly in the centre of Shanxi, with the Fen River flowing through the central city.
Gray (singer)
Lee Seong-hwa (Korean: 이성화; born December 8, 1986), better known by his stage name Gray (그레이; stylized as GRAY), is a South Korean rapper and record producer. In 2012, he released his debut single "Blink" (Korean: 깜빡; RR: Kkamppak). In 2021, he released his first studio album Grayground.

Simon Dominic
Jung Ki-suck (Korean: 정기석; born 9 March 1984), better known by his stage name Simon Dominic (Korean: 사이먼 도미닉), is a South Korean rapper. He debuted in 2009 as a member of the hip-hop duo Supreme Team, which disbanded in 2013. As a solo artist, he has released two studio albums: Simon Dominic Presents: SNL League Begins (2011) and Darkroom (2018), and two extended plays: Won & Only (2015) and No Open Flames (2019).

In addition to rapping, Simon Dominic was the co-CEO of hip hop record label AOMG from 2014 to 2018. He was also a cast member on South Korean variety shows, including Show Me the Money 5 (2016) and I Live Alone (2018).