hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph Achron
Joseph Yulyevich Achron, also seen as Akhron (Russian: Иосиф Юльевич Ахрон, Hebrew: יוסף אחרון) (May 1, 1886 – April 29, 1943) was a Russian composer and violinist, who settled in the United States.  His preoccupation with Jewish elements and his desire to develop a "Jewish" harmonic and contrapuntal idiom, underscored and informed much of his work. His friend, the composer Arnold Schoenberg, described Achron in his obituary as "one of the most underrated modern composers".

Lazare Saminsky
Lazare Saminsky (born Lazar Semyonovich Saminsky (Russian: Лазарь (Элиэзер) Семенович Саминский; 27 October 1882 O.S. / 8 November N.S. – 30 June 1959) was a Russian-American performer, conductor and composer, especially of Jewish music.
Ingham County, Michigan
Ingham County (/ˈɪŋəm/ ING-um) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 284,900. The county seat is Mason. Lansing, the state capital of Michigan, is largely located within the county. Lansing is the only state capital in the United States located in a county of which it is not also the seat of government. The county is home to Michigan State University, Lansing Community College, and the Class A minor league baseball team Lansing Lugnuts. Ingham County is included in the Lansing–East Lansing, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is considered to be a part of Mid Michigan.

Hillsdale County, Michigan
Hillsdale County is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 45,746.  The county seat is Hillsdale. Hillsdale County is the only county in Michigan to border both Indiana and Ohio. Due to an angle in the state's border with Ohio, Hillsdale County has the southernmost point in Michigan. Hillsdale County is conterminous with the Hillsdale, MI Micropolitan Statistical Area. The county is the home of Hillsdale College, a private liberal-arts college. The Hillsdale County Courthouse was designed by Claire Allen, a prominent southern Michigan architect.
South Para River
The South Para River is a river located in the Mount Lofty Ranges northeast of Adelaide in the Australian state of South Australia.

The river's name is based directly on the Kaurna word pari which means river. The "south" descriptor distinguishes it from the North Para River with which it merges.

Gawler River (South Australia)
The Gawler River is a river located in the Adelaide Plains district of the Mid North region in the Australian state of South Australia.

The district surrounding the river produces cereal crops and sheep for both meat and wool, as well as market gardens, almond orchards and vineyards.
Giller Prize
The Giller Prize (formerly known as the Scotiabank Giller Prize from 2005 to 2025) is a literary award given to a Canadian author of a novel or short story collection published in English (including translation) the previous year, after an annual juried competition between publishers who submit entries. The prize was established in 1994 by Toronto businessman Jack Rabinovitch in honour of his late wife Doris Giller, a former literary editor at the Toronto Star, and is awarded in November of each year along with a cash reward (then CAN$25,000) with the winner being presented by the previous year's winning author.

Since its inception, the Giller Prize has been awarded to emerging and established authors from both small independent and large publishing houses in Canada.

In February of 2025, the Giller Prize severed its relationship with Scotiabank, its main sponsor, after more than a year of protests.

Alice Munro
Alice Ann Munro OOnt (/mənˈroʊ/ mən-ROH; née Laidlaw; 10 July 1931 – 13 May 2024) was a Canadian short story writer who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2013. Her work tends to move forward and backward in time, with integrated short story cycles.

Munro's fiction is most often set in her native Huron County in southwestern Ontario. Her stories explore human complexities in a simple but meticulous prose style. Munro received the Man Booker International Prize in 2009 for her life's work. She was also a three-time winner of Canada's Governor General's Award for Fiction, and received the Writers' Trust of Canada's 1996 Marian Engel Award and the 2004 Rogers Writers' Trust Fiction Prize for Runaway. She stopped writing around 2013 and died at her home in 2024.
Ursus (mammal)
Ursus is a genus in the family Ursidae (bears) that includes the widely distributed brown bear, the polar bear, the American black bear, and the
Asian black bear. The name is derived from the Latin ursus, meaning bear.

Meles (genus)
Meles is a genus of badgers containing four living species known as Eurasian badgers, the Japanese badger (Meles anakuma), Asian badger (Meles leucurus), Caucasian badger (Meles canescens) and European badger (Meles meles). In an older categorization, they were seen as a single species with three subspecies (Meles meles anakuma, Meles meles leucurus and Meles meles meles). There are also several extinct members of the genus. They are members of the subfamily Melinae of the weasel family, Mustelidae.
Hungarian language
Hungarian, or Magyar (Magyar nyelv, pronounced [ˈmɒɟɒr ˈɲɛlv] ⓘ), is a Ugric language of the Uralic language family spoken in Hungary and parts of several neighboring countries. It is the official language of Hungary and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union. Outside Hungary, it is also spoken by Hungarian communities in southern Slovakia, western Ukraine (Transcarpathia), central and western Romania (Transylvania), northern Serbia (Vojvodina), northern Croatia, northeastern Slovenia (Prekmurje), and eastern Austria (Burgenland).

It is also spoken by Hungarian diaspora communities worldwide, especially in North America (particularly the United States and Canada) and Israel. With 14 million speakers, it is the Uralic family's most widely spoken language.

Žilina
Žilina (Slovak: [ˈʒilina] ⓘ; Hungarian: Zsolna [ˈʒolnɒ]; German: Sillein [zɪˈlaɪn, ˈzɪlaɪn]; Polish: Żylina [ʐɨˈlina] ⓘ; names in other languages) is a city in north-western Slovakia, around 170 kilometres (110 mi) from the capital Bratislava, close to both the Czech and Polish borders. It is the fourth largest city of Slovakia with a population of approximately 80,000, an important industrial center, the largest city on the Váh river, and the seat of a kraj (Žilina Region) and of an okres (Žilina District). It belongs to the Upper Váh region of tourism.
USS Port Royal (1862)
USS Port Royal was a double-ended gunboat built for the U.S. Navy during the American Civil War. The vessel was assigned to patrol the rivers and other waterways of the Confederate States of America and to enforce the Union blockade on the South.

USRC Naugatuck
USRC Naugatuck was a twin-screw ironclad experimental steamer operated by the United States Revenue-Marine during the American Civil War. She served the United States Department of the Treasury initially as USRC E. A. Stevens before being renamed Naugatuck, a name she retained until sold in 1890. The Treasury Department loaned her to the United States Navy and thus she was mistakenly referred to in U.S. Navy dispatches during early 1862 as "USS Naugatuck".
Pinnation
Pinnation (also called pennation) is the arrangement of feather-like or multi-divided features arising from both sides of a common axis. Pinnation occurs in biological morphology, in crystals, such as some forms of ice or metal crystals, and in patterns of erosion or stream beds.

The term derives from the Latin word pinna meaning "feather", "wing", or "fin". A similar concept is "pectination", which is a comb-like arrangement of parts (arising from one side of an axis only). Pinnation is commonly referred to in contrast to "palmation", in which the parts or structures radiate out from a common point. The terms "pinnation" and "pennation" are cognates, and although they are sometimes used distinctly, there is no consistent difference in the meaning or usage of the two words.

Glabrousness
Glabrousness (from Latin  glaber 'bald, hairless, shaved, smooth, etc.') is the technical term for a lack of hair, down, setae, trichomes, or other such covering. A glabrous surface may be a natural characteristic of all or part of a plant or animal, or be due to loss because of a physical condition, such as alopecia universalis in humans, which causes hair to fall out or not regrow.
1971 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu
The 1971 Indian general election polls in Tamil Nadu were held for 39 seats in the state. After winning in 1967, DMK supported the Congress party under Indira Gandhi, and the 25 DMK MPs, ensured her to stay in power as a minority government, from 1969 to 1971. This state was crucial for Indira Gandhi to hold, in order for her to stay in power.  The result was a victory for Indian National Congress (Indira) and its ally Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam winning 38 seats (with 5 seats going to the Left Front), while Opposition Congress and Swatantra Party could only win 1 seat.  DMK won every seat it contested except the seat contested by K. Kamarajar in Nagercoil.

1967 Indian general election in Madras State
The 1967 Indian general election polls in Tamil Nadu were held for 39 seats in the state. The result was a huge victory for Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, led by C.N. Annadurai and its ally Swatantra Party, led by C. Rajagopalachari. Madras was the first and one of few states, where a non-Congress Party won more seats than Congress in a state. A huge wave of anti-incumbency against the Congress was present in Madras, 1967, which led to the defeat of the popular leader K. Kamaraj and his party in both the state and national elections, won by DMK and its allies.  After this election, the DMK supported the Congress party under Indira Gandhi.
5 ft 6 in gauge railway
5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm), also known as the Indian gauge is a broad track gauge, used in India, Pakistan, western Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Argentina, Chile, and on BART (San Francisco Bay Area).

In North America, it is called Indian, Provincial, Portland, or Texas gauge (or in the San Francisco Bay Area region of California, BART gauge). In Argentina and Chile, it is known as "trocha ancha" (Spanish for "broad gauge"). In the Indian subcontinent it is simply known as "broad gauge". It is the widest gauge in use of heavy-duty mainline railways in the world.

Komagata Maru Budge Budge railway station
Komagata Maru Budge Budge (previously known as Budge Budge) is a terminal station of Kolkata Suburban Railway on the Budge Budge Branch line. It is under the jurisdiction of the Sealdah railway division in the Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It serves the local area of Budge Budge in South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
2013 Under-21 Provincial Championship
The 2013 ABSA Under-21 Provincial Championship will be contested from 12 July to 26 October 2013. The tournament will feature the Under-21 players from the fourteen provincial rugby unions in South Africa.

2013 Under-19 Provincial Championship
The 2013 ABSA Under-19 Provincial Championship will be contested from 12 July to 26 October 2013. The tournament will feature the Under-19 players from the fourteen provincial rugby unions in South Africa.
Foundation (engineering)
In engineering, a foundation is the element of a structure which connects it to the ground or more rarely, water (as with floating structures), transferring loads from the structure to the ground. Foundations are generally considered either shallow or deep.  Foundation engineering is the application of soil mechanics and rock mechanics (geotechnical engineering) in the design of foundation elements of structures.

Ashlar
Ashlar (/ˈæʃlər/) is cut and dressed stone worked to achieve a specific form, typically rectangular; a structure built from such stones; and the look created by the dressing technique.  Ashlar stone may be dry laid or bedded in mortar.
Onís
Onís is a municipality in the autonomous community of Asturias, Spain. As of 2023, the population of the municipality equaled 746. Onís is bordered on the north by Llanes, on the south by the province of León, to the east by Cabrales and to the west by Cangas de Onís. The area of the municipality is 75 km2, with more than a third of its territory falling within Picos de Europa National Park. the Pico de Verdilluenga, one of the peaks of the Picos de Europa, is the highest point in the municipality, standing at 2,129 m. The municipality comprises three parishes:

Onís, which contains the settlements of Benia (the municipal capital), Avín, El Castru, Los Menores, Pandellavandes, Silviella, Talaveru, and Villar;

Bobia, which contains the settlements of Bobia de Abajo (Bovia Baxu), Bobia de Arriba (Bovia Riba), Demués, and Gamonéu; and

La Robellada, which contains the settlements of La Robellada and El Pedroso (Pedrosu).

Parres
Parres is a municipality in the Autonomous Community of the Principality of Asturias, Spain. It is bordered on the north by Caravia and Ribadesella, on the east by Cangas de Onís, on the west by Piloña and Colunga, and on the south by Amieva.

The municipality's capital is the village of Arriondas, which sits on the banks of both the rivers Piloña and Sella. The municipality consists of two main valleys (of the rivers Sella and Piloña) that stretch around the north. The rest consists of mountains from the Cantabrian Mountains and, to the north west, the Sierra del Sueve.
Oenomys
Oenomys is a genus of African rodents known as rufous-nosed rats. They occur from south-east Guinea and Ghana through the Congo forest to Uganda and Kenya. The nose is reddish, or at least the cheeks, which suggested both the English and scientific names (oeno- means "wine" and -mys denotes a mouselike animal in Greek).

The two recognised, living species occupy separate geographical ranges:

Oenomys hypoxanthus (Pucheran, 1855), common rufous-nosed rat
Oenomys hypoxanthus albiventris (Eisentraut, 1968), a montane subspecies

Oenomys ornatus (Thomas, 1911), Ghana rufous-nosed rat

†Oenomys tiercelini

Thomas's pygmy mouse
The Thomas's pygmy mouse (Mus sorella) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae.
It is found in Angola, Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, and dry savanna.
Hsu Yu-hsiou
Hsu Yu-hsiou (Chinese: 許育修; born 2 April 1999) is a Taiwanese tennis player.

He has a career high ATP singles ranking of world No. 158 achieved on 16 October 2023. He also has a career high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 145 achieved on 17 November 2025. Hsu is currently the No. 2 Taiwanese tennis player.

Huang Tsung-hao
Huang Tsung-hao (born 22 November 1999) is a Taiwanese tennis player. Huang has a career high ATP singles ranking of world No. 474 achieved on 29 September 2025 and a doubles ranking of No. 153 achieved on 23 February 2026.

Huang represents Chinese Taipei at the Davis Cup, where he has a win-loss record of 1–2.
Nzérékoré Prefecture
Nzérékoré is a prefecture located in the Nzérékoré Region of Guinea. The capital is Nzérékoré. The prefecture covers an area of 3,632 square kilometres (1,402 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 396,949.

Sub-prefectures of Guinea
The sub-prefectures (known in French as sous-prefectures) are the third-level administrative divisions in Guinea. As of 2009 there were 303 rural sub-prefectures of Guinea and 38 urban sub-prefectures, 5 of which compose the Conakry greater urban area; Kaloum, Dixinn, Matam, Ratoma and Matoto.
Writers Guild of America Awards
The Writers Guild of America Awards is an award for film, television, and radio writing including both fiction and non-fiction categories given by the Writers Guild of America, East and Writers Guild of America West since 1949.

Critics' Choice Awards
The Critics' Choice Awards (formerly known as the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award) is an awards show presented annually by the American Critics Choice Association (CCA) to honor the finest in cinematic achievement. Written ballots are submitted during a week-long nominating period, and the resulting nominees are announced in December. The winners chosen by subsequent voting are revealed at the annual Critics' Choice Movie Awards ceremony in January. Additionally, special awards are given out at the discretion of the BFCA Board of Directors.
2015 Presidents Cup
The 2015 Presidents Cup was the 11th Presidents Cup, played at the Jack Nicklaus Golf Club Korea in Incheon, South Korea from 8–11 October. It was the first time the Presidents Cup was played in Asia.

The United States won for the sixth successive time with a 151⁄2–141⁄2 victory over the International team, tied with the 1996 Presidents Cup (161⁄2–151⁄2) for the narrowest margin of victory.

2017 Presidents Cup
The 2017 Presidents Cup was the 12th edition of the Presidents Cup golf competition, played at Liberty National Golf Club in Jersey City, New Jersey, from September 28 to October 1, 2017. Steve Stricker and Nick Price were the captains of the U.S. and the International teams, respectively.

The United States were the defending champions and retained the trophy.

President Trump presented U.S. Captain Steve Stricker with the trophy. He became the first incumbent U.S. president to do so.
Locomotive
A locomotive is a rail vehicle that provides the motive power for a train. Traditionally, locomotives pulled trains from the front. However, push–pull operation has become common, and in the pursuit for longer and heavier freight trains,  companies are increasingly using distributed power: single or multiple  locomotives placed at the front and rear and at intermediate points throughout the train under the control of the leading locomotive.

Railfan
A railfan, train fan, rail buff or train buff (American English), railway enthusiast, railway buff, anorak (British English), gunzel (Australian English), trainspotter (British English) or ferroequinologist is a person who is recreationally interested in trains and rail transport systems.

Railfans often combine their interest with other hobbies, especially photography and videography, radio scanning, railway modelling, studying railroad history and participating in railway station and rolling stock preservation efforts. There are many magazines and websites dedicated to railfanning and railway enthusiasts, including Trains, Railfan & Railroad, The Railway Magazine, Locomotive Magazine and Railway Gazette International.
Battle of Mansfield
The Battle of Mansfield, also known as the Battle of Sabine Crossroads, on April 8, 1864, in Louisiana formed part of the Red River Campaign during the American Civil War, when Union forces were attempting to occupy the Louisiana state capital, Shreveport.

The Confederate commander, Major-General Dick Taylor, chose Mansfield as the place where he would make his stand against the advancing Union army under General Nathaniel Banks. Taylor concentrated his forces at Sabine Crossroads, knowing that reinforcements were nearby. Banks prepared for a fight, though his own army was not fully assembled either. Both sides were reinforced by stages throughout the day.

After a brief resistance, the Union army was routed by the Confederates, consisting mainly of units from Louisiana and Texas, reportedly strengthened by hundreds of men breaking parole. The Battle of Mansfield was followed immediately by the Battle of Pleasant Hill.

Battle of Fort Bisland
The Battle of Fort Bisland was fought in the American Civil War between Union Major General Nathaniel P. Banks against Confederate Major General Richard Taylor during Banks' operations against the Bayou Teche region in southern Louisiana.
Campanian
The Campanian is the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous epoch on the geologic timescale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). In chronostratigraphy, it is the fifth of six stages in the Upper Cretaceous Series. Campanian spans the time from 83.6 (± 0.2) to 72.2 (± 0.2) million years ago. It is preceded by the Santonian and it is followed by the Maastrichtian.

The Campanian was an age when a worldwide sea level rise covered many coastal areas. The morphology of some of these areas has been preserved: it is an unconformity beneath a cover of marine sedimentary rocks.

Adamantina Formation
The Adamantina Formation is a geological formation in the Bauru Basin of western São Paulo state in southeastern Brazil.

Its strata date back to the Late Cretaceous epoch of the Cretaceous Period, during the Mesozoic Era. The formation is part of the Bauru Group in the northeastern Paraná Basin.
Pinus contorta
Pinus contorta, with the common names lodgepole pine, shore pine, twisted pine, and contorta pine, is an evergreen species of conifer tree. It is a common pine in western North America, found near the ocean shore and in dry montane forests to the subalpine, but is rare in lowland rain forests.

Larix laricina
Larix laricina, commonly known as the tamarack, hackmatack, eastern larch, black larch, red larch, or American larch, is a species of larch native to Canada, from eastern Yukon and Inuvik, Northwest Territories east to Newfoundland, and also south into the upper northeastern United States from Minnesota to Cranesville Swamp, West Virginia; there is also an isolated population in central Alaska.
2022 World Wrestling Championships
The 2022 World Wrestling Championships was the 17th edition of the World Wrestling Championships of combined events and was held between 10 and 18 September 2022 in Belgrade, Serbia.

The UWW Bureau approved the candidature of Belgrade, Serbia as the host of the 2023 Senior World Championships. However, due to the restrictions on Russia for hosting World Championships in 2021–2022, Belgrade replaced the former city of Krasnoyarsk as the World Championships host for 2022. In addition, Russian and Belarusian athletes have been banned from 2022 World Championships.

2022 Dan Kolov & Nikola Petrov Tournament
The 59th Dan Kolov & Nikola Petrov Tournament was wrestling event held in Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria between 17 and 20 February 2022.

This international tournament included competition in both men's and women's freestyle wrestling and men's Greco-Roman wrestling. This tournament was held in honor of Dan Kolov who was the first European freestyle wrestling champion from Bulgaria and European and World Champion Nikola Petroff.
Engadget
Engadget (/ɪnˈɡædʒɪt/ in-GAJ-it) is a technology news, reviews and analysis website offering daily coverage of gadgets, consumer electronics, video games, gaming hardware, apps, social media, streaming, AI, space, robotics, electric vehicles and other potentially consumer-facing technology. The site's content includes short-form news posts, reported features, news analysis, product reviews, buying guides, two weekly video shows, The Engadget Podcast, The Morning After newsletter and a weekly deals newsletter. It has been operated by Yahoo! Inc. since September 2021.

Kotaku
Kotaku is a video game website and blog that was originally launched in 2004 as part of the Gawker Media network. Notable former contributors to the site include Luke Smith, Cecilia D'Anastasio, Tim Rogers, and Jason Schreier.

On July 2, 2025, it was announced that Keleops Group had completed its acquisition of Kotaku.