hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Magnus, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen
Magnus, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen (1455 – 29 October 1524) was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Köthen.

He was the third (but eldest surviving) son of Adolph I, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, by his wife Cordula, daughter of Albert III, Count of Lindau-Ruppin.

Waldemar VI, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen
Waldemar VI, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen (1450 – Köthen, 1 November 1508), was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Köthen.

He was the eldest son of George I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, by his second wife Sophie, possibly a member of the House of Hohnstein.
Serial killer
A serial killer (also called a serial murderer) is an individual who murders three or more people, with the killings taking place over a period of more than one month in three or more separate events.  The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) states that the motives of serial killers can include anger, thrill-seeking, attention seeking, and financial gain, and killings may be executed as such. The victims tend to have things in common, such as demographic profile, appearance, gender, or race. As a group, serial killers have a variety of personality disorders. They are often not adjudicated as insane under the law. Although a serial killer is a distinct classification that differs from that of a mass murderer, spree killer, or contract killer, there are overlaps between them.

Ed Gein
Edward Theodore Gein (/ɡiːn/; August 27, 1906 – July 26, 1984), also known as the Butcher of Plainfield and the Plainfield Ghoul, was an American murderer and body snatcher. His crimes, committed around his hometown of Plainfield, Wisconsin, gathered widespread notoriety in 1957 after authorities discovered that he stole corpses from local graveyards and fashioned keepsakes from their bones and skin. He also confessed to killing two women: tavern owner Mary Hogan in 1954 and hardware store owner Bernice Worden in 1957.

Gein was initially found unfit to stand trial and confined to a mental health facility. By 1968 he was judged competent to stand trial. He was found guilty of the murder of Worden, but was found legally insane and thus was remanded to a psychiatric institution.
British Academy of Film and Television Arts
The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA, /ˈbæftə/) is an independent trade association and charity that supports, develops, and promotes the arts of film, television and video games in the United Kingdom. In addition to its annual award ceremonies, BAFTA has an international programme of learning events and initiatives offering access to talent through workshops, masterclasses, scholarships, lectures, and mentoring schemes in the United Kingdom and the United States.

BAFTA's annual film awards ceremony, the British Academy Film Awards, has been held since 1949, while its annual television awards ceremony, the British Academy Television Awards, has been held since 1955. Their third ceremony, the British Academy Games Awards, was first presented in 2004.

National Television Awards
The National Television Awards (often shortened to NTAs) is a British television awards ceremony, broadcast by the ITV network and begun in 1995. The National Television Awards are the most prominent ceremony for which the results are voted on by the general public and are often branded as "television's biggest night of the year". In addition, an equivalent awards ceremony for film, called the National Movie Awards, was held in 2007 and 2008, before being revived in 2010 but has not been held since 2011.
2015 Rostelecom Cup
The 2015 Rostelecom Cup was the fifth event of six in the 2015–16 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating, a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held at the Luzhniki Small Sports Arena in Moscow on November 20–22. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 2015–16 Grand Prix Final.

2015–16 ISU Challenger Series
The 2015–16 ISU Challenger Series was held from September to December 2015. It was the second season that the ISU Challenger Series, a group of senior-level international figure skating competitions, was held.
Private Walker
Private Joe Walker is a fictional black market spiv (or "wholesales supplier", as he describes it) and Home Guard platoon member, first portrayed by James Beck in the British television sitcom Dad's Army. Appearing in the first six series, Walker was one of the seven primary characters in Dad's Army.

Private Frazer
Private James Frazer is a fictional Home Guard platoon member and undertaker, first portrayed by John Laurie in the BBC television sitcom Dad's Army. He is noted for his catchphrases "We're doomed!" and "Rubbish!"
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is an American 501(c)(3) charitable professional organization for electrical engineering, electronics engineering, and related disciplines. Today, it is a global network of more than 486,000 engineering and STEM professionals across a variety of disciplines whose core purpose is to foster technological innovation for the benefit of humanity.

The IEEE has a corporate office in New York City and an operations center in Piscataway, New Jersey. The IEEE was formed in 1963 as an amalgamation of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers and the Institute of Radio Engineers.

Engineering Institute of Canada
The Engineering Institute of Canada (EIC; French: l'Institut canadien des ingénieurs; ICI) is a federation of fourteen engineering societies based in Canada, covering a broad range of engineering branches, and with a history going back to 1887. First known as the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers, it became the first national professional engineering society in Canada.
Johnny Swinger
Joseph Dorgan (born July 3, 1975) is an American professional wrestler. Dorgan is  known for his appearances with World Championship Wrestling, Extreme Championship Wrestling and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), under the Johnny Swinger name (sometimes shortened to simply Swinger) and with World Wrestling Entertainment as Johnny Parisi.

TNA Impact!
TNA Impact!, also known as TNA Thursday Night Impact! or simply Impact! (stylized as iMPACT!), is an American professional wrestling television program produced by the American promotion Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) that debuted on June 4, 2004. It also features wrestlers from WWE's NXT brand due to the working relationship between the two companies.

The series currently airs every Thursday at 9 p.m. Eastern Time (ET) on AMC as well as streaming on AMC+ in the United States and TNA+ internationally, owned by its parent company Anthem Sports & Entertainment. It premiered on AMC on January 15, 2026.
Luteolin
Luteolin is a flavone, a type of flavonoid, with a yellow crystalline appearance.

Luteolin is the main yellow dye from the Reseda luteola plant, used for dyeing since at least the first millennium B.C. Luteolin was first isolated in pure form, and was named in 1829 by the French chemist, Michel Eugène Chevreul.

Luteolin is a phytochemical present in leaves, bark, flower blossoms, pollens, various vegetables, and herbs.

Apigenin
Apigenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone), found in many plants, is a flavone compound that is the aglycone of several naturally occurring glycosides. It is a yellow crystalline solid that has been used to dye wool.

Apigenin is abundant in parsley, celery, celeriac, and chamomile flowers. It occurs in many fruits and vegetables, with the highest concentrations in dried and fresh parsley.
Onondaga County, New York
Onondaga County (/ˌɒnənˈdɑːɡə/ ON-ən-DAH-gə) is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 476,516. The county seat is Syracuse. The county is part of the Central New York region of the state.

Onondaga County is the core of the Syracuse Metropolitan Statistical Area.

St. Lawrence County, New York
St. Lawrence County is the northernmost county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 108,505. The county seat is Canton.
The county is named for the Saint Lawrence River. This was as named by early French explorer Jacques Cartier for the Christian saint Lawrence of Rome, as he visited the river on the saint's feast day. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.

St. Lawrence County comprises the Ogdensburg-Massena, NY Micropolitan Statistical Area and is New York's largest county by area.
Benoni, South Africa
Benoni is a town on the East Rand, Gauteng, South Africa, some 26 kilometres (16 mi) east of Johannesburg, within the City of Ekurhuleni municipality.

Benoni was also the setting for the MTV-inspired movie Crazy Monkey: Straight Outta Benoni, released internationally in 2005.

Alberton, South Africa
Alberton is a town situated on the southern part of the East Rand of the Gauteng Province in South Africa, just south-east of the major urban centre of Johannesburg.

Alberton is described as a typical suburban community, one which is primarily residential in character, with most of its workers commuting to work in nearby suburbs or cities such as Johannesburg and Germiston.
Albanians in Montenegro
Albanians in Montenegro (Albanian: Shqiptarët e Malit të Zi; Montenegrin: Албанци у Црној Гори, romanized: Albanci u Crnoj Gori) are ethnic Albanians who constitute 4.97% of Montenegro's total population. They are the largest non-Slavic ethnic group in Montenegro.

Albanians are particularly concentrated in southeastern and eastern Montenegro alongside the border with Albania in the following municipalities including Ulcinj (73.5% of total population), Tuzi (62.6%), Gusinje (34.4%), Plav (9.4%), and Rožaje (5.1%).

The largest Montenegrin town with significant Albanian population is Ulcinj, where the Albanian National Council is located. In 2022, Dritan Abazović became the first ethnic Albanian to hold the office of Prime Minister of Montenegro.

Bosniaks of Montenegro
Bosniaks are an ethnic minority in Montenegro, first introduced in the 2003 census. According to the last census from 2023, the total number of Bosniaks in Montenegro was 58,956 or 9.45% of the population. Bosniaks are the third largest ethnic group in the country, after Montenegrins and Serbs.
Panthera
Panthera is a genus within the family Felidae, and one of two extant genera in the subfamily Pantherinae. It contains the largest living members of the cat family. There are five living species: the jaguar, leopard, lion, snow leopard and tiger. Numerous extinct species are also named, including the cave lion and American lion.

Puma (genus)
Puma (/ˈpjuːmə/ or /ˈpuːmə/) is a genus in the family Felidae whose only extant species is the cougar (also known as the puma, mountain lion, and panther, among other names), and may also include several poorly known Old World fossil representatives (for example, Puma pardoides, or Owen's panther, a large, cougar-like cat of Eurasia's Pliocene). In addition to these potential Old World fossils, a few  New World fossil representatives are possible, such as Puma pumoides and the two species of the so-called "American cheetah", currently classified under the genus Miracinonyx.
Poule d'Essai des Pouliches
The Poule d'Essai des Pouliches is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to three-year-old thoroughbred fillies. It is run over a distance of 1,600 metres (about 1 mile) at Longchamp in May. It is France's equivalent of the 1000 Guineas run in Britain.

Prix Jacques Le Marois
The Prix Jacques Le Marois is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbred colts and fillies aged three years or older. It is run in August each year at Deauville over a distance of 1,600 metres (about 1 mile).
Pashto
Pashto (/ˈpʌʃtoʊ/,/ˈpæʃtoʊ/ PASH-toh; پښتو, Pəx̌tó, [pəʂˈto, pʊxˈto, pəʃˈto, pəçˈto]) is an eastern Iranian language in the Indo-European language family, natively spoken in northwestern Pakistan and southern and eastern Afghanistan. It has official status in Afghanistan. It was also known in historical Persian literature as Afghani (افغانی, Afghāni).

Spoken as a native language mainly by ethnic Pashtuns, it is one of the two official languages of Afghanistan alongside Dari, and it is spoken as the second-largest provincial language in Pakistan, spoken mainly in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the northern districts of Balochistan. Likewise, it is the primery language of the Pashtun diaspora around the world. The total number of Pashto-speakers is estimated at around 35 million to 55 million. Pashto is "one of the primary markers of ethnic identity" amongst Pashtuns.

Ormur
The Ormur (Pashto: اورمړ), also called Burki or Baraki (Pashto: برکي), are an Eastern Iranic people and Pashtun tribe mainly living in Baraki Barak, in the Logar province of Afghanistan and in Kaniguram, in the South Waziristan district of Pakistan.
Olomouc
Olomouc (Czech pronunciation: [ˈolomouts] ⓘ; German: Olmütz) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 103,000 inhabitants, making it the sixth largest city in the country. It is the administrative centre of the Olomouc Region.

Located on the Morava River, the city is the ecclesiastical metropolis and was a historical co-capital city of Moravia, before having been occupied by the Swedish army during the Thirty Years' War. The historic city centre is well preserved and is protected as urban monument reservation. The Holy Trinity Column was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000 for its quintessential Baroque style and symbolic value.

Liberec
Liberec (Czech pronunciation: [ˈlɪbɛrɛts] ⓘ; German: Reichenberg) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 108,000 inhabitants, making it the fifth largest city in the country. It lies on the Lusatian Neisse River, in a basin surrounded by mountains. The city centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

Liberec was once home to a thriving textile industry and hence nicknamed the "Manchester of Bohemia". A symbol of the city and the main landmark of the panorama of Liberec is the Ještěd Tower. Since the end of the 19th century, the city has been a conurbation with the suburb of Vratislavice nad Nisou and the neighbouring city of Jablonec nad Nisou.
Alta Vista, San Diego
Alta Vista is a small neighborhood in southeastern San Diego, California, United States. It is bordered by National City to the west, Bay Terraces to the east, Encanto and Valencia Park to the north.

With the great influx of Filipino immigrants joining the United States Navy, especially from the Vietnam War era on to the 1990s, many Filipinos inhabited the Southeast San Diego neighborhoods of Alta Vista, Bay Terraces, Paradise Hills, Shelltown, Skyline Hills, and Valencia Park, both for the relatively affordable housing prices and its close proximity to Naval Base San Diego.

Lincoln Park, San Diego
Lincoln Park is an urban community in the southeastern section of San Diego, California. It is bordered by Chollas View and the San Diego Trolley to the north, Mountain View and Interstate 805 to the west, Valencia Park and Euclid Avenue to the east, and National City, California, to the south. Major thoroughfares include Imperial Avenue, Ocean View Boulevard, and Logan Avenue.
Modoc people
The Modoc are an Indigenous American people who historically lived in the area which is now northeastern California and central Southern Oregon. Currently, they include two federally recognized tribes, the Klamath Tribes in Oregon and the Modoc Tribe of Oklahoma, now known as the Modoc Nation.

Maidu
The Maidu are a Native American people of northern California. They reside in the central Sierra Nevada, in the watershed area of the Feather and American Rivers and in Humbug Valley. In Maiduan languages, maidu means "person".
Georgia State Route 73
State Route 73 (SR 73) is a 78.1-mile-long (125.7 km) state highway in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. It connects Glennville with the South Carolina state line, via Claxton, Statesboro, Dover, and Sylvania. Except for a brief portion in the Sylvania area, it is completely concurrent with U.S. Route 301 (US 301). Its southern terminus is at US 25/US 301/SR 23/SR 57 and SR 144 in Glennville. Its northern terminus is at the South Carolina state line, east of Millhaven, where US 301 enters that state.

Georgia State Route 129
State Route 129 (SR 129) is a 26.8-mile-long (43.1 km) state highway that travels southeast-to-northwest through portions of Evans, Tattnall, and Candler counties in the east-central part of the U.S. state of Georgia. It connects the towns of Claxton and Metter.
Streaming television
Streaming television is the digital distribution of television media content, such as films and series, over Internet-based streaming media platforms. In contrast to over-the-air, cable, and satellite transmissions, or IPTV service, streaming television is provided as over-the-top media (OTT). Television content includes productions made by or for OTT services, and acquired by them with licensing agreements. The length of a streaming television series episode can be anywhere from thirty to sixty minutes (some episodes may be longer).

By 2023, streaming television represented 38% of global TV viewing with 1.8 billion subscriptions to streaming platforms. In 2024, streaming television became "the dominant form of TV viewing" in the United States. It surpassed cable and network television viewing in 2025.

Of the top streaming platforms, Netflix had over 325 million subscribers as of December 2025, making it the most popular global streaming television platform.

Webisode
A webisode (portmanteau of "web" and "episode") is an episode of a web series. It is a single installment of a web series program. The length of a webisode is short and ranges from 3–15 minutes.

A webisode is distributed through the public Internet, on personal websites and video-sharing websites such as Vimeo or YouTube. It is available for either streaming or download. The format can be used as part of a collection of shorts, an advertisement, preview, promotion, or raw metadata.
Ajuran (clan)
The Ajuran (Somali: Ajuuraan, Beesha Ajuuraan, Moorshe, Arabic: أجوران) is a Somali clan, part of the Jambelle clan which itself belongs to the largest Somali clan-family — the Hawiye. Ajuran members largely inhabit Kenya as well as southern east Ethiopia; considerable numbers are also found in southern Somalia. Some Ajuran members are settled in Mogadishu.

Abgaal
The Abgaal  (Somali: Abgaal; Arabic: أبگال) are a Somali sub-clan of the Hawiye and the even larger Samaale clan. This prominent Somali clan, despite being one of the youngest in Somalia, is one of the most significant in the nation's history and has given rise to many notable figures, including three presidents, including the current one as well as the founding father of the Somali military. Their stronghold is the capital city of Somalia, Mogadishu, where they are known to be the earliest inhabitants and they currently constitute the majority of the population there.
Virgo (constellation)
Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac. The name means "maiden" in Latin and its traditional astrological symbol is . Between Leo to the west and Libra to the east, lying in the south, it is the second-largest constellation in the sky (after Hydra) and the largest constellation in the zodiac. The ecliptic intersects the celestial equator within this constellation and Pisces. Underlying these technical two definitions, the sun passes directly overhead of the equator, within this constellation, at the September equinox. Virgo can be easily found through its brightest star, Spica, (in Latin "grain headed").

Light-year
A light-year, alternatively spelled light year (ly or lyr), is a unit of length used to express astronomical distances and is equal to exactly 9460730472580.8 km, which is approximately 9.46 trillion kilometres or 5.88 trillion miles. As defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), a light-year is the distance that light travels in vacuum in one Julian year (365.25 days). Despite its inclusion of the word "year", the term is not a unit of time.

The light-year is most often used when expressing distances to stars and other distances on a galactic scale, especially in non-specialist contexts and popular science publications. The unit most commonly used in professional astronomy is the parsec (pc), approximately 3.26 light-years.
Brian Riley (rugby league)
Brian Riley was a New Zealand international rugby league footballer.

He was born on 19 January 1915, to Elizabeth (1874-1928) and Oliver Nathaniel Riley (1871-1952). His older brother Lawrence Leonard Riley (known by Leonard though nicknamed 'Spot') played for Ponsonby United also, and was captain of the senior side. He was still playing when Brian debuted in 1933 at the age of 18 with Leonard aged 28. He also had an older sister, Rene Ruth Riley who was born in 1906. His first match for Ponsonby was against City Rovers at Carlaw Park on 1 July. Leonard had been selected to go on the New Zealand tour of Australia in 1930 but was unable to travel.

Riley was Ponsonby's second highest try scorer in their first three decades with 57 tries from 1933 to 1942, only behind Arthur Kay with 71.

Jack Brodrick
John Purewa Brodrick (Jack) (1913 – 11 March 1965) was a rugby league player. He represented the New Zealand rugby league team in 7 matches in 1937 and 1938. In the process he became the 252nd player to represent New Zealand. He played rugby union in the Bay of Plenty area predominantly for Ruatoki, and represented Bay of Plenty in the mid-1930s, and New Zealand Māori in 1935. He then moved to Auckland and played rugby league for the Manukau club. He represented Auckland, Auckland Māori, the North Island, and New Zealand.
Spectrophotometry
Spectrophotometry is a branch of electromagnetic spectroscopy concerned with the quantitative measurement of the reflection or transmission properties of a material as a function of wavelength. Spectrophotometry uses photometers, known as spectrophotometers, that can measure the intensity of a light beam at different wavelengths. Although spectrophotometry is most commonly applied to ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation, modern spectrophotometers can interrogate wide swaths of the electromagnetic spectrum, including x-ray, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, or microwave wavelengths.

Transmittance
Electromagnetic radiation can be affected in several ways by the medium in which it propagates.  It can be scattered, absorbed, and reflected and refracted at discontinuities in the medium.  This page is an overview of the last 3.  The transmittance of a material and any surfaces is its effectiveness in transmitting radiant energy; the fraction of the initial (incident) radiation which propagates to a location of interest (often an observation location). This may be described by the transmission coefficient.
Longhorn beetle
The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), also known as long-horned or longicorns (whose larvae are often referred to as roundheaded borers), are a large family of beetles, with over 35,000 species described.

Most species are characterized by antennae as long as or longer than the beetle's body. A few species have short antennae (e.g., Neandra brunnea), making them difficult to distinguish from related families such as Chrysomelidae. "Cerambycidae" comes from a Greek mythological figure: after an argument with nymphs, the shepherd Cerambus is transformed into a large beetle with horns.

Longhorn beetles are found on all continents except Antarctica.

Dru Drury
Dru Drury (4 February 1725 – 15 January 1804) was a British collector of natural history specimens and an entomologist. He received specimens collected from across the world through a network of ship's officers and collectors including Henry Smeathman. His collections were utilized by many entomologists of his time to describe and name new species and he is best known for his book Illustrations of Natural History which includes the names and descriptions of many insects, published in parts from 1770 to 1782 with most of the copperplate engravings done by Moses Harris.