hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
National Marine Fisheries Service
The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), informally known as NOAA Fisheries, is a United States federal agency within the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) that is responsible for the stewardship of U.S. national marine resources. It conserves and manages fisheries to promote sustainability and prevent lost economic potential associated with overfishing, declining species, and degraded habitats.

Distinct population segment
A distinct population segment (DPS) is the smallest division of a taxonomic species permitted to be protected under the U.S. Endangered Species Act.  Species, as defined in the Act for listing purposes, is a taxonomic species or subspecies of plant or animal, or in the case of vertebrate species, a distinct population segment.
Men's FIH Hockey World Cup
The Men's FIH Hockey World Cup is an international field hockey competition organised by the International Hockey Federation. The tournament was started in 1971. It is held every four years, bridging the four years between the Summer Olympics. Pakistan is the most successful team, having won the tournament four times. The Netherlands, Australia, and Germany have each won three titles. Belgium and India have both won the tournament once.

The 2023 tournament was held in Bhubaneswar and Rourkela, India from 13 to 29 January. Germany defeated Belgium in a penalty shoot-out 5–4 after the match ended in a 3–3 draw to win their third World Cup title. The World Cup expanded to 16 teams in 2018.

Men's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup
The Men's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup, formerly known as the Hockey Junior World Cup, is an international field hockey competition organized by the International Hockey Federation. The tournament was started in 1979. Since 1985 it was held every four years. From 2021 onwards the tournament has been held every two years. Competitors must be under the age of 21 as of December 31 in the year before the tournament is held.

There is also a corresponding event for the women's junior teams. This competition started in 1989 and uses the same format as the men's event.

Five countries have dominated the event's history. Germany is the most successful team, having won the tournament eight times followed by Argentina and India, having won the tournament two times. Australia and Pakistan have each won the tournament once.
Mark Shields
Mark Stephen Shields (May 25, 1937 – June 18, 2022) was an American political columnist, advisor, and commentator. He worked in leadership positions for many Democratic candidates' electoral campaigns.

Shields provided weekly political analysis and commentary for the PBS NewsHour from 1988 to 2020. His on-screen counterpart from 2001 to 2020 was David Brooks of The New York Times. Previous counterparts were William Safire, Paul Gigot of The Wall Street Journal, and David Gergen.  Shields was also a regular panelist on Inside Washington, a weekly public affairs show that was seen on both PBS and ABC until it ceased production in December 2013. Shields was moderator and panelist on CNN's Capital Gang for 17 years.

Al Hunt
Albert Reinold Hunt Jr. (born December 4, 1942) is an American journalist. He was a columnist for Bloomberg View, the editorial arm of Bloomberg News. Hunt hosted the Sunday morning talk show Political Capital on Bloomberg Television and was also a weekly panelist on CNN's Capital Gang and Evans, Novak, Hunt & Shields.  For decades, he worked in the Washington, D.C. bureau, reporting for the Wall Street Journal.
Orbit (anatomy)
In vertebrate anatomy, the orbit is the cavity or socket/hole of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated. "Orbit" can refer to the bony socket, or it can also be used to imply the contents. In the adult human, the volume of the orbit is about 28 millilitres (0.99 imp fl oz; 0.95 US fl oz), of which the eye occupies 6.5 ml (0.23 imp fl oz; 0.22 US fl oz). The orbital contents comprise the eye, the orbital and retrobulbar fascia, extraocular muscles, cranial nerves II, III, IV, V, and VI, blood vessels, fat, the lacrimal gland with its sac and duct, the eyelids, medial and lateral palpebral ligaments, cheek ligaments, the suspensory ligament, septum, ciliary ganglion and short ciliary nerves.

Lacrimal sac
The lacrimal sac or lachrymal sac is the upper dilated end of the nasolacrimal duct, and is lodged in a deep groove formed by the lacrimal bone and frontal process of the maxilla. It connects the lacrimal canaliculi, which drain tears from the eye's surface, and the nasolacrimal duct, which conveys this fluid into the nasal cavity. Lacrimal sac occlusion leads to dacryocystitis.
Annual plant
An annual plant is a plant that completes its life cycle, from germination to the production of seeds, within one growing season, and then dies. Globally, 6% of all plant species and 15% of herbaceous plants (excluding trees and shrubs) are annuals. The annual life cycle has independently emerged in over 120 different plant families throughout the entire angiosperm phylogeny.

Bedding (horticulture)
In horticulture, the term bedding refers to flowering plants which can be planted in flower gardens and flower beds. These fast-growing plants in seasonal flower beds create colourful displays, during spring, summer, fall or winter, depending on the climate. Plants used for bedding are generally annuals, but biennials, tender perennials, and succulents are also used.

Flowering bedding plants are also grown in containers and pots positioned on patios, terraces, decks and other areas around houses. Large containers of bedding plants are used in public displays along city streets, plazas and hanging from city light posts.
University of Maine at Machias
The University of Maine at Machias (UMaine Machias or UMM) is a satellite campus in Machias, Maine. It is part of the University of Maine System, and it is the only regional degree-granting campus of University of Maine. The institution was founded in 1909 as a normal school for educating teachers. Enrollment is 293 students.

University of Maine at Fort Kent
The University of Maine at Fort Kent (UMaine Fort Kent or UMFK; French: Université du Maine à Fort-Kent) is a public college in Fort Kent, Maine, United States. It is the northernmost campus of the University of Maine System. It is an academic center for Acadian and French American culture and heritage, and French-speaking Mainers from throughout the state. It currently has an enrollment of 1,557 students.

It is classified among "Baccalaureate Colleges - General".
Uranium-235
Uranium-235 (235U or U-235) is an isotope of uranium making up about 0.72% of natural uranium. Unlike the predominant isotope uranium-238, it is fissile, i.e., it can sustain a nuclear chain reaction. It is the only fissile isotope that exists in nature as a primordial nuclide.

Uranium-235 has a half-life of 704 million years.  It was discovered in 1935 by Arthur Jeffrey Dempster. Its fission cross section for slow thermal neutrons is about 584.3±1 barns. For fast neutrons it is on the order of 1 barn.
Most neutron absorptions induce fission, though a minority (about 15%) result in the formation of uranium-236.

Control rod
Control rods are used in nuclear reactors to control the rate of fission of the nuclear fuel – uranium or plutonium.  Their compositions include chemical elements such as boron, cadmium, silver, hafnium, or indium, that are capable of absorbing many neutrons without themselves decaying. These elements have different neutron capture cross sections for neutrons of various energies. Boiling water reactors (BWR), pressurized water reactors (PWR), and heavy-water reactors (HWR) operate with thermal neutrons, while breeder reactors operate with fast neutrons. Each reactor design can use different control rod materials based on the energy spectrum of its neutrons. Control rods have been used in nuclear aircraft engines like Project Pluto as a method of control.
Zlata Bizova
Zlata Nikolaevna Bizova (Russian: Зла́та Никола́евна Бызо́ва; 29 March 1927 – 8 August 2013) was a Russian Soviet realist painter and graphic artist, who lived and worked in Saint Petersburg (former Leningrad). She was a member of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists (before 1992 named as the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation) and is regarded as one of representatives of the Leningrad school of painting.

Andrei Mylnikov
Andrei Andreevich Mylnikov (Russian: Андре́й Андре́евич Мы́льников) (22 February 1919 in Pokrovsk, Saratov Governorate – 16 May 2012 in Saint Petersburg) was a Russian and Soviet painter and art educator, People's Artist of the Russian Federation, Stalin Prize winner, and Lenin Prize winner, who lived and worked in Saint Petersburg. He was a member of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists (former Leningrad Union of Artists), and professor of painting of the Repin Institute of Arts, regarded as one of the brightest representatives of the Soviet art, who played an important role in the formation of the Leningrad school of painting.
Lumleian Lectures
The Lumleian Lectures are a series of annual lectures started in 1582 by the Royal College of Physicians and currently run by the Lumleian Trust. The name commemorates John Lumley, 1st Baron Lumley, who with Richard Caldwell of the College endowed the lectures, initially confined to surgery, but now on general medicine. William Harvey did not announce his work on the circulation of the blood in the Lumleian Lecture for 1616 although he had some partial notes on the heart and blood which led to the discovery of the circulation ten years later. By that time ambitious plans for a full anatomy course based on weekly lectures had been scaled back to a lecture three times a year.

Initially the appointment of the Lumleian lecturer was for life, later reduced to five years, and since 1825 made annually, although for some years it was awarded for two years in succession.

Bradshaw Lecture
The Bradshaw Lectures are lectureships given at the invitation of the Royal College of Physicians and the Royal College of Surgeons of England. It is held on alternate years in rotation with the Hunterian Oration.
Grantland Rice
Henry Grantland Rice (November 1, 1880 – July 13, 1954) was an American sportswriter, columnist, and poet from Tennessee known as the "Dean of American Sports Writers".  He published three books of poetry, and coined the famous phrase that it was not important whether you “won or lost, but how you played the game.”

His writing was known for its elegance and published in newspapers around the country, and broadcast on the radio.  He and his writing are among the reasons that the roaring 1920s in the United States are sometimes referred to as the "Golden Age of Sports".

In 1924, he nicknamed the Notre Dame backfield the "Four Horsemen".  In 1925 he replaced Walter Camp in selecting college football All-America teams. Rice set out to make heroes of sports figures who impressed him, most notably in baseball Babe Ruth, in boxing Jack Dempsey, in football Red Grange and Knute Rockne, in golf Bobby Jones and Babe Didrikson, and in tennis Bill Tilden.

End (gridiron football)
In gridiron football, an end is a player who lines up at either end of the line of scrimmage, usually beside the tackles.  Rules state that a legal offensive formation must always consist of seven players on the line of scrimmage and that the player on each end of the line is an eligible receiver who can catch forward passes.  There are two types on offense: the split end, or wide out, and the tight end. On defense, the position name survives in the name of the defensive end; in function, this position no longer corresponds to its offensive counterparts, which are defended more commonly by the edge rusher (which is sometimes a defensive end depending on formation) against the tight end and the cornerback against the split end.

It is also used in terminology such as an end run.
Lena River
The Lena is a river in the Russian Far East and is the easternmost river of the three great rivers of Siberia which flow into the Arctic Ocean, the others being Ob and Yenisey. The Lena River is 4,294 km (2,668 mi) long and has a capacious drainage basin of 2,490,000 km2 (960,000 mi2); thus the Lena is the eleventh-longest river in the world and the longest river entirely within Russia. Geographically, permafrost underlies all the Lena River's catchment and it is continuous in over 75 percent of the basin.

Chara (river)
The Chara (Russian: Ча́ра; Yakut: Чаара, Çaara) is a left tributary of the Olyokma in Eastern Siberia, Russia. It is 851 kilometres (529 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 87,600 square kilometres (33,800 sq mi).

Together with the Olyokma, river Chara gives its name to the Olyokma-Chara Plateau (Олёкмо-Чарское плоскогорье), located to the east of its eastern bank.
Bahya ibn Paquda
Bahyā ibn Pāqudā (Bahya ben Joseph ibn Pakuda, Pekudah, Bakuda; Judeo-Arabic: בחיי אבן פקודה, Arabic: بهية بن فاقودا), c. 1050–1120, was a Jewish philosopher and rabbi who lived in the Taifa of Zaragoza in al-Andalus (now Spain). He was one of two people now known as Rabbeinu Behaye, the other being the Bible commentator Bahya ben Asher.

Isaac Abarbanel
Isaac ben Judah Abarbanel (Hebrew: יצחק בן יהודה אברבנאל;‎ 1437–1508), commonly referred to as Abarbanel (Hebrew: אַבַּרבְּנְאֵל; also spelled Abravanel, Avravanel or Abrabanel), was a Portuguese Jewish statesman, philosopher, Bible commentator, and financier.
Shukuba
Shukuba (宿場) were staging post stations during the Edo period in Japan, generally located on one of the Edo Five Routes or one of its sub-routes. They were also called shuku-eki (宿駅). These stage stations, or "stage station towns (宿場町, shukuba-machi)" developed around them, were places where travelers could rest on their journey around the nation. They were created based on policies for the transportation of goods by horseback that were developed during the Nara and Heian periods.

Minoji
The Minoji (美濃路, Mino Road) was a 60 km (37 mi) highway in Japan during the Edo period. It was a secondary route, ranked below the Edo Five Routes in importance, and connected Miya-juku on the Tōkaidō with Tarui-juku on the Nakasendō.

The road received much use before and after the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600. Fukushima Masanori, the leader of the eastern armies, traveled the Minoji from Okoshi (modern-day Ichinomiya) to Mino Province for the battle. Tokugawa Ieyasu, the victor of the battle, traveled the route afterwards to a hero's welcome. It was also referred to as the Kichirei Kaidō (吉例街道).
Anacostia River
The Anacostia River /ænəˈkɒstiə/ is a river in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It flows from Prince George's County in Maryland into Washington, D.C., where it joins with the Washington Channel and ultimately empties into the Potomac River at Buzzard Point. It is about 8.7 miles (14.0 km) long. The name "Anacostia" derives from the area's early history as Nacotchtank, a settlement of Necostan or Anacostan Native Americans on the banks of the Anacostia River.

Heavy pollution in the Anacostia and weak investment and development along its banks made it "D.C.'s forgotten river". More recently, however, private organizations; local businesses; and the D.C., Maryland, and federal governments have made efforts to reduce pollution and protect the ecologically valuable Anacostia watershed.

East Capitol Street
East Capitol Street is a major street that divides the northeast and southeast quadrants of Washington, D.C., United States. It runs due east from the United States Capitol to the DC-Maryland border. The street is uninterrupted until Lincoln Park then continues eastward around the RFK Stadium campus. East of the stadium, East Capitol crosses the Anacostia River via the Whitney Young Memorial Bridge and then goes underneath Route 295 before crossing into Prince George's County, Maryland, where it becomes Maryland State Highway 214.

The western stretch of East Capitol Street passes through the Capitol Hill and Hill East neighborhoods. East Capitol Street is home to the Folger Shakespeare Library, US-Asia Institute, Les Aspin Center for Government, East Capitol Street Car Barn, D.C. Armory, and the future New Commanders Stadium.
WTA Tour
The WTA Tour (also known as the WTA Tour Driven by Mercedes-Benz for sponsorship reasons) is a worldwide top-tier tennis tour for women and organized by the Women's Tennis Association. The second-tier tour is the WTA 125 series, and third-tier is the ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. The men's equivalent is the ATP Tour.

Anna Blinkova
Anna Vladimirovna Blinkova (born 10 September 1998) is a Russian professional tennis player. She has a career-high WTA singles ranking of No. 34, achieved on 7 August 2023, and a best doubles ranking of world No. 45, achieved on 14 September 2020. She has won two singles and three doubles titles on the WTA Tour.

Blinkova also has one singles and one doubles title each on WTA Challenger Tour, as well as four singles and eleven doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.

She was runner-up at the 2015 Wimbledon Championships in girls' singles and had a best ITF combined junior ranking of No. 3 in August 2015.
Clackmannanshire
Clackmannanshire (/klækˈmænənˌʃɪər, -ʃər/ ⓘ; Scots: Clackmannanshire; Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Chlach Mhanann), or the County of Clackmannan, is a historic county, council area, registration county and lieutenancy area in Scotland, bordering the council areas of Stirling, Fife, and Perth and Kinross. To the south, it is separated from Falkirk by the Firth of Forth. In terms of historic counties it borders Perthshire, Stirlingshire and Fife.

The name consists of elements from three languages. The first element is from Scottish Gaelic: Clach meaning "Stone". Mannan is a derivative of the Brythonic name of the Manaw, the Iron Age tribe who inhabited the area. The final element is the English word shire. As Britain's smallest historic county, it is often nicknamed "The Wee County". When written, Clackmannanshire is commonly abbreviated to Clacks.

Stirling (Scottish Parliament constituency)
Stirling is a county constituency of the Scottish Parliament covering part of the council area of Stirling. Under the additional-member electoral system used for elections to the Scottish Parliament, it elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the plurality (first past the post) method of election. It is one of nine constituencies in the Mid Scotland and Fife electoral region, which elects seven additional members, in addition to the nine constituency MSPs, to produce a form of proportional representation for the region as a whole.

The seat has been held by Evelyn Tweed of the Scottish National Party since the 2021 Scottish Parliament election.
F
F, or f, is the sixth letter of the Latin alphabet and many modern alphabets influenced by it, including the modern English alphabet and the alphabets of all other modern western European languages. Its name in English is ef (pronounced /ˈɛf/ ⓘ), and the plural is efs.

T
T, or t, is the twentieth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is tee (pronounced /ˈtiː/ ⓘ), plural tees.

It is derived from the Semitic Taw 𐤕 of the Phoenician and Paleo-Hebrew script (Aramaic and Hebrew Taw ת/𐡕/, Syriac Taw ܬ, and Arabic ت Tāʼ) via the Greek letter τ (tau). In English, it is most commonly used to represent the voiceless alveolar plosive, a sound it also denotes in the International Phonetic Alphabet. It is the most commonly used consonant and the second-most commonly used letter in English-language texts.
Later Liang (Five Dynasties)
Liang, known in historiography as the Later Liang (simplified Chinese: 后梁; traditional Chinese: 後梁; pinyin: Hòu Liáng) (1 June 907 – 19 November 923) or the Zhu Liang (Chinese: 朱梁), was an imperial dynasty of China and the first of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. It was founded by Zhu Wen (Emperor Taizu), after he forced the last emperor of the Tang dynasty to abdicate in his favour (and then murdered him). The Later Liang would last until 923 when it was destroyed by the Later Tang dynasty.

Ma Yin
Ma Yin (traditional Chinese: 馬殷; simplified Chinese: 马殷; pinyin: Mǎ Yīn; c. 853 – December 2, 930), courtesy name Batu (霸圖), also known by his posthumous name as the King Wumu of Chu (楚武穆王), was a Chinese military general and politician who became the founding ruler of the Chinese Ma Chu dynasty during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. He was the only monarch who carried the title of "king" in his dynasty. He initially took control of the Changsha region in 896 after the death of his predecessor Liu Jianfeng, and subsequently increased his territorial hold to roughly modern Hunan and northeastern Guangxi, which became the territory of Ma Chu.
Wonder Man
Wonder Man (Simon Williams) is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Stan Lee and artists Don Heck and Jack Kirby, he first appeared in The Avengers #9 (October 1964). The character, who was initially introduced as a supervillain imbued with "ionic" energy, fought the Avengers, and, after a series of events, was reborn as a superhero, joining the team against which he originally fought.

Wonder Man has appeared in various media outside comics, including animated series and video games. The character made his live-action debut in the Disney+ original series Wonder Man (2026), set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) and portrayed by Yahya Abdul-Mateen II.

Features of the Marvel Universe
The comic book stories published by Marvel Comics since the 1940s have featured several noteworthy concepts besides its fictional characters, such as unique places and artifacts. There follows a list of those features.
Dark Horse Comics
Dark Horse Comics is an American comic book, graphic novel, and art book publisher founded in Milwaukie, Oregon, by Mike Richardson in 1986. The company was created using funds earned from Richardson's chain of Portland, Oregon, comic book shops known as Pegasus Books and founded in 1980.

Dark Horse Comics has emerged as the fourth-largest comic publishing company in the United States of America. Dividing profits with artists and writers, as well as supporting artistic and creative rights in the comic book industry, Dark Horse Comics has become a strong proponent of publishing licensed material that often does not fit into mainstream media. Several titles include: Sin City, Hellboy, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, 300, Ninja Gaiden, and Star Wars.

In December 2021, Swedish gaming company Embracer Group launched its acquisition of Dark Horse Media, Dark Horse Comics' parent company, and completed the buyout in March 2022.

Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight
Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight is a comic book series published by Dark Horse Comics from 2007 to 2011. It serves as a canonical continuation of the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer, and follows the events of that show's final televised season. It is produced by Joss Whedon, who wrote or co-wrote three of the series arcs and several one-shot stories. The series was followed by Season Nine in 2011.

Season Eight was originally supposed to consist of about 25 issues, but eventually expanded to a 40-issue run. The series also spawned a handful of spin-off titles, including a Tales of the Vampires follow-up and one-shots focusing on Willow and Riley.

The success of the series prompted IDW Publishing and Whedon to publish a concurrent continuation of the Angel television series, titled Angel: After the Fall, and a Spike comic book series, which bridges some aspects of continuity between After the Fall and Season Eight. A motion comic version of the series debuted in 2010.