hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Modulation (music)
In music, modulation is the change from one tonality (tonic, or tonal center) to another. This may or may not be accompanied by a change in key signature (a key change). Modulations articulate or create the structure or form of many pieces, as well as add interest. Treatment of a non-tonic chord as a temporary tonic, for less than a phrase, is considered tonicization.

Modulation is the essential part of the art. Without it there is little music, for a piece derives its true beauty not from the large number of fixed modes which it embraces but rather from the subtle fabric of its modulation.

D major
D major is a major scale based on D, consisting of the pitches D, E, F♯, G, A, B, and C♯. Its key signature has two sharps. Its relative minor is B minor and its parallel minor is D minor.

The D major scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The D harmonic major and melodic major scales are:
Andrew Clarke (actor)
Andrew Clarke (born 1954) is an Australian actor most known for his television work. Andrew Clarke was one of the most popular Australian actors in the 1980s and 1990s. He is also a two-time Logie winner.

List of Neighbours characters introduced in 2005
The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the Australian soap opera Neighbours in 2005, by order of first appearance. They were all introduced by the show's executive producer Ric Pellizzeri. The 21st season of Neighbours began airing on 10 January 2005. Four members of the Timmins family were introduced across the year, beginning with Dylan Timmins in February. His sisters Janae and Bree followed in April and their father began appearing from October. Genevieve Doyle, a love interest for Toadfish Rebecchi, made her first appearance in March. Linda Hartley-Clark returned to the show in April as new character Gabrielle Walker and Max and Izzy Hoyland's father Bobby made his debut in May. Former Australian Idol contestant, Daniel O'Connor, joined the cast as Ned Parker in August, along with three members of the Kinski family. Paul Robinson's youngest daughter, Elle began appearing from September and the final member of the Kinski family, Katya, arrived in December.
Tewaaraton Award
The Tewaaraton Award is an annual award for the most outstanding American college lacrosse men's and women's players, since 2001. It is the lacrosse equivalent of football's Heisman Trophy. The award is presented by The Tewaaraton Foundation and the University Club of Washington, D.C.

Lacrosse is the oldest sport played in North America and the award honors the Native American heritage of lacrosse in the name of its award, "Tewaaraton," the Mohawk name for their game and the progenitor of present-day lacrosse. The Tewaaraton Award has received the endorsement of the Mohawk Nation Council of Elders.  Each year, the award recognizes one of the Six Nations of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy: the Mohawk, Cayuga, Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca and Tuscarora tribes.

United States Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association
The United States Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association is an association of member institutions and organizations with college lacrosse programs at all levels of competition, including the three NCAA divisions and non-NCAA schools, at both the varsity and club levels for men and women. The association traces its history through predecessor organizations back to 1882, although it received its present name and became a governing body with unlimited membership in 1926. The association is based in Louisville, Kentucky.
East Japan Railway Company
The East Japan Railway Company is a major passenger railway company in Japan and the largest of the seven Japan Railways Group companies. The company name is officially abbreviated as JR East in English, and as JR Higashi-Nihon in Japanese. The company's headquarters are in Yoyogi, Shibuya, Tokyo, next to Shinjuku Station. It is listed in the Tokyo Stock Exchange (it formerly had secondary listings in the Nagoya and Osaka stock exchanges), is a constituent of the TOPIX Large70 index, and is one of three Japan Railways Group constituents of the Nikkei 225 index, the others being JR Central and JR West.

Tsubame, Niigata
Tsubame (燕市, Tsubame-shi) is a city located in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2019, the city had an estimated population of 77,382 in 29,406 households, and a population density of 697 persons per km². The total area of the city was 110.96 km2 (42.84 sq mi).
Matara, Sri Lanka
Matara (Sinhala: මාතර, romanized: Māthara; Tamil: மாத்தறை) is a major city in Sri Lanka, on the southern coast of Southern Province. It is the second largest city in Southern Province. It is 160 km (99 mi) from Colombo. It is a major commercial hub, the administrative capital and largest city of Matara District.

Ethnic composition in Matara DS Division according to 2012 census data is Sinhalese 111,039 (95.88%), Muslims 4,296 (3.71%), Tamils 326 (0.28%), Others 144 (0.12%).

Negombo
Negombo (Sinhala: මීගමුව, romanized: Mīgamuva, IPA: [miːɡəmuʋə] , Tamil: நீர்கொழும்பு, romanized: Nīrkoḻumpu, IPA: [n̪iːɾxoɻumbɯ]), also known as Punchi Romaya (Little Rome) and Meepura (city of bees), is a major city in Sri Lanka, situated on the west coast and at the mouth of the Negombo Lagoon, in the Western Province, 38 km (24 mi) from Colombo via the Colombo–Katunayake Expressway and the nearest major city from the Bandaranaike International Airport (about 9 km distance).

Negombo is one of the major commercial hubs in the country and the administrative centre of Negombo Division. Negombo has a population of about 142,136 within its divisional secretariat division. Negombo municipal boundary is fully extended throughout its Divisional Secretariat area.

Negombo is known for its long sandy beaches and centuries old fishing industry. Negombo has a large bilingual (Sinhala/Tamil) population with a clear Roman Catholic majority.
Diesel–electric powertrain
A diesel-electric transmission, or diesel-electric powertrain, is a transmission system powered by diesel engines which generate electricity for electric motors for vehicles in road, rail, and marine transport. Diesel-electric transmission is similar to petrol-electric transmission, which is powered by petrol engines.

Diesel-electric transmission is used on railways by diesel-electric locomotives and diesel-electric multiple units, as electric motors are able to supply full torque from 0 RPM. Diesel-electric systems are also used in marine transport, including submarines, and on some other land vehicles.

Bureau of Steam Engineering
The Bureau of Steam Engineering was a bureau of the United States Navy, created by the act of 5 July 1862, receiving some of the duties of the former Bureau of Construction, Equipment and Repair. It became, by the Naval Appropriation Act of 4 June 1920, the Bureau of Engineering (BuEng). In 1940 it combined with the Bureau of Construction and Repair (BuC&R) and became the Bureau of Ships (BuShips).
Persikabo 1973
Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Kabupaten Bogor 1973, commonly known as Persikabo 1973, is an Indonesian professional football club based in Bogor Regency, West Java, Indonesia. The club set to competes in the Liga 4, the fourth tier of Indonesian football, following withdrawal from the Liga Nusantara in the 2025/26 season.

2022–23 Liga 1 (Indonesia)
The 2022–23 Liga 1 (also known as the 2022–23 BRI Liga 1 for sponsorship reasons) was the 6th season of Liga 1 under its current name and the 13th season of the association football, the top Indonesian professional league for association football clubs since its establishment in 2008. It started on 23 July 2022. Bali United were the two-time defending champions.
Torneo cibernetico
A torneo cibernetico is a multi-man professional wrestling elimination match that was created and primarily used in Mexican lucha libre professional wrestling promotions, especially in Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL). The match format sees two teams of varying sizes face off against each other. It uses standard lucha libre tag team rules with elimination occurring with a pinfall, submission, disqualification and count out and allows a wrestler to enter the match when their tag team partner exits the ring as well as when they tag out. A special 'batting' order system is sometimes used in which the wrestlers are given a specific order and may only tag in and out in this order. If two or more men from the same team remain, they must face each other to determine one individual winner.

Último Dragoncito
Miguel Ángel Arciniega Peña (born August 8, 1972), better known by his ring name Último Dragoncito ("Little Last Dragon"), is a Tapatío Mexican luchador (or masked professional wrestler) who works for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), where he is  part of the Mini-Estrella (or "Mini"), division and is the current CMLL World Mini-Estrella Champion in his third reign. His ring name alludes to the fact that he wrestles as a mini version of Último Dragón. He originally worked as Misteriosito from his debut until 1992 when he was given his current ring name. On July 29, 2022, he lost his mask to Pequeño Olímpico at a Viernes Espectacular show.
Strabo
Strabo (/ˈstreɪboʊ/; Greek: Στράβων, romanized: Strábōn; 64 or 63 BC – c. 24 AD) was an ancient Greek geographer who lived in Asia Minor during the transitional period of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. He is best known for his work Geographica, which presented a descriptive history of people and places from different regions of the world known during his lifetime. Additionally, Strabo authored historical works, but only fragments and quotations of these survive in the writings of other authors.

Eudoxus of Cyzicus
Eudoxus of Cyzicus (/ˈjuːdəksəs/ YOO-dək-səs; Greek: Εὔδοξος ὁ Κυζικηνός, romanized: Eúdoxos ho Kyzikēnós; fl. c. 130 BC) was a Greek navigator and diplomat who explored the Arabian Sea for Ptolemy VIII, king of the Hellenistic Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt.
AMX-13
The AMX-13 is a French light tank produced from 1952 to 1987. It served with the French Army, as the Char 13t-75 Modèle 51, and was exported to more than 26 other nations. Named after its initial weight of 13 tonnes, and featuring a tough and reliable chassis, it was fitted with an oscillating turret built by GIAT Industries (now KNDS_France) with revolver-type magazines, which were also used on the Austrian SK-105 Kürassier. Including prototypes and export versions, over a hundred variants exist, including self-propelled guns, anti-aircraft systems, APCs, and ATGM versions.

M47 Patton
The M47 Patton was an American medium tank, a development of the M46 Patton mounting an updated turret, and was in turn further developed as the M48 Patton. It was the second American tank to be named after General George S. Patton, commander of the U.S. Third Army during World War II and one of the earliest American advocates of tanks in battle.

The M47 was the U.S. Army's and Marine Corps' primary tank, intended to replace the M26 Pershing and M46 Patton medium tanks. The M47 was widely used by U.S. Cold War allies, both SEATO and NATO countries, and was the only Patton series tank that never saw combat while in US service.

Although the later M48s and M60s were similar in appearance, those were completely new tank designs. Many different M47 Patton models remain in service internationally. The M47 was the last US tank to have a bow-mounted machine gun in the hull.
Glottal stop
A glottal stop or glottal plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages, produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract or, more precisely, the glottis. It is familiar to English-speakers as the catch in the middle of "uh-oh". The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʔ⟩.

As a result of the action of the glottis, glottal vibration either stops or becomes irregular with a low rate and sudden drop in intensity.

Qoph
Qoph is the nineteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician qōp 𐤒,  Hebrew qūp̄ ק‎, Aramaic qop 𐡒, Syriac qōp̄ ܩ, and Arabic qāf ق‎. It is also related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪄, South Arabian 𐩤, and Geʽez ቀ.

Its original sound value was a West Semitic emphatic stop, presumably [kʼ]. In Maltese the q is an explosive stop sound e.g. qalb, qattus, baqq. In Hebrew numerals, it has the numerical value of 100.
Collège de France
The Collège de France (French pronunciation: [kɔlɛʒ də fʁɑ̃s] ⓘ; formerly known as the Collège Royal or as the Collège impérial), founded in 1530 by François I, is a higher education and research establishment (grand établissement) in France. It is located in Paris near La Sorbonne. The Collège de France has been considered to be France's most prestigious research establishment. It is an associate member of PSL University.

Research and teaching are closely linked at the Collège de France, whose ambition is to teach "the knowledge that is being built up in all fields of literature, science and the arts".

Paul Langevin
Paul Langevin (23 January 1872 – 19 December 1946) was a French physicist who developed Langevin dynamics and the Langevin equation. He was one of the founders of the Comité de vigilance des intellectuels antifascistes, an anti-fascist organization created after the 6 February 1934 far right riots. Being a public opponent of fascism in the 1930s resulted in his arrest and being held under house arrest by the Vichy government for most of World War II. Langevin was also president of the Human Rights League (LDH) from 1944 to 1946, having recently joined the French Communist Party.

He was a doctoral student of Pierre Curie and later a lover of widowed Marie Curie. He is also known for his two US patents with Constantin Chilowsky in 1916 and 1917 involving ultrasonic submarine detection. He is entombed at the Panthéon.
Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome
Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (/ˈbɛkˌwɪθ ˈviːdə.mən/; abbreviated BWS) is an overgrowth disorder usually present at birth, characterized by an increased risk of childhood cancer and certain congenital features. A minority (<15%) of cases of BWS are familial, meaning that a close relative may also have BWS, and parents of an affected child may be at increased risk of having other children with BWS. While children with BWS are at increased risk of childhood cancer, most children with BWS do not develop cancer and the vast majority of children who do develop cancer can be treated successfully.

Silver–Russell syndrome
Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS), also called Silver–Russell dwarfism, is a rare congenital growth disorder. In the United States it is usually referred to as Russell–Silver syndrome, and Silver–Russell syndrome elsewhere. It is one of 200 types of dwarfism and one of five types of primordial dwarfism.

Silver–Russell syndrome occurs in approximately one out of every 50,000 to 100,000 births.  Males and females seem to be affected with equal frequency.
Anirudh Ravichander
Anirudh Ravichander (born 16 October 1990), also credited mononymously as Anirudh, is an Indian composer and playback singer who works primarily in Tamil cinema, in addition to Telugu and Hindi films. He has won two Filmfare Awards South, ten SIIMA Awards, six Edison Awards and five Vijay awards.

His debut song "Why This Kolaveri Di", composed for the 2012 film 3, went viral across the globe and has achieved over 450 million views on YouTube. A.R. Murugadoss signed him to compose music for Kaththi (2014) starring Vijay & Samantha which included the viral hit "Selfie Pulla". The soundtrack for the film became Anirudh's highest profile soundtrack until he was signed to compose music for Rajinikanth's Petta in 2019.

In 2016, he signed a record deal with Sony Music, which publishes his independent albums and live concerts. In the same year, he featured with Diplo on the remix of Major Lazer's hit single "Cold Water".

Sony Music India
Sony Music Entertainment India Pvt. Ltd. is an Indian music record label operated by Sony and headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. The company began operations in 1997 and was the first record company in India to be fully foreign-owned, with Sony being a Japanese corporation. From December 2013 to March 2020, the company distributed Warner Music Group releases in India and the SAARC region, until the launch of the Warner Music India division. Sony Music India is the largest foreign-owned music label in the country and the second-largest overall. It holds a 25% share of the Indian music market, ranking behind T-Series and ahead of Zee Music Company, with which it has a strategic partnership.
Toronto Star
The Toronto Star is a Canadian English-language broadsheet daily newspaper. It is owned by Toronto Star Newspapers Limited, a subsidiary of Torstar Corporation and part of Torstar's Daily News Brands division.

The newspaper was established in 1892 as the Evening Star and was later renamed the Toronto Daily Star in 1900, under Joseph E. Atkinson. Atkinson was a major influence in shaping the editorial stance of the paper, with the paper reflecting his principles until his death in 1948. His son-in-law, Harry C. Hindmarsh, shared those principles as the paper's longtime managing editor while also helping to build circulation with sensational stories, bold headlines and dramatic photos. The paper was renamed the Toronto Star in 1971 and introduced a Sunday edition in 1977. Its editorial alignment is centrist to centre-left, moderately nationalist, and generally supportive of the Liberal Party.

La Presse
La Presse is a French-language online newspaper published daily in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Founded in 1884, it is now owned by an independent nonprofit trust.

La Presse was formerly a broadsheet daily, considered a newspaper of record in Canada. Its Sunday edition was discontinued in 2009, and the weekday edition in 2016. The weekend Saturday printed edition was discontinued on 31 December 2017, turning La Presse into an entirely online newspaper.
El Hijo de Dr. Wagner Jr.
El Hijo de Dr. Wagner Jr. (born December 4, 1991) is a Mexican luchador enmascarado, or masked professional wrestler, currently working Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA) and WWE. He is the current AAA Latin American Champion in his first reign. He is best known for his tenure in Pro Wrestling Noah. El Hijo de Dr. Wagner's real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans. He is the grandson of Dr. Wagner and the son of Dr. Wagner Jr. His mother is professional wrestler Rossy Moreno and he is part of both the Wagner and the Moreno wrestling families.

Yo-Hey
Yohei Fujita (藤田 洋平, Fujita Yōhei; born February 6, 1988), better known by his ring name Yo-Hey (stylised in all capital letters), is a Japanese professional wrestler signed to Pro Wrestling Noah (Noah), where he is the GHC Junior Heavyweight Champion in his first reign and a member of the Ratel's stable.

Fujita started his career in Dragon Gate (DG) under the ring name Ryoma (stylised in all capitals); his ring name being a tribute to former Japanese movement leader Sakamoto Ryōma. In 2009, Fujita left Dragon Gate due to an animal abuse scandal, and took an extended hiatus from professional wrestling until he returned in 2011 for Smash. He later wrestled for Wrestling New Classic (WNC) until 2013 when he left to become a freelancer, before signing with Noah in September 2017.
Vlahina
Vlahina (Bulgarian: Влахина) or Vlaina (Macedonian: Влаина), meaning "Vlach Mountain" is a mountain range on the border of southwestern Bulgaria and eastern North Macedonia. The highest peak is Ogreyak, also known as Kadiytsa, at 1,924 m. Nearby towns include Simitli to the northeast in Bulgaria and Pehčevo to the southwest in North Macedonia.

Blagoevgrad Municipality
Blagoevgrad Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Благоевград, Obshtina Blagoevgrad) is the most populated municipality in Blagoevgrad Province. It includes Blagoevgrad and 25 villages with population of 77,441 (2011).
Dhobi
Dhobi, known in some places as Dhoba, Rajaka, is a scheduled caste in India and the greater Indian subcontinent whose traditional occupations are washing, ironing, and agricultural labour.

In 2017, Supreme Court of India noted calling people dhobi was offensive.

Kalwar (caste)
The Kalwar, Kalal or Kalar are an Indian caste historically found in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir and other parts of north and central India. The caste is traditionally associated with the distillation and selling of liquor, but around the start of the 20th century assorted Kalwar caste organisations sought to leave that trade and redefine their community through Sanskritisation process.
Monsoon
A monsoon (/mɒnˈsuːn/) is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annual latitudinal oscillation of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) between its limits to the north and south of the equator. Usually, the term monsoon is used to refer to the rainy phase of a seasonally changing pattern, although technically there is also a dry phase. The term is also sometimes used to describe locally heavy but short-term rains.

The major monsoon systems of the world consist of the West African, Asian–Australian, the North American, and South American monsoons.

The term was first used in English in British India and  neighbouring countries to refer to the big seasonal winds blowing from the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea in the southwest bringing heavy rainfall to the area.

Nor'westers
The Nor'westers or Kalboishakhi are a localised rainfall and thunderstorm event which occurs in Bangladesh and the neighbouring Indian states of West Bengal, Odisha, Tripura, Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand in East India and Northeast India during the summer months. These storms generally occur in the afternoon or just before sunset, when thick dark black clouds start appearing over the sky and then bring gale-speed wind with torrential rain, often with hail, but spanning only a short period of time.
2013 Rogers Cup – Women's singles
Serena Williams defeated Sorana Cîrstea in the final, 6–2, 6–0 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2013 Canadian Open. The victory gave Williams her third Canadian Open title, her eighth title of the season, and her 54th career WTA Tour title.

Petra Kvitová was the defending champion, but lost to Cîrstea in the quarterfinals.

2013 Western & Southern Open – Women's singles
Victoria Azarenka defeated Serena Williams in the final, 2–6, 6–2, 7–6(8–6) to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2013 Cincinnati Masters. It was Azarenka's second win against Williams during the year, and Williams' fourth and last loss of the year.

Li Na was the defending champion, but lost to Williams in the semifinals.

This marked the final professional appearance of reigning Wimbledon champion Marion Bartoli; she lost to Simona Halep in the second round.
2002 World Figure Skating Championships
The 2002 World Figure Skating Championships were held at the M-Wave Arena in Nagano, Japan from March 16 to 24, sanctioned by the International Skating Union. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

2002 European Figure Skating Championships
The 2002 European Figure Skating Championships was a senior international figure skating competition in the 2001–02 season. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. The event was held at the Malley Ice Rink in Lausanne, Switzerland from January 14 to 20, 2002.

The first compulsory dance was the Ravensburger Waltz and the second was the Blues.