hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Shockley
William Bradford Shockley (February 13, 1910 – August 12, 1989) was an American solid-state physicist. He was the manager of a research group at Bell Labs that included John Bardeen and Walter Brattain. The three scientists were jointly awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics "for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect."

Partly as a result of Shockley's attempts to commercialize a new transistor design in the 1950s and 1960s, California's Silicon Valley became a hotbed of electronics innovation. He recruited brilliant employees, but quickly alienated them with his autocratic and erratic management; they left and founded major companies in the industry.

In his later life, while he was a professor of electrical engineering at Stanford University and afterward, Shockley became known as a racist and a eugenicist.

Julius Edgar Lilienfeld
Julius Edgar Lilienfeld (April 18, 1882 – August 28, 1963) was an Austro-Hungarian, and later American (where he moved in 1921) electrical engineer and physicist who has been credited with the first patent on the field-effect transistor in 1925. He was never able to build a working practical semiconductor device based on his concept. Additionally, because he didn't publish articles in learned journals and since high-purity semiconductor materials were not available to him, his FET patent never achieved fame, causing confusion for later inventors.
Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi
Sayyid Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi (Arabic: أحمد عبدالله محمد سامبي, born 5 June 1958) is a Comorian Islamic leader and politician, who served as the eighth  President of Comoros from 2006 to 2011. He is popularly known as 'Ayatollah'. After easily winning the 14 May 2006 presidential election with 58.02% of the national vote, Sambi was inaugurated as President of the Union of the Comoros on 26 May 2006. It was the first peaceful transfer of power in the history of the Comoros.

Ikililou Dhoinine
Ikililou Dhoinine (Arabic: إكليل ظنين, born 14 August 1962) is a Comorian politician who served as the ninth President of the Comoros from 2011 to 2016; he was Vice-President of the Comoros from 2006 to 2011.
Polycarp Pengo
Polycarp Pengo (5 August 1944 – 19 February 2026) was a Tanzanian prelate of the Catholic Church who was Archbishop of Dar-es-Salaam, from 1992 to 2019. A bishop from 1983, he was made a cardinal in 1998.

Jude Thaddaeus Ruwa'ichi
Jude Thadaeus Ruwa'ichi, OFMCap (born 30 January 1954) is a Tanzanian prelate of the Catholic Church who has been Archbishop of Dar-es-Salaam since 15 August 2019. He is a Capuchin and has been a bishop since 1998.
2014–15 La Liga
The 2014–15 La Liga season (known as the Liga BBVA for sponsorship reasons) was the 84th season of the premier association football league in Spain. The campaign began on 23 August 2014, and concluded on 24 May 2015.

Barcelona won its 23rd title on 17 May 2015 after defeating defending champions Atlético Madrid at the Vicente Calderón Stadium, and also equalled the all-time record goal difference of +89 (110 goals scored and 21 conceded), originally set by Real Madrid in the 2011–12 season. Barcelona won the title with 94 points, two more than Real Madrid.

2015–16 La Liga
The 2015–16 La Liga season (known as the Liga BBVA for sponsorship reasons) was the 85th since its establishment. Barcelona were the defending champions. The season began on 21 August 2015, and concluded on 15 May 2016.

Barcelona successfully retained the title (their 24th Liga overall) following a 3–0 win against Granada on the final matchday. Barcelona, Real Madrid and Atlético Madrid were engaged in an intense title race, with the three teams finishing with 91, 90 and 88 points respectively.

Barcelona's Luis Suárez finished as the league's top scorer, becoming the first player apart from Lionel Messi or Cristiano Ronaldo to do so since the 2008–09 season.
New Balance
New Balance Athletics, Inc. (NB), doing business as New Balance, is an American multinational footwear and apparel corporation. Based in Boston, Massachusetts, New Balance was founded in 1906 as the New Balance Arch Support Company.

New Balance maintains a manufacturing presence in the United States, as well as in the United Kingdom for the European market, where it produces some of its popular models. New Balance claims to differentiate its products with technical features, such as blended gel inserts, heel counters and a greater selection of sizes, particularly for very narrow or very wide widths. The company is privately held and totaled $6.5 billion in revenue in 2023.

Reebok
Reebok International Limited (/ˈriːbɒk/ REE-bok) is an American footwear and clothing brand that is a part of Authentic Brands Group. It was established in England in 1958 as a companion company to J.W. Foster and Sons, a sporting goods company which had been founded in 1895 in Bolton, Lancashire. From 1958 until 1986, the brand featured the flag of the United Kingdom in its logo to signify the origins of the company. It was bought by German sporting goods company Adidas in 2005, then sold to the United States–based Authentic Brands Group in 2021. The company's global headquarters are located in Boston, Massachusetts, in the Seaport District.
PAF Base Rafiqui
Pakistan Air Force Base Rafiqui formerly known as PAF Base Shorkot (ICAO: OPRQ), is a Pakistan Air Force base located within the outskirts of Shorkot city in the Jhang District of Pakistan's Punjab province and around 337 kilometres (209 mi) south of Islamabad. The airbase was named in honor of Sarfaraz Ahmed Rafiqui, a war hero from the 1965 Indo-Pakistani war who is famous for fighting Indian Hawker Hunters and covering his flight members in an F-86 Sabre with jammed guns. It is the home of Central Air Command's 34th Tactical Attack Wing (34 TA Wing).

PAF Base Mushaf
Pakistan Air Force Base Mushaf or more simply PAF Base Mushaf (formerly PAF Station Sargodha and PAF Base Sargodha), IATA: MSF, ICAO: OPMH) is a Pakistan Air Force airbase situated at Sargodha in Punjab, Pakistan. It is designated as a "Major Operational Base" (MOB) by the PAF.

It was known as PAF Base Sargodha until 2003, when it was renamed in honour of the former Base Commander and Chief of the Air Staff Air Chief Marshal Mushaf Ali Mir, whose aircraft crashed on a routine flight near Kohat in February 2003.

The PAF's Central Air Command (CAC), the Combat Commanders' School (CCS), and the PAF Airpower Centre of Excellence (PAF ACE) are based at PAF Base Mushaf. It is the most elite and widely operational base in Pakistan, consisting of the highest equipped aircraft and squadrons and the best trained pilots and commanders.
Finland women's national bandy team
The Finland women's national bandy team (Finnish: Suomen naisten jääpallomaajoukkue, Swedish: Finlands damlandslag i bandy) represents Finland in the Women's Bandy World Championship and other international bandy competitions. It is governed by the Finnish Bandy Association, a member of the Federation of International Bandy (FIB).

Norway women's national bandy team
Norway Women's National Bandy Team represents Norway in international bandy competitions and friendly matches against other nations in the sport of bandy. The team has participated in all World Championships for women since the inaugural tournament in 2004. As of 2018, the team has won five bronze medals.

Norway was the host for the 2010 Women's Bandy World Championship, which was organized in Drammen.
Red Pyramid
The Red Pyramid, also called the North Pyramid, is the largest of the pyramids located at the Dahshur necropolis in Cairo, Egypt.  It is the third largest Egyptian pyramid, after those of Khufu and Khafre at Giza. It is believed to be Egypt's first successful attempt at constructing a "true" smooth-sided pyramid.

The pyramid is named for the rusty reddish hue of its limestone, but it was not originally red – it was clad in white Tura limestone. During the Middle Ages, much of the cladding was taken for buildings in Cairo, exposing the red limestone. Only a few white blocks remain, at the pyramid's base.

Local residents refer to the Red Pyramid as el-heram el-watwaat, meaning the Bat Pyramid.

Meidum
Meidum, Maydum or Maidum (Arabic: ميدوم, Ancient Egyptian: Mr(y)-Jtmw, lit. 'beloved of Atum', Ancient Greek: Μοι(ε)θυμις) is an archaeological site in Lower Egypt. It contains a large pyramid and several mudbrick mastabas. The pyramid was Egypt's first straight-sided one, but it partially collapsed in ancient times.  The area is located around 72 kilometres (45 mi) south of modern Cairo.
Donald Byrd
Donaldson Toussaint L'Ouverture Byrd II (December 9, 1932 – February 4, 2013) was an American jazz and rhythm & blues trumpeter, composer and vocalist. A sideman for many other jazz musicians of his generation, Byrd was one of the few hard bop musicians who successfully explored funk and soul while remaining a jazz artist. As a bandleader, Byrd was an influence on the early career of Herbie Hancock and many others.

Hank Jones
Henry Jones Jr. (July 31, 1918 – May 16, 2010) was an American jazz pianist, bandleader, arranger, and composer. Critics and musicians have described Jones as eloquent, lyrical, and impeccable. In 1989, The National Endowment for the Arts honored him with the NEA Jazz Masters Award. He was also honored in 2003 with the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP) Jazz Living Legend Award. In 2008, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts. On April 13, 2009, the University of Hartford presented Jones with an honorary Doctorate of Music for his musical accomplishments.

Jones recorded more than 60 albums under his own name and is estimated to have "appeared on over a thousand recordings" as a sideman, including Cannonball Adderley's celebrated album Somethin' Else with Miles Davis. On May 19, 1962, he played piano as actress Marilyn Monroe sang her famous "Happy Birthday, Mr. President" song to then U.S. president John F. Kennedy.
Husayn Burujardi
Ayatollah Seyyed Hossein Ali Tabatabaei Borujerdi (Luri/Persian: آیت الله العظمی سید حسین طباطبایی بروجردی; 23 March 1875 – 30 March 1961) was an Iranian Twelver Shia cleric and marja' of Iran from 1947 to his death in 1961. He was a major proponent for the elimination of Baha'is in Iran.

Mohammad-Reza Golpaygani
Grand Ayatollah Mohammad-Reza Golpaygani (Persian: محمدرضا گلپایگانی; March 20, 1899 – December 9, 1993) was an Iranian Shia and marja' scholar. He was born in 1899 in Gogad village near the city of Golpaygan, Iran. He was taught preliminary studies by his father, Mohammad Bagher. At the age of 9, his father died and he later on moved to Golpaygan to continue his studies. He was one of the highest-ranking Shia clergies to participate in the Iranian Revolution, and a one-time serious contender to succeed Ruhollah Khomeini in the 1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election. However, his candidacy was voted down by the Assembly of Experts, in favor of the eventual successor, Ali Khamenei.
Thun railway station
Thun is a railway station in the town of Thun, in the Swiss canton of Bern. At the station, the Swiss Federal Railways owned Bern to Thun main line makes a junction with the other lines, all owned by the BLS AG. These lines are the Gürbetal line from Bern via Belp, the Burgdorf to Thun line from Burgdorf via Konolfingen, and the Lake Thun line to Spiez and Interlaken.

The station is served by various operators, including BLS, Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) and Deutsche Bahn.

The station also provides an interchange with the local bus network provided by the Verkehrsbetriebe STI. Ships of the BLS-owned fleet on Lake Thun serve a quay at the station, which they access via a navigable stretch of the Aare and the Thun ship canal.

Ostermundigen railway station
Ostermundigen railway station (German: Bahnhof Ostermundigen) is a railway station in the municipality of Ostermundigen, in the Swiss canton of Bern. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge Bern–Lucerne and Bern–Thun lines of Swiss Federal Railways.
Ted Nash (saxophonist, born 1922)
Theodore Malcolm Nash (October 31, 1922 – May 12, 2011) was a jazz musician who played saxophone, flute, and clarinet. He was a session musician in Hollywood studios. His brother is trombonist Dick Nash and his nephew is saxophonist Ted Nash, who is a member of the Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra led by Wynton Marsalis.

Ronnie Lang
Ronnie Lang (sometimes spelled Ronny; born July 24, 1927) is an American jazz alto saxophonist.  His professional début was with Hoagy Carmichael's Teenagers.  He also played with Earle Spencer (1946), Ike Carpenter, and Skinnay Ennis (1947). Lang gained attention during his two tenures with Les Brown's Orchestra (1949–50 and 1953–56).  He recorded with the Dave Pell Octet in the mid-1950s.  During this time he attended Los Angeles State College of Applied Arts and Sciences studying music and woodwinds.  In 1958 he became a prolific studio musician in Los Angeles, often employed by Henry Mancini, and he played the iconic sax melodic line in Bernard Herrmann's score for the movie Taxi Driver (1976). Lang also recorded with Pete Rugolo (1956), Bob Thiele (1975), and Peggy Lee (1975).
Saamy
Saamy (transl. God) is a 2003 Indian Tamil-language action film written and directed by Hari and produced by Pushpa Kandasamy under the banner of Kavithalayaa Productions and presented by K. Balachander. The film stars Vikram in the main lead role as DCP C. Aaru Saamy IPS. Trisha, Kota Srinivasa Rao (in his Tamil debut), Vijayakumar, Ramesh Khanna and Vivek play supporting roles. The music was composed by Harris Jayaraj, while the cinematography and editing were handled by Priyan and V. T. Vijayan, respectively.

Saamy was released on 1 May 2003 and became a commercial blockbuster at the box office. The film was remade in Telugu as Lakshmi Narasimha (2004), in Bengali as Barood (2004), in Kannada as Ayya (2005), and in Hindi as Policegiri (2013). Along with Kaakha Kaakha, the film started a trend of cop films in Tamil cinema. A sequel titled Saamy Square was released in 2018.

Dhool
Dhool (transl. Fantastic) is a 2003 Indian Tamil-language masala film written and directed by Dharani. The film stars Vikram and Jyothika in lead roles while Reema Sen, Vivek, Sayaji Shinde, Telangana Shakuntala and Pasupathy play other supporting roles. It follows a man who fights to close a chemical factory that has been releasing toxic waste into the river, affecting the people of his village. Produced by A. M. Rathnam at a cost of ₹7 crore, the film was released on 14 January 2003 and became a commercial success. Dhool was remade in Telugu as Veede (2003) with Sayaji, Sen and Pasupathy reprising their roles, in Punjabi as The Lion of Punjab (2011) and in Sinhala as Ranja (2014).
List of unnumbered minor planets: 2003 T
This is a partial list of unnumbered minor planets for principal provisional designations assigned during 1–15 October 2003. As of November 2025, a total of 96 bodies remain unnumbered for this period. Objects for this year are listed on the following pages: A–E · F–G · H–L · M–R · Si · Sii · Siii · Siv · T · Ui · Uii · Uiii · Uiv · V · Wi · Wii and X–Y. Also see previous and next year.

List of unnumbered minor planets: 2003 X–Y
This is a partial list of unnumbered minor planets for principal provisional designations assigned during 1–31 December 2003. As of November 2025, a total of 115 bodies remain unnumbered for this period. Objects for this year are listed on the following pages: A–E · F–G · H–L · M–R · Si · Sii · Siii · Siv · T · Ui · Uii · Uiii · Uiv · V · Wi · Wii and X–Y. Also see previous and next year.
Bulleen
Bulleen (/bʊliːn/ BULL-een) is an eastern suburb in Melbourne, Australia, 13 km north-east of the Melbourne central business district, located within the City of Manningham local government area. Bulleen recorded a population of 11,219 at the 2021 census.

Doncaster, Victoria
Doncaster (/ˈdɒŋkɑːstər/ DONK-ah-stər) is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 15 km (9.3 mi) east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Manningham local government area. Doncaster recorded a population of 25,020 at the 2021 census.

The suburb is situated on 8.9 km2 (3.4 sq mi) of land, around the top of the 120 m (390 ft) high Doncaster Hill. The suburb consists of a central area along the top of Doncaster Hill, which includes several historical buildings along Doncaster Road, the Westfield Doncaster Shopping Centre and surrounding high-rise apartments, while the rest of the suburb is typical of many of Melbourne's eastern suburbs, with extensive low-density housing.
Hot Bird
Hot Bird (also styled Hotbird) is a group of satellites operated by Eutelsat, located at 13°E over the equator (orbital position) and with a transmitting footprint over Asia, Europe, North Africa, Americas and the Middle East.

Only digital radio and television channels are transmitted by the Hot Bird constellation, both free-to-air and encrypted. In addition there are a few interactive and IP services. The satellites currently operate at 13° East and are numbered 13B, 13E and 13G. The satellites have been broadcasting digital-only since TV5Monde switched off its analogue signal in 2010.

Arab Satellite Communications Organization
The Arab Satellite Communications Organization (often abbreviated as Arabsat) is a communications satellite operator in the Arab World, headquartered in the city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Arabsat was created to deliver satellite-based, public and private telecommunications services to the Arab States, in accordance with International Standards. With 21 member countries, the organization plays a vital role of enhancing communications in the Arab World.

The Arabsat satellites are a series of geostationary communications satellites launched from 1985 through 2019. Some of the later satellites in the series remain operational in orbit, while others have been retired and are derelict.
Usipetes
The Usipetes or Usipii (in Plutarch's Greek, Ousipai, and possibly the same as the Ouispoi of Ptolemy) were an ancient Germanic people who entered the written record when they encountered Julius Caesar in 56/55 BC when they attempted to find a new settlement west of the Rhine, together with the Tencteri, who were both attempting to move away from the aggressions of the Suevi on the east side of the Rhine. After the Romans slaughtered a great number of both tribes, they resettled on the east bank with the help of the Sicambri.

By about 100 AD, in the time of the Roman author Tacitus, the Usipii and Tencterii had moved southwards along the eastern bank of the Rhine into a position between the Chatti and the river. During the reign of Gallienus around 260-268 AD, the Laterculus Veronensis, reports that the Romans lost control of the Usipii lands, and after this they no longer appear in historical records.

Eburones
The Eburones were the largest of the Germanic peoples dwelling in the northeast of Gaul - the so-called Germani cisrhenani - during the Gallic Wars of Julius Caesar in the years 58-50 BC. They fought and eventually lost against the Roman forces of Caesar in alliance with their fellow Belgae of northern Gaul, and the Treveri who were their neighbours to the south. They do not appear in historical records after this.

Scholars debate the exact extent of their country, but they lived in a region west of the Rhine, north of the Ardennes, and near the Meuse. This roughly corresponds today with the southern Netherlands, eastern Belgium and the German Rhineland.

Caesar claimed that the name of the Eburones was wiped out after their  failed revolt against his forces during the Gallic Wars, and that the tribe was largely annihilated. Whether any significant part of the population lived on in the area as Tungri, the tribal name found here later, is uncertain but considered likely.
East Berlin
East Berlin (German: Ost-Berlin; pronounced [ˈɔstbɛ:ˌliːn] ⓘ) was the capital of East Germany (GDR) from 1949 to 1990. From 1945, it was the Soviet occupation sector of Berlin. The American, British, and French sectors were known as West Berlin. From 13 August 1961 until 9 November 1989, East Berlin was separated from West Berlin by the Berlin Wall. The Western Allied powers did not recognize East Berlin as the GDR's capital, nor the GDR's authority to govern East Berlin. For most of its administrative existence, East Berlin was officially known as Berlin, capital of the GDR (German: Berlin, Hauptstadt der DDR) by the GDR government. On 3 October 1990, the day Germany was officially reunified, East and West Berlin formally reunited as the city of Berlin.

Republikflucht
Republikflucht ([ʁepuˈbliːkˌflʊxt] ⓘ; German for "desertion from the republic", lit. 'republic flight') was the colloquial term in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) for illegal emigration to the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), West Berlin, and non-Warsaw Pact countries. The official term was Ungesetzlicher Grenzübertritt ("unlawful border crossing"). Republikflucht applied to both the 3.5 million Germans who migrated legally from the Soviet occupation zone and East Germany before the Berlin Wall was built on 13 August 1961, and the thousands who migrated illegally across the Iron Curtain until 23 December 1989. It has been estimated that 30,000 people left the GDR per year between 1984 and 1988, and up to 300,000 per year before the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961.
MSV Duisburg
Meidericher Spielverein 02 e. V. Duisburg, commonly known as simply MSV Duisburg (German pronunciation: [ʔɛm ʔɛs faʊ ˈdyːsbʊɐ̯k]), is a German association football club based in Duisburg, North Rhine-Westphalia. Nicknamed Die Zebras for their traditional striped jerseys, the club was one of the original members of the Bundesliga when it was formed in 1963.

Holstein Kiel
Kieler Sportvereinigung Holstein von 1900 e.V., commonly known as Holstein Kiel (German pronunciation: [ˌhɔlʃtaɪn ˈkiːl] ⓘ) or KSV Holstein, is a German association football and sports club based in the city of Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein. From the 1900s through the 1960s, the club was one of the most dominant sides in northern Germany. Some notable honors from that period include the German football championship in 1912, and  being vice-champions 1910 and 1930. Holstein also won six regional titles and finished as runners-up another nine times. They remained a first-division side until the formation of the Bundesliga in 1963. They made their debut in the Bundesliga in the 2024–25 season after gaining promotion from the 2. Bundesliga in 2024, but were relegated after one season.
Greg Holland
Gregory Scott Holland (born November 20, 1985) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Kansas City Royals, Colorado Rockies, St. Louis Cardinals, Washington Nationals, Arizona Diamondbacks, and Texas Rangers. Holland is a three-time All-Star.

After pitching for Western Carolina University, Holland made his MLB debut with the Royals in 2010. He became their closer and made the All-Star Game in 2013 and 2014, and also won the Mariano Rivera Award in 2014. Holland was a member of the 2015 Kansas City Royals team that won the World Series. He missed the 2016 season while recovering from Tommy John surgery, and signed with the Colorado Rockies for the 2017 season. He led the National League in saves with the Rockies, and signed with the Cardinals for the 2018 season.

Kelvin Herrera
Kelvin de Jesús Herrera Mercado (born December 31, 1989) is a Dominican former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Kansas City Royals from 2011 to 2018, Washington Nationals in 2018, and Chicago White Sox in 2019 and 2020. Herrera is a two-time MLB All-Star.