hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)
The Ministry of Defence (MOD or MoD) is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It is responsible for implementing the defence policy set by the government and serves as the headquarters of the British Armed Forces.

Officially, its principal objectives are to defend the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and its interests and to strengthen international peace and stability. The MOD also manages day-to-day running of the armed forces, contingency planning and defence procurement.

The expenditure, administration and policy of the MOD are scrutinised by the Defence Select Committee, except for Defence Intelligence which instead falls under the Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament.

The Ministry of Defence has been involved in commercial activities; an example of which is their 2025 announcement to supply Norway with warships, the UK's largest warship export deal by value.

Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom)
Chief of the General Staff (CGS) has been the title of the professional head of the British Army since 1964. The CGS is a member of both the Chiefs of Staff Committee and the Army Board; he is also the Chair of the Executive Committee of the Army Board. Prior to 1964, the title was Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS). Since 1959, the post has been immediately subordinate to the Chief of the Defence Staff, the post held by the professional head of the British Armed Forces.

The current Chief of the General Staff is General Sir Roland Walker, who succeeded General Sir Patrick Sanders in the role on 15 June 2024.
Piotr Litvinsky
Piotr Petrovich Litvinsky (Russian: Пё́тр Петро́вич Литви́нский; 7 November 1927 – 8 July 2009) was a Russian Soviet realist painter and art teacher, Honored Artist of the Russian Federation, who lived and worked in Saint Petersburg (former Leningrad) and Moscow. He was a member of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists (before 1992 named as the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation), and regarded as one of representatives of the Leningrad school of painting, most famous for his cityscapes and historical paintings.

Rostislav Vovkushevsky
Rostislav Ivanovich Vovkushevsky (Russian: Ростисла́в Ива́нович Вовкуше́вский; March 22, 1917 – August 14, 2000) was a Russian Soviet realist painter, who lived and worked in Leningrad. He was a member of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists (before 1992 named as the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation), and regarded as one of representatives of the Leningrad school of painting.
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is a bi-monthly, nontechnical academic journal, published by an organization of the same name. The organization named "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists" is a nonprofit organization concerning science and global security issues resulting from accelerating technological advances that have negative consequences for humanity. It publishes content both at a free-access website and through the journal. The organization has been publishing continuously since 1945, when it was founded by former Manhattan Project scientists as the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists of Chicago immediately following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The organization is also the keeper of the symbolic Doomsday Clock, the time of which is announced each January.

Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs
The Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs is an international organization that brings together scholars and public figures to work toward reducing the danger of armed conflict and to seek solutions to global security threats. It was founded in 1957 by Joseph Rotblat and Bertrand Russell in Pugwash, Nova Scotia, Canada, following the release of the Russell–Einstein Manifesto in 1955.

Rotblat and the Pugwash Conference jointly won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1995 for their efforts on nuclear disarmament. International Student/Young Pugwash groups have existed since founder Cyrus Eaton's death in 1979.
New York City Ballet
New York City Ballet (NYCB) is a ballet company founded in 1948 by choreographer George Balanchine and Lincoln Kirstein.  Balanchine and Jerome Robbins are considered the founding choreographers of the company. Léon Barzin was the company's first music director.  City Ballet grew out of earlier troupes: the Producing Company of the School of American Ballet, 1934; the American Ballet, 1935, and Ballet Caravan, 1936, which merged into American Ballet Caravan, 1941; and directly from the Ballet Society, 1946.

Cuban National Ballet
The Cuban National Ballet (Spanish: Ballet Nacional de Cuba) is a classical ballet company based at Great Theatre of Havana in Havana, Cuba, founded by the Cuban prima ballerina assoluta, Alicia Alonso in 1948.  The official school of the company is the Cuban National Ballet School.
Doylestown, Pennsylvania
Doylestown is a borough in and the county seat of Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the borough population was 8,300.

Doylestown is located 20 miles (32 km) northwest of Trenton, 25 miles (40 km) north of Center City Philadelphia, and 27 miles (43 km) southeast of Allentown. It is part of the Delaware Valley, and the Philadelphia metropolitan area.

Lansdale/Doylestown Line
The Lansdale/Doylestown Line is a SEPTA Regional Rail line connecting Center City Philadelphia to Doylestown in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. With 9,257 daily riders every weekday in FY 2024, it is the second busiest line in SEPTA's Regional Rail network.

Until 1981, diesel-powered trains continued on the Bethlehem Branch from Lansdale to Quakertown, Bethlehem, and Allentown. Restored service on that portion has been proposed, but is not planned by SEPTA. The line is currently used by the East Penn Railroad for freight.
Governor
A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of a state's official representative. Depending on the type of political region or polity, a governor may be either appointed or elected, and the governor's powers can vary significantly, depending on the public laws in place locally. The adjective pertaining to a governor is gubernatorial, from the Latin root gubernare. In a federated state, the governor may serve as head of state and head of government for their regional polity, while still operating under the laws of the federation, which has its own head of state for the entire federation.

Chair (officer)
The chair, also chairman, chairwoman, or chairperson, is the presiding officer of an organized group such as a board, committee, or deliberative assembly. The person holding the office, who is typically elected or appointed by members of the group or organisation, presides over meetings of the group, and is required to conduct the group's business in an orderly fashion.

In some organizations, the chair is also known as president (or other title). In others, where a board appoints a president (or other title), the two terms are used for distinct positions. The term chairman may be used in a neutral manner, not directly implying the gender of the holder. In meetings or conferences, to "chair" something (chairing) means to lead the event.
Australia women's national rugby sevens team
The Australia women's national rugby sevens team, are the Australia national rugby sevens team of women. They were champions of the inaugural Women's Sevens World Cup in 2009. The team plays in the World Rugby Women's Sevens Series as one of the "core teams" on the world tour, of which they have been crowned Champions three times. The team also played in the preceding competition to the current world series, the IRB Women's Sevens Challenge Cup. In 2016, they won the inaugural gold medal at the Rio Summer Olympics.

Spain women's national rugby sevens team
Spain women's national rugby sevens team participates in the European Women's Sevens Series and finished second overall in the 2012 FIRA-AER Women's Sevens Grand Prix Series. Spain qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics by winning the 2016 Women's Rugby Sevens Final Olympic Qualification Tournament in Dublin, Ireland. They defeated Russia in the finals 19–12.
Current Contents
Current Contents is a rapid alerting service database from Clarivate, formerly the Institute for Scientific Information and Thomson Reuters. It is published online and in several different printed subject sections.

Academic Search
Academic Search is a monthly indexing service. It was first published in 1997 by EBSCO Publishing in Ipswich, Massachusetts. Its academic focus is international universities, covering social science, education, psychology, and other subjects. Publishing formats covered are academic journals, magazines, newspapers, and CD-ROM.
Amazon MGM Studios
Amazon MGM Studios is an American film and television production and distribution company owned by Amazon, and headquartered at the Culver Studios complex in Culver City, California. Launched in November 2010 as Amazon Studios, the company adopted its name in October 2023 after its merger with MGM Holdings, which Amazon had acquired the year prior.

Productions from the studio are primarily distributed through theaters and Amazon's own streaming media service, Amazon Prime Video.

Alongside Amazon Prime Video, the company constitutes one half of Amazon's membership in the Motion Picture Association (MPA), which it joined in October 2024.

Warner Bros.
Warner Bros. is a brand name that has been used by several multinational mass media and entertainment companies and corporations, mostly based in the United States, with attributions to Warner Bros. Pictures, a major American film studio founded on April 4, 1923.

As of 2026, Warner Bros. Discovery owns the motion picture and television assets derived from the original Warner Bros. studio, while the latter's original recorded music arm, Warner Records (formerly known as Warner Bros. Records), now a flagship subsidiary of Warner Music Group, has been independently owned since 2004. Several other former subsidiaries and divisions have been spun off or sold, but no longer use the Warner name.
Underground music
Underground music is music with practices perceived as outside, or somehow opposed to, mainstream popular music culture. Underground styles lack the commercial success of popular music movements, and may involve the use of avant-garde or abrasive approaches. Underground music may be perceived as expressing sincerity and creative freedom in opposition to those practices deemed formulaic or market-driven. Tying into broader anti-establishment themes, counterculture music can refer to a web of various nonconforming social groups that distinguish themselves from mainstream society.

Independent record label
An independent record label (or indie label) is a music company that operates without the funding or distribution of major record labels. These labels typically function as small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Independent labels and their artists are often represented by regional trade associations, which are in turn represented globally by the Worldwide Independent Network (WIN).

Many of the labels started as producers and distributors of specific genres of music, such as jazz music, or represent something new and non-mainstream, such as Elvis Presley in the early days. Indies release rock, soul, R&B, jazz, blues, gospel, reggae, hip hop, and world music. Music appearing on indie labels is often referred to as indie music, or more specifically by genre, such as indie hip-hop.
Mikkey Dee
Micael Kiriakos Delaoglou (born 31 October 1963), known professionally as Mikkey Dee, is a Swedish musician, who has played drums for German heavy metal band Scorpions since 2016. He was the drummer for English heavy metal band Motörhead from 1992 until 2015, and has played with other artists including King Diamond, Helloween and Don Dokken.

Würzel
Michael Richard Burston (23 October 1949 – 9 July 2011), commonly known by the stage name Würzel, was an English musician who played professionally for three decades. He played guitar in British rock band Motörhead from 1984 to 1995, playing on six studio albums and two live albums. Würzel died at the age of 61, following heart complications.
NDTV
New Delhi Television Ltd (NDTV) is an Indian news media company focusing on broadcast and digital news publication. It was founded in 1984 by economist Prannoy Roy and journalist Radhika Roy.

NDTV began as a production house for news segments, contracted by the public broadcaster Doordarshan and international satellite channels when television broadcasting was a state monopoly, and transitioned into India's first independent news network. The company launched the first 24x7 news channel in partnership with Star India in 1998. In 2003, it became an independent broadcasting network with the simultaneous launch of the Hindi and English language news channels NDTV India and NDTV 24x7.

In 2022, the Adani Group, noted for its close ties with the BJP, acquired a majority stake in the company. Adani's takeover led many prominent members of the channel to resign, including Ravish Kumar.

News18 India
News18 India  is an Indian Hindi-language television channel owned by the Network18 Group. It was launched in 2005 as Channel 7 by Jagran Prakashan and acquired in 2006 by Network18 Group and rebranded IBN7. In 2016 it took its current name.
In 2013, News18 India launched, on channel 520 on the UK's Sky TV platform News18, a live version of the parent channel. In 2014, News18 launched in the U.S.

The channel has been criticized as being a part of pro-Modi government "Godi media" news outlets.
CF Villanovense
Club de Fútbol Villanovense is a Spanish football team based in Villanueva de la Serena, in the autonomous community of Extremadura. Founded in 1992 it plays in Tercera Federación – Group 14, holding home matches at Estadio Romero Cuerda, with a capacity of 5,000 seats.

Tercera División
Tercera División (English: Third Division) was the fourth tier of the Spanish football league system. Until 1977, it was the third tier of the Spanish football league system. Founded in 1929, it was below the Primera División (also known as La Liga), the Segunda División, and  the semi-professional Segunda División B.

For the 2021–22 season, Tercera División was replaced by Tercera División RFEF, which became the fifth tier due to the creation of a new, semi-professional third division by the Spanish federation (RFEF) called the Primera División RFEF.
Rainer Schüttler
Rainer Schüttler (German pronunciation: [ˈraɪnɐ ˈʃʏtlɐ]; born 25 April 1976) is a German former professional tennis player. Schüttler was the runner-up at the 2003 Australian Open and a semifinalist at the 2008 Wimbledon Championships. He won an Olympic silver medal in doubles at the 2004 Athens Olympics, and achieved a career-high ranking of world No. 5 in April 2004.

Michael Kohlmann
Michael Kohlmann (born 11 January 1974) is a retired professional tennis player from Germany.

Primarily a doubles specialist, he has won five ATP Tour doubles titles in his career. In March 2007, he reached his career-high doubles ranking of World No. 27.

Kohlmann reached the third round of the 1998 US Open in singles and was part of the squad who reached the semifinals of the 2007 Davis Cup. Since 2015 he is the captain of the Germany Davis Cup Team.
2004–05 Süper Lig
The 2004–05 Süper Lig was 47th edition of Turkish league and 4th edition of Turkish Super League. Fenerbahçe won their 16th title, being 3 points ahead Trabzonspor and 4 points ahead Galatasaray. In the final fixture, Diyarbakırspor were 1 point behind Sakaryaspor. Malatyaspor and Diyarbakırspor are rivals, but Malatyaspor, defeating 4-2 Sakaryaspor at home, allowed Diyarbakırspor to remain, winning 1-0 away over Samsunspor. Galatasaray won the Cup, beating rivals Fenerbahçe with 5-1.

2003–04 Süper Lig
The 2003–04 Süper Lig was the 46th league season, and the third season of Süper Lig. Fenerbahçe won their 15th title, being 4 points ahead Trabzonspor. Since Turkey dropped from eighth to tenth place in the UEFA association coefficient rankings at the end of the 2002–03 season, the league has lost two of its UEFA Cup berths.

An extremely dramatic final fixture took place, because in the relegation places, there were four teams. Bursaspor, with 37 points, İstanbulspor with 38, Çaykur Rizespor and Akçaabat Sebatspor with 39. İstanbulspor, managed by Aykut Kocaman, won 2-0 away at Konya over Konyaspor, Çaykur Rizespor defeated Beşiktaş 1-0, and Akçaabat Sebatspor beaten Ankaragücü 3-2. Bursaspor, defeating 1-0 Samsunspor reached the 40 points, but they were relegated.
2019 United States Grand Prix
The 2019 United States Grand Prix (officially known as the Formula 1 Emirates United States Grand Prix 2019) was a Formula One motor race held on November 3, 2019, at the Circuit of the Americas in Austin, Texas, United States. The race was the 19th round of the 2019 Formula One World Championship and marked the 49th running of the United States Grand Prix, the 41st time that the race was run as a World Championship event since the inaugural 1950 season, and the 8th time that a World Championship round was held at the Circuit of the Americas in Austin, Texas.

Valtteri Bottas won the race from pole, Lewis Hamilton finished second with Max Verstappen third. In finishing second, Hamilton secured his sixth world championship.

2019 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix
The 2019 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix (formally known as the Formula 1 Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi Grand Prix 2019) was a Formula One motor race that was held on 1 December 2019 at the Yas Marina Circuit in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The race was the twenty first and final round of the 2019 Formula One World Championship and marked the eleventh running of the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix and the eleventh time that the race was run as a World Championship event since the inaugural event in 2009. This was also the first time that a race was held in December since the 1963 South African Grand Prix. It was the final race for Toro Rosso, as the team was rebranded to AlphaTauri for the 2020 season.
Italian cruiser Minerva
Minerva was a torpedo cruiser of the Partenope class built for the Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy) in the 1880s. The second of eight ships, Minerva was built by Gio. Ansaldo & C.; her keel was laid down in February 1889, she was launched in February 1892, and she was commissioned in August that year. Her main armament were her five torpedo tubes, which were supported by a battery of ten small-caliber guns. Minerva spent most of her career in the main Italian fleet, where she was primarily occupied with training exercises. She was converted into a minelayer in 1909–1910. She did not see significant action during the Italo-Turkish War in 1911 or World War I in 1915–1918, though she was used to lay defensive minefields during the latter conflict. The ship was sold for scrap in 1921.

Italian cruiser Euridice
Euridice was a torpedo cruiser of the Partenope class built for the Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy) in the 1880s. She was built by the Regio Cantiere di Castellammare di Stabia shipyard, with her keel laying in February 1889, her launching in September 1890, and her commissioning in May 1891. Her main armament was her six torpedo tubes, which were supported by a battery of ten small-caliber guns. Euridice spent most of her career in the main Italian fleet, where she was primarily occupied with training exercises. She was withdrawn from service in 1907 and sold for scrapping.
Gächinger Kantorei
Gächinger Kantorei (Gächingen Chorale) is an internationally known German mixed choir, founded by Helmuth Rilling in 1954 in Gächingen (part of St. Johann close to Reutlingen) and conducted by him until 2013, succeeded by Hans-Christoph Rademann. In 2016 they began to use the old German spelling of its name, Gaechinger Cantorey.

A "Kantorei" is a choir of high standard dedicated mostly, but not exclusively, to sacred music. The ensemble operates in Stuttgart now and was therefore officially named Gächinger Kantorei Stuttgart. The choir has up to 200 voices, called together for projects from Germany and Switzerland, most of them singers with a degree in music. Since 1965 they have performed music with orchestra, the Bach-Collegium Stuttgart, including several first performances.

Kurt Equiluz
Kurt Equiluz (13 June 1929 – 20 June 2022) was an Austrian classical tenor. He was a member of the Vienna State Opera as a tenor buffo from 1957 until 1983, remembered for roles such as Pedrillo in Mozart's Die Entführung aus dem Serail. He appeared regularly at the Salzburg Festival, including world premieres such as Rolf Liebermann's Penelope in 1954. He recorded works by Johann Sebastian Bach with conductors such as Michel Corboz, Helmuth Rilling and Charles de Wolff, and prominently as the Evangelist in the first recording of Bach's St John Passion on period instruments with the Concentus Musicus Wien in 1965, conducted by Nikolaus Harnoncourt.
Human Rights Watch
Human Rights Watch (HRW) is a nonprofit watchdog group headquartered in New York City.

The organization was founded in 1978 as Helsinki Watch, whose purpose was to monitor the Soviet Union's compliance with the 1975 Helsinki Accords. Its separate global divisions merged into Human Rights Watch in 1988.

Human shield
A human shield is a non-combatant (or a group of non-combatants) who either volunteers or is forced to shield a legitimate military target in order to deter the enemy from attacking it. The 20th and 21st centuries had numerous operations that used involuntary human shields. Use of voluntary human shields have also had use, particularly with Mahatma Gandhi using the concept as a tool of resistance.
Brigadier general
Brigadier general or brigade general is a military rank used in many countries. The rank is usually above a colonel, and below a major general or divisional general. When appointed to a field command, a brigadier general is typically in command of a brigade consisting of around 4,000 troops (two regiments or four battalions).

Singapore Army
The Singapore Army is the land service branch of the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF). The largest of the four branches of the SAF, the Singapore Army traces its origins to the 1st Battalion, Singapore Infantry Regiment (1 SIR), which was formed in 1957, under British colonial rule. After Singapore's independence on 9 August 1965, the Singapore Army Bill was passed in Parliament on 23 December 1965, and National Service (NS) was subsequently introduced in 1967. Mostly made up of conscripts, the Singapore Army can mobilise all operationally-ready military reservists in the event of war or national exigencies.
Yaverlandia
Yaverlandia (meaning "of Yaverland Point/Yaverland Battery") is a genus of theropod dinosaur known. It is from a partial fossil skull (MIWG 1530) found in Lower Cretaceous strata of the Wessex Formation (Upper Silty Bed) in the Isle of Wight, England. When MIWG 1530 was first described in a 1930 work by D. M.S. Watson, similarities were noted with the ornithopod genus Vectisaurus and the theropod genus Troodon, and in 1936 it was ultimately assigned to the former. It was recognised as a distinct genus in 1971, by Peter Galton, who re-examined the remains. Galton assigned one species, Y. bitholus, to Yaverlandia. He believed that it was the oldest member of the family Pachycephalosauridae. Subsequent research by Darren Naish suggests that Yaverlandia is instead a maniraptoran theropod.

Comptonatus
Comptonatus (meaning "the Compton thunderer") is a genus of ornithopod dinosaur from the early Cretaceous period. Its remains are known from the Wessex Formation in England. The type and only species is C. chasei.