hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series
The  NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series (NOAPS) is a stock car racing series organized by NASCAR. It is the company's second national division, behind the NASCAR Cup Series and in front of NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series. NOAPS events are frequently held as a support race on the day prior to a Cup Series event scheduled for that weekend.

The series was previously called the Budweiser Late Model Sportsman Series in 1982 and 1983, the NASCAR Busch Grand National Series from 1984 through 2002, the NASCAR Busch Series from 2003 through 2007, the NASCAR Nationwide Series from 2008 through 2014, and the NASCAR Xfinity Series from 2015 to 2025. Under the Xfinity name, it was sponsored by Comcast via its consumer cable and wireless brand. O'Reilly Auto Parts assumed title sponsorship in 2026.

NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series at Watkins Glen
Stock car races in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series has been held at Watkins Glen International in Watkins Glen, New York as a companion to the Cup race at the track since 1991. The 201.228 miles (323.845 km) race is currently known as Mission 200 at The Glen for sponsorship reasons. Connor Zilisch is the defending winner.
Extended play
An extended play (EP) is a musical recording that contains more tracks than a single but fewer than an album. Contemporary EPs usually contain up to eight tracks and have a playing time of 15 to 30 minutes. An EP is usually less cohesive than an album and more "non-committal".

The term "extended play" originally referred to a specific type of 45-rpm phonograph record other than 78-rpm standard-play (SP) and 33+1⁄3-rpm long-play (LP), but, with the advent of digital media, has evolved to apply to mid-length CDs and music downloads. EPs are considered "less expensive and less time-consuming" for an artist to produce than an album, and have long been popular with punk and indie bands. In K-pop and J-pop, they are usually referred to as mini-albums.

Source Music
Source Music Co., Ltd. (Korean: 쏘스뮤직) is a South Korean record label established in 2009 by So Sung-jin. In July 2019, the company was acquired by Hybe Corporation, making the company part of the collective term "Hybe Labels". The company manages girl group Le Sserafim, and previously managed soloist Kan Mi-youn and girl groups Glam and GFriend.
Stage (stratigraphy)
In chronostratigraphy, a stage is a succession of rock strata laid down in a single age on the geologic timescale, which usually represents millions of years of deposition.  A given stage of rock and the corresponding age of time will by convention have the same name, and the same boundaries.

Rock series are divided into stages, just as geological epochs are divided into ages. Stages are divided into smaller stratigraphic units called chronozones or substages, and added together into superstages.

The term faunal stage is sometimes used, referring to the fact that the same fauna (animals) are found throughout the layer (by definition).

Stratigraphic unit
A stratigraphic unit is a volume of rock of identifiable origin and relative age range that is defined by the distinctive and dominant, easily mapped and recognizable petrographic, lithologic or paleontologic features (facies) that characterize it.

Units must be mappable and distinct from one another, but the contact need not be particularly distinct. For instance, a unit may be defined by terms such as "when the sandstone component exceeds 75%".
Tahir ibn Husayn
Ṭāhir ibn Ḥusayn (Arabic: طاهر بن الحسين, Tahir bin al-Husayn), also known as Dhul-Yamīnayn (Arabic: ذو اليمينين, "the ambidextrous"), and al-Aʿwar (Arabic: الأعور, "the one-eyed"), was a general and governor during the Abbasid Caliphate.  Specifically, he served under al-Ma'mun during the Fourth Fitna and led the armies that would defeat al-Amin, making al-Ma'mun the caliph.

Tahir bin al-Husayn was then appointed governor of Khorasan as a reward, which marked the beginning of the Tahirids.

Abdallah ibn Tahir al-Khurasani
Abdallah ibn Tahir (Persian: عبدالله طاهر, Arabic: عبد الله بن طاهر الخراساني) (ca. 798–844/5) was a military leader and the Tahirid governor of Khurasan from 828 until his death. He is perhaps the most famous of the Tahirids. His career spanned twenty-five years under three caliphs, al-Ma'mun, al-Mu'tasim, and al-Wathiq. Militarily, he is known for defeating the powerful rebels Nasr ibn Shabath in the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia) and Ubaydallah ibn al-Sari in Egypt.
Lapilli
Lapilli (sg.: lapillus) is a size classification of tephra, which is material that falls out of the air during a volcanic eruption or during some meteorite impacts. Lapilli is Latin for "little stones". It consists of fresh pumice or scoria, volcanic glass such as Pele’s hair, lithic fragments of rock or crystal or as ash aggregates such as accretionary lapilli, cored accretionary lapilli, ash pellets or ash coated clasts.

By definition lapilli range from 2 to 64 mm (0.08 to 2.52 in) in diameter. A pyroclastic particle greater than 64 mm in diameter is known as a volcanic bomb when molten, or a volcanic block when solid.  Pyroclastic material with particles less than 2 mm in diameter is referred to as volcanic ash.

Eruption column
An eruption column or eruption plume is a cloud of super-heated ash and tephra suspended in gases emitted during an explosive volcanic eruption. The volcanic materials form a vertical column or plume that may rise many kilometers into the air above the vent of the volcano. In the most explosive eruptions, the eruption column may rise over 40 km (25 mi), penetrating the stratosphere. Injection of aerosols into the stratosphere by volcanoes is a major cause of short-term climate change.

A common occurrence in explosive eruptions is column collapse when the eruption column is or becomes too dense to be lifted high into the sky by air convection, and instead falls down the slopes of the volcano to form pyroclastic flows or surges (although the latter is less dense). On some occasions, if the material is not dense enough to fall, it may create pyrocumulonimbus clouds.
First Epistle of Peter
The First Epistle of Peter is a book of the New Testament. The author presents himself as Peter the Apostle. The ending of the letter includes a statement that implies that it was written from "Babylon", which may be a reference to Rome. The letter is addressed to the "chosen pilgrims of the diaspora" in Asia Minor suffering religious persecution.

Although both the text and tradition identifies Peter as its author, most scholars conclude that the epistle is an expression of the Christian tradition at Rome associated with Peter rather than the apostle himself. Scholars debate whether its persecution refers to social discrimination or official Roman oppression. The letter also discusses the “Harrowing of Hell” and instructions for wives to submit to their husbands, alongside exhortations for husbands to treat their wives with respect.

First Epistle to Timothy
The First Epistle to Timothy is one of three letters in the New Testament of the Bible often grouped together as the pastoral epistles, along with Second Timothy and Titus. The letter, traditionally attributed to the Apostle Paul, consists mainly of counsels to his younger colleague and delegate Timothy regarding his ministry in Ephesus (1:3). These counsels include instructions on the organization of the Church and the responsibilities resting on certain groups of leaders therein as well as exhortations to faithfulness in maintaining the truth amid surrounding errors.

Most modern scholars consider the pastoral epistles to have been written after Paul's death, although "a small and declining number of scholars still argue for Pauline authorship".
Principality of Albania
The Principality of Albania (Albanian: Principata e Shqipërisë) was a monarchy from 1914 to 1925. It was headed by Wilhelm, Prince of Albania, and located in modern Albania in the Balkan region of Europe. The Ottoman Empire owned the land until the First Balkan War (1912—1913), which ended in the Treaty of London that formed the principality. The Principality of Albania survived invasions during World War I (1914–1918) and subsequent disputes over Albanian independence during the Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920). In 1925, the monarchy was abolished and the Albanian Republic (1925–1928), a parliamentary republic and dictatorship, was declared.

Italian destroyer Animoso (1913)
Animoso was the second and final Audace-class destroyer of the Italian Regia Marina ("Royal Navy"). Commissioned in 1914, she played an active role in the Adriatic campaign of World War I. Badly damaged by an accidental explosion in 1921, she was stricken in 1923.
2014–15 Lebanese Premier League
The 2014–15 Lebanese Premier League was the 54th season of top-tier football in Lebanon. A total of twelve teams are competing in the league, with Al Nejmeh the defending champions. The season kicked off on 26 September 2014 and will finish around June 2015.

Al Ahed won the league, while Tadamon Sour and Al-Akhaa Al-Ahli Aley were relegated to the second tier.

2018–19 Lebanese Premier League
The 2018–19 Lebanese Premier League season began on 21 September 2018 and concluded on 21 April 2019. 2018–19 was the 58th season of the Lebanese Premier League, the top Lebanese professional league for association football clubs in the country, established in 1934.

Ahed were the defending champions. Shabab Sahel and Chabab Ghazieh joined as the promoted clubs from the 2017–18 Lebanese Second Division. They replaced Shabab Arabi and Islah who were relegated to the 2018–19 Lebanese Second Division. Ahed won their third consecutive Lebanese Premier League title, and seventh overall, with two games to spare.
Northern lapwing
The northern lapwing (Vanellus vanellus), also known as the peewit or pewit, tuit or tewit, green plover, or (in Ireland and Great Britain) pyewipe or just lapwing, is a bird in the lapwing subfamily. It is common through temperate Eurosiberia.

Common reed warbler
The common reed warbler or Eurasian reed-warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) is an Old World warbler in the genus Acrocephalus. It breeds across Europe into the temperate western Palaearctic where it is migratory, wintering in sub-Saharan Africa. It is also a resident species over large parts of Africa.
Benjamin West
Benjamin West PRA (October 10, 1738 – March 11, 1820) was an American-born painter who specialised in history painting, creating such works as The Death of Nelson, The Death of General Wolfe, the Treaty of Paris, and Benjamin Franklin Drawing Electricity from the Sky.

Entirely self-taught, West soon gained valuable patronage and toured Europe, eventually settling in London. He impressed King George III and was largely responsible for the launch of the Royal Academy, of which he became the second president (after Sir Joshua Reynolds). He was appointed historical painter to the court and Surveyor of the King's Pictures.

West also painted religious subjects, as in his huge work The Preservation of St Paul after a Shipwreck at Malta, at the Chapel of St Peter and St Paul at the Old Royal Naval College in Greenwich, and Christ Healing the Sick, presented to the National Gallery.

George Romney (painter)
George Romney (26 December [O.S. 15 December] 1734 – 15 November 1802) was an English painter. He was the most fashionable artist of his day, painting many leading society figures – including his artistic muse, Emma Hamilton, mistress of Lord Nelson.
Global Positioning System
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based hyperbolic navigation system owned by the United States Space Force and operated by Mission Delta 31. It is one of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) that provide geolocation and time information to a GPS receiver anywhere on or near the Earth where signal quality permits. It does not require the user to transmit any data, and operates independently of any telephone or Internet reception, though these technologies can enhance the usefulness of the GPS positioning information. It provides critical positioning capabilities to military, civil, and commercial users around the world. Although the United States government created, controls, and maintains the GPS system, it is freely accessible to anyone with a GPS receiver.

Head-up display
A head-up display or heads-up display, also known as a HUD (/hʌd/) or head-up guidance system (HGS), is any transparent display that presents data without requiring users to look away from their usual viewpoints. The origin of the name stems from a pilot being able to view information with the head positioned "up" and looking forward, instead of angled down looking at lower instruments. A HUD also has the advantage that the pilot's eyes do not need to refocus to view the outside after looking at the optically nearer instruments.

Although they were initially developed for military aviation, HUDs are now used in commercial aircraft, automobiles, and other (mostly professional) applications.

Head-up displays were a precursor technology to augmented reality (AR), incorporating a subset of the features needed for the full AR experience, but lacking the necessary registration and tracking between the virtual content and the user's real-world environment.
2025–26 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating
The 2025–26 Grand Prix of Figure Skating is a series of senior international competitions organized by the International Skating Union that were held from October 2025 to December 2025. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Skaters earned points based on their placements at each event and the top six in each discipline qualified to compete at the Grand Prix Final in Nagoya, Japan. The corresponding series for junior-level skaters was the 2025–26 ISU Junior Grand Prix.

2025 CS Nepela Memorial
The 2025 Nepela Memorial was a figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU), organized and hosted by the Slovak Figure Skating Federation, and the sixth event of the 2025–26 ISU Challenger Series. It was held at the Ondrej Nepela Arena in Bratislava, Slovakia, from 26 to 27 September 2025. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, and ice dance, and skaters earned ISU World Standing points based on their results. Kévin Aymoz of France won the men's event, Lara Naki Gutmann of Italy won the women's event, and Olivia Smart and Tim Dieck of Spain won the ice dance event.
Mongols
Mongols are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia and China (Inner Mongolia and other 11 autonomous territories), as well as the republics of Buryatia and Kalmykia in Russia. The Mongols are the principal member of the large family of Mongolic peoples. The Oirats and the Buryats are classified either as distinct ethno-linguistic groups or as subgroups of Mongols.

The Mongols are bound together by a common heritage and ethnic identity, descending from the Proto-Mongols. Their indigenous dialects are collectively known as the Mongolian language. The contiguous geographical area in which the Mongols primarily live is referred to as the Mongol heartland, especially in discussions of the Mongols' history under the Mongol Empire.

Khoshut
The Khoshut (Mongolian: Хошууд,ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠳ, qoşūd, Chinese: 和碩特; literally "bannermen," from Middle Mongolian qosighu "flag, banner") are one of the four major tribes of the Oirat people. They established the Khoshut Khanate in the area of Qinghai in 1642–1717.
Benner Township, Pennsylvania
Benner Township is a township in Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the State College, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located approximately at  along Buffalo Run Road (Pennsylvania Route 550), near Bellefonte.

The population was 8,964 at the 2020 census, which is an 44.9% increase over the 6.188 recorded in 2010.

College Township, Pennsylvania
College Township is a township in Centre County, Pennsylvania. It is part of the State College, Pennsylvania metropolitan statistical area. The population was 10,762 at the 2020 census, which was a 13% increase from the 2010 census. College Township was formed on November 25, 1875, from Harris Township. A notable feature of the township is Mount Nittany, the southwestern (and iconic) portion of which is located within the township's northeastern section near the village of Lemont.
Progressive metal
Progressive metal (often shortened to prog metal) is a broad fusion music genre melding heavy metal and progressive rock, combining the loud aggression and amplified distorted guitar-driven sound of the former with the more experimental, cerebral or quasi-classical compositions of the latter.

The music typically showcases the extreme technical proficiency of the performers and usually uses unorthodox harmonies as well as complex rhythms with frequent meter changes and intense syncopation. The polyrhythmic aspects are especially emphasized in the djent subgenre.

Although the genre emerged towards the late-1980s, it was not until the 1990s that progressive metal achieved widespread success. Dream Theater, Watchtower, Queensrÿche, Tool, Symphony X, Shadow Gallery, King's X, Fates Warning, and Mastodon are a few examples of progressive metal bands who achieved commercial success.

Angra (band)
Angra is a Brazilian power metal band formed in 1991. They have released ten regular studio albums, six EPs, and seven live CD/DVDs to date. Led by Rafael Bittencourt, the band has gained a degree of popularity in Japan and Europe.

On 2 April 2015, guitarist Kiko Loureiro left Angra to join American thrash metal band Megadeth.
Steven Runciman
Sir James Cochran Stevenson Runciman CH FBA (7 July 1903 – 1 November 2000), known as Steven Runciman, was an English historian best known for his three-volume A History of the Crusades (1951–54). His works had a profound impact on the popular conception of the Crusades within the Western world, although Runciman considered himself "not a historian, but a writer of literature," and British historian Christopher Tyerman considers Runciman's History to be the "last chronicle of the crusades." Runciman summarized the Crusades as "nothing more than a long act of intolerance in the name of God, which is a sin against the Holy Ghost."

OCLC
OCLC, Inc. is a US-based nonprofit cooperative organization "that provides shared technology services, original research, and community programs for its membership and the library community at large". It was founded in 1967 as the Ohio College Library Center, then became the Online Computer Library Center as it expanded. In 2017, the name was formally changed to OCLC, Inc. OCLC and thousands of its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain WorldCat, the largest online public access catalog in the world. OCLC is funded mainly by the fees that libraries pay (around $217.8 million annually in total as of 2021) for the many different services it offers. OCLC also maintains the Dewey Decimal Classification system.
2016–17 Serie A
The 2016–17 Serie A (known as the Serie A TIM for sponsorship reasons) was the 115th season of top-tier Italian football, the 85th in a round-robin tournament, and the 7th since its organization under a league committee separate from Serie B. Juventus were the defending champions. The season ran from 20 August 2016 to 28 May 2017.

On 21 May, Juventus won a record sixth consecutive title and 33rd title overall with a game in hand following their 3–0 win over Crotone.

2019–20 Serie A
The 2019–20 Serie A (known as the Serie A TIM for sponsorship reasons) was the 118th season of top-tier Italian football, the 88th in a round-robin tournament, and the 10th since its organization under an own league committee, the Lega Serie A. Juventus, the eight-time defending champions, secured their ninth consecutive Serie A title with a 2–1 victory over Sampdoria on 16 Jun 2020.

The season was originally scheduled to run from 24 August 2019 to 24 May 2020. On 9 March 2020, the government suspended all sports in the country until 3 April 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. The Serie A did not resume on this date however, as the league continued to monitor health conditions. On 18 May, the Italian Football Federation announced that the suspension would continue until 14 June. Ten days later, on 28 May, Italy's sports minister said Serie A would restart on 20 June 2020.
Wing
A wing is a structure which produces both lift and drag while moving through air. Wings are defined by two shape characteristics, an airfoil section and a planform. Wing efficiency is expressed as lift-to-drag ratio, which compares the benefit of lift with the air resistance of a given wing shape, as it flies. Aerodynamics includes the study of wing performance in air.

Equivalent foils that move through water are found on hydrofoil power vessels and foiling sailboats that lift out of the water at speed and on submarines that use diving planes to point the boat upwards or downwards, while running submerged. The study of foil performance in water is a subfield of Hydrodynamics.

Leading edge
The leading edge is the part of the wing that first contacts the air; alternatively it is the foremost edge of an airfoil section. The first is an aerodynamic definition, the second a structural one.

As an example of the distinction, during a tailslide, from an aerodynamic point of view, the trailing edge becomes the leading edge and vice versa but from a structural point of view the leading edge remains unchanged.
Amjad Khan (actor)
Amjad Khan (12 November 1940 – 27 July 1992) was a renowned Indian actor and film director. He worked in over 132 films in a career spanning nearly twenty years. He was the son of the actor Jayant. He gained popularity for villainous roles in mostly Hindi films, the most famous among his enacted roles being Gabbar Singh in the 1975 film Sholay and of Dilawar in Muqaddar Ka Sikandar (1978).

Laxmikant–Pyarelal
Laxmikant–Pyarelal (also known as L-P) were an Indian composer duo, consisting of Laxmikant Shantaram Kudalkar (1937–1998) and Pyarelal Ramprasad Sharma (born 1940). In their career span, stretching from 1963 to 1998, they composed music for about 750 movies, working with several prominent film-makers.
Apogonidae
Cardinalfishes are a family, Apogonidae, of ray-finned fishes found in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans; they are chiefly marine, but some species are found in brackish water and a few (notably Glossamia) are found in fresh water. A handful of species are kept in aquariums and are popular as small, peaceful, and colourful fish. The family includes about 370 species.

They are generally small fish, with most species being less than 10 cm (4 in), and are often brightly coloured. They are distinguished by their large mouths, and the division of the dorsal fin into two separate fins. Most species live in tropical or subtropical waters, where they inhabit coral reefs and lagoons.

They are nocturnal, spending the day in dark crevices within the reef. At least some species brood their eggs inside the mouths of the males. Males do not feed during this incubation period. Males incubate the eggs in their mouth due to having longer heads and a larger jaw, which females do not acquire.

Percomorpha
Percomorpha (from Latin  perca 'perch' and Ancient Greek  μορφή (morphḗ) 'shape, appearance') is an extremely large and diverse clade of ray-finned fish. With more than 17,000 known species (including tuna, seahorses, gobies, cichlids, flatfish, wrasse, perches, anglerfish, and pufferfish) known from both marine and freshwater ecosystems, it is the most speciose clade of extant vertebrates.