hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marzabotto massacre
The Marzabotto massacre (Italian: strage di Marzabotto, lit. 'Marzabotto slaughter'), or more correctly, the massacre of Monte Sole, was a World War II war crime consisting of the mass murder of 1,830 civilians by Waffen-SS, which took place in the territory around the small village of Marzabotto, in the mountainous area south of Bologna. It was the largest massacre of civilians committed by the Waffen-SS in western Europe during the war. It is also the deadliest mass shooting in the history of Italy.

Sant'Anna di Stazzema massacre
The Sant'Anna di Stazzema massacre was a German war crime, which was committed in the hill village of Sant'Anna di Stazzema in Tuscany, Italy, in the course of an operation against the Italian resistance movement during the Italian Campaign of World War II. On 12 August 1944, the Waffen-SS, with the help of the Italian paramilitary Black Brigades, murdered about 560 local villagers and refugees, including more than a hundred children, and burned their bodies. These crimes have been defined as voluntary and organized acts of terrorism by the Military Tribunal of La Spezia and the highest Italian court of appeal.
BPIFA1
BPI fold containing family A, member 1 (BPIFA1), also known as Palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone (PLUNC), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BPIFA1 gene. It was also formerly known as "Secretory protein in upper respiratory tracts" (SPURT). The BPIFA1 gene sequence predicts 4 transcripts (splice variants); 3 mRNA variants have been well characterized. The resulting BPIFA1 is a secreted protein, expressed at very high levels in mucosa of the airways (olfactory and respiratory and epithelium) and salivary glands; at high levels in oropharyneal epithelium, including tongue and tonsils; and at moderate levels many other tissue types and glands including pituitary, testis, lung, bladder, blood, prostate, pancreas, levels in the digestive tract (tongue, stomach, intestinal epithelium) and pancreas. The protein can be detected on the apical side of epithelial cells and in airway surface liquid, nasal mucus, and sputum.

BPIFB1
BPI fold-containing family B member 1 (BPIFB1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BPIFB1 gene. BPIFB1 is a secreted protein, expressed at very high levels in mucosa of the airways (respiratory and olfactory epithelium) and salivary glands, and at moderate levels in the digestive tract (tongue, stomach, intestinal epithelium) and pancreas.
Gavin Hastings
Andrew Gavin Hastings, OBE (born 3 January 1962) is a Scottish former rugby union player.  A fullback, he is widely regarded to be one of the best ever Scottish rugby players and was one of the outstanding players of his generation, winning 61 caps for Scotland, 20 of which as captain. He played for Watsonians, London Scottish, Cambridge University, Scotland and the British Lions. He twice toured with the Lions, to Australia in 1989 and as captain on the 1993 tour to New Zealand.

Scott Hastings (rugby union)
Scott Hastings (born 4 December 1964) is a Scottish sports commentator and former Scotland international rugby union player. At the point of his retirement he was Scotland's most-capped player ever, but this record has now been beaten. He played for Edinburgh District and when that provincial side turned professional he played for Edinburgh Rugby. At amateur level he played for Watsonians.
Keisuke Honda
Keisuke Honda (本田 圭佑, Honda Kēsuke; born 13 June 1986) is a Japanese professional football manager and former player who played as a midfielder.

A versatile player, Honda usually played as an attacking midfielder, but could also play as a winger, a false nine or as a deep-lying playmaker, and frequently featured as a right winger for Milan during the 2014–15 season. A quick and creative player, he was also known for his accuracy from bending free-kicks, powerful striking ability from distance, dribbling skills and delivery as a set-piece specialist.

Honda earned over 90 international caps between 2008 and 2018, playing at the 2010, 2014 and 2018 World Cups. He was also part of the squad which won the 2011 Asian Cup, where he was also voted Player of the Tournament.

Shinji Okazaki
Shinji Okazaki (岡崎 慎司, Okazaki Shinji; born 16 April 1986) is a Japanese former professional footballer who played as a forward. He is best known for winning the Premier League with Leicester City in 2016. He is currently the manager of FC Basara Mainz.

Internationally, he is Japan's third all-time top goalscorer with 50 goals.
Duchy of Carinthia
The Duchy of Carinthia (Latin: Ducatus Carinthiae; German: Herzogtum Kärnten; Slovene: Vojvodina Koroška) was a duchy located in southern Austria and parts of northern Slovenia. It was separated from the Duchy of Bavaria in 976, and was the first newly created Imperial State after the original German stem duchies.

Carinthia remained a State of the Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806, though from 1335 it was ruled within the Austrian dominions of the Habsburg dynasty. A constituent part of the Habsburg monarchy and of the Austrian Empire, it remained a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary until 1918. By the 1920 Carinthian plebiscite in October 1920, the main area of the duchy formed the Austrian state of Carinthia.

Duchy of Styria
The Duchy of Styria (German: Herzogtum Steiermark; Slovene: Vojvodina Štajerska; Latin: Ducatus Styriae) was a duchy located in modern-day southern Austria and northern Slovenia. It was a part of the Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806 and a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary until its dissolution in 1918.
Wilhelm von Kaulbach
Wilhelm von Kaulbach (15 October 1805 – 7 April 1874) was a German painter, noted mainly as a muralist, but also as a book illustrator.  His murals decorate buildings in Munich. He is associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting.

Peter von Cornelius
Peter von Cornelius (23 September 1783, Düsseldorf – 6 March 1867, Berlin) was a German painter and one of the main representatives of the Nazarene movement. He was the uncle of the composer Peter Cornelius (1824–1874).
Gauliga Südwest/Mainhessen
The Gauliga Südwest/Mainhessen was the highest football league in the German state of Hesse, the Bavarian province of Palatinate, the Saarland and some parts of the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau from 1933 to 1941. From 1941, it also included parts of the occupied French region of Lorraine. Additionally, the league was from then on divided in the Gauligas Hessen-Nassau and Westmark.

Shortly after the formation of the league, the Nazis reorganised the administrative regions in Germany, and the Gaue Hesse Nassau and Saar-Palatinate (later: Westmark) replaced the old states and provinces.

Bezirksliga Main-Hessen
The Bezirksliga Main-Hessen was the highest association football league in the German state of Hesse and the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau from 1927 to 1933. The league was disbanded with the rise of the Nazis to power in 1933.
HMS Implacable (1805)
HMS Implacable was a third-rate, 74-gun ship of the line of the Royal Navy. She was originally the French Navy's Téméraire-class ship of the line Duguay-Trouin, launched in 1800.

She survived the Battle of Trafalgar only for the British to capture her at the subsequent Battle of Cape Ortegal. In British service she participated in the capture of the Imperial Russian Navy 74-gun ship of the line Vsevolod (Russian: Всеволод) in the Baltic in 1808 during the Anglo-Russian War. Later, Implacable became a training ship. Eventually, she became the second oldest ship in the Royal Navy after HMS Victory, Lord Nelson's flagship at Trafalgar. When the Royal Navy finally scuttled Implacable in 1949, she flew both the French and British flags side-by-side as she sank.

French ship Duquesne (1788)
Duquesne was a 74-gun Téméraire-class ship of the line built for the French Navy during the 1780s. Completed in 1789, she played a minor role in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. She was captured by the British in 1803, and broken up in 1805.
Verticordia attenuata
Verticordia attenuata is a flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a shrub with a single main stem, small leaves and pink to purple flowers which fade to white as they age. It usually grows in sand in areas that are wet in winter, often amongst grasses and is found in coastal areas near Bunbury.

Verticordia paludosa
Verticordia paludosa is a flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an openly branched shrub with small leaves and pink to magenta flowers with spreading, feathery sepals and erect, fringed petals in summer and autumn.
Emperor Sakuramachi
Teruhito (Japanese: 昭仁; 8 February 1720 – 28 May 1750), posthumously honored as Emperor Sakuramachi (桜町天皇, Sakuramachi-tennō) was the 115th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. He was enthroned as Emperor in 1735, a reign that would last until 1747 with his abdication. As with previous Emperors during the Edo period, the Tokugawa shogunate had control over Japan.

The Emperor's role was a religious figure who performed limited duties. This changed when Sakuramachi was granted permission from the Shōgun to restore some Imperial rites. Ceremonies such as the Harvest Festival that had previously been absent for over 250 years were now allowed. Sakuramachi had one wife and a concubine with whom he fathered 4 children. His first son would go on to become Emperor Momozono, while his second daughter would later be Empress Go-Sakuramachi. Sakuramachi died on 28 May 1750, which was almost three years after his abdication.

Emperor Reigen
Satohito (Japanese: 識仁), posthumously honored as Emperor Reigen (霊元天皇, Reigen-tennō; 9 July 1654 – 24 September 1732) was the 112th emperor of Japan,  according to the traditional order of succession. Reigen's reign spanned the years from 1663 through 1687.
Lesja Municipality
Lesja is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Gudbrandsdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Lesja. Other villages in the municipality include Bjorli, Lesjaskog, Lesjaverk, and Lora.

The 2,259.49-square-kilometre (872.39 sq mi) municipality is the 25th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Lesja Municipality is the 281st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,006. The municipality's population density is 0.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (2.3/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 4.5% over the previous 10-year period.

Vågå Municipality
Vågå (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈvôːɡoː]) is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Gudbrandsdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Vågåmo. Other village areas in the municipality include Bessheim, Besstrond, Lalm, Maurvangen, and Tessand.

The 1,330-square-kilometre (510 sq mi) municipality is the 73rd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Vågå Municipality is the 217th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 3,529. The municipality's population density is 2.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (7.0/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 4.2% over the previous 10-year period.
Louis Rosier
Louis Claude Rosier (French pronunciation: [lwi ʁozje]; 5 November 1905 – 29 October 1956) was a French racing driver and motorsport executive, who competed in Formula One from 1950 to 1956. In endurance racing, Rosier won the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1950 in a privateer Talbot-Lago T26C-GS.

Rosier competed in Formula One under his own Écurie Rosier banner, making privateer entries in machinery from Talbot-Lago, Ferrari, and Maserati; he also competed for the works teams of Talbot and Maserati, the former of which he scored back-to-back podium finishes with at the Swiss and Belgian Grands Prix in 1950.

Rosier competed in nine editions of the 24 Hours of Le Mans between 1938 and 1956, winning in 1950 alongside his son Jean-Louis Rosier, which remains the only father-and-son victory in Le Mans history. In October 1956, Rosier died as a result of injuries sustained whilst sportscar racing in a Ferrari 750 Monza at Montlhéry.

Luigi Villoresi
Luigi "Gigi" Villoresi (16 May 1909 – 24 August 1997) was an Italian racing driver, who competed in Formula One from 1950 to 1956.

Villoresi contested 34 Formula One Grands Prix across seven seasons for Italian teams Ferrari, Maserati, Lancia, and Centro Sud. He achieved eight podiums and one fastest lap, finishing fifth in the 1951 and 1953 World Drivers' Championships with Ferrari.
Welsh Marches line
The Welsh Marches line (Welsh: Llinell y Mers), known historically as the North and West Route, is a railway line running from Newport in south-east Wales to Shrewsbury in the West Midlands region of England. It follows a route by way of Abergavenny, Hereford and Craven Arms and thence, by some definitions, to Crewe via Whitchurch. The line thus links the south of Wales to north-west England, via the Welsh Marches region, bypassing Birmingham. Via the Shrewsbury to Chester line, the line also links the South of Wales to the North of Wales.

Heart of Wales line
The Heart of Wales line (Welsh: Llinell Calon Cymru) is a railway line running from Craven Arms in Shropshire to Llanelli in southwest Wales. It serves a number of rural centres, including the nineteenth-century spa towns Llandrindod Wells, Llangammarch Wells and Llanwrtyd Wells. At Builth Road, two miles (3.3 km) from the town of Builth Wells, the line crosses the former route of the earlier Mid Wales Railway, which closed in 1962.
BBC Radio York
BBC Radio York is the BBC's local radio station serving the county of North Yorkshire.

It broadcasts on FM, DAB, digital TV and via BBC Sounds from studios in the Bootham area of York.

According to RAJAR, the station has a weekly audience of 60,000 listeners and a 4.6% share as of December 2023.

BBC Radio Tees
BBC Radio Tees, formerly known as BBC Radio Teesside, BBC Radio Cleveland and then BBC Tees, is a BBC local radio station broadcasting from Broadcasting House, Newport Road, Middlesbrough. It broadcasts to parts of County Durham and North Yorkshire on FM, DAB, and digital TV, and nationally via BBC Sounds. Towns in the station's FM broadcast area include Darlington, Hartlepool, Middlesbrough, Stockton-on-Tees, and Whitby. According to RAJAR, the station has a weekly audience of 100,000 listeners and a 4.4% audience share as of December 2023.
Peter Brock
Peter Geoffrey Brock AM (26 February 1945 – 8 September 2006), known as "Peter Perfect", "The King of the Mountain", or simply "Brocky", was an Australian motor racing driver. Brock was most often associated with Holden for almost 40 years, although he raced vehicles of other manufacturers including BMW, Ford, Volvo, Porsche and Peugeot. He won the Bathurst 1000 endurance race nine times, the Sandown 500 touring car race nine times, the Australian Touring Car Championship three times, the Bathurst 24 Hour once and was inducted into the V8 Supercars Hall of Fame in 2001. Brock's business activities included the Holden Dealer Team (HDT) that produced Brock's racing machines as well as a number of modified high-performance road versions of his racing cars.

Allan Grice
Allan Maxwell Grice  (born 21 October 1942), known to motor-racing fans as "Gricey", is an Australian former racing driver and politician, most famous for twice winning the prestigious Bathurst 1000 (1986 and 1990), and as a privateer driver of a Holden in the Australian Touring Car Championship.

Grice was educated at The Armidale School in northern NSW.

Grice also had a successful second career as a politician and Member for Broadwater in the Queensland Parliament from 1992 to 2001. He currently operates an LPG conversion and importing business – LPGricey Tanks.
Massachusetts Senate's 2nd Essex district
Massachusetts Senate's 2nd Essex district in the United States is one of 40 legislative districts of the Massachusetts Senate. It covers portions of Essex county. Democrat Joan Lovely of Salem has represented the district since 2013.

Massachusetts Senate's 1st Essex and Middlesex district
Massachusetts Senate's 1st Essex and Middlesex district in the United States is one of 40 legislative districts of the Massachusetts Senate. It covers 17.8% of Essex County and 2.5% of Middlesex County population. Republican Bruce Tarr of Gloucester has represented the district since 1995.
Massachusetts House of Representatives' 10th Essex district
Massachusetts House of Representatives' 10th Essex district is one of 160 districts included in the lower house of the Massachusetts General Court. It covers part of the city of Lynn in Essex County. Democrat Dan Cahill of Lynn has represented the district since 2016.

The current district geographic boundary overlaps with that of the Massachusetts Senate's 3rd Essex district.

Massachusetts House of Representatives' 14th Essex district
Massachusetts House of Representatives' 14th Essex district is one of 160 districts included in the lower house of the Massachusetts General Court. It covers part of Essex County. Democrat Adrianne Ramos has represented the district since 2023.
Richmond County, Georgia
Richmond County is located in the state of Georgia in the U.S. As of the 2020 census, the population was 206,607. It is one of the original counties of Georgia, created on February 5, 1777. Following an election in 1995, Augusta (the county seat) consolidated governments with Richmond County. The consolidated entity is known as Augusta-Richmond County, or simply Augusta. Exempt are the cities of Hephzibah and Blythe, in southern Richmond County, which voted to remain separate. Richmond County is included in the Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC metropolitan statistical area.

Columbia County, Georgia
Columbia County is a county located in the east central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 156,010. The legal county seat is Appling, but the de facto seat of county government is Evans.

Columbia County is included in the Augusta metropolitan area. It is located along the Savannah River.
Liu Biao
Liu Biao (Chinese: 劉表; pinyin: Liú Biǎo) (pronunciationⓘ) (c.151 – c. September 208), courtesy name Jingsheng, was a Chinese military general, politician, and warlord who lived in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He is best known for serving as the governor of Jing Province (covering present-day Hubei and Hunan) from 192 until his death in 208. He was also a member of the extended family of the Han emperors through his ancestor Liu Yu, the fifth son of Emperor Jing. Liu Biao was described as a handsome man and was over eight chi tall (1.86 metres).

Yuan Shu
Yuan Shu (pronunciationⓘ) (155 – 199), courtesy name Gonglu, was a Chinese military general, politician, and warlord who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty. He rose to prominence following the collapse of the Han central government in 189. He declared himself Emperor of China in 197 under the short-lived Zhong dynasty, two years before his death in 199.
Soft-shell clam
Soft-shell clams (American English) or Sand gaper (British English/Europe), scientific name Mya arenaria, popularly called "steamers", "softshells", "piss clams", "Ipswich clams", or "Essex clams", are a species of edible saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusk in the family Myidae.

Hard clam
The hard clam (Mercenaria mercenaria), also known as the round clam, hard-shell (or hard-shelled) clam, or the quahog, is an edible marine bivalve mollusk that is native to the eastern shores of North America and Central America from Prince Edward Island to the Yucatán Peninsula. It is one of many unrelated edible bivalves that in the United States are frequently referred to simply as clams. Older literature sources may use the systematic name Venus mercenaria; this species is in the family Veneridae, the venus clams.

Confusingly, the "ocean quahog" is a different species, Arctica islandica, which, although superficially similar in shape, is in a different family of bivalves: it is rounder than the hard clam, usually has a black periostracum, and there is no pallial sinus in the interior of the shell.
Scott Speed
Scott Andrew Speed (born January 24, 1983) is an American race car driver who has competed in numerous disciplines, including open-wheel, stock car, and rallycross racing.

In 2006, Speed became the first American driver to race in Formula One since Michael Andretti in 1993, when he made his début at the 2006 Bahrain Grand Prix for Scuderia Toro Rosso. He contested 28 races before he was replaced midway through the 2007 season by Sebastian Vettel. Speed later turned his career towards stock car racing, specifically NASCAR where he drove for Team Red Bull, Whitney Motorsports and Leavine Family Racing in the Sprint Cup Series. Subsequently, he moved into Global Rallycross with Andretti Autosport, winning the title in 2015, 2016 and 2017. He won the 2018 Americas Rallycross Championship with Andretti before racing in 2019 with Subaru Rally Team USA.

Reed Sorenson
Bradley Reed Sorenson (born February 5, 1986) is an American former professional stock car racing driver and spotter. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 27 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 1LE for Premium Motorsports, the Nos. 74/77 Camaro for Spire Motorsports, and the No. 7 Camaro for Tommy Baldwin Racing. As of 2024, he works as a spotter for Kaulig Racing's No. 11 of Josh Williams in the NASCAR Xfinity Series. Sorenson began competing in NASCAR in 2004 as a Busch Series driver; he has four wins in the series. His first Cup start came in 2005 before moving to a full schedule the following year.
Katherine Jenkins
Katherine Jenkins OBE (born 29 June 1980) is a Welsh singer. She is a mezzo-soprano who performs operatic arias, popular songs, musical theatre and hymns.
kathe
After winning singing competitions in her youth, Jenkins studied at the Royal Academy of Music, modelled, and taught voice lessons. She came to wide public attention in 2003 when she sang at Westminster Cathedral in honour of Pope John Paul II's silver jubilee. Since 2004, she has released numerous albums that have performed well on British and foreign charts. In both 2005 and 2006, her albums received Classic Brit Awards as Album of the Year. She has been seen widely in concert and has performed for British Armed Forces in Iraq and Afghanistan. She has sung at sporting events and in support of many charities.

Alfie Boe
Alfred Giovanni Roncalli Boe (born 29 September 1973) is an English actor and singer who performs primarily in musical theatre.

Boe is best known for his performances as Jean Valjean in the musical Les Misérables at the Queen's Theatre in London, the 25th Anniversary Concert, the 2014 Broadway revival, the All-Star Staged Concert, and the Arena Spectacular World Tour. He played the lead role in Finding Neverland on Broadway beginning 29 March 2016. Boe shared a Tony Award with the other members of the ensemble cast of Baz Luhrmann's 2002 revival of La bohème in 2003. He has sold more than one million albums in the United Kingdom.

One of his most recent performances include Together in Vegas (with Michael Ball). In October 2022 he announced that he would be doing a solo tour in 2023.