hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mass (liturgy)
Mass is the main Eucharistic liturgical service in many forms of Western Christianity. The term Mass is commonly used in the Catholic Church, Lutheran Churches, Western Rite Orthodoxy, Old Catholicism, and Independent Catholicism. The term is also used in some Anglican churches, and on rare occasion by other Protestant churches.

In Lutheranism, the term Mass is used for the Eucharistic liturgy, especially in the Nordic countries, though in North America, the term  Divine Service is used in common parlance. For the celebration of the Eucharist in Eastern Christianity, including Eastern Catholic Churches and Eastern Lutheran Churches, other terms such as Divine Liturgy, Holy Qurbana, Holy Qurobo and Badarak (or Patarag) are typically used instead. Other Christian denominations may employ terms such as or worship service (and often just "service"), rather than the word Mass.

Holy day of obligation
In the Catholic Church, holy days of obligation or days of precept are days on which Catholic Christians are expected to attend Mass, and engage in rest from work and recreation (i.e., they are to refrain from engaging in work or activities that hinder the worship owed to God), according to the third commandment.

The expectation is attached to the holy day, even if transferred to another date, as sometimes happens in the Roman Rite. However, in some countries a dispensation is granted in such circumstances.
Georgia State Route 96
State Route 96 (SR 96) is a 94.9-mile-long (152.7 km) state highway that travels west-to-east through portions of Talbot, Taylor, Crawford, Peach, Houston, Twiggs, and Wilkinson counties in the west-central and central parts of the U.S. state of Georgia. The highway travels from its western terminus at US 80/SR 22/SR 41/SR 540 in Geneva to its eastern terminus at US 441/SR 29 south-southeast of Irwinton.

The portion from Geneva to a point west of Fort Valley is part of the Fall Line Freeway, a long-distance route for commercial vehicles that travels from Columbus to Augusta. This segment may also be included as part of the proposed eastern extension of Interstate 14 (I-14), an Interstate Highway that is currently entirely in Central Texas and may eventually end in Augusta.

Georgia State Route 137
State Route 137 (SR 137) is a 55.5-mile-long (89.3 km) southwest-to-northeast state highway in the west-central part of the U.S. state of Georgia. The highway travels from an SR 355 in an unincorporated part of Marion County to the west of Buena Vista to Butler. It begins near the southeastern portion of Fort Benning. Its routing exists within portions Marion and Taylor counties.
Academic tenure
Tenure is a type of academic appointment that offers its holder a semi-permanent position at an institution, protecting them from being fired or laid off for their personal beliefs and practices. Academic tenure originated in the United States in the early 20th century, and several other countries have since adopted it. Tenure is a means of defending the principle of academic freedom, though tenured staff can still be fired under just cause laws or under extraordinary circumstances such as financial exigency or program discontinuation.

Adjunct professor
An adjunct professor is a type of academic appointment in higher education who does not work at the establishment full-time. The terms of this appointment and the job security of the tenure vary in different parts of the world, but the term is generally agreed to mean a bona-fide part-time faculty member in an adjunct position at an institution of higher education.
Fred Winchester Sladen
Fred Winchester Sladen (November 24, 1867 – July 10, 1945) was a career United States Army officer who rose to the rank of major general and became Superintendent of the United States Military Academy. He was a son of English-born Joseph A. Sladen (1841-1911) and Martha F. Winchester. The elder Sladen met with Cochise in the company of General Oliver Otis Howard, and was awarded the Medal of Honor for his service in the American Civil War.

Colden Ruggles
Colden L'Hommedieu Ruggles (March 18, 1869 – April 2, 1933) was a career officer in the United States Army. A prominent member of the Ordnance Corps, he attained the rank of brigadier general, and was notable for planning and overseeing construction of Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. In addition, he was noteworthy for his service as acting Chief of Ordnance in 1930.
Felix Loch
Felix Loch (German pronunciation: [ˈfeːlɪks ˈlɔx]; born 24 July 1989) is a German luger and Olympic champion. He has been competing since 1995 and on the German national team since 2006. He has won fourteen medals at the FIL World Luge Championships, including twelve golds (Men's singles: 2008, 2009, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016; Men's sprint 2016:  Mixed team event: 2008, 2009, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016) and two silvers (Men's singles: 2011, 2015). Loch's men's singles win in 2008 made him the youngest world champion ever at 18 years old. He is the youngest Olympic Gold Medalist in men's luge history. As of 2022, Loch is a triple Olympic gold medalist.

Andi Langenhan
Andi Langenhan (born 1 October 1984) is a German luger who has been competing since 1995 and has been on the German national team since 2001. He won two bronze medals in the men's singles event at the FIL World Luge Championships (2008, 2011).

Langenhan qualified for the 2010 Winter Olympics where he finished fifth.
FC St. Gallen
Fussballclub St. Gallen 1879, commonly known as St. Gallen, is a Swiss professional football club based in the city of St. Gallen, Canton of St. Gallen. It is the second oldest football club in continental Europe, after Kjøbenhavns Boldklub. The team competes in the Swiss Super League, the top tier of Swiss football.

FC Aarau
FC Aarau is a Swiss professional football club based in Aarau. Founded in 1902, the club competes in the Swiss Challenge League, the second tier of Swiss football after being relegated from the Swiss Super League.
Discoverer 14
Discoverer 14, also known as Corona 9009,: 236  was a spy satellite used in the Corona program managed by Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the Department of Defense and the United States Air Force. On 19 August 1960, usable photographic film images of the Soviet Union taken by the satellite were recovered by a C-119 recovery aircraft. This was the first successful recovery of film from an orbiting satellite and the first mid-air recovery of an object returning from Earth orbit.

Discoverer 13
Discoverer 13 was an American optical reconnaissance satellite launched on 10 Aug 1960 at 20:37:54 GMT. The last of five test flights of the Corona KH-1 spy satellite series, it was the first fully successful flight in the Discoverer series. On 11 Aug, after 17 orbits, the satellite's reentry capsule was recovered in the Pacific Ocean by the Haiti Victory. Its payload, an American flag, was presented to President Eisenhower four days later.
The Rouse Company
The Rouse Company was a publicly traded shopping mall and community developer from 1954 until 2004, when General Growth Properties (GGP) purchased the company. It was founded by Hunter Moss and James Rouse in 1939.

Food court
A food court (in Asia-Pacific also called food hall or hawker centre) is generally an indoor plaza or common area within a facility that is contiguous with the counters of multiple food vendors and provides a common area for self-serve dining.

Food courts may be found in shopping malls, airports, and parks. In various regions (such as Asia, the Americas, and Africa), a food court may be a standalone development. In some places of learning such as high schools and universities, food courts have also come to replace or complement traditional cafeterias.
Box Hill Hawks
The Box Hill Hawks Football Club is an Australian rules football club based in the Melbourne suburb of Box Hill, competing in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and the VFL Women's (VFLW).

Since 2000, Box Hill has had a reserves affiliation with Australian Football League (AFL) club Hawthorn.

Prahran Football Club
The Prahran Football Club (IPA: /prəˈræn/), nicknamed the Two Blues, is an Australian rules football club based in the Melbourne suburb of Armadale. It has played at Toorak Park since 1899.

As of 2025, the club competes Premier C division of the Victorian Amateur Football Association (VAFA).
The Philco Television Playhouse
The Philco Television Playhouse is an American television anthology series that was broadcast live on NBC from 1948 to 1955. Produced by Fred Coe, the series was sponsored by Philco. It was one of the most respected dramatic shows of the Golden Age of Television, winning a 1954 Peabody Award and receiving eight Emmy nominations between 1951 and 1956.

Suspense (American TV series)
Suspense is an American television anthology series that ran on CBS Television from 1949 to 1954. It was adapted from the radio program of the same name which ran from 1942 to 1962. A short-lived revival was then televised briefly on CBS in 1964.
Bibb County, Alabama
Bibb County is a county in the central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. The county is a part of the Birmingham, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is included in the ARC's definition of Appalachia. As of the 24th decennial 2020 census, its population was 22,293. The county seat is Centreville. The county is named in honor of William W. Bibb (1781–1820), the Governor of Alabama Territory (1817–1819) and the first Governor of Alabama (1819–1820, when he died). He is also the namesake for Bibb County, Georgia, where he began his political career. It is a "prohibition" or dry county; however, a few towns have become "wet" by allowing the sale of alcoholic beverages: Woodstock (December 2017), West Blocton (August 2012), Centreville (June 2010), and Brent (May 2010). The Bibb County Courthouse is located in the county seat of Centreville.

Perry County, Alabama
Perry County is a county located in the Black Belt region in the central part of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,511. Its county seat is Marion. The county was established in 1819 and is named in honor of Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry of Rhode Island and the United States Navy. As of 2020, Perry County was the only county in Alabama, and one of 40 in the United States, not to have access to any wired broadband connections.
Don Giovanni
Don Giovanni (Italian pronunciation: [ˈdɔn dʒoˈvanni]; K. 527; full title: Il dissoluto punito, ossia il Don Giovanni, literally 'The Rake Punished, or Don Giovanni') is an opera in two acts with music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart to an Italian libretto by Lorenzo Da Ponte. Its subject is a centuries-old Spanish legend about a libertine, Don Juan, as told by playwright Tirso de Molina in his 1630 play El burlador de Sevilla y convidado de piedra. It is a dramma giocoso blending comedy, melodrama and supernatural elements (although the composer entered it into his catalogue simply as opera buffa). It was premiered by the Prague Italian opera at the National Theatre (of Bohemia), now called the Estates Theatre, on 29 October 1787. Don Giovanni is regarded as one of the greatest operas of all time and has proved a fruitful subject for commentary in its own right; critic Fiona Maddocks has described it as one of Mozart's "trio of masterpieces with librettos by Da Ponte".

La finta giardiniera
La finta giardiniera ("The Pretend Garden-Girl"), K. 196, is an Italian-language opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Mozart wrote it in Munich in January 1775 when he was 18 years old and it received its first performance on 13 January at the Salvator Theater in Munich. There is debate over the authorship of the libretto, written for Anfossi's opera the year before. It is often ascribed to Calzabigi, but some musicologists now attribute it to Giuseppe Petrosellini, though again it is questioned whether it is in the latter's style.

In 1780 Mozart converted the opera into a German Singspiel called Die Gärtnerin aus Liebe (also Die verstellte Gärtnerin), which involved rewriting some of the music. Until a copy of the complete Italian version was found in the 1970s, the German translation was the only known complete score.
Seneca County, Ohio
Seneca County is a county located in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 55,069. Its county seat is Tiffin. The county was created in 1820 and organized in 1824. It is named for the Seneca Indians, the westernmost nation of the Iroquois Confederacy. This people were based in present-day New York but had territory extending into Pennsylvania and Ohio. Seneca County comprises the Tiffin, OH Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Findlay–Tiffin, OH Combined Statistical Area.

Crawford County, Ohio
Crawford County is a county located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 42,025. Its county seat and largest city is Bucyrus. The county was created in 1820 and later organized in 1836. It was named for Colonel William Crawford, a soldier during the American Revolution. Crawford County comprises the Bucyrus, OH Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Mansfield-Ashland-Bucyrus, OH Combined Statistical Area.
Elena Gorokhova
Elena Konstantinovna Gorokhova (Russian: Еле́на Константи́новна Горо́хова; 19 February 1933 – 15 January 2014) was a Russian painter, living and working in Saint Petersburg, regarded as one of representatives of the Leningrad School of Painting.

Nikolai Kostrov
Nikolai Ivanovich Kostrov (Russian: Никола́й Ива́нович Костро́в; May 19, 1901 – April 11, 1995) was a Russian Soviet painter, graphic artist, and illustrator, who lived and worked in Leningrad. He was a member of the Leningrad Union of Artists, and regarded as one of representatives of the Leningrad school of painting and graphics.
Garth Ennis
Garth Ennis (born 16 January 1970) is a Northern Irish-American  comics writer, best known for his acclaimed run on the Vertigo series Hellblazer, his own Vertigo creation Preacher with artist Steve Dillon, his nine-year run on Marvel Comics' Punisher franchise, and The Boys with artist Darick Robertson. He has collaborated with artists such as Dillon and Glenn Fabry on Preacher, John McCrea on Hitman, Marc Silvestri on The Darkness, and Carlos Ezquerra on both Preacher and Hitman. His work has won him recognition in the comics industry, including nominations for the Comics Buyer's Guide Award for Favorite Writer in 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000. Like his inspiration, Alan Moore, he is a promoter of left-liberal ideas, for which he has received numerous awards and recognition from specialised British and American publications and organisations, such as the UK Comic Art Award  and the Comics Buyer's Guide Fan Awards.

Dave Gibbons
David Chester Gibbons (born 14 April 1949) is an English comics artist, writer and sometimes letterer. He is best known for his collaborations with writer Alan Moore, which include the miniseries Watchmen and the Superman story "For the Man Who Has Everything". He was an artist for 2000 AD, for which he contributed a large body of work from its first issue in 1977.
Kyushu
Kyushu (九州, Kyūshū; pronounced [kʲɯꜜː.ɕɯː] ⓘ, lit. 'nine provinces') is the third-largest and most southerly of Japan's four main islands. In the past, it has been known as Kyūkoku (九国, "Nine Countries"), Chinzei (鎮西, "West of the Pacified Area") and Tsukushi-no-shima (筑紫島, "Island of Tsukushi"). The historical regional name Saikaidō (西海道; lit. West Sea Circuit) referred to Kyushu and its surrounding islands. Kyushu has a land area of 36,782 square kilometres (14,202 sq mi) and a population of 14,311,224 in 2018.

There is a theory that Kyushu was in ancient times home to its own independent dynasty, where a unique, southern-influenced culture and tradition distinct from that of Honshu flourished.

In the 8th-century Taihō Code reforms, Dazaifu was established as a special administrative term for the region.

Beppu
Beppu (別府市, Beppu-shi) is a city in Ōita Prefecture on the island of Kyushu, Japan. As of November 30, 2023, the city had a population of 113,045 in 62,702 households, and a population density of 900 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 125.34 km2 (48.39 sq mi). Beppu is famous for its hot springs. In 2024, Beppu celebrated its centenary as a city.
Saint-Cloud
Saint-Cloud (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ klu]) is a French commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France, 10 kilometres (6 miles) from the centre of Paris. Like other communes of Hauts-de-Seine such as Marnes-la-Coquette, Neuilly-sur-Seine and Vaucresson, Saint-Cloud is one of France's wealthiest towns, with the second-highest average household income of communities with 10,000 to 50,000 households.

Saint-Cloud is home to the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM), located in the Parc de Saint-Cloud's Pavillon de Breteuil.

Marie Bonaparte
Princess Marie Bonaparte (2 July 1882 – 21 September 1962), known as Princess George of Greece and Denmark upon her marriage, was a French author and psychoanalyst, closely linked with Sigmund Freud. Her wealth contributed to the popularity of psychoanalysis and enabled Freud's escape from Nazi Germany.

Marie Bonaparte was a great-grandniece of Emperor Napoleon I of France. She was the only child of Roland Napoléon Bonaparte, 6th Prince of Canino and Musignano (1858–1924) and Marie-Félix Blanc (1859–1882). Her paternal grandfather was Prince Pierre Napoleon Bonaparte, son of Lucien Bonaparte, 1st Prince of Canino and Musignano, Napoleon's rebellious younger brother. For this reason, despite her title, Marie was not a member of the dynastic branch of the Bonapartes who claimed the French imperial throne from exile. Her maternal grandfather was François Blanc, the principal real estate developer of Monte Carlo. It was from this side of her family that Marie inherited her great fortune.
Si Phraya Road
Si Phraya Road (Thai: ถนนสี่พระยา, pronounced [sìː pʰráʔ.jāː]) is a road in Bang Rak District, Bangkok, Thailand. It divides the areas of Maha Phruettharam and Si Phraya subdistricts. Built in 1906 by four noblemen of the rank phraya (hence the name, which means 'four phraya'), the road runs from Si Phraya Pier at the mouth of the Phadung Krung Kasem Canal to Sam Yan Intersection, where it meets the Phaya Thai and Rama IV Roads.

Surawong Road
Surawong Road (Thai: ถนนสุรวงศ์, pronounced [sù.ra.wōŋ]) is a road in the Bang Rak District of Bangkok, Thailand, linking Charoen Krung Road to Rama IV and forming the boundary between Suriyawong and Si Lom subdistricts. It was built at the end of the 19th century during Bangkok's period of expansion following the country's opening up to the West, and was home to many leading businesses, upper-class families, and members of the expatriate community. It was known as a Western-style nightlife entertainment district during the 1920s, and was—and still is—home to many leading hotels. The road grew as a business district along with the nearby Si Lom Road during the mid-20th century, but lagged behind in development toward the end of the century due to its limited traffic capacity. Today, it is still home to several historic landmarks, as well as many well-known restaurants.
Steven Meisel
Steven Meisel (born June 5, 1954) is an American fashion photographer, who obtained popularity and critical acclaim with his work in Vogue and Vogue Italia as well as his photographs of friend Madonna in her 1992 book, Sex. He is now considered one of the most successful fashion photographers in the industry.

He worked regularly for American Vogue (from the 1990s to 2000s), British Vogue (under the editorship of Edward Enninful) and Italian Vogue (from the late 1980s to 2010s).

Annie Leibovitz
Anna-Lou Leibovitz (/ˈliːbəvɪts/ LEE-bə-vits; born October 2, 1949) is an American portrait photographer best known for her portraits, particularly of celebrities, which often feature subjects in intimate settings and poses. Leibovitz's Polaroid photo of John Lennon and Yoko Ono, taken five hours before Lennon's murder, is considered one of Rolling Stone magazine's most famous cover photographs. The Library of Congress declared her a Living Legend, and she is the first woman to have a feature exhibition at Washington's National Portrait Gallery.

Leibovitz was a student in the 1970s when her photos were published for the first time: pictures of Vietnam War protesters in Israel, taken on assignment for Rolling Stone, one of which landed on the cover. Since then, she has captured film stars, politicians, athletes, royalty and artists for features and cover stories in other major publications, including Vanity Fair, Vogue and Time.
Robbie Gould
Robert Paul Gould III (/ˈɡoʊld/ GOLD; born December 6, 1982) is an American former professional football player who was a placekicker for 18 seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the Chicago Bears, New York Giants and San Francisco 49ers. He played college football for the Penn State Nittany Lions and was signed by the New England Patriots as an undrafted free agent in 2005. Gould played with the Bears from 2005 to 2015, earning first-team All-Pro and Pro Bowl honors in 2006, and became the franchise's all-time leading scorer.

Gould ranks as the ninth-most accurate placekicker in NFL history and never missed a field goal or extra point in the postseason, converting all 29 field goal attempts and all 39 extra point attempts. He finished his career as the 10th all-time leading scorer in NFL history.

Johnny Knox
Johnny Otis Knox II (born November 3, 1986) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver for three seasons with the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for Abilene Christian University. He was selected by the Bears as the 140th overall pick in the 2009 NFL draft. Knox's career abruptly ended after sustaining a severe spinal injury in 2011. When it became apparent he would never be cleared to play again, he retired in 2013. Knox was also a coaching intern for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 2015.
Hamilton Watch Company
The Hamilton Watch Company is a Swiss manufacturer of wristwatches based in Bienne, Switzerland. Founded in 1892 as an American firm, the Hamilton Watch Company ended American manufacture in 1969, shifting manufacturing operations to the Buren factory in Switzerland. Through a series of mergers and acquisitions, the Hamilton Watch Company eventually became integrated into the Swatch Group, the world's largest watch manufacturing and marketing conglomerate.

Longines
Compagnie des Montres Longines, Francillon S.A., or simply Longines (French pronunciation: [lɔ̃ʒin]), is a Swiss luxury watchmaker based in Saint-Imier, Switzerland. Founded by Auguste Agassiz in 1832, the company has been a subsidiary of the Swiss Swatch Group and its predecessors since 1983. Its winged hourglass logo, registered in 1889, is the oldest unchanged active trademark registered with WIPO.
Kharkov Governorate
Kharkov Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire founded in 1835. It embraced the historical region of Sloboda Ukraine. From 1765 to 1780 and from 1796 to 1835 the governorate was called Sloboda Ukraine Governorate. In 1780–1796 there existed the Kharkov Vicegerency (Ukrainian: намісництво, romanized: namisnytstvo; Russian: намесничество, romanized: namestnichestvo).

From 1765 to 1780, the Sloboda Ukraine Governorate existed. In 1780, the Kharkov Viceroyalty was established and lasted until 1796. In 1835, the Viceroyalty was again reorganized into the Sloboda-Ukrainian Governorate, and from 1835 onwards, the Kharkov Governorate was formed, which existed until 1925. With each reorganization, the boundaries and administrative structure change significantly. The main state tax implementation, processing, and publishing of statistical information for the Kharkov governorate was the Kharkov Governorate Statistical Committee.

Kursk Governorate
Kursk Governorate (Russian: Курская губерния, romanized: Kurskaya guberniya) was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire, which existed from 1796 to 1928 with its capital in Kursk.