hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Russian Turkestan
Russian Turkestan was the vast region of Central Asia governed by the Russian Empire, often described by historians as a colonial possession. It was formally organized as the Turkestan Governorate-General in 1867, and was also known as the Turkestan Krai from 1886 onward. For administrative and military purposes, its territory was managed as the Turkestan Military District.

It comprised the oasis regions south of the Kazakh Steppe but excluded the Russian protectorates of the Emirate of Bukhara and the Khanate of Khiva. While these states retained internal autonomy, their independence was largely nominal, as Russia controlled their foreign relations and military affairs. The population consisted primarily of speakers of Uzbek, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Tajik, with a significant Russian settler minority.

Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
The Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (TASSR; Russian: Туркестанская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика, romanized: Turkestanskaya Avtonomnaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika; Uzbek: Turkiston Avtonom Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi), originally called the Turkestan Soviet Federative Republic, was an autonomous republic of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic located in Soviet Central Asia which existed between 1918 and 1924. Uzbeks were the preeminent nation of the Turkestan ASSR. Tashkent was the capital and largest city in the region.
Master's degree
A master's degree (from Latin magister) is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities or colleges upon completion of a course of study demonstrating mastery or a high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice. A master's degree normally requires previous study at the bachelor's level, either as a separate degree or as part of an integrated course. Within the area studied, master's graduates are expected to possess advanced knowledge of a specialized body of theoretical and applied topics; high order skills in analysis, critical evaluation, or professional application; and the ability to solve complex problems and think rigorously and independently.

Institute of technology
An institute of technology (also referred to as technological/technology university/college, technical university/college, university/college of technology, polytechnic university) is an institution of tertiary education that specializes in engineering, technology, applied science, and natural sciences.
Aschbach, Rhineland-Palatinate
Aschbach (German pronunciation: [ˈaʃbax])  is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein.

Glanbrücken
Glanbrücken is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein.
European eel
The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a species of eel. Their life history was a mystery for thousands of years, and mating in the wild has not yet been observed. The five stages of their development were originally thought to be different species. They are critically endangered due to hydroelectric dams, overfishing by fisheries on coasts for human consumption, and parasites.

Thymallus thymallus
Thymallus thymallus, harjus, the grayling or European grayling, is a species of freshwater fish in the salmon family Salmonidae. It is the only species of the genus Thymallus (the graylings) native to Europe, where it is widespread from the United Kingdom and France to the Ural Mountains in Russia, and Balkans on the south-east, but does not occur in the southern parts of the continent. It was introduced to Morocco in 1948, but it does not appear to have become established there.
Kate Ford
Kate Ford (born 29 December 1976) is an English actress.  She is known for her portrayal of Tracy Barlow in the ITV soap opera, Coronation Street (2002–2007, 2010–present).

Ford was born in Salford, Greater Manchester. She attended Queen Elizabeth School in Kirkby Lonsdale, Cumbria and Blackpool and The Fylde College, Lancashire. She later trained at the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art.

Michelle Keegan
Michelle Elizabeth Keegan (born 3 June 1987) is an English actress. She is known for her roles as Tina McIntyre in the ITV soap opera Coronation Street (2008–2014) and Georgie Lane in the BBC military drama Our Girl (2016–2020). Keegan has also starred as Tina Moore in the biopic Tina and Bobby (2017), Erin Croft in Sky Max comedy Brassic (2019–2025), Kate Thorne in BBC period drama Ten Pound Poms (2023–2025) and Maya Burkett in Netflix thriller Fool Me Once (2024).
Oswestry
Oswestry (/ˈɒzwəstri/ OZ-wəss-tree; Welsh: Croesoswallt) is a market town, civil parish and historic railway town in Shropshire, England, close to the Welsh border. It is at the junction of the A5, A483 and A495 roads.

The town was the administrative headquarters of the Borough of Oswestry until that was abolished in 2009. At the 2021 Census, the population of Oswestry was 17,509. The town is five miles (8.0 km) from the Welsh border and has a mixed English and Welsh heritage.

Oswestry is the largest settlement within the Oswestry Uplands, a designated natural area and national character area.

Newtown, Powys
Newtown (Welsh: Y Drenewydd) is a town in Powys, Wales. It lies on the River Severn in the community of Newtown and Llanllwchaiarn, within the historic boundaries of Montgomeryshire. It was designated a new town in 1967 and saw population growth as firms settled, changing its market town character. Its 2001 population of 10,780 rose to 11,357 in the 2011 census, and rose again to 11,362 in the 2021 census.

Newtown was the birthplace of Robert Owen in 1771, whose house stood on the present site of the HSBC Bank. The town has a theatre, Theatr Hafren, and a public gallery, Oriel Davies, displaying contemporary arts and crafts. It is the largest town in Powys and Mid Wales.
Mochigase, Tottori
Mochigase (用瀬町, Mochigase-chō) was a town located in Yazu District, Tottori Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 4,143 and a density of 50.77 persons per km2. The total area was 81.60 km2.

On November 1, 2004, Mochigase, along with the town of Kokufu, the village of Fukube (both from Iwami District), the towns of Aoya, Ketaka and Shikano (all from Ketaka District), the town of Kawahara, and the village of Saji (all from Yazu District), was merged into the expanded city of Tottori.

Mount Misumi is located within the former boundaries of Mochigase.

Ketaka District, Tottori
Ketaka (気高郡, Ketaka-gun) was a district located in Tottori Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the district had an estimated population of 22,283 and a density of 143.75 persons per km2. The total area was 155.01 km2.
Yanmar
Yanmar Holdings Co., Ltd. (ヤンマーホールディングス株式会社, Yanmā Hōrudingusu Kabushiki-Gaisha) is a Japanese diesel engine, heavy machinery and agricultural machinery manufacturer founded in Osaka, Japan, in 1912. Yanmar manufactures and sells engines used in a wide range of applications, including seagoing vessels, pleasure boats, construction equipment, agricultural equipment and generator sets. It also manufactures and sells, climate control systems, and aquafarming systems, in addition to providing a range of remote monitoring services.

Perkins Engines
Perkins Engines Company Limited is primarily a diesel engine manufacturer for several markets including agricultural, construction, material handling, power generation, and industrial.  It was established in Peterborough, England in 1932 and has been a subsidiary of Caterpillar Inc. since 1998. Over the years, Perkins has expanded its engine catalogue, producing thousands of different engine specifications including diesel and petrol engine automotives.
Richard Fortus
Richard Fortus (born November 17, 1966) is an American guitarist. He has been a member of the hard rock band Guns N' Roses since 2002 and has recorded one studio album with them. Fortus has also collaborated extensively with The Psychedelic Furs frontman Richard Butler and former Guns N' Roses bandmate Frank Ferrer. Aside from lead singer Axl Rose and keyboardist Dizzy Reed, Fortus is the longest-tenured member of Guns N' Roses, having been with the band continuously since 2002.

Alongside his work in Guns N' Roses, Fortus is a former member of Love Spit Love, Thin Lizzy, and The Dead Daisies.

Marco Mendoza
Marco Mendoza (born 3 May 1963) is an American bass guitarist who has worked in diverse genres. He became a professional rock musician in 1989 and debuted on Black Sabbath drummer Bill Ward's solo album Along the Way. He has performed on a number of notable releases throughout his career, including Live... in the Still of the Night by Whitesnake, One Night Only by Thin Lizzy and Live in Concert at Lollapalooza by Journey.
Leeds Rhinos
The Leeds Rhinos are a professional rugby league club in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. The club play their home games at AMT Headingley Rugby Stadium and compete in the Super League, the top tier of British rugby league.

Leeds Rhinos have won the League Championship 11 times, Challenge Cup 14 times and World Club Challenge three times.

The club share big long-standing West Yorkshire Derby rivalries and City rival with Hunslet Rugby League Huddersfield Giants and Bradford Bulls. Leeds' traditional home colours are blue and amber shirts with white shorts and blue socks.

Swinton Lions
The Swinton Lions are a professional rugby league club based in Swinton, Greater Manchester, England, which competes in the RFL Championship. The club has won the Championship six times and three Challenge Cups. Before 1996, the club was known simply as Swinton RLFC.
Los Angeles McCormicks
The Los Angeles McCormicks were a minor league baseball team based in Los Angeles, California. In 1910, the Los Angeles McCormicks played as members of the Class D level Southern California Trolley League. The league folded during the 1910 season. The Los Angeles McCormicks were owned by Jim McCormick, who also owned the Los Angeles Maiers franchise in the league. The two teams shared Maier Park.

Pasadena Silk Sox
The Pasadena Silk Sox were a short–lived minor league baseball team based in Pasadena, California in 1910. Pasadena teams played as members of the Class D level Southern California Trolley League in 1910 and the 1913 Southern California League, with both teams having short tenures of play. The two teams have been the only minor league teams based in Pasadena.
Mediabase
Mediabase is a music industry service that monitors radio station airplay in 180 US and Canadian markets. Mediabase publishes music charts and data based on the most played songs on terrestrial and satellite radio, and provides in-depth analytical tools for radio and record industry professionals. Mediabase charts and airplay data are used on many popular radio countdown shows and televised music awards programs.  Music charts are published in both domestic and international trade publications and newspapers worldwide.  Mediabase is a division of iHeartMedia.

Broadcast Data Systems
Broadcast Data Systems (also known as Nielsen BDS, BDS or Luminate BDS) was a service that tracks radio, television and internet airplay of songs. The service, which is a unit of MRC Data, is a contributing factor to North American charts published by co-owned magazine Billboard, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Canadian Hot 100, when combined with sales and streaming data from Soundscan.

BDS monitors airplay on more than 2,000 radio stations, satellite radio, and cable music channels across the United States (including Puerto Rico), Canada, and Mexico. Luminate distributes BDS airplay data in their suite of music data products, including Music Connect, BDSRadio, BDS RealTime, ENcore and Musictracking.

From August 2006 to its final June 2009 publication, BDS also provided chart data for R&R after Nielsen acquired the trade. On September 10, 2009, the website Radio-Info.com struck a partnership with Nielsen BDS to provide radio airplay charts and related data for over 20 formats.
Harry Nelson Pillsbury
Harry Nelson Pillsbury (December 5, 1872 – June 17, 1906) was a leading American chess player. At the age of 22, he won the Hastings 1895 chess tournament, one of the strongest tournaments of the time, but his illness and early death prevented him from challenging for the World Chess Championship.

Siegbert Tarrasch
Siegbert Tarrasch (German pronunciation: [ˈziːɡbɐt ˈtaraʃ]; 5 March 1862 – 17 February 1934) was a German chess player, considered to have been among the strongest players and most influential theoreticians of the late 19th and early 20th century.
Chuck Liddell
Charles David Liddell (born December 17, 1969) is an American former professional mixed martial artist. A professional competitor from 1998 to 2018, Liddell is a former UFC Light Heavyweight Champion (from 2005 to 2007) and is widely credited, along with fellow UFC fighter Randy Couture, with helping bring MMA into the mainstream of American sports and entertainment. Known as "The Iceman", Liddell achieved a 16–7 MMA record in the UFC, and an overall MMA record of 21–9, with 13 of his wins coming by way of knockout. He also achieved a 20-2 record in kickboxing, with 16 of his wins coming by way of knockout, and won two national amateur championships. He retired in late 2010, then came out of retirement for one bout in 2018, in a loss to rival Tito Ortiz. On July 10, 2009, Liddell was inducted into the UFC Hall of Fame.

Kevin Randleman
Kevin Christopher Randleman (August 10, 1971 – February 11, 2016) was an American mixed martial artist, amateur and professional wrestler, and former UFC Heavyweight Champion. Randleman's background was in collegiate wrestling, in which he became a two-time NCAA Division I and a three-time Big Ten wrestling champion out of Ohio State University. Randleman competed in the heavyweight and light heavyweight classes in MMA. In addition to competing in the UFC, Randleman also fought for other organizations such as PRIDE, WVR, and Strikeforce.  He was previously associated with Mark Coleman's Team Hammer House, before training at Randy Couture's gym in Las Vegas, Nevada. On May 16, 2020, the UFC announced that Randleman would be inducted into the pioneer wing of the UFC Hall of Fame. Randleman is the first fighter to be posthumously inducted into the UFC Hall of Fame.
Iain Banks
Iain Menzies Banks (/ˈmɪŋɪz/ ⓘ; 16 February 1954 – 9 June 2013) was a Scottish author, writing mainstream fiction as Iain Banks and science fiction as Iain M. Banks. His books have been adapted for theatre, radio, and television. In 2008, The Times named Banks in their list of the 50 greatest British writers since 1945.

Banks began writing full time after the success of his debut novel The Wasp Factory (1984), which has since sold over a million copies and been translated into 80 languages. The novel was named one of the 100 best books of the 20th century in a 1997 poll by Waterstones and Channel 4; in 2016, it was ranked the second-best Scottish novel of all time in an equivalent poll by the BBC. His first science fiction book, Consider Phlebas (1987), marked the start of the Culture series, consisting of eight further novels.

In April 2013, Banks revealed he had inoperable cancer and was unlikely to live beyond a year. He died on 9 June 2013, at the age of 59.

Ian Rankin
Sir Ian James Rankin OBE DL FRSE FRSL FRIAS (born 28 April 1960) is a Scottish crime writer and philanthropist, best known for his Inspector Rebus novels.

Born in Fife, Rankin was the first of his family to attend university, and he worked in a number of different jobs before becoming a writer. Rankin's crime novels form a major contribution to the tartan noir genre, and have won numerous British and international awards. His Rebus books have sold over 35 million copies.
Ventimiglia
Ventimiglia (Italian: [ventiˈmiʎʎa]; Intemelio: Ventemiglia [veŋteˈmiʎa], Genoese: Vintimiggia; French: Vintimille [vɛ̃timij]; Provençal: Ventemilha [venteˈmiʎɔ]) is a resort town in the province of Imperia, Liguria, northern Italy. It is located 130 km (81 mi) west of Genoa, and 7 km (4.3 mi) from the French-Italian border, on the Gulf of Genoa, having a small harbour at the mouth of the Roia river, which divides the town into two parts. Ventimiglia's urban area has a population of 55,000.

San Biagio della Cima
San Biagio della Cima (Ligurian: San Giaixu) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Imperia in the Italian region Liguria, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of Imperia.

San Biagio della Cima borders the following municipalities: Camporosso, Dolceacqua, Perinaldo, Soldano, Vallebona, and Vallecrosia.
Scottish Television
Scottish Television (now legally known as STV Central Limited) is the ITV network franchisee for Central Scotland. The channel — the largest of the three ITV franchises in Scotland — has been in operation since 31 August 1957 and is the second-oldest franchise holder in the UK that is still active (the oldest being Granada Television).

STV Central broadcasts from studios at Pacific Quay in Glasgow and is owned and operated by STV Group (formerly SMG plc), which also owns the Northern Scotland franchise, Grampian Television (now STV North), based in Aberdeen. It produces news for the west and east halves of its transmission region (STV News at Six) along with current affairs and feature programming for Northern and Central Scotland.

Along with STV North and ITV Border, STV Central is a commercial rival to the publicly funded national broadcaster, BBC Scotland.

Scotsport
Scotsport  is a Scottish sports television programme, broadcast on STV in northern and central Scotland between 1957 and 2008, as well as on ITV Border in southern Scotland.

It was first broadcast in 1957 as Sports Desk and continued until the end of its weekly football highlights show in May 2008.
Hard Justice (2007)
The 2007 Hard Justice was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), which took place on August 12, 2007 at the Impact Zone in Orlando, Florida. It was the third event under the Hard Justice chronology. Nine matches were featured on the event's card.

No Surrender (2007)
The 2007 No Surrender was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), which took place on September 9, 2007 at the TNA Impact! Zone in Orlando, Florida. It was the third event under the No Surrender chronology.

Eight matches were contested at the event. In the main event, Kurt Angle defeated Abyss to retain the TNA World Heavyweight Championship. In other prominent matches, Christian Cage defeated Samoa Joe by disqualification, Jay Lethal defeated Kurt Angle to win the TNA X Division Championship, Rhino defeated James Storm and, in the opening contest, Team Pacman (Adam "Pacman" Jones and Ron Killings) defeated Kurt Angle and Sting to win the TNA World Tag Team Championship.
Hellas Verona FC
Hellas Verona Football Club, commonly referred to as simply Hellas Verona (Italian: [ˈɛllaz veˈroːna]), is an Italian professional football club based in Verona, Veneto, that currently plays in Serie A. The team won the Serie A championship in the 1984–85 season.

The club has been associated with politically far-right ultras since at least the 1970s, and has repeatedly had racist incidents occur in the stands over the decades, including an incident in 1996 in which an effigy representing Dutch player Maickel Ferrier was hung from the stadium railing with a banner reading "Negro, get out of here" by fans wearing Ku Klux Klan attire. The club was repeated fined in the 2010s and 2020s for fans in the stands racially abusing players on the pitch.

In January 2025, it was announced that the club had been acquired by American private equity Presidio Investors.

US Triestina Calcio 1918
Unione Sportiva Triestina Calcio 1918, commonly referred to US Triestina or just Triestina, is an Italian football club based in Trieste, in the northern Friuli-Venezia Giulia region. Originally established in 1918, Triestina was one of the founding members of Serie A in 1929 and featured in Italian top flight until the late 1950s. Triestina spent the following decades in lower levels, and during that time the club was folded and re-established several times. As of the 2024–25 season it plays in Serie C, the third tier of Italian football.
Finger Lakes
The Finger Lakes are a group of eleven long, narrow, roughly north–south lakes located in an area called the Finger Lakes region in New York, in the United States. This region straddles the northern and transitional edge of the Northern Allegheny Plateau, known as the Finger Lakes Uplands and Gorges ecoregion, and the Ontario Lowlands ecoregion of the Great Lakes Lowlands.

The geological term finger lake refers to a long, narrow lake in an overdeepened glacial valley, while the proper name Finger Lakes goes back to the late 19th century. Cayuga and Seneca Lakes are among the deepest in the United States, measuring 435 and 618 feet (133 and 188 m), respectively, with bottoms well below sea level. Though none of the lakes' widths exceed 3.5 miles (5.6 km), Seneca Lake is 38.1 miles (61.3 km) long, and at 66.9 square miles (173 km2) is the largest in total area.

Livingston County, New York
Livingston County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 61,834. Its county seat is Geneseo. The county is named after Robert R. Livingston, who helped draft the Declaration of Independence and negotiated the Louisiana Purchase. The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.

Livingston County is part of the Rochester, New York metropolitan area.
HK Acroni Jesenice
Hokejski klub Acroni Jesenice (English: Acroni Jesenice Hockey Club), commonly referred to as HK Acroni Jesenice or simply Jesenice, was a Slovenian ice hockey team from Jesenice that last played in the Austrian Erste Bank Hockey League and the Slovenian Ice Hockey League. They played their home games at the Podmežakla Hall. Throughout its history, the club was regarded as one of the most successful clubs in Slovenian and Yugoslav ice hockey. In September 2012, the club filed for bankruptcy and was dissolved.

HK Kranjska Gora
Hokejski klub Kranjska Gora (English: Kranjska Gora Hockey Club), commonly referred to as HK Kranjska Gora or simply Kranjska Gora, was an ice hockey team from Kranjska Gora, Slovenia. The club played in both the Yugoslav Ice Hockey League and the Slovenian Hockey League.
Marijampolė
Marijampolė (Lithuanian: [mɐrʲɪˈjɐmpoːlʲeː] ⓘ; previously known by several other names) is the capital of Marijampolė County in the south of Lithuania, bordering Poland and Russian Kaliningrad Oblast, and Lake Vištytis. The city's population stood at approximately 48,700 in 2003. Marijampolė is the seventh-largest city in Lithuania and the sixteenth-largest city in the Baltic States. It is the cultural centre and largest settlement of the historical region of Suvalkija (Sudovia).

Marijampolė has been a regional center since 1994. The city covers an area equal to 205.07 square kilometres (79.18 sq mi). The Šešupė River divides the city into two parts, which are connected by six bridges.

The city is known for the international art and architecture symposium Malonny, an event which focuses on street art, murals, and public installations, transforming Marijampolė's urban spaces into an open-air art gallery.

Kalvarija, Lithuania
Kalvarija (pronunciationⓘ) is a town in southwestern Lithuania, located in the Marijampolė County, close to the border with Poland. It is the administrative seat and largest town of Kalvarija Municipality.