hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Courtship display
A courtship display is a set of display behaviors in which an animal, usually a male, attempts to attract a mate; the mate exercises choice, so sexual selection acts on the display. These behaviors often include ritualized movement ("dances"), vocalizations, mechanical sound production, or displays of beauty, strength, or agonistic ability.

Copulation (zoology)
In zoology, copulation is animal sexual behavior in which a male introduces sperm into the female's body, especially directly into the female's reproductive tract. This is an aspect of mating. Many aquatic animals use external fertilization, whereas internal fertilization may have developed from a need to maintain gametes in a liquid medium in the Late Ordovician epoch. Internal fertilization with many vertebrates (such as all reptiles, some fish, and most birds) occurs via cloacal copulation, known as cloacal kiss (see also hemipenis), while most mammals copulate vaginally, and many basal vertebrates reproduce sexually with external fertilization.
Clay County, Nebraska
Clay County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 6,104. Its county seat is Clay Center. The county was formed in 1855, and was organized in 1871. It was named for Henry Clay, a member of the United States Senate from Kentucky, who went on to become United States Secretary of State. In the Nebraska license plate system, Clay County is represented by the prefix 30 (it had the 30th-largest number of vehicles registered in the county when the license plate system was established in 1922).

Hastings micropolitan area, Nebraska
The Hastings micropolitan statistical area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties in Nebraska, anchored by the city of Hastings.

As of the 2000 census, the μSA had a population of 38,190 (though a July 1, 2009 estimate placed the population at 39,529).
Westbury, Wiltshire
Westbury is a market town and civil parish in west Wiltshire, England. The town lies below the northwestern edge of Salisbury Plain, about 4 miles (6 km) south of Trowbridge and a similar distance north of Warminster.

Westbury was known for the annual Hill Fair where many sheep were sold in the 18th and 19th centuries; later growth came from the town's position at the intersection of two railway lines. The busy A350, which connects the M4 motorway with the south coast, passes through the town. The urban area has expanded to include the village of Westbury Leigh and the hamlets of Chalford and Frogmore.

Westbury (UK Parliament constituency)
Westbury was a parliamentary constituency in Wiltshire from 1449 to 2010. It was represented in the House of Commons of England until 1707, and then in the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, and finally in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 until 2010.

Until 1885, it was a parliamentary borough, returning two Members of Parliament (MPs) until 1832 and only one from 1832 to 1885. The parliamentary borough was abolished in 1885, when the name was transferred to a county constituency returning one MP.  Elections used the bloc vote system when two MPs were returned, and the first-past-the-post system of election when one seat was contested.

Westbury returned a Conservative Member at every election after 1924.
Kanon (wrestler)
Kanon (stylized in capital letters as KANON) is a Japanese professional wrestler signed to the Japanese promotion DDT Pro-Wrestling, where he is a two-time and reigning KO-D 6-Man Tag Team Champion (with Daisuke Sasaki and MJ Paul).

Takeshi Masada
Takeshi Masada (正田 壮史, Masada Takeshi; born October 2, 2001) is a Japanese professional wrestler working for the Japanese promotion DDT Pro-Wrestling where he is a former two-time Ironman Heavymetalweight Champion.
Cindy Crawford
Cynthia Ann Crawford (born February 20, 1966) is an American model, actress and television personality. During the 1980s and 1990s, she was among the most popular supermodels and an ubiquitous presence on magazine covers and runways, as well as fashion campaigns. She subsequently expanded into acting and business ventures.

Christy Turlington
Christy Nicole Turlington Burns (née Turlington; born January 2, 1969) is an American fashion model. She initially attracted fame in the late 1980s and early 1990s as a supermodel. She represented Calvin Klein's Eternity campaign in 1989 and again in 2014, and also represents Maybelline. Grace Coddington, the long-time creative director of American Vogue magazine, has described Turlington as "the most beautiful woman in the world."
Kusel
Kusel (German pronunciation: [ˈkuːzl̩] ⓘ; written Cusel until 1865) is a town in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the Kusel-Altenglan Verbandsgemeinde and is also the district seat.

The well-known operatic tenor Fritz Wunderlich was born in Kusel.

Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate
Wolfstein (German pronunciation: [ˈvɔlfˌʃtaɪn] ⓘ) is a town in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Before 1 July 2014 it was the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde, since then it is part of the Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein. Wolfstein is known for its two castle ruins, Neu-Wolfstein standing over the heart of the town, and Alt-Wolfstein standing at the narrowest spot in the Lauter valley at the town's northern entrance. Wolfstein is a state-recognized recreational resort (Erholungsort).
William Weigel
Major General William Weigel (August 25, 1863 – March 4, 1936) was a United States Army officer who, throughout his long military career, served in numerous conflicts and wars, most notably towards the end of World War I, commanding the 56th Brigade of the 28th Division before taking command of the 88th Division in the war's final weeks.

Marcus Daniel Cronin
Marcus Daniel Cronin (9 January 1865 – 12 August 1936) was a United States military officer. He served in a number of conflicts, including the Spanish–American War, Philippine–American War and World War I.
Oglethorpe County, Georgia
Oglethorpe County is a county located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,825. The county seat is Lexington.

Oglethorpe County is included in the Athens-Clarke County, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs, GA Combined Statistical Area. It is the largest county in Northeast Georgia.

Elbert County, Georgia
Elbert County is a county located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,637. The county seat is Elberton. The county was established on December 10, 1790, and was named for Samuel Elbert.
Taranaki rugby league team
The Taranaki rugby league team (also known as the Taranaki Wildcats, formerly the Taranaki Sharks and the Taranaki Rockets) are New Zealand rugby league team that represents the Taranaki Rugby League. They currently compete in the NZRL National Competition (Zonal team) and the Rugby League Cup (District team).

Auckland rugby league team
The Auckland rugby league team is the team which traditionally represents all of the clubs which play in the Auckland Rugby League competition. As well as a senior men's team there are also Auckland representative teams throughout the various age groups such as under 15s, under 17s, under 19s and under 21s.

Under the new zone scheme introduced in 2010 the Auckland team represents the North Shore, East Auckland and West Auckland, while South Auckland is represented by the Counties Manukau rugby league team. The zone team is named the Akarana Falcons.
Getafe CF
Getafe Club de Fútbol S.A.D. (Spanish pronunciation: [xeˈtafe ˈkluβ ðe ˈfuðβol]) is a Spanish professional football club based in Getafe, a city in the Community of Madrid. They compete in La Liga, the top tier of the Spanish football. The team has played its home matches in the 16,500-capacity Estadio Coliseum since 1998.

Founded in 1983, the club was promoted to La Liga for the first time in 2004, and participated in the top level of Spanish football for twelve years between 2004 and 2016, and again since 2017. The club maintain rivalries with neighbours Leganés, who are based near the town of Getafe, Atlético Madrid and Real Madrid.

UD Almería
Unión Deportiva Almería, S.A.D. (Spanish pronunciation: [uˈnjon depoɾˈtiβ(a) almeˈɾi.a]) is a Spanish professional football club based in Almería, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Founded on 26 July 1989 and known as Almería Club de Fútbol until 2001, when it was renamed Unión Deportiva Almería. The club currently plays in the Segunda División, and plays their home games at the 17,400-seat capacity UD Almería Stadium.
Pasir Ris–Punggol Group Representation Constituency
The Pasir Ris–Punggol Group Representation Constituency was a five-member Group Representation Constituency (GRC) in the north-eastern and eastern regions of Singapore. At abolition, the constituency consisted of Pasir Ris and parts of the Punggol town area, comprising 5 wards: Pasir Ris Central, Pasir Ris East, Pasir Ris West, Punggol Shore as well as Punggol Coast managed by Pasir Ris—Punggol Town Council.

Pasir Ris–Changi Group Representation Constituency
The Pasir Ris–Changi Group Representation Constituency is a four-member group representation constituency (GRC) in the eastern region of Singapore. It has four divisions: Changi, Pasir Ris Central, Pasir Ris East, and Pasir Ris West, managed by Pasir Ris–Changi Town Council. The current Members of Parliament (MPs) for the constituency are Desmond Tan, Indranee Rajah, Sharael Taha and Valerie Lee from the governing People's Action Party (PAP).
Shimonoseki campaign
The Shimonoseki campaign (Japanese: 下関戦争/馬関戦争, Hepburn: Shimonoseki Sensō/Bakan Sensō; "Shimonoseki War") was a series of military engagements in 1863 and 1864, fought to control the Shimonoseki Straits of Japan by joint naval forces from the United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands, and the United States, against the Japanese feudal domain of Chōshū, which took place off and on the coast of Shimonoseki, Japan.

Bombardment of Kagoshima
The Bombardment of Kagoshima, also known as the Anglo-Satsuma War (薩英戦争, Satsu-Ei Sensō), was a military engagement fought between Britain and the Satsuma Domain in Kagoshima from 15 to 17 August 1863. The British were attempting to extract compensation and legal justice from daimyo Shimazu Tadayoshi for the 1862 Namamugi incident.

The engagement began when a Royal Navy fleet commanded by Sir Augustus Kuper was fired on from Satsuma coastal batteries near Kagoshima. The British retaliated by bombarding the city, but were unable to gain a conclusive victory and retreated two days later. The Satsuma declared victory and, after negotiations, fulfilled some British demands regarding the Namamugi incident.
Independent Democratic Serb Party
The Independent Democratic Serb Party (Serbo-Croatian: Самостална демократска српска странка, Samostalna demokratska srpska stranka, SDSS) is a social-democratic political party in Croatia representing the interests of the Croatian Serbs. It holds progressive, pro-European stances and is generally considered a centre-left party.

Social Democrats (Croatia)
The Social Democrats (Croatian: Socijaldemokrati) is a Croatian centre-left political party founded in 2022. The party was preceded by a parliamentary group of the same name that broke away from the Social Democratic Party of Croatia in October 2021.
List of unnumbered minor planets: 2001 A–E
This is a partial list of unnumbered minor planets for principal provisional designations assigned between 1 January and 15 March 2001. As of November 2025, a total of 81 bodies remain unnumbered for this period. Objects for this year are listed on the following pages: A–E · Fi · Fii · G–O · P–R · S · T · U · V–W and X–Y. Also see previous and next year.

List of unnumbered minor planets: 2001 T
This is a partial list of unnumbered minor planets for principal provisional designations assigned during 1–15 October 2001. As of November 2025, a total of 132 bodies remain unnumbered for this period. Objects for this year are listed on the following pages: A–E · Fi · Fii · G–O · P–R · S · T · U · V–W and X–Y. Also see previous and next year.
Woodmere, Ohio
Woodmere is a village in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2020 census, Woodmere had a population of 641 residents. An eastern suburb of Cleveland, it is part of the Cleveland metropolitan area.

Hunting Valley, Ohio
Hunting Valley is a village in Cuyahoga and Geauga counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The population was 763 as of the 2020 census. An eastern suburb of Cleveland, it is part of the Cleveland metropolitan area. As of 2023, the median income
was US$203,750, making the village one of the wealthiest localities in Ohio.
Glossary of chess
This glossary of chess explains commonly used terms in chess, in alphabetical order. Some of these terms have their own pages, like fork and pin.

For a list of:

unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece;

terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems;

named opening lines, see List of chess openings;

chess-related games, see List of chess variants;

terms general to board games, see Glossary of board games.

Combination (chess)
In chess, a combination is a sequence of moves, often initiated by a sacrifice, which leaves the opponent few options and results in tangible gain.  At most points in a chess game, each player has several reasonable options from which to choose, which makes it difficult to plan ahead except in strategic terms.  Combinations, in contrast to the norm, are sufficiently forcing that one can calculate exactly how advantage will be achieved against any defense.  Indeed, it is usually necessary to see several moves ahead in exact detail before launching a combination, or else the initial sacrifice should not be undertaken.
Iraqi Kurdistan
Iraqi Kurdistan or Southern Kurdistan (Kurdish: باشووری کوردستان, romanized: Başûrê Kurdistanê) refers to the Kurdish-populated part of northern Iraq. It is considered one of the four parts of Greater Kurdistan in West Asia, which also includes parts of southeastern Turkey (Northern Kurdistan), northern Syria (Western Kurdistan), and northwestern Iran (Eastern Kurdistan). Much of the geographical and cultural region of Iraqi Kurdistan is part of the Kurdistan Region (KRI), a semi-autonomous region recognized by the Constitution of Iraq. As with the rest of Kurdistan, and unlike most of the rest of Iraq, the region is inland and mountainous.

Kurds in Iraq
Kurds are the second largest ethnic group of Iraq. They traditionally speak the Kurdish languages of Sorani, Kurmanji, Feyli and also Gorani.

Historically, Kurds in Iraq have experienced varying degrees of autonomy and marginalization. While the Treaty of Sèvres (1920) proposed Kurdish independence, this was never implemented, and Iraqi Kurds were incorporated into the modern state of Iraq. Following the withdrawal of the Iraqi Army from the Kurdistan Region in 1991, the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) was established, and ultimately recognized by the Iraqi government in 2005, granting the region a degree of self-governance. Iraqi Kurdistan remains a significant political and cultural entity within Iraq.
Freddie Hubbard
Frederick Dewayne Hubbard (April 7, 1938 – December 29, 2008) was an American jazz trumpeter. He played bebop, hard bop, and post-bop styles from the early 1960s onwards. His unmistakable and influential tone contributed to new perspectives for modern jazz and bebop.

Benny Golson
Benny Golson (January 25, 1929 – September 21, 2024) was an American bebop and hard bop jazz tenor saxophonist, composer, and arranger. He came to prominence with the big bands of Lionel Hampton and Dizzy Gillespie, more as a writer than a performer, before launching his solo career. Golson was known for co-founding and co-leading The Jazztet with trumpeter Art Farmer in 1959. From the late 1960s through the 1970s Golson was in demand as an arranger for film and television and thus was less active as a performer, but he and Farmer re-formed the Jazztet in 1982.

Many of Golson's compositions have become jazz standards, including "I Remember Clifford", "Blues March", "Stablemates", "Whisper Not", "Along Came Betty", and "Killer Joe". He is regarded as "one of the most significant contributors" to the development of hard bop jazz, and was a recipient of a Grammy Trustees Award in 2021.
Arn Anderson
Martin Anthony Lunde (born September 20, 1958), better known by his ring name Arn Anderson, is an American professional wrestling road agent, author, and retired professional wrestler. Although he is widely regarded as one of the greatest tag team wrestlers in history, he also had a successful singles career and became a four-time NWA/WCW World Television Champion, which he often called his "world title".

Anderson's career was highlighted by his alliances with Ric Flair and various members of the wrestling stable The Four Horsemen in the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) and World Championship Wrestling (WCW). After his retirement, he worked as a producer for WWE until 2019, when he joined All Elite Wrestling (AEW). On March 31, 2012, Anderson was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame as a member of the Four Horsemen. His son, Brock Anderson also pursued a career in professional wrestling.

Paul Orndorff
Paul Parlette Orndorff Jr. (October 29, 1949 – July 12, 2021), nicknamed "Mr. Wonderful", was an American professional wrestler and football player, best known for his appearances with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) and World Championship Wrestling (WCW).

After seven years working around the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), Orndorff became a star in the 1980s WWF wrestling boom, and featured with manager Bobby Heenan and champion Hulk Hogan extensively, including in the main events of the first WrestleMania and Survivor Series. He left the WWF for WCW in early 1990, where he won the WCW World Television Championship and the WCW World Tag Team Championship with Paul Roma (as a team called Pretty Wonderful).

Arm atrophy from a nagging injury led him to retire in 2000. After retiring, he trained aspiring wrestlers. Orndorff was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2005 and the National Wrestling Alliance Hall of Fame in 2009.
College of Wooster
The College of Wooster is a private liberal arts college in Wooster, Ohio, United States. Founded in 1866 by the Presbyterian Church as the University of Wooster, it has been officially non-sectarian since 1969. From its creation, the college has been a co-educational institution. It enrolls about 1,900 students and is a member of the Five Colleges of Ohio, Great Lakes Colleges Association, and Association of Presbyterian Colleges and Universities.

Ohio Wesleyan University
Ohio Wesleyan University (abbreviated OWU) is a private liberal arts college in Delaware, Ohio, United States. Founded in 1842 by Methodist leaders and central Ohio residents, OWU is a member of the Ohio Five – a consortium of Ohio liberal arts colleges. Its 200-acre (81 ha) campus is 27 miles (44 km) north of Columbus, Ohio and includes the main academic and residential campus, Perkins Observatory, and the Kraus Wilderness Preserve.
Petey Williams
Peter Williams III (born August 26, 1981) is a Canadian professional wrestler. He is signed to WWE as a backstage producer. He is best known for his time in Impact Wrestling, where he is a two-time X Division Champion. He is also known for his time in Lucha Libre USA (LLUSA), where he held the Tag Team Championship with Jon Rekon. He is known by his nickname "The Canadian Destroyer", a reference to Doug Chevalier (Scott D'amore's original mentor) and also the name of his front flip piledriver finishing move.

Cameron Grimes
Trevor Lee Caddell (born September 30, 1993) is an American professional wrestler. He is best known for his time in WWE as Cameron Grimes and in Impact Wrestling as Trevor Lee.

Caddell made his debut on the independent circuit in 2009 as Trevor Lee, most notably in Pro Wrestling Guerilla (PWG), where he was PWG Tag Team Champion with Andrew Everett. He signed with Impact Wrestling in 2015, where he stayed for the next 4 years, winning the Impact X Division Champion 3 times, and the TNA World Tag Team Champion once with Brian Myers. After leaving Impact, he signed with WWE and was assigned to NXT with the name Cameron Grimes. In WWE, he is a former NXT North American Champion and was the final Million Dollar Champion. He then joined the SmackDown brand in 2023 until his release from the company the next year 2024.
Laxative
Laxatives, purgatives, or aperients are substances that loosen stools and increase bowel movements. They are used to treat and prevent constipation.

Laxatives vary as to how they work and the side effects they may have. Certain stimulant, lubricant, and saline laxatives are used to evacuate the colon for rectal and bowel examinations, and may be supplemented by enemas under certain circumstances. Sufficiently high doses of laxatives may cause diarrhea. Some laxatives combine more than one active ingredient, and may be administered orally or rectally.

Castor oil
Castor oil is a vegetable oil pressed from castor beans, the seeds of the plant Ricinus communis. The seeds are 40 to 60 percent oil. It is a colourless or pale yellow liquid with a distinct taste and odor. Its boiling point is 313 °C (595 °F) and its density is 0.961 g/cm3. It includes a mixture of triglycerides in which about 90 percent of fatty acids are ricinoleates. Oleic acid and linoleic acid are the other significant components.

Some 270,000–360,000 tonnes (600×10^6–790×10^6 lb) of castor oil are produced annually for a variety of uses, including soaps, lubricants, hydraulic and brake fluids, paints, dyes, coatings, inks, cold-resistant plastics, waxes and polishes, nylon, and perfumes.
Barcelona Metro line 4
Line 4, often known as "Línia Groga" (Yellow line), is a rapid transit line of the Barcelona Metro network, operated by TMB and part of the ATM fare-integrated transport network.

Originally opened in 1973, Line 4's route follows an incomplete loop pattern, linking the heart of Barcelona to the districts of Horta-Guinardó and Nou Barris on one side and the neighborhoods of la Barceloneta and Poblenou on the other. Works are currently in progress to extend the line to the future Sagrera railway station and to La Sagrera rapid transit hub.

Barcelona Metro line 5
Line 5, often known as "Línia Blava" (Blue line), is a rapid transit line of the Barcelona Metro network, operated by TMB and part of the ATM fare-integrated transport network.

Originally opened in 1959, Line 5 crosses the north of L'Hospitalet de Llobregat and Barcelona's Eixample district, with its termini serving the municipality of Cornellà and the district of Horta-Guinardó.