hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Withers
Withers are the ridge between the shoulder blades of an animal, typically a quadruped. In many species, this ridge is the tallest point of the body. In horses and dogs, it is the standard place to measure the animal's height. In contrast, cattle are often measured to the top of the hips.

The term (pronounced /ˈwɪð.ərz/) derives from Old English wither ("against'), because the withers are the part of a draft animal that pushes against a  load.

Equine conformation
Equine conformation evaluates a horse's bone structure, musculature, and its body proportions in relation to each other. Undesirable conformation can limit the ability to perform a specific task.  Although there are several faults with universal disadvantages, a horse's conformation is usually judged according to its intended use. Thus "form to function" is one of the first set of traits considered in judging conformation.  A horse with poor form for a show jumper could have excellent conformation for a cutting horse or draft horse. Every horse has good and bad points of conformation and many horses excel even with conformation faults.
Threatened species
A threatened species is any species (including animals, plants and fungi) which is vulnerable to extinction in the near future. Species that are threatened are sometimes characterised by the population dynamics measure of critical depensation, a mathematical measure of biomass related to population growth rate. This quantitative metric is one method of evaluating the degree of endangerment without direct reference to human activity.

Habitat fragmentation
Habitat fragmentation describes the emergence of discontinuities (fragmentation) in an organism's preferred environment (habitat), causing population fragmentation and  ecosystem decay. Causes of habitat fragmentation include geological processes that slowly alter the layout of the physical environment (suspected of being one of the major causes of speciation), and human activity such as land conversion, which can alter the environment much faster and causes the population fluctuation of many species. More specifically, habitat fragmentation is a process by which large and contiguous habitats get divided into smaller, isolated patches of habitats.
Melbourne Victory FC (women)
Melbourne Victory Football Club is an Australian professional women's association football team affiliated with Melbourne Victory FC and Football Federation Victoria based in Melbourne, Victoria. Founded in 2008, the team is one of the representatives of Melbourne in Australia's top-tier domestic competition – the A-League Women.

The Club plays at two home grounds. The Club's primary home ground is the Home of The Matildas. The club also plays home games at the in double header matches before the men's team at the Melbourne Rectangular Stadium, currently known as AAMI Park for sponsorship purposes, a 30,050-seat stadium on Olympic Boulevard in Melbourne's city centre. The Victory has previously played its home matches at other stadiums throughout Melbourne and surrounding areas, including Lakeside Stadium, Docklands Stadium and CB Smith Reserve.

Western Sydney Wanderers FC (women)
Western Sydney Wanderers Football Club is an Australian women's football club based in the western region of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Founded in 2012, it is the affiliated women's team of the A-League Men team Western Sydney Wanderers. The team currently competes in the A-League Women, the top tier of women's soccer in Australia.
Marty Reasoner
Martin Ernest Reasoner (born February 26, 1977) is an American former professional ice hockey center who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the St. Louis Blues, Edmonton Oilers, Boston Bruins, Florida Panthers, Atlanta Thrashers and New York Islanders. He is currently in a player development coaching role within the New York Islanders organization.

2010 NHL entry draft
The 2010 NHL entry draft was the 48th entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held on June 25–26, 2010, at Staples Center in Los Angeles, California, the home arena of the Los Angeles Kings. This was the first time Los Angeles hosted the NHL entry draft. An unofficial record of eleven American-trained players were selected in the first round, starting with Jack Campbell and ending with Brock Nelson. The record was set in the 2006 and 2007 drafts, where ten U.S.-trained players were selected in the first round.

As of 2025 there are 38 active NHL players from this draft.
John Brearley
John Brearley (October 1875 – 1944) was an English football player and manager. He played as a forward for several clubs, most notably Millwall Athletic, Everton and Tottenham Hotspur. He was able to play in at least five outfield positions, but had a preference for playing inside-right. During the First World War he was interned at Ruhleben, a civilian detention camp in Germany.

Edwin Dutton
Edwin Dutton (8 April 1890 – 24 May 1972) was an Anglo-German footballer and coach. Dutton played as a forward for Britannia Berlin 92, BFC Preussen, Newcastle United and Germany. During the First World War he was interned at Ruhleben, a civilian detention camp in Germany. During the 1920s he managed Stuttgarter Kickers and became the first professional trainer at Ipswich Town.
St. Gallen
St. Gallen is a Swiss city and the capital of the canton of St. Gallen. It evolved from the hermitage of Saint Gall, founded in the 7th century. Today, it is a large urban agglomeration (with around 167,000 inhabitants in 2019) and represents the center of eastern Switzerland. Its economy consists mainly of the service sector. The city is home to the University of St. Gallen, one of the best business schools in Europe.

The main tourist attraction is the Abbey of Saint Gall, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Abbey's renowned library contains books from the 9th century. The official language of St. Gallen is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of Alemannic Swiss German. The city has good transport links to the rest of the country and to neighbouring Germany and Austria. It also functions as the gate to the Appenzellerland.

St. Margrethen
St. Margrethen (Sankt Margrethen, German pronunciation: [zaŋkt maʁˈɡʁeːtən],  lit. 'Saint Margrethen') is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Rheintal in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. It is located on the Swiss–Austrian border.
Ovule
In seed plants, the ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells. It consists of three parts: the integument, forming its outer layer, the nucellus (or remnant of the megasporangium), and the female gametophyte (formed from a haploid megaspore) in its center. The female gametophyte — specifically termed a megagametophyte — is also called the embryo sac in angiosperms. The megagametophyte produces an egg cell for the purpose of fertilization. The ovule is a small structure present in the ovary. It is attached to the placenta by a stalk called a funicle. The funicle provides nourishment to the ovule. On the basis of the relative position of micropyle, body of the ovule, chalaza and funicle, there are six types of ovules.

Glossary of botanical terms
This glossary of botanical terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to botany and plants in general. Terms of plant morphology are included here as well as at the more specific Glossary of plant morphology and Glossary of leaf morphology. For other related terms, see Glossary of phytopathology, Glossary of lichen terms, and List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names.
John Herschel
Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet KH FRS (/ˈhɜːrʃəl, ˈhɛər-/; 7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor and experimental photographer who invented the blueprint and did botanical work.

Herschel originated the use of the Julian day system in astronomy. He named seven moons of Saturn and four moons of Uranus – the seventh planet, discovered by his father Sir William Herschel. He made many contributions to the science of photography, and investigated colour blindness and the chemical power of ultraviolet rays. His Preliminary Discourse (1831), which advocated an inductive approach to scientific experiment and theory-building, was an important contribution to the philosophy of science.

John Louis Emil Dreyer
John Louis Emil Dreyer (13 February 1852 – 14 September 1926), also Johan Ludvig Emil Dreyer, was a Danish astronomer who spent most of his career working in Ireland.  He spent the last decade of his life in Oxford, England.
2022–23 Ligue 1
The 2022–23 Ligue 1, also known as Ligue 1 Uber Eats for sponsorship reasons, was the 85th season of the Ligue 1, France's premier football competition. It began on 5 August 2022 and concluded on 3 June 2023.

As the 2022 FIFA World Cup began on 20 November, the last round before the break was held on 12–13 November. The league subsequently resumed on 27 December. Four clubs were relegated to Ligue 2 at the end of the season as the number of clubs was reduced to 18 starting from the 2023–24 season. As a result, no play-offs were held at the end of the season, and this was the last season played with 20 teams.

Paris Saint-Germain were the defending champions, and they won a record-breaking eleventh title with one match to spare, following a 1–1 draw against Strasbourg on 27 May.

2023–24 Ligue 1
The 2023–24 Ligue 1, also known as Ligue 1 Uber Eats for sponsorship reasons, was the 86th season of the Ligue 1, France's premier football competition. The season began on 11 August 2023 and concluded on 19 May 2024. The relegation play-off was played on 30 May and 2 June 2024.

Paris Saint-Germain were the two-time defending champions, and mathematically secured a record-extending twelfth title with three matches to spare on 28 April 2024, following Monaco's 3–2 defeat against Lyon. It was also the club's tenth Ligue 1 title won in the last twelve seasons.

Ligue 1 reduced its number of teams from 20 to 18 starting with the 2023–24 season, resulting in a decrease in the number of matches per team from 38 to 34.
Xerography
Xerography (from the Greek roots ξηρός xeros, meaning "dry" and -‍γραφία -‍graphia, meaning "writing") is a technique of printing and photocopying. Originally called electrophotography, it was renamed to emphasize that it uses no liquid chemicals, unlike reproduction techniques then in use such as cyanotype.

Cel
A cel, short for celluloid, is a transparent sheet on which objects are drawn or painted for traditional, classical,  hand-drawn animation. Actual celluloid (consisting of cellulose nitrate and camphor) was used during the first half of the 20th century. Since it was flammable and dimensionally unstable, celluloid was largely replaced by cellulose acetate (cellulose diacetate and  cellulose triacetate) and polyester. With the advent of computer-assisted animation production (also known as digital ink and paint), the use of cels has become obsolete in major productions. Walt Disney Animation Studios stopped using cels in 1990, when Computer Animation Production System (CAPS) replaced this element in their animation process. In the next decade and a half, other  animation studios phased cels out as well in favor of digital ink and paint.
GPT-4
Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4) is a large language model developed by OpenAI and the fourth in its series of GPT foundation models.

GPT-4 is more capable than its predecessor GPT-3.5 and followed by its successor GPT-5. GPT-4V is a version of GPT-4 that can process images in addition to text. OpenAI has not revealed technical details and statistics about GPT-4, such as the precise size of the model.

An early version of GPT-4 was integrated by Microsoft into Bing Chat, launched in February 2023. GPT-4 was released in ChatGPT in March 2023, and removed in 2025. GPT-4 is still available in OpenAI's API.

Gemini (language model)
Gemini is a family of multimodal large language models (LLMs) developed by Google DeepMind, and the successor to LaMDA and PaLM 2. Comprising Gemini Pro, Gemini Deep Think, Gemini Flash, and Gemini Flash Lite, it was announced on December 6, 2023. It powers the chatbot of the same name.
Electrode
An electrode is an electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit (e.g. a semiconductor, an electrolyte, a vacuum or a gas). In electrochemical cells, electrodes are essential parts that can consist of a variety of materials (chemicals) depending on the type of cell.  An electrode may be called either a cathode or anode according to the direction of the electric current, unrelated to the potential difference between electrodes.

Michael Faraday coined the term "electrode" in 1833; the word recalls the Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron, "amber") and ὁδός (hodós, "path, way").

The electrophore, invented by Johan Wilcke in 1762, was an early version of an electrode used to study static electricity.

High voltage
High voltage is an electrical potential large enough to cause injury or damage. In certain industries, high voltage refers to voltage above a nominal threshold. Equipment and conductors that carry high voltage warrant special safety requirements and procedures.

High voltage is used in electrical power distribution, in cathode-ray tubes, to generate X-rays and particle beams, to produce electrical arcs, for ignition, in photomultiplier tubes, and in high-power amplifier vacuum tubes, as well as other industrial, military and scientific applications.
Bouchain
Bouchain (French pronunciation: [buʃɛ̃] ⓘ; West Flemish: Boesem) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

It lies halfway between Cambrai and Valenciennes. Bouchain, seat of the early medieval County of Ostrevent, was taken by Arnulf I, Count of Flanders, in the 10th century and eventually subsumed into the County of Hainaut.

During the War of the Spanish Succession, when the town was fortified, Bouchain was besieged twice. On 12 September 1711 it was seized from the French after a 34 day siege by the Grand Alliance led by the Duke of Marlborough. It was again besieged, and recaptured by French forces, on 19 October 1712 after an 18 day siege.

Le Quesnoy
Le Quesnoy (French pronunciation: [lə kenwa]; Picard: L' Kénoé) is a commune and small town in the east of the Nord department of northern France. It was part of the historical province of French Hainaut.  It is known for its fortifications, dating from the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. It had a significant shoemaking industry before the late 1940s, followed by a chemical factory and dairy, giving way to its weekly market, tourism, local commuting to elsewhere such as Valenciennes and local shops.

Le Quesnoy's inhabitants are known as Quercitains.
Oracle Corporation
Oracle Corporation is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Austin, Texas. Co-founded in Santa Clara, California by Bob Miner, Ed Oates, and current chairman of the board and chief technology officer, Larry Ellison in 1977, Oracle is among the 20 largest companies in the world by market cap, and ranked 66th on the Forbes Global 2000 as of 2025.

The company sells database software (particularly the Oracle Database), enterprise applications, and cloud infrastructure and hardware. Oracle's core application software is a suite of enterprise software products, including enterprise resource planning (ERP), human capital management (HCM), customer relationship management (CRM), enterprise performance management (EPM), Customer Experience Commerce (CX Commerce) and supply chain management (SCM) software.

Panasonic
Panasonic Holdings Corporation is a Japanese multinational electronics manufacturer, headquartered in Kadoma, Osaka, Japan. It was founded in 1918 as Matsushita Electric Housewares Manufacturing Works in the Fukushima ward of Osaka by Kōnosuke Matsushita. The company was incorporated in 1935 and renamed Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., and changed its name to Panasonic Corporation in 2008. In 2022, it reorganized as a holding company and adopted its current name.

In addition to consumer electronics, for which it was the world's largest manufacturer in the late 20th century, Panasonic produces a wide range of products and services, including rechargeable batteries, automotive and avionic systems, industrial equipment, as well as home renovation and construction. The company is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the Nikkei 225 and TOPIX 100 indices, with a secondary listing on the Nagoya Stock Exchange.
Top 40
In the music industry, the Top 40 is a list of the 40 currently most popular songs in a particular genre. It is the best-selling or most frequently broadcast popular music. Record charts have traditionally consisted of a total of 40 songs. "Top 40" or "contemporary hit radio" is also a radio format.

Hot Hits
Hot Hits was a radio format created by consultant Mike Joseph in the 1970s. That concept, which helped spur the birth of what is now known as CHR, also revitalized the Top 40 format and would play a role in bringing the format to the FM band throughout the 1980s.

The concept was to play only the current hits on the Top 30 (or Top 50 on some stations) and no recurrents (that is, recent hits which had already finished their run on the charts) or oldies whatsoever (unless they happened to be cuts on current chart albums).
Montana Highway 200
Montana Highway 200 (MT 200) in the U.S. state of Montana is a route running east–west, across the entire state of Montana. From the starting point at ID 200, near Heron, the highway runs east to ND 200 near Fairview. It is part of a chain of state highways numbered 200 that extend from Idaho across Montana, North Dakota, and Minnesota, totaling approximately 1,356 miles (2,182 km) long. At 706.272 mi (1,136.635 km), Montana Highway 200 is also the longest route signed as a state highway in the United States. Highway 200 helps to connect many small towns located in central Montana and the vast plains area of eastern Montana, to larger western Montana cities such as Great Falls and Missoula.

U.S. Route 12 in Montana
U.S. Highway 12 (US 12) is an east–west United States Numbered Highway in the state of Montana. It extends approximately 597.576 miles (961.705 km) from the Idaho state line east to the North Dakota state line, the greatest distance that US 12 traverses through any state.

US 12 in Montana has been defined as the Lewis and Clark Highway despite not being the route followed by Lewis and Clark across the state.
Cedar Key, Florida
Cedar Key is a city in Levy County, Florida, United States.  As of the 2020 census, its population was 687, down from 702 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Gainesville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Cedar Keys are a cluster of islands near the mainland. Most of the developed area for the city of Cedar Key has been on Way Key since the end of the 19th century. The Cedar Keys are named for the eastern red cedar Juniperus virginiana, once abundant in the area.

The city was impacted by Hurricane Helene on September 26, 2024, which caused a 10-foot storm surge that broke the record set during Hurricane Idalia in August 2023.

Fernandina Beach, Florida
Fernandina Beach is a city in and the county seat of Nassau County, Florida, United States, in the state's northeastern corner. It is the northernmost city on Florida's Atlantic coast, situated on Amelia Island, and is one of the municipalities comprising Greater Jacksonville (formally the Jacksonville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area).

As of the 2020 census, Fernandina Beach had a population of 13,052.
Odysseus
In Greek and Roman mythology, Odysseus (/əˈdɪsiəs/ ⓘ; Ancient Greek: Ὀδυσσεύς, Ὀδυσεύς, romanized: Odysseús, Odyseús, IPA: [o.dy(s).sěu̯s]), also known by the Latin variant Ulysses (/juːˈlɪsiːz/, UK also /ˈjuːlɪsiːz/; Latin: Ulysses, Ulixes), is a legendary Greek king of Ithaca and the hero of Homer's epic poem, the Odyssey. Odysseus also plays a key role in Homer's Iliad and other works in that same epic cycle.

As the son of Laërtes and Anticlea, husband of Penelope, and father of Telemachus, Acusilaus, and Telegonus, Odysseus is renowned for his intellectual brilliance, guile, and versatility (polytropos), and he is thus known by the epithet Odysseus the Cunning (Ancient Greek: μῆτις, romanized: mêtis, lit. 'cunning intelligence'). He is most famous for his nostos, or "homecoming", which took him ten eventful years after the decade-long Trojan War.

Priam
In Greek mythology, Priam (/ˈpraɪ.əm/; Ancient Greek: Πρίαμος, pronounced [prí.amos]) was the legendary and last king of Troy during the Trojan War. He was the son of Laomedon. His many children included notable characters such as Hector, Paris, and Cassandra.
Torna County
Torna (Slovak: Turňa, Latin and Hungarian: Torna, German: Tornau) is the name of a historic administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. It was located in present-day southeastern Slovakia and northern Hungary; today Turňa is only an informal designation of the corresponding territory in Slovakia. It was primarily a large estate consisting of royal forest lands.

The initially large county was one of the original counties in the Kingdom of Hungary, but was gradually reduced to a territory corresponding to a small territory around the Turňa River (Hungarian: Torna-patak). The capital of the county was Turňa Castle (Hungarian: Tornai vár), later the town of Turňa nad Bodvou (Hungarian: Torna).

From 1785 to 1790, 1848–1859, and ultimately in 1882 it was merged with the county Abov to form the county Abaúj-Torna (Abov-Turňa).

Borsod County
Borsod was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. The capital of the county was Miskolc. After World War II, the county was merged with the Hungarian parts of Abaúj-Torna County and Zemplén counties to form Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county.
Hitchin Town F.C.
Hitchin Town Football Club is an English semi-professional football club based in Hitchin, Hertfordshire. They are currently members of the Southern League Division One Central. Founded in 1865 and known as 'The Canaries', Hitchin Town have been based at Top Field since their foundation, and claim lineage from the defunct Hitchin Football Club, formed in 1865 and liquidated in 1911.

The club have played in a number of local leagues, starting off in the Spartan League before moving to first the Athenian League in 1939, then the Isthmian League in 1963 and finally the Southern League in 2004. Their most recent league honour has been the Southern League Division One Central, finishing play-off winners in 2010–11, their second season in the competition.

Arlesey Town F.C.
Arlesey Town Football Club is a football club based in Arlesey, Bedfordshire, England. Affiliated to the Bedfordshire County Football Association, they are currently members of the Spartan South Midlands League Premier Division and play at New Lamb Meadow.