hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mill town
A mill town, also known as factory town or mill village, is a community that developed around one or more textile or other industrial mills, where the local economy centered on mill production and company owners typically provided housing, stores, schools, and other services to support workers and their families. Emerging prominently during the early 19th-century Industrial Revolution, mill towns harnessed water power from rivers to mechanize textile manufacturing, initially concentrating in New England before expanding southward, where they eclipsed northern production by the 1920s through lower labor costs and abundant resources. These towns featured a paternalistic social structure, with mill corporations exerting broad influence over daily life to ensure labor stability and productivity, fostering economic booms that built infrastructure but also vulnerability to market fluctuations, technological changes, and eventual deindustrialization.

Textile manufacturing
Textile manufacturing or textile engineering is a major industry. It is largely based on the conversion of fibre into yarn, then yarn into fabric. These are then dyed or printed, fabricated into cloth which is then converted into useful goods such as clothing, household items, upholstery and various industrial products.

Different types of fibres are used to produce yarn. Cotton remains the most widely used and common natural fiber making up 90% of all-natural fibers used in the textile industry. People often use cotton clothing and accessories because of comfort, not limited to different weathers. There are many variable processes available at the spinning and fabric-forming stages coupled with the complexities of the finishing and colouration processes to the production of a wide range of products.
City Circle tram
The City Circle (Melbourne tram route 35) is a zero-fare tram running around the Melbourne central business district in Australia. Running along the city centre's outermost thoroughfares the route passes many Melbourne attractions including Parliament House, the Old Treasury Building and the developing Docklands waterfront precinct. Since October 2023, it operates in a clockwise direction only.

Melbourne tram route 30
Melbourne tram route 30 is a tram route on the Melbourne tramway network serving the city of Melbourne in Victoria, Australia. Operated by Yarra Trams, the route is coloured violet and extends from St Vincent's Plaza to Central Pier over 2.9-kilometre (1.8 mi) of double track via Victoria Street and La Trobe Street. It is serviced out of Southbank depot utilising A and E class trams.
Biogen
Biogen Inc. is an American multinational biotechnology company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States specializing in the treatment of neurological diseases. The company's primary products are dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera), diroximel fumarate (Vumerity), interferon beta-1a (AVONEX), peginterferon beta-1a (Plegridy), and natalizumab (Tysabri), all for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (collectively 45% of 2024 revenues); nusinersen (Spinraza) for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (16.2% of 2024 revenues); omaveloxolone (Skyclarys) for the treatment of Friedreich's ataxia (4.0% of 2024 revenues); tofersen (Qalsody) for the treatment of ALS; and dimethyl fumarate (Fumaderm) for the treatment of severe plaque psoriasis. The company also produces 5 biosimilars (8.2% of 2024 revenues) and has collaborations with Genentech for several drugs (18.1% of 2024 revenues).

The company is ranked 424th on the Fortune 500 and 845th on the Forbes Global 2000.

Eisai (company)
Eisai Co., Ltd. (Japanese: エーザイ株式会社, Hepburn: Ēzai Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese pharmaceutical company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. It has some 10,000 employees, among them about 1,500 in research. Eisai is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a member of the Topix 100 and Nikkei 225 stock indices.
Aurora (province)
Aurora, officially the Province of Aurora (Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Aurora; Ilocano: Probinsia ti Aurora; Spanish: Provincia de Aurora), is a province in the Philippines located in the eastern part of Central Luzon region, facing the Philippine Sea. Its capital is Baler and borders, clockwise from the south, the provinces of Quezon, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino, and Isabela. Maria Aurora is the only landlocked town in the province and yet, the most populous. It is the only province in Central Luzon that has no chartered cities.

Before 1979, Aurora was part of the province of Quezon. The province was named after Aurora Aragon, the wife of Manuel L. Quezon, the president of the Philippine Commonwealth, after whom the mother province was named.

Polillo Islands
The Polillo Islands is a group of about 27 islands in the Philippine Sea lying about 25 km (16 mi) to the east of the Philippine island of Luzon. It is separated from the mainland Luzon Island by the Polillo Strait and forms the northern side of Lamon Bay. The islands are part of the province of Quezon in the Calabarzon region of the Philippines. The combined land area of all the islands is about 875 square kilometers making Polillo islands even larger than the island city-state of Singapore.
NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series
The  NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series (NOAPS) is a stock car racing series organized by NASCAR. It is the company's second national division, behind the NASCAR Cup Series and in front of NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series. NOAPS events are frequently held as a support race on the day prior to a Cup Series event scheduled for that weekend.

The series was previously called the Budweiser Late Model Sportsman Series in 1982 and 1983, the NASCAR Busch Grand National Series from 1984 through 2002, the NASCAR Busch Series from 2003 through 2007, the NASCAR Nationwide Series from 2008 through 2014, and the NASCAR Xfinity Series from 2015 to 2025. Under the Xfinity name, it was sponsored by Comcast via its consumer cable and wireless brand. O'Reilly Auto Parts assumed title sponsorship in 2026.

Reed Sorenson
Bradley Reed Sorenson (born February 5, 1986) is an American former professional stock car racing driver and spotter. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 27 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 1LE for Premium Motorsports, the Nos. 74/77 Camaro for Spire Motorsports, and the No. 7 Camaro for Tommy Baldwin Racing. As of 2024, he works as a spotter for Kaulig Racing's No. 11 of Josh Williams in the NASCAR Xfinity Series. Sorenson began competing in NASCAR in 2004 as a Busch Series driver; he has four wins in the series. His first Cup start came in 2005 before moving to a full schedule the following year.
Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto
Gilbert John Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto (/kɪˈnɪnmənd/; 9 July 1845 – 1 March 1914), known as Viscount Melgund by courtesy from 1859 to 1891, was a British peer and politician who served as Governor General of Canada from 1898 to 1904, and Viceroy of India from 1905 to 1910.

Lady Violet Astor
Violet Astor, Baroness Astor of Hever DStJ (née Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound; 28 May 1889 – 3 January 1965), styled Lady Charles Fitzmaurice between 1909 and 1914 and Lady Charles Mercer Nairne between 1914 and 1918, was an English aristocrat.
Bursera simaruba
Bursera simaruba, commonly known as gumbo-limbo, the tourist tree, copperwood, almácigo, chaca, West Indian birch, naked Indian, and turpentine tree, is a tree species in the family Burseraceae, native to the Neotropics, from South Florida to Mexico and the Caribbean to Brazil, Nicaragua, and Venezuela. Bursera simaruba is prevalent in the Petenes mangroves ecoregion of the Yucatán, where it is a subdominant plant species to the mangroves. In the United States, specimens may be found in the Gulf of Mexico along the western coast of Florida.

Swietenia mahagoni
Swietenia mahagoni, commonly known as American mahogany, Cuban mahogany, small-leaved mahogany, and West Indian mahogany, is a species of Swietenia native to the broader Caribbean bioregion. It is the species from which the original mahogany wood was produced. Mahogany is grown as a plantation tree and sold in timber markets in Kerala, India. Swietenia mahagoni is listed as "Threatened" in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. It is the national tree of the Dominican Republic.
Quebec Liberal Party
The Quebec Liberal Party (QLP; French: Parti libéral du Québec [paʁti libeʁal dy kebɛk], PLQ) is a provincial political party in Quebec. It has been independent of the federal Liberal Party of Canada since 1955.

The QLP has traditionally supported a form of Quebec federalist ideology with nuanced Canadian nationalist tones that supports Quebec remaining within the Canadian federation, while also supporting reforms that would allow substantial autonomism in Quebec. In the context of federal Canadian politics, it is a more centrist party when compared to Conservative and Liberal parties in other provinces, such as the former British Columbia Liberal Party.

Laval, Quebec
Laval is a city in Quebec, Canada. It is in the southwest of the province, north of Montreal. It is the largest suburb of Montreal, the third-largest city in the province after Montreal and Quebec City, and the thirteenth largest city in Canada, with a population of 443,192 in 2021.

Laval is geographically separated from the mainland to the north by the Rivière des Mille Îles, and from the Island of Montreal to the south by the Rivière des Prairies. Laval occupies all of Île Jésus as well as the Îles Laval.

Laval constitutes one of the 17 administrative regions of Quebec, with a region code of 13, as well as a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) with geographical code 65. It also constitutes the judicial district of Laval. It is the smallest administrative region in the province by area.
Province of Pordenone
The province of Pordenone (Italian: provincia di Pordenone; Friulian: provincie di Pordenon; Venetian: provincia de Pordenon) was a province in the autonomous region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy, subdivided from the province of Udine in 1968. Its capital was the city of Pordenone. The province was abolished on 30 September 2017; it was reestablished in 2019 as the regional decentralization entity of Pordenone (Italian: ente di decentramento regionale di Pordenone; Friulian: ent di decentrament regjonâl di Pordenon), and was reactivated on 1 July 2020. It has a total population of 312,794 inhabitants.

Province of Trieste
The province of Trieste (Italian: provincia di Trieste) is a province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Trieste. It has a population of 227,792 in an area of 212 square kilometres (82 mi2). It has a coastal length of 48.1 kilometres (29.9 mi). Abolished in 2017, it was reestablished in 2019 as the regional decentralization entity of Trieste (Italian: ente di decentramento regionale di Trieste; Slovene: enota deželne decentralizacije Trst; Friulian: ent di decentrament regjonâl di Triest), and was reactivated on 1 July 2020.

The province contains 6 municipalities (comuni). It is the smallest province in Italy by area, and its land area is much smaller than large Italian cities.
Michael Nader
Michael Nader (February 19, 1945 – August 23, 2021) was an American actor, known for his roles as Dex Dexter on the ABC primetime soap opera Dynasty from 1983 to 1989 and Dimitri Marick on the ABC daytime soap opera All My Children from 1991 to 2001 and in 2013. He also starred as Kevin Thompson on the soap opera As the World Turns from 1975 to 1978.

List of Dynasty (1981 TV series) characters
Dynasty is an American prime time television soap opera that aired on ABC from January 12, 1981, to May 11, 1989. The series, created by Richard and Esther Shapiro and produced by Aaron Spelling, revolves around the Carringtons, a wealthy family residing in Denver, Colorado. Dynasty stars John Forsythe as oil magnate Blake Carrington, Linda Evans as his new wife Krystle, and later Joan Collins as his former wife Alexis. A two-part miniseries, Dynasty: The Reunion, aired in October 1991.
Oxford
Oxford (/ˈɒksfərd/ ⓘ) is a cathedral city and non-metropolitan district in Oxfordshire, England, of which it is the county town.

The city is home to the University of Oxford, the oldest university in the English-speaking world; it has buildings in every style of English architecture since late Anglo-Saxon. Oxford's industries include motor manufacturing, education, publishing, science, and information technologies.

Founded in the 8th century, it was granted city status in 1542. The city is located at the confluence of the rivers Thames (locally known as the Isis) and Cherwell. It had a population of 166,034 in 2024. It is 56 miles (90 km) north-west of London, 64 miles (103 km) south-east of Birmingham and 61 miles (98 km) north-east of Bristol.

Siege of Oxford
The siege of Oxford comprised the English Civil War military campaigns waged to besiege the Royalist controlled city of Oxford, involving three short engagements over twenty-five months, which ended with a Parliamentarian victory in June 1646.

The first engagement was in May 1644, during which King Charles I escaped, thus preventing a formal siege. The second, in May 1645, had barely started when Sir Thomas Fairfax was given orders to stop and pursue the King to Naseby instead. The last siege began in May 1646 and was a formal siege of two months; but the war was obviously over and negotiation, rather than fighting, took precedence. Being careful not to inflict too much damage on the city, Fairfax even sent in food to the King's second son, James, and was happy to conclude the siege with an honourable agreement before any further escalation occurred.
Finnmark
Finnmark (Norwegian: [ˈfɪ̀nːmɑrk] ⓘ; Northern Sami: Finnmárku [ˈfinːˌmaːrːhkuː]; Kven: Finmarkku; Finnish: Finnmarkin lääni; Russian: Финнмарк) is a county in northern Norway. By land, it borders Troms county to the west, Finland's Lapland region to the south, and Russia's Murmansk Oblast to the east, and by water, the Norwegian Sea (Atlantic Ocean) to the northwest, and the Barents Sea (Arctic Ocean) to the north and northeast.

The county was formerly known as Finmarkens amt or Vardøhus amt. Since 2002, it has had two official names: Finnmark (Norwegian) and Finnmárku (Northern Sami). It is part of the Sápmi region, which spans four countries, as well as the Barents Region, and is Norway's second-largest and least populous county.

In January 2020, Finnmark merged with the neighbouring county of Troms to form Troms og Finnmark county. In January 2024, the counties of Finnmark and Troms were restored after parliament decided in June 2022 to separate them.

Vardøya
Vardøya (Norwegian), Várggáidsuolu (Northern Sami), or Vuoreansaari (Kven) is an island in Vardø Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The 3.7-square-kilometre (1.4 sq mi) island is the location of the town of Vardø. The island sits about 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) east of the mainland Varanger Peninsula. The island is connected to the mainland by the Vardø Tunnel, the first subsea tunnel that was built in Norway. The tunnel is part of the European route E75 highway, which has its terminus at the town of Vardø. The small island of Hornøya (where the Vardø Lighthouse sits) is 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) to the northeast of Vardøya.
Cardiff Queen Street railway station
Cardiff Queen Street railway station (Welsh: Caerdydd Heol y Frenhines) is a railway station serving the north and east of Central Cardiff, Wales. It is the fourth busiest railway station in Wales. It is located near the major thoroughfare of Queen Street and is one of 20 stations in the city. Along with Cardiff Central, it is one of the two major hubs of the Valleys & Cardiff Local Routes local rail network. The station and its services are run by Transport for Wales.

In 2014, a reconstruction of the station was completed in order to reduce bottlenecks. Two extra platforms were put in (a previously existing platform, opposite platform 4, and a new platform next to platform 2 for the line to Cardiff Bay), taking the total number of platforms to 5.

Barry Island railway station
Barry Island railway station is a railway station, 9+1⁄4 miles (14.9 km) south-west of Cardiff Central, serving Barry Island (Welsh: Ynys y Barri) in South Wales. The station has been the terminus – and only remaining active station at the end of the Barry branch of the Cardiff Central to Barry Island line since the closure of Barry Pier station in 1976, the last passenger working through Barry Island tunnel to the Pier station being an enthusiasts' special in 1973. Previous to that year, only a few revenue-earning workings to meet up with the former P&A Campbell's paddle-steamer trips to Weston-super-Mare or other Somerset/Devon havens, were made following May 1964.

Passenger services, operated by Transport for Wales as part of the Valley Lines network, currently use the first half of platform 1.
Kamehameha IV
Kamehameha IV (Alekanetero ʻIolani Kalanikualiholiho Maka o ʻIouli Kūnuiākea o Kūkāʻilimoku; anglicized as Alexander Liholiho) (February 9, 1834 – November 30, 1863), reigned as the fourth monarch of Hawaii under the title Ke Aliʻi o ko Hawaiʻi Pae ʻAina of the Kingdom of Hawaii from January 11, 1855, to November 30, 1863.

Legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom
The Legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom (Hawaiian: ʻAhaʻōlelo o ke Aupuni o Hawaiʻi) was the bicameral (later unicameral) legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom. A royal legislature was first provided by the 1840 Constitution and the 1852 Constitution was the first to use the term Legislature of the Hawaiian Islands, and the first to subject the monarch to certain democratic principles. Prior to this the monarchs ruled under a Council of Chiefs (ʻAha Aliʻi).
Anatole France
Anatole France (French: [anatɔl fʁɑ̃s]; born François-Anatole Thibault [frɑ̃swa anatɔl tibo]; 16 April 1844 – 12 October 1924) was a French poet, journalist, and novelist with several best-sellers. Ironic and skeptical, he was considered in his day the ideal French man of letters. He was a member of the Académie Française, and won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Literature "in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements, characterized as they are by a nobility of style, a profound human sympathy, grace, and a true Gallic temperament".

France is also widely believed to be the model for narrator Marcel's literary idol Bergotte in Marcel Proust's In Search of Lost Time.

Maurice Maeterlinck
Maurice Polydore Marie Bernard Maeterlinck (29 August 1862 – 6 May 1949), also known as Count/Comte Maeterlinck from 1932, was a Belgian playwright, poet, and essayist who was Flemish but wrote in French. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1911 "in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities, and especially of his dramatic works, which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy, which reveals, sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale, a deep inspiration, while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations". The main themes in his work are death and the meaning of life. He was a leading member of the group La Jeune Belgique, and his plays form an important part of the Symbolist movement. In later life, Maeterlinck faced credible accusations of plagiarism.
Tuchola County
Tuchola County (Polish: powiat tucholski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Tuchola, which lies 55 km (34 mi) north of Bydgoszcz and 81 km (50 mi) north-west of Toruń.

The county covers an area of 1,075.27 square kilometres (415.2 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 48,329 out of which the population of Tuchola is 13,621 and the rural population is 34,708.

The county contains most of the protected area called Tuchola Landscape Park.

Sępólno County
Sępólno County (Polish: powiat sępoleński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Sępólno Krajeńskie, which lies 49 km (30 mi) north-west of Bydgoszcz and 86 km (53 mi) north-west of Toruń. The county also contains the towns of Więcbork, lying 11 km (7 mi) south of Sępólno Krajeńskie, and Kamień Krajeński, 10 km (6 mi) north of Sępólno Krajeńskie.

The county covers an area of 790.86 square kilometres (305.4 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 41,055, out of which the population of Sępólno Krajeńskie is 9,091, that of Więcbork is 5,950, that of Kamień Krajeński is 2,390, and the rural population is 23,624.
Uncial 030
Uncial 030 or Codex Nanianus is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament Gospels, written on parchment. It is designated by the siglum U or 030 in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts, and ε 90 in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it has been assigned to the 9th century CE. The manuscript has complex contents, with full marginalia (see picture).

The text of the codex usually follows the majority of New Testament manuscripts, but has some variants which represent the Alexandrian tradition. The manuscript is rarely cited in the present critical editions of the Greek New Testament.

Codex Seidelianus II
Codex Seidelianus II designated by He or 013 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 88 (von Soden), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the four Gospels, dated palaeographically to the 9th century. The manuscript is lacunose.
Digital Performer
Digital Performer is a digital audio workstation and music sequencer software package published by Mark of the Unicorn (MOTU) of Cambridge, Massachusetts for the Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows platforms.

REAPER
REAPER (Rapid Environment for Audio Production, Engineering, and Recording) is a digital audio workstation, MIDI sequencer, and video editing software application created by Cockos. The current version is available for Microsoft Windows (XP and newer), macOS (10.5 and newer), and Linux. REAPER is capable of processing industry-standard audio and video media formats and is a compatible host for 32-bit and 64-bit plug-in formats such as VST and AU.
Demographics of Cambodia
Demographic features of the population of Cambodia include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Demographics of Vietnam
Demographic features of the population of Vietnam include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Ethnic Vietnamese, or the Viet people (known officially as Kinh), mostly live in the lowlands and speak Vietnamese, while other ethnic groups also speak a variety of languages; together, these communities contribute to the country's diverse demographic composition. Originating in northern Vietnam, the Viet gradually pushed southward and make up much of Vietnam's political landscape. A Vietnamese diaspora can also be found worldwide.

Vietnam's population reached just over 100 million in 2023, making it the 15th largest country by population in the world. It is predicted that by 2035, Vietnam will become an aged society.