hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a heraldic visual design on an escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the last two being outer garments), originating in Europe. The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central element of the full heraldic achievement, which in its whole consists of a shield, supporters, a crest, and a motto. A coat of arms is traditionally unique to the armiger (e.g. an individual person, family, state, organization, school or corporation). The term "coat of arms" itself, describing in modern times just the heraldic design, originates from the description of the entire medieval chainmail "surcoat" garment used in combat or preparation for the latter.

Rolls of arms are collections of many coats of arms, and since the early Modern Age centuries, they have been a source of information for public showing and tracing the membership of a noble family, and therefore its genealogy across time.

Coat of arms of England
The coat of arms of England is the coat of arms historically used as arms of dominion by the monarchs of the Kingdom of England, and now used to symbolise England generally. The arms were adopted c.1200 by the Plantagenet kings and continued to be used by successive English and British monarchs; they are currently quartered with the arms of Scotland and Ireland in the coat of arms of the United Kingdom. Historically they were also quartered with the arms of France, representing the English claim to the French throne, and Hanover.

The arms continue to be used in heraldry to represent England, for example in the arms of Canada, although they rarely appear in isolation in royal or government contexts. They have also been adapted by English sporting bodies, forming the basis of the coat of arms of the Football Association, the logo of the England and Wales Cricket Board, England Hockey and England Boxing.
Stolon
In biology, a stolon (/ˈstoʊlɒn/ ⓘ from Latin stolō, genitive stolōnis – "branch"), also known as a runner, is a horizontal connection between parts of an organism. It may be part of the organism, or of its skeleton. Typically, animal stolons are exoskeletons (external skeletons).

Glossary of botanical terms
This glossary of botanical terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to botany and plants in general. Terms of plant morphology are included here as well as at the more specific Glossary of plant morphology and Glossary of leaf morphology. For other related terms, see Glossary of phytopathology, Glossary of lichen terms, and List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names.
Gmina Sztabin
Gmina Sztabin is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Augustów County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Sztabin, which lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) south-east of Augustów and 63 km (39 mi) north of the regional capital Białystok.

The gmina covers an area of 361.8 square kilometres (139.7 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 5,079.

Podlaskie Voivodeship
Podlaskie Voivodeship (Polish: województwo podlaskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ pɔˈdlaskʲɛ] ⓘ) is a voivodeship in northeastern Poland. The name of the voivodeship refers to the historical region of Podlachia (in Polish, Podlasie), and significant part of its territory corresponds to that region. The capital and largest city is Białystok.

It borders the Masovian Voivodeship to the west, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship to the northwest, Lublin Voivodeship to the south, Belarus to the east, and Lithuania to the northeast.

The voivodeship was created on 1 January 1999, pursuant to the Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998, from the former Białystok and Łomża Voivodeships and the eastern half of the former Suwałki Voivodeship.
TSM (esports)
TSM (initialism derived from the previous name Team SoloMid) is a professional esports organization based in the United States. It was co-founded in September 2009 by the brothers of Andy "Reginald" Dinh and Dan Dinh. TSM currently fields players in Apex Legends, Counter-Strike 2, Dota 2, Fortnite, PUBG: Battlegrounds, Rocket League, Guilty Gear Strive, Super Smash Bros., Halo Infinite,  and The Finals.

TSM's League of Legends team won seven of the total sixteen splits of North America's League of Legends Championship Series (LCS).

Envy (esports)
Envy (stylized as ENVY), formerly Team Envy, is an American esports franchise based in Dallas, Texas. Founded in 2007 as a professional Call of Duty team under the moniker Team EnVyUs, they fielded rosters in Counter-Strike, FIFA, Fortnite, Gears of War, Halo, League of Legends, Chess, Magic: the Gathering, Overwatch, Paladins, PUBG, Rocket League, SMITE, StarCraft, Super Smash Bros., Street Fighter and Valorant in their original form. Following the merger between Envy Gaming and OpTic Gaming, Envy Gaming retired the Team Envy brand in June 2022, shifting all of them to the OpTic Gaming moniker.

On January 17, 2025, Mike "Hastr0" Rufail announced that he re-acquired the Team Envy name, as well as associated trademarks, from OpTic, reviving the franchise as ENVY. Envy has since entered Apex Legends, Marvel Rivals, The Finals and Rainbow Six Siege X, as well as re-entering Halo, Super Smash Bros. and Valorant (currently as members of the Valorant Champions Tour (VCT) Americas).
Pisa
Pisa (/ˈpiːzə/ PEE-zə; Italian: [ˈpiːza] ⓘ or [ˈpiːsa]) is a city and comune (municipality) in Tuscany, Central Italy, straddling the Arno just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa. Although Pisa is known worldwide for the Leaning Tower of Pisa, the city contains more than twenty other historic churches, and several medieval and Renaissance palaces, mostly facing each other on the avenues along the Arno ("Lungarno"). Much of the city's architecture was financed from its history as one of the Italian maritime republics.

The city is also home to the University of Pisa, which has a history going back to the 12th century, the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, founded by Napoleon in 1810, and its offshoot, the Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies.

Medieval commune
Medieval communes in the European Middle Ages had sworn allegiances of mutual defense (both physical defense and of traditional freedoms) among the citizens of a town or city. These took many forms and varied widely in organization and makeup.

Communes are first recorded in the late 11th and early 12th centuries, thereafter becoming a widespread phenomenon. They had greater development in central-northern Italy, where they became city-states based on partial democracy. At the same time in Germany they became free cities, independent from local nobility.
Roma, Queensland
Roma is a rural town and locality in the Maranoa Region, Queensland, Australia. It is the administrative centre of the Maranoa Region. The town was incorporated in 1867 and is named after Lady Diamantina Bowen (née di Roma), the wife of Sir George Bowen, the Governor of Queensland at the time. In the 2021 census, the locality of Roma had a population of 6,838 people.

Cunnamulla
Cunnamulla (/kʌnəˈmʌlə/) is a town and a locality in the Shire of Paroo, Queensland, Australia. It is 199 kilometres (124 mi) south of Charleville, and approximately 750 kilometres (470 mi) west of the state capital, Brisbane. In the 2021 census, the locality of Cunnamulla had a population of 1,233.
Gateway Tower (Cubao)
The Gateway Tower is a 31-storey mixed use skyscraper located in the Araneta City at Quezon City. The tower was named after the adjacent Gateway Mall and serves as the headquarters of the Araneta Group and its subsidiaries, replacing the Aurora Tower since 2014. Moreover, the tower sits on a rectangular lot located along General Aguinaldo Avenue and features retail and electronics stores, dining outlets, hair salons, office spaces, an open air rooftop garden, and an art gallery, while the tower's upper floors are also occupied by various call centers, franchising firms, and tech companies.

Initially planned as a 25-storey tower, groundbreaking for the tower took place in 2005, while the tower's construction phase began in 2010, and after a series of architectural design changes and upgrades to cater the rising demand of office spaces in the area, the tower was completed in 2014.

Ibis Styles Araneta City
The Ibis Styles Manila Araneta City (stylized as ibis Styles Manila Araneta City) is a 286-room 3-star hotel located in the Araneta City, Quezon City, Philippines. The economy hotel is part of AccorHotels, and is the first hotel under the Ibis Styles brand in the Philippines. Built and completed in May 2023, the hotel faced delays prior to its completion, which was initially planned to fully open in 2021. The hotel opened its doors to the public on 7 March 2024 and began its full operations in September 2024, before holding its official grand opening on 19 February 2025.
Coregonus
Coregonus is a diverse genus of fish in the salmon family (Salmonidae).  The Coregonus species are known as whitefishes.  The genus contains at least 68 described extant taxa, but the true number of species is a matter of debate. The type species of the genus is Coregonus lavaretus.

Most Coregonus species inhabit lakes and rivers, and several species, including the Arctic cisco (C. autumnalis), the Bering cisco (C. laurettae), and the least cisco (C. sardinella) are anadromous, moving between salt water and fresh water.

Many whitefish species or ecotypes, especially from the Great Lakes and the Alpine lakes of Europe, have gone extinct over the past century or are endangered. Among 12 freshwater fish considered extinct in Europe, 6 are Coregonus. All Coregonus species are protected under appendix III of the Bern Convention, and Annex IV of the EC Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC)

Thymallus
Thymallus, commonly known as graylings, is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish and the only genus within the subfamily Thymallinae of the family Salmonidae. Although all Thymallus species can be generically called graylings, without specific qualification the term "grayling" typically refers to the type species Thymallus thymallus, the European grayling.
Larry Levan
Lawrence Philpot (July 20, 1954 – November 8, 1992), known as Larry Levan (/ləˈvæn/ lə-VAN), was an American DJ best known for his decade-long residency at the New York City night club Paradise Garage, which has been described as the prototype of the modern dance club. He developed a cult following who referred to his sets as "Saturday Mass". Influential post-disco DJ François Kevorkian credits Levan with introducing the dub aesthetic into dance music. Along with Kevorkian, Levan experimented with drum machines and synthesizers in his productions and live sets, ushering in an electronic, post-disco sound that presaged the ascendence of house music. He DJ'd at Club Zanzibar in the 1980s as well, home to the Jersey Sound brand of deep house or garage house.

Garage house
Garage house (originally known as "garage"; local terms include "New York house" and New Jersey sound) is a dance music style that was developed alongside Chicago house music. The genre was popular in the 1980s in the United States and the 1990s in the United Kingdom, where it developed into UK garage and speed garage.
Salute
A salute is usually a formal hand gesture or other action used to display respect in military situations. Salutes are primarily associated with the military and law enforcement, but many civilian organizations, such as Girl Guides, Boy Scouts and the Salvation Army use formal salutes. Ordinary civilians also salute informally to greet or acknowledge the presence of another person, such as a tip of the hat or a hand wave to a friend or neighbor.

QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss
The QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss or in French use Canon Hotchkiss à tir rapide de 47 mm were a family of long-lived light 47 mm naval guns introduced in 1886 to defend against new, small and fast vessels such as torpedo boats and later submarines.  There were many variants produced, often under license, which ranged in length from 32 to 50 calibers but 40 caliber was the most common version.  They were widely used by the navies of a number of nations and often used by both sides in a conflict.  They were also used ashore as coastal defense guns and later as an anti-aircraft gun, whether on improvised or specialized HA/LA mounts.
Super Fly (wrestler)
Erick Aguilar Muñoz (born February 24, 1987) is a Mexican luchador (professional wrestler) better known by the ring name Super Fly. He worked for the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA) since 2005 until 2021. Super Fly is best known as a tecnico (the Spanish term for a "good guy" or "Face" character in wrestling) and the co-leader of the AAA wrestling group Real Fuerza Aérea, but 
after turning rudo (the Spanish term for a "bad guy" or "heel" character in wrestling) and joined the group La Milicia and its umbrella group La Sociedad. Super Fly is the son of luchador El Seminarista, not to be confused with one of his trainers, Skayde, who has also wrestled under the same ring name.

Electroshock (wrestler)
Edgar Luna Pozos (born April 22, 1970) is a Mexican luchador, or professional wrestler, best known under the ring name Electroshock, which he has used while working for the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA) since 1997. Pozos is married to luchadora Lady Apache and is the brother of Luchador Charly Manson. As Electroshock Pozos has been a member of the groups Los Vipers, La Legión Extranjera and Los Wagnermaniacos. He is the winner of the 2009 Rey de Reyes ("King of Kings") tournament and a one-time AAA Mega Champion.
Golden Age of Science Fiction
In the history of science fiction, the Golden Age is a period in which the genre is considered to have matured in American science fiction magazines, in particular Astounding Science Fiction—the period is usually referred to as the Golden Age of science fiction as a whole, though sometimes more specifically the Golden Age of Astounding. Its beginning is marked by John W. Campbell's assumption of the editorship of Astounding in the late 1930s. The end date is less agreed upon; it is often placed in the mid-1940s, though different definitions use dates ranging from 1941 to the early 1960s. Historiographically, the Golden Age follows the pulp era and precedes the New Wave.

Other eras have also been referred to as golden ages of science fiction in specific contexts. For instance, the 1950s are considered to be the golden age of science fiction cinema. A common humorous statement is that "The Golden Age of science fiction is twelve" years old, or thereabouts.

Martin H. Greenberg
Martin Harry Greenberg (March 1, 1941 – June 25, 2011) was an American academic and anthologist in many genres, including mysteries and horror, but especially in speculative fiction. In all, he compiled 1,298 anthologies and commissioned over 8,200 original short stories. He founded Tekno Books, a packager of more than 2000 published books. He was also a co-founder of the Sci-Fi Channel. Greenberg was also an expert in terrorism and the Middle East. He was a longtime friend, colleague and business partner of Isaac Asimov.
Casto Arguedas
Casto Arguedas (23 April 1820 – 4 March 1888) was a Bolivian military officer who held the position of Commander in Chief of the Bolivian Army on two occasions in 1879 and between 1885 and 1887. He was a prominent political figure of his time and was at the helm of the Constitutionalist Revolution of 1865–1866, which attempted to overthrow Mariano Melgarejo.

Nicanor Flores
Nicanor Flores (29 January 1820 – 14 July 1892) was an Argentine-born Bolivian military officer who rose to prominence during the presidency of José María Linares. Starting his military career during the Peruvian-Bolivian War of 1841-1842, he fought valiantly at the Battle of Ingavi, and also played a role during the War of the Pacific. He was married to the daughter of Pantaleón Dalence.
Kommando Nowotny
Kommando Nowotny was a Luftwaffe fighter Gruppe formed during the last months of World War II for testing and establishing tactics for the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter, and was created and first commanded by Walter Nowotny, from whom it drew its name.

Jagdgeschwader 7
Jagdgeschwader 7 (JG 7) Nowotny  was a Luftwaffe fighter wing during World War II and the first operational jet fighter unit in the world. It was created late in 1944 and served until the end of the war in May 1945.
Sanaag
Sanag (Somali: Sanaag, Arabic: سَنَاج) is an administrative region (gobol) in north eastern Somaliland. Sanaag has a long coastline facing the Gulf of Aden to the north, and is bordered by the region of Sahil to the west, Sool to the south and Somalia to the east. The region is disputed by the self-declared Somaliland and Puntland, a state of Somalia.

Its capital city is Erigavo. Sanaag is the largest region of Somaliland, accounting for 35% of Somaliland's total land area.

The region is partially controlled by Puntland and Somaliland. Puntland claims only the Harti-inhabited parts of region to be part of Somaliland, while the latter claims the entire region - a claim based on the British Somaliland boundaries.

Bari, Somalia
Bari (Somali: Bari, Arabic: بري) is an administrative region (gobol) in northeastern Somalia that consists of six districts: Qandala, Iskushuban, Alula, Bosaso, Bandarbeyla, and Qardho. The port city of Bosaso is the capital of the region and the largest city in Bari. The region is part of the autonomous Somali state of Puntland.
Dover Castle
Dover Castle is a medieval castle in Dover, Kent, England and is Grade I listed. It was founded in the 11th century and has been described as the "Key to England" due to its defensive significance throughout history. Some writers say it is the largest castle in England, a title also claimed by Windsor Castle.

Penshurst Place
Penshurst Place is a historic building near Penshurst, Kent, 32 miles (51 km) southeast of London, England. It is the ancestral home of the Sidney family, and was the birthplace of the great Elizabethan poets and courtiers, siblings Mary Sidney and Philip Sidney.

The original medieval house is one of the most complete surviving examples of 14th-century domestic architecture in England. Part of the house and its gardens are open for public viewing. Many TV shows and movies have been filmed at Penshurst.
Quarterback
The quarterback (QB) is a position in gridiron football who is a member of the offensive side of the ball and usually lines up directly behind the offensive line. In modern American football, the quarterback is usually considered the leader of the offense, and is often responsible for calling the play in the huddle. The quarterback also touches the ball on almost every offensive play, and is almost always the offensive player that throws forward passes. When the QB is tackled behind the line of scrimmage, it is called a sack. The position is also colloquially known as the "signal caller" and "field general". The quarterback is widely considered the most important position in American football, and one of the most important positions in all team sports.

Wishbone formation
The wishbone formation, also known simply as the bone, is an offensive formation in American football. The style of attack to which it gives rise is known as the wishbone offense. Like the spread offense in the 2000s to the present, the wishbone was considered to be the most productive and innovative offensive scheme in college football during the 1970s and 1980s.
Thepchaiya Un-Nooh
Thepchaiya Un-Nooh (Thai: เทพไชยา อุ่นหนู, RTGS: Thepchaiya Unnu; born 18 April 1985) is a Thai professional snooker player.

He has won one ranking event, the 2019 Snooker Shoot Out, and finished as runner-up in the 2019 World Open. He is regarded as one of the fastest snooker players on the World Tour, averaging less than 17 seconds per shot during the 2017–18 and the 2019–20 snooker seasons.

Martin O'Donnell (snooker player)
Martin O'Donnell (born 4 June 1986) is an English professional snooker player. He gained a two-year place on the main snooker tour by coming through the 2012 Q School. He finished with the most points during the Q Tour of the 2022–23 season and gained a two-year tour card as a result. He is known as "The Minister of Defence" because his initials spell out "MoD", in what is jocularly taken as a reference to the UK government body responsible for the Armed Forces.
John Deere (inventor)
John Deere (February 7, 1804 – May 17, 1886) was an American blacksmith, businessman, inventor and politician. He founded Deere & Company, one of the largest and leading agricultural and construction-equipment manufacturers in the world. Born in Rutland, Vermont, Deere moved to Illinois and invented the first commercially successful steel plow in 1837.

Willard Lamb Velie
Willard Lamb Velie (1866 – October 24, 1928) was a businessman based in Moline, Illinois.  He was an executive at Deere & Company before starting his own companies, which grew to become Velie Motor Company.  He developed advanced engines for automobiles and airplanes.
Phenacetin
Phenacetin (/fɪˈnæsɪtɪn/ ⓘ; acetophenetidin, N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)acetamide) is a pain-relieving and fever-reducing drug, which was widely used following its introduction in 1887. It was withdrawn from medicinal use as dangerous from the 1970s (e.g., withdrawn in Canada in 1973, and by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1983).

Acetanilide
Acetanilide is the organic compound with the formula C6H5NHC(O)CH3.  It is the N-acetylated derivative of aniline. It is an odourless solid chemical of leaf or flake-like appearance.  It is also known as N-phenylacetamide, acetanil, or acetanilid, and was formerly known by the trade name Antifebrin.
Marathon
The marathon is a long-distance foot race with a distance of 42.195 kilometres (c. 26 mi 385 yd), usually run as a road race, but the distance can be covered on trail routes. The marathon can be completed by running or with a run/walk strategy. There are also wheelchair divisions. More than 800 marathons are held worldwide each year, with the vast majority of competitors being recreational athletes, as larger marathons can have tens of thousands of participants.

A creation of the French philologist Michel Bréal inspired by a story from Ancient Greece, the marathon was one of the original modern Olympic events in 1896 in Athens. The distance did not become standardized until 1921. The distance is also included in the World Athletics Championships, which began in 1983. It is the only running road race included in both championship competitions (walking races on roads are also contested in both).

Fukuoka Marathon
The Fukuoka International Marathon (福岡国際マラソン, Fukuoka Kokusai Marason) is an IAAF Gold Label international men's marathon race held in Fukuoka, Japan. It was previously known as the Fukuoka International Open Marathon Championship between 1947 and 2021, when it was announced the race would be discontinued on its 75th edition. However, due to popular support, a successor race, inheriting the tradition and course of the original marathon, was established the next year.

The course record is held by Tsegaye Kebede of Ethiopia, running 2:05:18 in 2009 to best his own record from the previous year. Toshihiko Seko (1978–80, '83) and Frank Shorter (1971–74) tie for most victories at the race with four each.