hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nathan Mayer Rothschild
Nathan Mayer Rothschild (16 September 1777 – 28 July 1836), also known as Baron Nathan Mayer Rothschild, was a British-German banker, businessman and financier. Born in Frankfurt am Main, he was the third of the five sons of Mayer Amschel Rothschild and his wife,  Guttle (née Schnapper). He was the founder of the British branch of the prominent Rothschild family.

Slave Compensation Act 1837
The Slave Compensation Act 1837 (1 & 2 Vict. c. 3) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, signed into law on 23 December 1837.

Together with the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 (3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 73), it authorized the Commissioners for the Reduction of the National Debt to compensate slave owners in the British colonies in the amount of approximately £20 million for the freeing of slaves. Based on a government census of 1 August 1834, more than 40,000 awards to slave owners were issued. Since some of the payments were converted into 3.5% government annuities, they lasted until 2015. Most were sold and the money sent abroad for investment.
Surat Thani province
Surat Thani (Thai: สุราษฎร์ธานี, pronounced [sù.râːt tʰāː.nīː]), often shortened to Surat, is the largest province (changwat) of Southern Thailand. It lies on the western shore of the Gulf of Thailand. Surat Thani means 'city of good people', a title given to the city by King Vajiravudh (Rama VI); Surat Thani is therefore the sole province in Southern Thailand for which the native name is in the Central Thai language.

Phatthalung province
Phatthalung (Thai: พัทลุง, pronounced [pʰát̚.tʰā.lūŋ]) is one of the southern provinces (changwat) of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla, Satun, and Trang. Phatthalung is essentially a landlocked province, one of the only two in southern Thailand, the other being Yala.
South Zone cricket team (Bangladesh)
The South Zone cricket team or Prime Bank South Zone is a first-class cricket team that represents south-western Bangladesh in the annual Bangladesh Cricket League (BCL) tournament . It is a composite team of two Bangladeshi first-class teams: Barisal Division and Khulna Division. South Zone has played in the BCL since the inaugural 2012–13 season and has won the BCL four times, the most by any team.

East Zone cricket team (Bangladesh)
The East Zone cricket team or Islami Bank East Zone is a first class cricket team that represents eastern Bangladesh in the Bangladesh Cricket League (BCL). It is a composite team of two Bangladeshi first-class teams: Chittagong Division and Sylhet Division. East Zone has played in the BCL from the opening 2012–13 season.

In January 2018, they scored 735 runs for 6 wickets in their first innings against Central Zone in the 2017–18 Bangladesh Cricket League. This was the third-highest total in first-class cricket in Bangladesh and the second-highest total in the history of the Bangladesh Cricket League.

In Round 3 of 2023–24 Bangladesh Cricket League, East Zone defeated North Zone by an innings and 112 runs. They finished the league as the table-toppers with 20 points, and clinched their maiden BCL title.
Madhan Karky
Madhan Karky Vairamuthu is an Indian lyricist, screenwriter, research associate, software engineer, and entrepreneur. A holder of a doctorate in computer science from the University of Queensland, Karky began his professional career as an assistant professor at the College of Engineering, Guindy, and soon after ventured into the Tamil cinema, working as a lyricist and dialogue writer. He resigned from his teaching profession in early 2013 and began working full-time in the film industry, while also launching the Karky Research Foundation (KaReFo), an educational research organization which primarily focuses on language computing and language literacy. He also founded the Mellinam Education, which develops educational games and story books designed to propagate learning among children, and DooPaaDoo, an online music platform which promotes independent music and serves a distributor for film soundtracks.

Viveka (lyricist)
Viveka is an Indian lyricist working on Tamil language films. His debut movie was Nee Varuvai Ena. Vivega has worked on over 2000+ songs.

He has got many awards for his songs which have been listened all over the world.
Gerry Studds
Gerry Eastman Studds (/ˈɡɛri/ GHERR-ee; May 12, 1937 – October 14, 2006) was an American politician from Massachusetts who served as a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from 1973 until 1997. He was the first member of Congress to be openly gay. In 1983, Studds was censured by the House for having sex with a 17-year-old page.

Dan Crane
Daniel Bever Crane (January 10, 1936 – May 28, 2019) was an American dentist and a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois. A Republican, he served in the House from 1979 to 1985. In 1983, Crane was censured by the House for having sex with a 17-year-old page.
Second Battle of Ypres
The Second Battle of Ypres was fought from 22 April – 25 May 1915, during the First World War, for control of the tactically valuable high ground to the east and the south of the Flemish town of Ypres, in western Belgium. The First Battle of Ypres had been fought the previous autumn. The Second Battle of Ypres was the occasion of the first mass use by Germany of poison gas on the Western Front.

Battle of Le Cateau
The Battle of Le Cateau was fought on the Western Front during the First World War on 26 August 1914. The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) and the French Fifth Army had retreated after their defeats at the Battle of Charleroi (21–23 August) and the Battle of Mons (23 August). The British II Corps fought a delaying action at Le Cateau to slow the German pursuit. Most of the BEF was able to continue its retreat to Saint-Quentin.
1929 World Series
The 1929 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball for the 1929 season. The 26th edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff that pitted the American League (AL) champion Philadelphia Athletics against the National League (NL) champion Chicago Cubs. The Athletics defeated the Cubs in five games to win the Series.

1932 World Series
The 1932 World Series was the championship series in Major League Baseball for the 1932 season. The 29th edition of the World Series, it matched the American League champion New York Yankees versus the National League champions Chicago Cubs. The Yankees won in a four-game sweep. By far it is mostly noteworthy for Babe Ruth's "called shot" home run, in his 10th and last World Series. It was punctuated by fiery arguments between the two teams, heating up the atmosphere before the World Series even began. A record 13 future Hall of Famers played in this World Series, with three other future Hall of Famers also participating: umpire Bill Klem, Yankees manager Joe McCarthy, and Cubs manager Rogers Hornsby. It was also the first World Series in which both teams wore uniforms with numbers on the backs of the shirts.
Dimitrie Paciurea
Dimitrie Paciurea (Romanian pronunciation: [diˈmitri.e paˈt͡ʃjure̯a] ⓘ; (2 November 1875 – 14 July 1932) was a Romanian sculptor. His representational and symbolic style contrasts strongly to the more abstract style of his contemporary and co-national Constantin Brâncuși.

Born in Bucharest, he attended the Matei Basarab High School. He then studied at the National School of Fine Arts in Bucharest (1890–1894), and later in Paris (1896–1900).

In 1909 he was named professor at the National School of Fine Arts. 
Paciurea was one of the founders of the Romanian Art Society (1919). 
His students include Cornel Medrea, Ion Jalea, and Oscar Han. 
A room of the Romanian National Art Museum is devoted largely to his Chimera sculptures.

Frederic Storck
Frederic Storck (19 January 1872 – 26 December 1942) was a Romanian sculptor. His father was the sculptor Karl Storck. His brother, Carol Storck, was also a sculptor and his wife, Cecilia Cuțescu-Storck was a painter.
Deepak Chahar
Deepak Chahar (born 7 August 1992) is an Indian international cricketer. He is a right-arm medium pace swing bowler, who plays for Rajasthan in domestic cricket and Mumbai Indians in the Indian Premier League. He was a part of the Indian squad which won the 2018 Asia Cup.

In 2019, he became the first Indian male cricketer to take a hat-trick in a Twenty20 International (T20I) match. In January 2020, Chahar was awarded with the T20I Performance of the Year award by the International Cricket Council (ICC), after taking six wickets for seven runs against Bangladesh.

Shardul Thakur
Shardul Narendra Thakur (born 16 October 1991) is an Indian cricketer who plays for Mumbai in domestic cricket and Mumbai Indians in the Indian Premier League. He bats right-handed and bowls right arm medium pace. Thakur was part of the Indian squad which won the 2018 and 2023 Asia Cup.
Lackawanna, New York
Lackawanna is a city in Erie County, New York, United States, just south of the city of Buffalo in western New York State. The population was 19,949 at the 2020 census. It is one of the fastest-growing cities in New York, growing in population by 10% from 2010 to 2020. It is part of the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area. The city of Lackawanna is in the western part of Erie County.

The town's name derives from the Lackawanna Steel Company, which owned the steel plant around which the city developed. During the early 20th century, the Lackawanna steel plant was the largest in the world. The word "Lackawanna" refers to the steel company's original location in the Lackawanna River Valley, in eastern Pennsylvania. That place name, in turn, might come from Lenape lèkaohane, meaning "sandy stream", or lechauhanne, [lɛxaohánɛk], meaning "forks of the river".

Hamburg, New York
Hamburg is a town in Erie County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town had a population of 60,085. It is named after the city of Hamburg,  Germany. The town is on the western border of the county and is south of Buffalo. Hamburg is one of the Southtowns in Erie County. The villages of Hamburg and Blasdell are in the town, as is the census-designated place of Wanakah. The town of Hamburg was founded in 1812 in Armor.
Sogdian alphabet
The Sogdian alphabet was originally used for the Sogdian language, a language in the Iranian family used by the people of Sogdia. The alphabet is derived from Syriac, a descendant script of the Aramaic alphabet. The Sogdian alphabet is one of three scripts used to write the Sogdian language, the others being the Manichaean alphabet and the Syriac alphabet. It was used throughout Central Asia, from the edge of Iran in the west, to China in the east, from c. 100 to c. 1200 AD.

Mongolian script
The traditional Mongolian script, also known as the Hudum Mongol bichig, was the first writing system created specifically for the Mongolian language, and was the most widespread until the introduction of Cyrillic in 1946. The script has been a co-official script since 2025, alongside the Cyrillic script for the language. It is traditionally written in vertical lines from top to bottom, flowing in lines from left to right . Derived from the Old Uyghur alphabet, it is a true alphabet, with separate letters for consonants and vowels. It has been adapted for such languages as Oirat and Manchu. Alphabets based on this classical vertical script continue to be used in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia to write Mongolian, Xibe and, experimentally, Evenki.

Computer operating systems have been slow to adopt support for the Mongolian script; almost all have incomplete support or other text rendering difficulties.
Vladimir Ovchinnikov (painter)
Vladimir Ivanovich Ovchinnikov (Russian: Влади́мир Ива́нович Овчи́нников; 14 July 1911 – 22 June 1978) was a Soviet, Russian painter, lived and worked in Leningrad, member of the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation, regarded as one of the leading representatives of the Leningrad school of painting, most famous for his landscape paintings.

Arseny Semionov
Arseny Nikiforovich Semionov (Russian: Арсе́ний Ники́форович Семе́нов; January 23, 1911 – September 13, 1992) was a Soviet painter and art teacher who lived and worked in Leningrad. He was a member of the Leningrad Union of Artists and is regarded as one of the representatives of the Leningrad school of painting. He is most famous for his landscape and cityscape paintings.
Contemporary R&B
Contemporary R&B is a popular music genre, originating from African-American musicians in the 1970s that combines rhythm and blues with elements of disco, jazz, soul, funk, blues, electronic and hip-hop. The incorporation of disco and electronic textures and production styles, which came to prominence since the 2010s decade, brought forth a style called electro-R&B.

The genre features a distinctive record production style and a smooth, lush style of vocal arrangement. Electronic influences and the use of hip-hop or dance-inspired beats are typical, although the roughness and grit inherent in hip-hop may be reduced and smoothed out. Contemporary R&B vocalists often use melisma, and since the mid-1980s, R&B rhythms have been combined with elements of hip-hop culture and music, soul culture and soul music.

Cloud rap
Cloud rap (also known as trillwave) is a subgenre of hip-hop that emerged in the late 2000s to early 2010s, drawing influences from trap, ambient and new age music to create a hazy, dreamlike, atmospheric and relaxed production style through the extensive use of reverb and ethereal chopped samples. The subgenre was originally pioneered by artists and producers such as A$AP Rocky, Lil B, Clams Casino, Friendzone, Whitearmor, Main Attrakionz, Viper, Metro Zu, and SpaceGhostPurrp.
Lunar Orbiter 1
The 1966 Lunar Orbiter 1 robotic spacecraft mission, part of NASA's Lunar Orbiter program, was the first American spacecraft to orbit the Moon. It was designed primarily to photograph smooth areas of the lunar surface for selection and verification of safe landing sites for the Surveyor and Apollo missions. It was also equipped to collect selenodetic, radiation intensity, and micrometeoroid impact data.

Lunar Orbiter 4
Lunar Orbiter 4 was a robotic U.S. spacecraft, part of the Lunar Orbiter Program, designed to orbit the Moon, after the three previous orbiters had completed the required needs for Apollo mapping and site selection. It was given a more general objective, to "perform a broad systematic photographic survey of lunar surface features in order to increase the scientific knowledge of their nature, origin, and processes, and to serve as a basis for selecting sites for more detailed scientific study by subsequent orbital and landing missions". It was also equipped to collect selenodetic, radiation intensity, and micrometeoroid impact data.
Descendents
The Descendents are an American punk rock band formed in Manhattan Beach, California, in 1977, by guitarist Frank Navetta, bassist Tony Lombardo and drummer Bill Stevenson as a power pop/surf punk band. In 1979, they enlisted Stevenson's school friend Milo Aukerman as a singer, and reappeared as a melodic hardcore punk band, becoming a major player in the hardcore scene developing in Los Angeles at the time. They have released eight studio albums, three live albums, three compilation albums, and four EPs. Since 1986, the band's lineup has consisted of Aukerman, Stevenson, guitarist Stephen Egerton, and bassist Karl Alvarez.

Redd Kross
Redd Kross is an American rock band from Hawthorne, California, who had their roots in 1978 in a punk rock band called the Tourists, which was started by brothers Jeff and Steve McDonald while Steve was still in middle school. With the addition of friends Greg Hetson on guitar and John Stielow on drums, the band's first gig was opening for Black Flag. The band changed their name to Red Cross in 1979, and in 1982 changed the spelling due to threatened legal action by the charitable organization International Red Cross. The band has since released eight albums and three EPs. Their style was originally hardcore punk, but they have since branched out to touch on various rock and roll styles.
Piedmont
Piedmont (/ˈpiːdmɒnt/ PEED-mont; Italian: Piemonte [pjeˈmonte]; Piedmontese: Piemont [pjeˈmʊŋt]) is one of the 20 regions of Italy, located in the Northwest of the country. It borders the Liguria region to the south, the Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna regions to the east, and the Aosta Valley region to the northwest. Piedmont also borders Switzerland to the north and France to the west.

Piedmont has an area of 25,387.07 km2 (9,802.00 mi2), making it the 2nd-largest region of Italy in area after Sicily. With a population of 4,251,868, it is also the 7th-most populous region as of 2025. The capital of Piedmont is Turin, which was the first capital of the Kingdom of Italy, from 1861 to 1865.

Regions of Italy
The regions of Italy (Italian: regioni d'Italia) are the first-level administrative divisions of the Italian Republic, constituting its second NUTS administrative level. There are twenty regions, five of which are autonomous regions with special status. Under the Constitution of Italy, each region is an autonomous entity with defined powers. With the exception of the Aosta Valley (since 1945) and Friuli-Venezia Giulia (since 2015), each region is divided into a number of provinces.
Don Messick
Donald Earle Messick (September 7, 1926 – October 24, 1997) was an American voice actor, known for his performances in Hanna-Barbera cartoons. His best-remembered voice roles include Scooby-Doo; Bamm-Bamm Rubble and Hoppy in The Flintstones; Astro in The Jetsons; Muttley in Wacky Races and Dastardly and Muttley in Their Flying Machines; Boo-Boo Bear and Ranger Smith in The Yogi Bear Show; Sebastian the Cat in Josie and the Pussycats; Gears, Ratchet, and Scavenger in The Transformers; Papa Smurf and Azrael in The Smurfs; Hamton J. Pig in Tiny Toon Adventures; and Dr. Benton Quest in Jonny Quest.

Jean Vander Pyl
Jean Thurston Vander Pyl (October 11, 1919 – April 10, 1999) was an American voice actress. Although her career spanned many decades, she is best known as the voice of Wilma Flintstone for the Hanna-Barbera cartoon The Flintstones. In addition to Wilma Flintstone, she also provided the voices of Pebbles Flintstone; Rosie the robot maid from The Jetsons; Goldie, Lola Glamour, Nurse LaRue, and other characters in Top Cat; Winsome Witch on The Secret Squirrel Show; and Ogee on The Magilla Gorilla Show.
Jemima Osunde
Jemima Osunde (born 30 April 1996) is a Nigerian actress, model, and presenter. She gained exposure after playing Leila in the television series Shuga. Osunde was nominated for Best Actress in a Leading Role at the 15th Africa Movie Academy Awards for her performance in The Delivery Boy (2018).

Lerato Walaza
Lerato Walaza is a South African actress who appears in the TV series Shuga. She was a recurring character who was still in Shuga when the series went into a nightly mini-series to highlight issues surrounding Coronavirus. The series is filmed by the actors and the story will be based in Nigeria, South Africa, Kenya and Côte d'Ivoire.
Backwell
Backwell is a village and civil parish in the unitary authority area of North Somerset, in the ceremonial county of Somerset, England. In 2011 it had a population of 4,589. The village lies about 7 miles (11 km) southwest of Bristol, south of the A370 to Weston-super-Mare. The parish includes the hamlets of Backwell Common, Backwell Green, and Backwell Farleigh, and the districts of Backwell West Town and Downside.

Nearby are Nailsea, Flax Bourton, Yatton, Brockley and Barrow Gurney.

Brockley, Somerset
Brockley is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England. The parish is within the unitary authority of North Somerset, about 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Nailsea, and includes the village of Chelvey. According to the 2011 census it had a population of 277.
Wakefield, New Hampshire
Wakefield is a town in Carroll County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 5,201 at the 2020 census. The town includes the villages of Wakefield Corner (the original town center), East Wakefield, North Wakefield, Sanbornville, Union, Woodman and Province Lake. Wakefield Corner, popular with tourists, is a picturesque hilltop village of antique buildings. The state of Maine forms the eastern border of Wakefield.

Wolfeboro, New Hampshire
Wolfeboro is a town in Carroll County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 6,416 at the 2020 census. A resort area on Lake Winnipesaukee, the town includes the villages of Wolfeboro, East Wolfeboro, North Wolfeboro, South Wolfeboro, Wolfeboro Center, and Wolfeboro Falls.
Grapevine, Texas
Grapevine is a city located in northeast Tarrant County, Texas, United States, with minor portions extending into Dallas and Denton counties. Its population was 50,631 in the 2020 census, up from 46,334 in the 2010 census. The city is located in the Mid-Cities suburban region between Dallas and Fort Worth and includes a larger portion of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport than other cities.

The city is adjacent to Grapevine Lake, a large reservoir impounded by the Army Corps of Engineers in 1952 that serves as a source of water and a recreational area.

Southlake, Texas
Southlake is a city located predominantly in Tarrant County with minor areas extending into Denton County in the U.S. state of Texas. Southlake is a suburb of Dallas/Fort Worth. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 31,265.
Tom Robinson
Thomas Giles Robinson (born 1 June 1950) is a British singer, bassist, radio presenter and long-time LGBT rights activist, best known for the hits "Glad to Be Gay", "2-4-6-8 Motorway", and "Don't Take No for an Answer", with his Tom Robinson Band. He later peaked at No. 6 in the UK singles chart with his solo single "War Baby".

Huw Stephens
Huw Meredydd Stephens (born 25 May 1981) is a Welsh radio and television presenter, currently broadcasting on BBC Radio Wales, BBC Radio Cymru and BBC Radio 6 Music.

Stephens founded the Sŵn music festival with John Rostron and the yearly showcase Welsh Language Music Day.

Stephens produced the 2018 documentary film Anorac about the Welsh language music scene. He presented the Cofiwch Dryweryn documentary for S4C, following the history of the graffiti that his father painted in 1963, and The Story of Welsh Art, a 3-part documentary series for the BBC. He also presented Cymru Rising on BBC Radio 4, documenting the Welsh language music scene.
Triceps
The triceps, or triceps brachii (Latin for "three-headed muscle of the arm"), is a large muscle on the back of the upper limb of many vertebrates. It consists of three parts: the medial, lateral, and long head. All three heads cross the elbow joint. However, the long head also crosses the shoulder joint. The triceps muscle contracts when the elbow is straightened and expands when the elbow is bent. The long head gets a further contraction when the arm is behind the torso due to how it crosses the shoulder joint. It is the muscle principally responsible for extension of the elbow joint (straightening of the arm).

Olecranon
The olecranon (/oʊˈlɛkrənɒn/, from Greek  olene 'elbow' and  kranon 'head'), is a large, thick, curved bony process on the proximal, posterior end of the ulna. It forms the protruding part of the elbow and is opposite to the cubital fossa or elbow pit (trochlear notch). The olecranon serves as a lever for the extensor muscles that straighten the elbow joint.