hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, commonly known as the notwithstanding clause (French: clause dérogatoire or French: clause nonobstant), allows the Parliament of Canada or provincial and territorial legislatures to temporarily override sections 2 and 7 through 15 of the Charter.

Robert Bourassa
Robert Bourassa GOQ (French pronunciation: [ʁɔbɛʁ buʁasa]; July 14, 1933 – October 2, 1996) was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the 22nd premier of Quebec from 1970 to 1976 and from 1985 to 1994. A member of the Liberal Party of Quebec, he served a total of just under 15 years as premier. Bourassa's tenure was marked by major events affecting Quebec, including the October Crisis and the Meech Lake and Charlottetown Accords.
Barham Salih
Barham Salih (Kurdish: بەرھەم ساڵح, romanized: Berhem Salih; Arabic: برهم صالح, romanized: Barham Ṣāliḥ; born 8 September 1960) is an Iraqi-Kurdish politician who has been serving as United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees since 1 January 2026. He previously served as president of Iraq from 2018 to 2022.

He is the former prime minister of the Kurdistan Region and a former deputy prime minister of the Iraqi federal government. He was elected and assumed office as president of Iraq on 2 October 2018. Salih is the third non-Arab president of Iraq, succeeding Fuad Masum, who is also Kurdish. In October 2022 he lost his re-election to Abdul Latif Rashid.

Nechirvan Barzani
Nechirvan Idris Barzani (Arabic: نيجرفان بارزاني; Kurdish: نێچیرڤان بارزانی, romanized: Nêçîrvan Barzanî; born 21 September 1966) is an Iraqi Kurdish politician serving as the second President of the Kurdistan Region. He was elected into office by the Kurdistan Region Parliament in June 2019. Nechirvan Barzani was appointed as Vice President of the Kurdistan Democratic Party since 2010. He previously served as Prime Minister of the Kurdistan Regional Government from March 2007 to August 2009 and March 2012 to May 2019. Nechirvan Barzani is also the founder of the University of Kurdistan Hewlêr, the Kurdistan Region's top-ranked university.
Judge (magazine)
Judge was a weekly satirical magazine published in the United States from 1881 to 1947. It was launched by artists who had left the rival Puck; the founders included cartoonist James Albert Wales, dime novels publisher Frank Tousey and author George H. Jessop.

Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper
Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, later renamed Leslie's Weekly, was an American illustrated literary and news magazine founded in 1855 and published until 1922. It was one of several magazines started by publisher and illustrator Frank Leslie.

Throughout its existence, the weekly provided illustrations and reports—with wood engravings, lithographs and steel engravings based on sketches and photography, beginning with daguerreotypes and later with more advanced forms of photography—of wars from John Brown's raid at Harpers Ferry and the Civil War to the Spanish–American War and the First World War - and numerous other articles of topical interest.
2019 Egyptian Super Cup
The 2019 Egyptian Super Cup (also known as the 2017–18 SAIB Egyptian Super Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 16th Egyptian Super Cup, an annual football match played between the winners of the previous season's Egyptian Premier League and Egypt Cup. It was played at Borg El Arab Stadium in Alexandria, Egypt, on 20 September 2019, contested by Al Ahly and Zamalek. Al Ahly defended the trophy they won in the previous edition and defeated Zamalek 3–2, winning their record-extending 11th trophy.

2022 Egyptian Super Cup
The 2022 Egyptian Super Cup was the 19th Egyptian Super Cup, an annual football match between the winners of the previous season's Egyptian Premier League and Egypt Cup. The match is usually contested by the winners of the Premier League and the Egypt Cup, but since Zamalek won the double (2020–21 Egyptian Premier League and 2020–21 Egypt Cup), Al Ahly qualified by default as the runners-up of the cup. The match was played on 28 October 2022 and for the fifth time in the United Arab Emirates at the Hazza Bin Zayed Stadium in Al Ain, Abu Dhabi. Al Ahly won the match 2–0.
East African oryx
The East African oryx (Oryx beisa), also known as the beisa, is a species of medium-sized antelope from East Africa. It has two subspecies: the common beisa oryx (Oryx beisa beisa) found in steppe and semidesert throughout the Horn of Africa Somalia and north of the Tana River, and the fringe-eared oryx (Oryx beisa callotis) south of the Tana River in southern Kenya Somalia and parts of Tanzania. The species is listed as Endangered by the IUCN.

In the past, some taxonomists considered it a subspecies of the gemsbok (Oryx gazella), but they are genetically distinct; the diploid chromosome count is 56 for the beisa and 58 for the gemsbok.

Soemmerring's gazelle
Soemmerring's gazelle (Nanger soemmerringii), also known as the Abyssinian mohr, is a gazelle species native to the Horn of Africa (Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia and South Sudan). The species was first described and given its scientific name by German physician Philipp Jakob Cretzschmar in 1828. Three subspecies are recognized. It is possibly no longer present in Sudan.

Since 1986, Soemmerring's gazelle has been classified as Vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Yale (commote)
Yale (Welsh: Iâl) was a commote of medieval Wales within the cantref of Maelor in the Kingdom of Powys. When the Kingdom was divided in 1160, Maelor became part of the Princely realm of Powys Fadog (Lower Powys or Madog's Powys), and belonged to the Royal House of Powys. Yale eventually merged with another commote and became the Lordship of Bromfield and Yale, later a royal lordship under the Tudors and Stuarts.

Yale (surname)
The surname Yale is derived from the Welsh word "iâl", meaning "fertile ground". Iâl was the name of an important commote in Denbighshire, whose rulers, the princes of Powys Fadog, lords of Yale, were a cadet line of the royal House of Powys. For hundreds of years, their ancestral seat was at Castle Dinas Bran in Yale. Afterwards, baron Ellis ap Griffith attached the name to the estate of Plas-yn-Iâl, from which the House of Yale (or Yale family) became known.

The Yale surname was thus adopted from the maternal side of the family, while their coat of arms, which inspired those of Yale College, came from the paternal side, through the Fitzgeralds of Corsygedol. In the early modern period, the family produced Elihu Yale, a governor of Madras and benefactor of Yale University, ensuring that the name "Yale" achieved lasting prominence well beyond Wales.
Nick Faldo
Sir Nicholas Alexander Faldo (born 18 July 1957) is an English retired professional golfer and television commentator. Widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time, he was renowned for his dedication to the game, and was ranked No. 1 on the Official World Golf Ranking for a total of 97 weeks. His 41 professional wins include 30 victories on the European Tour and six major championships: three Open Championships (1987, 1990, 1992) and three Masters (1989, 1990, 1996).

Faldo has since become a television commentator for major golf championships. In 2006, he became the lead golf analyst for CBS Sports. In 2012, Faldo joined the BBC Sport on-air team for coverage of the Open Championship.

Larry Mize
Lawrence Hogan Mize (born September 23, 1958) is an American professional golfer who played on the PGA Tour and currently plays on the Champions Tour. He is well known for one career-defining shot – a chip from off the green at the 11th hole at Augusta to win the playoff for the 1987 Masters Tournament, which is his only major title to date. He is also the only winner of that tournament to come from Augusta.
Nikolai Galakhov
Nikolai Nikolaevich Galakhov (Russian: Никола́й Никола́евич Гала́хов; May 29, 1928 – March 1, 2022) was a Russian artist. He was an Honored Artist of the Russian Federation, a member of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists (before 1992 the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation). Living and working in Saint Petersburg, he was regarded as one of the representatives of the Leningrad School of Painting, and is most famous for his landscape paintings.

Dmitry Buchkin
Dmitry Petrovich Buchkin (Russian: Дмитрий Петрович Бучкин; 23 July 1927 – 7 December 2024) was a Soviet Russian painter, a member of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists (before 1992 — the Leningrad Union of Artists), who lived and worked in Saint Petersburg. He is also regarded as one of the representatives of the Leningrad school of painting, being best known for his genre and landscape paintings.

Buchkin was born in Leningrad, USSR. In the 1960s and 1980s he repeatedly worked in the Staraya Ladoga House of Creativity. Later he worked in his own cottage with his art studio in Staraya Ladoga.

Buchkin died in Saint Petersburg on 7 December 2024, at the age of 97.
United States Secretary of the Navy
The secretary of the Navy (SECNAV) is a statutory officer (10 U.S.C. § 8013) and the head (chief executive officer) of the Department of the Navy, a military department within the United States Department of Defense. On March 25, 2025, John Phelan was confirmed as Secretary of the Navy.

By law, the secretary of the Navy must be a civilian at least seven years removed from active military service (10 U.S.C. § 8013). The secretary is appointed by the president and requires confirmation by the Senate.

Carlos Del Toro
Carlos Del Toro (born 1961) is a Cuban-American entrepreneur and retired United States Navy officer who served as the 78th United States secretary of the Navy from 2021 to 2025. He is the second Hispanic American to serve as the Secretary of the Navy, after Edward Hidalgo.
Betty Foss
Betty "Fossey" Weaver-Foss (May 10, 1929 – February 8, 1998) was an infielder and outfielder who played from 1950 through 1954 in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL). Listed at 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m), 180 lb., she was a switch-hitter and threw right-handed. She started her career as Betty Weaver but changed her last name to Foss after marrying. Her younger sisters, Jean and Joanne, also played in the league.

Mary Froning
Mary Froning (later O'Meara; August 26, 1934 – November 2, 2014) was an outfielder who played from 1951 through 1954 in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL). Listed at 5 ft 3 in (1.60 m), 118 lb., she batted and threw right-handed.

A strong-armed outfielder and speedy base runner, Mary Froning played on two championship teams during the last four years of that league.
Tsukushi Haruka
Tsukushi Haruka (春輝つくし, Haruka Tsukushi; born September 6, 1997) is a retired Japanese professional wrestler. Trained by Emi Sakura, Tsukushi made her debut for her Ice Ribbon promotion in January 2010 as part of a trial series with Kurumi. After winning the fan voting, Tsukushi was made an official part of Ice Ribbon's roster the following March and she has since wrestled regularly for the promotion. She is a former one-time ICE×60 Champion, record ten-time International Ribbon Tag Team Champion and record three-time IW19 Champion. Tsukushi's accomplishments outside of Ice Ribbon include winning DDT Pro-Wrestling's Ironman Heavymetalweight Championship, JWP Joshi Puroresu's 2014 Tag League the Best and Reina Joshi Puroresu's Reina World Tag Team Championship.

Chii Tomiya
Chii Tomiya (都宮 ちい, Tomiya Chii; born April 25, 1991) is a Japanese professional wrestler, best known for her work in the Ice Ribbon promotion. Trained by Emi Sakura, Tomiya made her debut for Ice Ribbon in October 2008 and during the next three years went on to become a one-time International Ribbon Tag Team and Internet Wrestling 19 Champion, while also holding DDT Pro-Wrestling's Ironman Heavymetalweight Championship once. In August 2011, Tomiya left Ice Ribbon and became a freelancer, adopting the new ring name Micro (ミクロ, Mikuro) in the process. As a freelancer, she would most notably work for the Reina X World promotion, where she wrestled as the masked character Mini Tomato (ミニトマト, Mini Tomato). In September 2013, she signed with the new World Pro-Wrestling Association (WPA) promotion, adopting the new ring name Akubi in the process. Standing at only 1.42 m (4 ft 8 in), she is one of the shortest wrestlers in all of puroresu.
Magdalen College, Oxford
Magdalen College (/ˈmɔːdlɪn/ MAWD-lin) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford. It was founded in 1458 by Bishop of Winchester William of Waynflete. It is one of the wealthiest Oxford colleges, as of 2022, and one of the strongest academically, setting the record for the highest Norrington Score in 2010 and topping the table twice since then. It is home to several of the university's distinguished chairs, including the Agnelli-Serena Professorship, the Sherardian Professorship, and the four Waynflete Professorships.

The large, square Magdalen Tower is an Oxford landmark, and it is a tradition, dating to the days of Henry VII, that the college choir sings from the top of it at 6 a.m. on May Morning. The college stands next to the River Cherwell and the University of Oxford Botanic Garden. Within its grounds are a deer park and Addison's Walk.

John Betjeman
Sir John Betjeman CBE (/ˈbɛtʃəmən/; 28 August 1906 – 19 May 1984) was an English poet, writer, and broadcaster. He was Poet Laureate from 1972 until his death. He was a founding member of The Victorian Society and first president of The Hackney Society and a passionate defender of Victorian architecture, helping to save St Pancras railway station from demolition. He began his career as a journalist and ended it as one of the most popular British Poets Laureate and a much-loved figure on British television.
Diocese of Dubrovnik
The Diocese of Dubrovnik (Croatian: Dubrovačka biskupija); or Ragusa (Latin: Dioecesis Ragusiensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in southern Croatia. The diocese is centred in the city of Dubrovnik. It was first erected in 990. From 1120 to 1828 it was elevated to the status of archdiocese. By papal bull Locum Beati Petri it was degraded to the level of a diocese in 1828.

The Cathedral of Assumption in Dubrovnik was built in 1713 after the previous cathedral was destroyed in an earthquake. Current bishop Roko Glasnović is head of the diocese. He was appointed by Pope Francis in 2021. Dubrovnik's patron saint is Saint Blaise (locally called Sveti Vlaho).

Archdiocese of Split-Makarska
The Archdiocese of Split-Makarska (Latin: Archidioecesis Spalatensis-Macarscensis; Croatian: Splitsko-makarska nadbiskupija) is a Latin Metropolitan archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Croatia and Montenegro. The diocese was established in the 3rd century AD and was made an archdiocese and metropolitan see in the 10th century. The modern diocese was erected in 1828, when the historical archdiocese of Salona was combined with the Diocese of Makarska. It was elevated as an archdiocese and metropolitan see in 1969, restoring the earlier status of the archdiocese of Split, as it is also known. The diocese was also known as Spalato-Macarsca.
Cthulhu Mythos
The Cthulhu Mythos is a mythopoeia and a shared universe, originating in the works of American horror writer H. P. Lovecraft. The term was coined by August Derleth, a contemporary correspondent and protégé of Lovecraft, to describe the settings, tropes, and lore employed by Lovecraft and his literary successors. The name "Cthulhu" derives from the central creature in Lovecraft's seminal short story "The Call of Cthulhu", first published in the pulp magazine Weird Tales in 1928.

Richard L. Tierney, a writer who also wrote Mythos tales, later applied the term "Derleth Mythos" to distinguish Lovecraft's works from Derleth's later stories, which modify key tenets of the Mythos. Authors of Lovecraftian horror in particular frequently use elements of the Cthulhu Mythos.: viii–ix

List of Cthulhu Mythos deities
Cthulhu Mythos deities are a group of fictional deities created by American author H. P. Lovecraft (1890–1937), and later expanded by others in the fictional universe known as the Cthulhu mythos.

These entities are usually depicted as immensely powerful and utterly indifferent to humans. Humans can barely begin to comprehend them; however, some entities are worshipped by humans. These deities include the "Great Old Ones" and extraterrestrials, such as the "Elder Things", with sporadic references to other miscellaneous deities (e.g. Nodens). The "Elder Gods" are a later creation of other prolific writers who expanded on Lovecraft's concepts, such as August Derleth, who was credited with formalizing the Cthulhu Mythos. Most of these deities were Lovecraft's original creations, but he also adapted words or concepts from earlier writers such as Ambrose Bierce, and later writers in turn used Lovecraft's concepts and expanded his fictional universe.
Shelby County, Missouri
Shelby County is a county located in the northeastern portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,103. Its county seat is Shelbyville. The county was established on January 2, 1835, and named for Governor Isaac Shelby of Kentucky.

Macon County, Missouri
Macon County is a county located in the northern portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,209. Its county seat is Macon. The county was organized January 6, 1837, and named for Nathaniel Macon, a Revolutionary War hero and North Carolina politician.
The Sign of the Four
The Sign of the Four, also called The Sign of Four, is an 1890  detective novel, the second novel featuring Sherlock Holmes by British writer Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Doyle wrote four novels and 56 short stories featuring the fictional detective.

Lippincott's Monthly Magazine
Lippincott's Monthly Magazine was a 19th-century literary magazine published in Philadelphia from 1868 to 1915, when it relocated to New York to become McBride's Magazine. It merged with Scribner's Magazine in 1916.

Lippincott's published original works, general articles, and literary criticism. It is indexed in the Reader's Guide Retrospective database, and the full-text of many issues is available online from Project Gutenberg, and in various commercial databases such as the American Periodicals Series from ProQuest.

Lippincott's was published by J. B. Lippincott of Philadelphia until 1914, then by McBride, Nast & Co. There were 96 semi-annual volumes. From 1881 to 1885 they were issued as vols. 1 to 10 "New Series" or "N.S." (see image) and bound such as "Old Series, Vol. XXVII – New Series, Vol. I" (January to June 1881) but the old series was resumed with January 1887 issued as volume 37, number 1.
Arizona Complex League Diamondbacks
The Arizona Complex League Diamondbacks are a professional baseball team competing as a Rookie-level affiliate of the Arizona Diamondbacks in the Arizona Complex League of Minor League Baseball. The team plays its home games at Salt River Fields at Talking Stick near Scottsdale, Arizona. The team is composed mainly of players who are in their first year of professional baseball either as draftees or non-drafted free agents from the United States, Canada, Dominican Republic, Venezuela, and other countries.

Dominican Summer League Diamondbacks
The Dominican Summer League Diamondbacks or DSL Diamondbacks, commonly called the DSL D-backs, are a Rookie League affiliate of the Arizona Diamondbacks based in the Dominican Republic. They play in the Baseball City Division of the Dominican Summer League.
Turkish Airlines
Turkish Airlines (Turkish: Türk Hava Yolları), or legally Türk Hava Yolları Anonim Ortaklığı, is the flag carrier of Turkey. As of June 2024, it operates scheduled services to 352 destinations (including cargo) in Europe, Asia, Oceania, Africa, and the Americas. The airline serves more destinations non-stop from a single airport than any other airline in the world and flies to 131 countries, more than any other airline. With an operational fleet of 24 cargo aircraft, the airline's cargo division Turkish Cargo serves 82 destinations. The airline also owns a low-cost subsidiary, AJet.

The airline's corporate headquarters are on the grounds of Atatürk Airport in Yeşilköy, Bakırköy, Istanbul. The airline's main base is Istanbul Airport in Arnavutköy. It has been a member of the Star Alliance network since 1 April 2008.

Adnan Menderes
Ali Adnan Ertekin Menderes (Turkish: [adˈnan ˈmændeɾes]; 1899 – 17 September 1961) was a Turkish politician who served as Prime Minister of Turkey between 1950 and 1960. He was one of the founders of the Democrat Party (DP) in 1946, the fourth legal opposition party of Turkey. He was tried and hanged under the military junta after the 1960 coup d'état, along with two other cabinet members, Fatin Rüştü Zorlu and Hasan Polatkan. During his tenure, Turkey participated in the Korean War, and was admitted to NATO in 1952. He was the last Turkish political leader to be executed after a military coup. He is also one of the four political leaders of the Turkish Republic who have been honored with a mausoleum, the others being Kemal Atatürk, Süleyman Demirel, and Turgut Özal.
Martin Edwards
Charles Martin Edwards (born 24 July 1945) is the former chairman of Manchester United, a position he held from 1980 until 2002. He now holds the position of honorary life president at the club and Director of Inview Technology Ltd.

Michael Knighton
Michael Knighton (born 4 October 1951) is an English businessman, best known for his involvement in Manchester United and Carlisle United football clubs. Knighton first came to prominence in 1989 for his aborted £20 million bid to buy Manchester United, which resulted in him taking a seat on the club's board.
Théophile Gautier
Pierre Jules Théophile Gautier (US: /ɡoʊˈtjeɪ/ goh-TYAY; French: [pjɛʁ ʒyl teɔfil ɡotje]; 30 August 1811 – 23 October 1872) was a French poet, dramatist, novelist, journalist, and art and literary critic.

While an ardent defender of Romanticism, Gautier's work is difficult to classify and remains a point of reference for many subsequent literary traditions such as Parnassianism, Symbolism, Decadence and Modernism. He was widely esteemed by writers as disparate as Balzac, Baudelaire, the Goncourt brothers, Flaubert, Pound, Eliot, James, Proust and Wilde.

Charles Nodier
Jean Charles Emmanuel Nodier (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ ʃaʁl emanɥɛl nɔdje]; 29 April 1780 – 27 January 1844) was a French author and librarian who introduced a younger generation of Romanticists to the conte fantastique, gothic literature, and vampire tales. His dream related writings influenced the later works of Gérard de Nerval.
Bethlehem Steel F.C. (1907–1930)
Bethlehem Steel Football Club (1907–1930) was one of the most successful early American soccer clubs. Known as the Bethlehem Football Club from 1907 until 1915 when it became the Bethlehem Steel Football Club, the team was sponsored by the Bethlehem Steel corporation.  Bethlehem Steel FC played their home games first at East End Field in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, in the Lehigh Valley, then later on the grounds Bethlehem Steel built on Elizabeth Ave named Bethlehem Steel Athletic Field.

New Bedford Whalers
New Bedford Whalers was the name of three American soccer teams based in New Bedford, Massachusetts. The first Whalers played in the Southern New England Soccer League between 1914 and 1918. The second Whalers played in the American Soccer League between 1924 and 1931 before merging into Fall River F.C. The third Whalers were then formed when Fall River merged with New York Yankees. They played in the ASL between 1931 and 1932.