hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Umbria
Umbria (/ˈʌmbriə/ UM-bree-ə; Italian: [ˈumbrja]) is a region of central Italy. It includes Lake Trasimeno and Marmore Falls, and is crossed by the Tiber. It is the only landlocked region on the Apennine Peninsula. The capital is Perugia. The region has 851,954 inhabitants as of 2025.

The region is characterized by hills, mountains, thick forests, valleys and historical towns such as the university centre of Perugia, Assisi (a World Heritage Site associated with St. Francis of Assisi), Terni, Norcia, Città di Castello, Gubbio, Spoleto, Orvieto, Todi, Castiglione del Lago, Narni, Amelia, Spello and other small cities.

Regions of Italy
The regions of Italy (Italian: regioni d'Italia) are the first-level administrative divisions of the Italian Republic, constituting its second NUTS administrative level. There are twenty regions, five of which are autonomous regions with special status. Under the Constitution of Italy, each region is an autonomous entity with defined powers. With the exception of the Aosta Valley (since 1945) and Friuli-Venezia Giulia (since 2015), each region is divided into a number of provinces.
Pinus albicaulis
Pinus albicaulis, known by the common names whitebark pine, white bark pine, white pine, pitch pine, scrub pine, and creeping pine, is a conifer tree native to the mountains of the western United States and Canada, specifically subalpine areas of the Sierra Nevada, Cascade Range, Pacific Coast Ranges, Rocky Mountains, and Ruby Mountains. It shares the common name "creeping pine" with several other plants.

The whitebark pine is typically the highest-elevation pine tree found in these mountain ranges and often marks the tree line. Thus, it is often found as krummholz, trees growing close to the ground that have been dwarfed by exposure. In more favorable conditions, the trees may grow to 29 meters (95 ft) in height.

Pinus contorta
Pinus contorta, with the common names lodgepole pine, shore pine, twisted pine, and contorta pine, is an evergreen species of conifer tree. It is a common pine in western North America, found near the ocean shore and in dry montane forests to the subalpine, but is rare in lowland rain forests.
San Francisco Shock
The San Francisco Shock are an American professional Overwatch esports team based in San Francisco, California. The Shock competed in the Overwatch League (OWL) as a member of the league's West region. Founded in 2017, the San Francisco Shock was one of the twelve founding members of the OWL and was one of three professional Overwatch teams in California. The team is owned by Andy Miller, co-owner of the Sacramento Kings and NRG Esports. In their time with the OWL, the Shock won three midseason tournament titles, qualified for four season playoffs, reached the Grand Finals three times, and won back-to-back Grand Finals, making them one of the most accomplished franchise in Overwatch League history.

Chengdu Hunters
Chengdu Hunters (simplified Chinese: 成都猎人; traditional Chinese: 成都獵人; pinyin: Chéngdū Lièrén) were a Chinese professional Overwatch esports team based in Chengdu, China. The Hunters competed in the Overwatch League (OWL) as a member of the league's East region. The team was owned by Huya, Inc., a Chinese interactive broadcast platform and was operated by Royal Never Give Up (RNG) throughout the 2019 and 2020 OWL seasons. The Hunters also formerly had partnership with Overwatch Contenders the team LGE.Huya to act as the team's academy team. Founded in 2018, Chengdu Hunters began play as one of eight expansion teams in 2019 and was one of four professional Overwatch teams in China. Since inception, the Hunters had qualified for the season playoffs once, in 2021. The team disbanded in 2023.
Kyushu
Kyushu (九州, Kyūshū; pronounced [kʲɯꜜː.ɕɯː] ⓘ, lit. 'nine provinces') is the third-largest and most southerly of Japan's four main islands. In the past, it has been known as Kyūkoku (九国, "Nine Countries"), Chinzei (鎮西, "West of the Pacified Area") and Tsukushi-no-shima (筑紫島, "Island of Tsukushi"). The historical regional name Saikaidō (西海道; lit. West Sea Circuit) referred to Kyushu and its surrounding islands. Kyushu has a land area of 36,782 square kilometres (14,202 sq mi) and a population of 14,311,224 in 2018.

There is a theory that Kyushu was in ancient times home to its own independent dynasty, where a unique, southern-influenced culture and tradition distinct from that of Honshu flourished.

In the 8th-century Taihō Code reforms, Dazaifu was established as a special administrative term for the region.

Tanegashima
Tanegashima (種子島; Japanese pronunciation: [ta.ne.ɡaꜜ.ɕi.ma, -ne.ŋaꜜ-]) is one of the Ōsumi Islands belonging to Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. The island, 444.99 km2 (171.81 sq mi) in area, is the second largest of the Ōsumi Islands, and has a population of 33,000 people. Access to the island is by ferry, or by air to New Tanegashima Airport. Administratively, the island is divided into the city, Nishinoomote, and the two towns, Nakatane and Minamitane. The towns belong to Kumage District.
2023 CONCACAF Nations League Finals
The 2023 CONCACAF Nations League Finals was the final tournament of the 2022–23 edition of the CONCACAF Nations League, the second season of the international football competition involving the men's national teams of the 41 member associations of CONCACAF. The event was held from June 15 to 18, 2023 at Allegiant Stadium in Paradise, Nevada, United States, and was contested by the four group winners of League A.

The United States defeated Canada 2–0 in the final to secure a second consecutive CONCACAF Nations League title.

2024 CONCACAF Nations League Finals
The 2024 CONCACAF Nations League Finals was the final tournament of the 2023–24 edition of the CONCACAF Nations League, the third season of the international football competition involving the men's national teams of the 41 member associations of CONCACAF. It was held from March 21 to 24, 2024, at AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas, United States.

The United States defeated Mexico 2–0 in the final to secure a third consecutive CONCACAF Nations League title.
Drinking water
Drinking water or potable water is water that is safe for ingestion, either when drunk directly in liquid form or consumed indirectly through food preparation. It is often supplied through taps, in which case it is also called tap water.

The amount of drinking water required to maintain good health varies, and depends on physical activity, age, health-related issues, and environmental conditions. For those who work in a hot climate, up to 16 liters (4.2 U.S. gal) a day may be required.

As many as two billion people lack safe drinking water. Water can carry vectors of disease and is a major cause of death and illness worldwide. Developing countries are most affected by unsafe drinking water.

Water chlorination
Water chlorination is the process of adding chlorine or chlorine compounds such as sodium hypochlorite to water. This method is used to kill  bacteria, viruses and other microbes in water. In particular, chlorination is used to prevent the spread of waterborne diseases such as cholera, dysentery, and typhoid.
Moving Picture Experts Group
The Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) is an alliance of working groups established jointly by ISO and IEC that sets standards for media coding, including compression coding of audio, video, graphics, and genomic data; and transmission and file formats for various applications. Together with JPEG, MPEG is organized under ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 – Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information (ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1, Subcommittee 29).

MPEG formats are used in various multimedia systems. The most well known older MPEG media formats typically use MPEG-1, MPEG-2, and MPEG-4 AVC media coding and MPEG-2 systems transport streams and program streams. Newer systems typically use the MPEG base media file format and dynamic streaming (a.k.a. MPEG-DASH).

Container format
A container format (informally, sometimes called a wrapper) or metafile is a file format that allows multiple data streams to be embedded into a single file, usually along with metadata for identifying and further detailing those streams.  Notable examples of container formats include archive files (such as the ZIP format) and formats used for multimedia playback (such as Matroska, MP4, and AVI). Among the earliest cross-platform container formats were Distinguished Encoding Rules and the 1985 Interchange File Format.
Roman Catholic Diocese of Halberstadt
The Diocese of Halberstadt was a Catholic diocese (German: Bistum Halberstadt) from 804 until 1648. From 1180, the bishops or administrators of Halberstadt ruled a state within the Holy Roman Empire, the prince-bishopric of Halberstadt (German Hochstift Halberstadt). The diocesan seat and secular capital was Halberstadt in present-day Saxony-Anhalt.

Prince-Bishopric of Hildesheim
The Prince-Bishopric of Hildesheim (German: Hochstift Hildesheim, Fürstbistum Hildesheim, Bistum Hildesheim, Fürstentum Hildesheim) was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire from the Middle Ages until its dissolution in 1803. The Prince-Bishopric must not be confused with the Diocese of Hildesheim, which was larger and over which the prince-bishop exercised only the spiritual authority of an ordinary bishop.
Hawthorne Bridge
The Hawthorne Bridge is a truss bridge with a vertical lift that spans the Willamette River in Portland, Oregon, joining Hawthorne Boulevard and Madison Street. It is the oldest vertical-lift bridge in operation in the United States and the oldest highway bridge in Portland. It is also the busiest bicycle bridge in Oregon, with over 8,000 cyclists and 800 TriMet buses (carrying about 17,400 riders) daily. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in November 2012.

Morrison Bridge
The Morrison Bridge is a bascule bridge that spans the Willamette River in Portland, Oregon. Completed in 1958, it is the third bridge at approximately the same site to carry that name. It is one of the most heavily used bridges in Portland. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in November 2012.
Waw (letter)
Waw (wāw "hook") is the sixth letter of the Semitic abjads,  including 
Phoenician wāw 𐤅, 
Aramaic waw 𐡅,
Hebrew vav ו‎, 
Syriac waw ܘ 
and Arabic wāw و‎ (sixth in abjadi order; 27th in modern Arabic order). It is also related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪅‎‎‎, South Arabian 𐩥, and Ge'ez ወ.

It represents the consonant [w] in classical Hebrew, and [v] in modern Hebrew, as well as the vowels [u] and [o]. In text with niqqud, a dot is added to the left or on top of the letter to indicate, respectively, the two vowel pronunciations.

It is the origin of Greek Ϝ (digamma) and Υ (upsilon); Latin F, V and later the derived Y, U and W; and the also derived Cyrillic У and Ѵ.

He (letter)
He is the fifth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician hē 𐤄, Hebrew hē ה‎, Aramaic hē 𐡄, Syriac hē ܗ, and Arabic hāʾ ه‎. It is also related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪀‎‎‎, South Arabian 𐩠, and Ge'ez ሀ. Its sound value is the voiceless glottal fricative ([h]).

The proto-Canaanite letter gave rise to the Greek Epsilon Ε ε, Etruscan  𐌄, Latin E, Ë and Ɛ, and  Cyrillic Е, Ё, Є, Э, and Ҩ. He, like all Phoenician letters, represented a consonant, but the Latin, Greek and Cyrillic equivalents have all come to represent vowel sounds.
Genesee County, New York
Genesee County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 58,388. Its county seat is Batavia. Its name is from the Seneca word Gen-nis'-hee-yo, meaning "the Beautiful Valley". The county was created in 1802 and organized in 1803. The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.

Genesee County comprises the Batavia, NY micropolitan statistical area, which is also in the Rochester-Batavia-Seneca Falls, NY combined statistical area. It is in Western New York. It is the namesake of Genesee County, Michigan; that is, the Michigan county was named for Genesee County, New York.

Orleans County, New York
Orleans County is a county in the western part of the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,343. The county seat is Albion. The county received its name at the insistence of Nehemiah Ingersoll though historians are unsure how the name was selected. The two competing theories are that it was named to honor the French Royal House of Orleans or that it was to honor Andrew Jackson's victory in New Orleans.

Located on the south shore of Lake Ontario, Orleans County since the late 20th century has been considered part of the Rochester, New York metropolitan area.
Blyth Spartans A.F.C.
Blyth Spartans Association Football Club is an association football club based in Blyth, Northumberland. They are currently members of Northern Premier League Division One East and play at Croft Park.

They were founded in September 1899 by Fred Stoker, who was the club's first secretary before forming a practice as a distinguished physician in London's Harley Street. He thought it appropriate to name the team after the Greek Spartan army in the hope that the players would give their all as they went into 'battle' on the field of play. The club is most notable for its 1977–78 FA Cup campaign, in which they went all the way to the fifth round, eventually losing to Wrexham in a replay at St James' Park.

Worksop Town F.C.
Worksop Town Football Club is an English football club based in Worksop, Nottinghamshire. The team play in the National League North. They are nicknamed The Tigers and play their home games at Sandy Lane in Worksop.
Querétaro F.C.
Querétaro Fútbol Club, simplified as  Querétaro FC, and also known as Gallos Blancos de Querétaro, is a Mexican professional football club based in Querétaro. It competes in Liga MX, the top division of Mexican football, and plays its home matches at the Estadio Corregidora. 
Founded in 1950 as a founding member of the Segunda División, the club participated under the name Gallos Blancos UAQ, from 1981 to 1989. Their colors are blue, black, and white.

Domestically, Querétaro FC has won one Copa MX by defeating Guadalajara and one Supercopa MX by defeating América.

Although the club has not had significant success in Mexico since it has not won any league title, the team has featured various professional football stars, including Ronaldinho and Antonio Valencia.

Atlante F.C.
Atlante Fútbol Club, simplified as Atlante FC, is a Mexican professional football club based in Zacatepec, Morelos. It competes in Liga de Expansión MX, the second level division of Mexican football, and plays its home matches at the Estadio Agustín "Coruco" Díaz.
Founded in 1916 in Mexico City as Sinaloa, later named Lusitania, U-53 (honoring a German submarine), and Atlántico (related  with the Atlantic Ocean), which due to colloquial use, changed to its current name in 1921. Atlante was one of ten founding members in 1943 of the first professional and national league in Mexico, named Liga Mayor (current Liga MX).

Domestically, Atlante FC has won 3 Liga MX titles, two Copa MX titles and one Campeón de Campeones. Internationally, it has won two CONCACAF Champions Cup/Champions League titles and reached the semifinals in the 2009 FIFA Club World Cup.

As of December 2024, Atlante is now headquartered in Zacatepec, Morelos.
Annecy station
Annecy station (French: Gare d'Annecy) is a railway station located in Annecy, Haute-Savoie, south-eastern France. The station was opened in 1866 and is located on the Aix-les-Bains–Annemasse railway and the now closed Annecy-Albertville railway, part of which is now used as a bike path. The trains serving this station are operated by SNCF. In December 2012 a new multimodal interchange between bus routes and the train station was opened.

Annemasse station
Annemasse station (French: Gare d'Annemasse) is a railway station located in Annemasse, Haute-Savoie, south-eastern France. The station was opened in 1880 and is located on the Aix-les-Bains–Annemasse railway, Longeray-Léaz-Le Bouveret railway, and CEVA orbital railway. It was formerly the eastern terminus of the Annemasse-Genève-Eaux-Vives railway. The train services are operated by SNCF and Léman Express.
Randesund
Randesund is a village and district within the city of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway. The district is located within the borough of Oddernes along the southern coastline between the two fjords Kvåsefjorden and Topdalsfjorden and south of the districts of Søm and Hånes. There are several small islands just off the coast of Randesund, including Dvergsøya, Randøya, and Herøya, all popular tourist destinations. The village of Randesund is located in the central part of the district and it is the site of Randesund Church. There was a separate municipality of Randesund (larger than the present-day district) that existed from 1893 until 1965.

Oddernes
Oddernes is a borough in the city of Kristiansand which lies in the municipality of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway. The borough covers eastern Kristiansand on the east side of the Topdalsfjorden and the Varodd Bridge.  The borough includes the former municipalities of Randesund and Tveit.  There was a municipality of Oddernes from 1838 until 1965, but its boundaries were very different from those of the present-day borough.
Wade Hampton III
Wade Hampton III (March 28, 1818 – April 11, 1902) was an American politician from South Carolina. He was a prominent member of one of the richest families in the antebellum Southern United States, owning thousands of acres of cotton land in South Carolina and Mississippi, as well as thousands of slaves. He became a senior general in the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia during the American Civil War. He also  had a career as a leading Democratic Party politician in state and national affairs.

By 1877, at the end of the Reconstruction era, Hampton was a leader of the Redeemers, white Southerners who successfully fought to restore white supremacy in the state. His campaign for governor was marked by extensive violence by the Red Shirts, a white-supremacist paramilitary group that disrupted elections and suppressed black voters in the state. Hampton was elected governor, serving from 1876 to 1879. After that, he served two terms as U.S. Senator from 1879 to 1891.

Fitzhugh Lee
Fitzhugh Lee (November 19, 1835 – April 28, 1905) was an American Confederate cavalry general in the American Civil War, the 40th Governor of Virginia, diplomat, and United States Army general in the Spanish–American War. He was a descendant of the Lee Family of Virginia - the son of Sydney Smith Lee, a captain in the Confederate States Navy, and the nephew of Robert E. Lee.
Erik Josten
Erik Josten, also known as Power Man, Smuggler, Goliath and Atlas, is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character has been a prominent member of both the Masters of Evil and the Thunderbolts.

Helmut Zemo
Helmut Zemo is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Roy Thomas, Jenny Blake Isabella and Sal Buscema, the character first appeared in Captain America #168 (December 1973). Helmut Zemo is the son of Baron Heinrich Zemo and the thirteenth Baron Zemo in his family lineage. He is a recurring adversary of the Avengers, especially the superhero Steve Rogers / Captain America. The character has also been known as Citizen V at various points in his history.

Daniel Brühl portrays the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, appearing in the film Captain America: Civil War (2016) and the Disney+ series The Falcon and the Winter Soldier (2021).
Gossau SG railway station
Gossau SG railway station (German: Bahnhof Gossau SG) is a railway station in Gossau, in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen. It is an intermediate station on the St. Gallen–Winterthur line and the terminus of the Sulgen–Gossau and 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge Gossau–Wasserauen lines.

Wasserauen railway station
Wasserauen railway station (German: Bahnhof Wasserauen) is a railway station in Wasserauen in the district of Schwende-Rüte, in the Swiss canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden. It is located on the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge Gossau–Wasserauen line of Appenzell Railways.
University of Colombo
The University of Colombo (informally Colombo University or UoC) is a public research university located primarily in Colombo, Sri Lanka. It is the oldest institution of modern higher education in Sri Lanka. It specializes in the fields of Natural, Social, Applied, Formal, and Computer Sciences as well as Fine Arts, Law and Technology. It is ranked among the top 10 universities in South Asia.

The University of Colombo was founded in 1921 as University College Colombo, affiliated with the University of London. Degrees were issued to its students from 1923 onwards. The university traces its roots to 1870 when the Ceylon Medical School was established. UoC has produced notable alumni in the fields of science, law, economics, business, literature, and politics.

University of Moratuwa
The University of Moratuwa (also referred as Moratuwa University) (Sinhala: මොරටුව විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය Moraṭuwa Wiśwawidyālaya, Tamil: மொறட்டுவைப் பல்கலைக்கழகம்) is a public university in Sri Lanka. It is located on the bank of the Bolgoda Lake in Katubedda, Moratuwa, a suburb of Sri Lanka's capital Colombo. It is the most acclaimed and prestigious university in Sri Lanka for Engineering.

Apart from academics including undergraduate and postgraduate studies, the University of Moratuwa presents social and cultural activities, student services, societies, and sports and recreational activities. The institution was known as Ceylon College of Technology, Katubedda (Katubedda Tech) before gaining university status. Its roots go back to the Institute of Practical Technology founded in 1960 to provide technical education.
Tribe of Gad
According to the Bible, the Tribe of Gad (Hebrew: גָּד, Modern: Gad, Tiberian: Gāḏ, "soldier" or "luck") was one of the Twelve Tribes of Israel who, after the Exodus from Egypt, settled on the eastern side of the Jordan River. It is one of the ten lost tribes.

Tribe of Asher
According to the Hebrew Bible, the Tribe of Asher was one of the Tribes of Israel descended from Asher (Hebrew: אָשֵׁר, Modern: ʼAšer, Tiberian: ʼĀšēr, "happy one"), the eighth son of Jacob. It is one of the ten lost tribes.
List of bus routes in Brooklyn
The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) operates a number of bus routes in Brooklyn, New York, United States; one minor route is privately operated under a city franchise. Many of them are direct descendants of streetcar lines (see list of streetcar lines in Brooklyn); most of the ones that started out as bus routes were operated by the Brooklyn Bus Corporation, a subsidiary of the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation, until the New York City Board of Transportation took over on June 5, 1940. Of the 55 local Brooklyn routes operated by the New York City Transit Authority, roughly 35 are the direct descendants of one or more streetcar lines, and most of the others were introduced in full or in part as new bus routes by the 1930s. Only the B32, the eastern section of the B82 (then the B50), the B83, and the B84 were created by New York City Transit from scratch, in 1978, 1966, and 2013, respectively.

B15 (New York City bus)
The Sumner Avenue Line and New Lots Avenue Line were two streetcar lines in Brooklyn, New York City, running mainly along Marcus Garvey Boulevard (formerly Sumner Avenue), East 98th Street, and New Lots Avenue between northern Bedford–Stuyvesant and New Lots. Originally streetcar lines, the two lines were combined as a bus route in 1947. That bus route became the present B15 Marcus Garvey Boulevard / New Lots Avenue service, operated by MTA New York City Bus' East New York Depot in East New York. The B15 continues east from New Lots to John F. Kennedy International Airport in Queens.