hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Guglielmo Marconi
Guglielmo Giovanni Maria Marconi, 1st Marquess (25 April 1874 – 20 July 1937), was an Italian radio-frequency engineer, inventor, and politician known for his creation of a practical radio wave-based wireless telegraph system. This led to his being largely credited as the inventor of radio and sharing the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics with Ferdinand Braun "in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy."
His work laid the foundation for the development of radio, television, and all modern wireless communication systems.

As an entrepreneur and a businessman, Marconi founded The Wireless Telegraph & Signal Company (later the Marconi Company) in the United Kingdom in 1897. In 1929, he was ennobled as a marquess (Italian: marchese) by King Victor Emmanuel III. In 1931, he set up Vatican Radio for Pope Pius XI.

Reginald Fessenden
Reginald Aubrey Fessenden (October 6, 1866 – July 22, 1932) was a Canadian-American electrical engineer and inventor who received hundreds of patents in fields related to radio and sonar between 1891 and 1936 (seven of them after his death).

Fessenden pioneered developments in radio technology, including the foundations of amplitude modulation (AM) radio. His achievements included the first transmission of speech by radio (1900), and the first two-way radiotelegraphic communication across the Atlantic Ocean (1906). In 1932 he claimed that, in late 1906, he had also made the first radio broadcast of entertainment and music, although that claim has not been well documented.

He did a majority of his work in the United States and, in addition to his Canadian citizenship, claimed U.S. citizenship through his American-born father.
Paris Marathon
The Paris Marathon (French: Marathon de Paris) is an annual marathon hosted by the city of Paris, France. It is the largest running event in France in terms of finishers and is typically among the five largest marathons in the world.

The marathon begins along the Champs-Élysées, runs southeast through the city to the Bois de Vincennes, heads back through the city along the River Seine, and finishes on Avenue Foch.

Paris Half Marathon
The Paris Half Marathon (French: Semi-marathon de Paris), known as the Harmonie Mutuelle Semi de Paris for sponsorship reasons, is an annual half marathon held every March in Paris, France since 1993.

Kenya's Stanley Biwott is the men's course record holder, with his winning time of 59:44 from the 2012 race. The women's course record is held by Pauline Njeri Kahenya, who ran a time of 1:07:55 in 2012. Around 30,000 runners took part in the event in 2011.

The 2020 edition of the race was cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic, with all registrants given the option of transferring their entry to 2021, obtaining a voucher of equivalent value, or obtaining a refund after 18 months.
William Hazlitt
William Hazlitt (10 April 1778 – 18 September 1830) was an English essayist, drama and literary critic, painter, social commentator, and philosopher. He is now considered one of the greatest critics and essayists in the history of the English language, placed in the company of Samuel Johnson and George Orwell. He is also acknowledged as the finest art critic of his age. Despite his high standing among historians of literature and art, his work is currently little read and mostly out of print.

During his lifetime he befriended many people who are now part of the 19th-century literary canon, including Charles and Mary Lamb, Stendhal, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, and John Keats.

Thomas De Quincey
Thomas Penson De Quincey (/də ˈkwɪnsi/; né Thomas Penson Quincey; 15 August 1785 – 8 December 1859) was an English writer, essayist, and literary critic, best known for his Confessions of an English Opium-Eater (1821). Many scholars suggest that in publishing this work De Quincey inaugurated the tradition of addiction literature in the West.
El Lago, Texas
El Lago is a city in Harris County, Texas, United States. The population was 3,090 at the 2020 census.

El Lago has particular historical significance, as it sits on the site of one of the main hide-outs for the French pirate and privateer Jean Lafitte.

League City, Texas
League City is a city primarily in Galveston County, Texas, United States. It has a small portion north of Clear Creek within Harris County zoned for residential and commercial uses. The population was 114,392 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Greater Houston metropolitan area.

League City is home to several waterside resorts, such as South Shore Harbor Resort and Conference Center and Waterford Harbor and Yacht Club Marina, popular with residents of nearby Houston. Between 2000 and 2005, League City surpassed Galveston as Galveston County's largest city.
Sima Daozi
Sima Daozi (司馬道子) (363 – 3 February 403), courtesy name Daozi (道子), formally Prince Wenxiao of Kuaiji (會稽文孝王), was a regent during the reign of his nephew Emperor An of Jin, being the younger brother of Emperor Xiaowu.

Huan Xuan
Huan Xuan (Chinese: 桓玄; pinyin: Huán Xuán) (369 – 19 June 404), courtesy name Jingdao (敬道), nickname Lingbao (靈寶), formally Emperor Wudao of Chu (楚武悼帝), was a Eastern Jin Dynasty warlord who briefly took over the imperial throne from Emperor An of Jin and declared his own state of Chu (Chinese: 楚; pinyin: Chǔ) in 403, known in historiography as Huan Chu (Chinese: 桓楚; pinyin: Huán Chǔ), but was defeated by an uprising led by the general Liu Yu in 404 and killed.  He was the youngest son of Huan Wen.
Serbian language
Serbian is the standard variety of the Serbo-Croatian language, mainly used by Serbs. It is the national official language and literary standard of Serbia, one of the official languages in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo, and a recognized minority language in numerous countries.

Serbian is based on the most widespread supradialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian (more specifically on the dialects of Šumadija-Vojvodina and Eastern Herzegovina), which is also the basis of other Serbo-Croatian standard varieties: Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin.

Serbian is a rare example of synchronic digraphia, using both Cyrillic and Latin scripts.

Slavonic-Serbian
Slavonic-Serbian (славяносербскій, slavjanoserbskij), also known as Slavo-Serbian or Slaveno-Serbian (славено-сербскiй, slaveno-serbskij; Serbian: славеносрпски, slavenosrpski), was a literary language used by the Serbs in the Habsburg Empire, mostly in what is now Vojvodina, from the mid-18th century to the first decades of the 19th century, falling into obscurity by the 1870s. It was a linguistic blend of Church Slavonic of the Russian recension, vernacular Serbian (Shtokavian dialect), and Church Slavonic of the Serbian recension, with varying sources and differing attempts at standardisation.
Bubba Watson
Gerry Lester "Bubba" Watson Jr. (born November 5, 1978) is an American professional golfer. He has two major championships, with victories at the Masters Tournament in 2012 and 2014, and a total of 12 PGA Tour wins. In February 2015, Watson reached a career-high second place in the Official World Golf Ranking. Watson joined the LIV Golf League in 2022.

One of few left-handed tour golfers, Watson has consistently been among the longest drivers; in 2007, he had an average drive of 315.2 yards (288.2 m). He can hit a ball over 350 yards (320 m) and up to 194 mph (312 km/h). He has finished top of the driving distance statistics five times, during the 2006, 2007, 2008, 2012, and 2014 seasons.

Martin Laird
Martin Charles Campbell Laird (born 29 December 1982) is a Scottish professional golfer, playing on the PGA Tour. He has won four PGA Tour events in his career, most recently the Shriners Hospitals for Children Open in 2020. Until Russell Knox earned his card via the 2011 Nationwide Tour, Laird was the only Scottish player on the PGA Tour.
The Ed Sullivan Show
The Ed Sullivan Show is an American television variety show that ran on CBS from June 20, 1948, to March 28, 1971, and was hosted by New York entertainment columnist Ed Sullivan. It was replaced in September 1971 by the CBS Sunday Night Movie.

In 2002, The Ed Sullivan Show was ranked No. 15 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time. In 2013, the series finished No. 31 in TV Guide Magazine's 60 Best Series of All Time.

Shindig!
Shindig! is an American musical variety series which aired on ABC from September 16, 1964 to January 8, 1966. The show was hosted by Jimmy O'Neill, a disc jockey in Los Angeles, who created the show along with his wife Sharon Sheeley, British producer Jack Good, and production executive Art Stolnitz. The original pilot was rejected by ABC and David Sontag, then executive producer of ABC, redeveloped and completely redesigned the show. A new pilot with a new cast of artists was shot starring Sam Cooke. That pilot aired as the premiere episode.
Masa Kitamiya
Mitsuhiro Kitamiya (北宮 光洋, Kitamiya Mitsuhiro; born November 27, 1988) is a Japanese professional wrestler signed to Pro Wrestling Noah. Kitamiya's ring name Masa Kitamiya (マサ北宮, Masa Kitamiya) is a tribute to former professional wrestler Masa Saito. Kitamiya also wears a similar ring attire to Saito as tribute.

Jack Morris (wrestler)
Jack Morris Nicholson (born 6 October  1993) is a Scottish professional wrestler. He is currently signed to the Japanese promotion Pro Wrestling Noah, where he performs under the shortened ring name Jack Morris. In Pro Wrestling NOAH, he is a former GHC National Champion, former three-time GHC Tag Team Champion, and former leader of Team 2000X. Morris also makes occasional appearances on the British independent circuit.
Liverpool, New South Wales
Liverpool is a suburb in South Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is located 31 kilometres (19 mi) south-west of the Sydney central business district on the western bank of the Georges River. Liverpool is the administrative centre for the City of Liverpool local government area.

Hume Highway
The Hume Highway, including the sections now known as the Hume Freeway and the Hume Motorway, is one of Australia's major inter-city national highways, running for 840 kilometres (520 mi) between Melbourne in the northeast and Sydney in the southwest. Upgrading of the route from Sydney's outskirts to Melbourne's outskirts to dual carriageway was completed on 7 August 2013.

From north to south, the road is called the Hume Highway in metropolitan Sydney, the Hume Motorway between the Cutler Interchange and Berrima, the Hume Highway elsewhere in New South Wales and the Hume Freeway in Victoria. It is part of the Auslink National Network and is a vital link for road freight to transport goods to and from the two cities as well as serving Albury–Wodonga and Canberra. It is therefore considered to be Australia's longest highway in terms of its dual-carriageway standard retaining the M, or motorway, alphanumeric.
Al Feldstein
Albert Bernard Feldstein (/ˈfɛldstiːn/ FELD-steen; October 24, 1925 – April 29, 2014) was an American writer, editor, and artist, best known for his work at EC Comics and, from 1956 to 1985, as the editor of the satirical magazine Mad. After retiring from Mad, Feldstein concentrated on American paintings of Western wildlife.

Johnny Craig
John Thomas Alexis Craig (April 25, 1926 – September 13, 2001), was an American comic book artist notable for his work with the EC Comics line of the 1950s. He sometimes used the pseudonyms Jay Taycee and F. C. Aljohn.
Radek Štěpánek
Radek Štěpánek (Czech pronunciation: [ˈradɛk ˈʃcɛpaːnɛk]; born 27 November 1978) is a Czech former professional tennis player. His career-high singles ranking was world No. 8 and best doubles ranking was world No. 4. Štěpánek's biggest achievements are reaching two Masters 1000 event finals and the quarterfinals of Wimbledon in 2006, as well as winning the deciding match for Czech Republic's Davis Cup winning team in 2012 and again in 2013. In doubles, he won his first Grand Slam title at the 2012 Australian Open, along with Indian partner Leander Paes, defeating the Bryan Brothers in the final. Paes and Štěpánek also won the men's doubles title at the 2013 US Open, defeating Bruno Soares and Alexander Peya in the final. In November 2017, he became a coach of Novak Djokovic and in May 2019, he joined Andre Agassi as part of Grigor Dimitrov's coaching staff.

Marin Čilić
Marin Čilić (Croatian pronunciation: [mâriːn tʃǐːlitɕ]; born 28 September 1988) is a Croatian professional tennis player. He has been ranked as high as world No. 3 in men's singles by the ATP, achieved in January 2018. Čilić has won 21 ATP Tour-level singles titles, including the 2014 US Open. He was also finalist at the 2017 Wimbledon Championships and the 2018 Australian Open.

Playing for his country, Čilić was pivotal in the Croatian team's victory at the 2018 Davis Cup, and won an Olympic silver medal in men's doubles at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics partnering Ivan Dodig. Alongside Goran Ivanišević and Iva Majoli, he is widely considered to be one of the greatest Croatian tennis players in history.

Čilić has reached the semifinal stage or better at all four Majors, one of only four active players to do so, and the quarterfinal stage or better at all nine Masters tournaments. He is one of only six active players with 20 or more titles.
Montgomery County, Kansas
Montgomery County is a county located in Southeast Kansas.  Its county seat is Independence, and its most populous city is Coffeyville.  As of the 2020 United States census, the county population was 31,486.  The county was named after Richard Montgomery, a major general during the American Revolutionary War.

Elk County, Kansas
Elk County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas.  Its county seat and most populous city is Howard.  As of the 2020 census, the county population was 2,483.  The county was named for the Elk River.
El Soberano
El Soberano (Spanish for "the Sovereign"; born August 12, 1993), or Soberano Jr., is a Mexican luchador enmascarado (or masked professional wrestler), who works for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL). A third-generation wrestler, he is the son of Euforia and grandson of Pablo Moreno Román, also known under the ring name El Soberano. His real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans.

In his career, he has won the 2013 Torneo Sangre Nueva, the 2017 La Copa Junior Nuevo Valores and 2017 Torneo Gran Alternativa tournaments. He is a one-time CMLL World Middleweight Champion and one-time Mexican National Welterweight Champion. Alongside tag team partner Star Jr. (collectively known as Los Principes del Aire), he has won the masks of Ramstein and Cholo.

Flyer (wrestler)
Flyer (born October 3, 1994, in Monclova, Coahuila, Mexico) is the ring name of a Mexican Luchador enmascarado, or masked professional wrestler. He is the grandson of Ramón Ibarra Banda who has wrestled as "Volador" and "Super Parka" over the years and the nephew of Ramón Ibarra Rivera who has wrestled all over the world as "Volador Jr.". Flyer currently works for the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) as a tecnico (wrestling term for those that portray the "good guys"). El Flyer's full birth name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans.
Edinburgh Capitals
The Edinburgh Capitals are a Scottish ice hockey club, playing in the Scottish National League (SNL). They are based in the Scottish capital, Edinburgh. The team play at the Murrayfield Ice Rink, close to Murrayfield Rugby stadium.

In April 2018, a consortium led by David Hand (brother of ex-Racer Tony) won the contract for ice time at Murrayfield, effectively rendering the Capitals homeless.

The newly formed Murrayfield Racers applied to join the EIHL and take the Capitals' place but were rejected, plunging the future of top level ice hockey in the city into jeopardy.

The Racers were subsequently accepted into the Scottish National League (SNL) instead, where they remained until 2022.

However, in July 2022, four years after the Capitals had folded, it was announced that Murrayfield Ice Rink had new management and that the Edinburgh Capitals would return to play in the Scottish National League.

Dundee Stars
The Dundee Stars are a Scottish professional ice hockey team based in the city of Dundee. They were formed in 2001 and play their home games at the Dundee Ice Arena, situated off the city's main Kingsway dual carriageway.

The team currently play in the top professional UK-wide Elite Ice Hockey League and have previously played in others including the British National League (BNL), Scottish National League (SNL) and The Northern League.
In joining the Elite League (EIHL), they are one of three Scottish teams playing in the competition, alongside Glasgow Clan and Fife Flyers.
Metallicity
In astronomy, metallicity is the abundance of elements present in an object that are heavier than hydrogen and helium. Most of the normal currently detectable (i.e. non-dark) matter in the universe is either hydrogen or helium, and astronomers use the word metals as convenient shorthand for all elements except hydrogen and helium. This word-use is distinct from the conventional chemical or physical definition of a metal as an electrically conducting element. Stars and nebulae with relatively high abundances of heavier elements are called metal-rich when discussing metallicity, even though many of those elements are called nonmetals in chemistry.

Effective temperature
The effective temperature (aka ET) of a body such as a star or planet is the temperature of a black body that would emit the same total energy as electromagnetic radiation.  Effective temperature is often used as an estimate of a body's surface temperature when the body's emissivity curve (as a function of wavelength) is not known.

When the star's or planet's net emissivity in the relevant wavelength band is less than unity (less than that of a black body), the actual temperature of the body will be higher than the effective temperature.  The net emissivity may be low due to surface or atmospheric properties, such as the greenhouse effect.
Mumbai FC
Mumbai Football Club was an Indian professional football club based in Mumbai, Maharashtra. The club predominantly competed in I-League, then top flight of Indian football league system. Mumbai also participated in MDFA Elite League, now known as Mumbai Premier League. The club was founded in 2007, with the objective of providing a platform for the young aspiring footballers from the city to showcase their talent and to try to make it to the big stage. They were nicknamed both "Mumbaikars," and "Yellow Brigade."

The club gained promotion to the I-League after winning the 2008 I-League 2nd Division, and finished 7th in their maiden I-League campaign in 2008–09 season. Mumbai FC has a local rivalry with another Mumbai-based club Air India and state rivalry with Pune dubbed as the 'Maha' derby as both clubs play in the state of Maharashtra. The club became defunct by 2019.

United Sikkim FC
United Sikkim Football Club is an Indian professional football club based in Gangtok, Sikkim. Incorporated in 2011, the club usually competed in the Sikkim Premier Division League. United Sikkim is the only club from Sikkim to have played in the I-League, which was then the top tier of the Indian football league system.

Nicknamed the "Snow Lions", United Sikkim uses Paljor Stadium as home ground. It is owned by former India captain Bhaichung Bhutia, and was founded in order to give people of the Indian state of Sikkim a professional football team. In September 2019, Bhaichung Bhutia announced shutting the club down due to some unavoidable circumstances. During an emotional farewell event, he thanked all the players, staff and fans who supported the club over the years.

The club was revived again in January 2021, with aim to play in the Indian Super League. Besides inaugurating the senior and youth team, emphasis would be laid on bringing footballers from the villages.
Pacific Electric
The Pacific Electric Railway Company, nicknamed the Red Cars, was a privately owned mass transit system in Southern California consisting of electrically powered streetcars, interurban cars, and buses and was the largest electric railway system in the world in the 1920s. Organized around the city centers of Los Angeles and San Bernardino, it connected cities in Los Angeles County, Orange County, San Bernardino County and Riverside County.

The system shared dual gauge track with the 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) narrow-gauge Los Angeles Railway, "Yellow Car," or "LARy" system on Main Street in downtown Los Angeles (directly in front of the 6th and Main terminal), on 4th Street, and along Hawthorne Boulevard south of downtown Los Angeles toward the cities of Hawthorne, Gardena, and Torrance.

Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway
The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (reporting mark ATSF), often referred to as the Santa Fe or AT&SF, was one of the largest Class 1 railroads in the United States between 1859 and 1996.

The Santa Fe was a pioneer in intermodal freight transport; at various times, it operated an airline, the short-lived Santa Fe Skyway, and the Santa Fe Railroad tugboats. Its bus line extended passenger transportation to areas not accessible by rail, and ferryboats on the San Francisco Bay allowed travelers to complete their westward journeys to the Pacific Ocean. The AT&SF was the subject of a popular song, Harry Warren and Johnny Mercer's "On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe", written for the film The Harvey Girls (1946).

The railroad officially ceased independent operations on December 31, 1996, when it merged with the Burlington Northern Railroad to form the Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway.
Ken Griffey Sr.
George Kenneth Griffey Sr. (born April 10, 1950) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1973 through 1991, most notably as a member of the Cincinnati Reds team that won three division titles and two World Series championships between 1973 and 1976. He also played for the New York Yankees, Atlanta Braves, and Seattle Mariners.

A three-time All-Star, Griffey hit over .300 in five seasons for the powerful Cincinnati batting order that was known as the Big Red Machine for their dominance of the National League in the mid-1970s. In 2004, Griffey was inducted into the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame. He is the father of Hall of Fame outfielder Ken Griffey Jr.; the two were teammates on the Mariners for 51 games between 1990 and 1991.

Dave Concepción
David Ismael Concepción Benitez (born June 17, 1948) is a Venezuelan former professional baseball player and manager. He played his entire career in Major League Baseball as a shortstop for the Cincinnati Reds dynasty that won four National League pennants and two World Series championships between 1970 and 1976.

A nine-time All-Star player, Concepción earned five Gold Glove Awards as he teamed with Joe Morgan for one of the best middle-infield combinations of their era. He also won two Silver Slugger Awards and was named the MVP of the 1982 All-Star Game. In 2000, Concepción was inducted into the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame and in 2007, the team retired Concepción's uniform #13.
Hypha
A hypha (from Ancient Greek  ὑφή (huphḗ) 'web'; pl. hyphae) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium.

Cystidium
A cystidium (pl.: cystidia) is a relatively large cell found on the sporocarp of a basidiomycete (for example, on the surface of a mushroom gill), often between clusters of basidia. Since cystidia have highly varied and distinct shapes that are often unique to a particular species or genus, they are a useful micromorphological characteristic in the identification of basidiomycetes. In general, the adaptive significance of cystidia is not well understood.