hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Department for Education and Skills (United Kingdom)
The Department for Education and Skills (DfES) was a United Kingdom government department between 2001 and 2007,  responsible for the education system (including higher education and adult learning) as well as children's services in England.

The department was led by Secretary of State for Education and Skills.

The DfES had offices at four main locations: London (both at the Sanctuary Buildings and Caxton House), Sheffield (Moorfoot),  Darlington (Mowden Hall), and Runcorn (Castle View House). The DfES was also represented in regional Government Offices.

The DfES had jurisdiction only in England as education was the responsibility of the Scottish Government, Welsh Assembly Government and the Northern Ireland Assembly.

On 28 June 2007, the DfES was split up into the Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) and the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills. The DCSF was later reorganised as the Department for Education in 2010.

Academy (English school)
An academy school in England is a state-funded school which is directly funded by the Department for Education and independent of local authority control. The terms of the arrangements are set out in individual Academy Funding Agreements. 80% of secondary schools, 40% of primary schools and 44% of special schools are academies as of October 2023.

Academies are self-governing non-profit charitable trusts and may receive additional support from personal or corporate sponsors, either financially or in kind. Academies are inspected and follow the same rules on admissions, special educational needs and exclusions as other state schools and students sit the same national exams. They have more autonomy with the National Curriculum, but must ensure their curriculum is broad and balanced, and that it includes the core subjects of English, maths and science. They must also teach relationships and sex education, and religious education. They are free to choose their specialisms.
Detroit, Oregon
Detroit is a city in Marion County, Oregon, United States. It was named for Detroit, Michigan, in the 1890s because of the large number of people from Michigan in the community. The population was 203 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Idanha, Oregon
Idanha /ɪˈdænə/ is a city on the Marion County/Linn County line in Oregon, United States, on Oregon Route 22 and the North Santiam River. The population was 156 at the 2020 census.

The Marion County portion of Idanha is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area, while the Linn County portion is part of the Albany–Lebanon Micropolitan Statistical Area.

In 2015, the city's mayor, Cletus Moore, was arrested and charged with felony possession of methamphetamine.
Market maker
A market maker or liquidity provider is a company or an individual that quotes both a buy and a sell price in a tradable asset held in inventory, hoping to make a profit on the difference, which is called the bid–ask spread or turn. This stabilizes the market, reducing price variation (volatility) by setting a trading price range for the asset.

In U.S. markets, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission defines a "market maker" as a firm that stands ready to buy and sell stock on a regular and continuous basis at a publicly quoted price. A Designated Primary Market Maker (DPM) is a specialized market maker approved by an exchange to guarantee a buy or sell position in a particular assigned security, option, or option index.

Proprietary trading
Proprietary trading (also known as prop trading) occurs when a trader trades stocks, bonds, currencies, commodities, their derivatives, or other financial instruments with the firm's own money (instead of using customer funds) to make a profit for itself.

Proprietary traders may use a variety of strategies such as index arbitrage, statistical arbitrage, merger arbitrage, fundamental analysis, volatility arbitrage, or global macro trading, much like a hedge fund.
Yakkha people
The Yakkha or Dewan  (Nepali याक्खा, Yākkhā) are an indigenous ethnic group from the    Indian subcontinent, mainly in modern-day Nepal and present-day India (related to other Kirat groups, like the Limbu, Sunuwar, Rai, and more distantly all other Sino-Tibetan peoples). It is one of the descendants of Nepal's prehistoric Kirat dynasty. The Yakkha people are subsistence farmers who inhabit the lower Arun valley in eastern Nepal. They number only a few thousand and their language is nearly extinct.They are closely related to Limbu people.

Dhimal
The Dhimal or Dhemal (Sanskrit: धिमाल) are ethnic group residing in the eastern Terai of Nepal and West Bengal of India.  They are a Sino-Tibetan-speaking ethnic group of the eastern Terai. They mainly reside in Morang and Jhapa districts of Nepal and Darjeeling district of West Bengal, India.  Dhimals consider themselves of Limbu descent. They are respected as the "First Nepalese Citizens" of Damak municipality and are also Scheduled Indian tribes in West Bengal.
Solar mass
The solar mass (M☉) is a frequently used unit of mass in astronomy, equal to approximately 2×1030 kg. It is approximately equal to the mass of the Sun. It is often used to indicate the masses of other stars, as well as stellar clusters, nebulae, galaxies and black holes.  More precisely, the mass of the Sun is

The solar mass is about 333000 times the mass of Earth (M🜨), or 1047 times the mass of Jupiter (MJ).

Luminous blue variable
Luminous blue variables (LBVs) are rare, massive, evolved stars that show unpredictable and sometimes dramatic variations in their spectra and brightness. They are also known as S Doradus variables after S Doradus, one of the brightest stars of the Large Magellanic Cloud.
2004 Copa América
The 2004 Copa América was the 41st edition of the Copa América, the South-American championship for international association football teams. The competition was organized by CONMEBOL, South America's football governing body, and was held in Peru, who hosted the tournament for the sixth time, from 6 to 25 July.

The tournament was won by Brazil in a shootout over Argentina. This made Brazil hold the World Cup and Copa América titles simultaneously for the second time in history, as happened after 1997 Copa América.

There is no qualifying tournament for the final tournament. CONMEBOL's 10 South American countries participated, along with two more invited countries, making a total of twelve teams competing in the tournament. The two invited countries for this edition of the Copa América were Mexico and Costa Rica.

1995 Copa América
The 1995 Copa América football tournament was staged in Uruguay. The host country, Uruguay, won it for a record-tying 14th time by beating Brazil 5–3 in the penalty shootout after a 1–1 draw in the final. All 10 CONMEBOL members took part, with Mexico and the United States invited in order to reach 12 teams.

The United States was the surprise of the tournament, beating defending champions Argentina 3–0 and winning the group. The United States went on to defeat Mexico on penalties in the second round but then lost to Brazil 1–0 in the semi-finals. They then fell to Colombia 4–1 in the third-place game, finishing fourth overall.

In this edition of the tournament, extra time was not played if a match was drawn after 90 minutes. Instead it went straight to a penalty shootout.
Wayland, Massachusetts
Wayland is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. The town was founded in 1638, and incorporated in 1780 and was originally part of neighboring Sudbury (incorporated 1639). At the 2020 United States census, the population was 13,943. It contains the census-designated place of Cochituate.

Southborough, Massachusetts
Southborough is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. It incorporates the villages of Cordaville, Fayville, and Southville. Its name is often informally shortened to Southboro, a usage seen on many area signs and maps. At the 2020 census, its population was 10,450 in 3,542 households.

As of 2021, 43% of land use was residential, with 35% open space, including one-tenth of the town's area that is flooded by the Sudbury Reservoir. Light industrial land use is concentrated along main roads, primarily Massachusetts Route 9, and there are several small business districts in the villages and along Route 9.
Jon Champion
Jonathan Martin Champion (born 23 May 1965) is a British sports commentator currently working as an association football commentator for ESPN and NBC Sports. Champion is a well-established and experienced commentator who has also worked for the BBC and ITV over the last 20 years. Champion currently covers the FA Cup for ESPN, the Premier League for NBC Sports, and the 2024 national USA women's soccer team at the Olympics for USA/Peacock, sharing commentating duties with prior Olympic gold medalist Julie Foudy.

Adrian Healey
Adrian Healey is an English football commentator, currently working for ESPN and most recently with MLS Season Pass broadcasts on Apple TV. He is a veteran football commentator in the U.S., working for networks such as ESPN; he was part of the ESPN commentary team in South Africa for the 2010 World Cup. He has also been a fill-in host for Dan Thomas on ESPN's soccer show ESPN FC.
Thed Björk
Thed Björk Bang-Melchior (born 14 December 1980) is a Swedish racing driver, and 2017 World Touring Car Champion. Other notable titles include the 2006 Swedish Touring Car Championship and the 2013, 2014 and 2015 Scandinavian Touring Car Championship. He also finished second in 2005 and 2009, and third in the 2008 STCC and the 2012 TTA – Racing Elite League.

Cyan Racing
Cyan Racing is the official motorsport partner to Geely Group Motorsport, formerly the Volvo factory auto racing team, and runs the FIA WTCR programme for Lynk & Co, based in Gothenburg, Sweden. The team’s current drivers are Thed Björk, Yvan Muller, Yann Ehrlacher, Santiago Urrutia and Ma Qing Hua who will drive the Lynk & Co 03 TCR race car.

The team was founded by Jan "Flash" Nilsson as Flash Engineering in 1996.  Christian Dahl bought the team in 2005 and renamed it Polestar Racing. After Dahl sold the Polestar performance road car division to Volvo, the team was renamed Cyan Racing.
The Hollywood Reporter
The Hollywood Reporter (THR) is an American digital and print magazine which focuses on the film, television, theatre, and entertainment industries. It was founded in 1930 as a daily trade paper, and in 2010 switched to a weekly large-format print magazine with a revamped website. As of 2020, the day-to-day operations of the company are handled by Penske Media Corporation through a joint venture with Eldridge Industries.

The Hollywood Reporter has international editions in several countries. The magazine also sponsors and hosts major industry events.

Film Threat
Film Threat is an American online film review publication, and earlier, a national magazine that focused primarily on independent film, although it also reviewed videos and DVDs of mainstream films, as well as Hollywood movies in theaters. It first appeared as a photocopied zine in 1985, created by Wayne State University students Chris Gore and André Seewood. In 1997, Film Threat was converted to a solely online resource.

The current incarnation of Film Threat accepts money from filmmakers who are looking for a way to promote their films. Since 2011, those seeking a review from the site can pay between $50 and $400 for varying levels of service, ranging from a "guaranteed review within 7–10 days" to a package that includes a guarantee of "100K minimum impressions".
2017 Malaysia Super League
The 2017 Malaysia Super League (Malay: Liga Super Malaysia 2017) was the 14th season of the Malaysia Super League, the top-tier professional football league in Malaysia.

The season began on 20 January and concluded on 28 October 2017.

The defending champions were Johor Darul Ta'zim and retained the title from the previous season.

2022 Malaysia Super League
The 2022 Malaysia Super League (Malay: Liga Super Malaysia 2022), is the 19th season of the Malaysia Super League, the top-tier professional football league in Malaysia for association football clubs since its establishment in 2004, and the 41st season of top-flight Malaysia football overall.

The defending champions from the 2021 Malaysia Super League season is Johor Darul Ta'zim.
Infantry
Infantry, or infantryman are a type of soldier who specialize in ground combat, typically fighting dismounted. Historically the term was used to describe foot soldiers, i.e. those who march and fight on foot. In modern usage, the term broadly encompasses a wide variety of subspecialties, including light infantry, irregular infantry, heavy infantry, mountain infantry, motorized infantry, mechanized infantry, airborne infantry, air assault infantry, and naval infantry. Other subtypes of infantry, such as line infantry and mounted infantry, were once commonplace but fell out of favor in the 19th century with the invention of more accurate and powerful weapons.

Vanguard
The vanguard (sometimes abbreviated to van  and also called the advance guard) is the leading part of an advancing military formation. It has a number of functions, including seeking out the enemy and securing ground in advance of the main force.

In naval warfare the van is the advance ship, or fleet, that will make the initial engagement with an enemy fleet.
PAF Base Murid
Pakistan Air Force Base Murid or more simply PAF Base Murid (Urdu: پی اے ایف بیس مرید) is an operational flying base of the Pakistan Air Force located near the village of Murid in the Chakwal District of Punjab. It houses the UCAV and UAV fleet of the Pakistan Air Force.

PAF Base Rafiqui
Pakistan Air Force Base Rafiqui formerly known as PAF Base Shorkot (ICAO: OPRQ), is a Pakistan Air Force base located within the outskirts of Shorkot city in the Jhang District of Pakistan's Punjab province and around 337 kilometres (209 mi) south of Islamabad. The airbase was named in honor of Sarfaraz Ahmed Rafiqui, a war hero from the 1965 Indo-Pakistani war who is famous for fighting Indian Hawker Hunters and covering his flight members in an F-86 Sabre with jammed guns. It is the home of Central Air Command's 34th Tactical Attack Wing (34 TA Wing).
Car platform
A car platform is a shared set of common design, engineering, and production efforts, as well as major components, over a number of outwardly distinct models and even types of cars, often from different, but somewhat related, marques. It is practiced in the automotive industry to reduce the costs associated with the development of products by basing those products on a smaller number of platforms. This further allows companies to create distinct models from a design perspective on similar underpinnings. A car platform is not to be confused with a platform chassis, although such a chassis can be part of an automobile's design platform, as noted below.

Mid-size car
Mid-size, also known as intermediate, is a vehicle size class which originated in the United States and is used for cars larger than compact cars and smaller than full-size cars. "Large family car" is a UK term and a part of the D-segment in the European car classification. Mid-size cars are manufactured in a variety of body styles, including sedans, coupes, station wagons, hatchbacks, and convertibles. Compact executive cars can also fall under the mid-size category.
Steve Mariucci
Stephen Ray Mariucci (born November 4, 1955), nicknamed "Mooch", is an American sportscaster and former football coach who was the head coach of two National Football League (NFL) teams, the San Francisco 49ers (1997–2002) and the Detroit Lions (2003–2005), and for a year at the University of California, Berkeley.

Dick Jauron
Richard Manual Jauron (/dʒəˈrɒn/; October 7, 1950 – February 8, 2025) was an American professional football player and coach in the National Football League (NFL). He played eight seasons in the NFL as a safety, five with the Detroit Lions and three with the Cincinnati Bengals. Jauron served as the head coach of the Chicago Bears from 1999 to 2003 and the Buffalo Bills from 2006 until November 2009. He was also the interim head coach for the Lions for the final five games of the 2005 season. He was named the AP Coach of the Year in 2001 after leading the Bears to a 13–3 record.

Jauron played college football for the Yale Bulldogs. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2015. Jauron was selected a NFF Scholar Athlete in 1972.
York Region District School Board
The York Region District School Board (YRDSB), briefly the English-language Public District School Board No. 16 in 1999, is the English-language public school board for the Regional Municipality of York in Ontario, Canada. The York Region District School Board is the province's third-largest school board after Toronto's TDSB and Peel's PDSB, with an enrolment of over 122,000 students. It is in the fastest-growing census division in Ontario and the third-fastest growing in Canada.

The public francophone (Conseil scolaire Viamonde), English Catholic (York Catholic District School Board), and French Catholic (Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir) communities of York Region also have their own publicly funded school boards and schools that operate in the same area.

Conseil scolaire Viamonde
The Conseil scolaire Viamonde (CSV) is a public-secular French first language school board, and manages elementary and secondary schools in the Ontario Peninsula and the Greater Golden Horseshoe. The school board operates 41 elementary schools and 16 secondary schools within that area. The school board operates two offices, one in Toronto, and one in Welland. The educational management office is located in the Maple Leaf neighbourhood of Toronto, whereas the business and financial management office is located in Welland.

The school board was formed in 1998 after several local school boards were amalgamated into the French-language Public District School Board No. 58. From 1999 to 2010, the school board was known as Conseil Scolaire de District du Centre-Sud-Ouest. CSV is one of four members of the Association des conseils scolaires des écoles publiques de l'Ontario (ACÉPO).
Biberach (district)
Biberach (German pronunciation: [ˈbiːbəʁax] ⓘ) is a Landkreis (district) in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is bounded by (from the south and clockwise) the districts of Ravensburg, Sigmaringen, Reutlingen and Alb-Donau, and the Bavarian districts Neu-Ulm, Unterallgäu and the district-free city Memmingen. The major towns in the district of Biberach are Biberach an der Riß, Riedlingen, Ochsenhausen and Laupheim.

Districts of Germany
In 13 German states, the primary administrative subdivision higher than a Gemeinde (municipality) is the Landkreis (German pronunciation: [ˈlantˌkʁaɪs] ⓘ) or Kreis ([kʁaɪs] ⓘ). Most major cities in Germany are not part of any Kreis, but instead combine the functions of a municipality and a Kreis; such a city is referred to as a kreisfreie Stadt ([ˈkʁaɪsfʁaɪə ˈʃtat]) or Stadtkreis ([ˈʃtatˌkʁaɪs] ⓘ).

(Land-)Kreise stand at an intermediate level of administration between each state (Länder) and the municipalities (Gemeinden) within it. These correspond to level-3 administrative units in the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS 3).

Previously, the similar title Imperial Circle (Reichskreis) referred to groups of states in the Holy Roman Empire. The related term Landeskommissariat was used for similar administrative divisions in some German territories until the 19th century.
Pier (architecture)
A pier, in architecture, is an upright support for a structure or superstructure such as an arch or bridge. Sections of structural walls between openings (bays) can function as piers. External or free-standing walls may have piers at the ends or on corners.

Quoin
Quoins (/kɔɪn/ or /kwɔɪn/) are masonry blocks at the corner of a wall. Some are structural, providing strength for a wall made with inferior stone or rubble, while others merely add aesthetic detail to a corner. According to one 19th-century encyclopedia, these imply strength, permanence, and expense, all reinforcing the onlooker's sense of a structure's presence.

Stone quoins are used on stone or brick buildings. Brick quoins may appear on brick buildings, extending from the facing brickwork in such a way as to give the appearance of generally uniformly cut ashlar blocks of stone larger than the bricks. Where quoins are decorative and non-load-bearing a wider variety of materials is used, including timber, stucco, or other cement render.
Li Baozhen
Li Baozhen (Chinese: 李抱真) (733–794), né An Baozhen (安抱真), courtesy name Taixuan (太玄), formally the Prince of Yiyang (義陽王), was a general of the Chinese Tang dynasty. He initially distinguished himself as deputy for his cousin Li Baoyu, and after Li Baoyu's death came into command of his own. He played substantial roles in fighting the rebellions during Emperor Dezong's reign against Zhu Tao, Wang Wujun, Tian Yue, and Li Na; and later in persuading Wang, Tian, and Li to again submit to Emperor Dezong.

Ma Sui
Ma Sui (Chinese: 馬燧; 726 – September 4, 795), courtesy name Xunmei (洵美), posthumous name Prince Zhuangwu of Beiping (北平莊武王), was a Chinese military general and politician of the Tang dynasty. He was known mostly for his battles against the rebel generals Li Lingyao (李靈曜), Tian Yue, Zhu Tao, and Li Huaiguang.
Mark D. Siljander
Mark Deli Siljander (born June 11, 1951) is an American author and politician who served as a Republican U.S. Representative from the state of Michigan. He authored the book A Deadly Misunderstanding: A Congressman's Quest to Bridge the Muslim-Christian Divide.

In 2008, Siljander was indicted on charges of money laundering, conspiracy and obstruction of justice. In 2010, he pleaded guilty to obstruction of justice and acting as an unregistered foreign agent. In 2020, President Donald Trump pardoned Siljander.

Michigan's 4th congressional district
Michigan's 4th congressional district is a United States congressional district located in the state of Michigan. The current 4th district contains much of Michigan's old 6th district, and includes all of Allegan and Van Buren counties, as well as portions of Ottawa, Kalamazoo, Calhoun, and Berrien counties. In 2022, the district was redrawn to start in St. Joseph Township and extend north to Port Sheldon Township. The 4th is currently represented by Republican Bill Huizenga, who previously represented the old 2nd district.
Żnin County
Żnin County (Polish: powiat żniński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Żnin, which lies 36 km (22 mi) south-west of Bydgoszcz and 65 km (40 mi) west of Toruń. The county contains three other towns: Barcin, lying 17 km (11 mi) east of Żnin, Łabiszyn, lying 19 km (12 mi) north-east of Żnin, and Janowiec Wielkopolski, 18 km (11 mi) south-west of Żnin.

The county covers an area of 984.55 square kilometres (380.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 68,113, out of which the population of Żnin is 13,864, that of Barcin is 7,408, that of Łabiszyn is 4,472, that of Janowiec Wielkopolski is 3,953, and the rural population is 38,416.

Mogilno County
Mogilno County (Polish: powiat mogileński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-central Poland. It was formed on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Mogilno, which lies 52 km (32 mi) south of Bydgoszcz and 62 km (39 mi) south-west of Toruń. The only other town in the county is Strzelno, lying 16 km (10 mi) east of Mogilno.

The county covers an area of 675.86 square kilometres (261.0 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 45,756, out of which the population of Mogilno is 11,836, that of Strzelno is 5,631, and the rural population is 28,289.