hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Newton, New Jersey
Newton, officially the Town of Newton, is an incorporated municipality in and the county seat of Sussex County in the U.S. state of New Jersey, situated approximately 60 miles (97 km) northwest of New York City. As of the 2020 United States census, the town's population was 8,374, its highest decennial population ever, an increase of 377 (+4.7%) from the 2010 census count of 7,997, which in turn reflected a decrease of 247 (−3.0%) from the 8,244 counted in the 2000 census.

One of 15 municipalities in the state organized as a town, the municipal government operates under a council-manager structure provided by the Faulkner Act, or Optional Municipal Charter Law. Newton was incorporated by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 11, 1864, from portions of Newton Township, which was also partitioned to create Andover Township and Hampton Township, and was then dissolved. Additional land was acquired from Andover Township in 1869 and 1927, and from Fredon Township in 1920.

Full-time equivalent
Full-time equivalent (FTE), or whole time equivalent (WTE), is a unit of measurement that indicates the workload of an employed person (or student) in a way that makes workloads or class loads comparable across various contexts. FTE is often used to measure a worker's or student's involvement in a project, or to track cost reductions in an organization. An FTE of 1.0 is equivalent to a full-time worker or student, while an FTE of 0.5 signals half of a full work or school load.
Agrarian Party of Kazakhstan
The Agrarian Party of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан аграрлық партиясы, romanized: Qazaqstan argrarlyq partiasy, QAP; Russian: Аграрная партия Казахстана, romanized: Agrarnaya partiya Kazakhstana) was a political party in Kazakhstan. The party remained  active for just under seven years before it was dissolved on 22 December 2006, and incorporated into the new Nur Otan party.

Civic Party of Kazakhstan
The Civic Party of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан азаматтық партиясы, romanized: Qazaqstan Azamattyq Partııasy; Russian: Гражданская партия Казахстана) is a defunct political party in Kazakhstan that was led by First Secretary Azat Peruashev. The party was formed in 1998 and existed until 2006 when it was merged with Otan.
John Charles McQuaid
John Charles McQuaid, C.S.Sp. (28 July 1895 – 7 April 1973), was the Catholic Primate of Ireland and Archbishop of Dublin between December 1940 and January 1972. He was known for the unusual amount of influence he had over successive governments.

Archbishop of Dublin
The Archbishop of Dublin (Irish: Ard-Easpag Bhaile Átha Cliath) is an archiepiscopal title which takes its name from Dublin, Ireland. Since the Reformation, there have been parallel apostolic successions to the title: one in the Catholic Church and the other in the Church of Ireland. The archbishop of each denomination also holds the title of Primate of Ireland.
Rainforest
Rainforests are forests characterized by a closed and continuous tree canopy, moisture-dependent vegetation, the presence of epiphytes and lianas and the absence of wildfire. Rainforests can be generally classified as tropical rainforests or temperate rainforests, but other types have been described.

Estimates vary from 40% to 75% of all biotic species being indigenous to the rainforests. There may be many millions of species of plants, insects and microorganisms still undiscovered in tropical rainforests. Tropical rainforests have been called the "jewels of the Earth" and the "world's largest pharmacy", because over one quarter of natural medicines have been discovered there.

Rainforests as well as endemic rainforest species are rapidly disappearing due to deforestation, the resulting habitat loss and pollution of the atmosphere.

Evergreen forest
An evergreen forest is a forest made up of evergreen trees. They occur across a wide range of climatic zones, and include trees such as conifers and holly in cold climates, eucalyptus, live oak, acacias, magnolia, and banksia in more temperate zones, and rainforest trees in tropical zones.
Commendation for Brave Conduct
The Commendation for Brave Conduct is a bravery decoration awarded to Australians. It is awarded for an act of bravery that is worthy of recognition. The Commendation for Brave Conduct was created in February 1975. It is awarded by the governor-general of Australia, on the recommendation of the Australian Bravery Decorations Council. The decorations recognise acts of bravery by members of the community who selflessly put themselves in jeopardy to protect the lives or property of others. It is ranked fourth in the Australian bravery decoration in the Australian Honours System.

Group Bravery Citation
The Group Bravery Citation is a decoration created in 1990 that is awarded to Australians for a collective act of bravery by a group of people in extraordinary circumstances that are considered worthy of recognition. It is awarded by the governor-general of Australia, with the approval of the sovereign, on the recommendation of the Australian Bravery Decorations Council. The decorations recognise acts of bravery by members of the community who selflessly put themselves in jeopardy to protect the lives or property of others.

It is ranked 5th in the list of Australian bravery decoration in the Australian honours system.
H&M
H & M Hennes & Mauritz AB, commonly known by its brand name H&M, is a Swedish multinational clothing company headquartered in Stockholm. Built on a fast fashion business model, the retailer sells apparel, accessories, and homeware. The company operates thousands of stores across 75 geographical markets and employs over 171,000 people worldwide.

H&M is the second-largest international clothing retailer after Inditex. H&M was founded by Erling Persson in 1947 under the name Hennes. The CEO of H&M from 2020 to 2024 was Helena Helmersson. The current CEO, as of January 2024, is Daniel Ervér.

Aritzia
Aritzia LP is a Canadian clothing retail company founded in Vancouver, British Columbia, by businessman Brian Hill in 1984. Aritzia sells a variety of lifestyle apparel through various upscale retail stores across Canada, the United States, and online. Aritzia describes itself as an "everyday luxury" brand at attainable prices.
Bulgarians in Croatia
Bulgarians in Croatia (Croatian: Bugari Hrvatske, Bulgarian: Българи в Хърватия) are one of 22 national minorities in Croatia. According to the last census from 2011, there were 872 Bulgarians living in Croatia, most of them in Zagreb.

Bulgarians are officially recognized as an autochthonous national minority, and as such, they elect a special representative to the Croatian Parliament, shared with members of eleven other national minorities.

Russians of Croatia
Russians of Croatia (Croatian: Rusi u Hrvatskoj, Russian: Русские в Хорватии, romanized: Russkie v Khorvatii) are one of the twenty-two national minorities expressly mentioned and defined by law of Croatia. According to the 2021 Census, there were 1,481 Croatian citizens in the country, who identified themselves as Russians, most of them living in Zagreb (380).
Nothofagus
Nothofagus, also known as the southern beeches, is a genus of 43 species of trees and shrubs native to the Southern Hemisphere, found across southern South America (Chile, Argentina) and eastern and southeast Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, and New Caledonia. The species are ecological dominants in many temperate forests in these regions. Some species are reportedly naturalised in Germany and Great Britain. The genus has a rich fossil record of leaves, cupules, and pollen, with fossils extending into the late Cretaceous period and occurring in Australia, New Zealand, Antarctica, and South America.

Pterophylla racemosa
Pterophylla racemosa, commonly known as the kāmahi, is an evergreen tree endemic to New Zealand. It is a member of the Cunoniaceae family of plants, and it is often referred to by its former botanical name Weinmannia racemosa.

Most members of the Cunoniaceae are native to tropical wet parts of the Southern Hemisphere, with the majority of Pterophylla species being native to either Malesia and Papuasia or to Madagascar; however, two Pterophylla species are endemic to New Zealand: Pterophylla racemosa, and Pterophylla sylvicola. Whilst P. sylvicola is restricted to subtropical forests in the far north of North Island, P. racemosa is found growing across vast areas of the country as far south as Stewart Island and is found in a variety of climatic conditions from mild coastal areas to mountainous (sub)-alpine areas inland.

The abundance of the kāmahi (P. racemosa) across New Zealand has led to it long being described as the common tree in the country.
Skrull
The Skrulls (/skrʌlz/) are a fictional race of extraterrestrial shapeshifters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. They first appeared in Fantastic Four #2 and were created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby. They originated from the planet Skrullos and their empire is located in the Andromeda Galaxy. Their infiltration of Earth was a major event in the Marvel Comics universe as shown in the crossover event Secret Invasion.

The Skrulls have made numerous appearances in animated television and video games before making their live-action cinematic debut in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Captain Marvel (2019). Skrulls have also appeared in Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019) and the Disney+ series WandaVision, What If...? (both 2021) and Secret Invasion (2023), and the film The Marvels (2023).

Dark Avengers
Dark Avengers is a 2009–2013 American comic book series published by Marvel Comics. It is part of a series of titles that features various iterations of the superhero team the Avengers, with this version of the team – unbeknownst to the public in its stories – having several members who are actually supervillains and anti-heroes disguised as the established superheroes.
GarageBand
GarageBand is a software application by Apple for macOS, iPadOS, and iOS devices that allows users to create music or podcasts. It is a lighter, amateur-oriented offshoot of Logic Pro. GarageBand was originally released for macOS in 2004 and brought to iOS in 2011. The app's music and podcast creation system enables users to create multiple tracks with software synthesizer presets (to be played on a MIDI keyboard and/or sequenced on a piano roll), pre-made and user-created loops, an array of various effects, and voice recordings.

Digital audio workstation
A digital audio workstation (DAW /dɔː/) is an electronic device or application software used for recording, editing and producing audio files. DAWs come in a wide variety of configurations, from a single software program on a laptop, to an integrated stand-alone unit, all the way to a highly complex configuration of numerous components controlled by a central computer. Regardless of configuration, modern DAWs have a central interface that allows the user to alter and mix multiple recordings and tracks into a final produced piece.

DAWs are used for producing and recording music, songs, speech, radio, television, soundtracks, podcasts, sound effects and nearly every other kind of complex recorded audio.
4th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)
The 4th Infantry Division was a regular infantry division of the British Army with a very long history, seeing active service in the Peninsular War and Waterloo Campaign, the Crimean and Boer Wars and both World Wars. It was disbanded after the Second World War and reformed in the 1950s as an armoured formation before being disbanded and reformed again and finally disbanded on 1 January 2012.

Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)
Lieutenant general (Lt Gen), formerly more commonly lieutenant-general, is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines. It is the equivalent of a multinational three-star rank; some British lieutenant generals sometimes wear three-star insignia, in addition to their standard insignia, when on multinational operations.

Lieutenant general is a superior rank to major general, but subordinate to a (full) general. The rank has a NATO rank code of OF-8, equivalent to a vice-admiral in the Royal Navy and an air marshal in the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the air forces of many Commonwealth countries.

The rank insignia for both the Army and the Royal Marines is a crown over a crossed sabre and baton. During the reign of Elizabeth II, the St Edward's Crown, commonly known as the Queen's Crown, was depicted. Before 1953, and again since the accession of Charles III in 2022, the Tudor Crown has been used.
Effective temperature
The effective temperature (aka ET) of a body such as a star or planet is the temperature of a black body that would emit the same total energy as electromagnetic radiation.  Effective temperature is often used as an estimate of a body's surface temperature when the body's emissivity curve (as a function of wavelength) is not known.

When the star's or planet's net emissivity in the relevant wavelength band is less than unity (less than that of a black body), the actual temperature of the body will be higher than the effective temperature.  The net emissivity may be low due to surface or atmospheric properties, such as the greenhouse effect.

Light-year
A light-year, alternatively spelled light year (ly or lyr), is a unit of length used to express astronomical distances and is equal to exactly 9460730472580.8 km, which is approximately 9.46 trillion kilometres or 5.88 trillion miles. As defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), a light-year is the distance that light travels in vacuum in one Julian year (365.25 days). Despite its inclusion of the word "year", the term is not a unit of time.

The light-year is most often used when expressing distances to stars and other distances on a galactic scale, especially in non-specialist contexts and popular science publications. The unit most commonly used in professional astronomy is the parsec (pc), approximately 3.26 light-years.
Clyde F.C.
Clyde Football Club is a Scottish semi-professional football club who play in Scottish League Two. Nicknamed the Bully Wee, the club was formed in 1877 at the River Clyde in Glasgow, the club currently host their home matches at New Douglas Park in Hamilton, having played at Broadwood Stadium in Cumbernauld from 1994 until 2022.

The club's biggest accomplishments are winning the Scottish Cup on three occasions: 1939, 1955 and 1958; they reached the final a further three times, all during a long period based at Shawfield, in Rutherglen. They have not played in the top division of Scottish football since 1975.

The club have been managed by Darren Young since October 2024.

Scottish League Cup
The Scottish League Cup, also known as the Premier Sports Cup for sponsorship reasons, is a football competition open to all Scottish Professional Football League (SPFL) clubs. First held in 1946–47, it is the oldest national League cup in existence. The competition had a straight knockout format but became a group and knockout competition from 2016–17.

Rangers are the record holders of the cup, winning 28 times. St Mirren are the current holders, winning their 2nd title after beating Celtic 3–1 at Hampden Park on 14 December 2025.

The domestic television rights are held by Premier Sports who replaced BT Sport from the 2019–20 season.
VIII Corps (United Kingdom)
VIII Corps was a British Army corps formation that existed during the First and Second World Wars. In the latter, it took part in the Normandy Campaign in 1944, where it was involved in Operation Epsom and Operation Goodwood. It would later play a supporting role in Operation Market Garden and finish the war by advancing from the Rhine to the Baltic Sea.

8th Army Group Royal Artillery
8th Army Group Royal Artillery (8 AGRA) was a brigade-sized formation organised by Britain's Royal Artillery (RA) during World War II to command medium and heavy guns. It served in the campaign in North West Europe, participating in the battles in the Orne valley and the bocage south of Caumont before the breakout from the Normandy beachhead, operations to close up to the Maas, and the assault crossing of the Rhine (Operation Plunder).
Queanbeyan
Queanbeyan (/ˈkwiːnbiən/ KWEEN-bee-ən) is a city in south-eastern New South Wales, Australia, located adjacent to the Australian Capital Territory in the Southern Tablelands region. Located on the Queanbeyan River, the city is the council seat of the Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council. At the 2021 census, the Queanbeyan part of the Canberra–Queanbeyan built-up area had a population of 37,511.

Queanbeyan's economy is based on light construction, manufacturing, service, retail and agriculture. Canberra, Australia's capital, is located 15 kilometres (9 miles) to the west, and Queanbeyan is a commuter town. The word Queanbeyan is the anglicised form of Quinbean or *Kuwinbiyan, a Ngarigo word meaning "clear waters".

Yass, New South Wales
Yass (/jæs/)
is a town on the periphery of the Southern Tablelands and South West Slopes of New South Wales, Australia. The name appears to have been derived from an Aboriginal word, "Yarrh" (or "Yharr"), said to mean 'running water'.

Yass is located 280 km south-west of Sydney, on the Hume Highway, and is 59 km from Canberra. It lies at an elevation of 505 metres. The Yass River, which is a tributary of the Murrumbidgee River, flows through the town.

Yass has a historic high street, with well-preserved 19th-century verandah post pubs (mostly converted to other uses). It is popular with tourists, some from Canberra and others taking a break from the Hume Highway.
Christian Walker
Christian Dickson Walker (born March 28, 1991) is an American professional baseball first baseman for the Houston Astros of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously played in MLB for the Baltimore Orioles and Arizona Diamondbacks. Considered one of the best defensive first basemen in the majors, Walker is a three-time Gold Glove Award winner.

Walker played college baseball for the South Carolina Gamecocks and won the College World Series in both 2010 and 2011, and were runners-up in 2012.  Selected in the fourth round of the 2012 MLB draft by the Orioles, Walker made his MLB debut with the team in 2014.  However, Walker was designated for assignment four times thereafter prior to becoming the Diamondbacks' regular first baseman in 2019.  In 2023, he helped lead the Diamondbacks to win their second National League pennant. After becoming a free agent following the 2024 season, he signed a three-year deal with the Astros.

Ketel Marte
Ketel Ricardo Marte Valdez (born October 12, 1993) is a Dominican professional baseball second baseman for the Arizona Diamondbacks of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously played in MLB for the Seattle Mariners. Marte made his MLB debut with the Mariners in 2015, and was traded to the Diamondbacks during the 2016–17 offseason. Marte has been named the starting second baseman for the 2019, 2024 and 2025 All-Star Games. In 2023, he won NLCS MVP en route to Arizona's first pennant since 2001.
Southwest (Washington, D.C.)
Southwest (SW or S.W.) is the southwestern quadrant of Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States, and is located south of the National Mall and west of South Capitol Street. It is the smallest quadrant of the city, and contains a small number of named neighborhoods and districts, including Bellevue, Southwest Federal Center, the Southwest Waterfront, Buzzard Point, and the military installation known as Joint Base Anacostia–Bolling.

Interstate 395 (Virginia–District of Columbia)
Interstate 395 (I-395) in Virginia and Washington, D.C., is a 13.79-mile-long (22.19 km) spur route of I-95 that begins at an interchange with I-95 in Springfield and ends at an interchange with US Route 50 (US 50) in Northwest Washington, D.C. It passes underneath the National Mall near the US Capitol and ends at a junction with US 50 at New York Avenue, roughly one mile (1.6 km) north of the 3rd Street Tunnel.

I-395 is known by three names over its various segments. The Virginia portion is part of the larger Shirley Highway that continues southward on I-95 beyond the terminus of I-395. In the District of Columbia, it is known as the Southwest Freeway from the 14th Street bridges to the Southeast Freeway interchange (I-695) and the Center Leg or Center Leg Freeway from the Southeast Freeway interchange to New York Avenue.

It is unrelated and unconnected to I-395 in Maryland.
Club Almagro
Club Almagro is an Argentine sports club from José Ingenieros, Buenos Aires, although its headquarters are in the Almagro district. The football team currently plays in the Primera Nacional, the second division of the Argentine football league system.

Estudiantes de Buenos Aires
Club Atlético Estudiantes, usually called Estudiantes de Caseros or Estudiantes de Buenos Aires, is an Argentine football club from Caseros, Buenos Aires. The club is mostly known for its football team, which  currently plays in the Primera B Nacional, the second division of the Argentine football league system.

Apart from football, the club hosts other disciplines such as handball, karate, roller skating and taekwondo.
Jewish holidays
Jewish holidays, also known as Jewish festivals or Yamim Tovim (Hebrew: יָמִים טוֹבִים, romanized: yāmīm ṭōvīm, lit. 'Good Days', or singular Hebrew: יוֹם טוֹב‎ Yom Tov, in transliterated Hebrew [English: /ˈjɔːm ˈtɔːv, joʊm ˈtoʊv/]), are holidays observed by Jews throughout the Hebrew calendar. They include religious, cultural and national elements, derived from four sources: mitzvot ("biblical commandments"), rabbinic mandates, the history of Judaism, and the State of Israel.

Jewish holidays occur on the same dates every year in the Hebrew calendar, but the dates vary in the Gregorian. This is because the Hebrew calendar is a lunisolar calendar (based on the cycles of both the sun and moon), whereas the Gregorian is a solar calendar. Each holiday can only occur on certain days of the week, four for most, but five for holidays in Tevet and Shevat and six for Hanukkah (see Days of week on Hebrew calendar).

Hoshana Rabbah
Hoshana Rabbah (Hebrew: הוֹשַׁעְנָא רַבָּה, lit. 'Great Hoshana/Supplication'; Imperial Aramaic: הוֹשַׁעְנָא רַבָּא) is the seventh day of the Jewish holiday of Sukkot, as well as the 21st day of the Hebrew month of Tishrei. Hoshana Rabbah is marked by a special synagogue service during which seven circuits around the synagogue's Torah scrolls (ספרי תורה, sifrei Torah) are made by congregants while holding their lulav and etrog and reciting Hoshanot. It is customary for the scrolls of the Torah to be removed from the synagogue's Torah ark during the procession. In a few communities, a shofar is sounded after each circuit.
Laws of Eshnunna
The Laws of Eshnunna (abrv. LE) are inscribed on two cuneiform tablets discovered in Tell Abū Harmal, Baghdad, Iraq. The Iraqi Directorate of Antiquities headed by Taha Baqir unearthed two parallel sets of tablets in 1945 and 1947. The two tablets are separate copies of an older source and date back to c. 1930 BC. An additional fragment was later found at Me-Turan. The differences between the Code of Hammurabi and the Laws of Eshnunna significantly contributed to illuminating the development of ancient and cuneiform law.

In distinction from the other Mesopotamian collections of law, this one got its name after the city where it had originated – Eshnunna, located on the bank of the Diyala River, tributary to the Tigris, north of Ur. Eshnunna became politically important after the fall of the third dynasty of Ur, founded by Ur-Nammu.

Code of Lipit-Ishtar
The Code of Lipit-Ishtar is a collection of laws promulgated by Lipit-Ishtar (r. 1934 – 1924 BCE (MC)), a ruler in Lower Mesopotamia. As cuneiform law, it is a legal code written in cuneiform script in the Sumerian language.

It is the second-oldest known extant legal code after the Code of Ur-Nammu. As it is more detailed than that earlier code, it paved the way for the famous later Code of Hammurabi.