hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aluminium oxide
Aluminium oxide (or aluminium(III) oxide) is a chemical compound of aluminium and oxygen with the chemical formula Al2O3. It is the most commonly occurring of several aluminium oxides, and specifically identified as aluminium oxide. It is commonly called alumina and may also be called aloxide, aloxite, ALOX or alundum in various forms and applications. Alumina is refined from bauxite. It occurs naturally in its crystalline polymorphic phase α-Al2O3 as the mineral corundum, varieties of which form the precious gemstones ruby and sapphire, which have an alumina content approaching 100%. Al2O3 is used as feedstock to produce aluminium metal, as an abrasive owing to its hardness, and as a refractory material owing to its high melting point.

Iron(III) oxide
Iron(III) oxide or ferric oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Fe2O3. It occurs in nature as the mineral hematite, which serves as the primary source of iron for the steel industry. It is also known as red iron oxide, especially when used in pigments.

It is one of the three main oxides of iron, the other two being iron(II) oxide (FeO), which is rare; and iron(II,III) oxide (Fe3O4), which also occurs naturally as the mineral magnetite.

Iron(III) oxide is often called rust, since rust shares several properties and has a similar composition; however, in chemistry, rust is considered an ill-defined material, described as hydrous ferric oxide.

Ferric oxide is readily attacked by even weak acids. It is a weak oxidising agent, most famously when reduced by aluminium in the thermite reaction.
Heracles
Heracles (/ˈhɛrəkliːz/ ⓘ Ancient Greek: Ἡρακλῆς, lit. 'glory/fame of Hera'), born Alcaeus (Ἀλκαῖος, Alkaios) or Alcides (Ἀλκείδης, Alkeidēs), was a divine hero in Greek mythology, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, and the foster son of Amphitryon. He was a descendant of Perseus, another son of Zeus.

He was the greatest of the Greek heroes, the ancestor of royal clans known as Heracleidae (Ἡρακλεῖδαι), and a champion of the Olympian order against chthonic monsters. In Rome and the modern West, he is known as Hercules, with whom the later Roman emperors, in particular Commodus and Maximian, often identified themselves. Details of his cult were adapted to Rome as well.

Orestes
In Greek mythology, Orestes or Orestis (/ɒˈrɛstiːz/; Ancient Greek: Ὀρέστης [oréstɛːs]) was the son of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, and the brother of Electra and Iphigenia. He was also known by the patronymic Agamemnonides (Ἀγαμεμνονίδης), meaning "son of Agamemnon." He is the subject of several Ancient Greek plays and of various myths connected with his madness, revenge, and purification, which retain obscure threads of much older works. In particular Orestes plays a main role in Aeschylus' Oresteia.
Composition of relations
In the mathematics of binary relations, the composition of relations is the forming of a new binary relation  from two given binary relations  and . In the calculus of relations, the composition of relations is called relative multiplication, and its result is called a relative product.: 40  Function composition is the special case of composition of relations where all relations involved are functions.

The word uncle indicates a compound relation: for a person to be an uncle, he must be the brother of a parent. In algebraic logic it is said that the relation "is uncle of" () is the composition of relations "is a brother of" () and "is a parent of" ().

Beginning with Augustus De Morgan, the traditional form of reasoning by syllogism has been subsumed by relational logical expressions and their composition.

Homogeneous relation
In mathematics, a homogeneous relation (also called endorelation) on a set X is a binary relation between X and itself, i.e. it is a subset of the Cartesian product X × X. This is commonly phrased as "a relation on X" or "a (binary) relation over X". An example of a homogeneous relation is the relation of kinship, where the relation is between people.

Common types of endorelations include orders, graphs, and equivalences. Specialized studies of order theory and graph theory have developed understanding of endorelations. Terminology particular for graph theory is used for description, with an ordinary (undirected) graph presumed to correspond to a symmetric relation, and a general endorelation corresponding to a directed graph. An endorelation R corresponds to a logical matrix of 0s and 1s, where the expression xRy (x is R-related to y) corresponds to an edge between x and y in the graph, and to a 1 in the square matrix of R. It is called an adjacency matrix in graph terminology.
Disco Inferno (wrestler)
Glenn Gilbertti (born November 12, 1967) is an American professional wrestler, writer and booker, best known for his appearances with World Championship Wrestling as Disco Inferno (briefly changed to Disqo) from 1995 to 2001.

During his six-year tenure with WCW, Gilbertti became a one-time Cruiserweight Champion, a two-time Television Champion and a one-time Tag Team Champion with Alex Wright.

In addition to his in-ring professional wrestling career, Gilbertti has also been a writer and booker for WCW and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling.

David Young (wrestler)
David Williams (born August 25, 1972), better known by his ring name, David Young, is an American professional wrestler. Though he has mainly appeared with NWA Wildside and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, Young has also competed for Ring of Honor, AAA and ZERO-ONE.
Berry, France
The Duchy of Berry (French pronunciation: [beʁi] ⓘ; Occitan: Barric; Latin: Bituria) was a former province located in central France. It was a province of France until departments replaced the provinces on 4 March 1790, when Berry became divided between the départements of Cher (Upper Berry) and Indre (Lower Berry).

Orléanais
The Duchy of Orléanais (French pronunciation: [ɔʁleanɛ]) is a former province of France, which was created during the Renaissance by merging four former counties and towns. However after the French Revolution, the province was dissolved in 1791 and succeeded by five départments (less some communes to others).
Late Cretaceous
The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the more recent of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous is named after creta, the Latin word for the white limestone known as chalk. The chalk of northern France and the white cliffs of south-eastern England date from the  Cretaceous Period.

Enantiornithes
The Enantiornithes, also known as enantiornithines or enantiornitheans in literature, are a group of extinct avialans ("birds" in the broad sense), the most abundant and diverse group known from the Mesozoic era. Almost all retained teeth and clawed fingers on each wing, but otherwise looked much like modern birds externally. Over seventy species of Enantiornithes have been named, but some names represent only single bones, so it is likely that not all are valid. The Enantiornithes became extinct at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, along with Hesperornithes and all other non-avian dinosaurs.
T. C. Boyle
Thomas Coraghessan Boyle (born December 2, 1948) is an American novelist and short story writer. Since the mid-1970s, he has published thirty one novels and more than 150 short stories. He won the  PEN/Faulkner Award in 1988, for his third novel, World's End, which recounts 300 years in upstate New York.

He was previously a Distinguished Professor of English at the University of Southern California.

Richard Ford
Richard Ford (born February 16, 1944) is an American novelist and short story author and writer of a series of novels featuring the character Frank Bascombe.

Ford's first collection of short stories, Rock Springs, was published in 1987.

In the United States, Ford received the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for his novel Independence Day. In Spain, he won the Princess of Asturias Award for 2016. In 2018, Ford received the Park Kyong-ni Prize, an international literary award from South Korea.

His novel Wildlife was adapted into a 2018 film of the same name, and in 2023 Ford published Be Mine, his fifth work of fiction chronicling the life of Frank Bascombe.
Fearless Records
Fearless Records is an American independent record label that was founded in 1994. Fearless is based in Culver City, California, and is best known for its early pop punk moments captured in the Fearless Flush Sampler and Punk Bites releases, as well as additional releases by bands such as Bigwig and Dynamite Boy; and later Sugarcult; Plain White T's; The Aquabats; Amely; and post-hardcore releases by At the Drive-In and Anatomy of a Ghost.  However, the label has experimented with different styles in recent years. Acts such as Blessthefall, Bloodywood, The Word Alive, Ice Nine Kills, Mayday Parade, Pierce The Veil, Starset, The Pretty Reckless, Underoath and The Color Morale have showcased post-hardcore, metalcore, hard rock and alternative rock bands that have emerged in recent years. Fearless Records' releases were distributed in the US by RED Distribution, but since Concord Music Group's purchase of the label in 2015, it has been distributed by Universal Music Group worldwide.

Breathe Carolina
Breathe Carolina are an American electronic music duo from Denver. The duo formed in 2007 consisting of David Schmitt and Kyle Even. They later expanded to a full band whose best-known lineup was Schmitt, Even, drummer Eric Armenta, keytarist Joshua Aragon, and DJ Luis Bonet. In 2013, Even left the group, while Tommy Cooperman joined that year.

Breathe Carolina is composed of Schmitt and Cooperman. The band has released five studio albums: It's Classy, Not Classic (2008), Hello Fascination (2009), Hell Is What You Make It (2011), Savages (2014) and Dead: The Album (2019). Their hit single "Blackout" was certified platinum in the United States.
Hawke's Bay (National Provincial Championship)
Hawke's Bay (often known as the Hawke's Bay Magpies) are a New Zealand professional rugby union team based in Napier, New Zealand. The union was originally established in 1884, with the National Provincial Championship established in 1976. They now play in the reformed National Provincial Championship competition. They play their home games at McLean Park in Napier in the Hawke's Bay region. The team is affiliated with the Hurricanes Super Rugby franchise. Their home playing colours are black and white.

Northland (National Provincial Championship)
Northland (often known as the Northland Taniwha) are a New Zealand professional rugby union team based in Whangārei, New Zealand. The union was originally established in 1920, with the National Provincial Championship established in 1976. They now play in the reformed National Provincial Championship competition. They play their home games at Semenoff Stadium in Whangārei in the Northland region. The team is affiliated with the Blues Super Rugby franchise. Their home playing colours are a Sky blue (Pantone 284).
Calumpit
Calumpit [kɐlʊmˈpit], officially the Municipality of Calumpit (Tagalog: Bayan ng Calumpit, Kapampangan: Balen ning Calumpit),  is a  municipality in the province of Bulacan, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 122,187 people.

Plaridel, Bulacan
Plaridel, officially the Municipality of Plaridel (Tagalog: Bayan ng Plaridel, Kapampangan: Balen ning Plaridel), formerly known as Quingua, is a  municipality in the province of Bulacan, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 120,939 people.
Georgia State Route 197
State Route 197 (SR 197) is a 29.0-mile-long (46.7 km) state highway. It passes through portions of Habersham and Rabun counties and the Chattahoochee National Forest.  Scenic Georgia Highway 197 was used by moonshiners during Prohibition in the United States.

Georgia State Route 115
State Route 115 (SR 115) is a 32.3-mile-long (52.0 km) state highway that runs west-to-east in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. It travels through portions of Lumpkin, White, and Habersham counties.
Sergei Taneyev
Sergey Ivanovich Taneyev (Russian: Серге́й Ива́нович Тане́ев, pronounced [sʲɪrˈɡʲej ɪˈvanəvʲɪtɕ tɐˈnʲejɪf]; 25 November [O.S. 13 November] 1856 – 19 June [O.S. 6 June] 1915) was a Russian composer, pianist, teacher of composition, music theorist and author.

Piano Concerto No. 3 (Tchaikovsky)
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 3 in E♭ major was at first conceived by him as a symphony in the same key. But he abandoned that idea, jettisoned all but the planned first movement, and reworked this in 1893 as a one-movement Allegro brillante for piano and orchestra. His last completed work, it was duly published as Opus 75 the next year, after he died, but given by publisher Jurgenson the title "Concerto No. 3 pour Piano avec accompagnement d'Orchestre".
Anja Pärson
Anja Sofia Tess Pärson (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈânːja ˈpæ̌ːʂɔn]; born 25 April 1981) is a Swedish former alpine skier. She is an Olympic gold medalist, seven-time gold medalist at the World Championships, and two-time overall Alpine Skiing World Cup champion. This included winning three gold medals in the 2007 World Championship in her native Sweden. She has won a total of 42 World Cup races.

Maria Höfl-Riesch
Maria Höfl-Riesch (German pronunciation: [maˈʁiːa ˌhøːfl̩ ˈʁiːʃ] ⓘ; née Riesch, born 24 November 1984) is a German former alpine ski racer. She is a three-time Olympic champion, two-time World champion, an overall World Cup champion and five-time World junior champion.

Höfl-Riesch made her World Cup debut in February 2001 and won gold medals in slalom and super combined at the 2010 Winter Olympics. She won the World Cup overall title in 2011. At the 2014 Winter Olympics, she defended her super combined title to win her third Olympic gold medal, and also won a silver medal in the super-G.
List of drugs: A
This multi-page article lists pharmaceutical drugs alphabetically by name. Many drugs have more than one name and, therefore, the same drug may be listed more than once. Brand names and  generic names are differentiated by capitalizing brand names.

See also the list of the top 100 bestselling branded drugs, ranked by sales.

Abbreviations are used in the list as follows:

INN = International nonproprietary name

BAN = British Approved Name

USAN = United States Adopted Name

Two-letter codes for countries

Lists of drugs
1–9 |
A | B |
C | D |
E | F |
G | H |
I | J |
K | L |
M | N |
O | P |
Q | R |
S | T |
U | V |
W | X |
Y | Z

Aa–Ab | Ac | Ad–Ak | Al | Am | An–Ap | Aq–Ar | As–Az

List of drugs: I
This multi-page article lists pharmaceutical drugs alphabetically by name. Many drugs have more than one name and, therefore, the same drug may be listed more than once. Brand names and  generic names are differentiated by capitalizing brand names.

See also the list of the top 100 bestselling branded drugs, ranked by sales.

Abbreviations are used in the list as follows:

INN = International nonproprietary name

BAN = British Approved Name

USAN = United States Adopted Name

Two-letter codes for countries

Lists of drugs
1–9 |
A | B |
C | D |
E | F |
G | H |
I | J |
K | L |
M | N |
O | P |
Q | R |
S | T |
U | V |
W | X |
Y | Z

Ia–Il | Im–In | Io–Ip | Iq–Iz
1958 World Figure Skating Championships
The World Figure Skating Championships is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union in which figure skaters compete for the title of World Champion.
The 1958 competitions for men, ladies, pair skating, and ice dancing took place from February 13 to 15 in Paris, France.
It was the first time that a team from the Soviet Union entered the competition.

1958 European Figure Skating Championships
The 1958 European Figure Skating Championships were held in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia. Elite senior-level figure skaters from European ISU member nations competed for the title of European Champion in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.
List of non-marine molluscs of India
The non-marine molluscs of India are a part of the molluscan fauna of India.

There are 5070 species of marine and non-marine molluscs living in the wild in India. There are 3371 species of marine molluscs in India.

There are 1671 species of non-marine molluscs living in the wild in India. This includes 1488 terrestrial species in 140 genera and 183 freshwater species in 53 genera.

There are a total of species of gastropods, which breaks down to ?? species of freshwater gastropods, and 1488 species of land gastropods, plus ?? species of bivalves living in the wild.

Summary table of number of species

List of non-marine molluscs of Sri Lanka
The non-marine molluscs of Sri Lanka are a part of the molluscan wildlife of Sri Lanka.

Naggs et al. (2003) listed 246 land gastropods for Sri Lanka. Ranawana (2006) listed 18 species of non-indigenous land gastropods in Sri Lanka and he added some species to that list.

The fauna of Sri Lanka also includes freshwater snails and freshwater bivalves.
Manon Lescaut (Puccini)
Manon Lescaut (Italian: [maˈnɔn leˈsko]) is an Italian-language opera in four acts composed by Giacomo Puccini between 1889 and 1892 to a libretto by Luigi Illica, Giuseppe Giacosa, Marco Praga and Domenico Oliva, based on the 1731 novel Histoire du Chevalier des Grieux, et de Manon Lescaut by Abbé Prévost. The opera was first performed  in 1893 in Turin, at the Teatro Regio.

La rondine
La rondine (The Swallow) is an opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini to an Italian libretto by Giuseppe Adami, based on a libretto by Alfred Maria Willner and Heinz Reichert. It was first performed at the Grand Théâtre de Monte Carlo (or the Théâtre du Casino) in Monte Carlo on 27 March 1917.
Jostedal Glacier
Jostedal Glacier or Jostedalsbreen (Norwegian) is the largest glacier in continental Europe. It is in Vestland county in Western Norway. Jostedalsbreen is located in the municipalities of Luster, Sogndal, Sunnfjord, and Stryn (all in Vestland county), plus the northeastern tip of the glacier extends into Skjåk Municipality (in Innlandet county). The highest peak in the area is Lodalskåpa at a height of 2,083 metres (6,834 ft).

Vestland
Vestland is a county in Norway. The county is located in Western Norway, and its administrative centre is Bergen, where the executive and political leadership is based. The County Governor is based in Hermansverk. Vestland is one of two counties in Norway that have Nynorsk as their official written language form.

Vestland was created on 1 January 2020, when the former counties of Hordaland and Sogn og Fjordane were merged.
Lettercard
In philately, a lettercard or letter card is a postal stationery item consisting of a folded card with a prepaid imprinted stamp. The message is written on the inside and the card is then folded and sealed around the edges. The recipient tears off and discards the perforated selvages to open the card. The fact that it is folded in half before it is sent means there is twice as much space for the message compared with a postal card of the same final size.

The lettercard was first conceived by a Hungarian named Akin Karoly and introduced in Belgium in 1882. Private issues were used in Great Britain in 1887. The first official British letter card was issued in 1892. In Newfoundland, reply lettercards, which included a small reply card, were introduced in 1912.

Letter cards were issued in a variety of card stock and colour.

The terms letter card and air mail letter card were sometimes used on aerogrammes prior to 1952, the year that the U.P.U. official recognized the word aerogramme.

Wrapper (philately)
In philately a wrapper is a form of postal stationery which pays the cost of the delivery of a newspaper or a periodical. The wrapper is a sheet of paper, large enough to wrap around a folded or rolled newspaper and with an imprinted stamp to pay the cost of postage.  Some catalogs and reference books refer to a wrapper as postal bands which comes from the French term bandes postale. Still others refer to it as a newspaper wrapper or periodical wrapper.
Arnold, Nottinghamshire
Arnold (/ˈɑːr.nəld/) is a market town in the Borough of Gedling in the county of Nottinghamshire in the East Midlands of England. It is situated to the north-east of Nottingham's city boundary. Arnold has the largest town Centre in the Borough of Gedling and the most important town Centre in the northeastern part of the conurbation of Greater Nottingham. Gedling Borough Council is headquartered in Arnold. Since 1968 Arnold has had a market, and the town used to have numerous factories associated with the hosiery industry. Nottinghamshire Police have been headquartered in Arnold since 1979. At the time of the 2011 United Kingdom census, Arnold had a population of 37,768.

Areas within Arnold include Daybrook, Woodthorpe, Redhill, Warren Hill, Killisick and Dorket Head.

Bulwell
Bulwell is a market town and former civil parish in the City of Nottingham district of Nottinghamshire, England. It lies 3.5 miles (6 km) south-west of Hucknall and 4.8 miles (8 km) to the north-west of Nottingham city centre. The 2011 census recorded its population at 29,771, which amounted to over 10% of the city's population; 16,157 was recorded for the Bulwell ward of Nottingham City Council. The adjacent ward, Bulwell Forest, which includes Highbury Vale, Rise Park and the west of Top Valley, had a population of 13,614 at the same census.
Adams County, Illinois
Adams County is the westernmost county in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 65,737. Its county seat is Quincy. Adams County is part of the Quincy, IL–MO Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Henderson County, Illinois
Henderson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 United States census, it has a population of 6,387. Its county seat is Oquawka. Henderson County is part of the Burlington, IA–IL Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Banksia ashbyi
Banksia ashbyi, commonly known as Ashby's banksia, is a species of shrub or small tree that is endemic to Western Australia. It has smooth, grey bark, deeply serrated, hairy leaves and spikes of bright orange flowers.

Banksia ser. Banksia
Banksia ser. Banksia is a
valid botanic name for a series of Banksia. As an autonym, it necessarily contains the type species of Banksia, B. serrata (saw banksia). Within this constraint, however, there have been various circumscriptions.
Idiom
An idiom is a phrase or expression that largely or exclusively carries a figurative or non-literal meaning, rather than making any literal sense.  Categorized as formulaic language, an idiomatic expression's meaning is different from the literal meanings of each word inside it.

Idioms occur frequently in all languages. In English alone there are an estimated twenty-five thousand idiomatic expressions. Some well known idioms in English are "spill the beans" (meaning "reveal secret information"), "it's raining cats and dogs" (meaning "it's raining intensely"), and "break a leg" (meaning "good luck").

Figure of speech
A figure of speech or rhetorical figure is a category of literary or linguistic terms, with two related meanings. The first meaning is the broader and more technical one: a synonym for literary device, particularly when divided into two sub-types: schemes, variations deviating from the usual sequence of words, and tropes or figures, deviations of the words themselves from ordinary usage. This meaning dates back to the Renaissance humanists, themselves inspired by the classical rhetoricians.

The second meaning of figure of speech is narrower and its most common one colloquially—essentially, a synonym for trope as defined above: any word or phrase that deviates from straightforward language use or literal meaning to produce a persuasive or other intensified effect (emotionally, aesthetically, intellectually, etc.). In the distinction between literal and figurative language, figures of speech constitute the latter.

This article focuses on the first, broader meaning.