hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Modulation (music)
In music, modulation is the change from one tonality (tonic, or tonal center) to another. This may or may not be accompanied by a change in key signature (a key change). Modulations articulate or create the structure or form of many pieces, as well as add interest. Treatment of a non-tonic chord as a temporary tonic, for less than a phrase, is considered tonicization.

Modulation is the essential part of the art. Without it there is little music, for a piece derives its true beauty not from the large number of fixed modes which it embraces but rather from the subtle fabric of its modulation.

E-flat major
E-flat major is a major scale based on E♭, consisting of the pitches E♭, F, G, A♭, B♭, C, and D. Its key signature has three flats. Its relative minor is C minor, and its parallel minor is E♭ minor, (or enharmonically D♯ minor).

The E♭ major scale is:
Frederick Weld
Sir Frederick Aloysius Weld GCMG (9 May 1823 – 20 July 1891), was an English-born New Zealand politician and colonial administrator of various British colonies and territories located in Oceania and Southeast Asia. He was the sixth Prime Minister of New Zealand, and later served as Governor of Western Australia, Governor of Tasmania, and Governor of the Straits Settlements.

2nd New Zealand Parliament
The 2nd New Zealand Parliament was a term of the Parliament of New Zealand. It opened on 15 April 1856, following New Zealand's 1855 election. It was dissolved on 5 November 1860 in preparation for 1860–61 election. The 2nd Parliament was the first under which New Zealand had responsible government, meaning that unlike previously, the Cabinet was chosen (although not officially appointed) by Parliament rather than by the Governor-General of New Zealand.
Headingley
Headingley is a suburb of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, approximately two miles out of the city centre, to the north west along the A660 road. Headingley is the location of the Beckett Park campus of Leeds Beckett University and Headingley Stadium.

The area sits in the Headingley and Hyde Park ward of Leeds City Council and Leeds Central and Headingley parliamentary constituency.

Leeds city centre
Leeds city centre is the central business district of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is roughly bounded by the Inner Ring Road to the north and the River Aire to the south and can be divided into several quarters.
Simferopol
Simferopol (/ˌsɪmfəˈroʊpəl/ SIM-fər-OH-pəl), also known as Aqmescit, is the second-largest city on the Crimean Peninsula. The city, along with the rest of Crimea, is internationally recognized as part of Ukraine, but controlled by Russia. It is considered the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.

Since 2014 it has been under the de facto control of Russia, which annexed Crimea that year and regards Simferopol as the capital of the Republic of Crimea.

Simferopol is an important political, economic and transport hub of the peninsula, and serves as the administrative centre of both Simferopol Municipality and the surrounding Simferopol District. Its population was 332,317 (2014 Census).

After the 1784 annexation of the Crimean Khanate by the Russian Empire, the Russian empress decreed the foundation of a city named Simferopol on the location of the Crimean Tatar town of Aqmescit ("White Mosque").

Berdiansk
Berdiansk or Berdyansk (Ukrainian: Бердянськ, IPA: [berˈdʲɑnʲsʲk] ⓘ; Russian: Бердянск, IPA: [bʲɪrˈdʲansk]) is a port city in Zaporizhzhia Oblast, south-eastern Ukraine and is currently occupied by Russia. It is on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov, which is connected to the Black Sea. It serves as the administrative center of Berdiansk Raion. The city is named after the Berda River's Berdiansk Spit, at the foot of which it is located. Its population is 106,311 (2022 estimate).

Berdiansk is home to a safari zoo, water park, museums, health resorts with mud baths and climatic treatments, and numerous water sport activities. Berdiansk Airport is located nearby.

Since 27 February 2022, Berdiansk has been under Russian occupation.
Banksia aculeata
Banksia aculeata, commonly known as prickly banksia, is a species of plant of the family Proteaceae native to the Stirling Range in the southwest of Western Australia. A shrub up to 2 m (7 ft) tall, it has dense foliage and leaves with very prickly serrated margins. Its unusual pinkish, pendent (hanging) flower spikes, known as inflorescences, are generally hidden in the foliage and appear during the early summer. Although it was collected by the naturalist James Drummond in the 1840s, Banksia aculeata was not formally described until 1981, by Alex George in his monograph of the genus.

A rare plant, Banksia aculeata is found in gravelly soils in elevated areas. Native to a habitat burnt by periodic bushfires, it is killed by fire and regenerates from seed afterwards. In contrast to other Western Australian banksias, it appears to have some resistance to the soil-borne water mould Phytophthora cinnamomi.

Banksia ser. Prostratae
Banksia ser. Prostratae is a taxonomic series in the genus Banksia, a genus of iconic Australian wildflowers. It consists of six closely related species in section Banksia, all endemic to Western Australia, with a prostrate habit.
Panhard
Panhard was a French motor vehicle manufacturer that began as one of the first makers of automobiles. It was a manufacturer of light tactical and military vehicles. Its final incarnation, now owned by Renault Trucks Defense, was formed by the acquisition of Panhard by Auverland in 2005, and then by Renault in 2012. In 2018, Renault Trucks Defense, ACMAT and Panhard combined under a single brand, Arquus.

Delage
Delage is a French luxury automobile and racecar company founded in 1905 by Louis Delâge in Levallois-Perret near Paris; it was acquired by Delahaye in 1935 and ceased operation in 1953.  A new incarnation created by the association which acquired the rights to the name in 1956, "Les Amis de Delage", was announced in 2019. Delage Automobiles began production with the Delage D12.
2014 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 2014 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships were the 93rd NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships and the 33rd NCAA Women's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships held for the second consecutive year at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon on the campus of the University of Oregon. In total, thirty-six different men's and women's track and field events were contested from June 11 to June 14, 2014.

2015 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 2015 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships was held from June 10 to June 13, 2015. This was the 94th NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships and the 34th NCAA Women's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships. The meet was held for the third consecutive year at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon, on the campus of the University of Oregon.

In total, 42 different men's and women's track and field events were contested.  The men's distance events were historically slow due to wind and heat. University of Oregon was the overall men's and women's winner of the meet by points.
Lineman (gridiron football)
In gridiron football, a lineman is a player who specializes in play at the line of scrimmage. The linemen of the team currently in possession of the ball are the offensive line (OL), while linemen on the opposing team are the defensive line (DL). A number of National Football League (NFL) rules specifically address restrictions and requirements for the offensive line, whose job is to help protect the quarterback from getting sacked for a loss or fumbling. The defensive line is covered by the same rules that apply to all defensive players. Linemen are usually the largest players on the field in both height and weight, since their positions usually require less running and more strength than skill positions.

Blitz (gridiron football)
In gridiron football, blitzing is a tactic used by the defense to disrupt pass attempts by the offense. During a blitz, a higher than usual number of defensive players will rush the opposing quarterback, in an attempt either to tackle them or force them to hurry their pass attempt.

In practice, a blitz involves five or more players rushing during a single down, rather than the four or three rushers used during normal play. For example, in a defense that normally uses four defensive linemen to rush, a blitz can be created by adding one or more linebackers or defensive backs.

Blitzing is a higher-risk strategy, as fewer defensive players are left to cover receivers or to defend against running plays. However, a successful blitz will result in a sack or will force the quarterback into making an error.

The term "blitz" is German for "lightning" and a reference to the blitzkrieg tactic of World War II.
Churches Uniting in Christ
Churches Uniting in Christ (CUIC) is an ecumenical organization that brings together mainline American denominations (including both predominantly white and predominantly black churches), and was inaugurated on January 20, 2002, in Memphis, Tennessee on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel. It is the successor organization to the Consultation on Church Union.

National Council of Churches
The National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA, usually identified as the National Council of Churches (NCC), is the largest ecumenical body in the United States. NCC is an ecumenical partnership of 38 Christian faith groups in the United States. Its member communions include mainline Protestant, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, African-American, evangelical, and historic peace churches. Together, it encompasses more than 100,000 local congregations and 40 million adherents. It began as the Federal Council of Churches in 1908, and expanded through merger with several other ecumenical organizations to become the National Council of Churches in 1950. Its Interim President and General Secretary is Bishop Vashti Murphy McKenzie.
Lazar Yazgur
Lazar Semionovich Yazgur (Russian: Ла́зарь Семё́нович Язгу́р; 7 June 1928, Leningrad, USSR – 2000, Israel) was a Soviet, Russian Jewish realist painter, who lived and worked in Leningrad, a member of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists (before 1992 - the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation), regarded as one of the representatives of the Leningrad school of painting.

Anna Kostrova
Anna Alexandrovna Kostrova (Russian: А́нна Алекса́ндровна Костро́ва; 22 November 1909 – 7 July 1994) was a Russian Soviet realist painter, graphic artist and book illustrator, who lived and worked in Leningrad. She was a member of the Leningrad Union of Artists, regarded as a representative of the Leningrad school of painting.
Carrara Stadium
Carrara Stadium, currently known as People First Stadium under sponsorship reasons, is a stadium on the Gold Coast in Queensland, Australia, located in the suburb of Carrara.

The stadium is primarily used for Australian rules football, serving as the home ground of the Gold Coast Suns, who compete in the Australian Football League. In addition, the venue is used occasionally for cricket, including Big Bash League matches. Carrara Stadium received substantial redevelopment work prior to the entry of the Brisbane Bears to the VFL/AFL in 1987, but following the Bears' relocation to the Gabba in 1993, it was used for other sports including rugby league, rugby union and even baseball. The stadium has hosted the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2018 Commonwealth Games as well as the athletics competitions. The venue would host Cricket for the 2032 Summer Olympics if Cricket is approved by the International Olympic Committee.

Thebarton Oval
Thebarton Oval is a sports ground in Adelaide, South Australia currently used for a variety of sports including Australian rules football. It was the home ground of South Australian National Football League (SANFL) club West Torrens between 1922 and 1989, and since 2008 has been the home of the South Australian Amateur Football League (SAAFL) now called the Adelaide Footy League.
No. 29 Squadron RAF
No. 29 Squadron is a squadron of the Royal Air Force which is the Typhoon Operational Conversion Unit. Based at RAF Coningsby in Lincolnshire, the squadron is responsible for aircrew training on the Eurofighter Typhoon FGR4. It originally formed as a unit of the Royal Flying Corps in 1915, and is one of the world's oldest fighter squadrons.

No. 64 Squadron RAF
No. 64 Squadron was a squadron of the Royal Air Force, first formed on 1 August 1916 in Norfolk as a squadron of the Royal Flying Corps, and serving in France during World War I. It was re-formed in 1936, going on to fly Spitfires in the Battle of Britain, and for much of World War II. Post-war it remained as a fighter squadron, converting to Gloster Meteor jet aircraft in 1951, and then Gloster Javelins until 1967. It then became the shadow unit for No. 228 OCU, flying the F-4 Phantom until both 228 OCU and 64 Squadron were disbanded on 31 January 1991 at RAF Leuchars.
Corymbia gummifera
Corymbia gummifera, commonly known as red bloodwood, is a species of tree, rarely a mallee, that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has rough, tessellated bark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and urn-shaped fruit.

Eucalyptus sieberi
Eucalyptus sieberi, commonly known as the silvertop ash or black ash, is a species of medium-sized to tall tree that is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It has rough bark on the trunk and the base of larger branches, and smooth bark above. It has lance-shaped to curved adult leaves and flower buds in groups of seven to fifteen, which bear white flowers and barrel-shaped or conical fruit.
Stomiiformes
Stomiiformes /ˈstɒmi.ɪfɔːrmiːz/ is an order of deep-sea ray-finned fishes of very diverse morphology. It includes, for example, dragonfishes, lightfishes (Gonostomatidae and Phosichthyidae), loosejaws, marine hatchetfishes and viperfishes. The order contains 4 families (5 according to some authors) with more than 50 genera and at least 410 species. As usual for deep-sea fishes, there are few common names for species of the order, but the Stomiiformes as a whole are often called dragonfishes and allies or simply stomiiforms.

The scientific name means "Stomias-shaped", from Stomias (the type genus) + the standard fish order suffix "-formes". It ultimately derives from Ancient Greek stóma (στόμᾶ, "mouth") + Latin forma ("external form"), the former in reference to the huge mouth opening of these fishes.

The earliest stomiiform is Paravinciguerria from the Cenomanian of Morocco and Italy.

Myctophiformes
The Myctophiformes /ˈmɪktəfɪfɔːrmiːz/ are an order of ray-finned fishes consisting of two families of deep-sea marine fish, most notably the highly abundant lanternfishes (Myctophidae). The blackchins (Neoscopelidae) contain six species in three genera, while the bulk of the family belongs to the Myctophidae, with over 30 genera and some 252 species.

The scientific name  ultimately derives from Ancient Greek myktér (μυκτήρ, "nose") + óphis (ὄφῖς, "serpent") + Latin forma ("external form"), the Greek part in reference to the long, slender, and heavy-headed shape of these fishes.
Kagerō-class destroyer
The Kagerō-class destroyers (陽炎型駆逐艦, Kagerō-gata Kuchikukan) were a class of nineteen 1st Class destroyers built for the Imperial Japanese Navy during the 1930s, and operated by them during the Pacific War, where all but one were lost.
They were also called the Shiranui-class destroyers (不知火型駆逐艦, Shiranui-gata Kuchikukan), because the second ship, Shiranui, was launched before the first ship, Kagerō.

The class was also one of a series called Destroyer Type-A (甲型駆逐艦, Kō-gata Kuchikukan) within the Imperial Japanese Navy from their plan name. At the time of introduction, these destroyers were among the deadliest destroyers afloat, primarily due to the excellent range and lethality of their "Long Lance" torpedoes.

Asashio-class destroyer
The Asashio-class destroyers (朝潮型駆逐艦, Asashio-gata kuchikukan) were a class of ten destroyers of the Imperial Japanese Navy in service before and during World War II. The overall layout of the class proved successful in service and created a powerful ship that served as the basis for the design of the following two classes of destroyers.
Andronikos Palaiologos (megas domestikos)
Andronikos Doukas Komnenos Palaiologos (Greek: Ἀνδρόνικος Δούκας  Κομνηνός Παλαιολόγος, romanized: Andrónikos Doukas Komnēnós Palaiológos; c. 1190 – 1248/52), was a megas domestikos (commander-in-chief) of the Empire of Nicaea and the father of the Byzantine emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos, the founder of the Palaiologan dynasty.

Theodora Angelina Palaiologina
Theodora Angelina Palaiologina (Greek: Θεοδώρα Άγγελίνα Παλαιολογίνα) was a Byzantine noblewoman and mother of the future Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos, the founder of the Palaiologan dynasty. She was the daughter of the despotes Alexios Palaiologos and Irene Komnene Angelina, the daughter of Alexios III Angelos and Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera.
Wars of Castro
The Wars of Castro were a series of conflicts during the mid-17th century revolving around the ancient city of Castro (located in present-day Lazio, Italy), which eventually resulted in the city's destruction on 2 September 1649.  The conflict was a result of a power struggle between the papacy – represented by members of two deeply entrenched Roman families and their popes, the Barberini and Pope Urban VIII and the Pamphili and Pope Innocent X – and the Farnese dukes of Parma, who controlled Castro and its surrounding territories as the Duchy of Castro.

Taddeo Barberini
Taddeo Barberini (1603–1647) was an Italian nobleman of the House of Barberini who became Prince of Palestrina and Gonfalonier of the Church; commander of the Papal Army. He was a nephew of Pope Urban VIII and brother of Cardinals Francesco Barberini and Antonio Barberini. Thanks to their uncle's famous nepotism, the brothers shaped 17th-century Italian politics, religion, art, music and architecture.
Hariharan (director)
Hariharan is an Indian film director who has directed over 50 Malayalam films. His movies mainly revolve around the cultural and relational aspects of a typical Keralite society. His most notable works include  Sharapancharam (1979), Panchagni (1986), Idavazhiyile Poocha Mindappoocha (1979), Amrutham Gamaya (1987), Oru Vadakkan Veeragatha (1989), Sargam (1992), Parinayam (1994) and Pazhassi Raja (2009) which has won him wide critical acclaim. In 2019, he was awarded the J. C. Daniel Award, Kerala government's highest honour for contributions to Malayalam cinema.

Adoor Bhasi
K. Bhaskaran Nair (1 March 1929 – 29 March 1990), professionally credited by his stage name Adoor Bhasi, was an Indian actor and film director. He was mostly cast as a sidekick to protagonists, particularly Prem Nazir. His comedic roles were widely appreciated in Malayalam films of the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. Bhasi has also done leading and character roles. He directed three Malayalam films in the late 1970s. Bhasi is also known for his eloquent speeches in fluent English. He has won Kerala State Film Awards, including two Best Actor and one Second Best Actor.
Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (PAFA) is a museum and private art school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1805, it is the longest continuously operating art museum and art school in the United States.

The academy's museum is internationally known for its collections of 19th- and 20th-century American paintings, sculptures, and works on paper. Its archives house important materials for the study of American art history, museums, and art training. It offers a Bachelor of Fine Arts, Master of Fine Arts, certificate programs, and continuing education. Beginning in 2025, the academy will cease offering degrees except bachelor's degrees in conjunction with the University of Pennsylvania.

Philadelphia School of Design for Women
The Philadelphia School of Design for Women was an art school for women in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Housed in the former Edwin Forrest House at 1346 North Broad Street, under the directorship of Emily Sartain (1886–1920), it became the largest art school for women in the United States. Its faculty included Robert Henri, Samuel Murray and Daniel Garber. In 1932, it merged into what is now the Moore College of Art and Design.
Congo national football team
The Congo national football team (French: Équipe du Congo de football) represents the Republic of the Congo in men's association football and is governed by the Congolese Football Federation. They have never qualified for the World Cup, but did win the Africa Cup of Nations in 1972. They also won the All-Africa Games football tournament in 1965. The team is also a member of both FIFA and the Confederation of African Football (CAF).

Togo national football team
The Togo national football team (French: Équipe nationale de football du Togo) represents Togo in international football and is controlled by the Togolese Football Federation. The national football team of Togo made their debut in the FIFA World Cup in 2006. Their team bus underwent a fatal attack in Angola prior to the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations. They withdrew and were subsequently banned from the following two tournaments by the Confederation of African Football (CAF). In 2013 for the first time in history, Togo reached the quarter-finals of the Africa Cup of Nations. The team represents both FIFA and the Confederation of African Football (CAF).
Regan Smith (swimmer)
Regan Elisabeth Smith (/ˈreɪɡən/; born February 9, 2002) is an American competitive swimmer who specializes in backstroke and butterfly events.

As a teenager, Smith was regarded as the best American swimmer of her age group. She broke out on the international stage at the 2019 World Championships, winning two gold medals. At the 2020 Olympic Games, Smith won three medals. She then won two gold medals at the 2022 World Championships and five medals, including 1 gold, at the 2023 World Championships. At the 2024 Olympic Games, Smith won five medals, including two golds. She won seven medals, including four golds, at the 2024 Short Course World Championships.

Smith holds the long course world record in the 100 m backstroke and formerly held the record in the 200 m backstroke. She holds the short course world records in the 50 m backstroke, 100 m backstroke, and formerly held the record in the 200 m backstroke.

Katharine Berkoff
Katharine Berkoff (born January 28, 2001) is an American female swimmer who competed for North Carolina State University and won a gold medal in the 4x100 medley relay and a bronze medal in the 100-meter backstroke at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris.  A prolific international competitor, she won fifteen medals, including five golds, at Short course and Long course World Championships between 2021-2024 in individual backstroke and both freestyle and medley relay events.