hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Appendix (anatomy)
The appendix (pl.: appendices or appendixes; also vermiform appendix;  cecal (or caecal, cæcal) appendix; vermix; or vermiform process) is a finger-like, blind-ended tube connected to the cecum.

The cecum is a pouch-like structure of the large intestine, located at the junction of the small and the large intestines. The term "vermiform" comes from Latin and means "worm-shaped". In the early 2000s, the appendix was reassessed and is no longer considered a vestigial organ. The appendix may serve as a reservoir for beneficial gut bacteria.

Sigmoid colon
The sigmoid colon (or pelvic colon) is the part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus. It forms a loop that averages about 35–40 centimetres (14–16 in) in length. The loop is typically shaped like a Greek letter sigma (ς) or Latin letter S (thus sigma + -oid). This part of the colon normally lies within the pelvis, but due to its freedom of movement it is liable to be displaced into the abdominal cavity.
Serbian language
Serbian is the standard variety of the Serbo-Croatian language, mainly used by Serbs. It is the national official language and literary standard of Serbia, one of the official languages in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo, and a recognized minority language in numerous countries.

Serbian is based on the most widespread supradialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian (more specifically on the dialects of Šumadija-Vojvodina and Eastern Herzegovina), which is also the basis of other Serbo-Croatian standard varieties: Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin.

Serbian is a rare example of synchronic digraphia, using both Cyrillic and Latin scripts.

University of Arts in Belgrade
The University of Arts in Belgrade (Serbian Cyrillic: Универзитет уметности у Београду, romanized: Univerzitet umetnosti u Beogradu) is a public university in Serbia. It was founded in 1957 as the Academy of Arts to unite four academies. It became a university and acquired its current name in 1973.
S30 (ZVV)
The S30 is a regional railway line of the Zurich S-Bahn on the ZVV (Zürich transportation network). It connects the cantons of Zurich and Thurgau, Switzerland, with some services extending to the canton of St. Gallen.

Rorschach railway station
Rorschach railway station (German: Bahnhof Rorschach) is a railway station in Rorschach, in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen. It sits at the junction of four railway lines: Chur–Rorschach, Rorschach–St. Gallen, Rorschach–Heiden, and the Lake Line. It is the primary station for Rorschach and is served by local and long-distance trains.

Rorschach is one of three stations within the municipality of Rorschach, along with Rorschach Stadt (the next station west on the Rorschach–St. Gallen line) and Rorschach Hafen, the next station northwest on the Rorschach–Heiden line on the shore of Lake Constance.
Team classification in the Tour de France
The team classification is a prize given in the Tour de France to the best team in the race. It has been awarded since 1930, and the calculation has changed throughout the years. There is no coloured jersey for this, but the numbers on the jerseys of the members of the team with the best performance in the general classification at the end of the previous stage are against a yellow background instead of white.

Young rider classification in the Tour de France
The young rider classification is a secondary competition in the Tour de France, that started in 1975. Excluding the years 1989 to 1999, the leader of the young rider classification wears a white jersey (French: maillot blanc). It goes to whichever eligible rider has the best time in the general classification.

The requirements to be eligible for the young rider classification have changed over the years but have always been such that experienced cyclists were not eligible, sometimes by excluding cyclists over a certain age, cyclists who had entered the Tour de France before, or cyclists who had been professional for more than two years. In the most recent years, only cyclists who will remain below 26 in the year the race is held are eligible.

In the Tour de France Femmes, the white jersey is awarded to the highest placed rider in the general classification under the age of 23.
Assisi
Assisi (/əˈsiːsi/, also US: /-iːzi, əˈsɪsi, -ɪzi/; Italian: [asˈsiːzi]; from Latin: Asisium; Central Italian: Ascesi) is a town and comune of Italy in the Province of Perugia in the Umbria region, on the western flank of Monte Subasio.

It is generally regarded as the birthplace of the Latin poet Propertius, born around 50–45 BC. It is the birthplace of St. Francis, who founded the Order of Friars Minor in that town in 1208, and of St. Clare of Assisi (Chiara d'Offreducci), who, with St. Francis, founded the Order of Poor Ladies, which later became the Order of Poor Clares after her death. In 1838, St. Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows was also born in Assisi.

Comune
A comune (pronounced [koˈmuːne]; pl.: comuni, pronounced [koˈmuːni]) is an administrative division of Italy, roughly equivalent to a township or municipality. It is the third-level administrative division of Italy, after regions (regioni) and provinces (province). The comune can also have the title of città (lit. 'city').

Formed praeter legem according to the principles consolidated in medieval municipalities, the comune is provided for by article 114 of the Constitution of Italy. It can be divided into frazioni, which in turn may have limited power due to special elective assemblies.

In the autonomous region of the Aosta Valley, a comune is officially called a commune in French.
Kalanimoku
William Pitt Kalanimoku or Kalaimoku (c. 1768 – February 7, 1827) was a High Chief who functioned similarly to a prime minister of the Hawaiian Kingdom during the reigns of Kamehameha I, Kamehameha II and the beginning of the reign of  Kamehameha III. He was called The Iron Cable of Hawaiʻi because of his abilities.: 2

Kuamoʻo Burials
The Kuamoʻo Burials (also known as the Lekeleke Burial Grounds) is an historic Hawaiian burial site for warriors killed during a major battle in 1819. The site is located at Kuamoʻo Bay in the North Kona District, on the island of Hawaiʻi, United States.
Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast (Russian: Вологодская область, romanized: Vologodskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [vəlɐˈɡotskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]; Veps: Vologdan agj) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is Vologda. The oblast has a population of 1,202,444 (2010 Census). The largest city is Cherepovets, the home of the Severstal metallurgical plant, the largest industrial enterprise in the oblast.

Vologda Oblast is home to many historic monuments, such as the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, Ferapontov Monastery (a World Heritage Site) with the frescoes of Dionisius, the two medieval towns of Velikiy Ustyug and Belozersk, and the baroque churches of Totma and Ustyuzhna.

Large reserves of wood and fresh water are the main natural resources.

Ustyansky District
Ustyansky District (Russian: Устья́нский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Ustyansky Municipal District. It is located in the south of the oblast and borders with Verkhnetoyemsky District in the northeast, Krasnoborsky and Kotlassky Districts in the east, Velikoustyugsky, Nyuksensky, Tarnogsky, and Verkhovazhsky Districts, all of Vologda Oblast, in the south, Velsky District in the west, and with Shenkursky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 10,700 square kilometers (4,100 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Oktyabrsky. Population:  30,581 (2010 census); 37,131 (2002 census); 45,352 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Oktyabrsky accounts for 30.4% of the district's total population.
Modoc County, California
Modoc County (/ˈmoʊdɒk/ ⓘ) is a county located in the far northeast corner of the U.S. state of California. Its population is 8,700 as of the 2020 census, down from 9,686 from the 2010 census. This makes it California's third-least-populous county. The county seat and only incorporated city is Alturas. Previous County seats include Lake City and Centerville. The county borders Nevada and Oregon. Much of Modoc County is federal land. Several federal agencies, including the United States Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service, Bureau of Indian Affairs, and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, have employees assigned to the area, and their operations are a significant part of its economy and services. The county's official slogans include "The last best place" and "Where the West still lives".

Sutter County, California
Sutter County is located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 99,633. The county seat is Yuba City. Sutter County is included in the Yuba City, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the Sacramento-Roseville, CA Combined Statistical Area. The county is located along the Sacramento River in the Sacramento Valley.
Characiformes
Characiformes /ˈkærəsɪfɔːrmiːz/ is an order of ray-finned fish, comprising the characins and their allies. Grouped in 18 recognized families, more than 2000 different species are described, including the well-known piranha and tetras. Characins are most diverse in the Neotropics, where they are found in lakes and rivers throughout most of South and Central America. At least 209 species of characins are found in Africa, including the distichodontids, citharinids, alestids, and hepsetids. The rest of the characins originate in the Americas.

A few characins become quite large, and are important as food or game. Most, however, are small shoaling fish (or forage fish). Many species commonly called tetras are popular in aquaria because of their bright colors, general hardiness, and tolerance towards other fish in community tanks.

Megalamphodus
Megalamphodus is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Acestrorhamphidae, the American tetras. The fishes in this genus are found in the Neotropics. Many prominent ornamental tetras belong to this genus.

Although recognized as a distinct genus early on, it was later synonymized with Hyphessobrycon. More recent studies have resurrected this genus, and have found that it belongs to a different subfamily of the Acestrorhamphidae than Hyphessobrycon.
Hundred (county division)
A hundred is an administrative division that is geographically part of a larger region. It was formerly used in England, Wales, some parts of the United States, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Norway, and in Cumberland County in the British Colony of New South Wales. It is still used in other places, including in Australia (in South Australia and the Northern Territory). Other terms for the hundred in English and other languages include wapentake, herred (Danish and Bokmål Norwegian), herad (Nynorsk Norwegian), härad or hundare (Swedish), Harde (German), hiird (North Frisian), kihlakunta (Finnish), kihelkond (Estonian), and cantref (Welsh). In Ireland, a similar subdivision of counties is referred to as a barony, and a hundred is a subdivision of a particularly large townland (most townlands are not divided into hundreds).

List of hundreds of Sweden
A hundred is a geographic division formerly used in northern Germanic countries and related colonies, which historically was used to divide a larger region into smaller administrative divisions.  The equivalent term in Swedish is härad (in Uppland also known as hundare during the early Middle Ages); in Danish and Norwegian, herred; in Finnish, kihlakunta; and in Estonian, kihelkond. The Scanian hundreds were Danish until the Treaty of Roskilde of 1658.
Catmon
Catmon, officially the Municipality of Catmon (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Catmon; Tagalog: Bayan ng Catmon),  is a municipality in the province of Cebu, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 34,608 people.

The town fiesta is celebrated every February 10 in honor of their patron saint, St. William the Hermit. Part of the annual fiesta is the Budbod Kabog Festival and participated by the public schools.

Poro, Cebu
Poro, officially the Municipality of Poro (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Poro; Tagalog: Bayan ng Poro),  is a municipality in the province of Cebu, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 26,908 people.

The patronal feast of Poro is celebrated on the third Friday of January, in honour of the Santo Niño de Cebu.
A. D. Hope
Alec Derwent Hope AC OBE FAHA (21 July 1907 – 13 July 2000) was an Australian poet and essayist known for his satirical slant. He was also a critic, teacher and academic.  He was referred to in an American journal as "the 20th century's greatest 18th-century poet".

Douglas Stewart (poet)
Douglas Stewart AO OBE (6 May 1913 – 14 February 1985) was a major twentieth century Australian poet, as well as short story writer, essayist and literary editor.  He published 13 collections of poetry, 5 verse plays, including the well-known Fire on the Snow, many short stories and critical essays, and biographies of Norman Lindsay and Kenneth Slessor. He also edited several poetry anthologies.

His greatest contribution to Australian literature came from his 20 years as literary editor of The Bulletin, his 10 years as a publishing editor with Angus & Robertson, and his lifetime support of Australian writers.
Götterdämmerung
Götterdämmerung (German: [ˈɡœtɐˌdɛməʁʊŋ] ⓘ; Twilight of the Gods), WWV 86D, is the last of the four epic music dramas that constitute Richard Wagner's cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen (English: The Ring of the Nibelung). It received its premiere at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus on 17 August 1876, as part of the first complete performance of the whole work.

The title is a German calque of the Old Norse phrase Ragnarök, which in Norse mythology refers to a prophesied war among various beings and gods that ultimately results in the burning, immersion in water, and renewal of the world. As with the rest of the Ring, Wagner's account diverges significantly from these Old Norse sources.

The autograph manuscript of the work is preserved in the Richard Wagner Foundation.

Salome (opera)
Salome, Op. 54, is an opera in one act by Richard Strauss. The libretto is Hedwig Lachmann's German translation of the 1891 French play Salomé by Oscar Wilde, edited by the composer. Strauss dedicated the opera to his friend Sir Edgar Speyer.

The opera is famous (at the time of its premiere, infamous) for its "Dance of the Seven Veils". The final scene is frequently heard as a concert-piece for dramatic sopranos.
Ukrainian Premier League Under-21 and Under-19
The Ukrainian Premier League youth competitions is a complex of youth competitions within the Ukrainian Premier League and is part of youth competitions in Ukraine. The events include championship among two age categories under 19 and under 21 years old.

Following the 2020–21 season, competitions among under-21 teams were discontinued.

Ukrainian Youth Football League
The Ukrainian National Youth Competition (Ukrainian: Дитячо-юнацька футбольна ліга України, (ДЮФЛУ), romanized: Dytiacho-yunatska futbolna liha Ukrainy, (DIuFLU)) is a Ukrainian organization of the Ukrainian Association of Football that conducts association football competitions among youth teams in four (4) age categories (under-14, U-15, U-16, and U-17) and originally consisted of two tiers the Supreme and the First Leagues. The Supreme Leagues consists out of four regional groups and the First have eight. In 2020 there was introduced the Elite League (top tier). The competition's oldest age group has the teenagers who are no older than 17 years old and the youngest - the teenagers no older than 14.

Along with the Professional Football League of Ukraine starting in 2016 the Youth League is also co-organizer of separate Under-19 competitions.
Cvetković–Maček Agreement
The Cvetković–Maček Agreement (Serbo-Croatian: Sporazum Cvetković-Maček, Споразум Цветковић-Мачек), also known simply as the Sporazum in English-language histories,
was a political compromise on internal divisions in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. It was settled on August 26, 1939, by  Yugoslav prime minister Dragiša Cvetković (an ethnic Serb) and by Vladko Maček (a Croat politician.) The agreement established the Banovina of Croatia, with boundaries drawn to include as many ethnic Croats as possible. This effectively created within  unitary Yugoslavia an  autonomous Croatian sub-state, a demand of Croat politicians since the  1918 founding of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Yugoslavia). The Banovina later provided a model for eventual post-war constitutional arrangements in Federal Yugoslavia (1943–1945).

Subdivisions of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
The subdivisions of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (initially known as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes) existed successively in three different forms.  From 1918 to 1922, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia maintained the pre-World War I subdivisions of Yugoslavia's predecessor states.  In 1922, the state was divided into 33 oblasts or provinces and, in 1929, a new system of nine banates (in Serbo-Croatian, the word for "banate" is banovina) was implemented.
United States Department of Homeland Security
The United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is the U.S. federal executive department responsible for public security, roughly comparable to the interior, home, or public security ministries in other countries. Its missions involve anti-terrorism, civil defense, immigration and customs, border control, cybersecurity, transportation security, maritime security and sea rescue, and the mitigation of weapons of mass destruction.

It began operations on March 1, 2003, after being formed as a result of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, enacted in response to the September 11 attacks. With more than 240,000 employees, DHS is the third-largest Cabinet department, after the departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs. Homeland security policy is coordinated at the White House by the Homeland Security Council. Other agencies with significant homeland security responsibilities include the departments of Health and Human Services, Justice, and Energy.

Tricia McLaughlin (spokeswoman)
Tricia McLaughlin (born 1994 or 1995) is an American spokeswoman serving as assistant secretary for public affairs in the United States Department of Homeland Security. She has held roles in both the first and second Trump administrations. She became the face and voice of the second Donald Trump administration's immigration enforcement.

McLaughlin was prominent as a vocal defender of the second Trump administration's immigration enforcement policies. In her statements, she defended the killings of Renée Good and Alex Pretti by immigration enforcement officers in Minneapolis, made assertions that were contradicted by evidence or statements by local officials, and accused federal judges who issued rulings unfavorable to the administration of incompetence and malfeasance. Her public statements were used by attorneys suing the administration to refute federal attorneys' court arguments.
Merrimack River
The Merrimack River (or Merrimac River, an occasional earlier spelling) is a 117-mile-long (188 km) river in the northeastern United States. It rises at the confluence of the Pemigewasset and Winnipesaukee rivers in Franklin, New Hampshire, flows southward into Massachusetts, and then flows northeast until it empties into the Gulf of Maine at Newburyport. From Pawtucket Falls in Lowell, Massachusetts, onward, the Massachusetts–New Hampshire border is roughly calculated as the line three miles north of the river.

The Merrimack is an important regional focus in both New Hampshire and Massachusetts. The central-southern part of New Hampshire and most of northeast Massachusetts is known as the Merrimack Valley.

Several U.S. naval ships have been named USS Merrimack and USS Merrimac in honor of this river. The river is also known for the early American literary classic A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers by Henry David Thoreau.

Ferdinando Gorges
Sir Ferdinando Gorges (c. 1565–1568 – 24 May 1647) was a naval and military commander and governor of the important port of Plymouth in England. He was involved in Essex's Rebellion against the Queen, but escaped punishment by testifying against the main conspirators. His early involvement in English trade with and settlement of North America as well as his efforts in founding the Province of Maine in 1622 earned him the title of the "Father of English Colonization in North America," even though Gorges himself never set foot in the New World.
Burlington Bees
The Burlington Bees are a collegiate summer baseball team of the Prospect League. They are located in Burlington, Iowa, and have played their home games at Community Field since 1947. Founded in 1889, the Bees played in Minor League Baseball's Midwest League from 1962 to 2020. With Major League Baseball's reorganization of the minor leagues after the 2020 season, Burlington was not selected to continue in affiliated baseball.

The team was first known as the "Bees" from 1924 to 1932 and again from 1954 to 1981. The Bees nickname was revived for the 1993 season and remains to this day.

Baseball Hall of Fame inductees Billy Williams, Paul Molitor and Larry Walker played for Burlington.

The Bees play in the Prospect League's Western Conference – Northwest Division along with the Clinton LumberKings, Illinois Valley Pistol Shrimp, and Quincy Doggy Paddlers.

Northwest Arkansas Naturals
The Northwest Arkansas Naturals are a Minor League Baseball team based in Springdale, Arkansas. The team is a member of the Texas League, and serves as the Double-A affiliate of the Kansas City Royals. The Naturals play at Arvest Ballpark, which opened in 2008 and is located at the intersection of Gene George Boulevard and Watkins Avenue. The team relocated from Wichita, Kansas, in 2008, where it was known as the Wichita Wranglers.
2010 United States census
The 2010 United States census was the 23rd United States census. National Census Day, the reference day used for the census, was April 1, 2010. The census was taken via mail-in citizen self-reporting, with enumerators serving to spot-check randomly selected neighborhoods and communities. As part of a drive to increase the count's accuracy, 635,000 temporary enumerators were hired. The population of the United States was counted as 308,745,538, a 9.7% increase from the 2000 United States census. This was the first census in which all states recorded a population of over 500,000 people as well as the first in which all 100 largest cities recorded populations of over 200,000.

It was the first census since 1930 that California did not record the largest population growth in absolute number. Texas surpassed California's growth by 4.3 million to 3.4 million.

San Carlos I, Texas
San Carlos I is a census-designated place (CDP) in Webb County, Texas, United States. This was a new CDP formed from parts of the Laredo Ranchettes CDP prior to the 2010 census, with a population of 316.

It is one of several colonias in Webb County.