hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
AP Spanish Language and Culture
Advanced Placement (AP) Spanish Language and Culture (also known as AP Spanish Language, AP Spanish IV, AP SpLang, or AP Spanish) is a course and examination offered by the College Board in the United States education system as part of the Advanced Placement Program.

AP United States History
Advanced Placement (AP) United States History (also known as AP U.S. History, APUSH (/ˈeɪ.pʊʃ/), or AP U.S.) is a college-level course and examination offered by College Board as part of the Advanced Placement Program.
Vltava
The Vltava (/ˈvʊltəvə, ˈvʌl-/ VU(U)L-tə-və, Czech: [ˈvl̩tava] ⓘ; German: Moldau [ˈmɔldaʊ] ⓘ) is the longest river in the Czech Republic, a left tributary of the Elbe River. It runs southeast along the Bohemian Forest and then north across Bohemia, through Český Krumlov, České Budějovice, and Prague. It is commonly referred to as the "Czech national river".

Malá Strana
Malá Strana (Czech for "Little Side (of the River)", German: Prager Kleinseite) or historically Menší Město pražské (English: Lesser Town of Prague) is a district of the city of Prague, Czech Republic, and one of its most historic neighbourhoods.

In the Middle Ages, it was a dominant center of the ethnic German (and since 16th century also Italian) citizens of Prague. It also housed many noble palaces while the right-bank towns were comparatively more bourgeois and more Bohemian Czech.
Saraswat Brahmin
Saraswat Brahmins  are spread over widely separated regions spanning from Kashmir and Punjab in North India to Konkan in West India to Kanara (coastal region of Karnataka) and Kerala in South India. In places such as western and southern India, the claim of Brahminhood of some communities who claim to be Saraswat Brahmins is disputed. The word Saraswat is derived from the Rigvedic Sarasvati River.

Karhade Brahmin
Karhaḍe Brahmins (also spelled as Karada Brahmins or Karad Brahmins) are a Hindu Brahmin sub-caste mainly from the Indian state of Maharashtra, but are also distributed in the states of Goa, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh.
Blanchardstown
Blanchardstown (Irish: Baile Bhlainséir) is a large outer suburb of Dublin in the modern county of Fingal, Ireland. Located ten kilometres (6 mi) northwest of Dublin city centre, it has developed since the 1960s from a small village to a point where Greater Blanchardstown is the largest urban area in Fingal.

It is within the historical barony of Castleknock in the traditional County Dublin, as well as the Dublin 15 postal area and the Dublin West electoral constituency.

One of Ireland's largest shopping and leisure complexes — the Blanchardstown Centre and adjacent facilities — is located in the area.

Townland
A townland (Irish: baile fearainn; Ulster-Scots: toonlann) is a traditional small land division used in Ireland and in the Western Isles of Scotland, typically covering 100–500 acres (40–202 ha). The townland system is of medieval Gaelic origin, predating the Norman invasion, and most have Irish-derived names. However, some townland names and boundaries come from Norman manors, plantation divisions, or later creations of the Ordnance Survey. Townlands cover the whole island of Ireland, and the total number of inhabited townlands in Ireland was 60,679 in 1911. The total number recognised by the Placenames Database of Ireland as of 2014 was 61,098, including uninhabited townlands.
Limavady
Limavady (/lɪməˈvædi/; from Irish  Léim an Mhadaidh 'leap of the dog') is a market town in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, with Binevenagh as a backdrop. Lying  17 miles (27 km) east of Derry and 14 miles (23 km) southwest of Coleraine, Limavady had a population of 11,279 people at the 2021 Census. In the 40 years between 1971 and 2011, Limavady's population nearly doubled. Limavady is within Causeway Coast and Glens Borough.

From 1988 to 2004, a total of 1,332 dwellings were built in the town, mainly at Bovally along the southeastern edge of the town. The large industrial estate at Aghanloo is 2 miles (3 km) north of the town.

Townland
A townland (Irish: baile fearainn; Ulster-Scots: toonlann) is a traditional small land division used in Ireland and in the Western Isles of Scotland, typically covering 100–500 acres (40–202 ha). The townland system is of medieval Gaelic origin, predating the Norman invasion, and most have Irish-derived names. However, some townland names and boundaries come from Norman manors, plantation divisions, or later creations of the Ordnance Survey. Townlands cover the whole island of Ireland, and the total number of inhabited townlands in Ireland was 60,679 in 1911. The total number recognised by the Placenames Database of Ireland as of 2014 was 61,098, including uninhabited townlands.
Small-footed shrew
The small-footed shrew (Crocidura parvipes) is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae. It is found in Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and shrubland.

Yankari shrew
The Yankari shrew (Crocidura yankariensis) is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae. It is found in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, Somalia, and Sudan. Its natural habitat is dry savanna.
Rego Park
Rego Park is a neighborhood in the borough of Queens in New York City. Rego Park is bordered to the north by Elmhurst and Corona, to the east and south by Forest Hills, and to the west by Middle Village. Rego Park's boundaries include Queens Boulevard, the Long Island Expressway, Woodhaven Boulevard, and Yellowstone Boulevard. There is a large Jewish population in the neighborhood, which features high-rise apartment buildings and detached houses, as well as a large commercial zone.

Rego Park is located in Queens Community District 6 and its ZIP Code is 11374. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 112th Precinct. Politically, Rego Park is represented by the New York City Council's 29th District and a small part of the 24th and 25th Districts.

Maspeth, Queens
Maspeth is a residential and commercial community in the borough of Queens in New York City. It was founded in the early 17th century by Dutch and English settlers. Neighborhoods sharing borders with Maspeth are Woodside to the north; Sunnyside to the northwest; Greenpoint, Brooklyn, to the west; East Williamsburg, Brooklyn, to the southwest; Fresh Pond and Ridgewood to the south; and Middle Village and Elmhurst to the east.

Maspeth is located in Queens Community District 5 and its ZIP Code is 11378. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 104th Precinct. Politically, Maspeth is represented by the New York City Council's 26th and 30th districts.
Wouter Hanegraaff
Wouter Jacobus Hanegraaff (born 10 April 1961) is professor of History of Hermetic Philosophy and related currents at the University of Amsterdam, Netherlands. He is a member of the Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Science (KNAW) and an honorary member of the European Society for the Study of Western Esotericism (ESSWE), having served as its first president from 2005 to 2013.

Roel van den Broek
Roelof  "Roel" B. van den Broek (born 20 December 1931) is a Dutch religious scholar. He was a professor of Religious History of the Hellenistic period at Utrecht University between 1979 and 1991. He subsequently was a professor of history of Christianity until his retirement in 1997.
1957–58 Greek Football Cup
The 1957–58 Greek Football Cup was the 16th edition of the Greek Football Cup. The competition culminated with the Greek Cup Final, held at Karaiskakis Stadium, on 30 July 1958. The match was contested by Olympiacos and Doxa Drama, with Olympiacos winning by 5–1.

1958–59 Greek Football Cup
The 1958–59 Greek Football Cup was the 17th edition of the Greek Football Cup. The competition culminated with the Greek Cup Final, held at Leoforos Alexandras Stadium, Athens on 5 July 1959. The match was contested by Olympiacos and Doxa Drama, with Olympiacos winning by 2–1.
Phuntsholing
Phuntsholing, also spelled as Phuentsholing (Dzongkha: ཕུན་ཚོགས་གླིང་), is a border town in southern Bhutan and is the administrative seat of Chukha District. The town occupies parts of both Phuentsholing Gewog and Sampheling Gewog.

Phuentsholing adjoins the Indian town of Jaigaon, and cross-border trade has resulted in a thriving local economy. The town previously hosted the headquarters of the Bank of Bhutan before they were shifted to Thimphu. In 2017, Phuentsholing had a population of 27,658.

Paro, Bhutan
Paro (Dzongkha: སྤ་རོ་) is a town and seat of Paro District, in the Paro Valley of Bhutan. It is a historic town with many sacred sites and historical buildings scattered throughout the area. It is also home to Paro International Airport, Bhutan's sole international airport. Paro Airport is served by Bhutan Airlines and Drukair.
Sweden men's national junior ice hockey team
The Swedish men's national under 20 ice hockey team, or Juniorkronorna (Junior Crowns in Swedish) as it is commonly called in Sweden, is the national under-20 ice hockey team in Sweden. The team represents Sweden at the International Ice Hockey Federation's World Junior Hockey Championship, held annually every December and January, and is affectionately known as The Junior Crowns, referencing the men's national team Three Crowns.

Sweden's roster for the 1981 World Junior Championships when they won gold included players such as Jan Erixon, Patrik and Peter Sundström, Håkan Nordin and Lars Eriksson.

United States men's national junior ice hockey team
The United States men's national junior ice hockey team represents the United States at the IIHF World Junior Championship.

The team has won the World Junior Championships seven times. (2004, 2010, 2013, 2017, 2021, 2024, 2025). Many NHL prospects, including John Carlson, Jack Eichel, Auston Matthews, Patrick Kane, Zach Parise, Adam Fox and Matthew Tkachuk, played on the national junior team.
Humphry Osmond
Humphry Fortescue Osmond (1 July 1917 – 6 February 2004) was an English psychiatrist who moved to Canada and later the United States. He is known for inventing the word psychedelic and for his research into interesting and useful applications for psychedelic drugs. Osmond also explored aspects of the psychology of social environments, in particular how they influenced welfare or recovery in mental institutions.

Christopher Mayhew
Christopher Paget Mayhew, Baron Mayhew (12 June 1915 – 7 January 1997) was a British politician who was a Labour Member of Parliament (MP) from 1945 to 1950 and from 1951 to 1974, when he left the Labour Party to join the Liberals. In 1981 Mayhew received a life peerage and was raised to the House of Lords as Baron Mayhew. He is most known for his central role in founding the Information Research Department (IRD), a secret wing of the Foreign Office dedicated to Cold War propaganda, and for asking a question in parliament that led to the end of the rum ration in the Royal Navy.
CS Mioveni
Clubul Sportiv Mioveni (Romanian pronunciation: [ˌklubul sporˈtiv mi.oˈvenʲ]), commonly known as CS Mioveni or simply Mioveni, was a Romanian professional football club based in Mioveni, Argeș County.

The team was founded in 2000 as AS Mioveni and began playing the fourth division. The following year, it merged with nearby Dacia Pitești and took its berth in the Divizia C. The club made its first appearance in the top division in the 2007–08 campaign as Dacia Mioveni, and in 2010 settled on the current name of CS Mioveni.

"The Yellow and Greens" played their home matches at the Stadionul Orășenesc, which had a seating capacity of 10,000 persons.

FC Hermannstadt
Asociația Fotbal Club Hermannstadt (German pronunciation: [ˈhɛʁmanʃtat]), commonly known as FC Hermannstadt, Hermannstadt, or familiarly as Sibiu (Romanian pronunciation: [siˈbiw]), is a Romanian professional football club based in the city of Sibiu, Sibiu County, that competes in the Liga I, the top tier of Romanian football.

The team was founded in 2015 and entered the fourth division, with Hermannstadt being the equivalent of the city's name in the standard German language (i.e. Hochdeutsch). Nicknamed Roș-negrii ("the Red-Blacks"), they achieved successive promotions and reached the Liga I, the top tier of the Romanian league system, in 2018.

That same year, Hermannstadt also reached the final of Cupa României, which they lost 0–2 to Universitatea Craiova. They repeated this achievement in 2025, but again finished as runners-up after a narrow 2–3 defeat to CFR Cluj.
Home Improvement (TV series)
Home Improvement is an American sitcom television series starring Tim Allen, originally airing on ABC from September 17, 1991, to May 25, 1999, with a total of 204 half-hour episodes spanning eight seasons. The series is set in suburban Detroit. It was created by Carmen Finestra, David McFadzean, and Matt Williams, and was one of the most watched sitcoms in the United States during the 1990s, winning many awards and being ABC's number-one sitcom for most of its run. The series also launched stand-up comedian Allen's acting career, and grossed more than $500 million in syndication revenue by 1996.

Sitcom
A sitcom (short for situation comedy or situational comedy) is a genre of comedy produced for radio and television, that centers on a recurring cast of characters as they navigate humorous situations within a consistent setting, such as a home, workplace, or community. Unlike sketch comedy, which features different characters and settings in each skit, sitcoms typically maintain plot continuity across episodes. This continuity allows for the development of storylines and characters over time, fostering audience engagement and investment in the characters' lives and relationships.
Kahungunu
Kahungunu was a Māori ariki (chieftain) of the Tākitimu tribal confederation and ancestor of the Ngāti Kahungunu and Te Aitanga-a-Māhaki iwi. He probably lived in the late fifteenth century. Although born in Kaitaia, he was raised in Tauranga, leaving for the east coast after he quarrelled with his older brother. There he married a number of women and had numerous offspring. Tradition particularly dwells on his courtship of Rongomai-wahine, which culminated in the murder of her husband Tama-taku-tai. Afterwards, he settled at Maunga-a-kāhia on Māhia Peninsula. In his old age, he negotiated a peace when Maunga-a-kāhia was attacked by his nephew Tūtāmure and he summoned the war party which avenged his son at the Battle of Kai-whakareireia.

Rakaipaaka
Rakaipaaka was a Māori rangatira (chieftain) of the Ngāti Kahungunu iwi and ancestor of the hapū of Ngāti Rakaipaaka. He grew up in the area of modern Gisborne, but was defeated in battle by Tu-te-kohi and resettled at Moumoukai on the Nūhaka River in northern Hawke's Bay, where his descendants still live today. In his later life, he supported his nephew Tama-te-rangi in a conflict with Ngāi Tauira.
Styria (Slovenia)
Littoral

Carniola: 2a Upper, 2b Inner, 2c Lower

Carinthia

Styria

Prekmurje

Styria (/ˈstɪəriə/; Slovene: Štajerska [ˈʃtáːjɛɾska]), also known as Slovenian Styria (Slovenska Štajerska; Austrian German: Slowenische Steiermark) or Lower Styria (Spodnja Štajerska; Untersteiermark) to differentiate it from Austrian Styria, is a traditional region in northeastern Slovenia, comprising the southern third of the former Duchy of Styria. The population of Styria in its historical boundaries amounts to around 705,000 inhabitants, or 34.5% of the population of Slovenia. Its largest city and urban center is Maribor, with other urban centers including Celje, Velenje, Ptuj and Trbovlje.

Ljubno ob Savinji
Ljubno ob Savinji (pronounced [ˈljuːbnɔ ɔp saˈʋiːnji]; German: Laufen) is the largest settlement and the centre of the Municipality of Ljubno on the upper course of the Savinja River in Slovenia. The town is referred to as Ljubno ob Savinji in order to distinguish it from other settlements named Ljubno. Traditionally it belonged to the region of Styria and is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region. The settlement was first mentioned in written documents dating to 1247, and by 1442 it was classified as a market town.
Corrientes Province
Corrientes (Spanish pronunciation: [koˈrjentes], lit. ‘currents’ or ‘streams’; Guarani: Taragui), officially the Province of Corrientes (Spanish: Provincia de Corrientes; Guarani: Taragui Tetãmini) is a province in northeast Argentina, in the Mesopotamia region. It is surrounded by (from the north, clockwise): Paraguay, Misiones, Brazil, Uruguay, and the provinces of Entre Rios, Santa Fe and Chaco. With an area of 88,199 km², it ranks sixteenth in territorial size among Argentina’s provinces.

From the historical perspective of the construction of the Argentine State, it is one of the oldest provinces in Argentine territory and one of the fourteen founding provinces of the Argentine Confederation.

In 2004, the Guaraní language was declared an “alternative official language,” reflecting the bilingual character that distinguishes the province.

Córdoba Province, Argentina
Córdoba (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkoɾðoβa]) is a province of Argentina, located in the center of the country. Its neighboring provinces are (clockwise from the north) Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, Buenos Aires, La Pampa, San Luis, La Rioja, and Catamarca. Together with Santa Fe and Entre Ríos, the province is part of the economic and political association known as the Center Region.

Córdoba is the second-most populous Argentine province, with 3,978,984 inhabitants, and the fifth by size, at about 165,321 km2 (63,831 sq mi). Almost 41% of its inhabitants reside in the capital city, Córdoba, and its surroundings, making it the second most populous metro area in Argentina.
PAGASA
The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (full name: Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration) (Filipino: Pangasiwaan ng Pilipinas sa Serbisyong Atmosperiko, Heopisiko at Astronomiko), abbreviated as PAGASA or DOST-PAGASA, is the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS) agency of the Philippines mandated to provide protection against natural calamities and to ensure the safety, well-being and economic security of all the people, and for the promotion of national progress by undertaking scientific and technological services in meteorology, hydrology, climatology, astronomy and other geophysical sciences. Created on December 8, 1972, by reorganizing the Weather Bureau, PAGASA now serves as one of the Scientific and Technological Services Institutes of the Department of Science and Technology.

Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency
Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency (Indonesian: Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika, abbreviated BMKG) is an Indonesian non-departmental government agency for meteorology, climatology, and geophysics.
Minuscule 33
Minuscule 33 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), δ 48 (Soden), before the French Revolution was called Codex Colbertinus 2844. It is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on parchment, dated palaeographically to the 9th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It has marginalia. According to the textual critics it is one of the best minuscule manuscripts of the New Testament.

Papyrus 11
Papyrus 11 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), signed by 𝔓11, is a copy of a part of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the First Epistle to the Corinthians. It contains fragments 1 Corinthians 1:17–22; 2:9–12.14; 3:1–3,3:5–6; 4:3; 5:5–5.7–8; 6:5–9.11–18; 7:3–6.10–11.12–14. Only some portions of the codex can be read.

The manuscript palaeographically had been assigned to the 7th century.

The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type. Aland placed it in Category II.

In 1 Corinthians 7:5 it reads τη προσευχη (prayer) – along with 𝔓46, א*, A, B, C, D, F, G, P, Ψ, 6, 33, 81, 104, 181, 629, 630, 1739, 1877, 1881, 1962, it vg, cop, arm, eth; other manuscripts have reading τη νηστεια και τη προσευχη (fasting and prayer) or τη προσευχη και νηστεια (prayer and fasting).

The manuscript was discovered by Tischendorf in 1862.

It is currently housed at the Russian National Library (Gr. 258A) in Saint-Petersburg.
PM M1910
The Pulyemyot Maksima M1910 (Russian: Пулемёт Максима образца 1910 года, romanized: Pulemyot Maksima obraztsa 1910 goda, lit. 'Maxim machine gun model 1910'), or PM M1910, is a heavy machine gun based on the Maxim gun, that was used by the Imperial Russian Army, Navy and Air Service during World War I, then by the Red, White and Green armies during the Russian Civil War, and later by the Soviet Armed Forces during World War II. Later the gun saw service in the Korean War, the Vietnam War and the Russo-Ukrainian war.

PPSh-41
The PPSh-41 (Russian: Пистоле́т-пулемёт Шпа́гина-41, romanized: Pistolét-pulemyót Shpágina-41, lit. 'Shpagin's machine-pistol-41') is a selective-fire, open-bolt, blowback submachine gun that fires the 7.62×25mm Tokarev round. It was designed by Georgy Shpagin of the Soviet Union to be a cheaper and simplified alternative to the PPD-40.

The PPSh-41 saw extensive combat during World War II and the Korean War. It became one of the major infantry weapons of the Red Army during World War II, with about six million PPSh-41s manufactured during the period.

The firearm is made largely of stamped steel, and can be loaded with either a box or drum magazine.
Salami
Salami (/səˈlɑːmi/ sə-LAH-mee; sg.: salame) is a salume consisting of fermented and air-dried meat, typically pork. Historically, salami was popular among Southern, Eastern, and Central European peasants because it could be stored at room temperature for a period of time once cut, supplementing a potentially meager or inconsistent supply of fresh meat. Countries and regions across Europe make their own traditional varieties of salami.

Small-sized salami are also referred to as salametti or salamini.

Bologna sausage
Bologna sausage, informally baloney (/bəˈloʊni/ bə-LOH-nee), is an American cooked sausage which is an imitation of genuine Italian mortadella Bologna PGI, a variety of mortadella, a large salume. Its seasonings, which include black pepper, nutmeg, allspice, celery seed, coriander, and myrtle berries, give it its flavor.

Similar imitations of mortadella Bologna include parizer (Parisian sausage) in Hungary, Romania, and the countries of the former Yugoslavia;  polony in Zimbabwe, Zambia, South Africa and Western Australia; devon in most states of Australia; and fritz in South Australia.

In North America, a simple and popular use is in the bologna sandwich. In the Southern United States, a bologna cake exists which is bologna slices layered with seasoned cream cheese to make the appearance of a cake.
Clemson, South Carolina
Clemson (/ˈklɛmpsən, ˈklɛmzən/[note a]) is a city in Pickens and Anderson counties in the U.S. state of South Carolina. Clemson is adjacent to Clemson University, and is identified with it. In 2015, the Princeton Review cited the town of Clemson as ranking #1 in the United States for "town-and-gown" relations with its resident university. The population of the city was 17,681 at the 2020 census.

Clemson is part of the Greenville-Anderson-Greer, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC Combined Statistical Area.

Dabo Swinney
William Christopher "Dabo" Swinney (/ˈdæboʊ ˈswiːniː/; born November 20, 1969) is an American college football coach, currently serving as the head football coach at Clemson University. Swinney took over as head coach of the Clemson Tigers seven games into the 2008 season, following the resignation of Tommy Bowden. Swinney's team won national championships in 2016 and 2018. His 2018 Clemson Tigers have often been considered one of the greatest college football teams of all time. He is the winningest head coach in Clemson football history and Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) football history.