hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vitebsk region
Vitebsk region, also known as Vitebsk oblast or Vitsyebsk voblasts, is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Vitebsk. It is located in the north of the country, and borders Russia.

As of 2019, it had a population of 1,135,731, the lowest population density in Belarus at 30.6 p/km².

Key cities in the region include Vitebsk, Orsha, Polotsk, and Novopolotsk.

Pskov Oblast
Pskov Oblast (Russian: Пско́вская о́бласть, romanized: Pskovskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in the west of the country. Its administrative center is the city of Pskov. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 599,084.
Svaneti
Svaneti (Svan: შუ̂ან, ლემშუ̂ანიერა; shwan, lemshwaniera, and Suania in ancient sources; Georgian: სვანეთი [ˈs̪ʷän̪e̞t̪ʰi] Svaneti) is a province in the northwestern part of Georgia. Running along the Greater Caucasus range, Svaneti is one of the most mountainous regions of Georgia. It is largely inhabited by the Svans, an ethnic subgroup of Georgians.

Kakheti
Kakheti (/kəˈxɛti/; Georgian: კახეთი K’akheti [kʼaχetʰi]) is a region of Georgia. Telavi is its administrative center. The region comprises eight administrative districts: Telavi, Gurjaani, Qvareli, Sagarejo, Dedoplistsqaro, Signagi, Lagodekhi and Akhmeta.

Kakhetians speak the Kakhetian dialect of Georgian. Kakheti is one of the most significant wine producing regions of Georgia, home to a number of Georgian wines. The region is bordered to the west by the Georgian regions of Mtskheta-Mtianeti and Kvemo Kartli, to the north and east by the Russian Federation, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. Popular tourist attractions in Kakheti include Tusheti, Gremi, Signagi, Kvetera, Bodbe, Lagodekhi Protected Areas and Alaverdi Monastery.

The Georgian David Gareji monastery complex is partially located in this province and is subject to a border dispute between Georgian and Azerbaijani authorities.
Infantry
Infantry, or infantryman are a type of soldier who specialize in ground combat, typically fighting dismounted. Historically the term was used to describe foot soldiers, i.e. those who march and fight on foot. In modern usage, the term broadly encompasses a wide variety of subspecialties, including light infantry, irregular infantry, heavy infantry, mountain infantry, motorized infantry, mechanized infantry, airborne infantry, air assault infantry, and naval infantry. Other subtypes of infantry, such as line infantry and mounted infantry, were once commonplace but fell out of favor in the 19th century with the invention of more accurate and powerful weapons.

Sapper
A sapper, also called a combat engineer, is a combatant or soldier who performs a variety of military engineering duties, such as breaching fortifications, demolitions, bridge-building, laying or clearing minefields, preparing field defenses, and road and airfield construction and repair.

Sappers are also trained and equipped to serve secondarily as provisional infantry.

Sappers facilitate and support the movement, defence, and survival of superordinate and allied forces, and impede those of enemies.

The term "sapper" is used in the British Army and Commonwealth nations, the U.S. military, and the militaries of other countries.
Horace Walpole
Horatio Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford (/ˈwɔːlpoʊl/; 24 September 1717 – 2 March 1797), better known as Horace Walpole, was an English Whig politician, writer, historian and antiquarian.

He had Strawberry Hill House built in Twickenham, southwest London, reviving the Gothic style some decades before his Victorian successors. His literary reputation rests on the first Gothic novel, The Castle of Otranto (1764), and his Letters, which are of significant social and political interest. They have been published by Yale University Press in 48 volumes. In 2017, a volume of Walpole's selected letters was published.

The youngest son of the first British prime minister, Sir Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford, he became the 4th and last Earl of Orford of the second creation on his nephew's death in 1791.

John Hervey, 2nd Baron Hervey
John Hervey, 2nd Baron Hervey, PC (13 October 1696 – 5 August 1743) was an English courtier and political writer. Heir to the Earl of Bristol, he obtained the key patronage of Walpole, and was involved in many court intrigues and literary quarrels, being apparently caricatured by Pope and Fielding. His memoirs of the early reign of George II were too revealing to be published in his time and did not appear for more than a century.
National Institute of Standards and Technology
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is an agency of the United States Department of Commerce whose mission is to promote American innovation and industrial competitiveness. NIST's activities are organized into physical science laboratory programs that include nanoscale science and technology, engineering, information technology, neutron research, material measurement, and physical measurement.  From 1901 to 1988, the agency was named the National Bureau of Standards.

The NIST Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2021.

Proximity fuze
A proximity fuze (also VT fuze or "variable time fuze") is a fuze that detonates an explosive device automatically when it approaches within a certain distance of its target. Proximity fuzes are designed for elusive military targets such as aircraft and missiles, as well as ships at sea and ground forces. This sophisticated trigger mechanism may increase lethality by 5 to 10 times compared to the common contact fuze or timed fuze.
Constitutionality
Constitutionality is the quality of being acceptable under a supreme law with regard to the status of a norm, a procedure, or an act's accordance with the constitution set forth by an applicable jurisdiction. Laws, procedures, or acts that directly violate the constitution are considered unconstitutional. All others are considered constitutional unless deemed otherwise by a legitimate authority and through a legitimate mechanism.

Judicial review
Judicial review is a process under which a government's executive, legislative, or administrative actions are subject to review by the judiciary.: 79  In a judicial review, a court may invalidate laws, acts, or governmental actions that are incompatible with a higher authority. For example, an executive decision may be invalidated for being unlawful, or a statute may be invalidated for violating the terms of a constitution. Judicial review is one of the checks and balances in the separation of powers—the power of the judiciary to supervise (judicial supervision) the legislative and executive branches when the latter exceed their authority.

The doctrine varies between jurisdictions, so the procedure and scope of judicial review may differ between and within countries. The judiciary in United States has been described as having unusually strong powers of judicial review from a comparative perspective.
36 Capricorni
36 Capricorni is a single, yellow-hued star in the southern constellation of Capricornus. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +4.50. The distance to this star, as determined from an annual parallax shift of 19.06±0.29 mas, is around 171 light years. It is currently moving closer with a heliocentric radial velocity of −21 km/s, and will come within 145 ly (44.58 pc) in about 685,000 years ago.

This is an evolved G-type giant star with a stellar classification of G7IIIb Fe–1, where the suffix notation indicates an underabundance of iron found in the spectrum. At the age of 770 million years it has become a red clump giant, meaning it is generating energy through helium fusion at its core. It has 2.26 times the mass of the Sun, but has expanded to 8.6 times its radius. It is radiating 43 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,047 K.

Chi Capricorni
Chi Capricorni is a star in the southern constellation of Capricornus. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latiized from χ Capricorni, and abbreviated Chi Cap or χ Cap. This star is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +5.28. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 18.14 mas as seen from the Earth, the star is located about 195 light-years (60 pc) from the Sun. The star is drifting closer to the Sun with a line of sight velocity of –9 km/s.
Chinstrap penguin
The chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarcticus) is a penguin species that inhabits various islands and shores in the Southern Pacific and the Antarctic Oceans. Its name stems from the narrow black band under its head, which makes it appear as if it were wearing a black helmet. Due to its loud, harsh call, other common names include ringed penguin, bearded penguin, and stonecracker penguin.

Wilson's storm petrel
Wilson's storm petrel (Oceanites oceanicus), also known as Wilson's petrel, is a small seabird of the austral storm petrel family Oceanitidae. It is one of the most abundant bird species in the world and has a circumpolar distribution mainly in the seas of the southern hemisphere but extending northwards during the summer of the northern hemisphere. The world population was estimated in 2022 as stable at 8 to 20 million birds. In 2010 it had been estimated at 12–30 million. A 1998 book had estimated more than 50 million pairs. The name commemorates the Scottish-American ornithologist Alexander Wilson. The genus name Oceanites refers to the mythical Oceanids, the three thousand daughters of Tethys. The species name is from Latin oceanus, "ocean".
Alexei Mozhaev
Alexei Vasilievich Mozhaev (Russian: Алексе́й Васи́льевич Можа́ев, Alexej Vasiljevič Možajev; 5 October 1918 – 23 January 1994) was a Soviet Russian painter, graphic artist, and art teacher, lived and worked in Leningrad, a member of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists (before 1992 known as the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation), regarded as a representative of the Leningrad school of painting, most famous for his portrait painting.

Yuri Neprintsev
Yuri Mikhailovich Neprintsev (Russian: Ю́рий Миха́йлович Непри́нцев; August 15, 1909 – October 20, 1996) was a Soviet and Russian painter, graphic artist, art teacher, professor of the Repin Institute of Arts, and a member of the Academy of Arts of the USSR. He is regarded by art historian Sergei V. Ivanov as one of the brightest representatives of the Leningrad School of Painting, most famous for his genre and battle paintings.
Humpback dolphin
Humpback dolphins are members of the genus Sousa. These dolphins are characterized by the conspicuous humps and elongated dorsal fins found on the backs of adults of the species. Humpback dolphins inhabit shallow nearshore waters along coastlines across Australia, Africa, and Asia. Their preference for these habitats exposes them to various human activities such as fisheries entanglement, boat traffic, pollution, and habitat loss. Despite these risks, their nearshore presence facilitates easy observation from land.

There are four recognized species: the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis), Indian Ocean humpback dolphin (S. plumbea), Atlantic humpback dolphin (S. teuszii), and Australian humpback dolphin (S. sahulensis).

Although generally shy and less active compared to bottlenose dolphins, they are occasionally featured in dolphin watching tours, particularly in locations like Hong Kong and the Musandam Peninsula of Oman.

Melon-headed whale
The melon-headed whale (Peponocephala electra), also known less commonly as the electra dolphin, little killer whale, or many-toothed blackfish, is a toothed whale of the oceanic dolphin family (Delphinidae). The common name is derived from the head shape. Melon-headed whales are widely distributed throughout deep tropical and subtropical waters worldwide, but they are rarely encountered at sea. They are found near shore mostly around oceanic islands, such as Hawaii, French Polynesia, and the Philippines.
Kool Moe Dee
Mohandas Dewese (born August 8, 1962), better known by his stage name Kool Moe Dee, is an American rapper, songwriter, actor and college graduate from SUNY Old Westbury with a BA in Communications. He is a Grammy-winning artist and two-time nominee.  Considered one of the forerunners of the New Jack Swing sound in hip hop, he gained fame in the 1980s as a member of one of the pioneering groups in hip hop music, the Treacherous Three, and for his later solo career. During his career he released a total of seven studio albums (five of them solo), with 1994's Interlude being the last to date.

His fast and aggressive rap style influenced following rap figures such as Big Daddy Kane, Beastie Boys, KRS-One, Rakim, Will Smith, N.W.A, Tupac Shakur, Nas, Jay-Z, among others. Among his most famous songs are "Go See the Doctor", "Wild Wild West" and "How Ya Like Me Now".

Kool Moe Dee was ranked No. 33 on About.com's list of the 50 Greatest MCs of Our Time (1987–2007).

Doug E. Fresh
Douglas Davis (born September 17, 1966), known professionally as Doug E. Fresh, is a Barbadian-born American rapper, record producer, and beatboxer, also known as the "Human Beat Box". The pioneer of 20th-century American beatboxing, Fresh is able to accurately imitate drum machines and various special effects using only his mouth, lips, gums, throat, tongue and a microphone.

In the early 1980s he formed the Lover Boy Crew with DJs Chill Will and Barry B and later added rapper Slick Rick.  Two of their songs "The Show" and "La Di Da Di" are considered early hip hop classics.  "La Di Da Di", in particular, is one of the most sampled songs in music history.
Akitoshi Saito
Akitoshi Saito (斎藤 彰俊, Saitō Akitoshi; born August 8, 1965) is a Japanese retired professional wrestler primarily known for his tenures with Pro Wrestling Noah (Noah) where he is a former five-time GHC Tag Team Champion and a former two-time Global Tag League winner in 2008 and 2011. Saito is also known for a seven-year stint with New Japan Pro Wrestling (NJPW).

Eita (wrestler)
Eita Kobayashi (小林 瑛太, Kobayashi Eita; born October 27, 1991), known mononymously as Eita, is a Japanese professional wrestler currently signed to Pro Wrestling NOAH. The majority of his career was spent in DragonGate, where he was best known as the former leader of the villainous Real Extreme Diffusion (R・E・D) stable, in which he led the stable for nearly its entire run. As part of his current persona as a narcissist, he is known as Numero Uno (number one in Spanish).

In Dragon Gate, he has been a one-time Open the Dream Gate Champion, a two-time Open the Brave Gate Champion, five-time Open the Twin Gate Champion, two-time Open the Triangle Gate Champion, as well as the 2020 King of Gate winner. Outside of Dragon Gate, Kobayashi has worked matches for their United States–based sister company Dragon Gate USA, and as part of his wrestling training, for Mexican promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG).
Rudy Fernández (basketball)
Rodolfo "Rudy" Fernández Farrés (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈruði feɾˈnandeθ]; born 4 April 1985) is a Spanish former professional basketball player who spent the majority of his career for Real Madrid of the Spanish Liga ACB and the EuroLeague. He is a 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) tall swingman. He is a three-time All-EuroLeague Team selection and won the EuroLeague title in 2015, 2018 and 2023. During his stint in the National Basketball Association (NBA), he was an NBA All-Rookie Second Team member.

Fernández represented the senior Spanish national team internationally, and became the most capped player ever for Spain, with 266 matches. He has won two FIBA World Cup titles, in 2006 and 2019, two Olympic silver medals in 2008 and 2012, as well as a bronze medal at the 2016 Summer Olympics. He also won four EuroBasket titles in 2009, 2011, 2015 and 2022, a silver medal in 2007, and a bronze medal in 2013. Fernández earned an All-EuroBasket Team selection in 2009.

José Calderón (basketball)
José Manuel Calderón Borrallo (Spanish pronunciation: [xoˈse kaldeˈɾon]; born September 28, 1981) is a Spanish basketball executive and former player who is a special advisor for the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played professionally for 21 years including 14 seasons in the NBA, primarily with the Toronto Raptors
with whom he set an NBA record for the highest free throw percentage in a season (98.1% in 2008-09). With the Spain national team, he won a FIBA World Cup title in 2006, two Olympic silver medals in 2008 and 2012, as well as a bronze medal at the 2016 Summer Olympics. He also won a EuroBasket title in 2011, two silver medals in 2003 and 2007 as well as a bronze in 2013. Calderón earned an All-EuroBasket Team selection in 2007.
2nd Belorussian Front
The 2nd Belorussian Front (Russian: Второй Белорусский фронт, Vtoroi Belorusskiy Front, also romanized "Byelorussian"), was a major formation of the Soviet Army during World War II, being equivalent to a Western army group.

It was created in February 1944 as the Soviets were pushing the Germans back towards Byelorussia. General Colonel Pavel Kurochkin was its first commander. On hiatus in April 1944, its headquarters were reformed from the army headquarters of the disbanding 10th Army. They took part in the capture of Berlin, the capital of Nazi Germany.

Northwestern Front
The Northwestern Front (Russian: Северо-Западный фронт) was a military formation of the Red Army during the Winter War and World War II. It was operational with the 7th and 13th Armies during the Winter War. It was re-created on 22 June 1941, the first day of the Eastern Front on the basis of the Baltic Special Military District. On 22 June the Front consisted of the 8th, 11th, and 27th Armies, as well as the 5th Airborne Corps and the headquarters of the 65th Rifle Corps.
César Baldaccini
César (born Cesare Baldaccini; 1 January 1921 – 6 December 1998), also occasionally referred to as César Baldaccini ([sezaʁ baldatʃini]), was a French sculptor.

César was at the forefront of the Nouveau réalisme movement with his radical compressions (compacted automobiles, discarded metal, or rubbish), expansions (polyurethane foam sculptures), and fantastic representations of animals and insects.

Pierre Restany
Pierre Restany (22 June 1930 – 29 May 2003) was an internationally known French art critic and cultural philosopher.

Restany was born in Amélie-les-Bains-Palalda, Pyrénées-Orientales, and spent his childhood in Casablanca. On returning to France in 1949 he attended the Lycée Henri-IV before studying at universities in France, Italy and Ireland. From their first meeting in 1955, Restany maintained a strong tie with Yves Klein (to whom is attributed Klein-blue).
Kiruna
Kiruna (Swedish: [ˈkǐːrʉna]; Northern Sami: Giron [ˈkiron]; Finnish: Kiiruna [ˈkiːrunɑ]; Meänkieli: Kieruna) is the northernmost city in Sweden, situated in the province of Lapland. It had 17,002 inhabitants in 2016 and is the seat of Kiruna Municipality (population: 23,167 in 2016) in Norrbotten County. The city was originally built in the 1890s to serve the Kiruna Mine.

The Esrange Space Center was established in Kiruna in the 1960s. Also in Kiruna are the Institute of Space Physics and Luleå University of Technology's Department of Space Science.

Sundsvall
Sundsvall (Swedish: [ˈsɵ̂nː(d)sval] ⓘ), or Sundsvall och Timrå is a city and the seat of Sundsvall Municipality in Västernorrland County, Sweden. As of 2023, the city has a population of 70,918; nearly 100,000 live in the municipal area. It is Sweden's 17th largest city by population. The city is widely known for its stone buildings in the city centre, known as "Stenstaden".
Jonny Howson
Jonathan Mark Howson (born 21 May 1988) is an English professional football coach and player who plays as a defensive midfielder. He is currently the manager-player for Leeds United's Under-21 team.

During his professional playing career, he played for three clubs: Leeds United, Norwich City, and Middlesbrough. He formerly captained and represented the England U21s. He is currently in a "player-coach role" in the Leeds United Academy.

Max Gradel
Max-Alain Gradel (born 30 November 1987) is an Ivorian professional footballer who plays as a winger.

Gradel received his first call-up to the Ivory Coast national team in November 2010. He made his debut for the national side on 5 June 2011. On 30 April 2011, Gradel won both the Fans Player of the Year and Players' Player of the Year awards at Leeds. In June 2018, he joined French club Toulouse.
Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
The Duchy of Parma and Piacenza (Italian: Ducato di Parma e Piacenza, Latin: Ducatus Parmae et Placentiae) was an Italian state created in 1545 and located in northern Italy, in the current region of Emilia-Romagna.

Originally a realm of the Farnese family after Pope Paul III made it a hereditary duchy for his son, Pier Luigi Farnese, it was ruled by the dynasty until 1731, when the last duke, Antonio Farnese, died without direct heirs. After a decade of Habsburg rule, the duchy passed to the House of Bourbon-Parma.

It was invaded by Napoleon and annexed by France, having its sovereignty restored in 1814 after Napoleon's defeat. Napoleon's wife, Marie Louise (Maria Luigia), then ruled as its duchess until her death. Parma was restored to Bourbon rule in 1847, and in 1859, the duchy was formally abolished as it was integrated into the new Italian state.

Louis I of Etruria
Louis I (Italian: Ludovico I; 5 July 1773 – 27 May 1803) was the first of the two kings of Etruria. Louis was the son of Ferdinand, Duke of Parma, and Maria Amalia of Austria. He was born in 1773, when his great-grandfather, King Louis XV of France, was still alive.
Rockville, Maryland
Rockville is a city in and the county seat of Montgomery County, Maryland, United States, and is part of the Washington metropolitan area. The 2020 census tabulated Rockville's population at 67,117, making it the fourth-largest incorporated city in Maryland.

Rockville, along with neighboring Gaithersburg and Bethesda, is at the core of the Interstate 270 Technology Corridor which is home to numerous software and biotechnology companies as well as several federal government institutions. The city, one of the major retail hubs in Montgomery County, has several upscale regional shopping centers.

Silver Spring, Maryland
Silver Spring is a census-designated place (CDP) in southeastern Montgomery County, Maryland, United States, near Washington, D.C. Although officially unincorporated, it is an edge city with a population of 81,015 at the 2020 census, making it the fifth-most-populous place in Maryland after Baltimore, Columbia, Germantown, and Waldorf.

Downtown Silver Spring, located next to the northern tip of Washington, D.C., is the oldest and most urbanized area of Silver Spring, surrounded by several inner suburban residential neighborhoods inside the Capital Beltway. Many mixed-use developments combining retail, residential, and office space have been built since 2004.

Silver Spring takes its name from a mica-flecked spring discovered there in 1840 by Francis Preston Blair, who subsequently bought much of the area's surrounding land. Acorn Park, south of downtown, is believed to be the site of the original spring.
Gerard Granollers
Gerard Granollers Pujol (Catalan pronunciation: [ʒəˈɾaɾ ɣɾənuˈʎes puˈʒɔl]; Spanish: [ɟʝeˈɾaɾ ɣɾanoˈʎeɾs puˈʝol]; born 30 January 1989 in Barcelona) is a former professional tennis player from Spain. He has won 12 ATP Challenger tournament titles, all of them in doubles.
His brother Marcel is also a tennis player, and they have won five Challenger doubles titles together.

Jordi Samper Montaña
Jordi Samper Montaña (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈɟʝoɾði samˈpeɾ monˈtaɲa]; born 23 April 1990) is a Spanish tennis player playing on the ATP Challenger Tour. On 22 August 2016, he reached his highest ATP singles ranking of No. 179 and his highest doubles ranking of No. 227 achieved on 23 September 2013.

His only qualification for a Grand Slam tournament was at the French Open in 2016, where he lost in straight sets to French wild card Mathias Bourgue in the first round.

His younger brother, Sergi, is a professional footballer who played for FC Barcelona.