hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cystidium
A cystidium (pl.: cystidia) is a relatively large cell found on the sporocarp of a basidiomycete (for example, on the surface of a mushroom gill), often between clusters of basidia. Since cystidia have highly varied and distinct shapes that are often unique to a particular species or genus, they are a useful micromorphological characteristic in the identification of basidiomycetes. In general, the adaptive significance of cystidia is not well understood.

Sterigma
In biology, a sterigma (pl.: sterigmata) is a small supporting structure.

It commonly refers to an extension of the basidium (the spore-bearing cells) consisting of a basal filamentous part and a slender projection which carries a spore at the tip. The sterigmata are formed on the basidium as it develops and undergoes meiosis, to result in the production of (typically) four nuclei. The nuclei gradually migrate to the tips of the basidium, and one nucleus will migrate into each spore that develops at the tip of each sterigma.

In less common usage, a sterigma is a structure within the posterior end of the genitalia of female Lepidoptera.

It also refers to the stem-like structure, also called a "woody peg" at the base of the leaves of some, but not all conifers, specifically Picea and Tsuga.
Vivienne Westwood
Dame Vivienne Isabel Westwood (née Swire; 8 April 1941 – 29 December 2022) was an English fashion designer and businesswoman, largely responsible for bringing modern punk and new wave fashions into the mainstream. In 2022, Sky Arts ranked her the 4th most influential artist in Britain of the past 50 years.

Westwood came to public notice when she made clothes for the boutique that she and Malcolm McLaren ran on King's Road, which became known as Sex. Their ability to synchronise clothing and music shaped the 1970s UK punk scene, which included McLaren's band, the Sex Pistols. She viewed punk as a way of "seeing if one could put a spoke in the system".

Westwood opened four shops in London and eventually expanded throughout Britain and the world, selling a varied range of merchandise, some of which promoted her political causes such as the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, climate change and civil rights groups.

Carolina Herrera
Carolina Herrera (born María Carolina Josefina Pacanins y Niño, 8 January 1939) is a Venezuelan American fashion designer. Known for her personal style, she founded her namesake brand in 1980. Herrera has designed for various First Ladies of the United States, including Jacqueline Onassis, Laura Bush, Michelle Obama, and Melania Trump.
Owney Madden
Owen Vincent "Owney" Madden (December 18, 1891 – April 24, 1965) was an English-American gangster who was a leading underworld figure in New York during Prohibition. Nicknamed "The Killer", he garnered a brutal reputation within street gangs and organized crime. He ran the Cotton Club in Manhattan and was a leading boxing promoter. After increased attention from law enforcement in New York, Madden moved to Hot Springs, Arkansas, in 1935, where he remained until his death from natural causes in 1965.

Bill Dwyer (mobster)
William Vincent Dwyer (February 23, 1881 – December 10, 1946), known as "Big Bill" Dwyer, was an early Irish-American Prohibition gangster and bootlegger in New York during the 1920s. He used his profits to purchase sports properties, including the New York Americans and Pittsburgh Pirates of the National Hockey League (NHL), as well as the Brooklyn Dodgers of the National Football League (NFL).
Nearco
Nearco (January 24, 1935 – June 27, 1957) was an Italian-bred Thoroughbred racehorse described by Thoroughbred Heritage as "one of the greatest racehorses of the Twentieth Century" and "one of the most important sires of the century." He was unbeaten, winning 14 races at distances from 1000m (5 furlongs) to 3000m (1 mile 7 furlongs), including the Derby Italiano and Grand Prix de Paris. He was then sold for a record amount to Martin H. Benson and stood stud in England, where he became the patriarch of several of the most dominant sire lines in Thoroughbred history.

Hail To Reason
Hail to Reason (April 18, 1958 – February 24, 1976) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse and an influential sire. In a racing career cut short by injury, he was named the American Champion Two-Year-Old Colt of 1960 after winning seven stakes races including the Hopeful Stakes. He later became a leading sire whose offspring included 1972 Epsom Derby winner Roberto and leading sire Halo, who in turn sired 1989 Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes winner Sunday Silence.
Movie ranch
A movie ranch is a ranch that is at least partially dedicated for use as a set in the creation and production of motion pictures and television shows. These were developed in the United States in southern California, because of the climate.

Movie ranches were developed in the 1920s for location shooting in Southern California to support the making of popular Western films. Finding it difficult to recreate the topography of the Old West on sound stages and studio backlots, the Hollywood studios went to the rustic valleys, canyons and foothills of Southern California for filming locations. Other large-scale productions, such as war films, also needed large, undeveloped settings for outdoor scenes, such as battles.

Simi Valley, California
Simi Valley (/ˈsiːmiː/ ⓘ; Chumash: Shimiyi) is a city in the valley of the same name in southeastern Ventura County, California, United States. It is 37 miles (60 km) northwest of Downtown Los Angeles, making it part of the Greater Los Angeles Area. Simi Valley borders Thousand Oaks, Moorpark, and the Chatsworth neighborhood of Los Angeles. As of the 2020 census, Simi Valley had a population of 126,356. The city of Simi Valley is surrounded by the Santa Susana Mountains and the Simi Hills, west of the San Fernando Valley, and northeast of the Conejo Valley. It grew as a bedroom community for the cities in the Los Angeles area and the San Fernando Valley when a freeway was built over the Santa Susana Pass.

The Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, where the former president was buried in 2004, is in Simi Valley.
Tanis
Tanis (/ˈteɪnɪs/ TAY-niss; Ancient Greek: Τάνις [tánis]; Latin: Tanis ['tanɪs]) or San al-Hagar (Arabic: صان الحجر, romanized: Ṣān al-Ḥaǧar; Ancient Egyptian: ḏꜥn.t [ˈcʼuʕnat]; Akkadian: 𒍝𒀪𒉡, romanized: Ṣaʾnu; Coptic: ϫⲁⲛⲓ or ϫⲁⲁⲛⲉ or ϫⲁⲛⲏ; Biblical Hebrew: צֹעַן‎, romanized: Ṣōʿan) is the Greek name for ancient Egyptian ḏꜥn.t, an important archaeological site in the northeastern Nile Delta of Egypt, and the location of a city of the same name. Tanis was the capital of the Egyptian Kingdom in its 21st and 22nd Dynasties. It is located on the Tanitic branch of the Nile, which has long since silted up.

High Priest of Amun
The High Priest of Amun or First Prophet of Amun (ḥm nṯr tpj n jmn) was the highest-ranking priest in the priesthood of the ancient Egyptian god Amun. The first high priests of Amun appear in the New Kingdom of Egypt, at the beginning of the Eighteenth Dynasty.
Australian Champion Racehorse of the Year
The Australian Champion Racehorse of the Year is awarded to the Thoroughbred horse who is voted to be the champion horse within an Australian racing season.  This award is open to all racehorses racing within Australia, regardless of age and sex, and includes overseas performances.

This award originally started as the VRC Award and was renamed Australia's Champion Racehorse in 1982. A separate award was voted on between 1976/77 and 1993/4 by the Australian Racing Writers' Association with the only variations being Gurner's Lane (1982/3) and Bonecrusher (1986/7). The voting bodies combined from 1993/4.

Winx has won the award four times. Black Caviar and Sunline won it three times.

* Two awards made in 1982-83 & 1986-87 with ARWA selecting different winner

Australian Champion Filly or Mare
The Australian Champion Filly or Mare is awarded to the Thoroughbred filly or mare who is voted to be the superior female racehorse within an Australian racing season.

This award began as Australian Champion Mare; however, it was expanded to include fillies from the 1998 - 1999 season.
Rhenish Railway Company
The Rhenish Railway Company (German: Rheinische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft, RhE)  was along with the Cologne-Minden Railway Company (CME) and the Bergisch-Märkische Railway Company (BME) one of the railway companies that in the mid-19th century built the first railways in the Ruhr and large parts of today's North Rhine-Westphalia.

Düsseldorf-Derendorf–Dortmund Süd railway
The Düsseldorf-Derendorf–Dortmund Süd railway is a partially closed line in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia from Düsseldorf-Derendorf station (formerly Düsseldorf RhE station) to Dortmund South station (formerly Dortmund RhE station). Parts of it are still busy, including two sections used for the Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn.

Regionally, it is also called the Wuppertaler Nordbahn (Wuppertal Northern Railway), Düsseltalbahn (Düssel Valley railway) or simply the Rheinische Strecke (Rhenish line).
Motorsport
Motorsport (also called motorsports or powersports) are sporting events, competitions and related activities that primarily involve the use of automobiles, motorcycles, motorboats and powered aircraft. For each of these vehicle types, the more specific terms automobile sport, motorcycle sport, power boating and air sports may be used commonly, or officially by organisers and governing bodies.

Different manifestations of motorsport with their own objectives and specific rules are called disciplines. Examples include circuit racing, rallying and trials. Governing bodies, also called sanctioning bodies, often have general rules for each discipline, but allow supplementary rules to define the character of a particular competition, series or championship. Groups of these are often categorised informally, such as by vehicle type, surface type or propulsion method. Examples of categories within a discipline are formula racing, stock car racing, touring car racing, sports car racing, etc.

2020 Season Finale 500
The 2020 Season Finale 500 was a NASCAR Cup Series race held on November 8, 2020 at Phoenix Raceway in Avondale, Arizona. Contested over 312 laps on the one mile (1.6 km) oval, it was the 36th and final race of the 2020 NASCAR Cup Series season. Chase Elliott won the race, claiming his first Cup Series championship.

The Season Finale 500 was the final full-time start for seven-time champion Jimmie Johnson, and for 2012 Cup runner-up Clint Bowyer, and 2003 Winston Cup champion Matt Kenseth as full-time Cup Series drivers.
2000–01 Argentine Primera División
The 2000–01 Argentine Primera División was the 110th season of top-flight football in Argentina. The season ran from July 28, 2000 to July 11, 2001.

Boca Juniors won the Apertura (its 25th league title) and San Lorenzo the Clausura (13th title) championships, while Los Andes and Almagro were relegated after spending only one season in the highest division.

2003–04 Argentine Primera División
The 2003–04 Argentine Primera División was the 113th season of top-flight football in Argentina. The season ran from 3 August 2003 to 27 June 2004. Atlético de Rafaela (champion of 2002–03 Primera B Nacional) and Quilmes (which earned it after beating Argentinos Juniors in a two-legged series) were promoted from Primera B Nacional.

Boca Juniors won the Apertura (league title 26th.) and River Plate the Clausura (34th. title) championships, while four teams were relegated, Chacarita Juniors, Nueva Chicago (the last two teams in average table) plus Atlético de Rafaela and Talleres de Córdoba (which lost the promotion playoffs)
Lusitania
Lusitania (/ˌluː.sɪ.ˈteɪ.ni.ə/; Classical Latin: [luːsiːˈtaːnia]) was an ancient Roman province encompassing most of modern-day Portugal (south of the Douro River) and a large portion of western Spain (the present Extremadura and Province of Salamanca). Romans named the region after the Lusitanians, an Indo-European tribe inhabiting the lands.

The capital Emerita Augusta was initially part of the Roman Republic province of Hispania Ulterior before becoming a province of its own during the Roman Empire.

After Romans arrived in the territory during the 2nd century BC, a war with Lusitanian tribes ensued between 155 and 139 BC, with the Roman province eventually established in 27 BC.

In modern parlance, Lusitania is often synonymous with Portugal, despite the Roman province's capital being located in modern Mérida, Spain.

Roman province
The Roman provinces (Latin: provincia, pl. provinciae) were the administrative regions of Ancient Rome outside Roman Italy that were controlled by the Romans under the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire. Each province was ruled by a Roman appointed as governor.

For centuries, it was the largest administrative unit of the foreign possessions of ancient Rome. With the administrative reform initiated by Diocletian, it became a third level administrative subdivision of the Roman Empire, or rather a subdivision of the imperial dioceses (in turn subdivisions of the imperial prefectures).
Dunkirk
Dunkirk (UK: /dʌnˈkɜːrk/ dun-KURK; US: /ˈdʌnkɜːrk/ DUN-kurk; French: Dunkerque [dœ̃kɛʁk] ⓘ; Picard: Dunkèke; West Flemish: Duunkerke; Dutch: Duinkerke or Duinkerken) is a major port city in the department of Nord in northern France. It lies on the North Sea, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the Belgian border. It has the third-largest French harbour. The population of the commune in 2019 was 86,279.

DFDS Seaways
DFDS Seaways is a Danish shipping company that operates passenger and freight services across northern Europe. Following the acquisition of Norfolkline in 2010, DFDS restructured its other shipping divisions (DFDS Tor Line and DFDS Lisco) into the previously passenger-only operation of DFDS Seaways.
Interrupted screw
An interrupted screw or interrupted thread is a mechanical device typically used in the breech of artillery guns. It is believed to have been invented in 1845.

The system has also been used to close other devices, including the joint between helmet (bonnet) and breastplate (corselet) of standard diving suit helmets, and the locks of diving chambers. Interrupted thread mounting is also used for large instrumentation lenses for high-speed cameras such as the Photo-Sonics 10B.

Charles Ragon de Bange
Charles Ragon de Bange (17 October 1833 – 9 July 1914) was a French artillery officer and Polytechnician. He invented the first effective obturator system for breech-loading artillery, which remains in use. He also designed a system of field guns of various calibers which served the French Army well into World War I: the Système de Bange.
ISU Junior Grand Prix in Canada
The ISU Junior Grand Prix in Canada is an international figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU), organized and hosted by Skate Canada. It is held periodically as an event of the ISU Junior Grand Prix of Figure Skating (JGP), a series of international competitions exclusively for junior-level skaters. Medals may be awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Skaters earn points based on their results at the qualifying competitions each season, and the top skaters or teams in each discipline are invited to then compete at the Junior Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final.

2018–19 ISU Junior Grand Prix
The 2018–19 ISU Junior Grand Prix was a series of junior international competitions organized by the International Skating Union that were held from August 2018 through December 2018. It was the junior-level complement to the 2018–19 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Skaters earned points based on their placement at each event and the top six in each discipline qualified to compete at the 2018–19 Junior Grand Prix Final in Vancouver, Canada.
Pennsylvania Route 352
Pennsylvania Route 352 (PA 352) is a 19-mile (31 km) north–south route that runs from U.S. Route 13 Business (US 13 Bus.) in Chester, Delaware County, north to US 30 in Frazer, Chester County. The route passes through suburban areas of Delaware and Chester counties west of Philadelphia, serving Parkside, Brookhaven, Elwyn, Lima, Gradyville, and Goshenville. PA 352 is a four- to five-lane road between Brookhaven and US 1, otherwise it is generally a two-lane road. The route intersects Interstate 95 (I-95) in Chester and US 1 near Lima at interchanges. PA 352 was first designated by 1928 to run between its current termini. A portion of the route between Brookhaven and US 1 was realigned to a straighter alignment in the 1950s. By 1980, PA 352 was realigned to a short concurrency with PA 3 to avoid intersecting it at a sharp angle.

U.S. Route 202 in Pennsylvania
U.S. Route 202 (US 202) is a US Highway running from New Castle, Delaware, northeast to Bangor, Maine. In the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, the route runs for 59 miles (95 km), from the Delaware state line in Bethel Township, Delaware County, to the New Hope–Lambertville Toll Bridge over the Delaware River in Solebury Township, where the route crosses into New Jersey. The highway runs through the western and northern suburbs of the Philadelphia metropolitan area, and serves as a toll-free bypass around the city, avoiding the busy traffic and congestion on Interstate 95 (I-95). It is signed north–south and follows a general southwest–northeast direction through the state.
RFK Riga
The Riga Football Club (Rīgas futbola klubs or Rīgas Futbolklubs, RFK or Rīgas FK) was a Latvian football club which was founded on December 14, 1923 in Riga. It was the strongest and most popular Latvian football club in the 1920s and 1930s, and the base team for the Latvia national football team in its early years. It disbanded after World War II.

In the 1920s, the club also had a basketball section, which won the Latvian Basketball League in 1926 and 1927.

Riga Football Cup
Riga Football Cup (Latvian: Rīgas Kauss futbolā) was a knockout tournament held in Latvian football from 1910 to 1913 and then from 1925 to 1936. Clubs from cities other than Riga were allowed to participate in the tournament from 1925. In 1937 it was replaced by the Latvian Football Cup.

The tournament was the main football competition in Latvia until 1922, when it was succeeded by the Latvian Football Championship, which in turn was reorganized as the Latvian Higher League in 1927.
Minuscule 102
Minuscule 102 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), α 499 (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on paper leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 15th century. Formerly it was labelled by 99a and 114p.

Minuscule 665
Minuscule 665 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), α 354 (von Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. The manuscript is lacunose. Gregory labelled it by 222a and 277p. Scrivener labelled it by 213a and 251p.
Heracles
Heracles (/ˈhɛrəkliːz/ ⓘ Ancient Greek: Ἡρακλῆς, lit. 'glory/fame of Hera'), born Alcaeus (Ἀλκαῖος, Alkaios) or Alcides (Ἀλκείδης, Alkeidēs), was a divine hero in Greek mythology, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, and the foster son of Amphitryon. He was a descendant of Perseus, another son of Zeus.

He was the greatest of the Greek heroes, the ancestor of royal clans known as Heracleidae (Ἡρακλεῖδαι), and a champion of the Olympian order against chthonic monsters. In Rome and the modern West, he is known as Hercules, with whom the later Roman emperors, in particular Commodus and Maximian, often identified themselves. Details of his cult were adapted to Rome as well.

Europa (consort of Zeus)
In Greek mythology, Europa (/jʊəˈroʊpə, jə-/; Ancient Greek: Εὐρώπη, Eurṓpē, Attic Greek pronunciation: [eu̯.rɔ̌ː.pɛː]) was a Phoenician princess from Tyre and the mother of King Minos of Crete. The story of her abduction by Zeus in the form of a bull was a Cretan story.

An early reference to Europa is in a fragment of the Hesiodic Catalogue of Women, discovered at Oxyrhynchus. The earliest vase-painting securely identifiable as Europa dates from the mid-7th century BC.
Keston
Keston is a village in Greater London, England, located within the London Borough of Bromley. Until 1965 it was within the historic county of Kent. It is part suburban, part rural in nature and lies on the edge of Hayes Common, and just beyond London's urban sprawl to the south of Bromley Common. It includes the small hamlet of Nash to the southwest. The northern, more suburban part of Keston is sometimes referred to as Keston Mark.

Downe
Downe, formerly Down (/daʊn/), is a village in Greater London, England, located within the London Borough of Bromley, which formed part of the historical county of Kent until 1965, and is beyond London's urban sprawl. The naturalist Charles Darwin lived in Down House for forty years until his death in 1882.

Downe is 3.4 miles (5.5 km) south west of Orpington and 14.2 miles (22.9 km) south east of Charing Cross in London. Downe lies on a low ridge (an outlier of the North Downs), and much of the centre of the village retains its historic buildings; the former village school now acts as the village hall.

The word Downe originates from the Anglo Saxon word dūn, latterly down, hence the South and North Downs.

In April 1965, much of Orpington Urban District, including Downe, was transferred from the historic county of Kent and placed within the newly created London Borough of Bromley.
Sports video game
A sports video game is a video game that simulates the practice of sports. Most sports have been recreated with video games, including team sports, track and field, extreme sports, and combat sports. Some games emphasize playing the sport (such as EA Sports FC, eFootball, EA Sports F1, EA Sports WRC, NBA 2K and TopSpin 2K25), whilst others emphasize strategy and sport management (such as Football Manager and Out of the Park Baseball). Some, such as Need for Speed, Arch Rivals and Punch-Out!!, satirize the sport for comic effect. This genre has been popular throughout the history of video games and is competitive, just like real-world sports. A number of game series feature the names and characteristics of real teams and players, and are updated annually to reflect real-world changes. The sports genre is one of the oldest genres in gaming history.

2K (company)
2K is an American video game publisher based in Novato, California. The company was founded as a subsidiary of Take-Two Interactive in January 2005 through the 2K Games and 2K Sports sub-labels. The nascent label incorporated several development studios owned by Take-Two, including Visual Concepts and Kush Games, which had been acquired the day before. Originally based in New York City, 2K moved to Novato in 2007. A third label, 2K Play, was added in September 2007. 2K is governed by David Ismailer as president and Phil Dixon as chief operating officer. It operates a motion capture studio in Petaluma, California.
Harveian Oration
The Harveian Oration is a yearly lecture held at the Royal College of Physicians of London. It was instituted in 1656 by William Harvey, discoverer of the systemic circulation. Harvey made financial provision for the college to hold an annual feast on St. Luke's Day (18 October) at which an oration would be delivered in Latin to praise the college's benefactors and to exhort the Fellows and Members of this college to search and study out the secrets of nature by way of experiment. Until 1865, the Oration was given in Latin, as Harvey had specified, and known as the Oratio anniversaria; but it was thereafter spoken in English. Many of the lectures were published in book form.

Bradshaw Lecture
The Bradshaw Lectures are lectureships given at the invitation of the Royal College of Physicians and the Royal College of Surgeons of England. It is held on alternate years in rotation with the Hunterian Oration.