hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Friedrich Bopp
Friedrich Arnold "Fritz" Bopp (27 December 1909 – 14 November 1987) was a German theoretical physicist who contributed to nuclear physics and quantum field theory. He worked at the Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut für Physik and with the Uranverein. He was a professor at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and a President of the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. He signed the Göttingen Manifesto.

Otto Haxel
Otto Haxel (2 April 1909, in Neu-Ulm – 26 February 1998, in Heidelberg) was a German nuclear physicist. During World War II, he worked on the German nuclear energy project. After the war, he was on the staff of the Max Planck Institute for Physics in Göttingen. From 1950 to 1974, he was an ordinarius professor of physics at the University of Heidelberg, where he fostered the use of nuclear physics in environmental physics; this led to the founding of the Institute of Environmental Physics in 1975. During 1956 and 1957, he was a member of the Nuclear Physics Working Group of the German Atomic Energy Commission. From 1970 to 1975, he was the Scientific and Technical Managing Director of the Karlsruhe Research Center.

Haxel was a signatory of the Manifesto of the Göttingen Eighteen.
Solar eclipse of November 12, 1928
A partial solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Monday, November 12, 1928, with a magnitude of 0.8078. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Northeast Africa, Europe, West Asia, Central Asia, and South Asia.

Solar eclipse of August 30, 1924
A partial solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Saturday, August 30, 1924, with a magnitude of 0.4245. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Greenland, the Russian SFSR, and Northeast Asia.
Nobel Prize in Literature
The Nobel Prize in Literature, here meaning for Literature (Swedish: Nobelpriset i litteratur), is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually to an author from any country who has, in the words of Alfred Nobel, "in the field of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction". Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, the award is based on an author's body of work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize.

The academy announces the name of the laureate in early October. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895. Literature is traditionally the final award presented at the Nobel Prize ceremony. On some occasions, the award has been postponed to the following year, most recently in 2018.

Han Kang
Han Kang (Korean: 한강; born 27 November 1970) is a South Korean writer. From 2007 to 2018, she taught creative writing at the Seoul Institute of the Arts. Han rose to international prominence for her novel The Vegetarian, which became the first Korean language novel to win the International Booker Prize for fiction in 2016. Han is the first Asian woman and Korean to be a recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature, receiving the award in 2024 in recognition of her "intense poetic prose that confronts historical traumas and exposes the fragility of human life".
Stokely Hathaway
Stokely Hathaway (born November 12, 1990) is an American professional wrestling manager and professional wrestler. He is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where he performs mononymously as Stokely and is the on-screen manager for FTR (Cash Wheeler and Dax Harwood). He is best known for his tenures in Evolve and Ring of Honor. He also appeared for WWE on their NXT brand, as manager to the Diamond Mine, using the ring name Malcolm Bivens.

Lee Moriarty
Julian Lee Moriarty (born June 6, 1994) is an American professional wrestler and artist. He is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where he performs under the ring name Lee Moriarty (tweaked from his real name) and is a member of Shane Taylor Promotions. He also performs for its sister promotion Ring of Honor (ROH), where he is the reigning ROH Pure Champion in his first reign.
Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company
Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company was a Tasmanian mining company formed on 29 March 1893, most commonly referred to as Mount Lyell. Mount Lyell was the dominant copper mining company of the West Coast from 1893 to 1994, and was based in Queenstown, Tasmania.

Following consolidation of leases and company assets at the beginning of the twentieth century, Mount Lyell was the major company for the communities of Queenstown, Strahan and Gormanston.  It remained dominant until its closure in 1994.

The Mount Lyell mining operations produced more than a million tonnes of copper, 750 tonnes of silver and 45 tonnes of gold since mining commenced in the early 1890s – which is equivalent to over 4 billion dollars' worth of metal in 1995 terms.

Robert Carl Sticht
Robert Carl Sticht (8 October 1856 – 30 April 1922) was an American metallurgist and copper mine manager, active in Colorado and Montana, U.S.A. and in Tasmania, Australia. Sticht was the developer of the first successful purely pyritic smelting in the world. He was also an important book and art collector, a large part of whose collections were acquired by the Public Library of Victoria and the National Gallery of Victoria in the 1920s.
European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority
The European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) is a European Union financial regulatory agency. It was established in 2011 under Regulation (EU) No 1094/2010.

EIOPA is one of the three European Supervisory Authorities responsible for microprudential oversight at the European Union level within the European System of Financial Supervision, together with the European Banking Authority (EBA) and European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA).

Anti-Money Laundering Authority
The Anti-Money Laundering Authority (AMLA), formally known as the Authority for Anti-Money Laundering and Countering the Financing of Terrorism, is an agency of the European Union, established in 2024 in Frankfurt.

AMLA's establishment has been characterized as "much-needed" by major EU political forces, and it has been described as transformational by a wide range of observers. It is expected to strengthen the policy framework to ensure the integrity of the EU financial system, as the central component of the EU's anti–money laundering efforts.
A
A, or a, is the first letter and the first vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, and others worldwide. Its name in English is a (pronounced /ˈeɪ/ ⓘ AY), plural aes.

It is similar in shape to the Ancient Greek letter alpha, from which it derives. The uppercase version consists of the two slanting sides of a triangle, crossed in the middle by a horizontal bar. The lowercase version is often written in one of two forms: the double-storey |a| and single-storey |ɑ|. The latter form is commonly used in handwriting and fonts based on it, especially fonts intended to be read by children, and is also found in italic type.

U
U, or u, is the twenty-first letter and the fifth vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet and the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is u (pronounced /ˈjuː/ ⓘ), plural ues.
David Sanborn
David William Sanborn (July 30, 1945 – May 12, 2024) was an American alto saxophonist. He worked in many musical genres; his solo recordings typically blended jazz with instrumental pop and R&B. He began playing the saxophone at the age of 11 and released his first solo album, Taking Off, in 1975. He was active as a session musician and played on numerous albums by artists including Stevie Wonder, Bruce Springsteen, Aretha Franklin, Sting, the Eagles, Rickie Lee Jones, James Brown, George Benson, Carly Simon, Elton John, Bryan Ferry, Ween, and The Rolling Stones. Sanborn released more than 20 albums and won six Grammy awards.

In 2012, Sanborn was described by critic Scott Yanow as "the most influential saxophonist on pop, R&B and crossover players of the past 20 years." He became identified with radio-friendly smooth jazz, although he disliked the term and said he was not a jazz musician.

Joe Sample
Joseph Leslie Sample (February 1, 1939 – September 12, 2014) was an American jazz keyboardist and composer. He was one of the founding members of The Jazz Crusaders in 1960, whose name was shortened to "The Crusaders" in 1971. He remained a part of the group until its final album in 1991, and also the 2003 reunion album Rural Renewal.

Beginning in the late 1960s, he saw a successful solo career and guested on several recordings by other acts, including Miles Davis, George Benson, Jimmy Witherspoon, Michael Franks, B. B. King, Eric Clapton, Steely Dan, Joni Mitchell,  Anita Baker, Herb Alpert, and The Supremes. Sample incorporated gospel, blues, jazz, latin, and classical forms into his music.
Georgia State Route 112
State Route 112 (SR 112) is a 189.84-mile-long (305.52 km) state highway that travels in a generally southwest-to-northeast orientation in the southwestern and central parts of the U.S. state of Georgia. It passes through portions of Grady, Mitchell, Worth, Turner, Wilcox, Pulaski, Bleckley, Twiggs, Wilkinson, and Baldwin counties, and connects the Cairo and Milledgeville areas of the state.

Georgia State Route 30
State Route 30 (SR 30) is a 229.8-mile-long (369.8 km) state highway that travels west-to-east through portions of Marion, Sumter, Crisp, Wilcox, Dodge, Telfair, Wheeler, Montgomery, Toombs, Tattnall, Evans, Bryan, Effingham, and Chatham counties in the south-central part of the U.S. state of Georgia. The highway connects the southern part of Marion County with Port Wentworth, via Americus, Cordele, Abbeville, McRae, Vidalia, Reidsville, Claxton, and Pembroke. The highway is concurrent with U.S. Route 280 (US 280) for about four-fifths of its length, from Americus to Blitchton, which is the easternmost 183.9 miles (296.0 km) of US 280's length.
List of prime ministers of Jordan
The prime minister of Jordan is the head of government of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.

Since the establishment of the state as the Emirate of Transjordan in 1921, 44 people have held the position of prime minister, several of whom have served multiple non-consecutive terms. Tawfik Abu Al-Huda served for a total of 12 years and is considered the longest-serving prime minister.

Jordan's current constitution, which was promulgated in 1951, outlines that the prime minister is appointed by the king of Jordan, whose government must be approved through a vote of confidence by the elected lower chamber of Parliament, the House of Representatives. Jordan has had one parliamentary government in its history, the short-lived government led by Suleiman Nabulsi's National Socialist Party in 1956–57.

The incumbent prime minister is Jafar Hassan, who assumed office on 15 September 2024.

Ibrahim Hashem
Ibrahim Hashem CBE (Arabic: إبراهيم هاشم;‎ 1886 – 14 July 1958) was a Jordanian politician and judge, known primarily for serving five terms as Prime Minister of Jordan.

Part of a Jordanian delegation that visited Iraq when both countries were part of the Arab Federation, Hashem was assassinated in Baghdad at the hands of a mob in front of the headquarters of the Iraqi Ministry of Defence during the 1958 Iraqi coup d'état.
Yuri Shablikin
Yuri Mikhailovich Shablikin (Russian: Ю́рий Миха́йлович Шаблы́кин; October 31, 1932, Leningrad, USSR) was a Soviet, Russian realist painter, graphic artist, restorer, art teacher, who live and work in Saint Petersburg, a member of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists (before 1992 - the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation), regarded by art historian Sergei V. Ivanov as one of representatives of the Leningrad school of painting.

Boris Maluev
Boris Yakovlevich Maluev (Russian: Борис Яковлевич Малуев; February 6, 1929 – October 24, 1990) was a Soviet Russian painter, a member of the Leningrad Union of Artists, Honored Artist of the RSFSR, lived and worked in Leningrad, regarded as one of representatives of the Leningrad school of painting, most famous for his historical and genre paintings.
Texture mapping
Texture mapping is a term used in computer graphics to describe how 2D images are projected onto 3D models. The most common variant is the UV unwrap, which can be described as an inverse paper cutout, where the surfaces of a 3D model are cut apart so that it can be unfolded into a 2D coordinate space (UV space).

Z-buffering
A z-buffer, also known as a depth buffer, is a type of data buffer used in computer graphics to store the depth information of fragments. The values stored represent the distance to the camera, with 0 being the closest. The encoding scheme may be flipped with the highest number being the value closest to camera.

In a 3D-rendering pipeline, when an object is projected on the screen, the depth (z-value) of a generated fragment in the projected screen image is compared to the value already stored in the buffer (depth test), and replaces it if the new value is closer. It works in tandem with the rasterizer, which computes the colored values. The fragment output by the rasterizer is saved if it is not overlapped by another fragment.

Z-buffering is a technique used in almost all contemporary computers, laptops, and mobile phones for generating 3D computer graphics. The primary use now is for video games, which require fast and accurate processing of 3D scenes.
Ralph Peer
Ralph Sylvester Peer (May 22, 1892 – January 19, 1960) was an American talent scout, recording engineer, record producer and music publisher in the 1920s and 1930s. Peer pioneered field recording of music when in June 1923 he took remote recording equipment south to Atlanta, Georgia, to record regional music outside the recording studio in such places as hotel rooms, ballrooms, or empty warehouses. Peer also designed the modern day arrangement where artists get a share of the royalties from the copyright of their songs as well as the record sales. He has been inducted into Hall of Fames for country music as well as for the blues.

Okeh Records
OKeh Records (/ˌoʊˈkeɪ/) is an American record label founded by the Otto Heinemann Phonograph Corporation, a phonograph supplier established in 1916, which branched out into phonograph records in 1918. The name originally was spelled "OkeH" from the initials of Otto K. E. Heinemann but was later changed to "OKeh". In 1965, OKeh became a subsidiary of Epic Records, a subsidiary of Sony Music. OKeh has since become a jazz imprint, distributed by Sony Masterworks.
Cosworth
Cosworth is a British automotive engineering company founded in London in 1958, specialising in high-performance internal combustion engines, powertrain, and electronics for automobile racing (motorsport) and mainstream automotive industries. Cosworth is based in Northampton, England, with facilities in Cottenham, England, Silverstone, England, and Indianapolis, IN, US.

Cosworth has collected 176 wins in Formula One (F1) as engine supplier, ranking third with most wins, behind Ferrari and Mercedes.

Reynard Motorsport
Reynard Motorsport was the world's largest racing car manufacturer in the 1980s. Initially based at Bicester and latterly at Reynard Park, Brackley, England the company built successful cars in Formula Ford 1600, Formula Ford 2000, Formula Vauxhall Lotus, Formula Three, Formula 3000 and CART.
Estelle Faye
Estelle Faye (born 1 May 1978) began her career as a French actor and screenwriter. Since 2009 she has been best known as a science fiction and fantasy author, where her novels and short stories have won several awards.

Lucie Chenu
Lucie Chenu (born 10 May 1960) is a French author who works in the field of fantastic literature, fantasy and science fiction. A doctor in bacterial genetics, she received the Bob Morane Prize twice (2008 and 2009) for her work as an anthologist.
Jack DeSena
John Patrick De Sena (/dəˈsɛnə/; born December 6, 1987), better known by his stage name Jack DeSena, is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for his work on the sketch comedy series All That, and voicing Sokka on the Nickelodeon series Avatar: The Last Airbender and Prince Callum on the Netflix series The Dragon Prince.

Dante Basco
Dante Roman Titus Basco (born August 29, 1975) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Rufio, the leader of the Lost Boys, in Steven Spielberg's Hook, Dolph in the cult film But I'm a Cheerleader, the lead character Ben Mercado in the independent film The Debut, and for voicing the titular protagonist of American Dragon: Jake Long and Prince Zuko in Avatar: The Last Airbender.

His voice acting roles also include Zuko's grandson General Iroh II in The Legend of Korra, Quoc Wong in The Proud Family, Jingmei in The Boondocks, Tuck in Generator Rex, Scorpion in Ultimate Spider-Man, and Jai Kell in Star Wars Rebels.
Surrey Women cricket team
The Surrey Women's cricket team is the women's representative cricket team for the English historic county of Surrey, and was a replacement for regional team South East Stars. They play their home games at various grounds across the county, including The Oval, as well as County Cricket Ground, Beckenham and Woodbridge Road, Guildford. They are captained by Bryony Smith and coached by Johann Myburgh. They currently play in the Women's One-Day Cup and the Women's T20 Blast

Warwickshire Women cricket team
The Warwickshire Women's cricket team is the women's representative cricket team for the English historic county of Warwickshire. They play their home games at Edgbaston Foundation Sports Ground, Birmingham, and are captained by Marie Kelly. In 2019, they won the Women's Twenty20 Cup. They are partnered with the regional side Central Sparks.
Dolce & Gabbana
Dolce & Gabbana (Italian pronunciation: [ˈdoltʃe e ɡɡabˈbaːna]), also known by initials D&G, is an Italian fashion house founded in 1985 in Legnano by Italian designers Domenico Dolce and Stefano Gabbana. The house specializes in ready-to-wear, handbags, accessories, cosmetics, and fragrances and licenses its name and branding to Luxottica for eyewear.

Max Mara
Max Mara (Italian pronunciation: [maks ˈmaːra]) is an Italian fashion business that markets upscale ready-to-wear clothing. It was established in 1951 in Reggio Emilia by Achille Maramotti (7 January 1927 – 12 January 2005). As of October 2024 the company has 502 stores in 69 countries. It sponsors the Max Mara Art Prize for Women.
Nikolai Mukho
Nikolai Antonovich Mukho (Russian: Никола́й Анто́нович Мухо́; December 6, 1913 – August 6, 1986) was a Soviet, Russian painter who lived and worked in Leningrad, and was regarded as a representative of the Leningrad school of painting. He was best known for his portraits.

Ivan Godlevsky
Ivan Ivanovich Godlevsky (Russian: Иван Иванович Годлевский; March 9, 1908 – August 20, 1998) was a Soviet Russian painter, a member of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists (before 1992 — the Leningrad Union of Artists), who lived and worked in Leningrad, regarded as a representative of the Leningrad school of painting, most famous for his landscapes painted in decorative style.
Nishitama District
Nishitama (西多摩郡, Nishitama-gun; West Tama) is a district located in Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. It comprises the village of Hinohara and the following three towns:

Hinode

Mizuho

Okutama

Historically, the cities of Ōme, Fussa, Hamura, and Akiruno were parts of Nishitama District but these were broken off from the district after they were elevated to city status.

Minamitama District, Tokyo
Minamitama (南多摩郡, Minamitama-gun, South Tama) was a district or county (gun) of Tokyo (Metropolis/Prefecture), Japan. It was created in the early Meiji era when the old Tama District of Musashi Province was divided into four parts and split between Kanagawa and Tokyo. It lost its status as an administrative unit in the 1920s when county governments and councils were abolished across the country. As a geographical unit, it ceased to exist in 1971 when its last two remaining municipalities were promoted to independent cities.
Jahandar Shah
Jahandar Shah (Mirza Mu'izz-ud-Din Beg Muhammad Khan; 10 May 1661 – 11 February 1713) was the ninth Mughal emperor briefly from 1712 to 1713. He was the son of Emperor Bahadur Shah I, and the grandson of Emperor Aurangzeb.

Jahandar Shah was the first puppet ruler of the Mughal dynasty, having been placed on the throne by powerful noble Zulfiqar Khan. His reign was short and turbulent, lasting more than a year. He was deposed by the Sayyid brothers and succeeded by his nephew Farrukhsiyar.

Rafi ud-Darajat
Mirza Rafi ud-Darajat (Persian: رفیع الدرجات, Persian pronunciation: [ɾa.fiːʔ.ud.da.ɾa.ˈd͡ʒɑːt]); 1 December 1699 – 6 June 1719) was briefly the Eleventh Mughal emperor. He was the youngest son of Rafi-ush-Shan, the nephew of Azim-ush-Shan and a grandson of Bahadur Shah I.

He was placed on the throne by the Sayyid brothers after they deposed, blinded, imprisoned and executed emperor Farrukhsiyar with the help of Maharaja Ajit Singh and the Marathas in 1719.
Big Ed (rapper)
Edward Lee Knight (November 2, 1971 – July 8, 2001), best known by his stage name Big Ed the Assassin, often shortened to Big Ed, was an American rapper.

Knight was signed to Master P's No Limit Records in 1992 and featured on several of its releases during the 1990s, including those by Master P, C-Murder, Mac and Soulja Slim. It released his debut album, The Assassin, in 1998.

Knight left No Limit in 2000, starting his own label, Special Forces Records. He released his second album, Special Forces, on May 9, 2000. His third and final album, Edward Lee Knight 1971-2001, was released posthumously in August 2001.

Fiend (rapper)
Richard Anthony Jones (born May 13, 1976), better known by his stage name Fiend (or International Jones), is an American rapper from New Orleans, Louisiana. His debut album, I Won't Be Denied (1995), was released by the local record label Big Boy Records. He signed with its competitor, Master P's No Limit Records, to release the follow-up album, There's One in Every Family (1998). The latter peaked within the top ten of the Billboard 200 and was followed by his third album, Street Life (1999), which peaked at number 15 on the chart and served as his final release with No Limit.

He briefly joined Ruff Ryders Entertainment in 2001 prior to forming the hip hop group, Da Headbussaz with Three 6 Mafia's Juicy J and DJ Paul, whose only album, Dat's How It Happen to'M (2002), entered the Billboard 200. He then signed with fellow New Orleans rapper Currensy's record label Jet Life Recordings in 2011, and released a collaborative album with the label, Jet World Order (2011).