hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Submarine hull
A submarine hull has two major components, the superstructure and the pressure hull.  The external portion of a submarine’s hull—that part that does not resist sea pressure and is free-flooding—is known as the “superstructure” in American submarine terminology and the “casing” in British submarine terminology.  It is sometimes also referred to as the “light hull” or other descriptive terms.

The superstructure of a submarine is the outer non-watertight, “free-flooding” hull which provides a hydrodynamically efficient shape.  The pressure hull is the inner hull of a submarine that resists sea pressure and maintains the submarine’s structural integrity at (operating) depth.

Saddle tank (submarine)
Saddle tanks are a type of ballast tank configuration fitted to submarines.

Saddle tanks are fitted in pairs external to the pressure hull, one on each side, in a similar manner to that of a horse's saddle-bags, the positioning of which they resemble in appearance.
Norton Simon Museum
The Norton Simon Museum is an art museum located in Pasadena, California, United States. It was previously known as the Pasadena Art Institute and the Pasadena Art Museum and displays numerous sculptures on its grounds.

The Norton Simon collections include European paintings, sculptures, and tapestries; Asian sculptures, paintings, and woodblock prints. Outside sculptures surround the museum, with notable Rodin sculptures near its entrance and other sculptures along Colorado Boulevard and in a landscape setting around a large pond. The museum contains the Norton Simon Theater which shows film programs daily, and hosts lectures, symposia, and dance and musical performances year-round. The museum is located on Colorado Boulevard along the route of the Tournament of Roses's Rose Parade, where its distinctive, brown tile exterior can be seen in the background of television broadcasts.

Los Angeles County Museum of Art
The Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) is an art museum located on Wilshire Boulevard in the Miracle Mile vicinity of Los Angeles. LACMA is on Museum Row, adjacent to the La Brea Tar Pits (George C. Page Museum).

LACMA was founded in 1961, splitting from the Los Angeles Museum of History, Science and Art. Four years later, it moved to the Wilshire Boulevard complex designed by William Pereira. The museum's wealth and collections grew in the 1980s, and it added several buildings beginning in that decade and continuing in subsequent decades.

LACMA is  the largest art museum in the western United States. It attracts nearly a million visitors annually. It holds more than 150,000 works spanning the history of art from ancient times to the present. In addition to art exhibits, the museum features film and concert series.
Gus Johnson (sportscaster)
Augustus Cornelius Johnson Jr. (born 1967 or 1968) is an American sportscaster. He is the lead play-by-play announcer for Fox Sports calling college football and college basketball. Prior to working with Fox, he was with CBS Sports. He also called select NBA playoff games for NBA on TNT and NBA TV. He is known for his highly enthusiastic and energetic style of playcalling.

Jenny Taft
Jenny Taft (born September 5, 1987) is an American sports television personality who works as a lead college football sideline reporter on Fox broadcasts. Her broadcasting career began with the Fox Sports North (FSN) regional affiliate. Taft is also a pit reporter for BattleBots on the Discovery Channel and served as the moderator on Fox Sports 1's Undisputed.
Arn Anderson
Martin Anthony Lunde (born September 20, 1958), better known by his ring name Arn Anderson, is an American professional wrestling road agent, author, and retired professional wrestler. Although he is widely regarded as one of the greatest tag team wrestlers in history, he also had a successful singles career and became a four-time NWA/WCW World Television Champion, which he often called his "world title".

Anderson's career was highlighted by his alliances with Ric Flair and various members of the wrestling stable The Four Horsemen in the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) and World Championship Wrestling (WCW). After his retirement, he worked as a producer for WWE until 2019, when he joined All Elite Wrestling (AEW). On March 31, 2012, Anderson was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame as a member of the Four Horsemen. His son, Brock Anderson also pursued a career in professional wrestling.

Michael Hayes (wrestler)
Michael Seitz (born March 29, 1959) is an American retired professional wrestler and former musician. Seitz is best known for leading The Fabulous Freebirds under the ring name Michael "P.S." ("Purely Sexy") Hayes and for his role as an announcer under the name "Handsome" Dok Hendrix in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). He is employed with WWE as Vice President, Creative Writing & Booking and is also a senior producer.
Theodore Svetoslav of Bulgaria
Theodore Svetoslav (Bulgarian: Тодор Светослав, Todor Svetoslav and also Теодор Светослав, Teodor Svetoslav) ruled as emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria from 1300 to 1322. The date of his birth is unknown. He captured northeast fortresses and expanded the territory of the Bulgarian Empire.

Apart from his external and economic successes, Theodore Svetoslav dealt with the separatists among the nobility including his uncle. He persecuted the traitors who he thought were responsible for the Mongol interference and even the Patriarch, Joachim III, was executed.

Chaka of Bulgaria
Chaka (Bulgarian: Чака; died 1300) briefly reigned as tsar of Bulgaria, from 1299 to 1300. He was the son of the Mongol leader Nogai Khan by a wife named Alaka. Sometime after 1285 Chaka married a daughter of George Terter I of Bulgaria, named Elena. In the late 1290s, Chaka supported his father Nogai in a war against the legitimate khan of the Golden Horde, Toqta. Toqta defeated and killed Nogai in 1299.
Erzurum
Erzurum (Armenian: Կարին, romanized: Karin; Kurdish: Erzîrom) is a city in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. It is the largest city and capital of Erzurum Province and is 1,900 meters (6,233 feet) above sea level. Erzurum had a population of 367,250 in 2010. It is the site of ancient Theodosiopolis.

The city uses the double-headed eagle as its coat-of-arms, a motif that has been a common symbol throughout Anatolia since the Bronze Age.

Erzurum has winter sports facilities, hosted the 2011 Winter Universiade, and the 2023 Winter Deaflympics (in March 2024).

Kars
Kars (Armenian: Կարս or Ղարս; Azerbaijani: Qars; Kurdish: Qers; Georgian: ყარსი, romanized: q'arsi; Russian: Карс) is a city in northeast Turkey. It is the seat of Kars Province and Kars District. As of 2022, its population was 91,450. Kars, in classical historiography (Strabo), was in the ancient region known as Chorzene (Greek: Χορζηνή), part of the province of Ayrarat in the Kingdom of Armenia, and later the capital of the Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia from 929 to 961. Currently, the mayor of Kars is Ötüken Senger. The city had an Armenian ethnic majority until it was recaptured by Turkish nationalist forces in late 1920.
Bill Singer
William Robert Singer (born April 24, 1944) is an American former professional baseball pitcher with a 14-year career from 1964 to 1977. He played primarily for the Los Angeles Dodgers (1964–72) and the California Angels (1973–75), spending his final two seasons with the Texas Rangers (1976), Minnesota Twins (1976), and Toronto Blue Jays (1977). His nicknames included "Sing Sing," "Billy No-No" and "The Singer Throwing Machine."

Mike Strahler
Michael Wayne Strahler (March 14, 1947 – July 14, 2016) was an American baseball player who played as a pitcher in the Major League Baseball. He pitched from 1970 to 1973 for the Los Angeles Dodgers and Detroit Tigers. He was traded from the Tigers to the Milwaukee Brewers for Ray Newman at the Winter Meetings on December 6, 1973.

Strahler died on July 14, 2016, aged 69.
Yip Harburg
Edgar Yipsel "Yip" Harburg (born Isidore Hochberg; April 8, 1896 – March 5, 1981) was an American popular song lyricist and librettist who worked with many well-known composers. He wrote the lyrics to the standards "Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?" (with Jay Gorney), "April in Paris", and "It's Only a Paper Moon", as well as all of the songs for the film The Wizard of Oz, including "Over the Rainbow". Harburg was known for the social commentary of his lyrics, as well as his left-wing political leanings. He championed racial, sexual, and gender equality and labor unionism, and was an ardent critic of high society and religion.

Billy Rose
Billy Rose (born William Samuel Rosenberg; September 6, 1899 – February 10, 1966) was an American impresario, theatrical showman, lyricist and columnist. For years both before and after World War II, Billy Rose was a major force in entertainment, with shows such as Billy Rose's Crazy Quilt (1931), Jumbo (1935), Billy Rose's Aquacade (1937), and Carmen Jones (1943). As a lyricist, he is credited with many songs, notably "Don't Bring Lulu" (1925), "Tonight You Belong to Me" (1926), "Me and My Shadow" (1927), "More Than You Know" (1929), "Without a Song" (1929), "It Happened in Monterrey" (1930), and "It's Only a Paper Moon" (1933).

Rose is also known as the husband of comedian and singer Fanny Brice.
Aby Lowland
The Aby Lowland (Russian: Абыйская низменность; Yakut: Абый Намтала, romanized: Abıy Namtala) is a low alluvial plain located in the Sakha Republic, Far Eastern Federal District, Russia. Administratively most of the territory  of the lowland is part of Aby District (Aby Ulus).

Yana-Indigirka Lowland
The Yana-Indigirka Lowland (Russian: Яно-Индигирская низменность; Yakut: Дьааҥы - Индигир намтала, romanized: Caañı - İndigir namtala) is a large, low alluvial plain located in northern Siberia, Far Eastern Federal District, Russia.

Administratively most of the territory  of the lowland is part of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). There are inhabited centers of population in the lowlands such as Chokurdakh, Olenegorsk and Nizhneyansk, but these are very few and scattered.
Roger Byrne
Roger William Byrne (8 September 1929 – 6 February 1958) was an English footballer who played as a full-back and captain of Manchester United. He died at the age of 28 in the Munich air disaster. He was one of the eight Manchester United players who lost their lives in the disaster on 6 February 1958. He made 33 appearances for the England national team.

David Pegg
David Pegg (20 September 1935 – 6 February 1958) was an English footballer who played as an outside-left and one of the eight Manchester United players who died in the Munich air disaster on 6 February 1958.
S-type asteroid
S-type (stony-type or siliceous-type) asteroids are asteroids with a spectral type that is indicative of a siliceous (i.e. stony) mineralogical composition, hence the name. They have relatively high density. Approximately 17% of asteroids are of this type, making it the second-most common after the carbonaceous C-type.

Asteroid spectral types
An asteroid spectral type is assigned to asteroids based on their reflectance spectrum, color, and sometimes albedo. These types are thought to correspond to an asteroid's surface composition. For small bodies that are not internally differentiated, the surface and internal compositions are presumably similar, while large bodies such as Ceres and Vesta are known to have internal structure. Over the years, there has been a number of surveys that resulted in a set of different taxonomic systems such as the Tholen, SMASS and Bus–DeMeo classifications.
Ugandan shilling
The shilling (Swahili: shilingi; abbreviation: USh; ISO code: UGX) is the currency of Uganda. Officially divided into cents until 2013, due to substantial inflation the shilling now has no subdivision.

Tanzanian shilling
The shilling (Swahili: shilingi; abbreviation: TSh; code: TZS) is the currency of Tanzania. It is subdivided into 100 cents (senti in Swahili).
The Tanzanian shilling replaced the East African shilling on 14 June 1966 at par.
Gary Woodland
Gary Lynn Woodland (born May 21, 1984) is an American professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour. He won the U.S. Open in 2019, his first major championship and sixth professional victory.  Following a successful college career, he turned professional in 2007 and briefly competed on the Nationwide Tour.

Brooks Koepka
Brooks Koepka (/ˈkɛpkə/ KEP-kə; born May 3, 1990) is an American professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour. He is a former world number one in the Official World Golf Ranking. Koepka has won five major championships.

After playing collegiately for the Florida State Seminoles, Koepka turned professional in 2012 and achieved a three-win promotion on the Challenge Tour in 2013, which secured status on the European Tour. He won his first European Tour title at the Turkish Airlines Open in 2014 and his first PGA Tour title at the Phoenix Open in 2015.

Koepka won his first major championship at the 2017 U.S. Open, which spearheaded a streak of major victories. He defended his title at the 2018 U.S. Open, and won both the 2018 and 2019 PGA Championship. In 2022, Koepka joined LIV Golf. In the following years, he won multiple LIV Golf events and added his fifth major championship at the 2023 PGA Championship. He left the LIV Golf League and returned to the PGA Tour in 2026.
West Carroll Parish, Louisiana
West Carroll Parish (French: Paroisse de Carroll Ouest) is a parish located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,751. The parish seat is Oak Grove. The parish was founded in 1877, when Carroll Parish was divided.

The area of cotton culture in Louisiana in parishes along this part of the Mississippi River was also referred to as the Natchez District. It included the parishes of East Carroll (after the split in 1877), Concordia, Madison and Tensas.

Richland Parish, Louisiana
Richland Parish is a parish located in the North Louisiana Delta Country in the U.S. state of Louisiana, known for its fertile, flat farmland, cane brakes, and open spaces. The parish had a population of 20,043 at the 2020 United States census. The name Richland was chosen due to the rich production from farming. The parish seat and largest community is Rayville.
Bernard Haitink
Bernard Johan Herman Haitink (Dutch: [ˈbɛrnɑrt ˈɦaːitɪŋk]; 4 March 1929 – 21 October 2021) was a Dutch conductor and violinist. He was the principal conductor of several international orchestras, beginning with the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra in 1961. He moved to London, as principal conductor of the London Philharmonic Orchestra from 1967 to 1979, music director at Glyndebourne Opera from 1978 to 1988 and of the Royal Opera House from 1987 to 2002, when he became principal conductor of the Staatskapelle Dresden. Finally, he was principal conductor of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra from 2006 to 2010. The focus of his prolific recording was classical symphonies and orchestral works, but he also conducted operas. He conducted 90 concerts at The Proms in London, the last on 3 September 2019 with the Vienna Philharmonic. His awards include Grammy Awards and the 2015 Gramophone Award for his lifetime achievements.

Eugen Jochum
Eugen Jochum (German: [ˈɔʏɡeːn ˈjɔxʊm, ˈɔʏɡn̩ -]; 1 November 1902 – 26 March 1987) was a German conductor, best known for his interpretations of the music of Anton Bruckner and Johannes Brahms, among others. He was principal conductor for the Berlin Radio (1932–1944), Bavarian (1949–1960) and Bamberg (1969–1973) symphony orchestras.
Beagle
The Beagle is a breed of scent hound, similar in appearance to the much larger foxhound. The beagle was developed primarily for hunting rabbit or hare, known as beagling. Possessing a great sense of smell and superior tracking instincts, the beagle is the primary breed used as a detection dog for prohibited agricultural imports and foodstuffs in quarantine around the world. The beagle is a popular pet due to its size and amiable temperament.

The modern breed was developed in Great Britain around the 1830s from several breeds, including the Talbot Hound, the North Country Beagle, the Southern Hound, and possibly the Harrier. Beagles have been depicted in popular culture since Elizabethan times in literature and paintings and more recently in film, television, and comic books.

Dachshund
The dachshund  (UK: /ˈdækshʊnd, -ənd, -hʊnt/ DAKS-huund, -⁠ənd, -⁠huunt or US: /ˈdɑːkshʊnt, -hʊnd, -ənt/ DAHKS-huunt, -⁠huund, -⁠ənt; German: 'badger dog'), also known as the wiener dog, or sausage dog, badger dog, doxen and doxie, is a short-legged, long-bodied, hound-type dog breed. The dog may be smooth-haired, wire-haired, or long-haired, with varied coloration.

The dachshund was bred to scent, chase, and flush out badgers and other burrow-dwelling animals. The miniature dachshund was bred to hunt small animals such as rabbits.

The dachshund was ranked 6th in registrations with the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 2024. The AKC describes the breed's personality as bold, brave and vivacious. The breed can be aggressive to strangers and other dogs.
White City Stadium
White City Stadium in London, England, was built for the 1908 Summer Olympics. It hosted the finish of the first modern marathon and swimming, speedway, boxing, show jumping, athletics, stock car racing, concerts and a match at the 1966 World Cup.

From 1927, it was a venue for greyhound racing, hosting the English Greyhound Derby until its closure in 1984. The stadium was demolished in 1985 and the site is now occupied by White City Place.

White City was also used for stock car racing in the early seventies when Spedeworth promoted racing on Friday nights usually alternate Fridays to their Walthamstow promotions.

Greyhound Racing Association
The Greyhound Racing Association  was a UK-based private company founded in 1925 and existed until 2019. It was involved in the management of sports venues, notably greyhound racing stadia. The GRA was responsible for introducing Greyhound racing in the United Kingdom and was the largest racing operator for 70 years but diminished when trading as GRA Acquisition from 2005 to 2019. Despite its name, it was not involved in the administration of greyhound racing itself.
Chatham Roberdeau Wheat
Chatham Roberdeau Wheat (April 9, 1826 – June 27, 1862) was an American politician, lawyer, adventurer and military officer serving both the United States Army and the Confederate States Army.

Wheat first saw action as a captain of the United States Volunteers during the Mexican–American War where he was promoted to a lieutenant. Upon leaving the military, he successfully sought election to Louisiana House of Representatives, serving a 1 year term from 1848–1849. Following his term in office he served as a mercenary in Cuba, Mexico, and Italy, and later as a major in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.

Wheat is remembered as a pioneer of the filibuster movement in the Antebellum United States, he led several raids into Cuba where he was commissioned a colonel and gained most of his military experience.

Louisiana Tigers
"Louisiana Tigers" was the nickname of several infantry units of the Confederate States Army from Louisiana during the American Civil War. Originally applied to a specific company, the nickname expanded to a battalion, then to a brigade, and eventually to all Louisianan troops in the Army of Northern Virginia. Although the exact composition of the Louisiana Tigers changed as the war progressed, they developed a reputation as brave but undisciplined shock troops.
Biphobia
Biphobia or monosexism is aversion toward bisexual people or bisexuality as a sexual orientation. Biphobic prejudice commonly presents as denial that bisexuality is a genuine sexual orientation, negative stereotypes about people who are bisexual (such as the beliefs that they are promiscuous or dishonest), or bisexual erasure.

The hatred of bisexual women is referred to as bimisogyny or less commonly bisexism.

Discrimination against lesbians
Discrimination against lesbians, sometimes called lesbophobia or lesphobia, comprises various forms of prejudice and negativity towards lesbians as individuals, as couples, as a group, or lesbianism in general.

Examples of discrimination against lesbians include, but are not limited to, discrimination in housing and employment, physical or sexual abuse including corrective rape, lack of legal protections for lesbian couples to care for one another, removal of children from lesbian mothers, negative stereotypes and negative media representation, verbal harassment, legal persecution and imprisonment, government censorship, and familial and/or community rejection.

Lesbophobia is analogous to gayphobia.
Manorama (Tamil actress)
Gopishantha (26 May 1937 – 10 October 2015), better known by her stage name Manorama, also called  Aachi, was an Indian actress, comedian and playback singer who had appeared in more than 1500 films and 5000 stage performances predominantly in the Tamil and also in  Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, and Sinhala. She was honoured with Kalaimamani award in 1995. In 2002, Government of India awarded Manorama the Padma Shri for her contribution to the arts. She is a recipient of one National Film Award, one Filmfare Award South and seven Tamil Nadu State Film Awards.

K. A. Thangavelu
Karaikal Arunachalam Thangavelu (15 January 1917 – 28 September 1994) popularly known as "Danaal Thangavelu", was an Indian actor and comedian popular in the 1950s to 1970s. Not known for physical, acrobatic comedy like his contemporaries J. P. Chandrababu and Nagesh, Thangavelu's humour is recognised for his impeccable timing in verbal agility and the characteristic twang of his delivery. He exclusively acted in Tamil films.
Baltic offensive
The Baltic offensive, also known as the Baltic strategic offensive, was the military campaign between the northern Fronts of the Red Army and the German Army Group North in the Baltic States during the autumn of 1944. The result of the series of battles was the isolation and encirclement of the Army Group North in the Courland Pocket and Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic States. In Soviet propaganda, this offensive was listed as one of Stalin's ten blows.

Battle of Memel
The Battle of Memel or the siege of Memel (German: Erste Kurlandschlacht) was a battle which took place on the Eastern Front during World War II. The battle began when the Red Army launched its Memel offensive operation (Russian: Мемельская наступательная операция) in late 1944. The offensive drove remaining German forces in the area that is now Lithuania and Latvia into a small bridgehead in Klaipėda (Memel) and its port, leading to a three-month siege of that position.

The bridgehead was finally crushed as part of the subsequent Soviet East Prussian offensive in early 1945.
Heidelberg United FC
Heidelberg United Alexander Football Club, commonly known as Heidelberg United, Alexander the Great (Greek: Μέγας Αλέξανδρος), or simply Alexander (Greek: Αλέξανδρος), is an Australian semi-professional association football club based in Heidelberg West, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria. Founded in 1958 by Greek Macedonian immigrants, the club currently competes in the National Premier Leagues Victoria. Heidelberg United plays its home matches at Olympic Park.

Bentleigh Greens SC
Bentleigh Greens Soccer Club is an Australian semi professional soccer club based in Cheltenham, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria. The club was formed in 1986, by the Greek Cypriot community and currently competes in the Victoria Premier League 1. Bentleigh made nationwide headlines when it became the first club below the A-League to make the semi-final of the FFA Cup in 2014. The Greens hit another milestone a year later when they claimed their first major trophy, the NPL Victoria title. In 2016, Bentleigh Greens became Victorian top-flight league premiers for the first time.