hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nepenthes alata
Nepenthes alata (/nɪˈpɛnθiːz əˈlɑːtə/; from Latin alatus "winged") is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the Philippines. Like all pitcher plants, it is carnivorous and uses its nectar to attract insects that drown in the pitcher and are digested by the plant. It is highly polymorphic, and its taxonomy continues to be subject to revisions.

Petiole (botany)
In botany, the petiole (/ˈpiːti.oʊl, ˈpɛti-/), commonly known as the leaf stem or leaf stalk, is the stalk that attaches the leaf to the twigs, branches or stems of a plant. The terms petiolate and apetiolate are applied, respectively, to leaves with and without petioles.
Humerus
The humerus (/ˈhjuːmərəs/; pl.: humeri) is a long bone in the arm that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. It connects the scapula and the two bones of the lower arm, the radius and ulna, and consists of three sections. The humeral upper extremity consists of a rounded head, a narrow neck, and two short processes (tubercles, sometimes called tuberosities). The shaft is cylindrical in its upper portion, and more prismatic below. The lower extremity consists of 2 epicondyles, 2 processes (trochlea and capitulum), and 3 fossae (radial fossa, coronoid fossa, and olecranon fossa). As well as its true anatomical neck, the constriction below the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus is referred to as its surgical neck due to its tendency to fracture, thus often becoming the focus of surgeons.

Foramen
In anatomy and osteology, a  foramen (/fəˈreɪmən/; pl.: foramina, /fəˈræmɪnə/ or foramens /fəˈreɪmənz/; from Latin 'an opening produced by boring') is an opening or enclosed gap within the dense connective tissue (bones and deep fasciae) of extant and extinct amniote animals, typically to allow passage of nerves, arteries, veins or other soft tissue structures (e.g. muscle tendon) from one body compartment to another.
2018 Longman by-election
A by-election for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Longman took place on Saturday 28 July 2018, following the resignation of incumbent Labor MP Susan Lamb.

In early counting, within an hour of the close of polls, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's psephologist Antony Green's electoral computer had predicted Labor to retain the electorate with an increased margin.

The by-election occurred on the same day as four other by-elections for the House of Representatives, colloquially known as Super Saturday. The result in Longman has been noted as helping to accelerate the replacement of Malcolm Turnbull as prime minister and Liberal leader in the following month.
Turnbull himself did not help his stock when he made the by-election as a direct leadership contest between himself and Opposition Leader Bill Shorten.

2018 Fremantle by-election
A by-election for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Fremantle took place on Saturday 28 July 2018, following the resignation of incumbent Labor MP Josh Wilson.

In early counting, within 90 minutes of the close of polls, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's psephologist Antony Green's electoral computer had predicted Labor to retain the electorate with an increased margin. This election is notable for being the first time that a Liberal Democrats candidate was included in the two-candidate-preferred counting in an Australian federal election.

The by-election occurred on the same day as four other by-elections for the House of Representatives, colloquially known as Super Saturday.
Religious order
A religious order is a subgroup within a larger confessional community that has members who lead a contemplative lifestyle devoted to prayer and service. Religious orders often trace their lineage from their founders and have a text describing their lifestyle called a rule of life. Such orders exist in a number of the world's religions and their denominations.

Friar
A friar is a member of one of the mendicant orders in the Catholic Church. There are also friars outside of the Catholic Church, such as within the Evangelical-Lutheran Churches and Anglican Communion. The term, first used in the 12th or 13th century, distinguishes the mendicants' itinerant apostolic character, exercised broadly under the jurisdiction of a superior general, from the older monastic orders' allegiance to a single monastery formalized by their vow of stability. A friar may be in holy orders or be a non-ordained brother. The most significant orders of friars are the Dominicans, Franciscans, Augustinians, and Carmelites.
Armani
Giorgio Armani S.p.A. (Italian: [ˈdʒordʒo arˈmaːni]), commonly known as Armani, is an Italian luxury fashion house founded in Milan by Giorgio Armani which designs, manufactures, distributes and retails haute couture, ready-to-wear, leather goods, shoes, accessories, and home interiors. Among others, Armani licenses its name and branding to Luxottica for eyewear and L'Oréal for fragrances and cosmetics. As of 2017, it is considered Italy's second-largest fashion group behind Prada.

In addition to the couture line Armani Privé, Giorgio Armani and Emporio Armani are the company's ready-to-wear lines that show at Milan Fashion Week. Selling at lower prices are Armani Collezioni, Armani Exchange and Armani Jeans.

Marc Jacobs
Marc Jacobs (born April 9, 1963) is an American fashion designer. He is the head designer for his own fashion label, Marc Jacobs, and formerly Marc by Marc Jacobs, a diffusion line, which was produced for approximately 15 years, before it was discontinued after the 2015 fall/winter collection. At its peak, it had over 200 retail stores in 80 countries. He was the creative director of the French design house Louis Vuitton from 1997 to 2014. Jacobs was on Time magazine's "2010 Time 100" list of the 100 most influential people in the world, and was #14 on Out magazine's 2012 list of "50 Most Powerful Gay Men and Women in America". He married his longtime partner Charly Defrancesco on April 6, 2019.
2008 ICC World Cricket League Division Four
The 2008 ICC World Cricket League Division Four is a cricket tournament in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, which took place between 4 and 11 October 2008 as a part of the ICC World Cricket League and qualifying for the 2011 Cricket World Cup.

2009 Cricket World Cup Qualifier
The 2009 ICC Cricket World Cup Qualifier was a cricket tournament that took place in April 2009 in South Africa. It was the final part of the Cricket World Cup qualification process for the 2011 Cricket World Cup.

The tournament was the renamed version of the ICC Trophy, and was the final event of the 2007–09 ICC World Cricket League.
Banksia nutans
Banksia nutans, commonly known as nodding banksia, is a species of shrub native to the south coast of Western Australia in the genus Banksia. Growing to a metre (3 ft) tall, it has pale blue-green fine-leaved foliage and unusual purple-brown inflorescences which hang upside down rather than grow upright like most other banksias.

It is one of many banksias first described by the botanist Robert Brown in the early 19th century. It is not commonly seen in cultivation. Readily grown in areas with Mediterranean climates, its sensitivity to dieback makes it short-lived in climates of summer humidity such as Sydney.

Banksia victoriae
Banksia victoriae, commonly known as woolly orange banksia, is a species of large shrub or small tree in the plant genus Banksia. It occurs in Western Australia between Northampton, Western Australia and Kalbarri, with the occasional plant further north as far as Zuytdorp Nature Reserve.
Waterline length
A vessel's length at the waterline (abbreviated to L.W.L) is the length of a ship or boat at the level where it sits in the water (the waterline). The LWL will be shorter than the length of the boat overall (length overall or LOA) as most boats have bows and stern protrusions that make the LOA greater than the LWL. As a ship becomes more loaded, it will sit lower in the water and its ambient waterline length may change; but the registered L.W.L is measured from a default load condition.

Copper sheathing
Copper sheathing is a method for protecting the hull of a wooden vessel from attack by shipworm, barnacles and other marine  growth through the use of copper plates affixed to the surface of the hull, below the waterline. It was pioneered and developed by the Royal Navy during the 18th century. In antiquity, ancient Vietnamese and later Chinese used copper plates while ancient Greeks used lead plates to protect the underwater hull.
Nordstrom
Nordstrom, Inc. (/ˈnɔːrdstrəm/) is an American upmarket department store chain headquartered in Seattle, Washington, and founded by John W. Nordstrom and Carl F. Wallin in 1901. The original store operated exclusively as a shoe store, and a second location opened in 1923. The growing chain began selling clothing in 1963, and became the full-line retailer that presently exists by 1971. The company founded its off-price Nordstrom Rack division in 1973, and grew both full-line and off-price divisions throughout the United States in the following years. The full-line division competes with department stores including Bloomingdale's, Dillard's, Neiman Marcus, and Saks Fifth Avenue, while the off-price division competes with retailers including TJX and Ross Stores. Previous expansions beyond the contiguous United States include Puerto Rico (2015–2020) and Canada (2014–2023).

Barneys New York
Barneys New York is an American brand founded in 1923 by Barney Pressman that operated full-line department stores from 1923 until 2020. Barneys introduced major luxury brands to the American market including Armani, Azzedine Alaïa, Comme des Garçons, Christian Louboutin, and Zegna.

Barneys New York filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2019. Authentic Brands Group acquired Barneys' intellectual property and has licensed the brand to Saks Fifth Avenue for specialty departments within its flagship stores since 2021. As of 2026, Barneys continues its partnership with Saks Fifth Avenue, with two branches operating in New York City and Greenwich. Along with this, the partnership with Laox Holdings continues with six standalone locations and four outlet stores in Japan. The skincare and fragrance line Barneys New York Beauty also operates under a licence with the South-Korean Gloent Group.
2022 Singapore Cup
The 2022 Singapore Cup was the 23rd edition of the Singapore Cup, Singapore's annual premier club football knock-out tournament organised by the Football Association of Singapore.

Tampines Rovers were the defending champions, having won the tournament when it was last held in 2019. The cup had returned after a pandemic-enforced absence over the past two years. The draw was held on 27 September 2022.

Hougang United defeated defending champions Tampines Rovers 3–2 in the final to win their inaugural Singapore Cup.

2023 Singapore Cup
The 2023 Singapore Cup will be the 24th edition of the Singapore Cup, Singapore's annual premier club football knock-out tournament organised by the Football Association of Singapore.

Hougang United is the defending champions, having won the tournament in 2022 after defeating defending champions Tampines Rovers 3–2 in the final to win their inaugural Singapore Cup.
Armenian language
Armenian (endonym: հայերեն, hayeren, pronounced [hɑjɛˈɾɛn] ⓘ) is the sole member of an independent branch in the Indo-European language family. It is the native language of the Armenian people and the official language of Armenia. Historically spoken in the Armenian highlands, today Armenian is also widely spoken throughout the Armenian diaspora. Armenian is written in its own writing system, the Armenian alphabet, introduced in 405 AD by Mesrop Mashtots. The estimated number of Armenian speakers worldwide is between five and seven million.

Urartu
Urartu was an Iron Age kingdom centered around the Armenian highlands between Lake Van, Lake Urmia, and Lake Sevan. The territory of the ancient kingdom of Urartu extended over the modern frontiers of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Armenia, the southern regions of Georgia, and western regions of Azerbaijan. Its kings left behind cuneiform inscriptions in the Urartian language, a member of the Hurro-Urartian language family.

The kingdom emerged in the mid-9th century BC and dominated the Armenian highlands in the 8th and 7th centuries BC. Urartu frequently warred with Assyria and became, for a time, the most powerful state in the Near East. Weakened by constant conflict, it was eventually conquered, either by the Iranian Medes in the early 6th century BC or by Cyrus the Great in the middle of the 6th century BC. Archaeologically, it is noted for its large fortresses and sophisticated metalwork.
James J. Hill
James Jerome Hill (September 16, 1838 – May 29, 1916) was an American railway entrepreneur. He was the chief executive officer of a family of lines headed by the Great Northern Railway, which served a substantial area of the Upper Midwest, the northern Great Plains, and the Pacific Northwest in the United States. Because of the size of this region and the economic dominance exerted by the Hill lines, Hill became known during his lifetime as "The Empire Builder", and died in 1916 with a fortune of about $63 million. His former home, James J. Hill House, is now a museum in Saint Paul, Minnesota.

Paris Gibson
Paris Gibson (July 1, 1830 – December 16, 1920) was an American entrepreneur and politician.

Gibson was born in Brownfield, Maine. An 1851 graduate of Bowdoin College, he served as a member of the Montana State Senate and as a Democratic member of the United States Senate between 1901 and 1905.
Ian MacDonald
Ian MacCormick (known by the pseudonym Ian MacDonald; 3 October 1948 – 20 August 2003) was an English music critic, journalist and author, best known for both Revolution in the Head, his critical history of the Beatles which borrowed techniques from art historians, and The New Shostakovich, a study of Russian composer Dmitri Shostakovich.

Uncut (magazine)
Uncut is a monthly magazine based in London. It is available across the English-speaking world, and focuses on music, but also includes film and books sections. A DVD magazine under the Uncut brand was published quarterly from 2005 to 2006. The magazine was acquired in 2019 by Singaporean music company BandLab Technologies, and was published by NME Networks from December 2021 to August 2023, when the brand was sold to Kelsey Media.
Finland men's national volleyball team
The Finland men's national volleyball team is the national volleyball team of Finland. It is governed by the Finland Volleyball Association and takes part in international volleyball competitions. The team's best results to date are fourth place at the European Championships 2007 and ninth place at the 2014 World Championships.
After a one-off appearance in 1993, Finland rejoined the FIVB World League in 2006 and has been part of the competition ever since, making this year’s entry their 12th consecutive. Their best finish to date has been seventh place in 2007.

Estonia men's national volleyball team
The Estonia men's national volleyball team (Estonian: Eesti meeste võrkpallikoondis) is controlled by the Estonian Volleyball Federation (Eesti Võrkpalli Liit) and represents Estonia in international volleyball competitions. The team has reached the European Championships seven times (2009, 2011, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2021, 2023).
Jana Novotná
Jana Novotná (Czech pronunciation: [ˈjana ˈnovotnaː]; 2 October 1968 – 19 November 2017) was a Czech professional tennis player. She was ranked world No. 2 in women's singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) in 1997, and as the world No. 1 in women's doubles for 67 weeks. Novotná won the women's singles title at Wimbledon in 1998, and was runner-up in three other singles majors. She also won twelve major women's doubles titles (completing a double career Grand Slam), four major mixed doubles titles, and three Olympic medals. Novotná played a serve and volley game, an increasingly rare style of play among women during her career.

Kimiko Date
Kimiko Date (伊達 公子, Date Kimiko; born 28 September 1970) is a Japanese former professional tennis player. She reached the semifinals of the 1994 Australian Open, the 1995 French Open and the 1996 Wimbledon Championships, and won the Japan Open a record four times. She reached a career-high ranking of world No. 4 in 1995, and first retired from professional tennis in November 1996.

Date returned to tennis nearly twelve years later, announcing an unexpected comeback in April 2008. She then won her eighth WTA Tour title at the 2009 Korea Open, becoming the second-oldest player in the Open era, after Billie Jean King, to win a singles title on the WTA Tour. In 2013, she won three WTA Tour titles in doubles and at the 2014 US Open, aged 43, she reached the semifinals of a Grand Slam doubles tournament for the first time in her career. Date announced her final retirement in September 2017.
Pinot blanc
Pinot blanc (French pronunciation: [pino blɑ̃] ⓘ) or Pinot bianco is a white wine grape. It is a point genetic mutation of Pinot noir. Pinot noir is genetically unstable and will occasionally experience a point mutation in which a vine bears all black fruit except for one cane which produces white fruit.

Grenache blanc
Grenache blanc (French pronunciation: [ɡʁənaʃ blɑ̃]; also known as garnatxa blanca in Catalonia) is a variety of white wine grape that is related to the red grape Grenache. It is mostly found in Rhône wine blends and in northeast Spain. Its wines are characterized by high alcohol and low acidity, with citrus and or herbaceous notes. Its vigor can lead to overproduction and flabbiness. However, if yields are controlled, it can contribute flavor and length to blends, particularly with Roussanne. Since the 1980s, it has been the fifth most widely planted white wine grape in France after Ugni blanc, Chardonnay, Semillon and Sauvignon blanc.
Pontypridd
Pontypridd (/ˌpɒntɪˈpriːð/ PON-tih-PREEDH, Welsh: [ˌpɔntəˈpriːð]), colloquially referred to as Ponty, is a town and a community in Rhondda Cynon Taf, South Wales, approximately 10 miles (16 km) north west of Cardiff city centre.

Caerphilly
Caerphilly (/kəˈfɪli/, /kɑːrˈfɪli/; Welsh: Caerffili, Welsh pronunciation: [ˌkairˈfɪli] ⓘ) is a town and community in Wales. It is situated at the southern end of the Rhymney Valley and separated from the Cardiff suburbs of Lisvane and Rhiwbina by Caerphilly Mountain.

It is 7 miles (11 km) north of Cardiff and 9.5 miles (15.3 km) west of Newport. It is the largest town in Caerphilly County Borough and lies within the historic borders of Glamorgan, on the border with Monmouthshire.  At the 2011 Census, the town had a population of 41,402 while the wider Caerphilly local authority area had a population of 178,806.
2022 World Athletics Indoor Championships
The 18th World Athletics Indoor Championships were held from 18 to 20 March 2022 in Belgrade, Serbia.

Ethiopia headed the medal table, with 4 gold medals. United States won the most medals, with 19, as well as getting the second highest number of golds, with 3.

2022 European Athletics Championships
The 2022 European Athletics Championships were the 25th edition of the European Athletics Championships and were held in Munich, Germany, from 15 to 21 August 2022.

They were part of the European Championships, a multi-sport tournament which brings together the existing European Championships of some of the continent's sports.

The venue Olympiastadion had previously hosted the Athletics events during the 1972 Summer Olympics.

Germany headed the medal table on 7 gold medals, while Great Britain, second on gold medals won with 6, won the most overall medals, 20.
AP European History
Advanced Placement (AP) European History (also known as AP Euro, APEH, or EHAP), is a course and examination offered by the College Board through the Advanced Placement Program. This course is for high school students who are interested in a first year university level course in European history. The course surveys European history from between 1450 and the present, focusing on religious, social, economic, and political themes. This course allows students to understand historical references rooted in literature and culture, one example being the historical epic novel and musical Les Misérables. There has been a slight yet noticeable decline in students taking this AP course. It's considered a more difficult course, with only 13% of students earning a 5 in 2025.

AP English Language and Composition
Advanced Placement (AP) English Language and Composition (also known as AP English Language, APENG, AP Lang, ELAP, AP English III, or APEL), colloquially known as Lang, is an American course and examination offered by the College Board as part of the Advanced Placement Program.
Kecskeméti TE
Kecskeméti Testedző Egyesület, commonly known as Kecskeméti TE or simply Kecskemét, is a sports club based in Kecskemét, Hungary. It is most famous for its football section which competes in the Nemzeti Bajnokság II from 2025–26, the second tier of Hungarian football after relegation from Nemzeti Bajnokság I in 2024–25. Kecskeméti TE's highest achievement to-date is winning the Magyar Kupa in the 2010–11 season, and gaining entry into the Europa League. The team won a silver medal right after its promotion back to the first league in 2022-23, earning the right to compete in the Europa Conference League qualification matches.

2024–25 Nemzeti Bajnokság I
The 2024–25 Nemzeti Bajnokság I (also known as 2024–25 OTP Bank Liga), also known as NB I, was the 126th season of top-tier football in Hungary. The league was officially named OTP Bank Liga for sponsorship reasons. The fixtures were announced on 20 June 2024. Ferencváros were the 35-time defending champions, having won the previous 6 titles consecutively. They defended their title on the last day of the season.
Tharu people
The Tharu people are an ethnic group living in the Terai in southern Nepal and northern India. They speak Tharu languages. They are recognized as an official ethnicity by the Government of Nepal. In the Indian Terai, they live foremost in Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. The Government of India recognizes the Tharu people as a scheduled Indian tribe.

Bhujel
Bhujel are a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group now living in Nepal, India, and Bhutan. They are scattered in several districts, mostly in Tanahu and Syangja. The inhabitants living near the Bhuji Khola river called Bhujel. Bhujel are divided into four subcastes – Bhujyal, Gharti, Nisel and Khawas.
Non-departmental public body
In the United Kingdom, non-departmental public body (NDPB) is a classification applied by the Cabinet Office, Treasury, the Scottish Government, and the Northern Ireland Executive to public sector organisations that have a role in the process of national government but are not part of a government department. NDPBs carry out their work largely independently from ministers and are accountable to the public through Parliament; however, ministers are responsible for the independence, effectiveness, and efficiency of non-departmental public bodies in their portfolio.

The term includes the four types of NDPB (executive, advisory, tribunal, and independent monitoring boards) but excludes public corporations and public broadcasters (BBC, Channel 4, and S4C).

Department for Education
The Department for Education (DfE) is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It is responsible for child protection, child services, education (compulsory, further, and higher education), apprenticeships, and wider skills in England.

A Department for Education previously existed between 1992, when the Department of Education and Science was renamed, and 1995, when it was merged with the Department for Employment to become the Department for Education and Employment.

The current holder of Secretary of State for Education is the Rt Hon Bridget Phillipson MP and Susan Acland-Hood is the permanent secretary.

The expenditure, administration, and policy of the Department of Education are scrutinised by the Education Select Committee.