hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Operation Provide Comfort
Operation Provide Comfort and Provide Comfort II were military operations initiated by the United States and other Coalition nations of the Persian Gulf War, starting in April 1991, to defend Kurdish refugees fleeing their homes in northern Iraq in the aftermath of the Gulf War, and to deliver humanitarian aid to them. The no-fly zone instituted to help bring this about would become one of the main factors allowing the development of the autonomous Kurdistan Region.

United States European Command
The United States European Command (EUCOM) is one of the eleven unified combatant commands of the United States military, headquartered in Stuttgart, Germany. Its area of focus covers 21,000,000 square miles (54,000,000 km2) and 51 countries and territories, including Europe, the Caucasus, and Russia. The Commander of the United States EUCOM simultaneously serves as the Supreme Allied Commander, Europe (SACEUR) within NATO, a military alliance. During the Gulf War and Operation Northern Watch, EUCOM controlled the forces flying from Incirlik Air Base.
Haplogroup N (mtDNA)
Haplogroup N is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) clade. A macrohaplogroup, its descendant lineages are distributed across many continents. Like its sibling macrohaplogroup M, macrohaplogroup N is a descendant of the haplogroup L3.

All mtDNA haplogroups found outside of Africa are descendants of either haplogroup N or its sibling haplogroup M. M and N are the signature maternal haplogroups that define the theory of the recent African origin of modern humans and subsequent early human migrations around the world. The global distribution of haplogroups N and M indicates that there was likely at least one major prehistoric migration of humans out of Africa, with both N and M later evolving outside the continent.

Haplogroup H (mtDNA)
Haplogroup H is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. The clade was believed to have originated in West Asia, near present-day Syria, around 20,000 to 25,000 years ago. However, a specimen has been found in South Italy from 28,000 years ago, in Paglicci Cave. Mitochondrial haplogroup H is today predominantly found in Europe, and is believed to have evolved before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). It first expanded in the northern Near East and Southern Caucasus, and later migrations from Iberia suggest that the clade reached Europe before the Last Glacial Maximum. The haplogroup has also spread from West Asia to parts of Africa, Siberia and Inner Asia. Today, around 40% of all maternal lineages in Europe belong to haplogroup H.
Liloan
Liloan, officially the Municipality of Liloan (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Liloan; Tagalog: Bayan ng Liloan),  is a municipality in the province of Cebu, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 158,387 people, making it the most populated municipality in Cebu and the whole Visayas.

Sogod, Cebu
Sogod, officially the Municipality of Sogod (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Sogod; Tagalog: Bayan ng Sogod), is a municipality located in the northeastern part of Cebu, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 40,746 people.
Milan Michálek
Milan Michálek (/mɪˈkælɛk/; Czech pronunciation: [ˈmɪlan ˈmɪxaːlɛk]; born 7 December 1984) is a Czech former professional ice hockey left winger who most recently played under contract to the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted sixth overall by the San Jose Sharks in the 2003 NHL entry draft.

His older brother is Zbyněk Michálek, a defenceman who last played in the NHL within the Arizona Coyotes organization.

Tobias Lindberg
Tobias Lindberg (born 22 July 1995) is a Swedish professional ice hockey winger who is currently playing with Eispiraten Crimmitschau of the DEL2. He has previously played in the HockeyAllsvenskan (Allsv), and in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Toronto Maple Leafs. Lindberg was a member of the 2015 Memorial Cup champion Oshawa Generals.
Auto racing
Auto racing (also known as car racing, motor racing, or automobile racing) is a motorsport involving the racing of automobiles for competition. In North America, the term is commonly used to describe all forms of automobile sport including non-racing disciplines.

Auto racing has existed since the invention of the automobile. Races of various types were organized, with the first recorded as early as 1867. Many of the earliest events were effectively reliability trials, aimed at proving these new machines were a practical mode of transport, but soon became an important way for automobile makers to demonstrate their machines. By the 1930s, specialist racing cars had developed.

There are now numerous different categories, each with different rules and regulations.

AF Corse
AF Corse is an Italian auto racing team founded by former racing driver Amato Ferrari in 1995 in Piacenza.  Strongly linked to the Maserati and Ferrari brands, AF Corse currently competes in the FIA World Endurance Championship, GT World Challenge Europe, European Le Mans Series, Asian Le Mans Series, and International GT Open, and are four-time champions of the GT2 class of the former FIA GT Championship. The team has also entered cars under Advanced Engineering, AT Racing, PeCom Racing, Spirit of Race, Formula Racing, 8Star Motorsports and MR Racing, and in association with Michael Waltrip Racing (AF Waltrip).
David Baker (composer)
David Nathaniel Baker Jr. (December 21, 1931 – March 26, 2016) was an American jazz composer, conductor, and musician from Indianapolis, as well as a professor of jazz studies at the Indiana University Jacobs School of Music. Baker is best known as an educator and founder of the jazz studies program. From 1991 to 2012, he was conductor and musical and artistic director for the Smithsonian Jazz Masterworks Orchestra. He has more than 65 recordings, 70 books, and 400 articles to his credit.

He received the James Smithson Medal from the Smithsonian Institution, an American Jazz Masters Award, a National Association of Jazz Educators Hall of Fame Award, a Sagamore of the Wabash award, and a Governor's Arts Award from the State of Indiana. Baker also held leadership positions in several arts and music associations. The Indiana Historical Society named Baker an Indiana Living Legend in 2001. The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts named him a Living Jazz Legend in 2007.

Jamey Aebersold
Wilton Jameson "Jamey" Aebersold (born July 21, 1939) is an American publisher, educator, and jazz saxophonist. His Play-A-Long series of instructional books and CDs, using the chord-scale system, the first of which was released in 1967, are an internationally renowned resource for jazz education. His summer workshops have educated students of all ages since the 1960s.
San Martín del Rey Aurelio
San Martín del Rey Aurelio (Asturian: Samartín del Rei Aurelio) is a municipality of the Autonomous Community of the Principality of Asturias in northern Spain.

There are three main towns in the municipality: Sotrondio, El Entrego, and Blimea, and many villages, such as Santa Bárbara and La Hueria.

Langreo
Langreo (Spanish pronunciation: [laŋˈɡɾeo]) or Llangréu (Asturian pronunciation: [ʎaŋˈɣɾew], locally [ʎaŋˈɣɾeo]) (Asturian) is a town and municipality in the Principality of Asturias in Spain. With a population of 38,265 as of 2024, it is the 4th-largest municipality of Asturias.

Langreo is located in the centre of Asturias, approximately 20 kilometres (12 miles) south-east of Oviedo. It was an important mining and metallurgical center.
Hassanal Bolkiah Trophy
The Hassanal Bolkiah Trophy for ASEAN Youth Football Championship, is the football tournament for youth players in Southeast Asia. It was opened to football players from ASEAN member states under the age of 21 years to participate in this.

The tournament is organised by National Football Association of Brunei Darussalam in collaboration with ASEAN Football Federation. Brunei Darussalam always host for the tournament. The tournament was first launched in 2002.

The next tournament is scheduled to run in 2025, as plans for an edition in 2020 and 2022 were scrapped.

2014 Hassanal Bolkiah Trophy
The 2014 Hassanal Bolkiah Trophy was the fifth edition of the invitational tournament hosted by Brunei. The tournament take place in Brunei from 9–23 August 2014. Eleven teams from the Asean Football Federation participate in the tournament for under the age of 22. The draw took place on 12 July 2014 at the National Football Association of Brunei Darussalam (NFABD) House. The teams are divided into two groups. Host country, Brunei, were given a chance to choose which group they wished to be drawn in. Brunei chose to be drawn in group B. Indonesia was to confirm its participation in the tournament but was not included in the initial draw. Indonesia's participation was later confirmed by the National Football Association of Brunei Darussalam on 20 July and a second draw was held on 22 July to include Indonesia. Indonesia send its U19 team.

Myanmar emerged as the champion after beating Vietnam by 4–3 in the final, while both Malaysia and Thailand shared the third place.
1931–32 La Liga
1931–32 La Liga season started November 22, 1931, and finished April 3, 1932. As the Spanish Second Republic was established preceding the season, all the applicable clubs dropped the Royal patronage from their names and remove the crowns from their crests.

Athletic Bilbao was the defending champion. Madrid FC won its first title after finishing the season unbeaten. Valencia took part for the first time.

1932–33 La Liga
The 1932–33 La Liga season began on 27 November 1932 and finished on 28 March 1933. Holders Madrid FC retained their title.

Betis became the first club from Andalusia to compete in La Liga during this season.
Abheri
Abheri (pronounced ābhēri) is a raga in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a Janya raga (derived scale), whose Melakarta raga (parent, also known as janaka) is Kharaharapriya, 22nd in the 72 Melakarta raga system.

Bhimpalasi (or Bheempalas) and Dhanashree of Hindustani music sounds close to Abheri.

Carnatic raga
A Carnatic raga (ರಾಗ , రాగం , ராகம் , രാഗം , ରାଗ) refers to ragas used in Carnatic music. It has several components: a primordial sound (nāda), tonal system (swara), pitch (śruti), scale, ornaments (gamaka), and important tones.
Blue straggler
A blue straggler is a type of star that is more luminous and bluer than expected.  Typically identified in a stellar cluster, they have a higher effective temperature than the main sequence turnoff point for the cluster, where ordinary stars begin to evolve towards the red giant branch. Blue stragglers were first discovered by Allan Sandage in 1953 while performing photometry of the stars in the globular cluster M3.

Metallicity
In astronomy, metallicity is the abundance of elements present in an object that are heavier than hydrogen and helium. Most of the normal currently detectable (i.e. non-dark) matter in the universe is either hydrogen or helium, and astronomers use the word metals as convenient shorthand for all elements except hydrogen and helium. This word-use is distinct from the conventional chemical or physical definition of a metal as an electrically conducting element. Stars and nebulae with relatively high abundances of heavier elements are called metal-rich when discussing metallicity, even though many of those elements are called nonmetals in chemistry.
Calcium carbonate
Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CaCO3. It is a common substance found in rocks as the minerals calcite and aragonite, most notably in chalk and limestone, eggshells, gastropod shells, shellfish skeletons and pearls. Materials containing much calcium carbonate or resembling it are described as calcareous. Calcium carbonate is the active ingredient in agricultural lime.  Limescale is calcium carbonate produced when calcium ions in hard water react with carbonate ions. Calcium carbonate has medical use as a calcium supplement or as an antacid, but excessive consumption can be hazardous and cause hypercalcemia and digestive issues.

Exoskeleton
An exoskeleton (from Ancient Greek  έξω (éxō) 'outer' and  σκελετός (skeletós) 'skeleton') is a skeleton that is on the exterior of an animal in the form of hardened integument, which both supports the body's shape and protects the internal organs, in contrast to an internal endoskeleton (e.g. that of a human) which is enclosed underneath other soft tissues. Some large, hard and non-flexible protective exoskeletons are known as shell or armour.

Examples of exoskeletons in animals include the cuticle skeletons shared by arthropods (insects, chelicerates, myriapods and crustaceans) and tardigrades, as well as the skeletal cups formed by hardened secretion of stony corals, the test/tunic of sea squirts and sea urchins, and the prominent mollusc shell shared by snails, clams, tusk shells, chitons and nautilus. Some vertebrate animals, such as the turtle, have both an endoskeleton and a protective exoskeleton.
Germans of Croatia
Germans of Croatia (German: Deutsche in Kroatien; Croatian: Nijemci u Hrvatskoj) or Croatian Germans (German: Kroatiendeutsche; Croatian: hrvatski Nijemci) are citizens of Croatia with partial or full German ancestry. In Croatia, there are over 2,900 people who consider themselves German, most of these Danube Swabians. Germans are officially recognized as an autochthonous national minority, and as such, they elect a special representative to the Croatian Parliament, shared with members of eleven other national minorities. They are mainly concentrated in the area around Osijek (German: Esseg) in eastern Slavonia.

Turks in Croatia
Turks of Croatia, also referred to as Turkish Croatians or Croatian Turks, (Croatian: Turci u Hrvatskoj; Turkish: Hırvatistan Türkleri) are one among 22 recognised national minorities in Croatia. According to the 2021 census, there were 404 Turks living in Croatia, most of which most lived in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County and later in the City of Zagreb. Only 368 native Turkish-language speakers live in that country.

Turks compose approximately 0.01% of the total population. The majority of Croatian Turks are Sunni Muslims, and make up 0.6% of Croatia's Muslim population (50,981 Muslims in total).
MxPx
MxPx (/ˌɛmɛksˈpiːɛks/) is an American punk rock band from Bremerton, Washington, formed in 1992 as Magnified Plaid. The lineup currently consists of Mike Herrera (bass guitar, lead vocals), Yuri Ruley (drums, percussion), Tom Wisniewski (lead guitar, backing vocals), and Chris Adkins (rhythm guitar, backing vocals). The band's discography includes twelve studio albums, four EPs, four compilation albums, a live album, a VHS tape, a DVD and 20 singles. A number of the group's releases have charted on Billboard, including the Billboard 200 and No. 1 on Billboard Christian Albums.

Face to Face (punk band)
Face to Face is a punk rock band from Victorville, California, formed in 1991 by frontman Trever Keith, bassist Matt Riddle and drummer Rob Kurth. The band rose to fame with their 1995 album Big Choice, featuring the radio hit "Disconnected" which received heavy rotation on KROQ radio in Los Angeles and appeared in the movies Tank Girl and National Lampoon's Senior Trip.

Face to Face officially split up in September 2004, allowing the band members time to focus on other projects.  During that time all the band members played in a number of post-Face to Face projects including Legion of Doom, Me First and the Gimme Gimmes, The Offspring and Saves the Day. In April 2008, after a four-year hiatus, Face to Face performed together for the first time at The Glasshouse in Pomona, California. Since then, the band has continued to perform and has released five more studio albums to date.
Hangzhou
Hangzhou is the capital city and most populous city of Zhejiang province, China, situated at the intersection of the southern terminus of the Grand Canal and the head of Hangzhou Bay.: 86  Renowned as one of the Eight Ancient Capitals of China, Hangzhou is celebrated for its cultural heritage and its West Lake, a UNESCO World Heritage site.

Established as a county seat in 221 BC, Hangzhou later served as the capital of the Wuyue Kingdom (923–997) and the Southern Song dynasty (1138–1276). The city has three UNESCO World Heritage Sites, which are the West Lake Cultural Landscape, the Grand Canal, and the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City.

Hangzhou is designated as a sub-provincial city. Hangzhou ranked ninth in GDP among mainland Chinese cities and 14th according to the Global Innovation Index. The city hosts the headquarters of Alibaba Group, Ant Group, DeepSeek, Geely, and NetEase. According to the Nature Index, it ranks 10th globally in scientific research output.

Yantai
37°27′53″N 121°26′52″E﻿ / ﻿37.4646°N 121.4478°E﻿ / 37.4646; 121.4478

Yantai, formerly known by the Europeans as Chefoo, is a coastal prefecture-level city on the Shandong Peninsula in China. Lying on the southern coast of the Bohai Strait, Yantai borders Qingdao on the southwest and Weihai on the east, with sea access to both the Bohai Sea (via the Laizhou Bay and the Bohai Strait) and the Yellow Sea (from both north and south sides of the Shandong Peninsula).  It is the largest fishing seaport in Shandong.  Its population was 7,102,116 during the 2020 census, of whom 3,184,299 lived in the built-up area made up of the 5 urban districts of Zhifu, Laishan, Fushan, Muping, and Penglai.
Cuban cuisine
Cuban cuisine is largely based on Spanish cuisine with influence from Amerindian, African and other Caribbean cuisines. Some Cuban recipes share spices and techniques with Spanish, Taíno and African cooking, with some Caribbean influence in spice and flavor. This results in a blend of several different cultural influences. A small but noteworthy Chinese influence can also be accounted for, mainly in the Havana area. There is also some Italian influence. During colonial times, Cuba was an important port for trade, and the Spanish ancestors of Cubans brought with them the culinary traditions of different parts of Spain.

Ropa vieja
Ropa vieja (English: /ˈroʊpə viˈeɪhə/, Spanish: [ˈropa ˈβjexa]; lit. 'old clothes') is a dish with regional variations in Spain, Latin America and the Philippines. It normally includes some form of stewed beef and tomatoes with a sofrito base. Originating in Spain, it is known today as one of the national dishes of Cuba. The name ropa vieja probably originates from the fact that it was often prepared using food left over from other meals, although it has been suggested that the name comes from the "tattered appearance" of the meat.
South Florida
South Florida, sometimes colloquially shortened to SoFlo, is the southernmost region of the U.S. state of Florida. It is one of Florida's three most commonly referred to directional regions; the two others are Central Florida and North Florida. South Florida is the southernmost part of the continental United States and the only region of the continental U.S. that includes some areas with a tropical climate.

South Florida is dominated by the Miami metropolitan area and the Everglades. It also contains the Florida Keys; three U.S. national parks: Biscayne, Dry Tortugas, and Everglades; and multiple cities.

Southwest Florida
Southwest Florida is the region along the southwest Gulf coast of the U.S. state of Florida. The area is known for its beaches, subtropical landscape, and winter resort economy.

Definitions of the region vary, though its boundaries are generally considered to put it south of the Tampa Bay area, west of Lake Okeechobee, and mostly north of the Everglades and to include Manatee, Sarasota, Charlotte, Lee, and Collier counties. For some purposes, the inland counties of DeSoto, Glades, and Hendry, and the thinly populated mainland section of Monroe County, south of Collier, are also included.

The region includes four metropolitan areas: the North Port-Bradenton-Sarasota MSA, the Cape Coral-Fort Myers MSA, the Naples-Marco Island MSA, and the Punta Gorda MSA. The most populous county in the region is Lee County (760,822 population), and the region's largest city is Cape Coral with a population of 194,016 as of 2020.
Salatiga
Salatiga (Javanese: ꦯꦭꦠꦶꦒ) is a city in Central Java province, Indonesia. It covers an area of 54.98 km2 (21.23 sq mi) and had a population of 192,322 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 198,971 (comprising 98,571 males and 100,400 females). Located between the cities of Semarang and Surakarta, and administratively an independent city enclaved within Semarang Regency, it sits at the foot of Mount Merbabu (3,142 m (10,308 ft)) and Mount Telomoyo, and has a relatively cool climate due to its elevated position. Salatiga is a part of the Semarang metropolitan area.

Boyolali Regency
Boyolali (Javanese: ꦧꦺꦴꦪꦭꦭꦶ, romanized: Boyalali, lit. 'Don't forget') is a regency (Indonesian: kabupaten) in the eastern part of Central Java province in Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,096.61 km2, and had a population of 930,531 at the 2010 census and 1,062,713 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 1,099,850 (comprising 552,325 males and 547,525 females). The administrative centre is the town of Boyolali.
Death (metal band)
Death was an American death metal band formed in Altamonte Springs, Florida, in 1983 by guitarist Chuck Schuldiner (who later became the band's sole vocalist), drummer/vocalist Kam Lee and guitarist Rick Rozz. Formed out of what would become the Florida death metal scene, Death is considered a pioneering band in death metal. The band's 1987 debut album, Scream Bloody Gore, has been widely regarded as one of the first death metal records, alongside the first records from Possessed and Necrophagia.

Death had a fluctuating lineup, with Schuldiner, aside from a European tour, being the sole consistent member. The group's style progressed from the raw sound on its first two albums to a more complex one in its later stage. The band disbanded after Schuldiner died of glioma and pneumonia in December 2001, but remains an enduring influence on death metal.

Pestilence (band)
Pestilence is a Dutch death metal band founded in Enschede in 1986. They have been through various membership changes throughout their existence, with guitarist-vocalist Patrick Mameli as the sole constant member. After disbanding in order to pursue other musical directions in 1994, Pestilence reunited in 2008, and was put on a "permanent hold" in July 2014. However, the band reunited once again in October 2016. To date, Pestilence has released ten studio albums, and they are one of technical death metal's "big four", along with Death, Atheist, and Cynic.
BMT West End Line
The BMT West End Line is a line of the New York City Subway, serving the Brooklyn communities of Sunset Park, Borough Park, New Utrecht, Bensonhurst, Bath Beach and Coney Island. The D train operates local on the entire line at all times. There is a center express track and three express stations along the line, but there is no regular express service. The center track is used during the morning rush hour by one southbound R train and two southbound W trains.

The elevated line, originally mapped as the New Utrecht Avenue Line (though the common name prevailed after construction), replaced the surface West End Line.

BMT Brooklyn Loops
The Nassau Street Loop, also called the Nassau Loop, was a service pattern of the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT) inaugurated in 1931 when the BMT Nassau Street Line was completed, providing a physical link that allowed a train to originate in Brooklyn, run through Lower Manhattan and return to Brooklyn without having to terminate and reverse the direction of the train. Nassau Loop services have not been able to operate since 1967, when the Loop line's connection to the Manhattan Bridge was severed.

The Centre Street Loop was a similar service proposal that was never completed. Together, they are referred to as the BMT Brooklyn Loops.