hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Master of Science
A Master of Science (Latin: Magister Scientiae), abbreviated as MS, MSc, SM, or ScM, is a master's degree. It usually focuses on developing advanced knowledge and analytical skills within a specific scientific, technical, or professional field. It typically emphasizes research, quantitative methods, and critical thinking, combining theoretical foundations with practical application to prepare graduates for specialized careers, doctoral study, or professional advancement.

The Master of Science degree was first introduced and awarded by the University of Michigan in 1858.

Air Force Institute of Technology
The Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) is a postgraduate institution and provider of professional and continuing education for the United States Armed Forces and is part of the United States Air Force. It is in Ohio at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, near Dayton. AFIT is a component of the Air University and Air Education and Training Command.
Volkhov (river)
The Volkhov (/ˈvɔːlxɒv/ VAWL-khov; Russian: Волхов [ˈvoɫxəf]; Veps: Olhav) is a river in Novgorodsky and Chudovsky Districts of Novgorod Oblast and Kirishsky and Volkhovsky Districts of Leningrad Oblast in northwestern Russia. The Volkhov, which forms part of the basin of the Neva, is the only outflow of Lake Ilmen, and connects it with Lake Ladoga. The length of the Volkhov is 224 kilometres (139 mi), and the area of its drainage basin is 80,200 square kilometres (31,000 sq mi). The city of Veliky Novgorod, the towns of Kirishi, Volkhov and Novaya Ladoga, and the historically important village of Staraya Ladoga are located along the Volkhov.

Volkhov Front
The Volkhov Front (Russian: Волховский фронт) was a major formation of the Red Army during the first period of the Second World War. It was formed as an expediency of an early attempt to halt the advance of the Wehrmacht Army Group North in its offensive thrust towards Leningrad. Initially the front operated to the south of Leningrad, with its flank on Lake Ladoga.
Frederick County, Maryland
Frederick County is located in Maryland, United States. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the population was 271,717. The county seat is Frederick. The county is part of the Capital region of the state.

Like other outlying sections of the Washington metropolitan area, Frederick County has experienced a rapid population increase since the 1980s. It borders the southern border of Pennsylvania and the northeastern border of Virginia.

Catoctin Mountain Park in the county is the location of Camp David, a U.S. presidential retreat, and Fort Detrick, a U.S. Army base.

Monocacy River
The Monocacy River (/məˈnɒkəsi/) is a free-flowing left tributary to the Potomac River, which empties into the Atlantic Ocean via the Chesapeake Bay. The river is 58.5 miles (94.1 km) long, with a drainage area of about 970 square miles (2,500 km2). It is the largest Maryland tributary to the Potomac.

The name "Monocacy" comes from the Shawnee name for the river Monnockkesey, which translates to "river with many bends." (However, another local tradition asserts that "Monocacy" means "well-fenced garden" in an Indian language.)

The Monocacy National Battlefield lies alongside part of the river, marking an 1864 engagement during the American Civil War, the Battle of Monocacy Junction. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal crosses over the river at the Monocacy Aqueduct, the largest of the 11 aqueducts on the canal.

Confluence of Monocacy and Potomac Rivers by the Monocacy Aqueduct
Province of Posen
The Province of Posen (German: Provinz Posen; Polish: Prowincja Poznańska) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1848 to 1920, occupying most of the historical Greater Poland. The province was established following the Poznań Uprising of 1848 as a successor to the Grand Duchy of Posen, which in turn was annexed by Prussia in 1815 from Duchy of Warsaw. It became part of the German Empire in 1871. After World War I, Posen was briefly part of the Free State of Prussia within Weimar Germany, but was dissolved in 1920 after the Greater Poland Uprising broke out and most of its territory was incorporated into the Second Polish Republic. The remaining German territory was re-organized into Posen-West Prussia in 1922.

Posen (present-day Poznań, Poland) was the provincial capital.

Second Partition of Poland
The 1793 Second Partition of Poland was the second of three partitions (or partial annexations) that ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The second partition occurred in the aftermath of the Polish–Russian War of 1792 and the Targowica Confederation of 1792, and was approved by its territorial beneficiaries, the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia. The division was ratified by the coerced Polish parliament (Sejm) in 1793 (see the Grodno Sejm) in a short-lived attempt to prevent the inevitable complete annexation of Poland, the Third Partition.
V. V. Vinayak
Gandrothu Veera Venkata Vinayaka Rao, better known as V. V. Vinayak (born 9 October 1974), is an Indian film director and screenwriter known for his work in Telugu cinema. He is recognised for directing action dramas and action comedies.

Vinayak made his directorial debut with Aadi (2002), which was a commercial blockbuster. His work on the film earned him the Nandi Award for Best First Film of a Director. In 2003, he directed two successful films, Dil and Tagore. Tagore became a major box office success, setting records and emerging as the second highest-grossing Telugu film of its time.

He continued to deliver successful films, including Bunny (2005), Lakshmi (2006), Krishna (2008), Adhurs (2010), Naayak (2013), and Khaidi No. 150 (2017). In 2013, Vinayak also directed a short film to promote organ donation.

Chota K. Naidu
Chota K. Naidu (born 3 July 1962) is an Indian cinematographer known for his work primarily in Telugu cinema. Naidu has received two state Nandi Awards for his work in Anji (2004) and Kotha Bangaru Lokam (2008), along with two Filmfare Awards South for Kotha Bangaru Lokam and Damarukam (2012).

His contributions as a Director of Photography (DOP) in Telugu, Tamil, and Hindi films, as well as in television, have been widely appreciated over the past 30 years. He is a member of the Indian Society of Cinematographers, the South Indian Cinematographers Association, and the Telugu Cinematographers Association.
Thenmerku Paruvakaatru
Thenmerku Paruvakatru (transl. Southwest Monsoon Breeze) is a 2010 Indian Tamil-language drama film written and directed by Seenu Ramasamy and produced by Shibu Issac. The film is named after a song composed by A. R. Rahman for the 1994 film Karuthamma. It stars Vijay Sethupathi (in his lead debut), Vasundhara Kashyap and Saranya Ponvannan in her 100th film. The music was composed by debutant N. R. Raghunanthan with cinematography by Chezhiyan and editing by Mu. Kasivishwanathan.

Thenmerku Paruvakkaatru was released on 24 December 2010. The film won multiple awards at the 58th National Film Awards ceremony, including Best Tamil Feature Film while Saranya and lyricist Vairamuthu were awarded the Best Actress and Best Lyricist prizes, respectively.

Neerparavai
Neerparavai (transl. Seabird) is a 2012 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed and co-written by Seenu Ramasamy, and produced by Udhayanidhi Stalin. It stars Vishnu Vishal and Sunaina, while Nandita Das plays the older version of the latter's character. Saranya Ponvannan, P. Samuthirakani, Varsha Ashwathi, and Anupama Kumar play supporting roles. The music is composed by N. R. Raghunanthan with cinematography by Balasubramaniem and editing by Kasi Viswanathan. The film was released on 30 November 2012. Saranya won the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Tamil for her performance
CCC Pro Team
CCC Pro Team (UCI team code: CCC) was a UCI WorldTeam co-owned and managed by American cyclist Jim Ochowicz, who founded the 7-Eleven Cycling Team. After its last title sponsor, CCC, a Polish shoe retailer, pulled out due to financial difficulties resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, Ochowicz was unable to find another major sponsor, so the team disbanded at the end of the 2020 season. In its place, Belgian UCI ProTeam Circus–Wanty Gobert took over the team's license and was promoted to a UCI WorldTeam.

Katusha–Alpecin
Katusha–Alpecin (Russian: Катюша, UCI team code: TKA) was a Russian (later Swiss) road bicycle racing team which competed at the UCI WorldTeam level using Canyon bikes. The team was created in 2008 by Igor Makarov, an ex-professional cyclist and entrepreneur. In 2017 the team took a broader international direction, still supported by Igor Makarov's company ARETI International Group, Swiss clothing company Katusha Sports and German shampoo manufacturer Alpecin. The team competed as a UCI ProTeam/WorldTour team between 2009 and 2019. Joaquim Rodríguez, Alexander Kristoff, Daniel Moreno, Simon Špilak, Filippo Pozzato, Luca Paolini, Ilnur Zakarin and Tony Martin are some of the most successful riders who rode for Katusha.

In 2019, the team was taken over by Israel Cycling Academy, along with its UCI World Tour license.
Tri-City Dust Devils
The Tri-City Dust Devils are a Minor League Baseball team based in Pasco, Washington. The Dust Devils are members of the Northwest League and are the High-A affiliate of the Los Angeles Angels. Tri-City plays their home games at Gesa Stadium, which opened in 1995 and has a seating capacity of 3,654.

El Paso Chihuahuas
The El Paso Chihuahuas are a Minor League Baseball team based in El Paso, Texas. The Chihuahuas compete in the Pacific Coast League (PCL) as the Triple-A affiliate of the San Diego Padres. The team plays its home games at Southwest University Park, which opened in 2014. The Chihuahuas moved to El Paso from Tucson, Arizona, where they were known as the Tucson Padres. The team played in the PCL until the 2021 restructuring of the minor leagues when they shifted to the Triple-A West, but this league was renamed the PCL in 2022. The Chihuahuas won the PCL championship in 2016.
Gunma Prefecture
Gunma Prefecture (群馬県, Gunma-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [ɡɯꜜm.ma, ɡɯm.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Gunma Prefecture has a population of 1,937,626 (1 October 2019) and has a geographic area of 6,362 square kilometres (2,456 sq mi). Gunma Prefecture borders Niigata Prefecture and Fukushima Prefecture to the north, Nagano Prefecture to the southwest, Saitama Prefecture to the south, and Tochigi Prefecture to the east.

Maebashi is the capital and Takasaki is the largest city of Gunma Prefecture, with other major cities including Ōta, Isesaki, and Kiryū. Gunma Prefecture is one of only eight landlocked prefectures, located on the northwestern corner of the Kantō Plain with 14% of its total land being designated as natural parks.

Miyazaki Prefecture
Miyazaki Prefecture (宮崎県, Miyazaki-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [mʲi.jaꜜ.(d)za.kʲi, -ja.(d)za.kʲi̥ꜜ.keɴ, -(d)zaꜜ.kʲi̥.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyūshū. Miyazaki Prefecture has a population of 1,028,215 as of 1 January 2025 and has a geographic area of 7,735 km2 (2,986 sq mi). Miyazaki Prefecture borders Ōita Prefecture to the north, Kumamoto Prefecture to the northwest, and Kagoshima Prefecture to the southwest.

Miyazaki is the capital and largest city of Miyazaki Prefecture, with other major cities including Miyakonojō, Nobeoka, and Hyūga. Miyazaki Prefecture is located in southeastern Kyūshū on Japan's Pacific coast, with its coastline extending from Nobeoka near the entrance to the Bungo Channel to Shibushi Bay in Kushima.
Chat Noir
59°54′48.98″N 10°43′55.83″E﻿ / ﻿59.9136056°N 10.7321750°E﻿ / 59.9136056; 10.7321750

Chat Noir (French for 'black cat') is a cabaret and revue theatre in Oslo, Norway. It was established in 1912 by Bokken Lasson. The current director is Tom Sterri.

Det Nye Teater
Det Nye Teater was a theatre that opened in Oslo, Norway, in 1929, and operated independently until 1959, when it merged with Folketeatret to form Oslo Nye Teater. Its original purpose was to support contemporary Norwegian drama.
Iran national under-23 football team
Iran national under-23 football team, also known as Iran U-23 or Iran Olympic Team; represents Iran in international football competitions in Olympic Games, Asian Games and AFC U-22 Asian Cup, as well as any other under-23 international football tournaments. It is controlled by the Iran Football Federation.

China national under-23 football team
The China national under-23 football team, also known as the China Olympic team (国奥队), represents the People's Republic of China in international football competitions in the Olympic Games, Asian Games, as well as any other under-23 international football tournaments. It is governed by the Chinese Football Association (CFA). It combines two teams: China U-23 national team and China U-21 selection team.
Arisa Hoshiki
Arisa Hoshiki (星輝ありさ, Hoshiki Arisa; born October 13, 1995) is a Japanese singer, songwriter, retired professional wrestler, and former shoot boxer. In professional wrestling, she worked in the World Wonder Ring Stardom promotion, where she was Wonder of Stardom Champion, the promotion's secondary title. She vacated the championship on May 20, 2020, after she retired due to injury. Since 2018, Hoshiki had performed in the band Unlimited Dream Navigator, under the name Udon Sato (うどん佐藤), as part of which she performed her wrestling theme song. The band disbanded in 2021.

AZM (wrestler)
AZM, shortened from Azumi (あずみ; born October 1, 2002), is a Japanese professional wrestler, signed to World Wonder Ring Stardom where she is a member of the Neo Genesis faction. She also makes appearances for Stardom's sister promotion New Japan Pro-Wrestling under its Strong banner, where she is a former Strong Women's Champion.

She was previously a member of the Queen's Quest faction and its third, and assumed de facto, leader until Utami Hayashishita took over the group. She was in the faction for a total of seven years, having joined in February 2017 when she was brought in by Io Shirai until getting exiled in June 2024 after she took the fall in an elimination tag match against Oedo Tai.
India Meteorological Department
India Meteorological Department (IMD) is an Indian agency of the Ministry of Earth Sciences of the Government of India. It is the principal agency responsible for meteorological observations, weather forecasting and seismology. IMD is headquartered in Delhi and operates hundreds of observation stations across India and Antarctica. Regional offices are at Chennai, Mumbai, Kolkata, Nagpur, Guwahati and New Delhi.

IMD is also one of the six Regional Specialised Meteorological Centres of the World Meteorological Organisation. It has the responsibility for forecasting, naming and distribution of warnings for tropical cyclones in the Northern Indian Ocean region, including the Malacca Straits, the Bay of B

Indian subcontinent
The Indian subcontinent is a physiographic region of Asia below the Himalayas which projects into the Indian Ocean between the Bay of Bengal to the east and the Arabian Sea to the west. It is now divided between Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan.  Although the terms "Indian subcontinent" and "South Asia" are often also used interchangeably to denote a wider region which includes, in addition, Bhutan, the Maldives, Nepal and Sri Lanka, the "Indian subcontinent" is more of a geophysical term, whereas "South Asia" is more geopolitical.  "South Asia" frequently also includes Afghanistan, which is not  considered part of the subcontinent even in extended usage.
Alternate history
Alternate history (or alternative history, allohistory, althist, or simply A.H.) is a subgenre of speculative fiction in which one or more historical events happen differently than in real history. As conjecture based upon historical fact, alternate history stories propose "what if?" scenarios about pivotal events in human history, and present outcomes very different from the historical record. Some alternate histories are considered a subgenre of science fiction, or historical fiction.

Since the 1950s, as a subgenre of science fiction, some alternative history stories have featured the tropes of time travel between histories, the psychic awareness of the existence of an alternative universe by the inhabitants of a given universe, and time travel that divides history into various timestreams.

Poul Anderson
Poul William Anderson (/ˈpoʊəl/ POH-əl; November 25, 1926 – July 31, 2001) was an American fantasy and science fiction author who was active from the 1940s until his death in 2001. Anderson also wrote historical novels. He won the Hugo Award seven times and the Nebula Award three times, and was nominated many more times for awards.
2015 UK Open
The 2015 Coral UK Open was a darts tournament staged by the Professional Darts Corporation. It was the thirteenth year of the tournament where, following numerous regional qualifying heats throughout Britain, players competing in a single elimination tournament to be crowned champion. The tournament was held for the second time at the Butlin's Resort in Minehead, England, between 6–8 March 2015, and had the nickname, "the FA Cup of darts" as a random draw was staged after each round until the final.

Adrian Lewis was the defending champion, having won the fourth major title of his career after beating Terry Jenkins 11–1 in the 2014 final. This year however, he was defeated in the third round after losing 9–3 to Raymond van Barneveld. Michael van Gerwen won his first UK Open title by defeating Peter Wright 11–5 in the final.

2015 PDC World Cup of Darts
The 2015 PDC World Cup of Darts, known as the 2015 bwin World Cup of Darts for sponsorship reasons, was the fifth edition of the PDC World Cup of Darts which took place between 11–14 June 2015 at the Eissporthalle in Frankfurt, Germany.

The Netherlands pairing of Michael van Gerwen and Raymond van Barneveld were the defending champions, but they were defeated in the semi-finals by Scotland's Gary Anderson and Peter Wright.

England with Phil Taylor and Adrian Lewis won their third title in the event by defeating Scotland's Anderson and Wright 3–2 in the final.
Michal Mertiňák
Michal Mertiňák (born 11 October 1979) is a retired professional tennis player from Slovakia. He turned professional in 1999, and has won six doubles titles in his career on the ATP Tour. He reached his career high doubles ranking of World No. 12 in February 2010. He played in the 2005 Davis Cup for Slovakia, who finished runner-up to Croatia. Mertiňák played two ties in the final, including losing the deciding fifth rubber to Mario Ančić.

From 2009 until 2010 his doubles partner was Czech František Čermák. He won five tournaments with him in the 2009 season. Subsequently he partnered up with André Sá.

Filip Polášek
Filip Polášek (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈfilip ˈpɔlaːʂek]; born 21 July 1985) is an inactive Slovak professional tennis player who specialises in doubles. He reached his highest doubles ranking of world No. 7 in February 2020, and has won 17 titles on the ATP Tour.
He was forced to retire in 2013 due to health issues, but returned in 2018 and began the most successful phase of his career. Polášek won his first Grand Slam title at the 2021 Australian Open alongside Ivan Dodig, and also won the 2019 Cincinnati Masters and 2021 Indian Wells Masters, with Dodig and John Peers respectively. Polášek was the first Slovak man to reach, or win a major doubles final. He also reached the semifinals at the 2019 Wimbledon Championships, 2020 Australian Open and 2021 US Open. He qualified for the ATP Finals in both 2019 and 2021. Polášek has represented Slovakia in the Davis Cup since 2008, and also competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics partnering Lukáš Klein.
Dysphoria
Dysphoria (from Ancient Greek  δύσφορος (dúsphoros) 'grievous'; from  δυσ- (dus-) 'bad, difficult' and  φέρω (phérō) 'to bear') is a profound state of unease or dissatisfaction. It is the semantic opposite of euphoria. In a psychiatric context, dysphoria may accompany depression, anxiety, or agitation.

Mu-opioid receptor
The μ-opioid receptors (using the Greek letter mu, abbreviated MOR) are a class of opioid receptors with a high affinity for enkephalins and beta-endorphin, but a low affinity for dynorphins. They are also referred to as μ(mu)-opioid peptide (MOP) receptors. The prototypical μ-opioid receptor agonist is morphine, the primary psychoactive alkaloid in opium and for which the receptor was named, with mu being the first letter of Morpheus, the compound's namesake in the original Greek. It is an inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor that activates the Gi alpha subunit, inhibiting adenylate cyclase activity, lowering cAMP levels.
Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex
The branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDC or BCKDH complex) is a multi-subunit complex of enzymes that is found on the mitochondrial inner membrane. This enzyme complex catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of branched, short-chain alpha-ketoacids. BCKDC is a member of the mitochondrial α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex family, which also includes the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDC), key enzymes that function in the Krebs cycle, as well as the 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase complex (OADHC), which plays a critical role in the degradation of the amino acids lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Pyruvate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of pyruvate and a lipoamide to give the acetylated dihydrolipoamide and carbon dioxide. The conversion requires the coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase is usually encountered as a component, referred to as E1, of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). PDC consists of other enzymes, referred to as E2 and E3. Collectively E1-E3 transform pyruvate, NAD+, coenzyme A into acetyl-CoA, CO2, and NADH. The conversion is crucial because acetyl-CoA may then be used in the citric acid cycle to carry out cellular respiration. To distinguish between this enzyme and the PDC, it is systematically called pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring).
Aaron Murray
Aaron William Murray (born November 10, 1990) is an American former football player. He was selected by the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League (NFL) in the fifth round of the 2014 NFL draft. He played college football for the Georgia Bulldogs. Murray currently leads the Southeastern Conference (SEC) career passing touchdown list, ahead of Peyton Manning, Eli Manning, and Matthew Stafford.

Murray is a college football color commentator for the ESPN networks, most permanently as a commentator for SEC Network. A two-year veteran of spring football, he began calling UFL games for ESPN in 2025.

Dave Neal
Dave Neal, son of Bob Neal and Melody Gadziala, is a two-time Emmy Award winning American sportscaster currently employed by ESPN. He has two sons Sam and Pete.

He is from Atlanta, Georgia and attended Lakeside High School.