hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Land Acts (Ireland)
The Land Acts (officially Land Law (Ireland) Acts) were a series of measures to deal with the question of tenancy contracts and peasant proprietorship of land in Ireland in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Five such acts were introduced by the government of the United Kingdom between 1870 and 1909. Further acts were introduced by the governments of the Irish Free State after 1922 and more acts were passed for Northern Ireland.

The success of the Land Acts in reducing the concentration of land ownership is indicated by the fact that in 1870, only 3% of Irish farmers owned their own land while 97% were tenants. By 1929, this ratio had been reversed with 97.4% of farmers holding their farms in freehold. However, as Michael Davitt and other Georgists had foreseen, peasant proprietorship did not end hardship in the Irish countryside. Emigration and economic disadvantage continued while the greatest beneficiaries of land reform were the middle class of medium farmers.

Sir Thomas Russell, 1st Baronet
Sir Thomas Wallace Russell, 1st Baronet MP  (28 February 1841 – 2 May 1920) was an Irish politician and outspoken campaigner for agrarian reform. Born in Cupar, Fife, he moved to County Tyrone at the age of eighteen. He served as secretary and parliamentary agent of the Irish temperance movement and became well known as an anti-alcohol campaigner and as the proprietor of a temperance hotel in Dublin.
AP Chemistry
Advanced Placement (AP) Chemistry (also known as AP Chem) is a course and examination offered by the College Board as a part of the Advanced Placement Program to give American and Canadian high school students the opportunity to demonstrate their abilities and earn college-level credits at certain colleges and universities. The AP Chemistry Exam has the lowest test participation rate out of all AP courses, with around half of AP Chemistry students taking the exam.

AP United States History
Advanced Placement (AP) United States History (also known as AP U.S. History, APUSH (/ˈeɪ.pʊʃ/), or AP U.S.) is a college-level course and examination offered by College Board as part of the Advanced Placement Program.
Lorestan province
Lorestan province (Persian: استان لرستان) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Khorramabad.

Lorestan is in the western part of the country in the Zagros Mountains and covers an area of 28,392 km2. In 2014 it was placed in Region 4.

Lorestan is located close to the border with Iraq. Situated in a scenic valley surrounded by mountains, Lorestan lies approximately 100 kilometers (about 62 miles) east of the Iraqi border.

Suri District
Suri District (Persian: بخش سوري) is in Rumeshkan County, Lorestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Suri. The district has a total of 19 villages. Mount Vyznhar (Vznyar), the highest mountain in the county, is located in Suri District. On its slopes are the ruins of Kohzad Castle.
Jiangnan Shipyard
31°21′15″N 121°44′15″E﻿ / ﻿31.354114°N 121.737414°E﻿ / 31.354114; 121.737414

Jiangnan Shipyard (Chinese: 江南造船厂; pinyin: Jiāngnán Zàochuán Chǎng) is a historic shipyard in Shanghai, China. The shipyard has been state-owned since its founding in 1865 and is now operated as Jiangnan Shipyard (Group) Co. Ltd.

Before 2009, the company was south of central Shanghai at 2 Gaoxing Road (31°11′49″N 121°28′59″E﻿ / ﻿31.19694°N 121.48306°E﻿ / 31.19694; 121.48306). In 2009, the shipyard was moved to Changxing Island, in the mouth of the Yangtze River to the north of urban Shanghai. (31°21′14.81″N 121°44′14.69″E﻿ / ﻿31.3541139°N 121.7374139°E﻿ / 31.3541139; 121.7374139).

The shipyard builds, repairs and converts both civilian and military ships. Other activities include the manufacture of machinery and electrical equipment, pressure vessels and steel works for various land-based products.

Hudong–Zhonghua Shipbuilding
31°16′39″N 121°34′10″E﻿ / ﻿31.27750°N 121.56944°E﻿ / 31.27750; 121.56944

Hudong–Zhonghua Shipbuilding is a subsidiary of China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC). It produces civilian and military ships. Hudong–Zhonghua claims to be the "Cradle of Chinese Frigates and Landing Ships" for its work for the People's Liberation Army Navy.
Altenkirchen (district)
Altenkirchen (German pronunciation: [ˌaltn̩ˈkɪʁçn̩] ⓘ) is a district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the North Rhine-Westphalian districts Rhein-Sieg, Oberbergischer Kreis, Olpe and Siegen-Wittgenstein, and the districts of Westerwaldkreis and Neuwied.

Siegen
Siegen (German pronunciation: [ˈziːɡn̩] ⓘ) is a city in Germany, in the south Westphalian part of North Rhine-Westphalia.

It is located in the district of Siegen-Wittgenstein in the Arnsberg region. The university town (nearly 20,000 students in the 2018–2019 winter semester) is the district seat, and is ranked as a "higher centre" in the South Westphalian urban agglomeration.

In 1975, municipal reforms and amalgamations lifted Siegen's population above the 100,000 mark.
Nikos Engonopoulos
Nikos Engonopoulos (Greek: Νίκος Εγγονόπουλος; October 21, 1907 – October 31, 1985) was a Greek painter and poet. He is one of the most important members of "Generation of the '30s", as well as a major representative of the surrealist movement in Greece. His work as a writer also includes critique and essays.

Yiannis Moralis
Yiannis Moralis (Greek: Γιάννης Μόραλης; also transliterated Yannis Moralis or Giannis Moralis; 23 April 1916 – 20 December 2009) was an important Greek visual artist and part of the so-called "Generation of the '30s". He is a person who carried weight in many fields and found himself to be equally au courant. Furthermore, he exhibited a strong sense of responsibility when it came to confronting modern day problems. His art is distinct for the esoteric nature of its forms and its capacity and ability to suggest space.
World Boxing Association
The World Boxing Association (WBA), formerly known as the National Boxing Association (NBA), is an international professional boxing organization based in Panama. The WBA awards its world championship title at the professional level.

Founded in the United States in 1921 by 13 state representatives as the NBA, it is the oldest regulating fights. In 1962, it changed its name in recognition of boxing's growing popularity around the world and began to admit other nations as members. By 1975, a majority of its members were Latin American nations and the organization headquarters was moved to Panama City, Panama. It moved again in the 1990s to Venezuela before returning to Panama in 2007.

Alongside the World Boxing Council (WBC), International Boxing Federation (IBF) and World Boxing Organization (WBO), it is one of four major organizations which sanctions professional boxing bouts. As of August 2024, boxing website BoxRec no longer recognizes WBA world title fights or world champions.

Michael Nunn
Michael John Nunn (born April 14, 1963) is an American former professional boxer who competed from 1984 to 2002. He is a two-weight world champion, having held the IBF middleweight title from 1988 to 1991, and the WBA super middleweight title from 1992 to 1994. During both those reigns, he also held the lineal championship. In 2004, Nunn was sentenced to 24 years in prison for drug trafficking; he was released in February 2019. Nunn was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame as part of the class of 2025.
Richard Mansfield
Richard Mansfield (24 May 1857 – 30 August 1907) was a German-born English actor-manager best known for his performances in Shakespeare plays, Gilbert and Sullivan operas, and the play Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde; his performances in the last made such an impression that he was accused of being Jack the Ripper.

Madison Square Theatre
The Madison Square Theatre was a Broadway theatre in Manhattan, on the south side of 24th Street between Sixth Avenue and Broadway (which intersects Fifth Avenue near that point). It was built in 1863, operated as a theater from 1865 to 1908, and demolished in 1908 to make way for an office building. The Madison Square Theatre was the scene of important developments in stage technology, theatre design, and theatrical tour management. For about half its history it had other names including the Fifth Avenue Theatre, Daly's Fifth Avenue Theatre, Hoyt's Madison Square Theatre, and Hoyt's Theatre.
Sandy Casar
Sandy Casar (born 2 February 1979) is a French former professional racing cyclist, who competed as a professional between 2000 and 2013, all for the Française des Jeux team. His greatest results have been winning three stages of the Tour de France, as well the overall classification of the Route du Sud in 2005. He also won the one-day race Paris–Camembert in 2011.

Luis León Sánchez
Luis León Sánchez Gil (born 24 November 1983) is a Spanish former road bicycle racer, who last rode for UCI WorldTeam XDS Astana Team. Sánchez's major achievements include winning the overall classifications of the 2009 Paris–Nice and the 2005 Tour Down Under, as well as the one-day race Clásica de San Sebastián in 2010 and 2012. He also has four Tour de France stage victories and is a four-time winner of the Spanish National Time Trial Championships. He is a time trial specialist and has improved his climbing skills over the course of his career.
2011 World Junior Figure Skating Championships
The 2011 World Junior Figure Skating Championships was an international figure skating competition during the 2010–11 season. Commonly called "World Juniors" and "Junior Worlds", the event crowned the World Junior Champions in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

The event took place in Gangneung, South Korea from 28 February to 6 March 2011. It was a qualification event for the figure skating events at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics.

2011 U.S. Figure Skating Championships
The 2011 U.S. Figure Skating Championships was held in Greensboro, North Carolina on January 22–30, 2011. Skaters competed in the men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing on the senior, junior, and novice levels. The event was part of the selection process for several international events, including the 2011 World Championships.

The event resulted in direct economic impacts of $27.4 million and an additional $24 million in media impacts, with tax revenues of over $2.2 million.
Isère
Isère (US: /iːˈzɛər/ ee-ZAIR; French: [izɛʁ] ⓘ; Arpitan: Isera; Occitan: Isèra, Occitan pronunciation: [iˈsɛɾa]) is a landlocked department in the southeastern French region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Named after the river Isère, it had a population of 1,271,166 in 2019. Its prefecture is Grenoble. It borders Rhône to the northwest, Ain to the north, Savoie to the east, Hautes-Alpes to the south, Drôme and Ardèche to the southwest and Loire to the west.

French Alps
The French Alps are the portions of the Alps mountain range that stand within France, located in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur regions. While some of the ranges of the French Alps are entirely in France, others, such as the Mont Blanc massif, are shared with Switzerland and Italy.

At 4,808 metres (15,774 ft), Mont Blanc, on the France–Italy border, is the highest mountain in the Alps, and the highest Western European mountain.

Notable towns in the French Alps include Grenoble, Chamonix, Annecy, Chambéry, Évian-les-Bains and Albertville.

The French Alps  will be the fourth location in France to host the Winter Olympics in 2030, following those held in Albertville in 1992, Grenoble in 1968, and the very first in Chamonix in 1924.
Slim Love
Edward Haughton "Slim" Love (August 1, 1890 – November 30, 1942) was an American professional baseball pitcher from approximately 1910 to 1930. He played six seasons in Major League Baseball for the Washington Senators (1913), New York Yankees (1916–1918), and Detroit Tigers (1919–1920). Over six major league seasons, Love compiled a 28–21 record with a 3.04 earned run average (ERA). He also played in the minor leagues, including stints with the Los Angeles Angels (1914–1915) and Dallas Marines/Steers (1922–1928).

Love's nickname was based on his large, lean frame, at 6 ft 7.5 in (2.02 m) and 195 pounds (88 kg). Upon his debut, Love became the tallest pitcher in major league history, surpassing Miles Main who was 6 foot 6 when he played from 1914 through 1918. Love remained the tallest pitcher in major league history until Johnny Gee made his debut in 1939 at six feet, nine inches.

Frank Gilhooley
Francis Patrick Gilhooley Sr. (June 10, 1892 – July 11, 1959) was an American outfielder in Major League Baseball, playing mostly as a right fielder from 1911 through 1919 for the St. Louis Cardinals (1911–12), New York Yankees (1913–18) and Boston Red Sox (1919). Listed at 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m), 155 lb., Gilhooley batted left-handed and threw right-handed.
Concurrency (road)
In a road network, a concurrency is an instance of one physical roadway bearing two or more different route numbers. The practice is often economically and practically advantageous when multiple routes must pass between a single mountain crossing or over a bridge, or through a major city, and can be accommodated by a single right-of-way. Each route number is typically posted on highways signs where concurrencies are allowed, while some jurisdictions simplify signage by posting one priority route number on highway signs. In the latter circumstance, other route numbers disappear when the concurrency begins and reappear when it ends. In most cases, each route in a concurrency is recognized by maps and atlases.

Georgia State Route 20
State Route 20 (SR 20) is a 165.345-mile-long (266.097 km) state highway roughly in the shape of a capital J rotated ninety degrees to the left, which travels through portions of Floyd, Bartow, Cherokee, Forsyth, Gwinnett, Walton, Rockdale, Newton, and Henry counties in the northwestern and north-central parts of the U.S. state of Georgia. Its counterclockwise, or western terminus is at the Alabama state line in Floyd County, and its clockwise, or eastern terminus occurs at its interchange with Lower Woolsey Road southwest of Hampton in Henry County south-southeast of the Atlanta Motor Speedway.
St. Paul station (DART)
St. Paul station is a DART rail station in Dallas, Texas. It is located on Bryan Street, between St. Paul and Harwood Streets, near the Arts District in Downtown Dallas. It opened on June 14, 1996, and is a station on the Red Line, Orange Line, Green Line and Blue Line, serving the Trammell Crow Center, the Dallas Museum of Art, the Nasher Sculpture Center, Patriot Tower and First Baptist Church.

St. Paul station takes its name from its namesake street, which received its name in the 1930s, not out of religious interest, but as a protest against the Volstead Act, a national law that banned alcoholic beverages. The city fathers located a passage in the Bible, attributed to St. Paul, that said "drink a little wine, for your stomach's sake".

Uptown, Dallas
Uptown is a PID (public improvement district) and a dense neighborhood in Dallas, Texas. Uptown is north of and adjacent to downtown Dallas, and is bordered by US 75 (Central Expressway) on the east, N Haskell Avenue on the northeast, the Katy Trail on the northwest, Bookhout Street and Cedar Springs Road on the west, N Akard Street on the southwest and Spur 366 (Woodall Rodgers Freeway) on the south.

Uptown is one of the most pedestrian-friendly areas in all of Texas. It is largely "new urbanist" in scope; the majority of facilities considered "Uptown institutions" are relatively new and were created during the late 20th and early 21st Centuries' new urbanist urban planning movement.  Popular with young professionals, mixed-use development is the norm and an increasingly pedestrian culture continues to thrive.
Fortune (magazine)
Fortune (stylized in all caps) is an American global business magazine headquartered in New York City. It is published by Fortune Media Group Holdings, a global business media company. The publication was founded by Henry Luce in 1929. The magazine competes with Forbes and Bloomberg Businessweek in the national business magazine category and distinguishes itself with long, in-depth feature articles.

The magazine regularly publishes ranked lists, including ranking companies by revenue, such as in the Fortune 500 that it has published annually since 1955 and in the Fortune Global 500. The magazine is also known for its annual Fortune Investor's Guide.

Bloomberg Markets
Bloomberg Markets is a magazine published six times a year by Bloomberg L.P. as part of Bloomberg News. Aimed at global financial professionals, Bloomberg Markets publishes articles on the people and issues related to global financial markets. Bloomberg Markets, which is based in New York City, has readers in 147 countries. More than half of its readers live outside the U.S.

As of December 2011, the magazine had a circulation of 375,000 and was available for sale at bookstores and selected newsstands. All subscribers of the Bloomberg Professional service and the Bloomberg Terminal also receive Bloomberg Markets as part of their subscription. Newsstand sales averaged 6,154 in 2010.
John Moore (British Army officer)
Lieutenant-General Sir John Moore KB (13 November 1761 – 16 January 1809) was a British Army officer and politician. He is known for his military training reforms and for his death at the Battle of Corunna, in which he fought a French army under Marshal Jean-de-Dieu Soult during the Peninsular War.

Light Division
The Light Division is a light infantry division of the British Army. It was reformed in 2022, as part of Future Soldier reforms.

Its origins lay in "Light Companies" formed during the late 18th century, to move at speed over inhospitable terrain and protect a main force with skirmishing tactics. These units took advantage of then-new technology in the form of rifles, which allowed them to emphasise marksmanship, and were tasked primarily with disrupting and harassing enemy forces in skirmishes before the main forces clashed.

Formed in 1803, during the Napoleonic Wars, the Light Division was raised thereafter: during the Crimean War, the First World War, from 1968 to 2007, and from 2022 to the present day. Some light infantry units remained and remain outside of the Light Division.
Central Security Service
The Central Security Service (CSS) is a combat support agency of the United States Department of Defense which was established in 1972 to integrate the National Security Agency (NSA) and the Service Cryptologic Components (SCC) of the United States Armed Forces in the field of signals intelligence, cryptology, and information assurance at the tactical level. In 2002, the CSS had approximately 25,000 uniformed members. It is part of the United States Intelligence Community.

United States Cyber Command
United States Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM) is one of the eleven unified combatant commands of the United States Department of Defense (DoD). It unifies the direction of cyberspace operations, strengthens DoD cyberspace capabilities, and integrates and bolsters DoD's cyber expertise which focus on securing cyberspace.

USCYBERCOM was established as a sub-unified command under United States Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) at the direction of Secretary of Defense  Robert Gates on 23 June 2009 at the National Security Agency (NSA) headquarters in Fort George G. Meade, Maryland. It cooperates with NSA networks and has been concurrently headed by the director of the NSA (DIRNSA) since its inception. While originally created with a defensive mission in mind, it has increasingly been viewed as an offensive force. On 18 August 2017, it was announced that USCYBERCOM would be elevated to the status of a full and independent unified combatant command.
East Japan Railway Company
The East Japan Railway Company is a major passenger railway company in Japan and the largest of the seven Japan Railways Group companies. The company name is officially abbreviated as JR East in English, and as JR Higashi-Nihon in Japanese. The company's headquarters are in Yoyogi, Shibuya, Tokyo, next to Shinjuku Station. It is listed in the Tokyo Stock Exchange (it formerly had secondary listings in the Nagoya and Osaka stock exchanges), is a constituent of the TOPIX Large70 index, and is one of three Japan Railways Group constituents of the Nikkei 225 index, the others being JR Central and JR West.

Sagamihara
Sagamihara (相模原市, Sagamihara-shi) is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of May 1, 2021, the city has an estimated population of 723,470, with 334,812 households, and a population density of 1,220 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 328.91 square kilometres (126.99 sq mi). Sagamihara is the third-most-populous city in the prefecture, after Yokohama and Kawasaki, and the fifth most populous suburb of the Greater Tokyo Area. Its northern neighbor is Machida, with which a cross-prefectural merger has been proposed.

On April 1, 2010, the city became the 19th city designated by government ordinance. As a result of this, three wards were established: Midori-ku, Chūō-ku and Minami-ku.
Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands
Saint Thomas (Danish: Sankt Thomas, Spanish: Santo Tomás, French: Saint-Thomas) is one of the U.S. Virgin Islands in the Caribbean Sea, and a constituent district of the United States Virgin Islands (USVI), an unincorporated territory of the United States. Along with surrounding minor islands, it is one of three county equivalents in the USVI. Together with Saint John, it forms one of the districts of the USVI. The territorial capital and port of Charlotte Amalie is located on the island.

Of the three islands, St. Thomas is the second largest, with St. Croix being the largest, and St. John, the smallest. As of the 2010 census, the population of Saint Thomas was 51,634, about 48.5% of the total population of the United States Virgin Islands. Crown Mountain is the highest point in Saint Thomas and in the entire United States Virgin Islands. Hence, it is called "Rock City". The island has a land area of 32 square miles (83 km2).

Christiansted, U.S. Virgin Islands
Christiansted (/ˈkrɪstʃənstɛd/ KRIS-chən-sted, Danish: [kʰʁestjænˈsteð, kʰʁæs-]; Danish for 'Christian's Place') is the largest town on Saint Croix, one of the main islands of the United States Virgin Islands, a territory of the United States of America. The town is named after King Christian VI of Denmark.
Javy López
Javier "Javy" López Torres (born November 5, 1970) is a Puerto Rican former catcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Atlanta Braves (1992–2003), Baltimore Orioles (2004–2006) and Boston Red Sox (2006). He batted and threw right-handed. He was named Ponce, Puerto Rico's Athlete of the Year from 1984 to 1987.

Mark Wohlers
Mark Edward Wohlers (born January 23, 1970) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. A right-hander, he played all or parts of 12 seasons in Major League Baseball, exclusively as a relief pitcher. He is best known for his years with the Atlanta Braves from 1991 to 1999. Winning the 1995 World Series with the Braves over the Cleveland Indians was his biggest accomplishment.