hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ludovico Ariosto
Ludovico Ariosto (UK: /æriˈɒstoʊ/, US: /ɑːriˈ-/; Italian: [ludoˈviːko aˈrjɔsto, - ariˈɔsto]; 8 September 1474 – 6 July 1533) was an Italian poet. He is best known as the author of the romance epic Orlando Furioso (1516). The poem, a continuation of Matteo Maria Boiardo's Orlando Innamorato, describes the adventures of Charlemagne, Orlando, and the Franks as they battle against the Saracens with diversions into many sideplots. The poem is transformed into a satire of the chivalric tradition. Ariosto composed the poem in the ottava rima rhyme scheme and introduced narrative commentary throughout the work.

Ariosto also coined the term "humanism" (in Italian, umanesimo) for choosing to focus upon the strengths and potential of humanity, rather than only upon its role as subordinate to God. This led to Renaissance humanism.

House of Este
The House of Este (UK: /ˈɛsti/ EST-ee, US: /ˈɛsteɪ/ EST-ay, Italian: [ˈɛste]) is a European dynasty of North Italian origin whose members ruled parts of Italy and Germany for many centuries.

The original House of Este's elder branch, which is known as the House of Welf, included dukes of Bavaria and of Brunswick. This branch produced Britain's Hanoverian monarchs, as well as one Emperor of Russia (Ivan VI) and one Holy Roman Emperor (Otto IV).

The original House of Este's younger branch, which is simply called the House of Este, included rulers of Ferrara (1240–1597), and of Modena (900–1859) and Reggio (1288–1796). This branch's male line became extinct with the death of Ercole III in 1803.
Multi-valve
A multi-valve or multivalve four-stroke internal combustion engine is one where each cylinder has more than two valves – more than the minimum required of one of each, for the purposes of air and fuel intake, and venting exhaust gases. Multi-valve engines were conceived to improve one or both of these, often called "better breathing", and with the added benefit of more valves that are smaller, thus having less mass in motion (per individual valve and spring), may also be able to operate at higher revolutions per minute (rpm) than a two-valve engine, delivering even more intake an/or exhaust per unit of time, thus potentially more power.

Dry sump
A dry sump system is a method to manage the lubricating motor oil in four-stroke and large two-stroke reciprocating internal combustion engines. The dry sump system uses two or more oil pumps and a separate oil reservoir, as opposed to a conventional wet sump system, which uses only the main sump (U.S.: oil pan) below the engine and a single pump. A dry sump engine requires a pressure relief valve to regulate negative pressure inside the engine so that internal seals are not inverted.

Dry sump lubrication is common on larger diesel engines such as those used in ships, as well as gasoline engines used in racing cars, aerobatic aircraft, high-performance personal watercraft, and motorcycles. Dry sumps may be chosen for these applications due to increased reliability, oil capacity, reduction of oil starvation under high g-loads, or other technical or performance reasons. Dry sumps may be unsuitable for some applications, usually due to their increased cost, complexity, or bulk.
Jim Richards (racing driver)
James Charles Richards AM (born 2 September 1947) is a New Zealand racing driver who won numerous championships in his home country and in Australia. While now retired from professional racing, Richards continued to compete in the Touring Car Masters series until 2018.

He was inducted into the New Zealand Motor-racing Hall of Fame in 1994. After a record number of starts and seven victories in the Bathurst 1000, and four Australian Touring Car Championships, Richards was inducted into the V8 Supercars Hall of Fame in 2006 and the Australian Motorsport Hall of Fame in 2015. He is the father of racing driver Steven Richards, and between them they have achieved 12 Bathurst 1000 wins, most recently in 2018.

Richards was appointed an Honorary Member of the Order of Australia in the 2026 Australia Day Honours for "significant service to motor sports as a team owner and driver".

Colin Bond
Colin John Bond OAM (born 24 February 1942) is an Australian former racing driver.  Bond reached the highest levels in Australian motorsport in 1969 when he was recruited by Harry Firth to the newly formed Holden Dealer Team. He quickly found success, winning the 1969 Hardie-Ferodo 500 mile race (now the Bathurst 1000) at Bathurst, New South Wales in a Holden Monaro.

Bond was a particularly versatile driver, also finding success in the Australian Rally Championship, winning the title in 1971, 1972 and 1974 driving a Holden Torana. Bond also won the 1975 Australian Touring Car Championship in a Holden Torana and was inducted into the V8 Supercars Hall of Fame in 2002.
2020–21 Bundesliga
The 2020–21 Bundesliga was the 58th season of the Bundesliga, Germany's premier football competition. It began on 18 September 2020 and concluded on 22 May 2021. The season was originally scheduled to begin on 21 August 2020 and conclude on 15 May 2021, though this was delayed due to postponement of the previous season as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The fixtures were announced on 7 August 2020.

Bayern Munich were the defending champions and successfully defended their title, winning their record-extending 9th consecutive title and 31st title overall (30th in the Bundesliga era) on 8 May with three games to spare. By winning their thirtieth Bundesliga title, Bayern Munich are honoured with a fifth gold star on their team badges and shirts.

Bayern's Robert Lewandowski set a new record for goals scored in a season with 41, surpassing the previous record of 40 goals set by Gerd Müller in 1971–72.

2024–25 Bundesliga
The 2024–25 Bundesliga was the 62nd season of the Bundesliga, Germany's premier men's football competition. The season began on 23 August 2024 and concluded on 17 May 2025. Bayer Leverkusen were the defending champions.

On 4 May 2025, Bayern Munich were crowned Bundesliga champions for a record 33rd time (34th title overall) with two matches to spare following Bayer Leverkusen's 2–2 draw with SC Freiburg, reclaiming the league title after a third-place finish in the previous season.
Thanon Thong Chai Range
The Thanon Thong Chai Range (Thai: ทิวเขาถนนธงชัย, pronounced [tʰīw kʰǎw tʰānǒn tʰōŋ t͡ɕʰāj], formerly Thanon Range; Burmese Tanen Taunggyi) is a mountain range in northern Thailand. Its tallest peak is Doi Inthanon, the highest point in Thailand. Most of the range is in Chiang Mai Province, with parts in Mae Hong Son and Lamphun Provinces.

Geologically in the Thanon Thong Chai Range, as in the other southern subranges of the Shan Hills, layers of alluvium are superimposed on hard rock. Precambrian rocks are present in this range, but absent in the ranges further east, such as the Khun Tan Range.

Doi Pui
Doi Pui (Thai: ดอยปุย), is a mountain ("doi") west of Chiang Mai, Thailand. It is 1,685 metres (5,528 ft) in elevation and is one of the twin peaks of a granite mountain. The other peak is known as Doi Suthep and is slightly lower at 1,676 metres (5,499 ft), where the archaeological site of San Ku (สันกู่) temple, a Buddhist temple dating to approximately 800 years old, is located. The peak is situated in a protected area of Doi Suthep–Pui National Park just to the west of Ban Khun Chang Khian, a White Hmong village located 1,350 metres (4,430 ft) above sea level that was founded in 1955.
Siobhan Fallon Hogan
Siobhan Fallon Hogan (/ʃəˈvɑːn/ shə-VAHN; née Fallon; born May 13, 1961) is an American actress, comedian, writer, and producer. Known for her collaborations with director Lars von Trier, she has appeared in three of his features to date: Dancer in the Dark (2000), Dogville (2003), and The House That Jack Built (2018). Her other film credits include Forrest Gump (1994), Men in Black (1997), The Negotiator (1998), Holes (2003), Daddy Day Care (2003), Fever Pitch (2005), Charlotte's Web (2006), Funny Games (2007), Baby Mama (2008), The Bounty Hunter (2010), We Need to Talk About Kevin (2011), Going in Style (2017), and Rushed (2021). Her television work includes Saturday Night Live (1991–1992), Seinfeld (1991–1994), and Wayward Pines (2015–2016).

Beth Cahill
Beth Cahill is an American actress and comedian. She is best known for her brief stint as a featured cast member on the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live during its 17th season between 1991 and 1992.
California City, California
California City is a city located in northern Antelope Valley in Kern County, California, United States. It is 100 miles (160 km) north of the city of Los Angeles, and the population was 14,973 at the 2020 census. Covering 203.63 square miles (527.4 km2), California City has the third-largest land area of any city in the state of California (behind San Diego and Los Angeles), and is the largest city in California, by land area, that is not a county seat. It is the 43rd-largest city in the United States by land area.

Many of the city's residents are employed at Edwards Air Force Base, which is located 18 miles (29 km) southeast of the city. Other major employers are the California City Correctional Center (California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation), Mojave Air and Space Port (and its flight test facility) and the Hyundai/Kia Proving Grounds, located in the rural southwestern part of the city. California City also has a park, a PGA golf course, and a municipal airport.

Mojave, California
Mojave (formerly Mohave) is an unincorporated community in Kern County, California, United States. Mojave is located 50 miles (80 km) east of Bakersfield, and 100 miles (161 km) north of Los Angeles, at an elevation of 2,762.46 feet (842.00 m). The town is located in the western region of the Mojave Desert, below and east of Oak Creek Pass and the Tehachapi Mountains.  Mojave is on the Pacific Crest Trail.

The population was 4,700 at the 2020 census, up from 4,238 at the 2010 census. Telephone numbers in Mojave follow the format (661) 824-xxxx and the area includes three postal ZIP Codes.
Trinity Thomas
Trinity Lemyra Thomas (born April 7, 2001) is an American artistic gymnast and a four-time National Team member (2016–20). She was a member of the gold medal-winning team at the 2018 Pan American Gymnastics Championships, where she also won silver medals in the individual all-around and on the uneven bars, as well as the bronze medalist on balance beam and floor exercise at the 2017 national championships. She was a member of the Florida Gators women's gymnastics team. One of the most successful NCAA gymnasts in history, Thomas finished her collegiate career with a record-tying 28 perfect-10 scores and a record-breaking five Gym Slams (scores of perfect 10 on every apparatus).

Leanne Wong
Leanne Ashley Wong (born September 20, 2003) is an American artistic gymnast.  She was a member of the gold medal winning teams at the 2022 World Championships, 2023 World Championships, and the 2019 Pan American Games.  She is the 2021 and 2025 World all-around silver medalist, 2021 floor exercise bronze medalist, and was an alternate for the 2020 Olympic and 2024 Olympic teams.
Method acting
Method acting, known as the Method, is a group of rehearsal techniques that seek to encourage sincere and expressive performances through identifying with, understanding, and experiencing a character's inner motivation and emotions. Theatre practitioners built these techniques on Stanislavski's system, developed by the Russian and Soviet actor and director Konstantin Stanislavski and captured in his books An Actor Prepares, Building a Character, and Creating a Role.

The approach was developed and labeled “Method Acting” by Lee Strasberg. Stella Adler and  Sanford Meisner rejected Strasberg’s technique and left the Group Theatre. Adler was the only member of the Group Theatre to study with Stanislavski.

Harold Clurman
Harold Edgar Clurman (September 18, 1901 – September 9, 1980) was an American theatre director and drama critic. In 2003, he was named one of the most influential figures in U.S. theater by PBS. He was one of the three founders of New York City's Group Theatre (1931–1941). He directed more than 40 plays in his career and, during the 1950s, was nominated for a Tony Award as director for several productions. In addition to his directing career, he was drama critic for The New Republic (1948–1952) and The Nation (1953–1980), helping shape American theater by writing about it. Clurman wrote seven books about the theatre, including his memoir The Fervent Years: The Group Theatre and the Thirties (1961).
Geena Rocero
Geena Rocero (born 1983) is a Filipino-born American model, TED speaker, and transgender advocate based in New York City. Rocero is the founder of Gender Proud, a media production company that tells stories of the transgender community worldwide to elevate justice and equality. Rocero has spoken about transgender rights at the United Nations Headquarters, the World Economic Forum, and the White House.

Leyna Bloom
Leyna Bloom is an American actress, model, dancer, and activist. She has attracted press as a trailblazer for transgender performers in the entertainment and fashion industries.

In 2019, Bloom made her feature film acting debut in Port Authority, which premiered at the Cannes Film Festival. She has modeled for several brands and fashion designers, including Jeremy Scott, and has appeared in magazines such as Vogue India and Sports Illustrated.
Big Tymers
Big Tymers (also stylized as Big Tymer$) is an American hip hop duo composed of Cash Money Records co-founder Baby (later known as Birdman) and the label's in-house producer Mannie Fresh, both of whom originate from New Orleans, Louisiana. Formed in 1997, the act is a spin-off of the label's supergroup, Cash Money Millionaires.

The duo has released five studio albums: How You Luv That (1997) and its reissue (1998), I Got That Work (2000), Hood Rich (2002), and Big Money Heavyweight (2003). Hood Rich peaked atop the Billboard 200 and spawned the single "Still Fly", which peaked at number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100. In 2005, Mannie Fresh resigned from Cash Money due to financial disputes with Birdman and his brother, Ronald "Slim" Williams, effectively dissolving the duo.

In 2018, the duo reunited for the song "Designer Caskets", released for the Cash Money Records documentary soundtrack album Before Anythang.

B.G. (rapper)
Christopher Noel Dorsey (born September 3, 1980), better known by his stage name B.G. (short for Baby Gangsta; formerly Lil Doogie), is an American rapper from New Orleans, Louisiana. He began his musical career in 1993 upon signing with Birdman's Cash Money Records at the age of 12. Dorsey and label-mates Lil Wayne, Juvenile and Turk collectively formed the group Hot Boys in 1997, with whom he released three albums until disbanding in 2002.

As a solo act, Dorsey has released five solo albums for Cash Money: Chopper City (1996), It's All on U, Vol. 1 (1997), It's All on U, Vol. 2 (1997), the platinum-certified Chopper City in the Ghetto (1999) and Checkmate (2000)—to moderate success. He parted ways with the label in 2002 and founded Chopper City Records later that year. Dorsey was incarcerated from 2012 to 2023, and promptly continued recording following his release.
Detroit Shock
The Detroit Shock were a Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) team based in Auburn Hills, Michigan. They were the 2003, 2006, and 2008 WNBA champions.

Debuting in 1998, the Shock were one of the league's first expansion franchises. They were also the first WNBA expansion franchise to win a WNBA championship. The team was the sister team of the Detroit Pistons and from 2002 to 2009 was coached by Pistons legend Bill Laimbeer.

In October 2009, the Shock were relocated to Tulsa, Oklahoma, to become the Tulsa Shock. Detroit team's roster, history, and nickname were retained. In July 2015, the Shock relocated to become the Dallas Wings.

Chicago Sky
The Chicago Sky are an American professional basketball team based in Chicago.  The Sky compete in the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) as a member of the Eastern Conference. The franchise was founded prior to the 2006 season. The Sky experienced a period of success from 2013 to 2016, making four playoff appearances and playing in the 2014 WNBA Finals. They experienced a second period of success from 2019 to 2022 and won their first championship in the 2021 WNBA Finals.

The team is owned by Michael J. Alter (principal owner) and Nadia Rawlinson (co-owner & chairman). Unlike many other WNBA teams, it is not affiliated with a National Basketball Association (NBA) counterpart, although the Chicago Bulls play in the same market.
1928 Summer Olympics
The 1928 Summer Olympics (Dutch: Olympische Zomerspelen 1928), officially the Games of the IX Olympiad (Dutch: Spelen van de IXe Olympiade), was an international multi-sport event that was celebrated from 28 July to 12 August 1928 in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The city of Amsterdam had previously bid for the 1920 and 1924 Olympic Games. Still, it was obliged to give way to war-torn Antwerp in Belgium for the 1920 Games and Pierre de Coubertin's Paris for the 1924 Games.

The only other candidate city for the 1928 Olympics was Los Angeles, which would eventually be selected to host the Olympics four years later. In preparation for the 1932 Summer Olympics, the United States Olympic Committee reviewed the costs and revenue of the 1928 Games. The committee reported a total cost of US$1.183 million with receipts of US$1.165 million, giving a negligible loss of US$18,000, which was a considerable improvement over the 1924 Games.

The United States won the most gold and medals overall.

Athletics at the 1928 Summer Olympics – Men's long jump
The men's long jump event was part of the track and field athletics programme at the 1928 Summer Olympics. The competition was held on Tuesday, July 31, 1928. Forty-one long jumpers from 23 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation was 4. The event was won by Ed Hamm of the United States, the nation's second consecutive and seventh overall victory in the event. Silvio Cator earned Haiti's first medal in the event by taking silver.
Ukrani
The Ukrani or Ukrians (German: Ukranen, Ukrer, Vukraner, Polish: Wkrzanie) were a West Slavic Polabian tribe in the Uckermark (terra U(c)kera, Uckerland) from the 6th–12th centuries. Their settlement area was centered on the lakes Oberuckersee and Unteruckersee at the spring of the Uecker River. In this region, burghs with a proto-town suburbium were set up at Drense and on an isle in Lake Oberuckersee (near modern Prenzlau).

In 954, Margrave Gero of the Saxon Eastern March (the marca Geronis), aided by Holy Roman Emperor Otto I's son-in-law, Conrad of Lorraine, launched a successful campaign to subdue the Ukrians, who had come within reach of the Holy Roman Empire's Northern March after the 929 Battle of Lenzen. After the 983 revolt of the Obodrites and Lutici, the area became independent again, yet remained under permanent military pressure, especially from Poland and the Holy Roman Empire.

Prissani
The Prissani (Polish: Pyrzyczanie) were a medieval tribe in Pomerania. They were first mentioned as "Prissani" with 70 civitas by the Bavarian Geographer, ca. 845. They are associated with the Pomeranians, and were based in the lower Oder region around the modern town of Pyrzyce (Pyritz). The mention in the Bavarian Geographer is the only written record referring to the tribe.

In the late 10th century, the Polish dukes Mieszko I and Bolesław I Chrobry subdued parts of Pomerania, but did not succeed to subdue the lower Oder region. In 1121/22, the Polish duke Bolesław III Wrymouth conquered the area along with the Duchy of Pomerania under Wartislaw I. The tribe was subsequently Christianized, missionary Otto of Bamberg celebrated the first mass baptism in Pyrzyce. A separate tribal identity, if upheld so far, vanished when it was integrated in the Duchy of Pomerania.
X-Force
X-Force is a team of superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, most commonly in association with the X-Men. Conceived by writer/illustrator Rob Liefeld, the team first appeared in New Mutants #100 (April 1991) and soon afterwards was featured in its own series called X-Force. The group was originally a revamped version of the 1980s team the New Mutants.

X-Force's first leader was the mutant Cable. An offshoot of the X-Men, X-Force takes a more militant and aggressive approach towards its enemies compared to the X-Men.

An alternate incarnation of X-Force appears in the 2018 film Deadpool 2 as part of the X-Men film series. A planned X-Force film adaptation was in production at 20th Century Fox, but canceled after Disney acquired the studio.

Fabian Nicieza
Fabian Nicieza (/niːsiˈɛsə/; December 31, 1961) is an Argentine-American comic book writer and editor who is best known for his work on Marvel titles such as X-Men, X-Force, New Warriors, Nomad, Cable, Gambit, Deadpool and Thunderbolts, for all of which he helped create numerous characters, among them Adam X, Deadpool, Domino, Feral, G. W. Bridge, Kwannon, Shatterstar, and Silhouette. He also created and wrote the WEBTOON series Outrage.
Sylvester McCoy
Percy James Patrick Kent-Smith (born 20 August 1943), known professionally as Sylvester McCoy, is a Scottish actor. Gaining prominence as a physical comedian, he portrayed the seventh incarnation of the Doctor in the BBC science fiction series Doctor Who from 1987 to 1989—the final Doctor of the classic series—and reprised the role in the televised stories Dimensions in Time (1993), Doctor Who (1996) and "The Power of the Doctor" (2022). He is also known for portraying the wizard Radagast in The Hobbit film series (2012–2014).

Ace (Doctor Who)
Ace is a fictional character played by Sophie Aldred in the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. A 20th-century Earth teenager from the London suburb of Perivale, she is a companion of the Seventh Doctor and was a regular in the series from 1987 to 1989 and returned in 2022. She is considered one of the Doctor's most popular companions.

Ace appeared in ten stories (32 episodes), and was the final companion in the original run of the classic series.

Doctor Who script editor Andrew Cartmel said that the character was written to be a "fighter and not a screamer". In the television series Ace reveals that her real given name is Dorothy. Her family name is never explicitly stated in the series but spin-off media refer to her as Dorothy Gale, Dorothy McShane and Dorothy Gale McShane.
Secession
Secession (from Latin: sēcessiō, lit. 'a withdrawing') is a term and a concept which is used in reference to the formal withdrawal of a group from a political entity.

In international law, secession is understood as a process in which an integral part of a state's territory unilaterally withdraws without the consent of the original state.

The process begins once a group proclaims an act of secession (such as a declaration of independence). A secession attempt might be violent or peaceful, but the goal is the creation of a new state or entity independent of the group or territory from which it seceded. Threats of secession can be a strategy for achieving more limited goals. There is some academic debate about this definition, and in particular how it relates to separatism.

States' rights
In American political discourse, states' rights are political powers held for the state governments rather than the federal government according to the United States Constitution, reflecting especially the enumerated powers of Congress and the Tenth Amendment. The enumerated powers that are listed in the Constitution include exclusive federal powers, as well as concurrent powers that are shared with the states, and all of those powers are contrasted with the reserved powers—also called states' rights—that only the states possess. Since the 1940s, the term "states' rights" has often been considered a loaded term, a euphemism, or a dog whistle because of its use in opposition to federally mandated racial desegregation and, more recently, same-sex marriage and reproductive rights.