hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Qatar national cricket team
The Qatar national cricket team is the team that represents Qatar in international cricket. The team is organised by the Qatar Cricket Association, which became an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 1999 and an associate member in 2017.

Qatar made its international debut in 1979, at an invitational tournament that also included Bahrain, Kuwait, and Sharjah (one of the United Arab Emirates). The team's first Asian Cricket Council (ACC) event was the 2002 ACC Trophy in Singapore. For a period during the 2000s, Qatar was one of the top-ranked non-Test teams in Asia – at the 2004 ACC Trophy, the team placed fourth. However, a few years later it was relegated to the second-division ACC events.

Qatar made its first and only World Cricket League (WCL) appearance at the 2017 ICC World Cricket League Division Five event in South Africa. It placed third, enough to secure the team a place in the new 2019–21 ICC Cricket World Cup Challenge League.

Saudi Arabia national cricket team
The Saudi Arabia national cricket team represents Saudi Arabia in international cricket. The team is organized by the Saudi Arabian Cricket Federation, which became an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 2003 and an associate member in 2016.

Saudi Arabia made its international debut at the 2004 ACC Trophy in Malaysia, and has since played regularly in Asian Cricket Council (ACC) tournaments. After finishing second in the 2014 ACC Elite League, the team qualified for the World Cricket League for the first time. Saudi Arabia was due to compete in the 2015 Division Six event, but members of the team were denied visas by the host country, forcing the team to withdraw.
Buchach
Buchach (Ukrainian: Бучач, IPA: [ˈbutʃɐtʃ] ⓘ; Polish: Buczacz; Yiddish: בעטשאָטש, romanized: Betshotsh or ביטשאָטש Bitshotsh; Hebrew: בוצ'אץ' Buchach; German: Butschatsch; Turkish: Bucaş) is a city located on the Strypa River (a tributary of the Dniester) in Chortkiv Raion of Ternopil Oblast (province) of Western Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Buchach urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Buchach rests 135 kilometres (84 miles) south-east of Lviv, in the historic region of Halychyna (Galicia).

The city was located in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until the partitions, followed by the Habsburg monarchy (1772–1804), Austrian Empire (1804–1867), Austria-Hungary (1867–1918), West Ukrainian People's Republic (1918–1919), the Second Polish Republic (1919–1939), and the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union (1939–1991). In 2022 the population was estimated to be 12,171 (2022 estimate)..

Chortkiv
Chortkiv (Ukrainian: Чортків, IPA: [tʃortˈkiu̯] ⓘ; Polish: Czortków; Yiddish: טשארטקאוו, romanized: Tshortkov) is a city in Chortkiv Raion, Ternopil Oblast, western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Chortkiv Raion, housing the district's local administration buildings. Chortkiv hosts the administration of Chortkiv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 28,279 (2022 estimate).

Chortkiv is located in the northern part of the historic region of Galician Podolia on the banks of the Seret River.

In the past Chortkiv was the home of many Hasidic Jews; it was a notable shtetl and had a significant number of Jews residing there prior to the Holocaust. Today, Chortkiv is a regional commercial and small-scale manufacturing center. Among its architectural monuments is a fortress built in the 16th and 17th centuries as well as historic wooden churches of the 17th and 18th centuries.
South Africa national netball team
The South Africa national netball team, also known as the SPAR Proteas, represent Netball South Africa in international netball tournaments, such as the Netball World Cup, the Commonwealth Games, the Netball Quad Series and the Fast5 Netball World Series. Their best result in a major tournament is a silver medal at the 1995 World Netball Championships. As of 1 March 2024, South Africa are currently fifth in the World Netball Rankings.

Scotland national netball team
The Scotland national netball team represents Scotland in international netball tournaments such as the Netball World Cup, Netball at the Commonwealth Games and the Netball Europe Open Championships. As of 1 September 2025, Scotland are listed 10th on the World Netball Rankings.
TaiwanBeer HeroBears
The TaiwanBeer HeroBears (Chinese: 台灣啤酒英熊) were a Taiwanese professional basketball team based in Taipei City. They had competed in the T1 League and played their home games at the University of Taipei Tianmu Campus Gymnasium (2021–23), Taipei Heping Basketball Gymnasium (2022), and Fu Jen Catholic University Chung Mei Auditorium (2023). The HeroBears became one of the six teams of the inaugural T1 League season.

Taoyuan Taiwan Beer Leopards
The Taoyuan Taiwan Beer Leopards (Chinese: 桃園台啤永豐雲豹) are a Taiwanese professional basketball team based in Taoyuan City. They have competed in the Taiwan Professional Basketball League (TPBL) and play their home games at the Taoyuan Arena and Taoyuan City Zhongli Civil Sports Center. Leopards became one of the six teams of the inaugural T1 League season, and one of the seven teams of the inaugural TPBL season.
Lappet-eared free-tailed bat
The lappet-eared free-tailed bat (Mops major) is a species of bat in the family Molossidae. It is found in Benin, Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, and Uganda. Its natural habitats are dry savanna and moist savanna.

Nigerian free-tailed bat
The Nigerian free-tailed bat (Mops nigeriae) is a species of bat in the family Molossidae. It is native to two widely separated parts of Africa, and is sometimes considered to represent two separate species.
Mahesh Bhupathi
Mahesh Shrinivas Bhupathi (born 7 June 1974) is an Indian former doubles world No. 1 tennis player. In 1997, he became the first Indian to win a major tournament (with Rika Hiraki). With his win at the 2006 Australian Open mixed doubles, he joined the elite group of eight tennis players who have achieved a career Grand Slam in mixed doubles. He is also the founder of International Premier Tennis League. In December 2016, Bhupathi was appointed as India's next non-playing Davis Cup captain and took over the reins from Anand Amritraj in February 2017.

Cara Black
Cara Cavell Black (born 17 February 1979) is a Zimbabwean former professional tennis player. Black was primarily a doubles specialist, winning 60 WTA Tour and 11 ITF doubles titles. A former doubles world No. 1, she won ten major titles. By winning the 2010 Australian Open mixed doubles title, Black became the third woman in the Open Era to complete the career Grand Slam in mixed doubles (after Martina Navratilova and Daniela Hantuchová). Having also won one singles title on the WTA Tour, Black peaked at world No. 31 in the singles rankings in March 1999.
Epoxide
In organic chemistry, an epoxide is a cyclic ether, where the ether forms a three-atom ring: two atoms of carbon and one atom of oxygen.  This triangular structure has substantial ring strain, making epoxides highly reactive, more so than other ethers.  They are produced on a large scale for many applications.  In general, low molecular weight epoxides are colourless and nonpolar, and often volatile.

Aziridine
Aziridine is an organic compound consisting of the three-membered heterocycle C2H5N. It is a colorless, toxic, volatile liquid that is of significant practical interest.  Aziridine was discovered in 1888 by the chemist Siegmund Gabriel. Its derivatives, also referred to as aziridines, are of broader interest in medicinal chemistry.
Slack (software)
Slack is a cloud-based team communication platform developed by Slack Technologies, which has been owned by Salesforce since 2020. Slack uses a freemium model. Slack is primarily offered as a business-to-business service, with its userbase being predominantly team-based businesses while its functionalities are focused primarily on business administration and communication.

Discord
Discord is an instant messaging and VoIP social platform that allows communication through voice calls, video calls, text messaging, and media. Communication can be private or in virtual communities called "servers". A server is a collection of persistent chat rooms and voice channels accessed by invitation links. Discord runs on Windows, macOS, Android, iOS, iPadOS, Linux, and in web browsers.

As of 2024, Discord has about 150 million monthly active users and 19 million weekly active servers. It is primarily used by gamers, but the share of users interested in other topics is growing. As of March 2024, Discord is the 30th most visited website in the world, and 22.98% of its traffic comes from the United States. In March 2022, Discord employed 600 people globally.
Włocławek
Włocławek (Polish: [vwɔˈt͡swavɛk] ⓘ; German: Leslau or Alt Lesle, Yiddish: וולאָצלאַוועק, romanized: Vlatzlavek, Russian: Влоцлавек Vlotslavek) is a city in the Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship in central Poland along the Vistula River, bordered by the Gostynin-Włocławek Landscape Park. As of December 2021, the population of the city is 106,928.

Founded in the 9th century, Włocławek is located in the historical region of Kuyavia, and was its administrative center and main city in the Middle Ages. Nowadays, Włocławek is the third largest city of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (after Bydgoszcz and Toruń) and the main cultural and economic center of eastern Kuyavia. It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Włocławek, one of the oldest dioceses in Poland, since the 12th century, with the landmark Gothic Włocławek Cathedral listed as a Historic Monument of Poland. Poland's largest hydroelectric power plant is also located there.

Gniezno
Gniezno is a city in central-western Poland, about 50 kilometres (31 miles) east of Poznań. Its population in 2021 was 66,769, making it the sixth-largest city in the Greater Poland Voivodeship. The city is the administrative seat of Gniezno County (powiat).

One of the Piast dynasty's chief cities, it was the first historical capital of Poland in the 10th century and early 11th century, and afterwards remained one of the main cities of the historic region of Greater Poland. Gniezno is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gniezno, the country's oldest archdiocese, founded in 1000, and its archbishop is the primate of Poland, making the city the country's ecclesiastical capital. The Gniezno Cathedral is one of the most historically important churches in Poland, and as such is a designated Historic Monument of Poland. Other sights include the Old Town and the Museum of the Origins of the Polish State.
Propionic acid
Propionic acid (/proʊpiˈɒnɪk/, from the Greek words πρῶτος : prōtos, meaning "first", and πίων : píōn, meaning "fat"; also known as propanoic acid) is a naturally occurring carboxylic acid with chemical formula CH3CH2CO2H. It is an oily liquid with a pungent and unpleasant smell. The anion CH3CH2CO−2 as well as the salts and esters of propionic acid are known as propionates or propanoates.

About half of the world production of propionic acid is consumed as a preservative for both animal feed and food for human consumption. It is also useful as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals, especially polymers.

Short-chain fatty acid
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are fatty acids of two to six carbon atoms. The SCFAs' lower limit is interpreted differently, either with one, two, three or four carbon atoms.  Derived from intestinal microbial fermentation of indigestible foods, SCFAs in human gut are acetic, propionic and butyric acid. Butyrate is the main energy source of colonocytes, making them crucial to gastrointestinal health. SCFAs all possess varying degrees of water solubility, which distinguishes them from longer chain fatty acids that are immiscible.
Twenty-foot equivalent unit
The twenty-foot equivalent unit (abbreviated TEU or teu) is a general unit of cargo capacity, often used for container ships and container ports. It is based on the volume of a 20-foot-long (6.1 m) intermodal container, a standard-sized metal box that can be easily transferred between different modes of transportation, such as ships, trains, and trucks.

Net tonnage
Net tonnage (NT, N.T. or nt) is a dimensionless index calculated from the total moulded volume of the ship's cargo spaces by using a mathematical formula. Defined in The International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships that was adopted by the International Maritime Organization in 1969, the net tonnage replaced the earlier net register tonnage (NRT) which denoted the volume of the ship's revenue-earning spaces in "register tons", units of volume equal to 100 cubic feet (2.83 m3). Net tonnage is used to calculate the port duties and should not be taken as less than 30 per cent of the ship's gross tonnage.

Net tonnage is not a measure of the weight of the ship or its cargo, and should not be confused with terms such as deadweight tonnage or displacement. Also, unlike the net register tonnage, the net tonnage is unitless and thus can not be defined as "tons" or "net tons".
List of governors of the Habsburg Netherlands
The governor (Dutch: landvoogd) or governor-general (gouverneur-generaal) of the Habsburg Netherlands was a representative appointed by the Holy Roman emperor (1504-1556), the king of Spain (1556-1598, 1621-1706), and the archduke of Austria (1716-1794), to administer the Burgundian inheritance of the House of Habsburg in the Low Countries when the monarch was absent from the territory. The role of the governors-general significantly changed over time: initially tutors and advisors of Emperor Charles V, who lived at the Palace of Coudenberg, they served as generals during the Eighty Years' War between the Kingdom of Spain and the Dutch Republic. Frequently, the governor-general was a close relative of the Austrian or Spanish monarchs, though at other times Spanish or German noblemen filled the role. The governor-general was usually based in Brussels.

Margaret of Parma
Margaret (Italian: Margherita di Parma; 5 July 1522 – 18 January 1586) was Duchess of Parma from 1547 to 1586 as the wife of Duke Ottavio Farnese and Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1559 to 1567 and from 1578 to 1582. She was the illegitimate daughter of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and Johanna Maria van der Gheynst. She had briefly been Duchess of Florence from 1536 to 1537 by her first marriage to Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence.
Mōri Motonari
Mōri Motonari (毛利 元就; April 16, 1497 – July 6, 1571) was a prominent daimyō (feudal lord) in the western Chūgoku region of Japan during the Sengoku period of the 16th century. The Mōri clan claimed descent from Ōe no Hiromoto (大江広元), an adviser to Minamoto no Yoritomo. Motonari was called the "Beggar Prince". He was known as a great strategist who began as a small local warlord (jizamurai) of Aki Province and extended his clan's power to nearly all of the Chūgoku region through war, marriage, adoption and assassination.

Sandwiched between the powerful Amago and Ōuchi clans, Motonari led his clan by carefully balancing actions and diplomacy. Eventually, Motonari succeeded in defeating both and controlled the entire Chūgoku region. In his later years, he crushed the Ōtomo clan of Bungo Province in Kyūshū. Motonari ruled from Yoshida-Kōriyama Castle, the clan's main bastion since the early 14th century. His descendants became lords of the Chōshū Domain.

Amago Haruhisa
Amago Haruhisa (尼子 晴久; March 8, 1514 – January 9, 1561) was a daimyō warlord in the Izumo Province, Chūgoku region of western Japan. He was the second son of Amago Masahisa. Initially named Akihisa (詮久), he changed his name to Haruhisa in 1541 after Ashikaga Yoshiharu offered to let him use a kanji character from his name.
Features of the Marvel Universe
The comic book stories published by Marvel Comics since the 1940s have featured several noteworthy concepts besides its fictional characters, such as unique places and artifacts. There follows a list of those features.

Avalon (Marvel Comics)
Avalon, also known as Otherworld, is a fictional dimension appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. It is based on the mythical Avalon from Celtic and, more specifically, Irish and Welsh mythology.

Avalon first appeared in Fantastic Four #54 (September 1966) by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby. Avalon's dimension was referred to as 'Otherworld' for the first time in Captain Britain #1 (October 1976) by Chris Claremont, Herb Trimpe, and Fred Kida.
Winton, Queensland
Winton is an outback town and locality in the Shire of Winton in Central West Queensland, Australia. It is 177 kilometres (110 mi) northwest of Longreach. The main industries of the area are sheep and cattle raising. The town was named in 1876 by postmaster Robert Allen, after his place of birth, Winton, Dorset. Winton was the first home of the airline Qantas. In the 2021 census, the locality of Winton had a population of 856.

Barcaldine Region
The Barcaldine Region is a local government area in Central West Queensland, Australia. Established in 2008, it was preceded by three previous local government areas which had existed for over a century.

It has an estimated operating budget of A$21.6 million.

In the 2021 census, the Barcaldine Region had a population of 2,849 people.
Imam Shamil
Imam Shamil (26 June 1797 – 4 February 1871) was the third Imam of the Caucasian Imamate (1840–1859), and a Muslim sheikh of the Naqshbandi Sufi order. Nicknamed the "Caucasian Eagle", he was the political, military, and spiritual leader of North Caucasian resistance to Imperial Russia in the 1800s; his rule was recognized in Dagestan and Chechnya, and indirectly through his representative Muhammad Amin, in Circassia. He is considered a hero by peoples of the Northern Caucasus.

Sheikh Mansur
Sheikh Mansur (born Ushurma or Uchermak, c. 1760 – 13 April 1794) was a Chechen military commander and Islamic leader who led a resistance movement against Russian expansion into the Caucasus from 1785 until his capture in 1791. Sheikh Mansur is considered the first leader of the resistance in the North Caucasus against Russian imperialism. He remains a hero of the Chechen and North Caucasian peoples in general, and their struggle for independence.
University of Mostar
The University of Mostar (Croatian: Sveučilište u Mostaru; Latin: Universitas Studiorum Mostariensis) is a public university located in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The university has ten faculties and one Academy of Fine Arts, with 50 majors, 46 specializations and 70 study groups.

University of Tuzla
University of Tuzla (Serbo-Croatian: Univerzitet u Tuzli, Универзитет у Тузли) is a public university located in Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The university was founded in 1958. It became a proper university in 1976, and today is one of the major institutions of higher learning in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

In the academic year of 2014–2015, the total number of enrolled students in all faculties and academies was 10,683. The total number of enrolled students has shown a steady decline from the academic year 2010–2011, when 14,212 students were enrolled at the university.
North American cougar
The North American cougar (Puma concolor couguar) is a cougar subspecies in North America. It is the biggest cat in North America (North American jaguars are fairly small), and the second largest cat in the New World. It was once common in eastern North America and is still prevalent in the western half of the continent. This subspecies includes populations in western Canada, the western United States, Florida, Mexico and Central America, and possibly South America northwest of the Andes Mountains. It thus includes the extirpated eastern cougar and extant Florida panther populations.

Western moose
The Western moose (Alces alces andersoni) is a subspecies of moose that inhabits boreal forests and mixed deciduous forests in the Canadian Arctic, western Canadian provinces and a few western sections of the northern United States. It is the second largest North American subspecies of moose, second to the Alaskan moose. This subspecies is prey to timber wolves and bears. Male Western moose are aggressive during mating season (autumn and winter) and may injure or kill with provocation.
Sanford and Son
Sanford and Son is an American sitcom television series that was produced by Tandem Productions and aired on NBC from January 14, 1972, to March 25, 1977. It was based on the British sitcom Steptoe and Son, which initially aired on BBC1, in the United Kingdom, from 1962 to 1974.

Known for its racial humor, running gags, and catchphrases, the series was adapted by Norman Lear and considered NBC's response to CBS's All in the Family. Sanford and Son has been hailed as the precursor to many other Black American sitcoms. It was a hit through its six-season run, finishing in the Nielsen top ten five times.

The series follows Fred G. Sanford, known for his bigotry and cantankerousness, and Lamont Sanford, his long-suffering, conscientious, peacemaker son. Both characters are occasionally involved in get-rich-quick schemes to pay off their various debts.

The show also includes characters Aunt Esther, Grady Wilson, Bubba Bexley, Rollo Lawson, Donna Harris, and Julio Fuentes.

Sitcom
A sitcom (short for situation comedy or situational comedy) is a genre of comedy produced for radio and television, that centers on a recurring cast of characters as they navigate humorous situations within a consistent setting, such as a home, workplace, or community. Unlike sketch comedy, which features different characters and settings in each skit, sitcoms typically maintain plot continuity across episodes. This continuity allows for the development of storylines and characters over time, fostering audience engagement and investment in the characters' lives and relationships.
Eurostar
Eurostar is an international high-speed rail service in Western Europe, connecting Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom through the Channel Tunnel.

The service is operated by the Eurostar Group which was formed from the merger of Eurostar, which operated trains through the Channel Tunnel to the United Kingdom, and Thalys which operated entirely within continental Europe.

Eurostar has transported over 400 million passengers since services began in 1994, including a record 20 million passengers in 2025. The operator is exploring future network expansions and aims to double passenger numbers between 2022 and 2030.

TGV Lyria
TGV Lyria, owned by SNCF, yet jointly operated by SNCF and SBB CFF FFS, is the brand name used for TGV railway lines connecting France and Switzerland. TGV Lyria is also a corporation that runs the service operated by SNCF in France and Swiss Federal Railways (SBB CFF FFS) in Switzerland. Each train has one French and one Swiss train manager on the whole journey.
Sandesh (confectionery)
Sandesh (Bengali: সন্দেশ Shôndesh) is a dessert, originating from the Bengal region in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, created with milk and sugar. Some recipes of sandesh call for the use of chhena or paneer (which is made by curdling the milk and separating the whey from it) instead of milk itself. Some people in the region of Dhaka make a variety of sandesh called pranahara (literally 'heart stealer') which is softer and made with mawa and yogurt. Basirhat is known for its kachagolla sandesh. Historically, it can be seen that the culture of making this kachagolla in Basirhat is about 400 years old. The Gupo or Gufo style of sandesh from Guptipara is considered by some to be the "first branded sweet of Bengal".

Chomchom
Cham cham, Chomchom or chum chum (Bengali: চমচম) is a traditional Bengali sweet, common throughout the Indian subcontinent. The sweet comes in a variety of colours, mainly light pink, light yellow, and white. It is made from chhena and coated with coconut or mawa flakes as a garnish.