hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani
Tamim bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani (Arabic: تميم بن حمد بن خليفة آل ثاني, romanized: Tamīm bin Ḥamad bin Khalīfa Āl Thānī; born 3 June 1980) has reigned as the Emir of Qatar since 25 June 2013, succeeding his father, Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani. Born in Doha, he is the fourth son of the former Emir and his second wife, Moza bint Nasser. Tamim became heir apparent in 2003 after his older brother Sheikh Jassim renounced his claim to the throne.

Abdullah bin Hamad Al Thani
Abdullah bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani (Arabic: عبد الله بن حمد آل ثاني; born 9 February 1988 in Doha) is the Deputy Emir of Qatar and unofficial heir presumptive to the Emir of Qatar. Prior to his appointment as Deputy Emir he was chief of the Amiri Diwan of the State of Qatar.
Anne Robert Jacques Turgot
Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, Baron de l'Aulne (/tʊərˈɡoʊ/ toor-GOH; French: [an ʁɔbɛʁ ʒak tyʁɡo]; 10 May 1727 – 18 March 1781), commonly known as Turgot, was a French economist and statesman. Sometimes considered a physiocrat, he is today best remembered as an early advocate for economic liberalism. He is thought to have been the first political economist to have postulated something like the law of diminishing marginal returns in agriculture.

Charles Alexandre de Calonne
Charles Alexandre de Calonne (20 January 1734 – 30 October 1802), titled Count of Hannonville in 1759, was a French statesman, best known for being Louis XVI's Controller-General of Finances (minister of finance) in the years leading up to the French Revolution.

Calonne attempted repeatedly to pass reforms that lowered government spending and implemented property added value tax among other things, but failed due to popular opposition to his policies from the Parlement and the Assembly of Notables. Realizing that the Parlement of Paris would never agree to reform, Calonne handpicked an Assembly of Notables in 1787 to approve new taxes. When they refused, Calonne's reputation plummeted and he was forced to leave the country.
S79 (New York City bus)
The S79 Select Bus Service constitutes a bus route in Staten Island and Brooklyn, New York, running primarily on Richmond Avenue, Hylan Boulevard, and Narrows Road in Staten Island, and 92nd Street, Fourth Avenue, 86th Street, and Fort Hamilton Parkway in Brooklyn. It is based at the Yukon Depot.

The S78 and S79 were originally one route, but were split in 1990. In 2012, the S79 was converted to Select Bus Service, the first and now-only route in Staten Island to do so. It is the busiest bus route in Staten Island, serving 2.5 million riders in 2024.

S53 and S93 buses
The S53 and S93 constitute a public transit line in New York City, running primarily on Clove Road and utilizing the Verrazzano–Narrows Bridge to travel between Brooklyn and Staten Island. They are operated by the MTA Regional Bus Operations under the New York City Transit Authority brand.
Chaumont, Haute-Marne
Chaumont, also known Chaumont-en-Bassigny (French pronunciation: [ʃomɔ̃ ɑ̃ basiɲi]), is a commune of France, and the prefecture of the Haute-Marne department. As of 2019, it has a population of 21,847.

The city stands on the river Marne and is situated on the Paris-Est–Mulhouse-Ville railway, which runs over a 52 m (171 ft) tall and 600 m (2,000 ft) long viaduct built in 1856. Chaumont station has rail connections to Paris, Reims, Dijon, Mulhouse and regional destinations.

Bar-sur-Aube
Bar-sur-Aube (French: [baʁ syʁ ob] ⓘ, literally Bar on Aube) is a commune and a sub-prefecture in the Aube department in the Grand Est region of France.

Surrounded by hills and Champagne vineyards, the city is traversed by the river Aube, from which it derives its name.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Baralbins or Baralbines and Barsuraubois or Barsurauboises.

The commune has been awarded three flowers by the National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom in the Competition of cities and villages in Bloom.
Tamang language
Tamang (Devanagari: तामाङ; tāmāng) is a term used to collectively refer to a Sino-Tibetian language cluster spoken mainly in Nepal, Sikkim, West Bengal (Darjeeling) and North-Eastern India. It comprises Eastern Tamang, Northwestern Tamang, Southwestern Tamang, Eastern Gorkha Tamang, and Western Tamang. Lexical similarity between Eastern Tamang (which is regarded as the most prominent) and other Tamang languages varies between 81% and 63%. For comparison, the lexical similarity between Spanish and Portuguese is estimated at 89%.

Khaling language
Khaling (kʰɛ̂l brâː ख्या:ल् ब्रा:) is a Kiranti language spoken in Solukhumbu district, Nepal and Sikkim, Darjeeling, and Kalimpong in India. It is one of the few Kiranti languages with tonal contrasts, which are of secondary origin.

Khaling has approximately 15,000 speakers and is therefore considered a vulnerable language. Khaling has a complex system of stem alternations: as many as 10 distinct stems have to be posited for a word (Jacques et al. 2012).  Khaling is very unusual in having an auditory demonstrative (see Jacques and Lahaussois 2014). Khaling is also known as Rai, Khalinge Rai, Khael Bra, and Khael Baat.
Italy men's national basketball team
The Italy men's national basketball team (Italian: Nazionale di pallacanestro dell'Italia) represents Italy in international basketball tournaments. They are administered by the Italian Basketball Federation (FIP).

Italy has qualified for 39 EuroBasket tournaments, winning two gold medals (1983, 1999), four silver medals (1937, 1946, 1991, 1997), and four bronze medals (1971, 1975, 1985, 2003) as achievements. While Italy has made ten trips to the World Cup, the closest they have come to winning a medal was in 1970 and 1978, where they finished fourth. In 13 attempts at the Summer Olympics, Italy has earned two silver medals, in 1980 and 2004.

Currently, Italy is ranked 14th in the FIBA World Ranking.

Romania men's national basketball team
The Romania men's national basketball team (Romanian: Echipa națională de baschet a României) represents Romania in international basketball competition. The team is administered by the Romanian Basketball Federation (FRB).

Romania has qualified for the EuroBasket 18 times throughout their history. Their best tournament results occurred in 1957 and 1967 respectively, where they finished fifth. The national team has also appeared at the Olympic Games once, in 1952. However, Romania has yet to clinch qualification for their first trip to the FIBA World Cup.
Lake Athabasca
Lake Athabasca (/ˌæθəˈbæskə/ ATH-ə-BASK-ə; French: lac Athabasca; from Woods Cree: ᐊᖬᐸᐢᑳᐤ aðapaskāw, "[where] there are plants one after another") is in the north-west corner of Saskatchewan and the north-east corner of Alberta between 58° and 60° N in Canada. The lake is about 26% in Alberta and 74% in Saskatchewan.

The lake is fed by the Athabasca River and other rivers, and its water flows northward via the Slave River to the Mackenzie River system, eventually reaching the Arctic Ocean.

Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo
The Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo (abbreviated RMWB) is a specialized municipality in northeast Alberta, Canada. It is the largest regional municipality in Canada by area, covering 105,650.88 square kilometres (40,792.03 sq mi); this number includes the Wood Buffalo National Park of Canada. It is home to oil sand deposits known as the Athabasca oil sands.
Amarna letter EA 27
Amarna letter EA 27 is a letter  addressed to Amenhotep IV and concerns "The Missing Gold Statues Again".

The letter is dated to a period within the very beginning of the second regnal year of the pharaoh, and was written by Tushratta, who was living at Washukanni. At the time the pharaoh was located at Thebes.

The letter is thought to contain a reference to a royal funeral.

List of Amarna letters by size
This is a List of Amarna letters by size, mostly length X width, and starting with the shortest (in Height). Note: a few Amarna letters are wider than tall, for example EA 290.

It should be understood the definition of "mayor" in the Amarna letters. (The definition of King is relatively obvious). Some mayors are called the "Man Town XXX". The obvious description is to call the mayor a governor, (the man who governs, no matter the size of the City-state; ("governor" means "govern-or"). The power of local governors depended on conflicts, or commercial local successes, or of course the discourses, including the everpresent Habiru, ('Apiru).
Nova (Richard Rider)
Nova (Richard "Rich" Rider) is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character appeared historically as the star of his own series, and at other times, as a supporting character in team books such as The New Warriors. He is a member of the intergalactic police force known as the Nova Corps. He has access to the Nova Force and superhuman abilities including enhanced strength, flight and resistance to injury.

Rocket Raccoon
Rocket Raccoon is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Bill Mantlo and artist Keith Giffen, the character first appeared in Marvel Preview #7 (July 1976). He is an intelligent anthropomorphic raccoon who is an expert marksman, weapon specialist, and master tactician. His name and aspects of his character were inspired by the Beatles' 1968 song "Rocky Raccoon". Rocket Raccoon appeared as a prominent member in the 2008 relaunch of the superhero team Guardians of the Galaxy.

The character has appeared in several media adaptations as a member of that team, including animated television series, toys, and video games. Bradley Cooper voices Rocket in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Guardians of the Galaxy (2014), Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), Avengers: Endgame (2019), Thor: Love and Thunder, The Guardians of the Galaxy Holiday Special (both 2022), and Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3 (2023).
Fitz Lee (Medal of Honor)
Fitz Lee (June 1866 – September 14, 1899) was an American soldier who served as a cavalryman in the United States Army from 1889 to 1899. A Black American Buffalo Soldier, Lee is a recipient of America's highest military decoration—the Medal of Honor—due to his actions at the Battle of Tayacoba during the Spanish–American War. Since 2025, Lee has been the namesake of the Fort Lee army base in Virginia.

William H. Thompkins
William H. Thompkins (October 3, 1872 – September 24, 1916) was a Buffalo Soldier in the United States Army and a recipient of America's highest military decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in the Spanish–American War.  Thompkins and three of his fellow Buffalo Soldiers were the last black servicemen to be presented the Medal of Honor for more than half a century.
Tales of Wells Fargo
Tales of Wells Fargo is an American Western television series starring Dale Robertson in 201 episodes that aired from 1957 to 1962 on NBC. Produced by Revue Productions, the series aired in a half-hour format until its final season, when it expanded to a full hour and switched from black-and-white to color.

Cimarron City (TV series)
Cimarron City is an American one-hour Western television series, starring George Montgomery as Matt Rockford and John Smith as Lane Temple, airing on NBC from October 11, 1958, to September 26, 1959. Cimarron City is a boomtown in Logan County, Oklahoma, north of Oklahoma City. Rich in oil and gold, Cimarron City aspires to become the capital of the future state of Oklahoma, to be created in 1907.
Northland Region
Northland (Māori: Te Tai Tokerau), officially the Northland Region, is the northernmost of New Zealand's 16 local government regions. The region is known for its warm weather. The major population centre is the city of Whangārei, and the largest town is Kerikeri. At the 2018 New Zealand census, Northland recorded a population growth spurt of 18.1% since the previous 2013 census, placing it as the fastest growing region in New Zealand, ahead of other strong growth regions such as the Bay of Plenty Region (2nd with 15%) and Waikato (3rd with 13.5%).

Gisborne District
Gisborne District or the Gisborne Region (Māori: Te Tairāwhiti or Te Tai Rāwhiti) is a local government area of northeastern New Zealand. It is governed by Gisborne District Council, a unitary authority (with the combined powers of a district and regional council). It is named after its largest settlement, the city of Gisborne. The region is also commonly referred to as the East Coast.

The region is commonly divided into the East Cape and Poverty Bay. It is bounded by mountain ranges to the west, rugged country to the south, and faces east onto the Pacific Ocean.
Sergei Osipov (artist)
Sergei Ivanovich Osipov (Russian: Серге́й Ива́нович О́сипов; 22 September 1915  – 12 October 1985) was a Soviet painter, graphic artist, and art teacher, who lived and worked in Leningrad, a member of the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation. He regarded as one of the representatives of the Leningrad school of painting, most known for his landscape and still life paintings.

Andrei Mylnikov
Andrei Andreevich Mylnikov (Russian: Андре́й Андре́евич Мы́льников) (22 February 1919 in Pokrovsk, Saratov Governorate – 16 May 2012 in Saint Petersburg) was a Russian and Soviet painter and art educator, People's Artist of the Russian Federation, Stalin Prize winner, and Lenin Prize winner, who lived and worked in Saint Petersburg. He was a member of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists (former Leningrad Union of Artists), and professor of painting of the Repin Institute of Arts, regarded as one of the brightest representatives of the Soviet art, who played an important role in the formation of the Leningrad school of painting.
Eastern Province, Sri Lanka
The Eastern Province (Sinhala: නැගෙනහිර පළාත Næ̆gĕnahira Paḷāta, Tamil: கிழக்கு மாகாணம் Kiḻakku Mākāṇam) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka, the first level administrative division of the country. The provinces have existed since the 19th century but did not have any legal status until 1987 when the 13th Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka established provincial councils. Between 1988 and 2006 the province was temporarily merged with the Northern Province to form the North Eastern Province. The capital of the province is Trincomalee. Kalmunai is the largest and most populous city of Eastern Province.

Trincomalee District
Trincomalee District (Tamil: திருக்கோணமலை மாவட்டம் Tirukkōṇamalai Māvaṭṭam; Sinhala: ත්‍රිකුණාමළය දිස්ත්‍රික්කය Trikuṇāmalaya distrikkaya) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka, the second level administrative division of the country. The district is administered by a District Secretariat headed by a District Secretary (previously known as a Government Agent) appointed by the central government of Sri Lanka. The capital of the district is the city of Trincomalee.
Hyūga Province
Hyūga Province (日向国, Hyūga no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [çɯꜜː.ɡa (no kɯ.ɲi), çɯꜜː.ŋa-]) was a province of Japan in the area of southeastern Kyushu, corresponding to modern Miyazaki Prefecture Hyūga bordered on Ōsumi to the south, Higo to the west, and Bungo to the north. Its abbreviated form name was Kōshū (向州), although it was also called Nisshū (日州). In terms of the Gokishichidō system, Hyūga was one of the provinces of the Saikaidō circuit. Under the Engishiki classification system, Hyūga was ranked as one of the "middle countries" (中国) in terms of importance, and one of the "far countries" (遠国) in terms of distance from the capital.

Kyūshū campaign
The Kyūshū campaign of 1586–1587 was part of the campaigns of Toyotomi Hideyoshi who sought to dominate Japan at the end of the Sengoku period. Having subjugated much of Honshū and Shikoku, Hideyoshi turned his attention to the southernmost of the main Japanese islands, Kyūshū.
Chinchilla, Queensland
Chinchilla is a rural town and locality in the Western Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. Chinchilla is known as the 'Melon Capital of Australia', and plays host to a Melon Festival every second year in February.

In the 2021 census, the locality of Chinchilla had a population of 7,068 people.

Taroom
Taroom /təˈruːm/ is a town in the Shire of Banana and locality split between the Shire of Banana and the Western Downs Region in Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Taroom had a population of 885 people.
British Battalion
The British Battalion (1936–1938; officially the Saklatvala Battalion) was the 16th (from November 1937 the 57th) battalion of the XV International Brigade, one of the mixed brigades of the International Brigades, during the Spanish Civil War. It comprised British, Irish and Dominion volunteers.

Dimitrov Battalion
The Dimitrov Battalion was part of the International Brigades during the Spanish Civil War. It was the 18th battalion formed, and was named after Georgi Dimitrov, a Bulgarian communist and General Secretary of the Comintern in that period.
Dream interpretation
Dream interpretation is the process of assigning meaning to dreams. In many ancient societies, such as those of Egypt and Greece, dreaming was considered a supernatural communication or a means of divine intervention, whose message could be interpreted by people with these associated spiritual powers. In the modern era, various schools of psychology and neurobiology have offered theories about the meaning and purpose of dreams.

Free association (psychology)
Free association is the expression (as by speaking or writing) of the content of consciousness without censorship as an aid in gaining access to unconscious processes. The technique is used in psychoanalysis (and also in psychodynamic theory) which was originally devised by Sigmund Freud out of the hypnotic method of his mentor and colleague, Josef Breuer.

Freud described it as such: "The importance of free association is that the patients spoke for themselves, rather than repeating the ideas of the analyst; they work through their own material, rather than parroting another's suggestions."
East Slavs
The East Slavs are a subgroup of the Slavs who speak East Slavic languages and inhabit Eastern Europe. They formed the majority of the population of the medieval state Kievan Rus', which they consider their cultural ancestor. Belarusians, Russians and Ukrainians are the existing East Slavic groups. Rusyns and Don Cossacks are sometimes considered a separate nation, though they are often considered a subgroup of Ukrainians and Russians.

Meryans
The Meryans (Russian: меряне, romanized: meryane) or Merya people (Russian: меря, romanized: merya) were an ancient Finnic people that lived in the Upper Volga region. The Primary Chronicle places them around the Nero and Pleshcheyevo lakes. They were assimilated by the Russians by the 17th century, but there has been a modern revival of Meryan culture and language, termed Meryan ethnofuturism.
&TV
&TV, also known as And TV, is a Hindi-language entertainment channel owned by Zee Entertainment Enterprises (ZEEL). Launched as a general entertainment channel from ZEEL group, it started broadcasting on 2 March 2015 with internationally in Middle East. On 6 April 2015, &TV launched in UK replace Lamhe. On 1 June 2019, &TV was closed in the UK due to the launch of ZEE5. On 11 November 2024, &TV relaunched in the UK on Samsung TV Plus and Rakuten tv on 10 March 2025.

Star Bharat
Star Bharat is an Indian Hindi-language general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Viacom18 and Disney India. It was launched on 28 August 2017, rebranded from Life OK. The channel broadcasts a mix of original programming, including mythological dramas, crime thrillers, family dramas, and comedy shows, targeting a broad Hindi-speaking audience in India. Notable shows that have aired on the channel include RadhaKrishn, Savdhaan India, Nimki Mukhiya, Kya Haal, Mr. Paanchal? and Jiji Maa.

Star One was rebranded as Life OK in India on 18 December 2011. It was then rebranded again on 28 August 2017 as Star Bharat.

Star Bharat rebranded with a new logo and graphics package on 25 July 2022, during the finale of the scripted reality show Swayamvar – Mika Di Vohti. The new slogan was Dil Deke Dekho Zara (Give Your Heart Away and See).
Mikhail Natarevich
Mikhail Davidovich Natarevich (Russian: Михаи́л Дави́дович Натаре́вич; September 29, 1907 – February 23, 1979) was a Soviet, Russian painter who lived and worked in Leningrad; he was a member of the Leningrad Union of Artists, and was regarded as one of the brightest representatives of the Leningrad School of Painting.

Anatoli Vasiliev
Anatoli Ilych Vasiliev (Russian: Анато́лий Ильи́ч Васи́льев; 18 March 1917 – 4 June 1994) was a Russian and Soviet realist painter, who lived and worked in Leningrad. He was a member of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists (before 1992 named as the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation), and regarded as one of the representatives of the Leningrad school of painting, most famous for his historical paintings and etudes done from nature.
Passerine
A passerine (/ˈpæsəraɪn/) is any bird of the order Passeriformes (/ˈpæsərɪfɔːrmiːz/; from Latin passer 'sparrow' and formis '-shaped') which includes more than half of all bird species. Sometimes known as perching birds, passerines generally have an anisodactyl arrangement of their toes (three pointing forward and one back), which facilitates perching.

With more than 140 families and some 6,500 identified species, Passeriformes is the largest order of birds and one of the most diverse clades of terrestrial vertebrates, representing 60% of birds. Passerines are divided into three suborders: New Zealand wrens; Suboscines, primarily found in North and South America; and songbirds. Passerines originated in the Southern Hemisphere around 60 million years ago.

Most passerines are insectivorous or omnivorous, and eat both insects and fruit or seeds.

Crescentchest
The crescentchests are a genus, Melanopareia, of suboscine passerine birds from South America. The genus has long been placed with the tapaculos in the family Rhinocryptidae. Their placement there has been questioned and in 2007 the genus was placed in its own family, Melanopareiidae, by the South American Classification Committee. Subsequently, the family was accepted by the International Ornithological Congress Bird List and the Clements Checklist. The family Melanopareiidae was formally erected in 2009.
University of Maryland, Baltimore County
The University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) is a public research university in Catonsville, Maryland, United States. It had a fall 2025 enrollment of 13,530 students. In 2019, it had 61 undergraduate majors, over 92 graduate programs (38 master, 25 doctoral, and 29 graduate certificate programs) and the first university research park in Maryland. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Research Activity".

Established as a part of the University System of Maryland in 1966, the university became the first public college or university in Maryland to be inclusive of all races. UMBC has the fourth highest enrollment of the University System of Maryland, specializing in natural sciences and engineering, as well as programs in the liberal arts and social sciences.  Its athletic teams are known as the UMBC Retrievers and participate in the America East Conference.

University of Baltimore
The University of Baltimore (UBalt, UB) is a public university in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is part of the University System of Maryland. UBalt consists of four colleges in applied arts and sciences, business, law, and public affairs. The University of Baltimore School of Law is one of Maryland's two law schools.
U.S. Route 52 in South Carolina
U.S. Route 52 (US 52) is an east–west United States Numbered Highway that runs for 159.960-mile (257.431 km) from Charleston to the North Carolina state line near Cheraw. It serves as a strategic highway through the central part of the state.

U.S. Route 301 in South Carolina
U.S. Route 301 (US 301) is a 189.704-mile (305.299 km) U.S. Highway that travels north–south from the Savannah River southwest of Allendale to Hamer approaching the South of the Border roadside attraction complex.