hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
G-type main-sequence star
A G-type main-sequence star is a main-sequence star of spectral type G. The spectral luminosity class is V.  Such a star has about 0.9 to 1.1 solar masses and an effective temperature between about 5,300 and 6,000 K (5,000 and 5,700 °C; 9,100 and 10,000 °F).  Like other main-sequence stars, a G-type main-sequence star converts the element hydrogen to helium in its core by means of nuclear fusion.

The Sun is an example of a G-type main-sequence star (more specifically a G2V star). Each second, the Sun fuses approximately 600 million tons of hydrogen into helium in a process known as the proton–proton chain (4 hydrogens form 1 helium), converting about 4 million tons of matter to energy. Besides the Sun, other well-known examples of G-type main-sequence stars include Alpha Centauri, Tau Ceti, and 51 Pegasi.

Metallicity
In astronomy, metallicity is the abundance of elements present in an object that are heavier than hydrogen and helium. Most of the normal currently detectable (i.e. non-dark) matter in the universe is either hydrogen or helium, and astronomers use the word metals as convenient shorthand for all elements except hydrogen and helium. This word-use is distinct from the conventional chemical or physical definition of a metal as an electrically conducting element. Stars and nebulae with relatively high abundances of heavier elements are called metal-rich when discussing metallicity, even though many of those elements are called nonmetals in chemistry.
Sumay-ye Jonubi Rural District
Sumay-ye Jonubi Rural District (Persian: دهستان صومائ جنوبي) is in Sumay-ye Beradust District of Urmia County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Hashtian. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Hovarsin.

West Azerbaijan province
West Azerbaijan province (Persian: استان آذربایجان غربی) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, whose capital and largest city is Urmia.

It is in the northwest of the country, bordered by Turkey (Ağrı, Hakkâri, Iğdır and Van Provinces), Iraq (Erbil and Sulaymaniyah Governorates) and Azerbaijan's Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, as well as the Iranian provinces of East Azerbaijan, Zanjan, and Kurdistan. West Azerbaijan province is part of Region 3. It is separated from Armenia by Turkey's short border with the Azerbaijan Republic. The province covers an area of 39,487 km2, or 43,660 km2 including Lake Urmia.
Treebeard
Treebeard, or Fangorn in Sindarin, is a tree-giant character in J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings. He is an Ent and is said by Gandalf to be "the oldest living thing that still walks beneath the Sun upon this Middle-earth." He lives in the ancient Forest of Fangorn, to which he has given his name. It lies at the southern end of the Misty Mountains. He is described as being at least 14 feet (4.5 m) in height.

In The Two Towers, Treebeard meets with Merry Brandybuck and Pippin Took, two Hobbits of the Shire. This meeting proves to have consequences that contribute significantly to the story and enables the events that occur in The Return of the King.

Lothlórien
In J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, Lothlórien or Lórien is the fairest realm of the Elves remaining in Middle-earth during the Third Age. It is ruled by Galadriel and Celeborn from their city of tree houses at Caras Galadhon. The wood-elves of the realm are called Galadhrim.

The realm, a broad woodland between the Misty Mountains and the River Anduin, is the Elven centre of resistance against the Dark Lord Sauron in The Lord of the Rings. Galadriel had one of the Three Elf-Rings, and used it to keep Sauron from seeing into Lothlórien. The Company of the Ring spent some time in Lothlórien after passing through Moria. Galadriel prepared them for their quest with individual gifts.

Scholars have noted that Lothlórien represents variously an Earthly Paradise; an Elfland where time is different, reflecting the traditions of European folklore; and a land of light striving biblically with the darkness of evil.
Townland
A townland (Irish: baile fearainn; Ulster-Scots: toonlann) is a traditional small land division used in Ireland and in the Western Isles of Scotland, typically covering 100–500 acres (40–202 ha). The townland system is of medieval Gaelic origin, predating the Norman invasion, and most have Irish-derived names. However, some townland names and boundaries come from Norman manors, plantation divisions, or later creations of the Ordnance Survey. Townlands cover the whole island of Ireland, and the total number of inhabited townlands in Ireland was 60,679 in 1911. The total number recognised by the Placenames Database of Ireland as of 2014 was 61,098, including uninhabited townlands.

Annaclone
Annaclone (from Irish Eanach Luain, meaning 'marsh of the haunch-like hill') is a village and civil parish between Rathfriland and Banbridge in south County Down, Northern Ireland, about 7 km south-east of Banbridge. The village is situated in the townlands of Ardbrin and Tullintanvally and both it and the civil parish are located in the historic barony of Iveagh Upper, Upper Half. It had a population of 190 people (85 households) in the 2021 census.

The geography of Annaclone is typical of much of the area around the Mourne Mountains with rolling drumlins and farmland. Nearby Corbet Lough is visited by anglers while the highest point of the parish, locally known as 'the Knock', has views of the Mourne Mountains towards the south and Slieve Croob towards the north east.
Sheikh
Sheikh (/ʃeɪk, ʃiːk/ SHAYK, SHEEK, Arabic: شَيْخ, romanized: shaykh [ʃajx], commonly [ʃeːχ], plural: شُيُوخ, shuyūkh [ʃujuːx]) is an honorific title in the Arabic language, literally meaning "elder". It commonly designates a tribal chief or a Muslim scholar.

In some countries, it is given as a surname to those of great knowledge in religious affairs, by a prestigious religious leader from a chain of Sufi scholars. The word is mentioned in the Qur'an in three places: verse 72 of Hud, 78 of Yusuf, and 23 of al-Qasas.

Royal family members of the United Arab Emirates and some other Arab countries also have this title, since the ruler of each emirate is also the sheikh of their tribe.

House of Thani
The House of Thani (Arabic: آل ثاني, romanised: Āl Thānī) is the ruling family of Qatar, with origins tracing back to the Adnanite Banu Tamim tribe. Currently, Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani leads the house.

Officially, the House of Thani rules Qatar as a constitutional monarchy, but the wide powers retained by the emir and his family have it bordering an absolute monarchy and autocracy.
Epsom Oaks
The Oaks Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to three-year-old fillies. It is run at Epsom Downs over a distance of 1 mile, 4 furlongs and 6 yards (2,420 metres), about 1½ miles, and it is scheduled to take place each year in late May or early June. It is the second-oldest of the five Classic races, after the St Leger. Officially the Betfred Oaks, it is also popularly known as simply The Oaks. It has increasingly come to be referred to as the Epsom Oaks in both the UK and overseas countries, although 'Epsom' is not part of the official title of the race.

It is the third of Britain's five Classic races to be held during the season, and the second of two restricted to fillies. It can also serve as the middle leg of the Fillies Triple Crown, preceded by the 1000 Guineas and followed by the St Leger, although the feat of winning all three is rarely attempted.

Filly
A filly is a female horse that is too young to be called a mare. In most cases, a filly is a female horse under four years old. In some nations, such as the United Kingdom and the United States, the world of horse racing sets the cutoff age for fillies as five years old. Fillies are sexually mature by two and are sometimes bred at that age, but generally, they should not be bred until they themselves have stopped growing, usually by four or five. The equivalent term for a male is a colt. When horses of either sex are less than one year, they are referred to as foals.
Criticize (song)
"Criticize"  is a song by the American singer Alexander O'Neal, written by O'Neal and Jellybean Johnson. It was the second single from O'Neal's second solo album, Hearsay (1987). The song's distinctive backing vocals were performed by Lisa Keith.

Fake (Alexander O'Neal song)
"Fake" is a song written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and recorded by American recording artist Alexander O'Neal. It is the first single from the O'Neal's second studio album, Hearsay (1987). It is one of the artist's most recognizable signature songs and a favorite of many O'Neal fans worldwide.
Eberardo Pavesi
Eberardo Pavesi (2 November 1883 – 11 November 1974) was an Italian professional road racing cyclist.

Pavesi was born in Colturano, province of Milan.

The highlight of his career was at the 1912 Giro d'Italia when he rode with the victorious Atala team, the General classification being contested by teams rather than by individual riders that year.

He was later a team director, having under him racers such as Gino Bartali. He died in Milan in 1974.

Luigi Ganna
Luigi Ganna (1 December 1883 – 2 October 1957) was an Italian professional road racing cyclist. He was the overall winner of the first Giro d'Italia, held in 1909, as well as the first Italian winner of the classic Milan–San Remo earlier that year. Further highlights in his career were his fifth place in the 1908 Tour de France and several podium places in Italian classic races. In 1908, he set a new Italian hour record, which he held for six years.

He was born in Induno Olona, near Varese, in Lombardy. Before becoming a professional cyclist, he worked as a bricklayer, commuting up to 100 km to work by bike.

In 1912, he started a bike brand named Ganna which was still around in 2012. In 1913, he started the Ganna Cycling team where he rode for the final three years of his career. His company sponsored the team until 1953 when they could no longer meet obligations and Nivea–Fuchs took over.
Scottish League Cup
The Scottish League Cup, also known as the Premier Sports Cup for sponsorship reasons, is a football competition open to all Scottish Professional Football League (SPFL) clubs. First held in 1946–47, it is the oldest national League cup in existence. The competition had a straight knockout format but became a group and knockout competition from 2016–17.

Rangers are the record holders of the cup, winning 28 times. St Mirren are the current holders, winning their 2nd title after beating Celtic 3–1 at Hampden Park on 14 December 2025.

The domestic television rights are held by Premier Sports who replaced BT Sport from the 2019–20 season.

2009–10 Scottish League Cup
The 2009–10 Scottish League Cup was the 64th season of the Scotland's second most prestigious football knockout competition, also known for sponsorship reasons as the Co-operative Insurance Cup. Rangers won the cup beating St Mirren 1–0 thanks to a goal from Kenny Miller.

The format of the competition was changed due to six Scottish clubs qualifying for European competition, two SPL clubs entered in the First Round.
All-America Rose Selections
The All-America Rose Selections (AARS) is an award that was given annually, from 1940 to 2013, by the American rose industry to an outstanding new rose variety. The AARS selection was regarded as the most prestigious rose prize in the United States for 73 years. AARS was discontinued after 2013, and was replaced in 2016 by the new American Garden Rose Selections (AGRS) program.

Rosa 'Henry Fonda'
Rosa 'Henry Fonda'  (aka JACyes) is a bright yellow Hybrid tea rose cultivar, bred by American hybridizer, Jack E. Christensen in 1995. The rose was named for film and stage actor, Henry Fonda. It was introduced in the U.S. by Bear Creek Gardens, Inc. in 1996.
Light-year
A light-year, alternatively spelled light year (ly or lyr), is a unit of length used to express astronomical distances and is equal to exactly 9460730472580.8 km, which is approximately 9.46 trillion kilometres or 5.88 trillion miles. As defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), a light-year is the distance that light travels in vacuum in one Julian year (365.25 days). Despite its inclusion of the word "year", the term is not a unit of time.

The light-year is most often used when expressing distances to stars and other distances on a galactic scale, especially in non-specialist contexts and popular science publications. The unit most commonly used in professional astronomy is the parsec (pc), approximately 3.26 light-years.

V1054 Ophiuchi
V1054 Ophiuchi, together with the star Gliese 643, is a nearby quintuple star system, located in the constellation Ophiuchus at a distance of 21.2 light-years. It consists of five stars, all of which are red dwarfs. The alternative designation of Wolf 630 forms the namesake of a moving group of stars that share a similar motion through space.
Wayne Peterson (racing driver)
For the American composer, pianist, and educator, see Wayne Peterson.

Wayne Peterson (born May 24, 1938) is an American professional stock car racing owner/driver and former paratrooper and United States Army Special Forces member. He currently operates Wayne Peterson Racing, a team in the ARCA Menards Series.

Fast Track Racing
Fast Track Racing (also known as Fast Track High-Performance Racing or Fast Track Racing Enterprises) is an American professional stock car racing team that currently competes full time in the ARCA Menards Series and ARCA Menards Series East, fielding the Nos. 9, 10, and 11 for various drivers, and the No. 12 Toyota Camry for Takuma Koga. They also compete part-time in the ARCA Menards Series West. The team has also competed in the NASCAR Nextel Cup Series, the NASCAR Busch Series, and the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, as well as the IndyCar Series in the past.
Theo van Gogh (art dealer)
Theodorus "Theo" van Gogh (Dutch: [teːjoːˈdoːrʏs ˈteːjoː vɑŋ ˈɣɔx]; 1 May 1857 – 25 January 1891) was a Dutch art dealer and a younger brother of Vincent van Gogh. His support of his older brother's artistic ambitions and well-being allowed Vincent to devote himself entirely to painting. As an art dealer, Van Gogh played a crucial role in introducing contemporary French art to the public.

Van Gogh died at the age of 33, six months after his brother's death at age 37. Van Gogh owned almost all of his brother's artwork. His widow, Johanna van Gogh-Bonger, worked to promote the work of Vincent and keep the memory of her husband alive. In 1914, Van Gogh's remains were buried next to those of his brother Vincent.

Paul Gachet
Paul-Ferdinand Gachet (30 July 1828 – 9 January 1909) was a French physician most famous for treating the painter Vincent van Gogh during his last weeks in Auvers-sur-Oise. Gachet was a great supporter of artists and the Impressionist movement. He was an amateur painter, signing his works "Paul van Ryssel", referring to his birthplace: Rijsel is the Dutch name of Lille.
Network18 Group
Network18 Media & Investments Limited (d/b/a Network18 Group) is an Indian media conglomerate owned by the Reliance Industries with 56.89% share headed by Mukesh Ambani and rest of 43.11% is equity holding. Rahul Joshi is the managing director, chief executive officer and group editor-in-chief, and Adil Zainulbhai is the chairman of its board of directors.

Incorporated in 1996 by Geeta and Rakesh Gupta, the company was acquired by Ritu Kapur and Raghav Bahl to be converted into a conglomerate holding company between 2003 and 2006. It oversaw one of the largest collections of media properties in India following its conversion but became encumbered with debt due to aggressive expansions. In 2012, the company entered into a debt agreement with Reliance Industries, through which it was granted a number of channels from the ETV Network. The agreement eventually enabled a hostile takeover of the company in 2014.

Rajeev Masand
Rajeev Masand  (born 13 March 1976) is an Indian film critic and journalist. He has worked for Noida based English language news channel CNN-Indian Broadcasting Network (CNN-IBN). He usually reviews Bollywood films and major Hollywood films released in India in his weekend show Now Showing. He has joined Dharma Productions as a talent manager.
Mick LaSalle
Mick LaSalle (born May 7, 1959) is an American film critic and the author of two books on pre-Code Hollywood. Up to March 2008, he had written more than 1,550 reviews for the San Francisco Chronicle and he has been podcasting them since September 2005.

Kevin Thomas (film critic)
Kevin Thomas (born June 12, 1936) is an American film critic who wrote reviews on a regular basis for the Los Angeles Times from 1962 until 2005. His long tenure makes him the longest-running film critic among major United States newspapers.

Thomas is known for giving fairly positive reviews compared to other critics, and certainly less critical than Kenneth Turan, who joined the Los Angeles Times in 1991. However, Thomas also gained fame after being punched in the nose by Tommy Sands, whose acting he criticized in a review of None but the Brave (1965).
Patron saint
A patron saint, patroness saint, patron hallow or heavenly protector is a saint who in Catholicism, Anglicanism, Eastern Orthodoxy or Oriental Orthodoxy is regarded as the heavenly advocate of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, clan, family, or person.

The term may be applied to individuals to whom similar roles are ascribed in other religions.

Aloysius Gonzaga
Aloysius de Gonzaga, SJ (Italian: Luigi Gonzaga; 9 March 1568 – 21 June 1591) was an Italian aristocrat who became a member of the Society of Jesus. While still a student at the Roman College, he died as a result of caring for the victims of a serious epidemic. He was beatified in 1605 and canonized in 1726.
Conference USA
Conference USA (CUSA) is a collegiate athletic conference of member institutions in the Southern and Western United States. The conference participates in the NCAA's Division I in all sports, with football competing in the top-level Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS). CUSA's offices are located in Dallas, Texas.

Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football
The Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team represents Louisiana Tech University in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level. After 12 seasons in the Western Athletic Conference, Louisiana Tech began competing as a member of Conference USA in 2013.

Since its first season in 1901, Louisiana Tech has compiled an all-time record of 653 wins, 508 losses, and 37 ties. In 121 football seasons, the Bulldogs have won 3 Division II national championships, won 25 conference championships, and played in 30 postseason games, including 15 major college bowl games. Since 1968, the Bulldogs have played their home games at Joe Aillet Stadium in Ruston, Louisiana. The program's current head coach is Sonny Cumbie.

The Bulldogs will join the Sun Belt Conference as a full member no later than July 1, 2027.
Andy Hamilton (darts player)
Andrew Hamilton (born 16 March 1967), nicknamed the Hammer, is an English professional darts player who formerly competed in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events, finishing as runner-up in three majors: the 2012 PDC World Championship, 2007 Grand Slam and 2013 UK Open.

2012 Players Championship Finals
The 2012 Cash Converters Players Championship Finals was the fifth edition of the PDC darts tournament, the Players Championship Finals, which saw the top 32 players from the 2012 PDC Players Championship Order of Merit taking part. The tournament took place from 30 November–2 December 2012 at the Butlin's Resort Minehead in Minehead, England. This was the second Players Championship Final to be held before the PDC World Championship.

Kevin Painter was the defending champion, but he lost to Michael van Gerwen in the first round.

Phil Taylor won his third and final Players Championship Finals title with a 13–6 victory over Kim Huybrechts in the final.
Merseyrail
Merseyrail is a commuter rail network which serves the Liverpool City Region, and the surrounding areas, in the North West of England. Since 2003, the network has been run as a concession, held by Serco and Transport UK Group.

It was established in 1977, when existing railway lines were connected by constructing new tunnels under Liverpool City Centre and Birkenhead. The network has since been expanded, with new stations built, and electrification of existing lines. Today, Merseyrail serves 69 stations, 67 of which it manages, across two lines – the Northern line and the Wirral line. The network uses 750 V DC third rail electrified lines having 76 miles (122 km) of routes, of which 6.5 miles (10.5 km) are underground. The network uses the Class 777 trains based on the Stadler METRO platform. The network carried 28.3 million passengers in 2023/2024.

Train station
A train station, railroad station, or railway station is a railway facility where trains stop to load or unload passengers, freight, or both. It generally consists of at least one platform, one track, and a station building providing such ancillary services as ticket sales, waiting rooms, and baggage/freight service. Stations on a single-track line often have a passing loop to accommodate trains travelling in the opposite direction.

Locations at which passengers only occasionally board or leave a train, sometimes consisting of a short platform and a waiting area but sometimes indicated by no more than a sign, are variously referred to as "stops", "flag stops", "halts", or "provisional stopping places". The stations themselves may be at ground level, underground, or elevated. Connections may be available to intersecting rail lines or other transport modes such as buses, trams, or other rapid transit systems.
Machine gun
A machine gun (MG) is a fully automatic and rifled firearm designed for sustained direct fire. Automatic firearms of 20 mm (0.79 in) caliber or more are classified as autocannons rather than machine guns.

As a class of military kinetic projectile weapons, machine guns are designed to be mainly used as infantry support weapons and generally used when attached to a bipod or tripod, a fixed mount or a heavy weapons platform for stability against recoil. Many machine guns also use belt feeding and open bolt operation, features not normally found on other infantry firearms.

Machine guns can be further categorized as light machine guns, medium machine guns, heavy machine guns, general-purpose machine guns, and squad automatic weapons. Submachine guns are not classified as machine guns as they fire handgun rather than rifle cartridges.

Tank gun
A tank gun or tank cannon is the main armament of a tank. Modern tank guns are high-velocity, large-caliber artillery capable of firing kinetic energy penetrators, high-explosive anti-tank, and cannon-launched guided projectiles. Additional weapons, such as anti-aircraft guns, heavy machine guns and rocket launchers can also be mounted to tanks.

As the tank's primary armament, they are almost always employed in a direct fire mode to defeat a variety of ground targets at all ranges, including dug-in infantry, lightly armored vehicles, and especially other heavily armored tanks. They must provide accuracy, range, penetration, and rapid fire in a package that is as compact and lightweight as possible, to allow mounting in the cramped confines of an armored gun turret. Tank guns generally use self-contained ammunition, allowing rapid loading (or use of an autoloader). They often display a bulge in the barrel, which is a bore evacuator, or a device on the muzzle, which is a muzzle brake.