hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Engineer
An engineer is a practitioner of engineering. The word engineer (Latin ingeniator, Ir is the term and or title of an engineer in countries like Belgium, The Netherlands, and Indonesia) is derived from the Latin words ingeniare ("to contrive, devise") and ingenium ("cleverness"). The foundational qualifications of a licensed professional engineer typically include a four-year bachelor's degree in an engineering discipline, or in some jurisdictions, a master's degree in an engineering discipline plus four to six years of peer-reviewed professional practice (culminating in a project report or thesis) and passage of engineering board examinations.

The work of engineers forms the link between scientific discoveries and their subsequent applications to human and business needs and quality of life.

Naval architecture
Naval architecture, or naval engineering, is an engineering discipline incorporating elements of mechanical, electrical, electronic, software and safety engineering as applied to the engineering design process, shipbuilding, maintenance, and operation of marine vessels and structures. Naval architecture involves basic and applied research, design, development, design evaluation (classification) and calculations during all stages of the life of a marine vehicle. Preliminary design of the vessel, its detailed design, construction, trials, operation and maintenance, launching and dry-docking are the main activities involved. Ship design calculations are also required for ships being modified (by means of conversion, rebuilding, modernization, or repair). Naval architecture also involves formulation of safety regulations and damage-control rules and the approval and certification of ship designs to meet statutory and non-statutory requirements.
Elijah (oratorio)
Elijah (German: Elias), Op. 70, MWV A 25, is an oratorio by Felix Mendelssohn depicting events in the life of the Prophet Elijah as told in the books 1 Kings and 2 Kings of the Old Testament. It premiered on 26 August 1846.

Judas Maccabaeus (Handel)
Judas Maccabaeus (HWV 63) is an oratorio in three acts composed in 1746 by George Frideric Handel based on a libretto written by Thomas Morell. The oratorio was devised as a compliment to the victorious Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland upon his return from the Battle of Culloden (16 April 1746). Other catalogues of Handel's music have referred to the work as HG xxii; and HHA 1/24.
Tự Đức
Tự Đức (Hanoi: [tɯ̂ ɗɯ́k], chữ Hán: 嗣德, lit. 'inheritance of virtues', 22 September 1829 – 19 July 1883) (personal name: Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Nhậm, also Nguyễn Phúc Thì) was the fourth emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty of Vietnam, and the country's last pre-colonial monarch. Ruling for about 36 years from 1847 to 1883, this made him the longest reigning Nguyễn emperor.

Phan Thanh Giản
Phan Thanh Giản (11 November 1796– 4 August 1867) was a Grand Counsellor at the Nguyễn court in Vietnam.  He led an diplomatic mission to France in 1863, and committed suicide when France completed the invasion of Southern Vietnam (Cochinchine) in 1867.
Silicon dioxide
Silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula SiO2, commonly found in nature as quartz. In many parts of the world, silica is the major constituent of sand. Silica is one of the most complex and abundant families of materials, existing as a compound of several minerals and as a synthetic product. Examples include fused quartz, fumed silica, opal, and aerogels. It is used in structural materials, microelectronics, and as components in the food and pharmaceutical industries. All forms are white or colorless, although impure samples can be colored and/or opaque.

Silicon dioxide is a common fundamental constituent of glass.

Matrix (geology)
The matrix or groundmass of a rock is the finer-grained mass of material in which larger grains, crystals, or clasts are embedded.

The matrix of an igneous rock consists of finer-grained, often microscopic, crystals in which larger crystals, called phenocrysts, are embedded. This porphyritic texture is indicative of multi-stage cooling of magma. For example, porphyritic andesite will have large phenocrysts of plagioclase in a fine-grained matrix. Also in South Africa, diamonds are often mined from a matrix of weathered clay-like rock (kimberlite) called "yellow ground".

The matrix of sedimentary rocks is finer-grained sedimentary material, such as clay or silt, in which larger grains or clasts are embedded. It is also used to describe the rock material in which a fossil is embedded.
Hawke's Bay
Hawke's Bay (Māori: Te Matau-a-Māui) is a region on the east coast of New Zealand's North Island. The region is named after Hawke Bay, which was named in honour of Edward Hawke. The region's main centres are the cities of Napier and Hastings, while the more rural parts of the region are served by the towns of Waipukurau, Waipawa, and Wairoa.

Northland Region
Northland (Māori: Te Tai Tokerau), officially the Northland Region, is the northernmost of New Zealand's 16 local government regions. The region is known for its warm weather. The major population centre is the city of Whangārei, and the largest town is Kerikeri. At the 2018 New Zealand census, Northland recorded a population growth spurt of 18.1% since the previous 2013 census, placing it as the fastest growing region in New Zealand, ahead of other strong growth regions such as the Bay of Plenty Region (2nd with 15%) and Waikato (3rd with 13.5%).
Nathan Cayless
Nathan Frederick Cayless (born 28 March 1978) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s, and has coached in the 2010s. He played at representative level for New Zealand (captain), and at club level in the National Rugby League (NRL) for the Parramatta Eels, for whom he was a long-time captain, as a prop. He captained the New Zealand national team to a Rugby League World Cup victory over Australia in the 2008 Rugby League World Cup, and coached at club level in the Intrust Super Premiership for the Wentworthville Magpies from 2016 to 2018.

Stephen Kearney
Stephen Peter Kearney ONZM (born 11 June 1972) is a New Zealand professional rugby league football coach who until 2020 was the head coach of the New Zealand Warriors in the NRL and a former player.

A New Zealand national captain and second-row forward, Kearney's club football career, which spanned from the early 1990s to the mid-2000s, was played for the Randwick Kingfishers, Western Suburbs Magpies, Auckland Warriors, Melbourne Storm (with whom he won the 1999 NRL Premiership), and Hull F.C. (with whom he won the 2005 Challenge Cup).

Kearney was previously the head coach of the New Zealand national team, with whom he won the 2008 World Cup and 2011 Four Nations tournaments. He also previously coached the Parramatta Eels in the National Rugby League.
Shepherd's Bush Market tube station
Shepherd's Bush Market is a London Underground station in the district of Shepherd's Bush in west London, England. It is on the Circle and Hammersmith & City Lines, between Goldhawk Road and Wood Lane stations, and it is in London fare zone 2. Shepherd's Bush Market, from which the station takes its name, is an open-air market which runs parallel to the railway line.

Hammersmith tube station (Circle and Hammersmith & City lines)
Hammersmith is a London Underground station in Hammersmith, London, England. It is the western terminus of the Circle and Hammersmith & City lines, and the next station towards east is Goldhawk Road. It is located in London fare zone 2.

The station is a short walk from the station of the same name on the District and Piccadilly lines. The two stations are separated by Hammersmith Broadway. They are about 60 m apart (200 ft) door to door, although the positions of the pedestrian crossings on the Broadway makes it farther on foot.

The Circle line has served Hammersmith since 13 December 2009. By June 2011 all of the platforms had been lengthened to accommodate the new and longer S7 Stock trains, that first entered service on the Hammersmith and City Line from the beginning of July 2012. These new trains are seven cars in length instead of the six cars of C Stock that previously operated.
Bruneck
Bruneck (German pronunciation: [ˈbrunɛk] ⓘ; Italian: Brunico [bruˈniːko] or [ˈbruːniko] Ladin: Bornech or Burnech; Latin: Brunecium or Brunopolis) is the largest city in the Puster Valley in the Italian province of South Tyrol.

Toblach
Toblach (German: [ˈtoːblax]; Italian: Dobbiaco [dobˈbjaːko]) is a comune/Gemeinde (municipality) in South Tyrol in Northern Italy, located in the Puster Valley about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of the city of Bolzano, on the border with Austria.
Fatty acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Fatty acids are a major component of the lipids (up to 70% by weight) in some species such as microalgae but in some other organisms are not found in their standalone form, but instead exist as three main classes of esters: triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters. In any of these forms, fatty acids are both important dietary sources of fuel for animals and important structural components for cells.

Roccellic acid
Roccellic acid is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C17H32O4.  It was first described in the 19th century as a chemical constituent of the lichen Roccella tinctoria.  It has since been identified in a variety of other lichens including Roccella montagnei, Lobodirina cerebriformes, Lobodirina mahuiana, and Dirina lutosa, among others.

Several laboratory syntheses of roccellic acid have been reported.
Bhusaval Junction railway station
Bhusawal Junction railway station (formerly Bhosawal) serves Bhusawal in Jalgaon district of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the biggest junction in Maharashtra. Bhusawal Railway station is one of the top 100 booking stations of Indian Railways, and its railway yard is the second biggest yard in Asia. There are total 243 tracks in the yard. Approximately fourteen trains originate at Bhusawal station, with 289 trains servicing the railway stop.

Wardha Junction railway station
Wardha Junction railway station is a railway station serving Wardha city in the Wardha district, Maharashtra, India. The station is under the Nagpur railway division of the Central Railway zone of Indian Railways. Wardha Junction is an important station on the Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line and Wardha–Chitoda line.

It is located at 246 m above sea level and has 4 platforms. As of 2016, 90 trains stopped at the station, of which two trains (Wardha–Balharshah passenger and Wardha–Bhusaval passenger) start/end there.
Vice President of the Philippines
Vice President of the Philippines (Filipino: Pangalawang Pangulo ng Pilipinas, also referred to as Bise Presidente ng Pilipinas) is the title of the second-highest official in the executive branch of the Philippine government and is first in the presidential line of succession. The vice president is directly elected by the citizens of the Philippines and is one of only two nationally elected executive officials, the other being the president.

The current office of the vice president was re-established under the 1987 Constitution, bearing similarities with the office as created in the 1935 Constitution that was abolished by the Marcos regime. The vice president may be elected to two consecutive six-year terms. The 15th and incumbent vice president Sara Duterte was inaugurated on June 19, 2022, but her term officially began 11 days later on June 30, as per the constitution.

Nacionalista Party
The Nacionalista Party (Filipino and Spanish: Partido Nacionalista; lit. 'Nationalist Party,' NP) is a political party in the Philippines that is the oldest existing party in the country and in Southeast Asia. It was responsible for leading the country throughout most of the 20th century since its founding in 1907; it was the ruling party from 1935 to 1946 (under Manuel L. Quezon and Sergio Osmeña), 1953 to 1961 (under Ramon Magsaysay and Carlos P. Garcia), and 1965 to 1978 (under Ferdinand Marcos), and also was one of the two dominant political parties (along with the Liberal Party) throughout the existence of the Third Republic.
Electoral district
An electoral (congressional, legislative, etc.) district, sometimes called a constituency, riding, or ward, is a geographical portion of a political unit, such as a country, state or province, city, or administrative region, created to provide the voters therein with representation in a legislature or other polity. That legislative body, the state's constitution, or a body established for that purpose determines each district's boundaries and whether each will be represented by a single member or multiple members. Generally, only voters (constituents) who reside within the district are permitted to vote in an election held there. The district representative or representatives may be elected by single-winner first-past-the-post system, a multi-winner proportional representative system, or another voting method.

The district members may be selected by a direct election under wide adult enfranchisement, an indirect election, or direct election using another form of suffrage.

National Assembly (Madagascar)
The National Assembly (Malagasy: Antenimieram-Pirenena; French: Assemblée Nationale) is the lower house of the Parliament of Madagascar. The Assembly has 163 members, elected for five-year terms in single-member and two-member constituencies.

The Parliament of Madagascar has two chambers. The other chamber is the Senate (Antenimieran-Doholona/Sénat), which has 18 members, 12 of which are indirectly elected (one from each district of Madagascar), with 6 more being appointed.
Market town
A market town is a settlement (commonly in Europe) that obtained a market right (by custom or royal charter) in the Middle Ages, which allowed it to host a regular market; this distinguished it from a village or a city. In Britain, small rural towns with a hinterland of villages are still commonly called market towns, and is sometimes reflected in their names (e.g. Downham Market, Market Rasen, or Market Drayton).

Modern markets are often in special halls, but this is a relatively recent development. Historically the markets were open-air, held in what is usually called (regardless of its actual shape) the market square or market place, sometimes centred on a market cross (mercat cross in Scotland). They were and are typically open one or two days a week. In the modern era, the rise of permanent retail establishments reduced the need for periodic markets.

Pocklington
Pocklington (/ˈpɒklɪŋtən/) is a market town and civil parish at the foot of the Yorkshire Wolds in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. At the 2021 United Kingdom census, its population was 10,123. It lies 13 miles (21 km) east of York, and 22 miles (35 km) north-west of Hull.

The town's skyline is marked by the 15th-century tower of All Saints' parish church. The ecclesiastical parish includes the hamlet of Kilnwick Percy.
Kliptown
Kliptown is a suburb of the formerly black township of Soweto in Gauteng, South Africa, located about 17 km south-west of Johannesburg. Kliptown is the oldest residential district of Soweto, and was first laid out in 1891 on land which formed part of Klipspruit farm. The farm was named after the klipspruit (rocky stream) that runs nearby. From 1903 the area was home to informal settlements (squatter camps), and the area now contains a mixture of purpose-built housing and many shacks and other informal homes which form the Chris Hani and Dlamini settlements.

Congress Alliance
The Congress Alliance was an anti-apartheid political coalition formed in South Africa in the 1950s. Led by the African National Congress, the CA was multi-racial in makeup and committed to the principle of majority rule.
Negligence
Negligence (Latin: negligentia) is a failure to exercise appropriate care expected to be exercised in similar circumstances.

Within the scope of tort law, negligence pertains to harm caused by the violation of a duty of care through a negligent act or failure to act. The concept of negligence is linked to the obligation of individuals to exercise reasonable care in their actions and to consider foreseeable harm that their conduct might cause to other people or property. The elements of a negligence claim include the duty to act or refrain from action, breach of that duty, actual and proximate cause of harm, and damages. Someone who suffers loss caused by another's negligence may be able to sue for damages to compensate for their harm. Such loss may include physical injury, harm to property, psychiatric illness, or economic loss.

Intentional infliction of emotional distress
Intentional infliction of emotional distress (IIED; sometimes called the tort of outrage) is a common law tort that allows individuals to recover for severe emotional distress caused by another individual who intentionally or recklessly inflicted emotional distress by behaving in an "extreme and outrageous" way. Some courts and commentators have substituted mental for emotional, but the tort is the same.
Y chromosome
The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes in therian mammals and other organisms. Along with the X chromosome, it is part of the XY sex-determination system, in which the Y is used for sex-determining as the presence of the Y chromosome typically causes offspring produced in sexual reproduction to develop phenotypically male. In mammals, the Y chromosome contains the SRY gene, which usually triggers the differentiation of male gonads. The Y chromosome is typically only passed from male parents to male offspring.

Female
An organism's sex is female (symbol: ♀) if it produces the ovum (egg cell), the type of gamete (sex cell) that fuses with the male gamete (sperm cell) during sexual reproduction.

A female has larger gametes than a male. Females and males are results of the anisogamous reproduction system, wherein gametes are of different sizes (unlike isogamy where they are the same size).

In species that have males and females, sex-determination may be based on either sex chromosomes, or environmental conditions. Most female mammals, including female humans, have two X chromosomes. Characteristics of organisms with a female sex vary between different species, having different female reproductive systems, with some species showing characteristics secondary to the reproductive system, as with mammary glands in mammals.

In humans, the word female can also be used to refer to gender in the social sense of gender role or gender identity.
Venice, Louisiana
Venice is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, United States. Located at the southern tip of the Mississippi River Delta, it lies about 77 miles (124 km) south of New Orleans on the west bank of the Mississippi River. As of the 2020 United States census, its population was 162.

Venice is the last community along the Mississippi River accessible by automobile via Louisiana Highway 23, and it serves as the southern terminus of the Great River Road. This location has earned it the nickname "The end of the world.”

In 2001, the combined population of Venice and the neighboring communities of Orchard and Boothville was about 2,740 people, with approximately 975 families; about 460 of those residents lived in Venice.

Venice is known for commercial fishing, sport fishing, and offshore oil and gas services, and serves as a departure point for anglers heading to Port Eads near the mouth of the Mississippi River.

Buras, Louisiana
Buras (/ˈbjʊrəs/ BYOOR-əs) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, United States. Its population was 945 at the 2010 census, and 1,109 in 2020. Prior to the 2010 census, Buras was considered to be part of the Buras-Triumph CDP.
Surface (topology)
In topology, a surface is a two-dimensional manifold. Some surfaces arise as the boundaries of three-dimensional solid figures; for example, the sphere is the boundary of the solid ball. Other surfaces arise as graphs of functions of two variables; see the figure at right. However, surfaces can also be defined abstractly, without reference to any ambient space. For example, the Klein bottle is a surface that cannot be embedded in three-dimensional Euclidean space.

Topological surfaces are sometimes equipped with additional information, such as a Riemannian metric or a complex structure, that connects them to other disciplines within mathematics, such as differential geometry and complex analysis. The various mathematical notions of surface can be used to model surfaces in the physical world.

Surface integral
In mathematics, particularly multivariable calculus, a surface integral  is a generalization of multiple integrals to integration over surfaces. It can be thought of as the double integral analogue of the line integral.  Given a surface, one may integrate over this surface a scalar field (that is, a function of position which returns a scalar as a value), or a vector field (that is, a function which returns a vector as value). If a region R is not flat, then it is called a surface as shown in the illustration.

Surface integrals have applications in physics, particularly in the classical theories of electromagnetism and fluid mechanics.
Canadian Screen Award for Best Cinematography
The Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television presents an annual award for Best Achievement in Cinematography, to honour the best Canadian film cinematography.

The award was first presented in 1963 as part of the Canadian Film Awards, with separate categories for colour and black-and-white cinematography; the separate categories were discontinued after 1969, with only a single category presented through the 1970s. After 1978, the award was presented as part of the new Genie Awards; since 2012, it has been presented as part of the Canadian Screen Awards. In early years, the award could be presented for either narrative feature or documentary films, although this was discontinued later on and only feature films were eligible. Beginning with the 3rd Canadian Screen Awards, a separate category was introduced for Best Cinematography in a Documentary.

Canadian Screen Award for Best Sound Editing
The Canadian Screen Award for Best Achievement in Sound Editing is awarded by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to the best sound editor on a Canadian film. The award was first presented in 1970 as part of the Canadian Film Awards, before being transitioned to the new Genie Awards in 1980; since 2013 it has been presented as part of the Canadian Screen Awards.
National Symphony Orchestra
The National Symphony Orchestra (NSO) is an American symphony orchestra based in Washington, D.C.  Founded in 1930 by cellist Hans Kindler, its principal performing venue is the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts.

The NSO regularly participates in events of national and international importance, including performances for ceremonial state affairs, presidential inaugurations and official holiday celebrations, including the annual National Memorial Day Concert in May and A Capitol Fourth concerts on July 4.  The NSO presents a 52-week season of approximately 175 concerts each year. These include classical subscription series, pops concerts, and educational programs.

Washington National Opera
Washington National Opera (WNO) is an American opera company based in Washington, D.C. The company was founded in 1956 as the Opera Society of Washington, renamed the Washington Opera in 1977, and designated by Congress as the national opera company in 2000. From 1971 to 2025, its performances were given in the Opera House of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts.