hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Penalty kick (association football)
A penalty kick, commonly known as a penalty or a spot kick, is a method of restarting play in association football, in which a player is allowed to take a single shot at the goal while it is defended only by the opposing team's goalkeeper. It is awarded when an offence punishable by a direct free kick is committed by a player in their own penalty area. The shot is taken from the penalty spot, which is 11 metres (12 yards) from the goal line and centered between the touch lines.

Penalty shootout
The penalty shootout is a method of determining a winner in sports matches that would have otherwise been drawn or tied. The rules for penalty shootouts vary between sports and even different competitions; however, the usual form is similar to penalty shots in that a single player takes one shot on goal from a specified spot, the only defender being the goalkeeper. If the result is still tied, the shootout usually continues on a "goal-for-goal" basis, with the teams taking shots alternately, and the one that scores a goal unmatched by the other team is declared the winner. This may continue until every player has taken a shot, after which players may take extra shots, until the tie is broken, and is also known as "sudden death".
British Rail Class 156
The British Rail Class 156 Super Sprinter is a diesel-hydraulic multiple unit passenger train. A total of 114 sets were built between 1987 and 1989 for British Rail by Metro-Cammell's Washwood Heath works. They were built to replace elderly first-generation DMUs and locomotive-hauled passenger trains.

Northern Rail
Northern Rail, branded as Northern, was an English train operating company owned by Serco-Abellio that operated the Northern Rail franchise from 2004 until 2016. It was the primary passenger train operator in Northern England, and operated the most stations of any train operating company in the United Kingdom. Northern Rail was replaced on 1 April 2016 by Arriva Rail North.
Bengal tiger
The Bengal tiger is a population of the Panthera tigris tigris subspecies. It ranks among the largest of wild cats. It is distributed from India, southern Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan to Southwestern China. Its historical range extended to the Indus Basin until the early 19th century, and it is thought to have been present in the Indian subcontinent since the Late Pleistocene about 12,000 to 16,500 years ago. It is threatened by poaching, habitat loss and habitat fragmentation.

As of 2022, the Bengal tiger population was estimated at 3,167–3,682 individuals in India, 316–355 individuals in Nepal, 131 individuals in Bhutan and around 125 individuals in Bangladesh. It is the national animal of India and Bangladesh.

Indian grey mongoose
The Indian grey mongoose or Asian grey mongoose (Urva edwardsii) is a mongoose species native to the Indian subcontinent and West Asia. It is listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List.

The grey mongoose inhabits open forests, scrublands and cultivated fields, often close to human habitation. It lives in burrows, hedgerows and thickets, among groves of trees, and takes shelter under rocks or bushes and even in drains. It is bold and inquisitive but wary, seldom venturing far from cover. It is an excellent climber and usually lives singly or in pairs. Its prey includes rodents, snakes, birds' eggs and hatchlings, lizards and a variety of invertebrates. Along the Chambal River it occasionally feeds on gharial eggs. It breeds throughout the year.
Burberry
Burberry Group plc is a British luxury fashion house established in 1856 by Thomas Burberry and headquartered in London, England. It designs and distributes ready to wear, including trench coats, leather accessories, and footwear. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.

Escada
Escada SE is a luxury women's designer clothing company headquartered in Aschheim, Germany. The firm is owned by Regent, L.P., an international private equity firm led by investor Michael Reinstein.

The company was founded in 1978 by designer Margaretha Ley. It currently retails fashion accessories and ready-to-wear. As of 2017, Escada SE operates in 80 countries with 600 points of sale worldwide. The luxury fashion label employs around 1,500 employees with international locations in Milan, Paris, Tokyo, London, Beverly Hills, and New York City.
List of universities in Sindh
Higher education in Sindh, Pakistan, has seen significant growth, with numerous public and private universities offering a variety of academic programs. Karachi, the provincial capital, is home to some of the country's top institutions, such as the University of Karachi and Aga Khan University. The province has focused on expanding access to higher education, improving research facilities, and enhancing educational quality. While institutions in Sindh contribute to national development, challenges like financial constraints and regional disparities persist. The government continues to invest in education to address these issues and promote innovation and academic excellence.

List of universities of Punjab, Pakistan
The province of Punjab, Pakistan has over 100 universities and higher education institutions. Lahore, the capital of Punjab, hosts the University of the Punjab one of the most prestigious universities in South Asia. The Punjab government, in collaboration with the Higher Education Commission (HEC), has invested in infrastructure and research. Underfunding and the need for improved quality of education remain in certain areas.
Samuil Nevelshtein
Samuil Grigorievich Nevelshtein (Russian: Самуи́л Григо́рьевич Невельште́йн; 22  March 1903 – 16 November 1983) was a Soviet Russian painter, watercolorist, graphic artist, and art teacher,  lived and worked in Leningrad, regarded as one of the representatives of the Leningrad school of painting, most known for his portraits of children and youth.

Eugene Maltsev
Eugene Demjanovich Maltsev (Russian: Евгений Демьянович Мальцев; 9 August 1929 – 24 December 2003) was a Soviet Russian painter, People's Artist of the Russian Federation, a member of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists (before 1992 — the Leningrad Union of the Soviet Artists), who lived and worked in Leningrad. In 1990-1997 Eugene Maltsev was a head of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists, in 1989-1991 was elected a People's Deputies of the Soviet Union from the USSR Union of Artists. Maltsev regarded as one of representatives of the Leningrad school of painting, most famous for his portrait and historical paintings.
E3 Saxo Bank Classic
E3 Saxo Bank Classic, previously known as E3 BinckBank Classic, E3 Harelbeke, Harelbeke–Antwerp–Harelbeke and E3-Prijs Vlaanderen, is an annual road cycling race in Flanders, Belgium. The race starts and finishes in Harelbeke mainly in the Flemish Ardennes.

First raced in 1958, it is one of the more recently founded one-day classics, but has developed into a prestigious and desirable event. It is on the UCI World Tour calendar, as part of a series of cobbled classics in Belgium and Northern France in March and April.

Belgian Tom Boonen holds the record for number of victories with five wins, trailed by cycling icon Rik Van Looy who won four times.

Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne
Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne is an annual single-day road cycling race in Belgium. It is held one day after Omloop Het Nieuwsblad, on the last Sunday of February or the first of March, and completes the opening weekend of the Belgian cycling season. It was ranked a 1.HC event of the UCI Europe Tour before joining the UCI ProSeries in 2020. Tom Boonen holds the most wins with three victories.
Dannebrog
The Dannebrog (Danish: Dannebrog, pronounced [ˈtænəˌpʁoˀ]) is the flag of Denmark. The flag is red with a white Nordic cross, which means that the cross extends to the edges of the flag and that the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side.

A banner with a white-on-red cross is attested as having been used by the kings of Denmark since the 14th century. An origin legend with considerable impact on Danish national historiography connects the introduction of the flag to the Battle of Lindanise of 1219.

The elongated Nordic cross, which represents Christianity, reflects its use as a maritime flag in the 18th century. The flag became popular as a national flag in the early 16th century. Its private use was outlawed in 1834 but again permitted by a regulation of 1854. The flag holds the Guinness world record of being the oldest continuously used national flag, that is since 1625.

Flag of the Faroe Islands
The flag of the Faroe Islands (Merkið, pronounced [ˈmɛʃtʃɪ]; lit. "the banner") is a Nordic cross on a white field, with a red cross fimbriated in blue. It is part of the Nordic cross tradition and is commonly interpreted as a Christian symbol.

The design was created in 1919 by Faroese students in Copenhagen led by Jens Oliver Lisberg, and was first hoisted in the Faroe Islands at Fámjin on 22 June 1919. During the British occupation of the Faroe Islands in World War II, the British authorities recognised Merkið for use by Faroese vessels on 25 April 1940; the date is observed as Flaggdagur (Flag Day). The flag is recognised in the Faroe Islands’ 1948 home-rule settlement, which provides that “a special Faroese flag is recognised”.
Alltel
Alltel was a landline, wireless and general telecommunications services provider, primarily based in the United States. Before its wireless division was acquired by Verizon Wireless and AT&T, Alltel provided cellular service to 34 states and had approximately 13 million subscribers. As a regulatory condition of the acquisition by Verizon, a small portion of Alltel was spun off and continued to operate under the same name in six states, mostly in rural areas. Following the merger, Alltel remained the ninth largest wireless telecommunications company in the United States, with approximately 800,000 customers. On January 22, 2013, AT&T announced they were acquiring what remained of Alltel from Atlantic Tele-Network for $780 million in cash.

Windstream Holdings
Windstream Holdings, Inc., trading as Windstream Communications, is a provider of voice and data network communications to businesses across the United States. Under the Kinetic brand, it offers broadband, phone and digital streaming TV services to consumers within its coverage area. It is  the ninth largest residential telephone provider in the country with service covering more than 8.1 million people in 21 states.
Transcription (biology)
Transcription is the process of duplicating a segment of DNA into RNA for the purpose of gene expression. Some segments of DNA are transcribed into RNA molecules that can encode proteins, called messenger RNA (mRNA). Other segments of DNA are transcribed into RNA molecules called non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs).

Both DNA and RNA are nucleic acids, composed of nucleotide sequences. During transcription, a DNA sequence is read by an RNA polymerase, which produces a complementary RNA strand called a primary transcript.

In virology, the term transcription is used when referring to mRNA synthesis from a viral RNA molecule. The genome of many RNA viruses is composed of negative-sense RNA which acts as a template for positive sense viral messenger RNA - a necessary step in the synthesis of viral proteins needed for viral replication. This process is catalyzed by a viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase.

Non-coding RNA
A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. The DNA sequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an RNA gene. Abundant and functionally important types of non-coding RNAs include transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), as well as small RNAs such as microRNAs, siRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNAs, snRNAs, exRNAs, scaRNAs and the long ncRNAs such as Xist and HOTAIR.

The number of non-coding RNAs within the human genome is unknown; however, recent transcriptomic and bioinformatic studies suggest that there are thousands of non-coding transcripts. 
Many of the newly identified ncRNAs have unknown functions, if any. 
There is no consensus on how much of non-coding transcription is functional: some believe most ncRNAs to be non-functional "junk RNA", spurious transcriptions, while others expect that many non-coding transcripts have functions to be discovered.
Galah
The galah (/ɡəˈlɑː/; Eolophus roseicapilla), less commonly known as the pink and grey cockatoo, galah cockatoo or rose-breasted cockatoo, is an Australian species of cockatoo and the only member of the genus Eolophus. The galah is adapted to a wide variety of modified and unmodified habitats and is one of Australia's most abundant and widespread bird species. The species is endemic to mainland Australia. It was introduced to Tasmania, where it is now widespread, in the mid-20th century and much more recently to New Zealand.

Rainbow lorikeet
The rainbow lorikeet (Trichoglossus moluccanus) is a species of parrot found in Australia. It is common along the eastern seaboard, from northern Queensland to South Australia. Its habitat is rainforest, coastal bush and woodland areas. Six taxa traditionally listed as subspecies of the rainbow lorikeet are now treated as separate species (see Taxonomy).

Rainbow lorikeets have been introduced to Perth, Western Australia; Tasmania; Auckland, New Zealand; and Hong Kong.
Jean Paul Gaultier
Jean Paul Gaultier (French: [ʒɑ̃ pɔl ɡotje]; born 24 June 1952) is a French haute couture and prêt-à-porter fashion designer.

He is described as an "enfant terrible" of the fashion industry and is known for his unconventional designs with motifs including corsets, marinières, and tin cans. Gaultier founded his eponymous fashion label in 1982, and expanded with a line of fragrances in 1993. He was the creative director for French luxury house Hermès from 2003 to 2010, and retired following his 50th-anniversary haute couture show during Paris Fashion Week in January 2020.

As a costume designer, Gaultier created Madonna's cone bra for the 1990 Blond Ambition World Tour, and the costumes for the movies The City of Lost Children (1995), The Fifth Element (1997), Bad Education (2004) and The Skin I Live In (2011).

Marc Jacobs
Marc Jacobs (born April 9, 1963) is an American fashion designer. He is the head designer for his own fashion label, Marc Jacobs, and formerly Marc by Marc Jacobs, a diffusion line, which was produced for approximately 15 years, before it was discontinued after the 2015 fall/winter collection. At its peak, it had over 200 retail stores in 80 countries. He was the creative director of the French design house Louis Vuitton from 1997 to 2014. Jacobs was on Time magazine's "2010 Time 100" list of the 100 most influential people in the world, and was #14 on Out magazine's 2012 list of "50 Most Powerful Gay Men and Women in America". He married his longtime partner Charly Defrancesco on April 6, 2019.
2019 Rogers Cup
The 2019 Rogers Cup were outdoor hard court tennis tournaments played from August 5–11, 2019, as part of the 2019 US Open Series. It was the 130th edition of the men's Canadian Open, a Masters 1000 event on the 2019 ATP Tour at IGA Stadium in Montreal, and the 118th edition of the women's tournament, a Premier 5 event of the 2019 WTA Tour played at Aviva Centre in Toronto.

2019 Western & Southern Open
The 2019 Western & Southern Open  was a men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts from August 12–18, 2019. It was a Masters 1000 tournament on the 2019 ATP Tour and a WTA Premier 5 tournament on the 2019 WTA Tour. The tournament was one of two headline events in the 2019 US Open Series. The 2019 tournament was the 118th men's edition and the 91st women's edition of the Cincinnati Open and took place at the Lindner Family Tennis Center in Mason, Ohio, a northern suburb of Cincinnati, in the United States.
Georges Niang
Georges Maguette Niang (/ˈniːæŋ/ NEE-ang; born June 17, 1993), nicknamed "the Minivan" and "G Wagon" is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was an All-American college player for the Iowa State Cyclones.

Jaren Jackson Jr.
Jaren Walter Jackson Jr. (/ˈdʒɛərən/ JAIR-ən; born September 15, 1999), nicknamed "the Block Panther",  and also known by his initials JJJ, is an American professional basketball player for the Utah Jazz of the National Basketball Association (NBA).  He played college basketball for the Michigan State Spartans. Jackson was selected by the Memphis Grizzlies with the fourth overall pick of the 2018 NBA draft. In 2023, he was named to his first NBA All-Star team, later winning Defensive Player of the Year that same season. Jackson is renowned for his defensive dominance, particularly his exceptional rim protection; he led the league in blocks per game for two consecutive seasons in 2021–22 and 2022–23.
Picuris Pueblo, New Mexico
Picuris Pueblo (/pɪkəˈriːs/; Tiwa: P'įwweltha [p’ī̃wːēltʰà]) is a historic pueblo in Taos County, New Mexico, United States. The federally recognized tribe of Pueblo people inhabit the community. Picurís Pueblo is a member of the Eight Northern Pueblos. Their own name for their pueblo is P'įwweltha, meaning "mountain warrior place" or "mountain pass place." They speak the Picuris dialect of the Northern Tiwa language, part of the Kiowa-Tanoan language family. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined that community as a census-designated place (CDP). The 2010 census estimated that 68 people lived in the CDP, while 267 people in the U.S. reported being of the tribal group Picuris alone and 439 reported being of the tribal group Picuris alone or in combination with other groups.

Ohkay Owingeh, New Mexico
Ohkay Owingeh (Tewa: Ohkay Ówîngeh, pronounced [ʔòhkèː ʔówîŋgè]), known by its Spanish name as San Juan de los Caballeros, or informally as San Juan Pueblo, a name with official status from 1598 to 2005, is a pueblo in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined that community as a census-designated place (CDP). Ohkay Owingeh is also the federally recognized tribe of Pueblo people inhabiting the town.
Rankin, Pennsylvania
Rankin is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States, 8 miles (13 km) south of Pittsburgh on the Monongahela River. The borough was named after Thomas Rankin, a local landowner. Early in the 20th century, Rankin specialized in manufacturing steel and wire goods. The population increased from 3,775 in 1900 to 7,470 in 1940 and has since declined to 1,896 as of the 2020 census.

Whitaker, Pennsylvania
Whitaker is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States, and is on the Monongahela River 3 miles (5 km) upriver from Pittsburgh. The population was 1,179 at the 2020 census.

The borough is named for James Whitaker, a pioneer settler. Whitaker was incorporated January 4, 1904, from part of the former Mifflin Township.
Meltham
Meltham is a town and civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, in West Yorkshire, England. It lies in the Holme Valley, below Wessenden Moor, 5 miles (8 kilometres) south-west of Huddersfield on the edge of the Peak District National Park. It had a population of 8,089 at the 2001 census, which was estimated to have increased to 8,600 by 2005. The population assessed at the 2011 Census was 8,534. According to the 2021 Census, the civil parish of Meltham had a population of 8,590 people living in 3,695 households.

It has 12 elected council members who meet up around every 6 weeks.

Slaithwaite
Slaithwaite (/ˈslæθ.weɪt/, locally /ˈslaʊ.ɪt/; Old Norse for "timber-fell thwaite/clearing") is a town in the Kirklees district of West Yorkshire, England. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, it is in the Colne Valley and on the Huddersfield Narrow Canal, 5 miles (8 km) south-west of Huddersfield.
Noida International Airport
Noida International Airport (IATA: DXN, ICAO: VIND) is an international airport under construction near Jewar in YEIDA city of Gautam Buddha Nagar district of Uttar Pradesh state of India. The airport is being built to handle 12 million passengers annually in phase 1, growing to 60–120 million by 2050 in subsequent phases. Noida and Hisar International Airport are being developed as an alternative to heavily trafficed Indira Gandhi International Airport under the NCR Plan, with Noida Airport set to be the third commercial airport in the Delhi NCR region, after IGI Delhi and Hindon Airport.

Yamuna Expressway
Yamuna Expressway is a 6-lane (expandable to 8), 165.5 km (102.8 mi) long access-controlled expressway in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is presently India's sixth longest expressway and connects Greater Noida with Agra. It was built to de-congest the older Delhi–Agra national highway (NH-2) or Mathura Road.

The expressway saw an investment ₹12,839 crore (US$1.5 billion) and was inaugurated on 9 August 2012 by then Chief Minister of UP Akhilesh Yadav. A total of 13 service roads of about 168 km were built for local commuters to access the expressway.
KLM
KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, or simply KLM (an abbreviation for their official name Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij N.V. [ˈkoːnɪŋkləkə ˈlʏxtfaːrt ˌmaːtsxɑˈpɛi ˌɛnˈveː], lit. 'Royal Aviation Company'), is the flag carrier of the Netherlands. KLM’s headquarters are located in Amstelveen, with its hub at nearby Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. It is a subsidiary of the Air France–KLM group and a member of the SkyTeam airline alliance. Founded in 1919, KLM is the oldest operating airline still using its original name, having gone through significant changes in its ownership and legal structure over its history, including a period of majority government ownership. The company had a fleet of 110 aircraft (excluding subsidiaries) and 35,488 employees as of 2021. KLM operates scheduled passenger and cargo services to 145 destinations.

Loganair
Loganair is a Scottish regional airline headquartered at Glasgow Airport in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland. The airline primarily operates domestic flights within the United Kingdom and is the largest regional airline in the country.

In addition to its main base at Glasgow, it has hubs at Aberdeen, Edinburgh and Inverness. It holds a United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority Type A Operating Licence, permitting it to carry passengers, cargo and mail on aircraft with 20 or more seats.
Duchy of Carniola
The Duchy of Carniola (Slovene: Vojvodina Kranjska, German: Herzogtum Krain, Hungarian: Krajna) was an imperial estate of the Holy Roman Empire, established under Habsburg rule on the territory of the former East Frankish March of Carniola in 1364. A hereditary land of the Habsburg monarchy, it became a constituent land of the Austrian Empire in 1804 and part of the Kingdom of Illyria until 1849. A separate crown land from 1849, it was incorporated into the Cisleithanian territories of Austria-Hungary from 1867 until the state's dissolution in 1918. Its capital was Laibach, today Ljubljana.

Duchy of Salzburg
The Duchy of Salzburg (German: Herzogtum Salzburg) was a Cisleithanian crown land of the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary from 1849 to 1918. Its capital was Salzburg, while other towns in the duchy included Zell am See and Gastein. Before becoming a crown land, Salzburg went through numerous changes of rulership. It is differentiated from its predecessor, the Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg, as it was mediatized in 1803 through the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss and remained henceforth under secular rule as the Electorate (Kurfürstentum) of Salzburg; in the following 43 years, it would undergo three more changes of rulership before becoming the crown land of Salzburg.