hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gmina
The gmina (Polish: [ˈɡmina], pl. gminy [ˈɡminɨ]) is the basic unit of the administrative division of Poland, similar to a municipality. As of 1 January 2019, there were 2,479 gminy throughout the country, encompassing over 43,000 villages. 940 gminy include cities and towns, with 322 among them constituting an independent urban gmina (Polish: gmina miejska) consisting solely of a standalone town or one of the 107 cities, the latter governed by a city mayor (prezydent miasta).

The gmina has been the basic unit of territorial division in Poland since 1974, when it replaced the smaller gromada. Three or more gminy make up a higher level unit called a powiat, except for those holding the status of a city with powiat rights. Each and every powiat has the seat in a city or town, in the latter case either an urban gmina or a part of an urban-rural one.

Bielsko County
Bielsko County (Polish: powiat bielski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Bielsko-Biała, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains three towns: Czechowice-Dziedzice, 13 km (8 mi) north-west of Bielsko-Biała, Szczyrk, 14 km (9 mi) south of Bielsko-Biała, and Wilamowice, 12 km (7 mi) north-east of Bielsko-Biała.

The county covers an area of 457.23 square kilometres (176.5 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 165,374, out of which the population of Czechowice-Dziedzice is 35,926, that of Szczyrk is 5,734, that of Wilamowice is 3,100, and the rural population is 120,614.
Al-Shabab SC (Seeb)
Al-Shabab Club (Arabic: نادي الشباب) is an Omani sports club based in Barka. Their football section currently plays in the Oman Professional League, the top division of the Oman Football Association. Their home ground is Al-Seeb Stadium.

Saham Club
Saham Club (Arabic: نادي صحم) is an Omani sports club based in Saham, in northeastern Oman. The club currently plays in the Oman Professional League, top division of Oman Football Association. Their home stadium is Sohar Regional Sports Complex. The stadium is government owned. The club also owns its own stadium and sports equipment, as well as its own training facilities.
Shooting sports
Shooting sports are a group of competitive and recreational sporting activities which focus on shooting accuracy, precision and speed. Shooting is the art of using ranged weapons, mainly firearms and airguns, such as handguns, rifles and shotguns, and also bows/crossbows.

Shooting sports can be categorized by equipment, shooting distance, targets, time limits and the degree of athleticism involved. Shooting sports may involve both team and individual competitions, and team performance is usually assessed by summing the scores of the individual team members. Due to the noise and high impact energy of the projectiles, which can be lethal, shooting sports are typically conducted at either designated permanent shooting ranges or temporary shooting fields in areas away from human settlements.

Shooting at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Men's 50 metre rifle prone
The men's 50 metre rifle, prone was a shooting sports event held as part of the Shooting at the 1964 Summer Olympics programme. It was the tenth appearance of the event. The competition was held on 16 October 1964 at the shooting ranges in Tokyo. 73 shooters from 43 nations competed.
Lockheed Hudson
The Lockheed Hudson is a light bomber and coastal reconnaissance aircraft built by the American Lockheed Aircraft Corporation.  It was initially put into service by the Royal Air Force shortly before the outbreak of the Second World War and primarily operated by it thereafter. The Hudson was a military conversion of the Model 14 Super Electra airliner, and was the first significant aircraft construction contract for Lockheed — the initial RAF order for 200 Hudsons far surpassed any previous order the company had received.

The Hudson served throughout the war, mainly with Coastal Command but also in transport and training roles, as well as delivering agents into occupied France.  It was also used extensively with the Royal Canadian Air Force's anti-submarine squadrons and by the Royal Australian Air Force.

Maritime patrol
Maritime patrol or maritime reconnaissance is the task of monitoring areas of water. Generally conducted by military and law enforcement agencies, maritime patrol is usually aimed at identifying human activities.

Maritime patrol refers to active patrol of an area, as opposed to passive monitoring systems such as sound-detection fixtures or land-based spotters.  A patrol consists of a ship, submarine, aircraft or satellite examining the patrolled area and seeking out activities to be identified and reported.  Maritime patrol is critical in wartime situations for navies to locate enemy forces to engage or defend against.  Peacetime patrols are important for interdiction of criminal activities and for ensuring legal use of waters.

Maritime patrols can be conducted by surface ships and submarines, by aircraft (e.g. MPA) and other aerial vehicles, and even by satellites.  Human spotting remains an important part of detecting activity, but increasingly electronic systems are used.
Balloch Central railway station
Balloch Central railway station was the main railway station serving the town of Balloch in Scotland. It was opened on 15 July 1850 by the Caledonian and Dumbartonshire Junction Railway. It was renamed Balloch Central on 30 June 1952.

Balloch Pier railway station
Balloch Pier railway station was a railway station serving the southern end of Loch Lomond on the northern edge of Balloch, Scotland.

In 1960 the North Clyde Line was electrified, with Balloch Pier being electrified at 25 kV 50 Hz AC, using the Class 303 'Blue Train' EMU stock.

It was closed on 28 September 1986 as a result of the 1984 Strathclyde Rail Review. The steamer service on Loch Lomond provided by the PS Maid of the Loch had ceased  in 1981. Rail services had been provided to connect with sailings.

Following closure the station was demolished and there is now a car park on the site.
Dražen Petrović Basketball Hall
The Dražen Petrović Basketball Hall (Croatian: Košarkaški centar Dražen Petrović), formerly known as Cibona Sports Centre (Croatian: Sportski centar Cibona), is an indoor sports arena located in Zagreb, Croatia. The official seating capacity of the arena is 5,400.

KK Cibona
Košarkaški klub Cibona, commonly referred to as Cibona Zagreb or simply Cibona, is a men's professional basketball club based in Zagreb, Croatia. The club is a founding member and shareholder of the Adriatic Basketball Association, and competes in the Croatian League.
Terraced house
A terrace or terraced house (UK), or townhouse (US) is a type of medium-density housing which first started in 16th century Europe with a row of joined houses sharing side walls. In the United States and Canada these are sometimes known as row houses or row homes.

Terrace housing can be found worldwide, though it is quite common in Europe and Latin America, and many examples can be found in the United Kingdom, Belgium, United States, Canada, and Australia. The Place des Vosges in Paris (1605–1612) is one of the early examples of the type. Although in early larger forms it was and still is used for housing the wealthy, as cities and the demands for ever smaller close housing grew, it regularly became associated with the working class. Terraced housing has increasingly become associated with gentrification in certain inner-city areas, drawing the attention of city planning.

Victorian architecture
Victorian architecture is a series of architectural revival styles in the mid-to-late 19th century. Victorian refers to the reign of Queen Victoria (1837–1901), called the Victorian era, during which period the styles known as Victorian were used in construction. However, many elements of what is typically termed "Victorian" architecture did not become popular until later in Victoria's reign, roughly from 1850 and later. The styles often included interpretations and eclectic revivals of historic styles (see historicism). The name represents the British and French custom of naming architectural styles for a reigning monarch. Within this naming and classification scheme, it followed Georgian architecture and later Regency architecture and was succeeded by Edwardian architecture.

Although Victoria did not reign over the United States, the term is often used for American styles and buildings from the same period, as well as those from the British Empire.
Municipalities of Japan
Municipalities are a level of administration in Japan. The country has three levels of governments: national, prefectural, and municipal.

The nation is divided into 47 prefectures (within these, one metropolis, one regional prefecture, and two urban prefectures). Each prefecture consists of numerous municipalities, with 1,718 in total as of October 2018.

There are four types of municipalities in Japan: cities (市, shi), towns (町, chō), villages (村, son) and special wards of Tokyo (区, ku). In Japanese, this system is known as shikuchōson (市区町村), where each kanji in the word represents one of the four types of municipalities. In Tokyo, because the wards are at the center, the system is officially referred to as kushichōson (区市町村), with the wards first, and cities second.

Some designated cities also have further administrative subdivisions, also known as wards, but, unlike the special wards of Tokyo, these wards are not municipalities.

Anō, Mie
Anō (安濃町, Anō-chō) was a town located in Age District, Mie Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 11,220 and a density of 303.82 persons per km2. The total area was 36.93 km2.

On January 1, 2006, Anō, along with the city of Hisai, the towns of Geinō and Kawage, the village of Misato (all from Age District), the towns of Hakusan, Ichishi and Karasu, and the village of Misugi (all from Ichishi District), was merged into the expanded city of Tsu; it thus no longer exists as an independent municipality.
Talisay, Batangas
Talisay, officially the Municipality of Talisay (Tagalog: Bayan ng Talisay), is a municipality in the province of Batangas, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 46,477 people.

Malvar
Malvar, officially the Municipality of Malvar (Filipino: Bayan ng Malvar), is a  municipality in the province of Batangas, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 74,565 people.
Free imperial city
In the Holy Roman Empire, the collective term free and imperial cities (German: Freie und Reichsstädte), briefly worded free imperial city (Freie Reichsstadt, Latin: urbs imperialis libera), was used from the 15th century to denote a self-ruling city that had a certain amount of autonomy and was represented in the Imperial Diet.

An imperial city held the status of imperial immediacy, and was subordinate only to the Holy Roman Emperor, as opposed to a territorial city or town (Landstadt), which was subordinate to a territorial prince – be it an ecclesiastical lord (prince-bishop, prince-abbot), or a secular prince (duke (Herzog), margrave, count (Graf), etc.).

Duchy of Württemberg
The Duchy of Württemberg (German: Herzogtum Württemberg) was a duchy located in the south-western part of the Holy Roman Empire. It was a state of the Holy Roman Empire from 1495 to 1803. The dukedom's long survival for over three centuries was mainly due to its size, being larger than its immediate neighbors. During the Protestant Reformation, Württemberg faced great pressure from the Catholic emperors to remain loyal. Württemberg resisted repeated French invasions in the 17th and 18th centuries, the duchy being directly in the path of French and Austrian armies who were engaged in the long rivalry between the House of Bourbon and the House of Habsburg. In 1803, Napoleon raised the duchy to be the Electorate of Württemberg. On 1 January 1806, the last elector assumed the title of King of Württemberg. Later that year, on 6 August 1806, the last Emperor, Francis II, abolished (de facto) the Holy Roman Empire.
Armoured warfare
Armoured warfare is the use of armoured fighting vehicles in modern warfare. It is a major component of modern methods of war. The premise of armoured warfare rests on the ability of troops to penetrate conventional defensive lines through use of manoeuvre by armoured units.

Much of the application of armoured warfare depends on the use of tanks and related vehicles used by other supporting arms such as infantry fighting vehicles, self-propelled artillery, and other combat vehicles, as well as mounted combat engineers and other support units. The doctrine of armoured warfare was developed to break the static nature of World War I trench warfare on the Western Front, and return to the 19th century school of thought that advocated manoeuvre and decisive battle outcomes in military strategy.

Armoured personnel carrier
An armoured personnel carrier (APC) is a broad type of armoured military vehicle designed to transport personnel and equipment in combat zones. Since World War I, APCs have become a very common piece of military equipment around the world.

According to the definition in the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, an APC is "an armoured combat vehicle which is designed and equipped to transport a combat infantry squad and which, as a rule, is armed with an integral or organic weapon of less than 20 millimetres calibre." Compared to infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs), which are also used to carry infantry into battle, APCs have less armament and are not designed to provide direct fire support in battle. Infantry units that travel in APCs are known as mechanized infantry. Some militaries also make a distinction between infantry units that use APCs and infantry units that use IFVs, with the latter being known as armoured infantry.
Kaiserslautern
Kaiserslautern (German pronunciation: [ˌkaɪzɐsˈlaʊtɐn] ⓘ; Palatine German: Lautre) is a town in southwest Germany, located in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate at the edge of the Palatinate Forest. The historic centre dates to the 9th century. It is 459 kilometres (285 miles) from Paris, 117 km (73 miles) from Frankfurt am Main, 666 km (414 miles) from Berlin, and  159 km (99 miles) from Luxembourg.

Kaiserslautern is home to about 100,000 people. Additionally, approximately 45,000 NATO military personnel are based in the city and its surrounding district (Landkreis Kaiserslautern).

County Palatine of Veldenz
The County Palatine of Veldenz was a principality in the contemporary Land Rhineland-Palatinate with full voting rights to the Reichstag. The county was located partially between Kaiserslautern, Sponheim and Zweibrücken, partially on the Mosel in the Archbishopric of Trier. A municipality of the same name, Veldenz, and a castle, Schloss Veldenz, are located in the district of Bernkastel-Wittlich.
Jharkhand
Jharkhand (Hindi: Jhārkhaṇḍ, pronounced [d͡ʒʱaːɾkʰəɳɖ] ⓘ; lit. 'the land of forests') is a landlocked state in eastern India. The state shares borders with the states of West Bengal to the east, Chhattisgarh to the west, Uttar Pradesh to the northwest, Bihar to the north and Odisha to the south. It is the 15th largest state by area, and the 14th largest by population. Hindi is the official language of the state. The city of Ranchi is its capital, and Dumka its sub-capital. The state is known for its waterfalls, hills and holy places; Baidyanath Dham, Parasnath, Dewri and Rajrappa are major religious sites. As per 2011 census, Jharkhand is primarily rural, with about 24% of its population living in cities.

Jharkhand suffers from what is sometimes termed a resource curse: it accounts for more than 40% of India's mineral production but 39.1% of its population is below the poverty line and 19.6% of children under five years of age are malnourished.

Medininagar
Medininagar, is a city and municipal corporation in Palamu district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It is also the administrative headquarter of Palamu district and divisional headquarters of Palamu division, as well as the subdivision and block of the same name. The city is situated on the banks of the North Koel River. It is the main city in north-western part of Jharkhand.
Tullahoma, Tennessee
Tullahoma is a city in Coffee and Franklin counties in southern Middle Tennessee, United States. The population was 20,339 at the 2020 census. In 2019, the population was estimated to be 19,555. It is the principal city of the Tullahoma micropolitan area (a 2009 estimate placed it at 99,927), which consists of Coffee and Moore counties and is the second largest micropolitan area in Tennessee. The city is also partially in the Winchester Micropolitan area.

Army of Tennessee
The Army of Tennessee was a field army of the Confederate States Army in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. Named for the Confederate state of Tennessee, It was formed late in 1862 in Tennessee and fought until the end of the civil war, participating in most of the significant battles in the Western Theater.
Bangladesh Football Federation
The Bangladesh Football Federation (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ ফুটবল ফেডারেশন, Bānglādesh fūṭbôl fēḍārēshôn) is the governing body for association football in Bangladesh. Established in 1972 following the country's independence, the federation is responsible for managing the men's national team and women's national teams, as well as the management of domestic professional and amateur competitions, including the Bangladesh Football League.

The BFF became a member of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) in 1973, and three years later, they became a member of the FIFA in 1976. BFF is also a founding member of the South Asian Football Federation (SAFF). Headquartered at the BFF Bhaban in Motijheel, Dhaka, the federation governs all aspects of the sport, from grassroots development to international representation, and is currently led by President Tabith Awal.

Mohammedan SC (Dhaka)
Mohammedan Sporting Club Limited is a Bangladeshi professional football club based in Dhaka. Founded in 1936, it is one of the oldest and the most successful football club in the country, with a support base in all parts of the country. The club currently competes in the Bangladesh Premier League.
Su-Hyun Oh
Su-Hyun Oh (born 23 May 1996) is a South Korea-born Australian professional golfer and LPGA Tour player. She became number one in the World Amateur Golf Ranking in 2013 and represented Australia at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Jenny Shin
Jenny Shin (born 7 October 1992) is a South Korean professional golfer.

Born in Seoul, South Korea, Shin moved to the United States at age 9. She won the U.S. Girls' Junior in 2006 becoming its youngest winner at age 13.

Shin turned professional in 2010. She played on the Futures Tour in 2010, winning The International at Concord in July and finishing 4th on the money list to earn her LPGA Tour card for 2011. She has played on the LPGA Tour since, with her first win at the 2016 Volunteers of America Texas Shootout.
Jharkhand
Jharkhand (Hindi: Jhārkhaṇḍ, pronounced [d͡ʒʱaːɾkʰəɳɖ] ⓘ; lit. 'the land of forests') is a landlocked state in eastern India. The state shares borders with the states of West Bengal to the east, Chhattisgarh to the west, Uttar Pradesh to the northwest, Bihar to the north and Odisha to the south. It is the 15th largest state by area, and the 14th largest by population. Hindi is the official language of the state. The city of Ranchi is its capital, and Dumka its sub-capital. The state is known for its waterfalls, hills and holy places; Baidyanath Dham, Parasnath, Dewri and Rajrappa are major religious sites. As per 2011 census, Jharkhand is primarily rural, with about 24% of its population living in cities.

Jharkhand suffers from what is sometimes termed a resource curse: it accounts for more than 40% of India's mineral production but 39.1% of its population is below the poverty line and 19.6% of children under five years of age are malnourished.

Giridih
Giridih is headquarters of the Giridih district of Jharkhand state, India. The city of Giridih is known for its industrial and health sectors, as well as its scenery. Giridih houses the Giridih Coalfield which is one of the oldest coalfields to be worked in India. Giridih is one of the six Data Processing Centres of Data Processing Division (DPD) of National Sample Survey Office (NSSO). Before 1972, Giridih was part of Hazaribagh district.
Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye
Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye (17 November 1685 – 5 December 1749) was a military officer, fur trader, and explorer. In the 1730s, he and his four sons explored the area west of Lake Superior and established trading posts there. They were part of a process that added Western Canada to the original New France territory that was centred along the Saint Lawrence basin.

He was the first known European to reach present-day North Dakota and the upper Missouri River in the United States. In the 1740s, two of his sons crossed the prairie as far as present-day Wyoming, United States, and were the first Europeans to see the Rocky Mountains north of New Mexico.

Assiniboine
The Assiniboine (/əˈsɪnɪbɔɪn/ ə-SIN-ih-boyn) are an Indigenous people of the Northern Plains. They are a First Nations in Canada, where they primarily live in Saskatchewan, with some living in Alberta and southwestern Manitoba, and they are a Native American people in the United States, where they primarily live in northern Montana, with some living in western North Dakota.

In the 18th century, the Assiniboine were part of the Iron Confederacy with the Cree.
Palatine Zweibrücken
The Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken (German: Herzogtum Pfalz-Zweibrücken; French: Duché de Palatinat-Deux-Ponts or Comté palatin de Deux-Ponts) was a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire with full voting rights to the Reichstag. Its capital was Zweibrücken. The reigning house, a branch of the Wittelsbach dynasty, was also the Royal House of Sweden from 1654 to 1720.

Bosenbach
Bosenbach (German pronunciation: [ˈboːzn̩bax]) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Kusel-Altenglan, whose seat is in Kusel.
Mount Lindesay Highway
Mount Lindesay Highway is an Australian national highway located in Queensland. The highway runs southwest from Brisbane, where it leaves Ipswich Road in the suburb of Moorooka (as Beaudesert Road to the Logan Motorway), to the Queensland – New South Wales border and is 116 kilometres (72 mi) in length. For most of its length it is roughly aligned with the Sydney–Brisbane rail corridor. At its southern end these transport routes take different passes over the Scenic Rim into the Northern Rivers region. It is designated National Route 13.

Logan River
The Logan River (Yugambeh: Dugulumba) is a perennial river in the Scenic Rim, Logan and Gold Coast local government areas of the South East region of Queensland, Australia.  The 184-kilometre (114 mi)-long river is one of the dominant waterways in South East Queensland that drains the southern ranges of the Scenic Rim and empties into Moreton Bay after navigating the City of Logan, a major suburban centre located south of Brisbane. The catchment is dominated by urban and agricultural land use. Near the river mouth are mangrove forests and a number of aquaculture farms.