hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Limerick boycott
The Limerick boycott, also known as the Limerick pogrom, was an economic boycott waged against the small Jewish community in Limerick, Ireland, between 1904 and 1906. It was accompanied by assaults, stone throwing and intimidation, which caused many Jews to leave the city. It was instigated in 1904 by a Redemptorist priest, Father John Creagh. According to a report by the Royal Irish Constabulary, five Jewish families left Limerick "owing directly to the agitation" while another 26 families remained.

Boycott
A boycott is an act of nonviolent, voluntary abstention from a product, person, organisation, or country as an expression of protest. It is usually for moral, social, political, or environmental reasons. The purpose of a boycott is to inflict some economic loss on the target, or to indicate a moral outrage, usually to try to compel the target to alter an objectionable behavior.

The word is named after Captain Charles Boycott, agent of an absentee landlord in Ireland, against whom the tactic was successfully employed after a suggestion by Irish nationalist leader Charles Stewart Parnell and his Irish Land League in 1880.

Sometimes, a boycott can be a form of consumer activism, sometimes called moral purchasing. When a similar practice is legislated by a national government, it is known as a sanction. Frequently, however, the threat of boycotting a business is an empty threat, with no significant effect on sales.
Isaac Van Leer
Isaac Van Leer (January 7, 1772 – August 10, 1821) was a Pennsylvania ironmaster and owned the Hibernia Furnace, Springton Forge and historic Hibernia House in West Caln Township, Pennsylvania. He was a member of the influential Van Leer family and was the son of Samuel Van Leer, a captain in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War.

Ironmaster
An ironmaster is the manager, and usually owner, of a forge or blast furnace for the processing of iron. It is a term mainly associated with the period of the Industrial Revolution, especially in Great Britain.

The ironmaster was usually a large-scale entrepreneur and thus an important member of a community. He would have a large country house or mansion as his residence. The organization of operations surrounding the smelting, refining, and casting of iron was labour-intensive, and so there would be numerous workers reliant on the furnace works.

There were ironmasters (possibly not called such) from the 17th century onward, but they became more prominent with the great expansion in the British iron industry during the Industrial Revolution.
Boll Weevil (restaurant)
Boll Weevil is a casual dining chain of hamburger restaurants located in San Diego, California, United States. Only two independent former franchised locations have survived the 2008 bankruptcy of the parent company, one in Lakeside and the other in Ramona.

Hamburger
A hamburger, often known as a burger, consists of fillings—usually a patty of ground meat, typically beef—placed inside a sliced bun, sesame seed bun, or bread roll. These patties are often served with lettuce, tomato, onion, pickles, bacon, or chilis. The filling of the burger can be topped with condiments such as ketchup, mustard, mayonnaise, relish or a "special sauce", often a variation of Thousand Island dressing. A burger with the patty topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger. Under some definitions, a hamburger is considered a sandwich.

Hamburgers are typically associated with fast-food restaurants and diners but are also sold at other restaurants, including high-end establishments. There are many international and regional variations of hamburgers. Some of the largest multinational fast-food chains feature burgers as one of their core products: McDonald's Big Mac and Burger King's Whopper have become global icons of American culture.
Karol Hubert Rostworowski
Karol Hubert Rostworowski (3 November 1877 – 4 February 1938) was a Polish playwright, poet and musician, born to a family of local gentry. He is remembered for his opposition to totalitarianism and for fatalistic works inspired by Catholic morality.

Rostworowski was born in Rybna in southern Poland. He studied agriculture in Halle, but abandoned it in 1900. He began studying piano and composition at the Leipzig Conservatory in 1901, and moved to Berlin to study philosophy six years later. He returned to Poland in 1908 and settled in Czarkowy on the Nida. During World War I he moved to Kraków and became a member of National Democracy, publishing in Głos Narodu beginning in 1920. In 1933 he was chosen to join the Polish Academy of Literature, but resigned his membership in 1937 in protest against the change of government. Between 1934 and 1937 he had served as a councillor in the Kraków municipal government on the platform of the National Party. He died in Kraków.

Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (German: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg), also referred to as MLU, is a public research university in the cities of Halle and Wittenberg. It is the largest and oldest university in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. MLU offers German and international (English) courses leading to academic degrees such as BA, BSc, MA, MSc, doctoral degrees, and habilitation.

The university was created in 1817 through the merger of the University of Wittenberg (founded in 1502) and the University of Halle (founded in 1694). MLU is named after Protestant reformer Martin Luther, who was a professor in Wittenberg. Today, the university campus is located in Halle, while  Leucorea Foundation in Wittenberg serves as MLU's convention centre.
Puquina language
Puquina (or Pukina) is an extinct language once spoken in the region surrounding Lake Titicaca (Peru and Bolivia) and in the north of Chile. It is often associated with the culture that built Tiwanaku.

A Puquina substrate can be found in the Quechuan and Spanish languages spoken in the south of Peru, mainly in Arequipa, Moquegua and Tacna, as well as in Bolivia. There also seem to be remnants in the Kallawaya language, which may be a mixed language formed from Quechuan languages and Puquina.

Sometimes the term Puquina is used for the Uru language, which is distinctly different.

Moquegua
Moquegua (Spanish pronunciation: [moˈkeɣwa], founded by the Spanish colonists as Villa de Santa Catalina de Guadalcázar del Valle de Moquegua) is a city in southern Peru, located in the Department of Moquegua, of which it is the capital. It is also capital of Mariscal Nieto Province and Moquegua District. It is located 1144 kilometers south of the capital city of Lima.
2008–09 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team
The 2008–09 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team represented Auburn University in the 2008–09 college basketball season. The team's head coach was Jeff Lebo, who was in his fifth season at Auburn. The team played their home games at Beard–Eaves–Memorial Coliseum in Auburn, Alabama. They finished the season 24–12, 10–6 in SEC play. They defeated Florida to advance to the semifinals of the SEC tournament where they lost to Tennessee. They received an invitation to the National Invitation Tournament, where they defeated UT Martin and Tulsa to advance to the quarterfinals where they lost to  Baylor.

2008–09 Tennessee Volunteers basketball team
The 2008–09 Tennessee Volunteers basketball team represented the University of Tennessee in the 2008-09 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. This was the fourth season for Bruce Pearl as the Volunteers' head coach. The team, a member of the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference, played its home games at Thompson-Boling Arena.
Lukas Felzmann
Lukas Felzmann (born 25 January 1959) is a Swiss photographer and teacher. His work examines the intersection of nature and culture through sculpture, conceptual books, and photography.

Felzmann has taught in the Department of Art and Art History at Stanford University for 25 years. He has also taught at the California College of the Arts, Mills College, San Francisco Arts Education Project, and the San Francisco Art Institute. He is currently an Affiliate Scholar at the Bill Lane Center for the American West at Stanford.

California College of the Arts
The California College of the Arts (CCA) is a private art school in San Francisco, California. It was founded in Berkeley, California in 1907 and moved to a historic estate in Oakland, California in 1922. In 1996, it opened a second campus in San Francisco; in 2022, the Oakland campus was closed and merged into the San Francisco campus. CCA enrolls approximately 1,239 undergraduates and 380 graduate students. In January 2026, CCA president David Howse announced the college will be closing at the end of the 2026–2027 academic year, with Vanderbilt University taking over the campus.
Ashfaq Ahmed (Peshawar cricketer)
Ashfaq Ahmed (born 22 April 1987) is a Pakistani first-class cricketer who plays for Peshawar. In April 2018, he was named in Punjab's squad for the 2018 Pakistan Cup. In September 2019, he was named in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa's squad for the 2019–20 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy tournament.

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa cricket team
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa cricket team was a domestic cricket team in Pakistan representing the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. It competed in domestic first-class, List A and T20 cricket tournaments, namely the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, Pakistan Cup and National T20 Cup. The team was operated by the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Cricket Association.
Yuen Cheung-yan
Yuen Cheung-yan (Chinese: 袁祥仁; pinyin: Yuán Xiángrén; 1957 – 1 January 2026) was a Hong Kong actor, director, stuntman and fight choreographer who worked for many years in the Hong Kong film industry. During the 1970s and early 1980s, he worked with his elder brother, Yuen Woo-ping, and other members of the Yuen family on several films, some of them kung fu comedies such as Shaolin Drunkard (1983) and The Miracle Fighters (1983). He also worked as a fight choreographer for American films like Charlie's Angels (2000).

On 1 January 2026, Yuen died at Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Hong Kong, at the age of 68.

Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
Queen Elizabeth Hospital (Chinese: 伊利沙伯醫院; Cantonese Yale: Yīleihsābaak Yīyún), abbreviated as QE or QEH, is one of the largest district general hospital in Hong Kong. It was named after Queen Elizabeth II. Queen Elizabeth Hospital is a major tertiary hospital in southern Kowloon, with over 1,900 beds. It employs more than 500 physicians and surgeons.

The hospital was once the largest in the Commonwealth.
Platanthera integrilabia
Platanthera integrilabia, commonly called white fringeless orchid, is a species of flowering plant in the orchid family (Orchidaceae). It is native to seven states in the Southeastern United States; Kentucky, Mississippi, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. However, the white fringeless orchid is only known from 52 populations that are primarily concentrated in Tennessee and Kentucky on the Cumberland Plateau. It is typically found in flat swampy habitats, especially near the head of streams and usually in partial open sunlight. The white fringeless orchid is also involved in a symbiotic relationship with mycorrhizal fungi that aids in seed germination and growth.

Cumberland Plateau
The Cumberland Plateau is the southern part of the Appalachian Plateau in the Appalachian Mountains of the United States. It includes much of eastern Kentucky and Tennessee, and portions of northern Alabama and northwest Georgia. The terms "Allegheny Plateau" and the "Cumberland Plateau" both refer to the dissected plateau lands lying west of the main Appalachian Mountains. The terms stem from historical usage rather than geological difference, so there is no strict dividing line between the two. Two major rivers share the names of the plateaus, with the Allegheny River rising in the Allegheny Plateau and the Cumberland River rising in the Cumberland Plateau in Harlan County, Kentucky.
Okurodani Formation
The Okurodani Formation is an Early Cretaceous geologic formation in central Honshu, Japan. Part of the Tetori Group, it primarily consists of freshwater continental sediments deposited in a floodplain environment, with occasional volcanic tuffite horizons. It has an uncertain age, probably dating between the Hauterivian and Aptian. An indeterminate iguanodontian dinosaur tooth has been recovered from the formation. Many other fossil vertebrates are known from the KO2 locality

Aptian
The Aptian is an age in the geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is a subdivision of the Early or Lower Cretaceous Epoch or Series and encompasses the time from 121.4 ± 0.6 Ma to 113.2 ± 0.3 Ma (million years ago), approximately. The Aptian succeeds the Barremian and precedes the Albian, all part of the Lower/Early Cretaceous.

The Aptian partly overlaps the upper part of the Western European Urgonian Stage.

The Selli Event, also known as OAE1a, was one of two oceanic anoxic events in the Cretaceous Period, which occurred around 120 Ma and lasted approximately 1 to 1.3 million years, being marked by enhanced silicate weathering, as well as ocean acidification. The Aptian extinction was a minor extinction event hypothesized to have occurred around 116 to 117 Ma.
Wildey Turf
Wildey Turf is a football stadium at the Sir Garfield Sobers Sports Complex, Wildey, Barbados.

It is used by the Barbados Football Association for national team and club matches.

In 2014, FIFA provided finances for an administrative building and grand stand. Artificial turf was later installed.

The venue hosted its first senior international match, against Belize on 4 June 2018.

Barbados Football Association
The Barbados Football Association is the governing body of association football in Barbados. It is responsible the administration of football in Barbados with responsibility for the Barbadian national football team as well as the other Barbados National Football teams. Established in 1910, it was originally named the Barbados Football Amateur Association, but changed in 1925 to the current name. The Barbados Football Association became affiliated to FIFA in 1968, CONCACAF in 1967, and also the Caribbean Football Union.
Adejoke
Adejokeⓘ is a feminine given name commonly used in Ibadan, Nigeria. It either means "the crown takes care of this, together" or "one who has come to be pampered".

Notable individuals with the name include:

Adejoke Tugbiyele – Nigerian-American visual artist

Adejoke Ayoola – Nigerian-American academic

Adejoke Lasisi – Nigerian fashion designer and environmentalist.

Adejoke Lasisi
Adejoke Lasisi is a Nigerian fashion designer, and environmentalist known for her development of fashion products and designs using nylon and textile wastes. She is the founder and CEO of Planet 3R and Jokelinks Weaving School.
Himesh Reshammiya
Himesh Reshammiya (born 23 July 1973), is an Indian playback singer, music director, songwriter, film and music producer, and actor in Hindi cinema, with over 1,300 songs to his credit as a music director. He started his career as a music director in the film Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya in 1998 and made his acting debut with the film Aap Kaa Surroor in 2007.

In August 2025, Reshammiya was ranked #22 in the Bloomberg's World's most influential pop-stars list and was the only Indian artist to feature on the list.

Bloomberg L.P.
Bloomberg L.P. is an American privately held financial, software, data, and media company headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. It was co-founded by Michael Bloomberg in 1981, with Thomas Secunda, Duncan MacMillan, Charles Zegar, and a 12% ownership investment by Merrill Lynch.

Bloomberg L.P. provides financial software tools and enterprise applications such as analytics and an equity trading platform, data services, and news to financial companies and organizations through the Bloomberg Terminal (via its Bloomberg Professional Service), its core revenue-generating product. Bloomberg L.P. also includes a news agency (Bloomberg News), a global television network (Bloomberg Television), websites, radio stations (Bloomberg Radio), subscription-only newsletters, and two magazines: Bloomberg Businessweek and Bloomberg Markets.

As of 2019, the company has 176 locations and nearly 20,000 employees.
Christophe Berdos
Christophe Berdos (born 17 April 1970) is a full-time international rugby union referee with the French Rugby Federation and is one of the two French representatives on the IRB's International Referees Panel.

Berdos made his debut as a referee in 1988 and refereed in the Under-19 World Championships in 2003 and 2004. He refereed his first Test match, between Samoa and Tonga, in 2006, and was in charge of the world cup warm-up match between New Zealand and Canada in June 2007.

Berdos was one of the 13 referees who were appointed to act as touch judges during the pool stages of the 2007 Rugby World Cup and he subsequently took charge of the game between the Barbarians and South Africa at Twickenham in December 2007.

Berdos refereed his first Six Nations Championship match on 23 February 2008, when he had charge of the game between Ireland and Scotland at Croke Park, Dublin.

He also refereed the 2nd British Lions test match versus South Africa in 2009.

2007 South Africa rugby union tour of Europe
The 2007 South Africa rugby union tour of Europe were a series of rugby union matches played in November and December 2007 in Europe featuring the 2007 Rugby World Cup winners South Africa. Although the matches had been arranged well in advance of the World Cup, the mini-tour was seen as an opportunity for South Africa to showcase their talents and to say farewell to their outgoing coach, Jake White, who retired after the second game. In the event, several members of the World Cup squad were unavailable for either game, because of retirement (Os du Randt), injury (Percy Montgomery, Fourie du Preez, Bakkies Botha), club commitments (Butch James), or other reasons (Victor Matfield), and the captain, John Smit, who had just joined French club ASM Clermont Auvergne, was released to play only in the first match.
Vladimir Popovkin
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Popovkin (Russian: Владимир Александрович Поповкин; 25 September 1957 – 18 June 2014) was a Russian statesman and military figure. He was a commander of the Russian Space Forces, then First Deputy Defense Minister of Russia, then General Director of the Russian Federal Space Agency. He had the military rank of General of the Army and the federal state civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation.

General Director of Roscosmos
The General Director of Roscosmos is the highest-ranked official of Roscosmos, the space agency of the Russian Federation. The director serves as the senior space science adviser to the President of Russia.

The deputy director of Roscosmos serves as the agency's second in command and is responsible to the administrator for providing overall leadership, planning, and policy direction for the agency. They represent Roscosmos to the Presidential Administration, State Duma, heads of federal and other appropriate government agencies, international organizations, and external organizations and communities. They also oversee the day-to-day work of Roscosmos’ functional offices.

The first director was Yuri Koptev; who led the agency during a financial crisis, and established tourist flights to space, and was also the longest-running director, who held the post from 1992 to 2004.

The current director Dmitry Bakanov, was appointed by President Vladimir Putin on 6 February 2025.
Testicular rupture
Testicular rupture is a rip or tear in the tunica albuginea resulting in extrusion of the testicular contents, including the seminiferous tubules. It is a rare complication of testicular trauma and can result from blunt or penetrating trauma, although blunt trauma is more likely to cause rupture.

Testicular rupture, typically resulting from trauma sustained during a motor vehicle crash or sports play, mainly affects those from the ages of 10–30. The main symptoms of testicular rupture are scrotal swelling and severe pain, which can make diagnosis difficult. Testicular rupture should be suspected whenever blunt trauma to the scrotum has been sustained. Treatment consists of surgical exploration with repair of the injury.

Exploratory surgery
Exploratory surgery is surgery whose purpose is to look inside the body to help diagnose an ailment.  Because surgery is an invasive and often risky intervention, it is typically only used when other methods such as external observation and testing body fluids have failed.  Modern imaging techniques, starting with the invention of CT scans in 1972, have made it possible to look inside the body without surgery; these less-invasive techniques have significantly replaced exploratory surgery in humans. Exploratory surgery is still used for non-human animals, where tools for imaging are more expensive than exploratory surgery and often less available.
Bevens Creek
Bevens Creek is a stream in Carver and Sibley counties, in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It has a tributary, Silver Creek.

Bevens Creek was named for an early settler.

A dam used to exist along the creek, built in the 1950s. In 2014, the dam broke due to record rainfall. In 2022, the remains of the dam were demolished.

Carver County, Minnesota
Carver County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 106,922. Its county seat is Chaska. Carver County is named for explorer Jonathan Carver, who in 1766–67, traveled from Boston to the Minnesota River and wintered among the Sioux near the site of New Ulm. Carver County is part of the Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Kitabatake Akiie
Kitabatake Akiie (北畠 顕家; 1318 – June 10, 1338) was a Japanese court noble, and an important supporter of the Southern Court during the Nanboku-chō Wars. He also held the posts of Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North, and Governor of Mutsu Province. His father was Imperial advisor Kitabatake Chikafusa.

Mutsu Province
Mutsu Province (陸奥国, Mutsu no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [mɯꜜ.tsɯ (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan in what is now Fukushima, Miyagi, Iwate and Aomori Prefectures and the municipalities of Kazuno and Kosaka in Akita Prefecture.

Mutsu Province is also known as Ōshū (奥州) or Michinoku (陸奥 or 道奥); the Eastern Old Japanese name varied between Mutu and Miti.

The termis often used to refer to

The combined area of Mutsu and the neighbouring Dewa Province is the Tōhoku region, which was also known as Ōu (奥羽) via on'yomi reading (using Chinese pronunciations of the kanji) used for Mutsu and Dewa.
Chop Chop (horse)
Chop Chop (1940-1963) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse who was inducted in the Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame. He was sired by Flares, a son of U.S. Triple Crown winner Gallant Fox and a full brother to U.S. Triple Crown winner Omaha. Flares raced in England with considerable success for owner William Woodward Sr., counting the Ascot Gold Cup, Champion Stakes and Princess of Wales's Stakes among his wins.

Purchased as a yearling for $4,100 by Josephine Douglas of Oyster Bay, New York, Chop Chop saw his racing career cut short due to an injury. From eleven starts, he won four times and finished out of the money once. His most important wins came in the 1942 Endurance Handicap at Bowie Race Track in Bowie, Maryland and the 1943 Empire City Handicap at New York's Jamaica Race Course, in which he beat Princequillo in track record time.

Endurance Gold Cup Stakes
The Endurance Gold Cup Stakes was an American Thoroughbred horse race run annually during the latter part of November at Bowie Race Track in Bowie, Maryland. Open to two-year-old horses, it was contested on dirt over a distance of a mile and a sixteenth (8.5 furlongs).

Inaugurated as the Endurance Handicap at a distance of one mile, seventy yards, its name was changed in 1952 by new track President, Larry MacPhail.