hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Croatian Revolution Hackers
Croatian Revolution Hackers (CRH; Croatian: Hakeri Hrvatske Revolucije, HHR) was a black hat hacking group originating in Croatia, known for using DDoS, defacement, and other methods against targeted websites in Croatia and neighboring countries (Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, etc.) The group was disbanded in 2014 (exact date unknown). It is believed that CRH was the biggest Croatian hacking group ever.

Black hat (computer security)
A black hat (black hat hacker or blackhat) is a computer hacker who disobeys laws or violates ethical standards for purposes such as civil disobedience, cybercrime, cyberwarfare, or malice. These acts can range from piracy to identity theft. A black hat is often referred to as a "cracker".

The term originates from 1950s westerns, with "bad guys" (criminals) typically depicted as having worn black hats and "good guys" (heroes) wearing white ones. In the same way, black hat hacking is contrasted with the more law-abiding white hat approach to hacking. Additionally, there exists a third category, called grey hat hacking, characterized by individuals who hack, usually with good intentions but by illegal means.
LGA 1248
LGA 1248 is an Intel CPU Socket for Itanium processors from the 9300-series to the 9700-series. It replaces PAC611 (also known as PPGA661) used by Itanium 9100-series processors and adds Intel QuickPath Interconnect functionalities.

Intel QuickPath Interconnect
The Intel QuickPath Interconnect (QPI) is a scalable processor interconnect developed by Intel which replaced the front-side bus (FSB) in Xeon, Itanium, and certain desktop platforms starting in 2008. It increased the scalability and available bandwidth. Prior to the name's announcement, Intel referred to it as Common System Interface (CSI).  Earlier incarnations were known as Yet Another Protocol (YAP) and YAP+.

QPI 1.1 is a significantly revamped version introduced with Sandy Bridge-EP (Romley platform).

QPI was replaced by Intel Ultra Path Interconnect (UPI) in Skylake-SP Xeon processors based on LGA 3647 socket.
Dinger Doane
Erling Eugene "Dinger" Doane (October 14, 1893 – June 5, 1948) was an American football player. He excelled at football at Somerville High School from 1912 to 1914 before being a standout at Tufts University where he scored a touchdown in Tufts first formal win over Harvard in 1916. Following his college career, he played professionally in the National Football League with the  Cleveland Tigers, Milwaukee Badgers, Detroit Panthers, Pottsville Maroons, Providence Steam Roller and the New York Brickley Giants. Brickley's New York Giants are not related to the modern-day New York Giants. He joined the pre-NFL Frankford Yellow Jackets briefly in 1921 for a game against the Union Quakers of Philadelphia.

Cleveland Tigers (NFL)
The Cleveland Tigers were the first Cleveland team franchise in what became the National Football League (NFL). The Tigers played in the "Ohio League" before joining the American Professional Football Association (later renamed the National Football League in 1922) during the 1920 and 1921 seasons.
Rifian barbel
The Rifian barbel (Luciobarbus rifensis) is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to northern Morocco found from the Loukkos River basin on the western Atlantic slope to the Laou River basin on the eastern Mediterranean.

Oued Laou
Oued Laou (Arabic: واد لاو) is a small town located in northern Morocco on the Mediterranean coast. The two main cities nearby are Tetouan to the northwest and Chefchaouen to the southwest. In 2004 the town had 8,383 inhabitants.
Winnipeg Grenadiers
The Winnipeg Grenadiers was an infantry regiment of the Canadian Army.

First formed on 1 April 1908 under General Order No. 20. Initially it was raised with headquarters at Morden, Manitoba, and companies at: A Company at Morden, B Company at Morden, C Company at Manitou, D Company at Carman, E Company at Roland, F Company at Pilot Mound, G Company at Cartwright and H Company at Boissevain. The unit did not have any active personnel enrolled at the formation.

On 1 February 1910, all companies and headquarters were moved to Winnipeg. On 2 May 1910, the designation was changed to the 100th Winnipeg Grenadiers. The first officers were gazetted to the regiment on 18 May 1910. Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Norlande Ruttan, who came from the Retired List, commanded the regiment on organization (General Order No. 57 (HQ 32-1-107)). The regiment was reorganized under General Order No. 120 (1915) on 1 October 1915 to establish four companies.

Pilot Mound, Manitoba
Pilot Mound is an unincorporated community recognized as a local urban district that also once held town status in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It is located within the Municipality of Louise, approximately 60 km west of the City of Morden.
Equilibrium fractionation
Equilibrium isotope fractionation is the partial separation of isotopes between two or more substances in chemical equilibrium. Equilibrium fractionation is strongest at low temperatures, and (along with kinetic isotope effects) forms the basis of the most widely used isotopic paleothermometers (or climate proxies): D/H and 18O/16O records from ice cores, and 18O/16O records from calcium carbonate. It is thus important for the construction of geologic temperature records. Isotopic fractionations attributed to equilibrium processes have been observed in many elements, from hydrogen (D/H) to uranium (238U/235U). In general, the light elements (especially hydrogen, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur) are most susceptible to fractionation, and their isotopes tend to be separated to a greater degree than heavier elements.

Chemical equilibrium
In a chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which both the reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time, so that there is no observable change in the properties of the system. This state results when the forward reaction proceeds at the same rate as the reverse reaction. The reaction rates of the forward and backward reactions are generally not zero, but they are equal. Thus, there are no net changes in the concentrations of the reactants and products. Such a state is known as dynamic equilibrium.
It is the subject of study of equilibrium chemistry.
Indiagama
Indiagama is an extinct genus of agamid lizard known from the type species Indiagama gujarata from the early Eocene of India. Indiagama was named in 2013 on the basis of a single lower jaw from the Cambay Shale in Gujarat. The rectangular shape of its teeth distinguish it from all other agamids, living and extinct.

Agamidae
Agamidae is a family containing 582 species in 64 genera of iguanian lizards indigenous to Africa, Asia, Australia, and a few locations in Southern Europe. Many species are commonly called dragons or dragon lizards.
Hermann Lossen
Hermann Friedrich Lossen (7 November 1842 – 27 August 1909) was a German surgeon born in Emmershäuser Hütte, Hesse.

He studied under Carl von Voit (Munich), Friedrich Daniel von Recklinghausen (Würzburg), Bernhard von Langenbeck (Berlin) and Theodor Billroth (Vienna), earning his medical doctorate in 1866 from the University of Würzburg. In addition he served as an assistant to Richard von Volkmann at the University of Halle and to Gustav Simon at the University of Heidelberg. In 1866 he became habilitated for surgery at Heidelberg, where in 1874 he was appointed associate professor.

Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (German: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg), also referred to as MLU, is a public research university in the cities of Halle and Wittenberg. It is the largest and oldest university in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. MLU offers German and international (English) courses leading to academic degrees such as BA, BSc, MA, MSc, doctoral degrees, and habilitation.

The university was created in 1817 through the merger of the University of Wittenberg (founded in 1502) and the University of Halle (founded in 1694). MLU is named after Protestant reformer Martin Luther, who was a professor in Wittenberg. Today, the university campus is located in Halle, while  Leucorea Foundation in Wittenberg serves as MLU's convention centre.
Martinican literature
Martinican literature is primarily written in French or Creole and draws upon influences from African, French and Indigenous traditions, as well as from various other cultures represented in Martinique. The development of literature in Martinique is linked to that of other parts of the French Caribbean but has its own distinct historical context and characteristics.

The writing of Martinique is strongly linked to political and philosophical theory. Writers and theories originating from Martinique, such as Aimé Césaire, Paulette Nardal, Frantz Fanon and Édouard Glissant have been influential on wider Francophone literature and thought. This impact has also extended beyond the French-speaking world, including Anglophone literature and literary theory.

Martinican literature often explores themes of identity, postcolonialism, slavery and nationalism. It is marked by the historical and political context of Martinique as a former French colony and current overseas department and region.

Postcolonialism
Postcolonialism is the academic study of the cultural, political and economic consequences of colonialism and imperialism, focusing on the impact of human control and exploitation of colonized people and their lands. The field started to emerge in the 1960s, as scholars from previously colonized countries began publishing on the lingering effects of colonialism, developing an analysis of the history, culture, literature, and discourse of imperial power. It is part of the critical theory framework in broader sense, and more narrowly, critical race theory.
Les Cerqueux-sous-Passavant
Les Cerqueux-sous-Passavant (French pronunciation: [le sɛʁkø su pasavɑ̃] ⓘ, literally Les Cerqueux under Passavant) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Lys-Haut-Layon.

Maine-et-Loire
Maine-et-Loire (French pronunciation: [mɛn e lwaʁ] ⓘ) is a department in the Loire Valley in the Pays de la Loire region in Western France. It is named after the two rivers, Maine and the Loire. It borders Mayenne and Sarthe to the north, Loire-Atlantique to the west, Indre-et-Loire to the east, Vienne and Deux-Sèvres to the south, Vendée to the south-west, and Ille-et-Vilaine to the north-west. Its prefecture is Angers; its subprefectures are Cholet, Saumur and Segré-en-Anjou Bleu. Maine-et-Loire had a population of 818,273 in 2019.
Accommodation (law)
Accommodation has its original meaning of a legal obligation entered into as a gratuitous favor without consideration, such as a signature guaranteeing payment of a debt. This is sometimes called an accommodation endorsement. Its meaning has expanded to encompass a broader range of supportive actions, especially in terms of contracts and agreements.

Debt
Debt is an obligation that requires one party, the debtor, to pay money borrowed or otherwise withheld from another party, the creditor. Debt may be owed by a sovereign state or country, local government, company, or an individual. Commercial debt is generally subject to contractual terms regarding the amount and timing of repayments of principal and interest. Loans, bonds, notes, and mortgages are all types of debt. In financial accounting, debt is a type of financial transaction, as distinct from equity.

The term can also be used metaphorically to cover moral obligations and other interactions not based on a monetary value. For example, in Western cultures, a person who has been helped by a second person is sometimes said to owe a "debt of gratitude" to the second person.
GKS Katowice
GKS Katowice (Polish pronunciation: [ɡʲɛ ka ˈɛs katɔˈvitsɛ]; GKS stands for Górniczy Klub Sportowy, lit. 'Miners Sporting Club') is a Polish men's professional football club based in Katowice. They currently compete in the Ekstraklasa in the 2024–25 season after gaining promotion from the I liga in 2024.

Polish Super Cup
The Polish Super Cup (Polish: Superpuchar Polski, pronounced [supɛrˈpuxar ˈpɔlskʲi]), known as the STS Superpuchar Polski for sponsorship reasons, is an annually held match between the champions of the Ekstraklasa and the Polish Cup winners or, if the Ekstraklasa champions also win the Polish Cup, the Cup's runners-up. As of 2025, the Polish Super Cup has been played 34 times. The most successful club are Lech Poznań and Legia Warsaw, who both won the competition 6 times. The most common participant has been Legia Warsaw, as they have played seventeen final games and lost their eight following finals between 2012 and 2021. Unlike the Polish Cup, there is no extra time played in the competition, therefore in case of a draw after regular time, the match goes straight into a penalty shoot-out.

Legia Warsaw are the current holders of the trophy.
Civilian internee
A civilian internee is a civilian detained by a belligerent to a war for security reasons. Internees are usually forced to reside in internment camps. Historical examples include internment of Japanese and German Americans in the United States during World War II. Japan also interned 130,000 Dutch, British, and American civilians in Asia during World War II.

Belligerent
A belligerent is an individual, group, country, or other entity that acts in a hostile manner, such as engaging in combat. The term comes from the Latin bellum gerere (meaning "to wage war"). Unlike the use of belligerent as an adjective meaning "aggressive", its use as a noun does not necessarily imply that a belligerent country is an aggressor.

In times of war, belligerent countries can be contrasted with neutral countries and non-belligerents. However, the application of the laws of war to neutral countries and the responsibilities of belligerents are not affected by any distinction between neutral countries, neutral powers or non-belligerents.
Luis García Forcada
Luis García Forcada is a Spanish chemist, politician and businessman.

García graduated in Chemical Sciences at the University of Valencia and then worked as Director General of the company Rodaval. At the 1982 General Election where he was elected to the Spanish Congress of Deputies representing Valencia Province in the lists of the Popular Alliance. In Congress he served as second secretary in the Committee for External Affairs. He did not stand at the 1986 election.

University of Valencia
The University of Valencia (Valencian: Universitat de València [univeɾsiˈtad de vaˈlensi.a]), shortened to UV, is a public research university in Valencia, Spain. It is one of the oldest universities in Spain, and the oldest in the Valencian Community. It is regarded as one of Spain's leading academic institutions.

The university was founded in 1499, and currently has around 55,000 students. Most of the courses are taught in Spanish, however their plan is to increase the number of courses available in Valencian and English as well.

It is located in the Mediterranean Spanish baseline, in the city of Valencia which is the capital and most populous city of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain, with a population of 829,705 in 2014. One of its campuses is located in the metropolitan area of Valencia, in the municipalities of Burjassot and Paterna.

The current chancellor is María Vicenta Mestre Escrivá.
Ina Fichman
Ina Fichman is a Canadian film producer and president of Intuitive Pictures, based in Montreal. She is best known for the 2022 film Fire of Love.

She won the Gemini Award for Best History Documentary Program for Undying Love in 2003. She has been nominated for the 34th Producers Guild of America Awards, British Academy Film Awards, Emmy, Critics Choice Awards and Canadian Screen Awards. Fichman was the recipient of the Don Haig Award at the Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival in 2018.

She is on the DOC Canada board of directors chair, a board member of the International Documentary Association and a member of The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

She was a producer for the film Fire of Love which was nominated in 2023 for an Oscar at the 95th Academy Awards for Best Documentary Feature.

Critics' Choice Awards
The Critics' Choice Awards (formerly known as the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award) is an awards show presented annually by the American Critics Choice Association (CCA) to honor the finest in cinematic achievement. Written ballots are submitted during a week-long nominating period, and the resulting nominees are announced in December. The winners chosen by subsequent voting are revealed at the annual Critics' Choice Movie Awards ceremony in January. Additionally, special awards are given out at the discretion of the BFCA Board of Directors.
AlphaDev
AlphaDev is an artificial intelligence system developed by Google DeepMind to discover enhanced computer science algorithms using reinforcement learning. AlphaDev is based on AlphaZero, a system that mastered the games of chess, shogi and go by self-play. AlphaDev applies the same approach to finding faster algorithms for fundamental tasks such as sorting and hashing.

Sorting
Sorting refers to ordering data in an increasing or decreasing manner according to some linear relationship among the data items.

ordering: arranging items in a sequence ordered by some criterion;

categorizing: grouping items with similar properties.

Ordering items is the combination of categorizing them based on equivalent order, and ordering the categories themselves.
Stella Damasus
Stella Damasus // ⓘ (born April 24, 1978) is a Nigerian actress and singer. She was nominated for Best Actress in a Leading Role at the Africa Movie Academy Awards in 2009. She won the Award for Best Actress at the Nigeria Entertainment Awards in 2007. In 2012, she won the award for Best Actress for the movie Two Brides and a Baby at the Golden Icons Academy Awards in Houston, Texas.

Africa Movie Academy Awards
The Africa Movie Academy Awards (AMMA) is an annual entertainment award ceremony, presented to recognize excellence among African and non-African professionals, who have contributed to the African film industry. The award was founded by Peace Anyiam-Osigwe currently run by the Africa Film Academy. It is regarded as one of Africa's most notable film events, and have been sometimes referenced as the "African Oscars".
VIP Brother season 4
VIP Brother 4, also referred to as VIP Brother 2012 was the fourth season of the reality show VIP Brother in Bulgaria and the ninth season of the Big Brother format overall. It commenced on Nova Television on September 16, 2012, and lasted for two months, ending on November 17, 2012. It was immediately followed by an All-Stars edition. It was the first season to air more than two years after the family edition and more than three years after the third celebrity edition. Niki Kanchev returned as the show's main presenter for the Live shows on Monday on Wednesday (evictions and nominations, respectively), with Aleksandra Sarchadjieva being the presenter for the daily episodes.

VIP Brother 4 finished on Day 63, making it the longest celebrity edition of the format in Bulgaria so far. It was also the first and so far, the only season with no voluntary exits by any Housemates. Orlin Pavlov won with Dimitar Kovachev "Funky" as the runner-up.

Big Brother Family
Big Brother Family was the first family edition of the reality show Big Brother in Bulgaria, it was initially referred to as Big Brother 5. It was also the first family season all over the world. The show launched on Nova Television on 22 March 2010 and continued for 3 months (12 weeks), ended on 10 June. This was the shortest regular Big Brother season in Bulgaria so far, lasted for 81 Days.

Big Brother Family was produced by Niko Tuparev (Old School Productions). For the very first time the Housemates consisted of families - married couples or ones with a child. The winning family was Kouzmovi, who won 200,000 leva, an apartment and a car. Also, for the first time the Housemates had salary. This was the first regular season to be held in the spring, instead of a VIP-season.
Canby (surname)
Canby is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Edward Canby (1817–1873), American general

Henry Seidel Canby (1878–1961), critic, editor, and Yale University professor

James Canby (1781–1858), businessman and banker based in Wilmington, Delaware

Louisa Hawkins Canby (1818–1889), wife of Edward Canby

Richard S. Canby (1808–1895), U.S. Representative from Ohio

Sheila R. Canby (1949–2025), American art historian and curator

Vincent Canby (1924–2000), American film critic

William C. Canby Jr. (born 1931), U.S. Court of Appeals senior judge

William Marriott Canby (1831–1904), American financier and botanist

William Marriott Canby
William Marriott Canby Sr. (1831–1904) was an American banker, business executive, philanthropist and botanist. He is famous as a leading expert on the flora of Delaware and the "eastern shore" region of Maryland and as an epistolary correspondent with Charles Darwin concerning insectivorous plants.
2005 Argentina rugby union tour of Scotland and Italy
The 2005 Argentina rugby union tour of Scotland and Italy was a series of matches played in November 2005 in Scotland and Italy by Argentina national rugby union team. The "Pumas" won both the matches.

After the victory with Scotland, Argentina beat also Italy after a first half where Italy was very close in the results.

Nicolás Fernández Miranda
Nicolás Fernández Miranda (born November 25, 1972, in Buenos Aires, Argentina) is a former rugby union footballer. He won over 40 caps, with six as captain playing at scrum half for the Argentina rugby union side (los Pumas). He made his international test debut at the age of 21 on 28 May 1994 against the United States. He scored 5 tries for Argentina. He played most of his career for the Hindú Club in Argentina. He spent the 2002 season playing for the South African side Sharks, and the 2003 season for Petrarca in Italy. He then returned to Hindú Club.

His brother is Juan Fernández Miranda.
Highway H08 (Ukraine)
H08 is an important Ukraine national highway (H-highway) in Kyiv, Cherkasy, Poltava, Kirovohrad, Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhzhia and Donetsk Oblasts.

H08 begins in Boryspil, passes through Pereyaslav, Zolotonosha, Hradyzk, Kremenchuk, Verkhnodniprovsk, Kamianske and Dnipro. Until 9 August 2017, the highway ended in the city of Zaporizhzhia, but a resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers changed its final destination to Mariupol.

In October 2020, work began on the construction of the southern bypass of Dnipro (7 km long). The new road will connect the H08 motorway with the South Bridge, then the M18-E105 international highway, as well as the junction with the new airport.

Verkhnodniprovsk
Verkhnodniprovsk (Ukrainian: Верхньодніпровськ, pronounced [werxnʲod⁽ʲ⁾n⁽ʲ⁾iˈprɔu̯sʲk]) is a city in Kamianske Raion, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast (province) of Ukraine. The city is located at confluence of the Samotkan into the Kamianske Reservoir at the Dnieper. Verkhnodniprovsk hosts the administration of Verkhnodniprovsk urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population:15,477 (2022 estimate). In 2001, the population was 16,976.

Until 18 July 2020, Verkhnodniprovsk was the administrative center of Verkhnodniprovsk Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to seven. The area of Verkhnodniprovsk Raion was merged into Kamianske Raion.