hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tom Peterson (cyclist)
Thomas Peterson (born December 24, 1986) is an American former professional road racing cyclist who last rode for UCI ProTeam Giant–Shimano. Following a six-year stint with TIAA–CREF, Peterson joined Argos–Shimano for the 2013 and 2014 seasons. Peterson is a domestique and a resident of Bellevue, Washington.  Peterson is an owner of the Peterson Bike Shop in Renton, Washington, United States.

United States National Road Race Championships
The United States National Professional Road Race Championships began in 1985. They are run by the governing body, USA Cycling. Until 2006 the race was open to all nationalities, the first American to finish being named the winner and given a distinctive jersey. Since the championship in Greenville, South Carolina, in 2006, all riders have had to be American.

Before 1985, only the amateur champions were named.
From 1921 to 1964, the Amateur Bicycle League of America (ABLA) National Championships were held as an omnium of track-style events for Men, Women, and Juniors, rather than as a road race. In 1964 the American Cycling Newsletter (later Bicycling) reported the results of a Flemington, NJ race as the national road racing championships, but these results do not appear in the USA Cycling list of winners.
Joseph Trewavas
Joseph Trewavas VC, CGM (14 December 1835 – 20 July 1905) was a Royal Navy sailor and a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Conspicuous Gallantry Medal
The Conspicuous Gallantry Medal (CGM) was, until 1993, a military decoration for gallantry in action. Initially, it was awarded to petty officers and seamen of the Royal Navy, including Warrant Officers and other ranks of the Royal Marines. The CGM was also later awarded to personnel of other Commonwealth navies. From 1943, it was also awarded to NCOs of the Royal Air Force and other Commonwealth air forces, for conspicuous gallantry in action against the enemy in the air. The CGM was officially discontinued in 1993.
1995 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships
The 1995 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships were contested to determine the individual and team national champions of men's and women's NCAA collegiate indoor track and field events in the United States after the 1994–95 season, the 31st annual meet for men and 13th annual meet for women.

The championships were again held at the RCA Dome in Indianapolis, Indiana.

Eleven-time defending champions Arkansas again claimed the men's team title, the Razorbacks' twelfth overall.

Two-time defending champions LSU again won the women's team title, the Lady Tigers' sixth.

NCAA Division I Men's Indoor Track and Field Championships
The NCAA Men's Division I Indoor Track and Field Championship is an annual collegiate indoor track and field competition for men organised by the National Collegiate Athletic Association. The first edition of the championship was held in 1965, and it has been held every year since except for 2020.

Athlete's individual performances earn points for their institution and the team with the most points receives the NCAA team title in track and field. A separate NCAA Division I women's competition is also held. These two events are separate from the NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships and NCAA Women's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships held during the spring.

The current team champions are USC Trojans, who won their third title in 2025.

Arkansas have been the most successful program, with 21 team national titles.
Russia at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
Russia first competed at the 1993 World Championships, after the fall of the Soviet Union.  The Russian women won their first team gold in 2010 and the men won their first team gold in 2019.

In 2021 Russian athletes competed as the Russian Gymnastics Federation (RGF) due to sanctions in place against Russian sports.  Russia was banned from participating at the 2022 and 2023 World Championships due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.  In 2025 a handful of Russian gymnasts were granted neutral status, allowing them to return to major competitions, starting with the 2025 World Championships.

Artistic Gymnastics Federation of Russia
The Artistic Gymnastics Federation of Russia (AGFR; Russian: Федерация спортивной гимнастики России, romanized: Federatsiya sportivnoy gimnastiki Rossii) is the governing body of artistic gymnastics in Russia. It is a member federation of both the European Union of Gymnastics and the International Gymnastics Federation.

On 1 October 2024, it was merged into the Russian Gymnastics Federation together with four other Russian sports federations governing specific gymnastics disciplines.
Battle of Żarnów
The Battle of Żarnów was fought on September 16, 1655, between the forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, commanded by John II Casimir and the forces of the Swedish Empire, commanded by Charles X Gustav. The result ended with a Swedish victory.

Pospolite ruszenie
Pospolite ruszenie (Polish pronunciation: [pɔspɔˈlitɛ ruˈʂɛɲɛ], lit. mass mobilization; "Noble Host", Latin: motio belli, the French term levée en masse is also used) was the wartime mobilisation of all or a specific part of able-bodied  male population of the state into armed forces during the period of the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The tradition of wartime mobilisation of part of the population existed from before the 13th century to the 19th century. In the later era, pospolite ruszenie units were formed from the szlachta (Polish "nobility"). The pospolite ruszenie was eventually outclassed by professional forces.
Robert Whitcombe
The Rev Robert Henry Whitcombe (18 July 1862–19 March 1922) was an eminent Anglican Bishop. Educated at Winchester and New College, Oxford, from 1886 to 1899 he was a schoolmaster at Wellington College and then Eton.  After this he was Rector of Hardwick, Buckinghamshire and then Vicar of Romford before a 13-year spell as Bishop of Colchester from 1909. A memorial window and plaque to him is situated on the south wall of St Mary-at-the-Walls, Colchester.

Bishop of Colchester
Christianity portal

The Bishop of Colchester is an episcopal title used by a suffragan bishop, who is also an area bishop, of the Church of England Diocese of Chelmsford in the Province of Canterbury, England.

The current bishop is Roger Morris, former Archdeacon of Worcester, who was consecrated as Bishop of Colchester on 25 July 2014 at St Paul's Cathedral, London.

The title takes its name after the town of Colchester in Essex and was first created under the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534. The suffragan bishops have been under the jurisdiction of a number of different dioceses. They were originally appointed for the Diocese of London but changed in 1845 to the Diocese of Rochester and again in 1877 to the Diocese of St Albans. With the creation of the Diocese of Chelmsford in 1914, the suffragan bishops now come under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Chelmsford. The bishops suffragan of the diocese have also area bishops since the Chelmsford area scheme was erected in 1983.
2008 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group II – Pool B
Group B of the 2008 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group II was one of four pools in the Americas Zone Group II of the 2008 Fed Cup. Four teams competed in a round robin competition, with each team proceeding to their respective sections of the play-offs: the top team played for advancement to Group I.

2008 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group II – play-offs
The 2008 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group II play-offs were the final stages of the Group II Zonal Competition involving teams from the Americas. Using the positions determined in their pools, the thirteen teams faced off to determine their placing in the 2008 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group II. The top two teams advanced to Group I for next year.
Walter Library
Walter Library is an academic library located on the East Bank campus of the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It currently houses the College of Science and Engineering library and dean's office, the Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, and The Toaster. Walter Library is situated along Northrop Mall, a grassy area at the center of campus that is bordered by the University's physics, mathematics, chemistry, and administration buildings, plus Northrop Auditorium.

University of Minnesota College of Science and Engineering
The College of Science and Engineering (CSE) is one of the colleges of the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, Minnesota.  On July 1, 2010, the college was officially renamed from the Institute of Technology (IT). It was created in 1935 by bringing together the university's programs in engineering, mining, architecture, and chemistry. Today, CSE contains 12 departments and 24 research centers that focus on engineering, the physical sciences, and mathematics.
15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars
The 15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars was a cavalry regiment of the British Army. The regiment was formed by the amalgamation of the 15th The King's Hussars and the 19th Royal Hussars in 1922 and, after service in the Second World War, it was amalgamated with the 13th/18th Royal Hussars to form the Light Dragoons in 1992.

Cavalry regiments of the British Army
There are 13 cavalry regiments of the British Army each with its own unique cap badge, regimental traditions, and history. Of the currently nine regular cavalry regiments, two serve as armoured regiments, three as armoured cavalry regiments, three as light cavalry, and one as a mounted ceremonial regiment. There are also four yeomanry regiments of the Army Reserve, of these, three serve as light cavalry and one as an armoured regiment. Each yeomanry light cavalry unit has been paired with a regular unit of the same role, the armoured yeomanry unit is paired with the two regular armoured units (and a further armoured unit which is not cavalry). All except the Household Cavalry are part of the British Army's Royal Armoured Corps.
RTÉ Ireland
RTÉ Ireland was a proposed international television channel, intended to be broadcast outside Ireland, by Ireland's public service broadcaster Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ). The channel was proposed to be broadcast online at RTÉ.ie, IPTV and on satellite in the United Kingdom. As of 2008, the proposed launch of the channel had been "shelved".

The channel was expected to offer programmes from RTÉ One and RTÉ Two. In 2007, the Oireachtas (parliament) passed legislation requiring that RTÉ supply international service to suit the needs of Irish citizens living abroad, along with other new digital RTÉ channels.

RTÉ2
RTÉ2 (formerly known as Network 2, N2 and RTÉ Two) is an Irish free-to-air television channel owned and operated by RTÉ. It was launched on 2 November 1978 as Ireland's second television channel, at which point the pre-existing channel was renamed RTÉ 1 (currently RTÉ One).
The channel airs content aimed at 16-45 year-olds.
Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre
The École et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre ('School and Observatory for Earth Sciences') is a French institution under the supervisory authority of the University of Strasbourg and the CNRS-INSU (National Center for Scientific Research, National Institute of Science of Universe) in charge of education, research, observation in Earth Science and its diffusion. Situated in two buildings located on the central campus of the University of Strasbourg, EOST consists of more than 150 permanent employees among its staff.

Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification). It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks.
Stratigraphy has three related subfields: lithostratigraphy (lithologic stratigraphy), biostratigraphy (biologic stratigraphy), and chronostratigraphy (stratigraphy by age).

Several principles and laws come into play when using stratigraphy such as Principle of original horizontality, Law of superposition, Cross-cutting relationships, Principle of inclusions, Principle of faunal succession.
Languages of Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan is officially a bilingual country. Kazakh, part of the Kipchak sub-branch of the Turkic languages, is proficiently spoken by 80.1% of the population according to the 2021 census, and has the status of "state language". Russian, on the other hand, is spoken by 83.7% as of 2021. The Constitution of Kazakhstan does not give it any special status, only allowing its use in government "on an equal footing" with Kazakh. Russian is also used routinely in business and inter-ethnic communication. However, only 63.45% of ethnic Kazakhs and 49.3% of the country's population are daily speakers of Kazakh language, according to the same census.

Other languages natively spoken in Kazakhstan are Dungan, Ili Turki, Ingush, Plautdietsch, and Sinte Romani. A number of more recent immigrant languages, such as Belarusian, Korean, Azerbaijani, and Greek are also spoken.

Dungan language
Dungan (/ˈdʊŋ.ɡɑːn/ or /ˈdʌŋ.ɡən/) is a Sinitic language spoken primarily in the Chu Valley of southeastern Kazakhstan and northern Kyrgyzstan. It is the native language of the Dungan people, a Hui subgroup that fled Qing China in the 19th century. It evolved from the Central Plains Mandarin variety spoken in Gansu and Shaanxi. It is the only Sino-Tibetan language to be officially written in the Cyrillic script. In addition, the Dungan language contains loanwords and archaisms not found in other modern varieties of Mandarin.
Re-enter the Sandman
Re-enter the Sandman was a professional wrestling live event produced by Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) on October 23, 1999. The event was held in the ECW Arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the United States. Excerpts from Re-enter the Sandman aired on episode #11 of the television show ECW on TNN on The Nashville Network on November 5, 1999, as well as on episodes #340, #331, and #343 of the syndicated television show ECW Hardcore TV on October 29, November 5, and November 19, 1999. A "fan cam" recording of the event was later released by the Highspots Network.

Re-enter the Sandman marked the return of the Sandman and Mikey Whipwreck to ECW, as well as the debut of Elektra and the final appearance of Miss Congeniality.

Professional wrestling aerial techniques
Aerial techniques, also known as "high-flying moves" are performance techniques used in professional wrestling for simulated assault on opponents. The techniques involve jumping from the ring's posts and ropes, demonstrating the speed and agility of smaller, nimble and acrobatically inclined wrestlers, with many preferring this style instead of throwing or locking the opponent.

Aerial techniques can be challenging for wrestlers to learn since they learn to trust the other performer, the nominal opponent, to either target the jump correctly or to safely catch their fall. Due to the risk of injury caused by these high-risk moves, some promotions have banned the use of some of them.

The next list of maneuvers was made under general categories whenever possible.
Union Freight Railroad
The Union Freight Railroad was a freight-only railroad connecting the railroads coming into the north and south sides of downtown Boston, Massachusetts. Almost its entire length was along Atlantic Avenue and Commercial Street. For most of its length, the Atlantic Avenue Elevated carried passengers above.

New York and New England Railroad
The New York and New England Railroad (NY&NE) was a railroad connecting southern New York State with Hartford, Connecticut; Providence, Rhode Island; and Boston, Massachusetts. It operated under that name from 1873 to 1893. Prior to 1873 it was known as the Boston, Hartford and Erie Railroad, which had been formed from several smaller railroads that dated back to 1846. After a bankruptcy in 1893, the NY&NE was reorganized and briefly operated as the New England Railroad before being leased to the competing New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad in 1898.

Today, most of the original New York and New England lines have been abandoned. A segment in Massachusetts is now part of the MBTA's Franklin/Foxboro Line providing commuter rail service to South Station in Boston, and another segment near East Hartford and Manchester, Connecticut, is used for freight service on the Connecticut Southern Railroad. Other portions in Connecticut and Rhode Island have been converted to rail trails.
Nanoindenter
A nanoindenter is the main component for indentation hardness tests used in nanoindentation. Since the mid-1970s nanoindentation has become the primary method for measuring and testing very small volumes of mechanical properties. Nanoindentation, also called depth sensing indentation or instrumented indentation, gained popularity with the development of machines that could record small load and displacement with high accuracy and precision. The load displacement data can be used to determine modulus of elasticity, hardness, yield strength, fracture toughness, scratch hardness and wear properties.

Hardness
In materials science, hardness (antonym: softness) is a measure of the resistance to localized plastic deformation, such as an indentation (over an area) or a scratch (linear), induced mechanically either by pressing or abrasion. In general, different materials differ in their hardness; for example hard metals such as titanium and beryllium are harder than soft metals such as sodium and metallic tin, or wood and common plastics. Macroscopic hardness is generally characterized by strong intermolecular bonds, but the behavior of solid materials under force is complex; therefore, hardness can be measured in different ways, such as scratch hardness, indentation hardness, and rebound hardness. Hardness is dependent on ductility, elastic stiffness, plasticity, strain, strength, toughness, viscoelasticity, and viscosity. Common examples of hard matter are ceramics, concrete, certain metals, and superhard materials, which can be contrasted with soft matter.
Chigang station
Chigang Station (simplified Chinese: 赤岗站; traditional Chinese: 赤崗站; Jyutping: cek3 gong1 zaam6; Cantonese Yale: Cěkgōng Jaahm) is an interchange station between Line 8 and Line 12 of the Guangzhou Metro. The Line 8 station started operations on 28 June 2003. It is located to the northeast of the junction of Xingang Middle Road (新港中路) and Jiangnan Avenue (江海大道) in the Haizhu District. It became an interchange station with Line 12 on 13 February 2026 when it started operations at this station.

Before the extension to both lines 2 and 8 opened in September 2010, this station ran as part of Line 2 as a single line from Wanshengwei to Sanyuanli.

Wanshengwei station
Wanshengwei Station (simplified Chinese: 万胜围站; traditional Chinese: 萬勝圍站; Cantonese Yale: Màahnsing'wàih Jaahm) is an interchange station between Line 4 and Line 8 of the Guangzhou Metro, and also the eastern terminus of Line 8. It started operations on 26 December 2005. It is an underground station and located near the junction of Xingang East Road (新港东路) and Xinjiao South Road (新滘南路) in Haizhu District.

This station, like the others on Line 8 (except Changgang station, Baogang Dadao station, Shayuan station, and Fenghuang Xincun station, which were added after the dividing of Line 2), ran as part of a single route with the current Line 2 until the extension to both lines opened in late 2010.

The station is also the eastern terminus of the Haizhu Tram line of the Guangzhou Trams, which runs to Canton Tower Tram station.
Sicilian Alliance
The Sicilian Alliance (it.: Alleanza Siciliana; sic.: Allianza Siciliana) was a minor autonomist and national-conservative political party in Sicily, Italy.

It was founded in 2005 and was led by Nello Musumeci, an MEP who was elected on the list of National Alliance.

On 7 October 2007, the party joined to Francesco Storace's The Right, although maintaining some of its autonomy as a regional section of the party, named "The Right – Sicilian Alliance", often shortened to "The Sicilian Right".

In the 2012 regional election the party gained four regional deputies in the Musumeci List (Gino Ioppolo, Santi Formica, Carmelo Currenti and the same Nello Musumeci). 
In 2014 Musumeci founded the movement #Diventerà Bellissima  and in November 2017 is elected President of Sicily.

Diventerà Bellissima
Diventerà Bellissima (lit. "[Sicily] Will Become Very Beautiful") is a regionalist and conservative political party active in Sicily, Italy. The party is led by Nello Musumeci, the former President of Sicily and current Minister for Civil Protection and Marine Policies, who is also affiliated to Brothers of Italy.

The party's name was inspired by a statement about Sicily of Paolo Borsellino, an Italian judge and prosecuting magistrate killed by the Mafia in 1992.
1993 World Wushu Championships
The 1993 World Wushu Championships was the 2nd edition of the World Wushu Championships. It was held at the Stadium Negara in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from November 21 to November 27, 1993. For the countries in Asia, this was the qualifying event for the 1994 Asian Games.

World Wushu Championships
The World Wushu Championships (WWC) is an international sports championship hosted by the International Wushu Federation (IWUF) for the sports of wushu taolu and sanda (sanshou). The tournament has been held biennially since 1991 and is the pinnacle event of the IWUF. The World Wushu Championships also coincides with the IWUF Congress and various committee meetings. This competition additionally serves as the qualification event for the Taolu World Cup and the Sanda World Cup.
1950 Florida A&M Rattlers football team
The 1950 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1950 college football season. In their sixth season under head coach Jake Gaither, the Rattlers compiled an 8–1–1 record. The team's sole loss was to Wilberforce State in the Orange Blossom Classic. The team played its home games at Bragg Stadium in Tallahassee, Florida.

The team was recognized as the black college national co-champion. The team played a scoreless tie with Ace Mumford's national co-champion 1950 Southern Jaguars football team. In the final Dickinson rankings, three undefeated black colleges received the following point totals: Florida A&M (28.76); Southern (28.50); and Maryland State (28.00).  However, Florida A&M lost to Wilberforce State in the Orange Blossom Classic, after the final Dickinson rankings were released.

Central State Marauders and Lady Marauders
The Central State Marauders and Lady Marauders are the athletic teams that represent Central State University, located in Wilberforce, Ohio, in intercollegiate sports as a member of the Division II level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), primarily competing in the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) since the 2015–16 academic year (with football joining first as an affiliate member from 2013–14 to 2015 before upgrading for all sports). The Marauders and Lady Marauders previously competed in the D-II Great Midwest Athletic Conference (G-MAC) from 2012–13 to 2014–15, and as an NCAA D-II Independent from 2002–03 to 2011–12; as well as competing in the American Mideast Conference of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) from 2000–01 to 2001–02.