hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edwin F. Harding
Edwin Forrest Harding (September 18, 1886 – June 5, 1970) commanded the 32nd Infantry Division at the beginning of World War II. He graduated 74th among his classmates from the United States Military Academy in 1909, who included John C. H. Lee (12), Jacob L. Devers (39), George S. Patton (46), Horace H. Fuller (59), Robert L. Eichelberger (68), and William H. Simpson (101). His first field command, the 32nd division was the first American unit, after the Battle for Guadalcanal, to engage in offensive operations in the Pacific Theater of Operations. The 32nd was understrength, ill-trained, poorly equipped, and thrust into its first battle against seasoned Japanese units. The unit finally logged a total of 654 days of combat during World War II, more than any other U.S. Army division. They were among the first to enter the war and were still engaging attacking Japanese after the Armistice was declared.

Owen Stanley Range
The Owen Stanley Range is the south-eastern part of the central mountain-chain in Papua New Guinea. Its highest point is Mount Victoria at 4,038 metres (13,248 ft), while its most prominent peak is Mount Suckling.
Hurricane Peak
Hurricane Peak is a 13,447-foot-elevation (4,099-meter) mountain summit located in San Juan County of southwest Colorado, United States. It is situated equidistant between the historic towns of Ouray and Silverton, and is approximately nine miles west of the Continental Divide. It is part of the San Juan Mountains which are a subset of the Rocky Mountains. Topographic relief is significant as the north aspect rises 1,200 feet (370 meters) above Lake Como in one-half mile. Neighbors include Abrams Mountain 3.4 miles to the north, Red Mountain 2.2 miles to the west, and Tuttle Mountain 1.4 mile to the north. The Mountain Queen Mine, which is located on the east slope of Hurricane Peak at the head of California Gulch, is one of the oldest workings in the area and was most active from 1878 to 1880. The mountain's name, which has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names, was in use in 1906 when Henry Gannett published it in the Gazetteer of Colorado.

Red Mountain (Ouray County, Colorado)
Red Mountain is a set of three peaks in the San Juan Mountains of western Colorado in the United States, about five miles (8.0 km) south of Ouray.  The mountains get their name from the reddish iron ore rocks that cover the surface.  Several other peaks in the San Juan Mountains likewise have prominent reddish coloration from iron ore and are also called "Red Mountain".

Nearby Red Mountain Pass is named after Red Mountain, and the ghost town mining camp of Red Mountain Town is located around Red Mountain.
Clan Rutherford
Clan Rutherford or Rutherfurd/Rutherfurd is a Lowland Scottish clan of the Scottish Borders. The clan is officially recognized by the Lord Lyon King of Arms; however, as it does not currently have a clan chief that is recognized by the Lord Lyon King of Arms, it is considered an armigerous clan.

Scottish clan chief
The Scottish Gaelic word clann means children. In early times, and possibly even today, Scottish clan members believed themselves to descend from a common ancestor, the founder of the clan, after whom the clan is named. The clan chief (ceannard cinnidh) is the representative of this founder, and represents the clan. In the Scottish clan system, a chief is greater than a chieftain (ceann-cinnidh), a designation applied to heads of branches of a clan. Scottish clans that no longer have a clan chief are referred to as armigerous clans.
7th Tennessee Cavalry Regiment (Confederate)
The 7th Tennessee Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment recruited from the state of Tennessee and served in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. The regiment fought in both the Western theater of the American Civil War and the Trans-Mississippi theater of the American Civil War. While the majority of the regiment came from Tennessee a minority came from Alabama, Kentucky, Missouri, and Mississippi. Although a regiment, the unit frequently served as a detachment in various armies including the Army of Tennessee, the Army of the West, and the Army of the Trans-Mississippi among others.

Forrest's Cavalry Corps
Forrest's Cavalry Corps was part of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War and commanded by Lieutenant General Nathan Bedford Forrest. Formed during the summer of 1862, it took part in the various battles in the Western Theater during the second half of the war. At first serving as part of the Army of Tennessee, both Forrest and the corps were then transferred to northern Mississippi and often launched independent raids into Union occupied western and central Tennessee.
Akkuly District
Akkuly (Kazakh: Аққулы ауданы, Aqquly audany, اققۋلى اۋدانى), until 2018 Lebyazhye (Kazakh: Лебяжі ауданы, Lebiaji audany) is a district of Pavlodar Region in northern Kazakhstan. The administrative center of the district is the selo of Akkuly (Kazakh: Аққулы, Aqquly; formerly Akku, Kazakh: Аққу, Aqqu (2018-1996); Lebyazhye (Russian: Лебяжье (until 1996)). Population: 12444 (on January 1, 2018 estimate); 13,798 (2013 estimate); 14,593 (2009 census results); 19,653 (1999 census results).

On 4 August 2018 President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev adopted decree to rename Lebyazhye District to Akkuly District.

Pavlodar Region
Pavlodar Region is a region of Kazakhstan. Its population was 742,475 (2009 census results) and before that 806,983 (1999 census results). The latest official estimate (as at the start of 2022) was 756,511. Its capital is the city of Pavlodar, which had a population of 360,014 at the start of 2018. Many people, especially Ukrainians, migrated to Pavlodar during Nikita Khrushchev's Virgin Lands Campaign.

The Bayanaul National Park, a protected area of the Kazakh Uplands, is located in the Bayanaul Range, within 100 km of Ekibastuz.
Longbush, Wellington
Longbush is a small rural community in the Carterton District, Wairarapa (within the Wellington Region) of New Zealand's North Island. Established in 1902 under the Land for Settlements Consolidation Act 1900, it once formed part of a large estate along with neighbouring Table-lands. Today, it remains a pastoral area with fewer than 200 residents, notable for its scenic valleys, farming character, and heritage features. Longbush Cottage, located within the community, has emerged as a modern garden destination.

Martinborough
Martinborough (Māori: Wharekaka or Māori: Huangarua) is a town in the South Wairarapa District, in the Wellington region of New Zealand's North Island. It is 65 kilometres east of Wellington and 35 kilometres south-west of Masterton. The town has a resident population of 1,900  (June 2025).

The town is home to the South Wairarapa District Council.
Rajyalakshmi
Rajyalakshmi Chandu, better known by her stage name Sankarabharanam Rajyalakshmi (born 18 December 1964) is an Indian actress. She was a prominent lead actress during the 1980s in Telugu, Tamil, Kannada and Malayalam films. She was well noted for her performance in the Telugu movie Sankarabharanam in which she starred as the female lead alongside Chandra Mohan at the age of fifteen. Since her success from Sankarabharanam, Rajyalakshmi has acted as a heroine with many prominent actors from all corners of the Indian film industry including N. T. Rama Rao, Nageswara Rao, Rajinikanth, Balakrishna, Shankar, Mohanlal, Dilip, Jeetendra, Mammooty and Vishnuvardhan.  Currently she is acting in Telugu and Tamil television shows with guest appearances in movies.

Sankar Guru (1987 film)
Sankar Guru is a 1987 Indian Tamil-language action film, directed by L. Raja and produced by M. Saravanan, M. Balasubramanian and M. S. Guhan via AVM Productions. Adapted from Ranjit Mallick starrer blockbuster Bengali film Shatru (1984), the film was shot simultaneously in Telugu as Chinnari Devatha (transl. Little angel) with Raja Naidu as director. It stars Arjun, Seetha, Rajani and Baby Shalini. The film was released on 19 March 1987, and was commercially successful in both languages.
Geodesic map
In mathematics—specifically, in differential geometry—a geodesic map (or geodesic mapping or geodesic diffeomorphism) is a function that "preserves geodesics".  More precisely, given two (pseudo-)Riemannian manifolds (M, g) and (N, h), a function φ : M → N is said to be a geodesic map if

φ is a diffeomorphism of M onto N; and

the image under φ of any geodesic arc in M is a geodesic arc in N; and

the image under the inverse function φ−1 of any geodesic arc in N is a geodesic arc in M.

Pseudo-Riemannian manifold
In mathematical physics, a pseudo-Riemannian manifold, also called a semi-Riemannian manifold, is a differentiable manifold with a metric tensor that is everywhere nondegenerate.  This is a generalization of a Riemannian manifold in which the requirement of positive-definiteness is relaxed.

Every tangent space of a pseudo-Riemannian manifold is a pseudo-Euclidean vector space.

A special case used in general relativity is a four-dimensional Lorentzian manifold for modeling spacetime, where tangent vectors can be classified as timelike, null, and spacelike.
2022 Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season
The 2022 Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association season was the season of college football played by the seven member schools of the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association (MIAA) as part of the 2022 NCAA Division III football season.

The Alma Scots compiled a 10–0 record in the regular season and won the program's first MIAA championship since 2004. They advanced to the NCAA Division III Football Championship playoffs, where they lost in the second round to Aurora.

2022 NCAA Division III football season
The 2022 NCAA Division III football season was the component of the 2022 college football season organized by the NCAA at the Division III level in the United States. The regular season began on September 3 and ended on November 12. This was the 49th season that the NCAA has sponsored a Division III championship.

Mary Hardin–Baylor, the defending national champions, were the top-ranked team to begin the season.

The season's playoffs were played between November 19 and December 16, culminating in the national championship—also known as the Stagg Bowl—at the Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium in Annapolis, Maryland.
Pallickal Naduvilemuri
Pallickal Naduvilemuri is a small village located in the southern part of Alappuzha district, six kilometers south of Mavelikkara and six kilometers apart from Kayamkulam. The village is known for its temples, which contributed to its name. This place belongs to Onattukara.Total 9 villages/localities come under pincode 690503. Bharanikkavu is a part of Pallickal Naduvilemuri, there are 2 other villages/localities which come under Pallickal Naduvilemuri. Nearby villages include Olakettiambalam, Kurthicad, Mullikulangra, Bharanikavu, Peringala etc.

Bharanikkavu
Bharanikkavu is a Panchayat in the Kayamkulam legislative assembly in Alappuzha district in the Indian state of Kerala.

The village by the same name is a part of it.

The name is derived from the historic Bharanikkavu Devi temple situated here.
E. E. Jones
Edmund Evans Jones (September 12, 1870 – February 8, 1932) was an American college football coach and attorney. He served as the head coach at the University of Georgia for one year in 1900, compiling a record of 2–4. Jones was the first of two head coaches to come to Georgia from Princeton University. Only three outside schools have provided Georgia with more than one head coach in football: Princeton (Jones and William A. Reynolds), Cornell University (Pop Warner and Gordon Saussy), and Brown University (Charles McCarthy, James Coulter, and Frank Dobson).

Jones was born in Coaldale, Pennsylvania and attended Princeton. He later worked as an assistant district attorney and was a member of Luzerne County, Pennsylvania's bar association.

Frank Dobson (American football)
Frank Mills Dobson (January 10, 1885 – December 1, 1956) was an American college football, college basketball, college baseball, and track and field coach and athletics administrator. He served as the head football coach at the University of Georgia (1909, with Joseph Coulter), Clemson University (1910–1912), the University of Richmond (1913–1917, 1919–1933), the University of South Carolina (1918), the University of Maryland (1936–1939), and The Apprentice School (1940–1948), compiling a career college football head coaching record of 136–142–24. Dobson was also the head basketball coach at Clemson (1911–1913) and Richmond (1912–1917, 1919–1933) and the head baseball coach at Clemson (1911–1913) and Richmond (1915–1933).
Kongwang Mountain
Kongwang Mountain (Chinese: 孔望山), with a height of 129 meters, is located in the south of Haizhou district, Lianyungang city, Jiangsu Province, China. The name of Kongwang came from the story that the Confucius once climbed the mountain to watch the sea (although nowadays the sea is no longer visible from the mountain).

Kongwang Mountain is famous for the rock sculptures, which was sculpted in Han dynasty (late 2nd to early 3rd century).

34°34′06″N 119°10′06″E﻿ / ﻿34.5682°N 119.1683°E﻿ / 34.5682; 119.1683

Haizhou, Lianyungang
Haizhou District (simplified Chinese: 海州区; traditional Chinese: 海州區; pinyin: Hǎizhōu Qū) is one of three urban districts of Lianyungang, Jiangsu province, China.

Xinpu District was a former district of Lianyungang, Jiangsu province, China. Now, it's merged into Haizhou District.
2014 Finnish League Cup
The 2014 Finnish League Cup will be the 18th season of the Finnish League Cup, Finland's second-most prestigious cup football tournament. FC Lahti are the defending champions, having won their second league cup last year.

The cup consists of two stages. First, there will be a group stage that involves the 12 Veikkausliiga teams divided into four groups. The top two teams from each group will enter the one-legged elimination rounds – quarter-finals, semi-finals, and the final.

Finnish League Cup
The Finnish League Cup (in Finnish: Liigacup), is a knock-out football competition contested annually during the pre-season in winter by teams from Veikkausliiga. 
The competition is notably the only football competition in Europe which is mostly played indoors. It is also administrated by Veikkausliiga
David Manning (fictitious writer)
David Manning (sometimes "Dave") was a pseudonym used by a marketing executive around July 2000 to give consistently good reviews for releases from Sony subsidiary Columbia Pictures. Several fictional review quotes attributed to "David Manning" were used in the promotion of medieval action/drama A Knight's Tale (describing Heath Ledger as "this year's hottest new star!") and Rob Schneider's comedy The Animal ("Another winner!"), the latter of which generally received poor reviews by real critics. The story emerged in mid-2001 in connection with the film The Patriot.

Film promotion
Film promotion is the practice of promotion specifically in the film industry, and usually occurs in coordination with the process of film distribution. Sometimes this is called the press junket or film junket. Film promotion generally includes press releases, advertising campaigns, merchandising, franchising, media, and interviews with the key people involved in making the film, such as the film's actors and directors.  This process is an important part of any release because of the inherent high financial risk; film studios will invest in expensive marketing campaigns to maximize revenue early in the release cycle. Marketing budgets tend to equal about half the production budget. Publicity is generally handled by the distributor and exhibitors.
British Rail Class 05
The British Rail Class 05 is a class of 0-6-0 diesel-mechanical shunters built by Hunslet Engine Company from 1955 to 1961. They were used on the Eastern and Scottish Regions of British Railways. The first two batches were delivered as 11136-11143 (later renumbered D2550-D2557) and 11161-11176 (later renumbered D2558-D2573). Subsequent locomotives were delivered, new, as D2574-D2618.

The British Rail Class D2/5 built by Andrew Barclay Sons & Co. were reported in several sources as having received the TOPS class number 05, though this was in error, and they are not listed as such in the latest works by Marsden, 2011.

0-6-0
0-6-0 is the Whyte notation designation for steam locomotives with a wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles, and no trailing wheels. Historically, this was the most common wheel arrangement used on both tender and tank locomotives in versions with both inside and outside cylinders.

In the United Kingdom, the Whyte notation of wheel arrangement was also often used for the classification of electric and diesel-electric locomotives with side-rod coupled driving wheels. Under the UIC classification, popular in Europe, this wheel arrangement is written as C if the wheels are coupled with rods or gears, or Co if they are independently driven, the latter usually being electric and diesel-electric locomotives.
Disciseda bovista
Disciseda bovista is a rare species of gasteroid fungus in the family Agaricaceae. It was first described as Geastrum bovista by Johann Friedrich Klotzsch in 1843. Paul Christoph Hennings transferred it to the genus Disciseda in 1903.

Disciseda
Disciseda is a genus of gasteroid fungi in the family Agaricaceae. It is a widely distributed genus that is prevalent in arid zones. Disciseda was circumscribed by mycologist Vassiliĭ Matveievitch Czernajew in 1845.
Uersfeld
Uersfeld is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Kelberg, whose seat is in the like-named municipality.

Hochkelberg
At 674.9 metres (2,214 ft) the Hochkelberg is one of the ten highest mountains in the Vulkan Eifel in Germany. It is a former stratovolcano, at the southern foot of which lies the Mosbrucher Weiher, an explosion crater lake or  maar. Below the summit of the Hochkelberg is a transmission tower.

Originally the mountain which is visible today lay 200 metres below the surface. When the region was uplifted the outer layers were carried away leaving the hard basaltic core.

The slopes of the Hochkelberg are covered today with dense beech woods with a variety of species. The ruins of Roman buildings may also be seen here.
Flemingia vestita
Flemingia vestita,  famously known as sohphlang, is a nitrogen fixing herb with characteristic tuberous root, belonging to the genus Flemingia.  The root is edible and is a common vegetable in some Asian tribal communities. In addition, it has been traditionally used as an anthelmintic, the basis of which is scientifically validated.

It is found as a wild herb along the mountain slopes of Himalayas. It is distributed in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces of China, Nepal and Khasi hills, Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya in Northeast India. It is also sparsely found in Laos, Philippines and Vietnam.

Isoflavone
Isoflavones are a type of naturally occurring isoflavonoids, many of which act as phytoestrogens in mammals. Isoflavones occur in many plant species, but are especially high in soybeans.

Although isoflavones and closely related phytoestrogens are sold as dietary supplements, there is little scientific evidence for either the safety of long-term supplementation or of health benefits from these compounds. Some studies indicate that isoflavone supplementation may help lower the risk of hormone-related cancers.
Ducati 250 Mark 3
The Ducati 250 Mark 3 is a 249 cc (15.2 cu in) single cylinder bevel drive SOHC motorcycle produced by the Italian manufacturer Ducati from 1967 to 1974. Initially produced using the 'narrow case' engine, the newly introduced 'wide case' engine was used from 1968. A higher performance version, the Ducati 250 Mark 3D, which used desmodromic valves was also available.

Total production was around 2,800 Mark 3s and 1,300 Mark 3Ds.

Ignition system
Ignition systems are used by heat engines to initiate combustion by igniting the fuel-air mixture. In a spark ignition versions of the internal combustion engine (such as petrol engines), the ignition system creates a spark to ignite the fuel-air mixture just before each combustion stroke. Gas turbine engines and rocket engines normally use an ignition system only during start-up.

Diesel engines use compression ignition to ignite the fuel-air mixture using the heat of compression and therefore do not use an ignition system. They usually have glowplugs that preheat the combustion chamber to aid starting in cold weather.

Early cars used ignition magneto and trembler coil systems, which were superseded by Distributor-based systems (first used in 1912). Electronic ignition systems (first used in 1968) became common towards the end of the 20th century, with coil-on-plug versions of these systems becoming widespread since the 1990s.
Lorene Toring
Lorene Grace Montebon Toring (born February 17, 2000) is a Filipino volleyball player. She played for the Adamson Soaring Lady Falcons in the UAAP before turning pro as a middle blocker for the Farm Fresh Foxies in the Premier Volleyball League.

2019 Premier Volleyball League Collegiate Conference
The 2019 Premier Volleyball League Collegiate Conference was the ninth conference of the Premier Volleyball League and the third and final conference of the 2019 season. The conference started on August 17, 2019, and ended on October 12, 2019, at the Filoil Flying V Centre, San Juan, Metro Manila, Philippines. Defending champions University of the Philippines skipped this conference, while reigning University Athletic Association of the Philippines champion Ateneo de Manila University returned after sitting out the 2018 collegiate conference.

This conference ran simultaneously with the 2019 Open Conference. It was also the last time the Collegiate Conference was held in the PVL. After the league turned pro, collegiate teams instead competed in the relaunched V-League from 2022 onwards.
1940 State of the Union Address
The 1940 State of the Union Address was given by the 32nd president of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt, on Wednesday, January 3, 1940, to both houses of 76th United States Congress.  It was given after World War II had begun, but before the fall of France, and about a year before the United States entered the war..  He said, "You are well aware that dictatorships--and the philosophy of force that justifies and accompanies dictatorships--have originated in almost every case in the necessity for drastic action to improve internal conditions in places where democratic action for one reason or another has failed to respond to modern needs and modern demands."

Notably the President mentions the Trade Agreements Act towards the advancement of fair global trade. Additionally the President noted he subscribed to George Washington's policy against "entangling foreign alliances."

Reciprocal Tariff Act
The Reciprocal Tariff Act (enacted June 12, 1934, ch. 474, 48 Stat. 943, 19 U.S.C. § 1351) provided for the negotiation of tariff agreements between the United States and separate nations,  particularly Latin American countries. The Act served as an institutional reform intended to authorize the president to negotiate with foreign nations to reduce tariffs in return for reciprocal reductions in tariffs in the United States up to 50%.

It resulted in a reduction of duties. This was the policy of the low tariff Democrats in response to the high tariff Republican program which produced the Smoot–Hawley tariff of 1930 that raised rates and sharply reduced international trade. The Reciprocal Tariff Act was promoted heavily by Secretary of State Cordell Hull.