hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sasan (land grant)
Sasan (Dingal for 'self-ruled'; IAST: Sāṃsaṇa) was a tax-free land grant given in the form of either partial or whole villages to the Charanas by rulers in medieval India. These grants were given in perpetuity and enjoyed superior rights compared to other land tenures.These land grants (often referred to as Sasan) were awarded for their diverse roles as poets, litterateurs, and warriors. Due to their status as landholders, Charan sirdars were formally recognized as Jagirdars and were entitled to use the title Thakur. In certain regions, such as Marwar, prominent Charan families held such significant status that they were effectively regarded as Darbars.

Heredity
Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents. Through heredity, variations between individuals can accumulate and cause species to evolve by natural selection. The study of heredity in biology is genetics.
Achdé
Achdé (French: [aʃde]), the pseudonym of Hervé Darmenton ([daʁmɑ̃tɔ̃]; born July 30, 1961), is a French comic book writer and artist. The pseudonym is based on the French pronunciation of his initials, "H.D." (similar to Hergé and Jijé). After the death of Morris, the creator of Lucky Luke, Achdé continued the task of drawing new Lucky Luke stories from 2003 onwards.

Morris (cartoonist)
Maurice De Bevere (Dutch: [moːˈriz də ˈbeːvərə]; French: [mɔʁis də bəvɛʁ, moʁ-]; 1 December 1923 – 16 July 2001), better known as Morris, was a Belgian comics artist, illustrator, and the creator of Lucky Luke, a best-selling comic series about a gunslinger in the American Wild West. He was inspired by the adventures of the historic Dalton Gang and other outlaws. It was a best-selling series for more than 50 years, published internationally and translated into 23 languages. He collaborated for two decades with French writer René Goscinny on the series. Morris's pen name is an Anglicized version of Maurice.
Global Multimedia Protocols Group
The Global Multimedia Protocols Group (GMPG) was founded in March 2003 by Tantek Çelik, Eric A. Meyer, and Matt Mullenweg.  The group has developed methods to represent human relationships using XHTML called XHTML Friends Network (XFN) and XHTML Meta Data Profiles (XMDP), for use in weblogs.

GMPG was founded to develop the initial principles for XFN, the XHTML Friends Network as an attempt for the creation of a simple way to express human relationships on the Web within HTML (machine-readable).

As of 2015, an analysis of the network of pages collected by Common Crawl found that the web host gmpg.org had the highest PageRank and third highest in-degree of all the hosts in the network.

The name of the group was taken from the 1992 cyberpunk novel Snow Crash.

Common Crawl Foundation
Common Crawl is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization that crawls the web and freely provides its archives and datasets to the public.

Common Crawl was founded by Gil Elbaz. It is funded by the Elbaz Family Foundation Trust and significant donations from the AI industry.

Contents archived by Common Crawl are mirrored and made available online in the Wayback Machine. They are used by researchers, as well as AI companies to train large language models.

In November 2025, an investigation by The Atlantic revealed that Common Crawl lied when it claimed it respected paywalls in its scraping and requests from publishers to have their content removed from its databases.

Common Crawl subsequently published a reply.
Istanbul Greek dialect
The Istanbul Greek dialect (Greek: Πολίτικη διάλεκτος or Κωνσταντινουπολίτικη διάλεκτος) is the endangered Greek dialect spoken by the Greek community in Istanbul, which has now shrunk to a couple thousand individuals. It is differentiated from Standard Greek due to a number of internal divergent developments, preservation of characteristics of Ancient Greek that are absent from Standard Greek, and language contact, most notably with Turkish, French, Italian and Armenian. Various characteristics of Istanbul Greek are said to have parallels in Old Athenian Greek, as well as Tsakonian.

The idiom is spoken mainly in Istanbul, and among the Istanbul Greek emigre community in Athens.

Varieties of Modern Greek
The linguistic varieties of Modern Greek can be classified along two principal dimensions. First, there is a long tradition of sociolectal variation between the natural, popular spoken language on the one hand and archaizing, learned written forms on the other. Second, there is regional variation between dialects. The competition between the popular and the learned registers (see Diglossia) culminated in the struggle between Dimotiki and Katharevousa during the 19th and 20th centuries. As for regional dialects, variation within the bulk of dialects of present-day Greece is not particularly strong, except for a number of outlying, highly divergent dialects spoken by isolated communities.
Zaprinast
Zaprinast was an unsuccessful clinical drug candidate that was a precursor to the chemically related PDE5 inhibitors, such as sildenafil (Viagra), which successfully reached the market. It is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, selective for the subtypes PDE5, PDE6, PDE9 and PDE11.  IC50 values are 0.76, 0.15, 29.0, and 12.0 μM, respectively.

Zaprinast inhibits the growth of asexual blood-stage malaria parasites (P. falciparum) in vitro with an ED50 value of 35 μM, and inhibits PfPDE1, a P. falciparum cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase, with an IC50 value of 3.8 μM.

Zaprinast has also been shown to activate the orphan G-protein coupled receptor known as GPR35, both in rats and humans, and to inhibit the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier.

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor
A phosphodiesterase inhibitor is a drug that blocks one or more of the five subtypes of the enzyme phosphodiesterase (PDE), thereby preventing the inactivation of the intracellular second messengers, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) by the respective PDE subtype(s). The ubiquitous presence of this enzyme means that non-specific inhibitors have a wide range of actions, with those in the heart and lungs being some of the first to find therapeutic use.
Saafir
Reggie Gibson (August 23, 1970 – November 19, 2024), better known as Saafir, was an American rapper, producer, and actor. He was also a member of the rap group Golden State Project (formerly known as Golden State Warriors) with Ras Kass and Xzibit.

Sway & King Tech
Sway & DJ King Tech is an American hip-hop duo from San Francisco, California, composed of Bay Area rapper Sway and DJ King Tech.

Also known as Flynamic Force or Sway & Tech, they are the hosts of the nationally syndicated show, The Wake Up Show.

In addition to their radio hosting, they have released four albums, mostly featuring other rappers, much of which was recorded while on their program. The duo is best known for their hit single, "The Anthem" from 1999's This or That which featured a collection of rappers including RZA, Eminem, Tech N9ne, Xzibit, Pharoahe Monch, Jayo Felony, Chino XL, KRS-One and Kool G Rap.
1897–98 Brentford F.C. season
During the 1897–98 English football season, Brentford competed in the London League First Division. A hugely successful season saw the Bees win the London Senior Cup, the Middlesex Senior Cup and finish as runners-up in the league.

London Senior Cup
The London Senior Cup is the County Senior Cup of the London FA.  The London Senior Cup was first won by Upton Park in 1882. Although the leading professional sides in London no longer compete, the Cup has been won in the past by the likes of Arsenal (as Royal Arsenal in 1891), Brentford, Wimbledon and Barnet. The current champions are Hanwell Town.
Portrush Hockey Club
Portrush Hockey Club is a hockey club affiliated to the Ulster Branch of the Irish Hockey Association based in Portrush, County Antrim. The club currently plays in the Intermediate League of Ulster Hockey.

Portrush
Portrush (from Irish Port Rois, meaning 'port of the promontory') is a small seaside resort town on the north coast of County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It neighbours the resort of Portstewart in County Londonderry. The main part of the old town, including the railway station as well as most hotels, restaurants and bars, is built on a 1 mile (1.6 km)–long peninsula, Ramore Head. It had a population of 6,150 at the 2021 census.

The town is well known for its three sandy beaches, the West Strand, East Strand and White Rocks, as well as the Royal Portrush Golf Club, the only golf club outside Great Britain which has hosted The Open Championship – in 1951, 2019, and 2025.
CFS Sydney
Canadian Forces Station Sydney, also known as CFS Sydney, is a former Canadian Forces Station located in the community of Lingan Road, Nova Scotia.

It was operational as a Pinetree Line radar station from April 1954 to January 1991.

For Information on the World War II, RCAF Aerodrome located near Sydney, Nova Scotia please see Sydney/J.A. Douglas McCurdy Airport

JA Douglas McCurdy Sydney Airport
JA Douglas McCurdy Sydney Airport (IATA: YQY, ICAO: CYQY) is a regional airport located in Reserve Mines in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. The airport serves the Cape Breton Regional Municipality (CBRM) and the surrounding areas of Cape Breton Island. McCurdy Sydney Airport has the distinction of being the oldest public airport in Nova Scotia, first licensed on August 3, 1929.

The airport features two runways and one passenger terminal, along with several hangars and maintenance facilities.

Nav Canada classifies Sydney as an airport of entry by and as such is staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA). CBSA officers at this airport can handle aircraft with no more than 44 passengers, or with staged offloading of up to 200 passengers.
Johannes Palaschko
Johannes Palaschko (13 July 1877 in Berlin – 21 October 1932 in Berlin) was a German composer, violinist and violist who wrote numerous works for both violin and viola. He became a violin student of Joseph Joachim in 1891, concurrently studying music theory with Ernst Eduard Taubert and composition with Heinrich von Herzogenberg. In 1899 he graduated from the Berlin Hochschule für Musik. In 1913 he became Director of the Böttscher Conservatory in Berlin; that same year he married Martha Jürgens.

Many of his viola etudes are still in print; he published 480 violin etudes and 217 viola etudes. He also published 178 works for violin and piano.

Ernst Eduard Taubert
Ernst Eduard Taubert (25 September 1838 in Regenwalde – 14 July 1934) was a Pomeranian composer, music critic, and music educator. He began his education in Bonn where he was first a student of theology and later a music pupil of Albert Dietrich. He then studied under Friedrich Kiel in Berlin. He remained in Berlin for the rest of his life where he worked as a music critic for local publications and taught at the Stern Conservatory, first as a lecturer and then as a full professor since 1898. In 1905 he was elected a member of the Prussian Academy of Arts where he taught until his death in Berlin in 1934. He is best remembered today for his Quintet for Piano and Winds, Op. 48 and his String Quartet, Op. 56.
Pinoxepin
Pinoxepin (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name; developmental code name P-5227; pinoxepin hydrochloride (USANTooltip United States Adopted Name)) is an antipsychotic of the tricyclic group with a dibenzoxepin ring system which was developed in the 1960s but was never marketed. It was found in clinical trials to have effectiveness in the treatment of schizophrenia similar to that of chlorpromazine and thioridazine. The drug has marked sedative effects but causes relatively mild extrapyramidal symptoms.

Dibenzoxepin
Dibenzoxepin, or dibenz[b,e]oxepin, is a tricyclic compound. It is the parent structure of certain drugs such as the tricyclic antidepressant doxepin and the analgesic fluradoline. The former is the only tricyclic antidepressant that is a dibenzoxepin.
Bernard Marot
Bernard Marot (fl. 1590–1650) was a French surgeon and ship's captain.

Marot arrived in Acadia in about 1610 and was located at Port-Royal as a qualified surgeon. In 1630, he was charge of restocking Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour at Cap de Sable for the Compagnie des Cent-Associés.

He also served Isaac de Razilly and, after Razilly's death, Charles de Menou d'Aulnay. In 1640, he went to reinforce the garrison at Fort Pentagouet for Charles de Menou.

Marot also acted as a privateer, trader and fisherman during his last known 20 years in Acadia, often without the knowledge of the authorities. Marot, and those like him, were important to the history of the time performing vital tasks to secure the settlements and advance the importance of the economy.

Fort Pentagouet
Fort Pentagouët  (Fort Pentagoet, Fort Castine, Fort Penobscot, Fort Saint-Pierre) was a French fort established in present-day Castine, Maine, which was the capital of Acadia (1670–1674). It is the oldest permanent settlement in New England.

Its commanding position at the mouth of the Penobscot River estuary, a lucrative source of furs and timber, as well as a major transportation route into the interior, made the peninsula of particular interest to European powers in the 17th century. Majabagaduce (as the Abenaki name would be corrupted) changed hands numerous times with shifting imperial politics. At one time or another, it was occupied by the French, Dutch and England's Plymouth Colony.
Mpohor (district)
Mpohor District is one of the fourteen districts in Western Region, Ghana. Originally it was formerly part of the then-larger Mpohor/Wassa East District in 1988, which was created from the former Wassa-Fiase-Mpohor District Council, until the southwest part of the district was split off to create Mpohor District on 28 June 2012; thus the remaining part has been renamed as Wassa East District. The district assembly is located in the eastern part of Western Region and has Mpohor as its capital town.

Wassa-Fiase-Mpohor District
Wassa-Fiase-Mpohor District is a former district council that was located in Western Region, Ghana. It was originally created as a district council in 1975. However, on 1988, it was split off into two new district assemblies: Wassa West District (capital: Tarkwa) and Mpohor/Wassa East District (capital: Daboase). The district council was located in the eastern part of Western Region and had Tarkwa as its capital town.
Evo 2017
The 2017 Evolution Championship Series (commonly referred to as Evo 2017) was a fighting game event held in Las Vegas on July 14–16 that was part of the long-running Evolution Championship Series. The event offered tournaments for various fighting games, such as Street Fighter V, Tekken 7, and Injustice 2. Over 10,000 people registered for the event with Tekken 7 receiving double the number of players from the previous year.

Make-A-Wish Foundation
The Make-A-Wish Foundation is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization founded in the United States that helps fulfill the wishes of seriously ill children. The organization is headquartered in Phoenix and operates through its 58 chapters located throughout the United States. Make-A-Wish also operates in about 50 other countries through 40 international affiliates. Professional wrestler John Cena holds the title for the most wishes granted by a single individual, at over 650 wishes.
Duck circovirus
Duck circovirus (DuCV) is a type of virus found in ducks. Strains of the virus have predominantly been found in China, though strains have also been isolated from ducks in Germany and the United States.

Duck circovirus is a small nonenveloped virus with a monomeric single-stranded circular DNA genome. DuCV has been  clustered in the Circoviridae family genus Circovirus, according to the eighth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.

Muscovy duck
The Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) is a shelduck native to the Americas, from the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas and Mexico south to Argentina and Uruguay. The species has been domesticated, and feral Muscovy ducks can be found locally in New Zealand, Australia, the United States, and in Central and Eastern Europe.
East Aston Common
East Aston Common is an 18.2-hectare (45-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of Andover in Hampshire.

This site in the flood plain of the River Test is part of one of the finest chalk stream habitats in Britain. It has alluvial meadows with a rich variety of herbs, areas of tall fen and a wide and shallow stretch of the river. There are many wetland birds, such as  grasshopper warblers, water rails and reed bunting.

River Test
The River Test is a chalk stream in Hampshire in the south of England. It rises at Ashe near Basingstoke and flows southwards for 40 miles (64 km) to Southampton Water. Settlements on the Test include the towns of Stockbridge and Romsey. The river's valley gives its name to the local government district of Test Valley. Below the village of Longparish, the river is broadly followed by the Test Way, a long-distance footpath.

Much of the Test is a 438-hectare (1,080-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest. It is part of the Solent and Southampton Water Ramsar site and Special Protection Area. The river is used for fly fishing for trout from its source to its tidal limit.
Strzemeszna
Strzemeszna [stʂɛˈmɛʂna] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czerniewice, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) east of Czerniewice, 22 km (14 mi) north-east of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 53 km (33 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

The village has an approximate population of 350.

Czerniewice
Czerniewice [t͡ʂɛrɲɛˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Czerniewice. It lies on the Krzemionka River, approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) north-east of Tomaszów Mazowiecki and 50 km (31 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź. It was probably founded in the 14th century.

In 2004 the village had a population of 730.
Israel Shamir
Israel Shamir (Russian: Исраэль Шамир, [jɪsrɐˈɛlʲ ʂɐˈmʲir]; born 1947 or 1948), also known by the names Robert David, Vassili Krasevsky, Jöran Jermas and Adam Ermash, is a Swedish writer and journalist, known for his ties to WikiLeaks and for promoting antisemitism and Holocaust denial. His son Johannes Wahlström is a spokesperson for WikiLeaks in Sweden.

Shamir has published or self-published a number of his books; his book Flowers of Galilee (2004) was banned for a time in France over allegations it was inciting racial hatred and antisemitism.

James Ball (journalist)
James Ball is a British journalist and author. He has worked for The Grocer, The Guardian, WikiLeaks, BuzzFeed, The New European and The Washington Post and is the author of several books. He is the recipient of several awards for journalism and was a member of The Guardian team that won the Pulitzer Prize for investigative journalism.
2019 London NATO summit
The 2019 London Summit of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was the formal meeting of the heads of state and heads of government of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It was held in The Grove, Watford, Hertfordshire, England, United Kingdom, on 3 and 4 December 2019.

It also marked the 70th anniversary of the founding of NATO.

NATO summit
A NATO summit  is a summit meeting that is regarded as a periodic opportunity for heads of state and heads of government of NATO member countries to evaluate and provide strategic direction for Alliance activities.

NATO summits are not regular meetings like the more frequent NATO ministerial meetings, but rather are important junctures in the alliance's decision-making process on the highest level. Summits are often used to introduce new policy, invite new members into the alliance, launch major new initiatives, and build partnerships with non-NATO countries.
Grounds of the University of Virginia
The University of Virginia campus, referred to as Grounds, straddles the border between the City of Charlottesville and Albemarle County. The university also maintains 562 acres north of the campus at North Fork and 2,913 acres southeast of the city at Morven Farm. It also is in the process of building a campus in Northern Virginia within Fairfax, Virginia.

Brown College at Monroe Hill
Brown College at Monroe Hill is one of three residential colleges at the University of Virginia. Originally named Monroe Hill College, Brown opened in 1986 as the first modern residential college at the University of Virginia. It was renamed Brown College at Monroe Hill in recognition of the endowment donated by the Brown family (of the Brown-Forman Corporation) in 1994. The college is led by John T. Casteen, Principal. A number of faculty fellows from many departments and schools of the university maintain close ties to the college.

The compound that conforms the college is principally made of the following buildings known as portals: Davis, Smith, Mallet, Long, Venable, Gildersleeve, McGuffey, Harrison, Tucker, Holmes, Rogers and Peters. Each portal houses approximately 24 students and all twelve are connected by underground passages frequently referred to as tunnels.
Historicism (art)
Historicism or historism comprises artistic styles that draw their inspiration from recreating historic styles or imitating the work of historic artists and artisans. This is especially common in architecture, where there are many different styles of Revival architecture, which dominated large buildings in the 19th century. Through a combination of different styles or the implementation of new elements, historicism can create completely different aesthetics than former styles. Thus, it offers a great variety of possible designs.

Second Empire style
Second Empire style, also known as the Napoleon III style or Haussmann style, is a highly eclectic style of architecture and decorative arts originating in the Second French Empire. It was characterized by elements of many different historical styles, and also made innovative use of modern materials, such as iron frameworks and glass skylights. It flourished during the reign of Emperor Napoleon III (1852–1870) and had an important influence on architecture and decoration in the rest of Europe and North America. Major examples of the style include the Opéra Garnier (1862–1871) in Paris by Charles Garnier, the Institut National d'Histoire de l'Art, the Church of Saint Augustine (1860–1871), and the Philadelphia City Hall (1871–1901). The architectural style was closely connected with Haussmann's renovation of Paris carried out during the Second Empire; the new buildings, such as the Opéra, were intended as the focal points of the new boulevards.
2013 BGL Luxembourg Open
The 2013 BGL Luxembourg Open was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts sponsored by BNP Paribas. It was the 18th edition of the BGL Luxembourg Open, and part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2013 WTA Tour. It was held in Kockelscheuer, Luxembourg from 14 October until 20 October 2013.

Luxembourg Open
The Luxembourg Open, last sponsored by BGL, was a women's tennis tournament held in Kockelscheuer, Luxembourg. Held since 1991, the tournament was an exhibition event (winners including Novotná, Navratilova and Appelmans) until 1995. After that, it became a WTA Tier III tournament, which it remained until 2004.  In 2005, it was promoted to Tier II, marking the first such event to be held in Luxembourg. In 2008, the tournament was relegated to a Tier III event, before it became an International Series tournament in 2009.

Kim Clijsters of Belgium holds the record of most singles wins: 5 (1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005). No other player has won more than twice.