hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Exposure factor
Exposure factor (EF), in risk management,

is the subjective, potential percentage of loss to a specific asset if a specific threat is realized. 
It is usually applied in IT risk assessment, but may be applied to quantifying business risk more generally.

Per formula:

The exposure factor is usually a subjective value that the person assessing risk must define. It is represented in the impact of the risk over the asset, or percentage of asset lost. As an example, if the asset value is reduced two thirds, the exposure factor value is 0.66. If the asset is completely lost, the exposure factor is 1.0.

IT risk
Information technology risk, IT risk, IT-related risk, or cyber risk is any risk relating to information technology. While information has long been appreciated as a valuable and important asset, the rise of the knowledge economy and the Digital Revolution has led to organizations becoming increasingly dependent on information, information processing and especially IT.  Various events or incidents that compromise IT in some way can therefore cause adverse impacts on the organization's business processes or mission, ranging from inconsequential to catastrophic in scale.

Assessing the probability or likelihood of various types of event/incident with their predicted impacts or consequences, should they occur, is a common way to assess and measure IT risks.  Alternative methods of measuring IT risk typically involve assessing other contributory factors such as the threats, vulnerabilities, exposures, and asset values.
Venues of the 1960 Summer Olympics
For the 1960 Summer Olympics, a total of thirty-four sports venues were used. The Basilica of Maxentius, the Baths of Caracalla, the Appian Way, and Via Cassia were among the ancient Roman venues used for the games. The football stadium in Florence hosted the 1934 FIFA World Cup and would later host the 1990 FIFA World Cup. Stadio Olimpico would later serve host to the 1987 IAAF World Championships in Athletics and the final venue for the 1990 FIFA World Cup. The marathon would be lit at night by Italian soldiers holding torches that included the Appian Way with a finish at the Arch of Constantine.

Basilica of Maxentius
The Basilica of Maxentius (Italian: Basilica di Massenzio), sometimes known by its original Latin name, Basilica Nova or, less commonly, the Basilica of Constantine (Italian: Basilica Constantini), was a civic basilica in the Roman Forum. At the time of its construction, it was the largest building in the Forum, and the last Roman basilica built in the city.
GVK Industries
GVK Industries Limited is an Indian conglomerate headquartered in Hyderabad with interests in several sectors, including energy, airports, hospitality, transportation, real estate, pharmaceuticals, and technology. After acquiring Australian coal mines in Queensland for US$1.26 billion, GVK forecasts an investment of US$10 billion in mine, rail, and port projects. Its flagship company, GVK Power & Infrastructure Limited, is listed on both the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and the National Stock Exchange (NSE) as GVKPIL .

Bombay Stock Exchange
BSE Limited, also known as the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), is an Indian stock exchange based in Mumbai. Established in 1875, it is the oldest stock exchange in Asia, and also the tenth oldest in the world. It is the 6th largest stock exchange in the world by total market capitalisation, exceeding $5 trillion in May 2024.
Philippe Giusiano
Philippe Giusiano (born 1973, in Marseille) is a French classical pianist.

In 1990, he took part at the XII International Chopin Piano Competition, obtaining an Honourable Mention. Five years later, Giusiano took part in the XIII competition and made it to the finals along with Alexei Sultanov and Gabriela Montero. With the 1st prize being declared void, Giusiano and Sultanov shared the 2nd prize.

Giusiano's teachers have included Odile Poisson (Conservatoire de Marseille), Pierre Barbizet (idem ), Jean-Claude Pennetier (Paris Conservatory), Jacques Rouvier (idem), Karl-Heinz Kämmerling (Universität Mozarteum Salzburg), and Jan Wijn (Conservatorium van Amsterdam).

Gabriela Montero
Gabriela Montero (born May 10, 1970) is a Venezuelan pianist, known both for her  improvisations of musical pieces on themes suggested by her audience and other sources, as well as for her performances of a standard classical repertoire.

Having started her artistic career in the El Sistema music education program in Venezuela, Montero later studied at the Royal Academy of Music in the U.K. She has performed in major concert halls in the U.S. and Europe with international orchestras, including the New York Philharmonic, the Los Angeles Philharmonic and the Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra.

Among other recognition, Montero has been honored with two Grammy Awards and two ECHO Prizes in Germany.
1985 Down Senior Hurling Championship
The 1985 Down Senior Hurling Championship was the 77th staging of the Down Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Down County Board in 1903.

Ballycran entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 8 September 1985 at St Patrick's Park, between Ballycran and Portaferry. Ballycran won the match to claim their 15th championship title overall and a second consecutive title.

Down Senior Hurling Championship
The Down Senior Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the Morgan Fuels Down GAA Senior Hurling Championship and abbreviated to the Down SHC) is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Down GAA clubs. The Down County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1903. Ballycran won the 2021 championship defeating Portaferry in the Final after extra time.

Portaferry are the title holders, defeating Ballycran by 0-20 to 0-16 in the 2023 final.
DHS Acquisition Accountability and Efficiency Act
The DHS Acquisition Accountability and Efficiency Act (H.R. 4228) is a bill that would direct the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to improve the accountability, transparency, and efficiency of its major acquisition programs. The bill would specify procedures for the department to follow if it fails to meet timelines, cost estimates, or other performance parameters for these programs.

The bill was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.

United States Government Accountability Office
The United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) is a federal agency within the legislative branch of the United States government that provides auditing, evaluative, and investigative services for the United States Congress in an independent and nonpartisan capacity. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C. at the US General Accounting Office Building in Judiciary Square, and has a headquarters office annex at the Longworth House Office Building on Capitol Hill.

The GAO is the supreme audit institution of the federal government of the United States. It identifies its core "mission values" as: accountability, integrity, and reliability. It is also known as the "congressional watchdog".

The agency is headed by the comptroller general of the United States. The current Acting Comptroller General is Orice Williams Brown, who has served in the position since December 30th 2025.
Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County
Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County (Chinese: 石柱土家族自治县; pinyin: Shízhù Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn), or Shizhu County for short, is located in southeastern Chongqing, China. It is south of the Yangtze River, and borders the Chongqing divisions of Pengshui County to the south, Fengdu County to the southwest, Zhong County to the northwest and Wanzhou District to the north; to the east, it borders the Hubei county-level city of Lichuan. It's in the center zone of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, and the only autonomous county which designated for only one of ethnic minorities in this region. (Chongqing Municipality has four counties that designated for ethnic minorities but because the other three counties are designated for more than one of ethnic minorities, this autonomous county is only one which is designated for only one of ethnic minotiry.)

Zhong County
Zhong County or Zhongxian (simplified Chinese: 忠县; traditional Chinese: 忠縣; pinyin: Zhōng Xiàn) is a county of Chongqing Municipality, China. The name "Zhong" (忠) means "loyalty." It is named after the historical story of General Ba Manzi, who chose to be killed to keep his Kingdom together. Emperor Li Shimin (李世民) of the Tang Dynasty named Zhong County "Loyalty County" to honor General Ba Manzi.

The Shibaozhai Temple, which was endangered by the rising waters caused by the Three Gorges Dam, is located there. Zhong County has two Yangtze River crossings: the Zhongxian Yangtze River Bridge and Zhongzhou Yangtze River Bridge.
Snow Petrel Peak
Snow Petrel Peak is a sharp rock peak marking the easternmost summit of Mason Spur at the northeast end of Hillary Coast, Ross Dependency in Antarctica. Snow Petrel Peak appears in a 1987 sketch map and report by geologist Anne Wright-Grassham, (earlier Anne C. Wright), who was a member of the 1983-1984 New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology field party to Mason Spur. The name Snow Petrel Peak may come from a story about a pair of nesting snow petrels seen flying around the peak over several days in November 1983.
Its elevation is 605 meters.

Mount Morning
Mount Morning is a shield volcano at the foot of the Transantarctic Mountains in Victoria Land, Antarctica. It lies 100 kilometres (62 mi) from Ross Island. Mount Morning rises to an elevation of 2,723 metres (8,934 ft) and is almost entirely mantled with snow and ice. A 4.1-by-4.9-kilometre-wide (2.5 by 3.0 mi) summit caldera lies at the top of the volcano, and several ice-free ridges such as Hurricane Ridge and Riviera Ridge emanate from the summit. A number of parasitic vents mainly in the form of cinder cones dot the mountain.

The volcano was initially active during the Miocene and erupted in two separate stages with a hiatus in between. The older stage has a different chemical composition than the recent one and is heavily eroded by glaciers. The most recent parasitic vents were active about 20,000 years ago, and the volcano could erupt again.
Thousand Island dressing
Thousand Island dressing is a creamy salad dressing and condiment made from a base of mayonnaise and usually ketchup or tomato purée and chopped pickles, and typically including a variety of other ingredients. It was initially popularized in the Thousand Islands region of the upper Saint Lawrence River spanning New York and Canada.  Historically a salad dressing, it has been widely adopted by fast food chains as a "special" or "secret" sauce of their own variation based on the Thousand Island recipe.

Mayonnaise
Mayonnaise (/ˌmeɪəˈneɪz/), colloquially referred to as "mayo" (/ˈmeɪoʊ/), is a thick, creamy sauce with a rich and tangy taste that is commonly used on sandwiches, hamburgers, bound salads, and French fries. It also forms the base for various other sauces, such as tartar sauce, fry sauce, remoulade, salsa golf, ranch dressing, and rouille.

Mayonnaise is an emulsion of oil, egg yolk, and an acid, either vinegar or lemon juice; there are many variants using additional flavorings. The color varies from near-white to pale yellow, and its texture from a light cream to a thick gel.

Commercial eggless versions are made for those who avoid chicken eggs because of egg allergies, to limit dietary cholesterol, or because they adhere to a vegetarian or vegan diet.
Buchloe
Buchloe (German pronunciation: [ˈbuːxloːə] ⓘ; Swabian: Buechla) is a community raised to town status in 1954, lying in Ostallgäu district in Bavaria. Together with the neighbouring communities of Jengen, Lamerdingen and Waal, Buchloe belongs to the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft ("administrative community") of Buchloe.

Ostallgäu
Ostallgäu (German pronunciation: [ˈɔstˌʔalɡɔʏ]) is a Landkreis (district) in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the districts of Oberallgäu, Unterallgäu, Augsburg, Landsberg, Weilheim-Schongau and Garmisch-Partenkirchen, and by the Austrian state of Tyrol. The town of Kaufbeuren is enclosed by but does not belong to the district.
Real Talk Entertainment
Real Talk Ent. is an American privately held record label that was started in 2003. It is led by CEO/President Derrick "Sac" Johnson and is focused primarily on acquiring and distributing unreleased music from high profiled artists.

Pastor Troy
Micah LeVar Troy (born November 18, 1977), known professionally as Pastor Troy, is an American rapper from Augusta, Georgia. He is best known for his 2002 single "Are We Cuttin'" (featuring Ms. Jade), which entered the Billboard Hot 100. The year prior, he signed with Universal Records to release his fourth album and major label debut, Face Off (2001), which entered the Billboard 200. "Are We Cuttin'" spawned from his sixth album, Universal Soldier (2002), which peaked at number 13 on the chart. His seventh, By Any Means Necessary (2004), served as his final release with the label.

Along with his solo career, he was the lead member of the Southern hip hop group D.S.G.B. (Down South Georgia Boyz).
Ashok Mahto gang
The criminal Ashok Mahto gang, which was active in the Indian state Bihar, was led by Ashok Mahto and included Pintu Mahto. Ashok Mahto and his gang were responsible for the 2005 killing of Rajo Singh, a sitting Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha). Ashok Mahto was imprisoned but escaped from Nawada jail in 2002. Pintu Mahto killed three police officers during the prison breakout. The gang's leaders are said to belong to either the Kurmi or Koeri caste, and were supported by the backward castes in the Nawada and Sheikhpura regions. The Mahto gang was waging a war of retribution against the exploitative upper-caste Bhumihars. Mahto and his  gang were responsible for the killings of a large number of Forward Caste people in the late 1990s.

Lalan Singh
Rajiv Ranjan Singh (born 24 January 1955), better known as Lalan Singh, is an Indian politician who is serving as the 11th Minister of Panchayati Raj and 3rd Minister of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying since 2024. He is also the Member of Parliament representing Munger in the 17th Lok Sabha from Janata Dal (United). He was the national party president of JDU (Janta Dal United) from 31 July 2021 to 29 December 2023. He was also the former JD(U) Bihar unit President.

He was nominated as a member of the Bihar Legislative Council in June 2014 after his defeat in the May 2014 Lok Sabha elections. He was a member of the 15th Lok Sabha of India and represented Munger Lok Sabha constituency of Bihar. He also represented Begusarai constituency in the 14th Lok Sabha of India.

Lalan Singh won 2024 Lok Sabha Election from Munger Lok Sabha constituency.
Kalanchoe pinnata
Kalanchoe pinnata, commonly known as cathedral bells, air plant, life plant, miracle leaf, and love bush, is a succulent plant native to Madagascar. It is a popular houseplant and has become naturalized in tropical and subtropical areas. The species is distinctive for the profusion of miniature plantlets that form on the margins of its leaves, a trait it has in common with some other members of Bryophyllum (now included in Kalanchoe).

Bufadienolide
Bufadienolide is a chemical compound with steroid structure. Its derivatives are collectively known as bufadienolides, including many in the form of bufadienolide glycosides (bufadienolides that contain structural groups derived from sugars). These are a type of cardiac glycoside, the other being the cardenolide glycosides. Both bufadienolides and their glycosides are toxic; specifically, they can cause an atrioventricular block, bradycardia (slow heartbeat), ventricular tachycardia (a type of rapid heartbeat), and possibly lethal cardiac arrest.
Fang Qiniang
Fang Qiniang (Chinese: 方七娘 Fāng Qīniáng) - alias Fong Chut-leung and Fong Wing-chun - was a Chinese martial artist and founder of the Fujian White Crane style of Chinese martial arts in the mid-17th century. She learned martial arts from her father, Fang Zhengdong, a lay Shaolin disciple.

Martial arts scholars and academics have noted a similarity between Fang Qiniang's story and that of Yim Wing-chun, the female figure credited as creator of Wing Chun, as espoused by the Ip Man lineage. It is agreed that Fang and Fujian White Crane Kung Fu came to existence before Wing Chun and its legend.

Yim Wing-chun
Yim Wing-chun (simplified Chinese: 严咏春; traditional Chinese: 嚴詠春; Cantonese Yale: Yim4 Wing6-cheun1; pinyin: Yán Yǒngchūn) is a Chinese legendary character, often cited in Wing Chun legends as the first master of the martial art bearing her name. Wing-chun, though a person's name in Chinese language, translates literally to "spring chant", or may be substituted with the character for "eternal spring".
Stanton, California
Stanton is a city in northern Orange County, California, United States, within the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The population was 37,962 at the 2020 United States census. The city was incorporated in 1956 and operates under the council–manager form of government, providing a full range of municipal services. Stanton is bounded by Cypress on the west, Anaheim on the north and east, and Garden Grove on the east and south.

Orange County Transportation Authority
The Orange County Transportation Authority (OCTA) is the transportation planning commission for Orange County, California, in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. OCTA is responsible for funding and implementing transit and capital projects for the transportation system in the county, including freeway expansions, express lane management, bus and rail transit operation, and commuter rail funding and oversight.

OCTA was founded in 1991 through the consolidation of seven separate transportation agencies by the California State Legislature and is governed by a 17-member Board of Directors with the Caltrans District Director serving in a non-voting capacity. The Transit Authority's administrative offices are located in Orange, California.
Joe Palooka in Winner Take All
Joe Palooka in Winner Take All is a 1948 American comedy film directed by Reginald Le Borg and starring Joe Kirkwood, Jr., Elyse Knox, William Frawley and Mary Beth Hughes. It was part of the Joe Palooka series produced by Monogram Pictures

Monogram Pictures
Monogram Pictures Corporation was an American film studio that produced mostly low-budget films between 1931 and 1953, when the firm completed a transition to the name Allied Artists Pictures Corporation. Monogram was among the minor studios in the golden age of Hollywood, generally referred to collectively as Poverty Row. Of the 11 permanent studios in Hollywood at the time, ranked in order of size, MGM was #1 -- and Monogram was #10 (the only one smaller was PRC).

The Monogram trademark is now owned by Allied Artists International. The original sprawling brick complex which functioned as home to both Monogram and Allied Artists remains at 4376 W Sunset Blvd, as part of the Church of Scientology Media Center (formerly KCET's television facilities).
Volt UK
Volt United Kingdom, commonly known as Volt UK, is a pro-European political party in the United Kingdom. It is the British branch of Volt Europa, a political movement that operates on a European level.

Renew Party
The Renew Party was a minor centrist political party in the United Kingdom. It was set up in 2017 to provide an alternative for moderate voters in the wake of the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum. The party described itself as wanting to reform existing political structures and did not identify with either left-wing or right-wing ideologies. It welcomed candidates and members from non-political backgrounds.

One of the party's main positions was to advocate that the UK should be part of the European Union, although it also emphasised investment in education, sustainable development and environmental protection as key values. James Clarke had led the party since July 2020, with Carla Burns as deputy leader.

The party merged into the newly formed True and Fair Party on 1 February 2022.
Plymouth, Florida
Plymouth is an unincorporated area in Orange County, Florida, United States, northwest of downtown Apopka along US 441 (SR 500, Orange Blossom Trail), at the intersection with Plymouth-Sorrento Road. It features the Pinsly Railroad Company's Florida headquarters and part of the Florida Central Railroad. It is statistically part of the greater Orlando area.

Sorrento, Florida
Sorrento is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Lake County, Florida, United States. The population was 861 at the 2010 census, up from 765 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Orlando–Kissimmee Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Pair by association
In relation to psychology, pair by association is the action of associating a stimulus with an arbitrary idea or object, eliciting a response, usually emotional. This is done by repeatedly pairing the stimulus with the arbitrary object.

For example, repeatedly pairing images of beautiful women in bathing suits elicits a sexual response in most men. Advertising agencies repeatedly pair products with attractive women in television commercials with the intention of eliciting an emotional or sexually aroused response in the consumer. This causes the consumer to be more likely to buy the product than when presented with a similar product without such an association.

Verbal Behavior
Verbal Behavior is a 1957 book by psychologist B. F. Skinner, in which he describes what he calls verbal behavior, or what was traditionally called linguistics. Skinner's work describes the controlling elements of verbal behavior with terminology invented for the analysis - echoics, mands, tacts, autoclitics and others - as well as carefully defined uses of ordinary terms such as audience.
Transalpina (DN67C)
The Transalpina or DN67C is a 148 km national road located in the Parâng Mountains group, Southern Carpathians of Romania, one of the highest roads of the Carpathian Mountains. It connects Novaci, south of Parâng Mountains, to Sebeș in the north. It is the highest road in Romania, having the highest point in Urdele Pass (at 2,145 m). Transalpina traverses four counties – Gorj, Vâlcea, Sibiu, Alba – crossing the Parâng Mountains from south to north. The highest altitude is reached on a segment of about 20 km (12 mi), in Vâlcea County, passing a short distance from the peaks of Dengheru (2,084 m), Păpușa (2,136 m), Urdele (2,228 m), Iezer (2,157 m), and Muntinu (2,062 m).

Transalpina is a Latin name, used in old Latin texts of Țara Românească, meaning "the country beyond the mountains".

Being a high altitude mountain road it is closed during the winter, it stays open from mid May to mid October (depending on the weather) and only during daytime (08:00–20:00).

Vâlcea County
Vâlcea County (also spelt Vîlcea; Romanian pronunciation: [ˈvɨlt͡ʃe̯a]) is a county (județ) that lies in south-central Romania. Located in the historical regions of Oltenia and Muntenia (which are separated by the Olt River), it is also part of the wider Wallachia region. Its capital city is Râmnicu Vâlcea.
Peter Stein (legal scholar)
Peter Gonville Stein, QC, FBA (29 May 1926 – 7 August 2016) was a British legal scholar.

He was Professor of Jurisprudence at the University of Aberdeen from 1956 to 1968 and Regius Professor of Civil Law at the University of Cambridge from 1968 until his retirement in 1993.

Regius Professor of Civil Law (Cambridge)
The Regius Professorship of Civil Law is one of the oldest and most prestigious of the professorships at the University of Cambridge.

The chair was founded by Henry VIII in 1540 with a stipend of £40 per year, and the holder is still chosen by the Crown.