hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rufous-shafted woodstar
The rufous-shafted woodstar (Chaetocercus jourdanii) is a species of hummingbird in tribe Mellisugini of subfamily Trochilinae, the "bee hummingbirds". It is found in Colombia, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.

Jules Bourcier
Claude Marie Jules Bourcier (French pronunciation: [klod maʁi ʒyl buʁsje]; 19 February 1797 – 9 March 1873) was a French naturalist and expert on hummingbirds.

Bourcier was born in Cuisery, Saône-et-Loire. He was the mayor of Millery, Rhône from 1832 to 1837, and he was the French consul to Ecuador from 1849 to 1850. In 1857, he became a corresponding member of the Société linnéenne de Lyon.

Bourcier named a number of new hummingbird species, either alone or with other ornithologists, such as Adolphe Delattre and Martial Etienne Mulsant.

The following hummingbird species bear his name:

Colibri de Bourcier (Polyonymus caroli), described by Bourcier in 1847;

Phaethornis bourcieri, described by René Primevère Lesson in 1832.

A species of South American snake, Saphenophis boursieri, was named in his honor by Giorgio Jan in 1867. The terrestrial mollusk genus Bourciera was named after him, based on specimens he collected for Louis Pfeiffer.

He died in Batignolles, Paris, in 1873.
Nitze criteria
The Nitze criteria are three basic requirements that encompass the Reagan administration's definition of a successful Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) deployment. They are named for Paul Nitze, Reagan's chief arms control negotiator, who proposed them in a 1985 speech.

Arms control
Arms control is a term for international restrictions upon the development, production, stockpiling, proliferation and usage of small arms, conventional weapons, and weapons of mass destruction. Arms control is typically exercised through the use of diplomacy which seeks to impose such limitations upon consenting participants through international treaties and agreements, although it may also comprise efforts by a nation or group of nations to enforce limitations upon a non-consenting country.
HackerEarth
HackerEarth is a software company headquartered in San Francisco that provides enterprise software that assists organizations with technical hiring. HackerEarth is used by organizations for technical skill assessments and remote video interviewing. In addition, HackerEarth also has built a community of over 4 million developers. HackerEarth has raised $11.5 million in funding over three rounds. Currently, more than 750 customers worldwide use its technical coding assessments platform, including Amazon, Paypal, Walmart Labs, Thoughtworks, Societe Generale, HP, VMware, DBS, HCL, GE, Wipro, Barclays, Pitney Bowes, Intel, Hitachi, and L&T Infotech. HackerEarth is backed by GSF Global and Angelprime.

Thoughtworks
Thoughtworks Holding, Inc. is a privately held, global technology company with 49 offices in 18 countries. It provides software design and delivery, and tools and consulting services. The company's Chief Scientist co-authored the Agile Manifesto and is closely associated with the movement for Agile software development, and has contributed to open source products. Thoughtworks' business includes enterprise platforms modernization and AI first software delivery.
Bucket-wheel excavator
A bucket-wheel excavator (BWE) is a large heavy equipment machine used in surface mining.

Their primary function is that of a continuous digging machine in large-scale open-pit mining operations, removing thousands of tons of overburden a day. What sets them apart from other large-scale mining equipment, such as bucket chain excavators, is their use of a large wheel consisting of a continuous pattern of buckets which scoop material as the wheel turns. They are among the largest land or sea vehicles ever produced. The 14,200-ton Bagger 293 holds the Guinness World Record for the heaviest land-based vehicle ever built.

Open-pit mining
Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or open-cut mining and in larger contexts mega-mining, is a surface mining technique that extracts rock or minerals from the earth.

Open-pit mines are used when deposits of commercially useful ore or rocks are found near the surface where the overburden is relatively thin. In contrast, deeper mineral deposits can be reached using underground mining.

This form of mining carries several risks to the health and safety of miners, and can have a significant negative impact on the environment.
Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa
The Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa is one of three federally recognized Native American tribes of Sac and Meskwaki (Fox) peoples in the United States. The Fox call themselves Meskwaki and because they are the dominant people in this tribe, it is also simply called the Meskwaki Nation (Meskwaki: Meshkwahkîhaki, meaning: "People of the red earth"). The Sauk people call themselves Êshkwîha (literally: "Fox people") or Yochikwîka, both with the meaning "Northern Sauk". They are Algonquian peoples, historically developed in the Eastern Woodland culture. The settlement, called Meskwakiinaki, is located in Tama County, Iowa.

Fox language
Fox (known by a variety of different names, including Mesquakie (Meskwaki), Mesquakie-Sauk, Mesquakie-Sauk-Kickapoo, Sauk-Fox, and Sac and Fox) is an Algonquian language, spoken by a thousand Meskwaki, Sauk, and Kickapoo in various locations in the Midwestern United States and in northern Mexico.
Palaemon antrorum
Palaemon antrorum, also known as the Balcones cave shrimp and the Texas cave shrimp, is a species of palaemonid shrimp endemic to Texas. It is listed as an endangered species on the IUCN Red List, and as a Species of Concern by the United States Endangered Species Act.

The species' type locality is an artesian well on what is now the campus of Texas State University–San Marcos in San Marcos, Texas. It has also been reported from Edwards Aquifer west to Uvalde County.

Palaemonidae
Palaemonidae is a family of shrimp in the order Decapoda. Many species are carnivores that eat small invertebrates, and can be found in any aquatic habitat except the deep sea. One significant genus is Macrobrachium, which contains commercially fished species. Others inhabit coral reefs, where they associate with certain invertebrates, such as sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, and echinoderms, as cleaner shrimps, parasites, or commensals. They generally feed on detritus, though some are carnivores and hunt tiny animals.

The family contains more than 1200 species in  160 genera. The genera were formerly split into two subfamilies, but in 2015, molecular and morphological research determined that the subfamily groupings were invalid. At the same time, the members of the families Gnathophyllidae and Hymenoceridae were incorporated into the Palaemonidae.
Emiliano Yacobitti
Emiliano Benjamín Yacobitti (born 15 December 1975) is an Argentine politician. He is a member of the Radical Civic Union (UCR), and served as the Buenos Aires City UCR Committee from 2013 to 2017. From 2019 to 2023, he was a National Deputy elected in the City of Buenos Aires.

A public accountant, Yacobitti has an extensive career in academic politics in the University of Buenos Aires, and formerly served as Vice-Dean of the University of Buenos Aires Faculty of Economic Sciences. Since 2022, he has been Vice Rector of the University of Buenos Aires.

Juntos por el Cambio
Juntos por el Cambio (JxC, English: Together for Change) was a political coalition in Argentina. A liberal coalition, it was created in 2015 as Cambiemos (English: Let's Change), and renamed in 2019. It was composed of Republican Proposal, Radical Civic Union, Civic Coalition ARI and United Republicans.

These three parties respectively nominated Mauricio Macri, Ernesto Sanz, and Elisa Carrió as their representatives in the August 2015 primary elections, which were held to choose which candidate would run in the 2015 presidential election on 25 October. On 9 August, Macri was elected as the candidate who would represent Cambiemos in the presidential election; on 22 November, where he won in second round by 51%.
Explorer 18
Explorer 18, also called IMP-A, IMP-1, Interplanetary Monitoring Platform-1 and S-74, was a NASA satellite launched as part of the Explorer program. Explorer 18 was launched on 27 November 1963 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), Florida, with a Thor-Delta C launch vehicle. Explorer 18 was the first satellite of the Interplanetary Monitoring Platform (IMP). Explorer 21 (IMP-B) launched in October 1964 and Explorer 28 (IMP-C) launched in May 1965 also used the same general spacecraft design.

Electronvolt
In physics, an electronvolt (symbol eV), also written as electron-volt and electron volt, is a unit of measurement equivalent to the amount of kinetic energy gained by a single electron accelerating through an electric potential difference of one volt in a vacuum. When used as a unit of energy, the numerical value of 1 eV expressed in unit of joules (symbol J) is equal to the numerical value of the charge of an electron in coulombs (symbol C). Under the 2019 revision of the SI, this sets 1 eV equal to the exact value 1.602176634×10−19 J.
Historically, the electronvolt was devised as a standard unit of measure through its usefulness in electrostatic particle accelerator sciences, because a particle with electric charge q gains an energy E = qV after passing through a voltage of V.
History of Richmond Hill, Ontario
The history of Richmond Hill began when the First Nations came and settled in the area. With the Toronto Purchase, the city gradually expanded with new greenhouse industries and improved transportation infrastructure.

Vaughan
Vaughan (/vɑːn/ vawn) (2021 population 323,103) is a city in Ontario, Canada. It is located in the Regional Municipality of York, just north of Toronto. Vaughan was the fastest-growing municipality in Canada between 1996 and 2006 with its population increasing by 80.2% during this time period and having nearly doubled in population since 1991. In 2021, the population of Vaughan was 323,103. It is the fifth-largest city in the Greater Toronto Area, and the 17th-largest city in Canada.
Former state routes in Pennsylvania
The following is a list of former state routes in Pennsylvania.  These roads are now either parts of other routes or no longer carry a traffic route number.  This list also includes original routes of numbers that were decommissioned and later reactivated in other locations in which most of these are still active today.

U.S. Route 11 in Pennsylvania
U.S. Route 11 (US 11) roughly parallels Interstate 81 (I-81) in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The route runs from the Maryland state line in Antrim Township, Franklin County, northeast to the New York state line in Great Bend Township, Susquehanna County. US 11 serves Harrisburg, Wilkes-Barre, and Scranton. Between Harrisburg and Scranton, US 11 follows the Susquehanna River, while I-81 follows a shorter route over the mountains further to the east.
Asiolasma angka
Asiolasma angka is a species of harvestmen belonging to the family Nemastomatidae. It is found in Chiang Mai, Thailand. It was initially described in the genus Dendrolasma before being transferred in genus Cladolasma, then later redefined within Asiolasma when that genus was newly described.

Cladolasma
Cladolasma, is a genus of harvestmen belonging to the family Nemastomatidae. The genus is monotypic containing a single species Cladolasma parvulum. They are endemic to Japan, with records in Ehime and Tokushima Prefectures. The genus was described by Seisho Suzuki, with the type species Cladolasma parvulum Suzuki, 1963, subsequently revised to Dendrolasma parvulum (Suzuki, 1963) in Suzuki (1974), but later restored as a valid genus.

Other species that have been described from China, and Thailand have since been moved into other genera, notably Asiolasma Martens (2019).
Anil Kumar Chawla
Vice Admiral Anil Kumar Chawla, PVSM, AVSM, NM, VSM, ADC is a retired Indian Navy officer, who served as Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Naval Command. He assumed charge on 30 July 2018 succeeding Vice Admiral Abhay Raghunath Karve. He superannuated on 30 November 2021 and was succeeded by Vice Admiral M.A. Hampiholi

Vishisht Seva Medal
The Vishisht Seva Medal (VSM, lit. 'Distinguished Service Medal') is a decoration of the Indian Armed Forces. It is awarded to recognize "distinguished service of a high order" to all ranks of the Indian Armed Forces.

From 1980, the Yudh Seva Medal was introduced to recognize exceptional services in an operational environment. Since then the VSM has been restricted to non-operational service.
Voice of the Heart
Voice of the Heart is the eleventh studio album by American music duo the Carpenters, released on October 18, 1983. Assembled from various studio outtakes, it was the duo's first album of new material following Karen's death on February 4 of that year.

Richard Carpenter (musician)
Richard Lynn Carpenter (born October 15, 1946) is an American musician, singer, songwriter and record producer, who formed half of the sibling duo the Carpenters alongside his younger sister Karen. He had numerous roles in the Carpenters, including record producer, arranger, pianist, keyboardist and songwriter as well as joining with Karen on harmony vocals.
Murder of Delwoar Hossain
Delwoar Hossain was a 50-year-old Bangladeshi engineer who was murdered on May 11, 2020. His family members, coworkers, and various sources alleged Delwoar's stance against corruption was the motive behind the murder. Protesters demonstrated across the country demanding justice for Delwoar. Authorities claimed the murder happened because of a feud between coworkers which is refuted by the family of the victim. Various national organizations such as  Institution of Engineers, Bangladesh (IEB)  and Transparency International Bangladesh (TIB) demanded further investigation into the matter to ensure justice for the victim and his family.

Delwoar Hossain is survived by his wife and three sons.

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology
The Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ প্রকৌশল বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়), commonly known by its acronym BUET, was formerly called the East Pakistan University of Engineering and Technology (EPUET). It is a public research university located in Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. Founded in 1876 as the Dacca Survey School and gaining university status in 1962, it is the oldest institution for the study of engineering, architecture, and urban planning in the country. BUET is one of the top Engineering PhD granting research universities of Bangladesh along with RUET, CUET, KUET, DUET.
A large number of BUET alumni are active in notable engineering and non-engineering roles in Bangladesh and abroad.
Soccus
A soccus (pl. socci) or sýkkhos (Ancient Greek: σύκχος, pl. sýkkhoi), sometimes given in translation as a slipper, was a loosely fitting slip-on shoe in Ancient Greece and Rome with a leather sole and separate leather, bound without the use of hobnails. The word appears to originate from the languages of ancient Anatolia. They were worn by Ancient Greek comedic actors, contrasted with the cothurni worn by tragedians, and were borrowed into Latin and worn by the ancient Romans. The soccus was considered effeminate, and the emperor Caligula is described as having worn them, possibly as a form of insult. Later socci became popular with the general public, and several types were listed in the Edict of Diocletian. The word was adopted into West Germanic languages for similarly light footwear, eventually becoming English socks.

Slipper
Slippers are a type of shoes falling under the broader category of light footwear, that are easy to put on and off and are intended to be worn indoors, particularly at home. They provide comfort and protection for the feet when walking indoors.
Suliszew
Suliszew [suˈliʂɛf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowy Kawęczyn, within Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) north-east of Nowy Kawęczyn, 10 km (6 mi) east of Skierniewice, and 59 km (37 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

The village has an approximate population of 150.

Nowy Kawęczyn
Nowy Kawęczyn [ˈnɔvɨ kaˈvɛnt͡ʂɨn] is a village in Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Nowy Kawęczyn. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Skierniewice and 55 km (34 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

In 2004 the village had a population of 110.
Massachusetts House of Representatives' 13th Bristol district
Massachusetts House of Representatives' 13th Bristol district in the United States is one of 160 legislative districts included in the lower house of the Massachusetts General Court. It covers part of the city of New Bedford in Bristol County. Since 1991, Antonio Cabral of the Democratic Party has represented the district.

The current district geographic boundary overlaps with that of the Massachusetts Senate's 2nd Bristol and Plymouth district.

Antone S. Aguiar Jr.
Antone S. Aguiar Jr. (January 2, 1930 – February 1, 2014) was an American judge and politician. He spent 18 years as a judge in the Attleboro District Court and two in the Fall River District Court before retiring in late 1999. He previously served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1965 until 1982, when he was appointed to the bench by Governor Edward King. He was a Democrat who spent much of his life in Swansea, Massachusetts, where he graduated from Joseph Case High School in 1948.
World Blitz Chess Championship 2025
The 2025 World Blitz Chess Championship was the 27th World Blitz Chess Championship held by FIDE to determine the world champion in chess played under blitz time controls. Since 2012, FIDE has held the World Rapid and Blitz Championships at a joint tournament. The tournament was held in Doha, Qatar, from 29 to 30 December 2025.

The open section of the tournament was won by Magnus Carlsen in his ninth victory in the competition. The women's section was won by the Kazakh grandmaster Bibisara Assaubayeva for the third time.

World Blitz Chess Championship
The World Blitz Chess Championship is a chess tournament held to determine the world champion in chess played under blitz time controls. Since 2012, FIDE has held an annual joint rapid and blitz chess tournament and billed it as the World Rapid & Blitz Chess Championships. The current world blitz champion is the Norwegian Grandmaster Magnus Carlsen. Grandmaster Bibisara Assaubayeva from Kazakhstan is the current women's blitz world champion. Magnus Carlsen has held the title a record nine times.
Plaça de Jean Genet, Barcelona
Plaça de Jean Genet is a small, triangle-shaped square in Barcelona (the capital of Catalonia in Spain). It's located in the southern side of El Raval, by the port and Avinguda de les Drassanes and the Catalan Gothic buildings of the Royal Shipyard, in the district of Ciutat Vella. Its main feature is the functionalist high-rise which hosts the local Official School of Languages. It is named after French author Jean Genet who resided in the city for a time and whose novel The Thief's Journal takes place in the poverty-stricken alleys of Raval. Essayist Lluís Permanyer proposed the name in 1997.

Jean Genet
Jean Genet (/ʒəˈneɪ/; French: [ʒɑ̃ ʒənɛ]; (1910-12-19)19 December 1910 – (1986-04-15)15 April 1986) was a French novelist, playwright, poet, essayist, and political activist. In his early life he was a vagabond and petty criminal, but he later became a writer and playwright. His major works include the novels The Thief's Journal and Our Lady of the Flowers and the plays The Balcony, The Maids and The Screens.
8th Army Group Royal Artillery
8th Army Group Royal Artillery (8 AGRA) was a brigade-sized formation organised by Britain's Royal Artillery (RA) during World War II to command medium and heavy guns. It served in the campaign in North West Europe, participating in the battles in the Orne valley and the bocage south of Caumont before the breakout from the Normandy beachhead, operations to close up to the Maas, and the assault crossing of the Rhine (Operation Plunder).

No. 652 Squadron AAC
No. 652 Squadron AAC is a squadron of the British Army's Army Air Corps (AAC). It was previously No. 652 Squadron RAF, a unit of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War and afterwards in Germany.

Numbers 651 to 663 Squadrons of the RAF were air observation post units working closely with British Army units in artillery spotting and liaison. A further three of these squadrons, 664, 665 and 666, were AOP units of the Royal Canadian Air Force manned by Canadian and British personnel. Their duties and squadron numbers were transferred to the Army with the formation of the Army Air Corps on 1 September 1957.
2023 Bratislava Open
The 2023 Bratislava Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 4th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Bratislava, Slovakia between 12 and 18 June 2023.

Bratislava Open
The Bratislava Open is a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts.
The tournament is part of the ATP Challenger Tour. It is held in Bratislava, Slovakia, since 2019. The tournament replaced the Poprad-Tatry ATP Challenger Tour.
Emily Akuffo
Emily Akuffo (1933/1934 – 8 April 2022) was the wife of Lt. General Fred Akuffo, who was once Head of state of Ghana and Chairman of the Supreme Military Council military government. She was the First Lady of Ghana from 1 July 1978 to 4 June 1979. She was a teacher by profession. After the death of her husband, she spent the ensuing years in her hometown Akropong away from the public eye. Akuffo died on 8 April 2022, at the age of 88.

First Lady of Ghana
First Lady of Ghana is the title of the wife of a sitting president of Ghana. The current first lady is Lordina Mahama, who has held the position since 2025. They are not officially given salaries but the Ghanaian first and second lady are both given clothing allowances to serve as initiatives to be comfortable enough to advocate the country through material forms of culture.
Urums
Urums (/ʊəˈruːm/, /ʊˈruːm/; Greek: Ουρούμ, Urúm; Turkish and Crimean Tatar: Urum, IPA: [uˈɾum]) are several groups of Turkic-speaking Greek Orthodox people native to Crimea, northeastern Turkey and Transcaucasia. The emergence and development of the Urum identity took place from 13th to the 17th centuries. Bringing together the Crimean Greeks along with Greek-speaking Crimean Alans and Crimean Goths, with other indigenous groups that had long inhabited the region, resulting in a gradual transformation of their collective identity.

Oghuz languages
The Oghuz languages are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family, spoken by approximately 108 million people. The three languages with the largest number of speakers are Turkish, Azerbaijani, Turkmen which, combined, account for more than 95% of speakers of this sub-branch.

Kara-Khanid scholar Mahmud al-Kashgari, who lived in the 11th century, stated that the Oghuz language was the simplest among all Turkic languages.

Swedish turcologist and linguist Lars Johanson notes that Oghuz languages form a clearly discernible and closely related bloc within the Turkic language family as the cultural and political history of the speakers of Oghuz languages has linked them more closely up to the modern age. Western Oghuz languages are highly mutually intelligible with each other and the Crimean Tatar language, which, though Kipchak Turkic rather than Oghuz, has been heavily influenced by Turkish over several centuries.