hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Curling at the 2023 Canada Winter Games
Curling at the 2023 Canada Winter Games took place at The Silver Fox Entertainment Complex and the Montague Curling Club in Summerside and Montague, Prince Edward Island. The women's event ran from Sunday, February 19, 2023, to Friday, February 24, 2023. The men's and mixed doubles events ran from Tuesday, February 28, 2023, to Sunday, March 5, 2023.

Montague, Prince Edward Island
Montague is a community within the Town of Three Rivers in Kings County, Prince Edward Island, Canada. Previously incorporated as a town, it amalgamated with the Town of Georgetown, the rural municipalities of Brudenell, Cardigan, Lorne Valley, Lower Montague, and Valleyfield, and portions of three adjacent unincorporated areas in September 2018 to form the Town of Three Rivers.

Montague is the largest population centre in the county and straddles the Montague River which is the dividing line between the townships of Lot 52 and Lot 59. The community functions as a regional service centre for the eastern end of the province, supporting two supermarkets, three hardware stores, a number of independent businesses, and several fast food restaurants, banks, and car dealerships.
Greg Meyer (American football official)
Greg Meyer is an American football official in the National Football League (NFL) since the 2002 NFL season. He wears uniform number 78. A graduate of Texas Christian University, he began his football officiating career in 1995 at the collegiate level, including at least three different bowl games. Seven years later, he joined the NFL officiating staff as a field judge, and the following year, he became a side judge, and has been at that position until 2016, when he became a back judge. He officiated a few NFL postseason games, including Super Bowl XLIV in Miami and the Minneapolis Miracle.

Meyer, who lives in Fort Worth, Texas, has a wife, Debby, a daughter, Morgan, and a son, Reid. Outside of the NFL, Meyer is a banker.

For the 2017 NFL season, Meyer will serve on the officiating crew headed by Bill Vinovich.

Bill Vinovich
Bill Vinovich III (born December 1, 1960) is an American professional football official in the National Football League (NFL) who has worked as an NFL referee from 2001 to 2006 and since 2012; he is also a college basketball official.
Bisha'a
Bisha'a or Bisha (Arabic: بِشْعَة; ordeal by fire, trial by fire or fire test) is a ritual practiced by some Muslim Bedouin tribes of the Judean, Negev and Sinai deserts for the purpose of lie detection. It is also practiced, and is said to have originated among, some Bedouin tribes of Saudi Arabia. It is the best-known of various forms of trial by ordeal which are practiced by the Bedouin. It is one of the rituals in the Bedouin justice dispensary system for maintaining Sharaf - the Bedouin honor code.

Honor codes of the Bedouin
Sharaf and ird are Bedouin honor codes. Along with hospitality and courage/bravery, it is one of the Bedouin aspects of ethics. Bedouin systems of justice are based on these honor codes, although the codes are falling into disuse as more Bedouins accept sharia or national penal codes as the means for dispensing justice.
WISE J0254+0223
WISEPA J025409.45+022359.1 (designation is abbreviated to WISE 0254+0223) is a brown dwarf of spectral class T8, located in constellation Cetus at approximately 22.3 light-years from Earth. It was discovered by astronomers from the Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam.

Cetus (constellation)
Cetus (/ˈsiːtəs/ SEE-təss) is a constellation, sometimes called 'the whale' in English. The Cetus was a sea monster in Greek mythology which both Perseus and Heracles needed to slay. Cetus is in the region of the sky that contains other water-related constellations: Aquarius, Pisces and Eridanus.
Ohr Somayach, Monsey
Ohr Somayach, Monsey (officially titled the Ohr Somayach Tanenbaum Educational Center) was an accredited men's college of Judaic studies offering both full and part-time programs.

Its curriculum was designed to provide students with an appreciation for and understanding of classical Jewish texts and Jewish philosophy and from an Orthodox Jewish perspective.

In addition, the yeshiva ran an outreach program called Legacy Retreats and hosted family getaways and retreats in its Beit Shvidler Conference center.

Baal teshuva
In Judaism, a ba'al teshuvah (Hebrew: בעל תשובה; for a woman, בעלת תשובה, ba'alat teshuva or ba'alas teshuva; plural, בעלי תשובה, ba'alei teshuva, 'owner of return [to God or his way]') is a Jew who adopts some form of traditional religious observance after having previously followed a secular lifestyle or a less  frum form of Judaism.

The baal teshuva movement is a description of the return of secular Jews to religious Judaism. The term is used to refer to a worldwide phenomenon among the Jewish people.
DeWitt Wallace Institute of Psychiatry: History, Policy, and the Arts
The DeWitt Wallace Institute of Psychiatry: History, Policy, and the Arts at Weill Cornell Medical College in New York, was formerly known as The History of Psychiatry Section.  Founded in 1958 by Dr. Eric T. Carlson, the institute is devoted to the study of the history of the mind-sciences and the preservation of resources on the history of psychology, psychiatry, psychoanalysis, neuroscience and other related disciplines.  Its companion library, the Oskar Diethelm Library, houses over 50,000 titles on these subjects, with the earliest dating to the 14th century. The present Director is George Makari.

Weill Cornell Medicine
Weill Cornell Medicine (/waɪl/; officially Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University), originally Cornell University Medical College, is the medical school of Cornell University, located on the Upper East Side neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City, New York, United States.

The school and its associated research organization is affiliated with several hospitals and medical centers, including NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Rockefeller University, all of which are located on or near York Avenue and Sutton Place. Since 2004, Weill Cornell has also been affiliated with Houston Methodist Hospital.

In 1991, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Rockefeller University joined Weill Cornell to establish the Tri-Institutional MD–PhD Program. In 2001, the school opened the Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, a medical school in Qatar.
Lina Magull
Lina Marie Magull (born 15 August 1994) is a German professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Serie A club Inter Milan. She represented the Germany national team until 2024, scoring 22 goals in 77 caps.

2012–13 Frauen-Bundesliga
The 2012–13 season of the Frauen-Bundesliga was the 23rd season of Germany's premier women's football league. The season began on 1 September 2012 and ended on 12 May 2013. Turbine Potsdam were the defending champions.

The title was won by VfL Wolfsburg for the first time. Turbine Potsdam finished in second place and qualified for the UEFA Women's Champions League.

Duisburg and Bad Neuenahr went into administration during the season. As a result, Bad Neuenahr decided to withdraw from the league, sparing Sindelfingen from relegation.
2013 Speedway Grand Prix of Latvia
The 2013 Speedway Grand Prix of Latvia was the ninth round of the 2013 Speedway Grand Prix season (the world championship). It took place on 17 August at the Stadium Lokomotīve in Daugavpils, Latvia.

It was the fifth time that the Speedway Grand Prix of Latvia had been held and the first since 2009.

The Grand Prix was by the American rider Greg Hancock (his 17th career Grand Prix win).

2013 Speedway Grand Prix
The 2013 Speedway Grand Prix season was the 68th edition of the official World Championship and the 19th season of the Speedway Grand Prix era, deciding the FIM Speedway World Championship. It was the thirteenth series under the promotion of Benfield Sports International, an IMG company.

The British rider Tai Woffinden became world champion, making him the first British rider to win the gold medal since Mark Loram in the 2000 Speedway Grand Prix. Jarosław Hampel won his third world championship medal, while Danish rider Niels Kristian Iversen won his first medal finishing third in the series.
The Inventions, Researches, and Writings of Nikola Tesla
The Inventions, Researches and Writings of Nikola Tesla is a book compiled and edited by Thomas Commerford Martin detailing the work of Nikola Tesla through 1893. The book is a comprehensive compilation of Tesla's early work with many illustrations.

Margaret Cheney (author)
Margaret Cheney (1921–2010) was an American nonfiction author and biographer.

Cheney was originally from Eugene, Oregon, where she was born in 1921. She was a student at the Cornish College of the Arts in Seattle, and worked as an editor for the Associated Press. She died in 2010.
Battle of Jodoigne
The Battle of Jodoigne, also called Battle of the River Guete, was fought on 20 October 1568 between the royal Habsburg army led by the Duke of Alba and a Protestant rebel army led by William of Orange. It resulted in a defeat for William of Orange, who had to abandon his plans of invading the Habsburg Netherlands.

Francois de Hangest, Seigneur de Genlis
François II de Hangest, Seigneur de Genlis, bailli & capitaine d'Évreux. (born unknown, died 1569) was a French military commander, notable for his roles during the French Wars of Religion. 
In historic texts, he is often named simply Genlis or Jenlis. Such texts often do not mention his death, in 1569, and continue to use the same name to mean his younger brother Jean de Hangest, seigneur d'Yvoy.
Steve Maclin
Stephen Kupryk (born May 26, 1987) is an American professional wrestler. He is signed to Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), where he performs under the ring name Steve Maclin. In TNA, he is the inaugural and record-setting former two-time TNA International Champion, and is a former one-time Impact World Champion. He is also known for his time in WWE, where he performed under the ring name Steve Cutler.

Feast or Fired
Feast or Fired is a professional wrestling match concept featured in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). The idea is based on the object on a pole match, which sees wrestlers trying to gain possession of items hanging from poles attached to the ring posts. In this case, the participants in the match try to grab one of four briefcases from the poles. In the match itself, a wrestler can only claim a briefcase if he/she leaves the ring with it and both feet touch the floor.
Bertrand–Edgeworth model
In microeconomics, the Bertrand–Edgeworth model of price-setting oligopoly explores what happens when firms compete to sell a homogeneous product (a good for which consumers buy only from the cheapest available seller) but face limits on how much they can supply. Unlike in the standard Bertrand competition model, where firms are assumed to meet all demand at their chosen price, the Bertrand–Edgeworth model assumes each firm has a capacity constraint: a fixed maximum output it can sell, regardless of price. This constraint may be physical (as in Edgeworth’s formulation) or may depend on price or other conditions.

A key result of the model is that pure-strategy price equilibria may fail to exist, even with just two firms, because firms have an incentive to undercut competitors' prices until they hit their capacity constraints. As a result, the model can lead to price cycles or the emergence of mixed-strategy equilibria, where firms randomize over prices.

Martin Shubik
Martin Shubik (1926–2018) was an American mathematical economist who specialized in game theory, defense analysis, and the theory of money. The latter was his main research interest and he referred to it as his "white whale". He also coined the term "mathematical institutional economics" in 1959 to describe his scholarly approach to studying the economy. He spent the majority of his career at Yale University, where he was heavily involved with the Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, and launched the virtual Museum of Money and Financial Institutions.

Outside of economics, he began studying inclusion body myositis (IBM) after a 2003 diagnosis. He provided seed money to the Yale School of Public Health for the IBM Disease Registry in 2011, a survey was conducted in 2012–2013, and he is a co-author on a 2015 paper about the initial results (along with his son-in-law Seth Richards-Shubik).
Gorget
A gorget (/ˈɡɔːrdʒɪt/ GOR-jit; from Old French  gorge 'throat') is a band of linen that was wrapped around a woman's neck and head in the medieval period or the lower part of a simple chaperon hood. The term later described a steel or leather collar to protect the throat, a set of pieces of plate armour, or a single piece of plate armour hanging from the neck and covering the throat and chest. Later, particularly from the 18th century, the gorget became primarily ornamental, serving as a symbolic accessory on military uniforms, a use which has survived in some armies (see below).

The term may also be used for other things such as items of jewellery worn around the throat region in several societies, for example wide thin gold collars found in prehistoric Ireland dating to the Bronze Age.

Shell gorget
Shell gorgets are a Native American art form of polished, carved shell pendants worn around the neck. The gorgets are frequently engraved, and are sometimes highlighted with pigments, or fenestrated (pierced with openings).

Shell gorgets were most common in Eastern Woodlands of the United States, during the Hopewell tradition (200 BCE – 500 CE) and Mississippian cultural period (c. 800–1500 CE); however, tribes from other regions and time periods also carved shell gorgets. The earliest shell gorgets date back to 3000 years BP. They are believed to have been insignia of status or rank, either civic, military, or religious, or amulets of protective medicine. Due to the placement of the holes in the gorgets, they are also thought to be spinners that could produce whistling sounds.
Malibu Mar Vista, California
Malibu Mar Vista is a former settlement in the Malibu area of western Los Angeles County, California.

It lay at an elevation of 1831 feet (558 m) in the Santa Monica Mountains.

Malibu Mar Vista still appeared on USGS maps as of 1932.

Santa Monica Mountains
The Santa Monica Mountains are a coastal mountain range in Southern California, next to the Pacific Ocean. It is part of the Transverse Ranges. The Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area protects nearly all of this mountain range, and extends beyond it in places. Because of its proximity to densely populated regions, it is one of the most visited natural areas in California.
Goodman relation
Within the branch of materials science known as material failure theory, the Goodman relation (also called a Goodman diagram, a Goodman-Haigh diagram, a Haigh diagram or a Haigh-Soderberg diagram) is an equation used to quantify the interaction of mean and alternating stresses on the fatigue life of a material. The equation is typically presented as a linear curve of mean stress vs. alternating stress that provides the maximum number of alternating stress cycles a material will withstand before failing from fatigue.

A scatterplot of experimental data shown on an amplitude versus mean stress plot can often be approximated by a parabola known as the Gerber line, which can in turn be (conservatively) approximated by a straight line called the Goodman line.

Material
A material is a substance or mixture of substances that constitutes an object. Materials can be pure or impure, living or non-living matter. Materials can be classified on the basis of their physical and chemical properties, or on their geological origin or biological function. Materials science is the study of materials, their properties, and their applications.

Raw materials can be processed in different ways to influence their properties, by purification, shaping or the introduction of other materials. New materials can be produced from raw materials by synthesis.

In industry, materials are inputs to manufacturing processes to produce products or more complex materials, and the nature and quantity of materials used may form part of the calculation for the cost of a product or delivery under contract, such as where contract costs are calculated on a "time and materials" basis.
Triple M Southwest
Triple M Southwest is an adult contemporary-formatted commercial radio station, owned and operated by Southern Cross Austereo. Based in Bunbury, Western Australia, it covers the south west of the state via a number of high-powered AM stations. Previously part of the RadioWest network it was rebranded as Triple M in 2016.

South West (Western Australia)
The South West region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia. It has an area of 23,970 square kilometres (9,250 sq mi), and a population of about 170,000 people. Bunbury is the main city in the region.
International Judge of Sailing
Judges are a type of race official used during the running of sailing races run under the Racing Rules of Sailing. Their role is primarily linked to being on a protest committee which is a panel of judges. In sailing, unlike many sports, due to the practical considerations involved (being on the water), umpiring (refereeing) is not very common. In the event of competitors not being able to resolve issues afloat, then a competitor or race committee may bring an issue in front of a protest committee for their consideration. The International Sailing Federation helps train its member national authorities many of whom have a national judges program. The most experienced become International Judges recognised by the International Sailing Federation.

Racing Rules of Sailing
The Racing Rules of Sailing (often abbreviated to RRS) govern the conduct of yacht racing, windsurfing, kitesurfing, model boat racing, dinghy racing and virtually any other form of racing around a course with more than one vessel while powered by the wind. A new revision is published every four years (after the Olympic Games) by World Sailing, the sport's world governing body.  Full information on the rules can be viewed at World Sailing.
2014 Men's EuroHockey Junior Championship
The 2014 Men's EuroHockey Junior Championship was the 17th edition of the men's EuroHockey Junior Championship, the biennial international men's under-21 field hockey championship of Europe organized by the European Hockey Federation. It was held alongside the women's tournament in Waterloo, Belgium between 20 and 26 July 2014.

The tournament served as a qualifier for the 2016 Men's Hockey Junior World Cup, held in Lucknow, India in December 2016.

Netherlands won the tournament for the eighth time by defeating Germany 5–2 in the final. England won the bronze medal by defeating the defending champions Belgium 4–3 in a shoot-out following a 1–1 draw.

Men's EuroHockey U21 Championship
The Men's EuroHockey U21 Championship is a men's international under-21 field hockey tournament organized by the European Hockey Federation. The tournament has been held since 1977 and serves as a qualification tournament for the Men's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup.

In June 2023, the tournament was renamed from the Men's EuroHockey Junior Championship to the Men's EuroHockey U21 Championship.
Cerro Gordo Mines
The Cerro Gordo Mines are a collection of abandoned mines located in Cerro Gordo in the Inyo Mountains, Inyo County, near Lone Pine, California. Mining operations were conducted from 1866 to 1957, producing high grade silver, lead, and zinc ore; and, more rarely, gold and copper.

Some ore was smelted on site, but larger capacity smelters were eventually constructed along the shore of nearby Owens Lake. These smelting operations were the beginnings of the towns of Swansea and Keeler. Most of the metal ingots produced here were transported to Los Angeles. Mining of silver and lead peaked in the early 1880s, with a second mining boom producing zinc in the 1910s.

Home to some 4,700 people during its peak, the site is now a California ghost town.

Inyo County, California
Inyo County (/ˈɪnjoʊ/ ⓘ) is a county in the eastern central part of the U.S. state of California, located between the Sierra Nevada and the state of Nevada. In the 2020 census, the population was 19,016. The county seat is Independence. Inyo County is on the east side of the Sierra Nevada and southeast of Yosemite National Park in Central California. It contains the Owens River Valley; it is flanked to the west by the Sierra Nevada and to the east by the White Mountains and the Inyo Mountains. Mono County is to the north. With an area of 10,192 square miles (26,400 km2), Inyo is the second-largest county by area in California, after San Bernardino County which is directly south of Inyo County. Almost half of Inyo County's area is within Death Valley National Park. However, with a population density of 1.8 people per square mile, it also has the second-lowest population density in California, after Alpine County.
Paranormal Parentage
"Paranormal Parentage" is the 2nd episode of the fourth season and 73rd overall episode of Community. The episode was written by Megan Ganz and directed by Tristram Shapeero. Though a Halloween-themed episode—the fourth for the series—it premiered on February 14, 2013 on NBC. It shows the group searching Pierce's mansion for the code to his panic room, after he locks himself in there. It makes homage to Scooby-Doo. The episode was watched by 2.76 million viewers on its premiere and met with mixed critical reception.

Community season 4
The fourth season of the television comedy series Community premiered on February 7, 2013, and concluded on May 9, 2013. The season consists of 13 episodes and aired on NBC on Thursdays at 8:00 pm ET as part of the network's "Comedy Night Done Right" programming block.

The season marked the departure of showrunner Dan Harmon, replaced by Moses Port and David Guarascio, and overall received mixed reviews from critics. In the series's fifth season, Harmon returned as showrunner, and the fourth season was referred to retroactively in the series' continuity as "the gas-leak year."
Compound Poisson distribution
In probability theory, a compound Poisson distribution is the probability distribution of the sum of a number of independent identically-distributed random variables, where the number of terms to be added is itself a Poisson-distributed variable. The result can be either a continuous or a discrete distribution.

Probability-generating function
In probability theory, the probability generating function of a discrete random variable is a power series representation (the generating function) of the probability mass function of the random variable.  Probability generating functions are often employed for their succinct description of the sequence of probabilities Pr(X = i) in the probability mass function for a random variable X, and to make available the well-developed theory of power series with non-negative coefficients.
1934–35 Aston Villa F.C. season
The 1934–35 English football season was Aston Villa's 43rd season in The Football League, Villa playing in the First Division. This was manager Jimmy McMullan's first season having been appointed as manager when Billy Smith retired at the end of the previous season.

The new year saw Aston Villa draw 1–1 away to Derby County, Eric Houghton scoring Villa's goal, leaving the club in 12th position.

In the Second City derby Villa lost away and could only manage a draw at home.

There were debuts for George Beeson, Jimmy Allen, Fred Butcher, Jimmy McLuckie and Frank Broome.

Eric Houghton
William Eric Houghton (29 June 1910 – 1 May 1996) was an English footballer and manager and first-class cricketer.

Eric Houghton was born in Billingborough, Lincolnshire, and educated at Donington Grammar School.