hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Iran and the World Trade Organization
Iran officially submitted an application to join the World Trade Organization (WTO) on 19 July 1996. From July 1996 to May 2001, Iran’s application had not been considered, mainly as a result of US objections and the US veto power in the WTO Council. From May 2001 Iran’s application for WTO membership has been brought up 22 times. At the 22nd time, on 26 May 2005, Iran’s application for WTO membership was approved unanimously by the organization’s members (and thus by the United States and Israel as a goodwill gesture so as to ease the nuclear negotiations between Iran and the international community). Thus the process of Iran’s membership in the WTO started. Once Iran’s application was accepted and examined by WTO General Council, Iran became WTO observer member and started the process of full membership in the organization. In November 2009 Iran submitted the Foreign Trade Regime Memorandum as the process of accession entered a new phase.

Foreign direct investment in Iran
Foreign direct investment in Iran (FDI) has been hindered by unfavorable or complex operating requirements and by international sanctions, although in the early 2000s the Iranian government liberalized investment regulations. Iran ranks 62nd in the World Economic Forum's 2011 analysis of the global competitiveness of 142 countries. In 2010, Iran ranked sixth globally in attracting foreign investments.

Foreign investors have concentrated their activity in a few sectors of the economy: the oil and gas industries, vehicle manufacture, copper mining, petrochemicals, foods, and pharmaceuticals. Iran absorbed US$24.3 billion of foreign investment from 1993 to 2007 and US$34.6 billion for 485 projects from 1992 to 2009.

Opening Iran's market place to foreign investment could also be a boon to competitive multinational firms operating in a variety of manufacturing and service sectors, worth $600 billion to $800 billion in new investment opportunities over the next decade.
Riđani
The Riđani (Serbian Cyrillic: Риђани) was a historical tribe and region in Old Herzegovina, modern Montenegro, that existed from the late medieval period until its annexion by the Principality of Montenegro in the mid-18th century.

Nikšić
Nikšić (Cyrillic: Никшић, pronounced [nîkʃit͡ɕ]), is Montenegro's second-largest city, with an urban population of 66,700 as of the 2023 census. It lies in the western region of the country, at the heart of the expansive Nikšić field, nestled at the base of Trebjesa Hill.

Nikšić serves as the administrative center of the Nikšić Municipality, which encompasses a population of 65,705 and spans the largest area among all Montenegrin municipalities. By territory, it was also the largest municipality in the former Yugoslavia. The city plays a key role as a hub for industry, education, and culture in the country.
Star (rocket stage)
The Star is a family of US solid-propellant rocket motors originally developed by Thiokol and used by many space propulsion and launch vehicle stages.  They are used almost exclusively as upper stages, often as apogee kick motors. The number designations refer to the approximate diameter of the fuel casing in inches.

Three Star 37 stages, and one Star 48 stage, were launched on solar escape trajectories; fast enough to leave the Sun's orbit and out into interstellar space, where barring the low chance of colliding with debris, they will travel past other stars in the Milky Way galaxy and survive potentially intact for millions of years.

SOLRAD
SOLRAD (short for "solar radiation") was an American series of satellites sponsored by the US Navy in a program to continuously monitor the Sun. SOLRAD was the Naval Research Laboratory's first post-Vanguard satellite.
1,4-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid
1,4-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid describes a pair of organic compounds with the formula C6H10(CO2H)2.  The CO2H groups are attached to the opposite carbon centers of the cyclohexane ring.  These groups can be cis or trans. Other isomers of cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid are known, but the 1,4- isomers are of greatest interest, perhaps because they are obtainable from a commodity chemical.  Specifically, hydrogenation of terephthalic acid affords the title compound:

C6H4(CO2H)2  +  3 H2   →   C6H10(CO2H)2.

The trans isomer has been more heavily studied.  It has been examined as a precursor to polycarbonates and as a building block for metal-organic frameworks.

Cyclohexane
Cyclohexane is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula C6H12. Cyclohexane is non-polar. Cyclohexane is a colourless, flammable liquid with a distinctive detergent-like odor, reminiscent of cleaning products (in which it is sometimes used). Cyclohexane is mainly used for the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, which are precursors to nylon.

Cyclohexyl (C6H11) is the alkyl substituent of cyclohexane and is abbreviated Cy.
Zillierbach
The Zillierbach (until 1558 called the Zilgerbach) is a stream in the Harz mountains of central Germany (Harz district) in the state of Saxony-Anhalt. It is about 13 kilometres (8 mi) long. The stream rises on the western side of the Hohneklippen crags and runs initially southwards, then swings northeast at Drei Annen Hohne. South of  Drei Annen Hohne it picks up the waters of the Wormsgraben, its main tributary. The Zillierbach supplies the Zillierbach Dam near Elbingerode. In front of the settlement of Voigtstieg it is joined by another two smaller brooks. In the Middle Ages the Zillierbach powered the mills between Voigtstieg and Wernigerode. This section of the valley is still called Mühlental (Mill Valley) today. In its lower reaches before its mouth the stream is known as the Flutrenne. The stream discharges into the Holtemme at Wernigerode northwest of the West Gate (Westerntor). It descends almost 400 metres (1,300 ft) from source to mouth during its 13 km journey.

Drei Annen Hohne
Drei Annen Hohne is the name of a small settlement within the municipal area of Wernigerode in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

The place is located about 9 km (5.6 mi) southwest of the town within the Harz mountains, on the northeastern edge of the Harz National Park. It is accessible from the road from Wernigerode to Schierke, an eastern branch–off leads to Elbingerode. Drei Annen Hohne is also a stop on the narrow gauge Harz Railway line from Wernigerode to Nordhausen, as well as of the Brocken Railway, which branches off south of the station.
2024 Tiburon Challenger
The 2024 Tiburon Challenger presented by Raymond James was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It was the 16th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Tiburon, United States between September 30 and October 6, 2024.

2024 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2024 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2024 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 207 tournaments with prize money ranging from $41,000 up to $225,500. It was the 47th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 16th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2021)
The following is a timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland during 2021. There are significant differences in the legislation and the reporting between the countries of the UK: England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales.

Jason Leitch
Jason Andrew Leitch CBE FRCS (born 25 October 1968) is the National Clinical Director of Healthcare Quality and Strategy for the Scottish Government. He is a Senior Clinical Advisor to the Scottish Government and a member of the Health and Social Care Management Board. Leitch was involved in the COVID-19 pandemic response, where his duties included communicating complex scientific information to the public.
Bijnor district
Bijnor district (Hindi pronunciation: [bɪd͡ʒ.n̪ɔːɾ]) is one of the 75 districts in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. Bijnor city is the district headquarters. The government of Nagar Palika Parishad Bijnor Uttar Pradesh seeks its inclusion in National Capital Region (NCR) due to its close proximity to NCT of Delhi.

Bijnor is notable for its sugarcane production and sugar mills, with two of the top five sugar mills of India situated in the district.

Rohilla
Rohillas are a community of Pashtun heritage, historically found in Rohilkhand, a region in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It forms the largest Pashtun diaspora community in India, and has given its name to the Rohilkhand region. The Rohilla military chiefs settled in this region of northern India in the 1720s, the first of whom was Ali Mohammed Khan.

The Rohillas are found all over Uttar Pradesh, but are more concentrated in the Rohilkhand regions of Bareilly and Moradabad divisions. After the 1947 Partition of India, many of the Rohillas migrated to Karachi, Pakistan as a part of the Muhajir community.
Honiley
Honiley is a small village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Beausale, Haseley, Honiley and Wroxall, in the Warwick district, in the county of Warwickshire, England. It is 3 miles (5 km) from Kenilworth, and 6.5 miles (10 km) from Coventry on the A4177 road. The 2001 Census recorded a parish population of 62. Honiley was merged with adjoining parishes on 1 April 2007 and can now be found under Beausale, Haseley, Honiley and Wroxall.

Warwick District
Warwick is a local government district in Warwickshire, England. It is named after the historic county town of Warwick, which is the district's second largest town; the largest town is Royal Leamington Spa, where the council is based. The district also includes the towns of Kenilworth and Whitnash and surrounding villages and rural areas. Leamington Spa, Warwick and Whitnash form a conurbation which has about two thirds of the district's population.

The neighbouring districts are Rugby, Stratford-on-Avon, Solihull and Coventry.
Borno North Senatorial District
Borno North Senatorial DistrictListenⓘ is one of the three senatorial zones in Borno State, located in Nigeria’s North-East geopolitical region. It is made up of nine local government areas: Abadam, Gubio, Guzamala, Kukawa, Magumeri, Marte, Mobbar, Monguno, and Nganzai. Mohammed Tahir Monguno is the senator representing borno north senatorial district since after Nigerian 2023 senate election and the Chief Whip of the 10th Assembly, having replaced Mohammed Ali Ndume after Ndume criticized president Bola Ahmed Tinubu.

Gubio
GubioListenⓘ, also Gobiyo, is a Local Government Area of Borno State, in northeastern Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Gubio.

It has an area of 2,464 km2 and a population of 152,778 at the 2006 census.

The postal code of the area is 602.

The primary road through Gubio runs north towards Damasak and south towards Maiduguri. Gubio is about 60 miles from each of those two settlements.

It is one of the sixteen LGAs that constitute the Borno Emirate, a traditional state located in Borno State, Nigeria.
Deh Shahi
Deh Shahi (Persian: ده شاهي, also Romanized as Deh Shāhī) is a village in Zalaqi-ye Sharqi Rural District, Besharat District, Aligudarz County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 115, in 23 families.

Zalaqi-ye Sharqi Rural District
Zalaqi-ye Sharqi Rural District (Persian: دهستان ذلقي شرقي) is in Zalaqi District of Aligudarz County, Lorestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Chaleh Pareh. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Kish Olya.
David Berlinski
David Berlinski (born 1942) is an American mathematician and philosopher. He has written books about mathematics and the history of science as well as fiction. An opponent of evolution, he is a senior fellow of the Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture, an organization that promotes the pseudoscientific idea of intelligent design.

InterVarsity Press
Founded in 1947, InterVarsity Press (IVP) is a Christian publisher located in Lisle, Illinois. IVP focuses on publishing Christian books and digital resources that discuss influential cultural moments, provide tools for mental growth through a Christian framework, and equip pastors, professors, and ministry leaders in their work. It is a subsidiary of InterVarsity Christian Fellowship.
Marmaronisi
Marmaronisi (Greek: Μαρμαρονήσι) is a small uninhabited rock island on the northern side of Mykonos in the Cyclades. It is located at the entrance of the bay of Panormos and opposite the settlement of Agios Sostis.

Marmaronisi is named for its composition of the rocks of the island, which is also suitable for manufacturing lime.

Cyclades
The Cyclades (/ˈsɪklədiːz/; Greek: Κυκλάδες, romanized: Kykládes, IPA: [ciˈkla.ðes]) are an island group in the Aegean Sea, southeast of mainland Greece and a former administrative prefecture of Greece. They are one of the island groups which constitute the Aegean archipelago. The name (Κυκλάδες νήσοι, Kykládes nísoi, 'encircling islands') refers to the archipelago forming a circle around the sacred island of Delos. The largest island of the Cyclades is Naxos; the most populated, however, is Syros.
Glyphodes bitriangulalis
Glyphodes bitriangulalis is a moth of the family Crambidae described by Max Gaede in 1917. It is found in South Africa (Gauteng), Zimbabwe, and Mali.

This species has a wingspan of 26 mm and looks close to Glyphodes boseae Saalmüller, 1880 and Glyphodes mascarenalis de Joannis, 1906.

Glyphodes boseae
Glyphodes boseae is a moth of the family Crambidae. It was described by Max Saalmüller in 1880 and it is found in Madagascar.

This species has ochreous-yellow forewings, dusted with brown-and-black scales at the edges and in the middle. It has four pearl coloured cellspots. The hindwings are translucent pearlish yellowish with a dark brown shine in the middle. The body is ochreous brown. The wingspan of this species is about 14 mm.
Jennifer Jo Cobb Racing
Jennifer Jo Cobb Racing (also known as JJC Racing) is an American professional stock car racing team that currently competes part-time in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series. The team is based in Mooresville, North Carolina and is owned by Jennifer Jo Cobb, who also serves as the team's primary driver.

The team runs on one of the smaller budgets in the Truck Series, one that Cobb estimated in 2018 at between $750,000 and $1 million USD.

Beaver Motorsports
Beaver Motorsports (formerly MAKE Motorsports) is an American drag racing team. The team currently fields a Chevrolet Pro Stock entry in the NHRA. Beaver Motorsports formerly competed in the NASCAR Xfinity Series and NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series.
Heterocrossa philpotti
Heterocrossa philpotti is a species of moth of the family Carposinidae. It is endemic to New Zealand. It currently has two subspecies, although it has been hypothesised that Hetercrossa philpotti hudsoni may have two different species confused within this subspecies name.

Carposinidae
Carposinidae, the "fruitworm moths", is a family of insects in the order Lepidoptera. These moths are narrower winged than Copromorphidae, with less rounded forewing tips. Males often have conspicuous patches of scales on either surface (Dugdale et al., 1999). The mouthparts are quite diagnostic, usually with prominent, upcurved "labial palps", the third segment long (especially in females), and the second segment covered in large scales. Unlike Copromorphidae, the "M2" and sometimes "M1" vein on the hindwings is absent. The relationship of Carposinidae relative to Copromorphidae needs further investigation. It is considered possible that the family is artificial, being nested within Copromorphidae (Dugdale et al., 1999). The Palearctic species have been revised by Alexey Diakonoff (1989).
Bolombo River
The Bolombo River is a river in Équateur province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Bolombo is a tributary of the Lopori River. The Lopori River joins with the Maringa River to the south, to form the Lulonga River, a tributary of the Congo River. The Bolombo flows through the Lopori / Maringa basin, also known as the Maringa-Lopori-Wamba forest Landscape, an area of great ecological importance.

The major tributaries of the Bolombo include the Bloia River, the Loniuka and the Lololu.

Maringa River
The Maringa river is a river in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Maringa, and the Lopori River to the north, join  tBasankusu to form the Lulonga River, a tributary of the Congo River.
he Maringa / Lopori basin contains the Maringa-Lopori-Wamba Landscape, an area of great ecological importance.
The Ngando people live in the Maringa River area north of Ikela.
38th Arkansas Infantry Regiment
The 38th Arkansas Infantry (1862–1865) was a Confederate Army infantry regiment during the American Civil War. The unit was often referred to as Shaver's Arkansas Infantry. The unit served in the Department of the Trans-Mississippi from its formation in the summer of 1862 until its surrender in May 1865.

Battle of Pleasant Hill
The Battle of Pleasant Hill on April 9, 1864, in Louisiana formed part of the Red River Campaign during the American Civil War, when Union forces were attempting to occupy the Louisiana state capital, Shreveport.

The battle was essentially a continuation of the Battle of Mansfield, a Confederate victory, which had caused the Union commander, Major General Nathaniel P. Banks, to send his wagons, with most of his artillery, downriver in retreat. However, both sides had been reinforced through the night, and when the Confederate commander, Major General Richard Taylor launched an assault against the Union line, it was repulsed though at a high cost in casualties; the Union army retreated the next day.  The majority of historians consider the battle to be a Union tactical victory, although some consider it to be a draw.
Der Nister
Der Nister (Yiddish: דער נסתּר ֹor דער ניסטער, "the Hidden One"; 1 November 1884 – 4 June 1950 in the Abez camp of Gulag) was the pseudonym of Pinchus Kahanovich (Yiddish: פּנחס קאַהאַנאָוויטש), a Yiddish author, philosopher, translator, and critic.

Hans Christian Andersen
Hans Christian Andersen (/ˈændərsən/ AN-dər-sən; Danish: [ˈhænˀs ˈkʰʁestjæn ˈɑnɐsn̩, - ˈkʰʁæs-] ⓘ; 2 April 1805 – 4 August 1875) was a Danish author. Although a prolific writer of plays, travelogues, novels, and poems, he is best remembered for his literary fairy tales.

Andersen's fairy tales, consisting of 156 stories across nine volumes, have been translated into more than 125 languages. They have become embedded in Western collective consciousness, accessible to children as well as presenting lessons of virtue and resilience in the face of adversity for mature readers. His most famous fairy tales include "The Emperor's New Clothes", "The Little Mermaid", "The Nightingale", "The Steadfast Tin Soldier", "The Red Shoes", "The Princess and the Pea", "The Snow Queen", "The Ugly Duckling", "The Little Match Girl", and "Thumbelina." Andersen's stories have inspired ballets, plays, and animated and live-action films.
Casalbeltrame
Casalbeltrame (Casabaltram in Piedmontese and Lombard) is an Italian town of 962 inhabitants in the province of Novara in Piedmont.

A part of the municipal territory is included in the Natural Park of the Lame del Sesia.

The rice paddies of Casalbeltrame are known for the production of riso venere, an unusual black rice of Chinese origins. Venere refers to Venus, the goddess of love, and to the aphrodisiac properties claimed for the rice. The variety is included in the Slow Food Atlas.

Casalbeltrame borders the following municipalities: Biandrate, Casalino, Casalvolone, and San Nazzaro Sesia.

Casalbeltrame is a member of Cittaslow.

Cittaslow
Cittaslow is an organisation founded in Italy and inspired by the slow food movement. Cittaslow's goals include improving the quality of life in towns by slowing down its overall pace, especially in a city's use of spaces and the flow of life and traffic through them.

As of November 2025, Cittaslow has 308 members, 221 in Europe, 71 in Asia, 6 in North America, 4 in South America, 4 in Oceania, and 2 in Africa. Countries with most members are Italy (90), Poland (37), Turkey (28), Germany (24), China (18), South Korea (15), France (13) and Spain (11).
Isa Halim
Mohammad Isa bin Abdul Halim (born 15 May 1986) is a Singaporean former footballer who last played as a defensive-midfielder for Singapore Premier League club Geylang International and the Singapore national team. He started out playing football as a centre-forward in his youth.

Isa holds a AFC ‘A’ Diploma Coaching license.

2012 AFF Championship
The 2012 AFF Championship, sponsored by Suzuki and officially known as the 2012 AFF Suzuki Cup, was the 9th edition of the AFF Championship, the football championship of Southeast Asia. It was co-hosted for group stage by Malaysia and Thailand and took place from 24 November to 22 December 2012.

Malaysia were the defending champions but were eliminated by Thailand in the semi-finals. Singapore became the first side to win the AFF Championship four times, beating Thailand 3–2 on aggregate in the finals. Singapore coach Radojko Avramović also became the most successful coach in tournament history, adding to his wins in 2004 and 2007.
Helisson
Helisson (Ancient Greek: Ἑλισσών) was a town in ancient Arcadia, Greece. It was situated in the district Maenalia, situated on Mount Maenalus near the territory of Mantineia, near the source of the river Helisson (present Elissonas), a tributary of the Alpheius. According to Greek mythology, the town was founded by Helisson, a son of Lycaon.

The town was taken by the Lacedaemonians in one of their wars with the Arcadians, 352 BCE; but most of its inhabitants had been previously removed to Megalopolis upon the foundation of the latter city in 371 BCE. There was a temple of Poseidon with a statue of the god. Pausanias (who visited in the 2nd century CE) found the head of the statue still remaining. The Elisphasii mentioned by Polybius are conjectured by some writers to be a corrupt form of Helissontii.

Its site is tentatively located south the modern Piana.

Mantinea
Mantinea (/ˌmæntəˈniːə/; Greek: Μαντίνεια Mantineia; also Koine Greek Ἀντιγόνεια Antigoneia) was a city in ancient Arcadia, Greece, which was the site of two significant battles in Classical Greek history.

In modern times it is a former municipality in Arcadia, Peloponnese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Tripoli, of which it is a municipal unit. Its seat was the village of Nestani (pop. 486 in 2011). It is located in the northeastern part of Arcadia. The municipal unit has a land area of 205.393 km2 and a population of 1,693 inhabitants (2021). Its largest other towns are Artemisio, Loukas, and Kapsas.
Mojo HD
Mojo HD was an American VOD television channel, owned by In Demand LLC. As a linear television channel, it replaced INHD on May 1, 2007. In Demand, the owner of Mojo HD, canceled its Mojo HD regularly scheduled programming on December 1, 2008, but continued to provide video on demand programming and sales of their programs on optical media.

In Demand
In Demand (stylized as iN DEMAND) was an American cable television service which provided video on demand services, including pay-per-view. Comcast, Cox Communications, and Charter Communications (with former independent companies Time Warner Cable and Bright House Networks) jointly operated the service.
Gabbiella balovalensis
Gabbiella balovalensis is a species of small freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic prosobranch gastropod mollusks in the family Bithyniidae.

This species is found in Malawi and Zambia. Its natural habitat is freshwater lakes.

Bithyniidae
Bithyniidae is a family of small freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs in the [[[Order (biology)|order]] Littorinimorpha.

Their shells are very small and often colored. They are characterized by a calcareous operculum, a lobe on the upper surface of the neck. The ctenidium, the respiratory gill-comb, is very broad. They have a ciliary feeding habit. The kidney has a large extension towards the mantle.