hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kaala-Gomen
Kaala-Gomen (French: [kala ɡɔmɛn]) is a commune in the North Province of New Caledonia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. It is situated on RT1 and is approximately 18 km south of Koumac, 50 km north of Voh, and 365 km from Nouméa.

The name of the city comes from that of a mountain and from the Gomen tribe. The city was founded on its present site in 1899, with a committee appointed by the municipal government, which became an elected municipal council in 1961 and a fully-fledged commune in 1969.

Kaala-Gomen is also home to the village of Ouaco, known for its beef cannery of the same name and the nickel mines operated by the Mining Society of the South Pacific. The village can be visited on annual heritage days.

The commune is part of the customary area of Hoot ma Waap.

Voh
Voh (French: [vo], Pwapwâ: Vook) is a commune in the North Province of New Caledonia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean.

It has become famous for the aerial photography of what is known as The Heart of Voh, a large formation of vegetation that resembles a heart seen from above. Photographer Yann Arthus-Bertrand contributed to its popularity by using a photograph of the 'heart' as the dust jacket art to his books The Earth from the Air and Earth from Above.

Voh is also the closest large settlement to the enormous Koniambo mine, and it hosted indentured Vietnamese mineworkers from the late 1800s until the 1940s, termed the Chân Dăng.
2010 California State Board of Equalization elections
The 2010 California State Board of Equalization elections took place on November 2, 2010, to elect all four seats of the State Board of Equalization, with the primary election taking place on June 8, 2010.

2006 California State Board of Equalization elections
The 2006 California State Board of Equalization elections took place on November 7, 2006, to elect all four seats of the State Board of Equalization, with the primary election taking place on June 6, 2006.
Frode Berg
Frode Berg (born 24 October 1971) is a Norwegian bassist known for his works in classical and contemporary music, jazz, pop, and rock. As a jazz musician, he is known primarily for his performances with Helge Lien Trio In classical and contemporary music, he is primarily known as an orchestral bassist in the Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra (from 2010) and the Tampere Philharmonic Orchestra (2011). In addition, he has been known to play with John Parricelli, Peter Erskine, and Martin Robertson.

Erik Smith
Erik George Sebastian Smith (25 March 1931 – 4 May 2004) was a German-born British record producer, pianist and harpsichordist.  He produced over 90 opera recordings.  His greatest legacy is the 1991 complete recording of the entirety of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's compositions, which included many previously unheard fragments and was released for the bicentennial of Mozart's death.
L-Line (Norfolk Southern)
The L-Line is a rail line that runs from Winston-Salem, North Carolina to Mooresville, North Carolina and it is owned and operated by the Norfolk Southern Railway; the line is part of the Coastal Division. The line crosses the S-Line at Barber, North Carolina, where most trains are based out of. The line's end point at Mooresville is joined with the O-Line which runs from Mooresville to Charlotte, North Carolina.

The majority of the trains on the L-Line are locals, running trains as far north as Clemmons, but other trains can use this line if needed.
The line was very rarely used between Clemmons and Winston-Salem and was still listed  as fully operational on its website until recently. However it is disconnected from the K-Line at milepost zero. The Peters Creek Trestle in Winston-Salem was the catalyst for shuddering this section. As of 2020 it has not been repaired and there are no current plans to do so, but the track is still in place.

Norfolk Southern O-Line
Norfolk Southern O-Line is a seldom used freight line on the Norfolk Southern Railway in the Piedmont region of North Carolina, running from Winston-Salem, NC to Charlotte, NC. Several sections are no longer in use, such as the Barium Springs to Mooresville section.  While the O-Line saw much greater traffic during its heyday, the importance of the rail line to the Lake Norman region and the greater Charlotte metropolitan area have increased. In September 2024, the line was purchased by the city of Charlotte for the Lynx Red Line.
Biryulyovo Vostochnoye District
Biryulyovo Vostochnoye District  (Russian: район Бирюлёво Восточное) is a territorial division (a district, or raion) in Southern Administrative Okrug, one of the 125 in the federal city of Moscow, Russia. It is located in the south of the city and borders with Biryulyovo Zapadnoye in the west, Tsaritsyno in the north, Orekhovo-Borisovo (Severnoye and Yuzhnoye) in the east, and Moscow Ring Road (MKAD) in the south. The area of the district is 14.772 square kilometers (5.704 sq mi). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 145,100.

Orekhovo-Borisovo Severnoye District
Orekhovo-Borisovo Severnoye District (Russian: райо́н Оре́хово-Бори́сово Се́верное), commonly known as Orekhovo-Borisovo, is a district in Southern Administrative Okrug of Moscow, Russia, located on the spot of former villages of Orekhovo, Borisovo, Shipilovo, Zyablikovo, and Brateyevo. In the early 1970s, mass housing construction was started in the area, and a microdistrict was built. Its main landmark is the Orekhovo-Borisovo Cathedral.  The area of the district is 7.540 square kilometres (2.911 sq mi).
HD 300933
HD 300933 (CPD-56°3586) is a red supergiant of spectral type M2 Iab/Ib in the southern constellation of Vela, close to the border with Carina. With an apparent magnitude of 8.29, it is too faint to be observed by the naked eye, but can be seen through binoculars. It is part of a binary system with a massive B-type main-sequence star (spectral type B2V) designated HD 300934. It is located roughly 3,100 parsecs (10,000 light-years) away from the Solar System, but is approaching at a heliocentric radial velocity of −11.05±0.42 km/s.

Vela (constellation)
Vela is a constellation in the southern sky, which contains the Vela Supercluster. Its name is Latin for the sails of a ship, and it was originally part of a larger constellation, the ship Argo Navis, which was later divided into three parts, the others being Carina and Puppis. With an apparent magnitude of 1.8, its brightest star is the hot blue multiple star Gamma Velorum, one component of which is the closest and brightest Wolf-Rayet star in the sky. Delta and Kappa Velorum, together with Epsilon and Iota Carinae, form the asterism known as the False Cross. 1.95-magnitude Delta is actually a triple or quintuple star system.
APRA Music Awards of 2001
The APRA Music Awards of 2001 were a group of awards given on 28 May 2001, as one in the series of APRA Awards. These are presented annually by Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) and the Australasian Mechanical Copyright Owners Society (AMCOS).

Only one classical music award was available in 2001: Most Performed Contemporary Classical Composition. APRA and Australian Music Centre (AMC) established the Classical Music Awards in July of the following year. APRA provided awards for "Best Television Theme", and "Best Film Score" in 2001. These were expanded to The Screen Music Awards presented by APRA and Australian Guild of Screen Composers (AGSC) in November 2002.

Also at the 2001 awards ceremony, APRA celebrated its 75th anniversary by presenting the "ten best and most significant Australian songs of the past 75 years", which together with 20 previously announced songs comprise APRA's Top 30 Australian songs of all time.

APRA Awards (Australia)
The APRA Music Awards in Australia celebrate excellence in contemporary music, honoring songwriters and publishers who have achieved artistic excellence and outstanding success in their fields.

Several award ceremonies are run in Australia by the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) and Australasian Mechanical Copyright Owners Society (AMCOS). In addition to the APRA Music Awards, APRA AMCOS, in association with the Australian Music Centre, presents awards for classical music, jazz and improvised music, experimental music and sound art, known as the Art Music Awards. It also runs, in association with the Australian Guild of Screen Composers (AGSC), the Screen Music Awards, to acknowledge excellence in the field of screen composition.
Kalte Birke
The Kalte Birke is a cross tracks in the Harz Mountains of Germany where there is a refuge hut and former settlement. It is located west of the Innerste Reservoir at about 540 metres above sea level. It lies in the unincorporated area of Harz in the county of Goslar. Historically it is closely linked to the municipality of Hahausen and village of Neuekrug, four kilometres northwest.

Hahausen
Hahausen is a village and a former municipality in the district of Goslar in Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1 November 2021, it is part of the town Langelsheim, of which it is an Ortschaft.

It is situated northwest of the Harz mountains, between Seesen and Lutter am Barenberge. It was part of the former Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") Lutter am Barenberge.
Timeline of the 2008 United States presidential election
The following is a timeline of major events leading up to and immediately following the United States presidential election of 2008. The election was the 56th quadrennial United States presidential election. It was held on November 4, 2008, but its significant events and background date back to about 2002. The Democratic Party nominee, Senator Barack Obama of Illinois, defeated the Republican Party's nominee, Senator John McCain of Arizona.

2008 Washington Democratic presidential caucuses
The 2008 Washington Democratic presidential caucuses were a series of events held by the Washington State Democratic Party to determine the delegates that the Party sent to the 2008 Democratic National Convention. Delegates were selected in a four-tier process that began with precinct caucuses, was further refined in legislative district caucuses and/or county conventions, concluded for some delegates in the congressional district caucuses, and finally concluded for the remaining delegates at the state convention.

Washington also held a Democratic primary on February 19, 2008, but the Washington State Democratic Party did not use the results of the primary to determine its delegates.
1902 Stanford football team
The 1902 Stanford football team represented Stanford University in the 1902 college football season and was coached by Carl L. "Clem" Clemans in his only season coaching the team. Clemans played for Stanford's first football teams and was the team's first captain. He scored the first two touchdowns in the first Big Game against California.

California Golden Bears football
The California Golden Bears football program represents the University of California, Berkeley, in college football as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference at the NCAA Division I FBS level. They were previously a member of the Pac-12 Conference. The team plays its home games at California Memorial Stadium and was most recently coached by Justin Wilcox before his firing following the 2025 Big Game. Since beginning of play in 1886, the team has won five NCAA recognized national titles — 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1937 — and 14 conference championships, the last one in 2006. It has also produced what are considered to be two of the oddest and most memorable plays in college football: Roy "Wrong Way" Riegels' fumble recovery at the 1929 Rose Bowl and The Play kickoff return in the 1982 Big Game.
West African mythology
West African mythology is the body of myths of the people of  West Africa. It consists of tales of various deities, beings, legendary creatures,  heroes and folktales from various ethnic groups. Some of these myths traveled across the Atlantic during the period of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade to become part of Caribbean, African-American and Brazilian mythology.

Written myths from West Africa were not established until the 1800s. Most myths were passed from one generation to another orally. These myths were told by storytellers and grandparents. It is also told by griots in Mali and Senegal, Niger and northern Nigeria. Elements and figures of West African mythology might sometimes be regarded as part of West Africa Traditional religion.

Ewe people
The Ewe people (/ˈeɪ.weɪ/; Ewe: Eʋeawó, lit. 'Ewe people'; or Ewe: Mono Kple Amu (Volta) Tɔ́sisiwo Dome, lit. 'Between the Rivers Mono and Volta'; Ewe: Eʋenyígbá, lit. 'Eweland') are a Gbe-speaking ethnic group. The largest population of Ewe people is in Ghana (6.0 million), and the second largest population is in Togo (3.1 million). They speak the Ewe language (Ewe: Eʋegbe) which belongs to the Gbe family of languages. They are related to other speakers of Gbe languages such as the Fon, Gen, Phla/Phera, Ogu/Gun, Maxi (Mahi), and the Aja people of Togo and Benin.
Lower Fremont Glacier
Lower Fremont Glacier is east of the Continental Divide in the northern Wind River Range in the U.S. state of Wyoming. The glacier is in the Fitzpatrick Wilderness of Shoshone National Forest, and is among the largest grouping of glaciers in the American Rocky Mountains. Lower Fremont Glacier flows to the southeast and the rapid retreat of this glacier has left behind lateral moraines and a proglacial lake. Lower Fremont Glacier is separated from the Bull Lake Glacier by a moraine and from the Upper Fremont Glacier by cliffs.

Fitzpatrick Wilderness
The Fitzpatrick Wilderness is located in Shoshone National Forest in the U.S. state of Wyoming. The wilderness was originally known as the Glacier Primitive Area, but was redesignated a wilderness in 1976.
Southwick Priory
Southwick Priory or Our Lady at Southwick (/ˈsʌðɪk/) was a priory of Augustinian canons founded in Portchester Castle on Portsmouth Harbour and later transferred 2 miles (3.2 km) north to Southwick, Hampshire, England. It ceased at the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1538.

Preston Candover
Preston Candover is a village and large civil parish in Hampshire, England. It has two churches, only one of which is still in use. Its nearest town is Basingstoke, approximately 4.5 miles (7.2 km) away. It has an acreage of 3,457 acres (13.99 km2), which lies on comparatively low ground, south of the high country round the surrounding villages of Farleigh Wallop and Nutley, and north-west of that which rises to Wield and beyond to Bentworth. The village itself lies on the lowest ground towards the west of the parish on the road which comes northeast from Northington and the two other Candovers, and runs across the parish to enter Nutley at Axford and continues uphill to Farleigh Wallop and then to Basingstoke.

The village was home to the late Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover and his wife Anya Linden, of the supermarket Sainsbury family.
Adelaide Superbasin
The Adelaide Superbasin (previously known as the Adelaide Geosyncline and Adelaide Rift Complex) is a major Neoproterozoic to middle Cambrian geological province in central and south-east South Australia, western New South Wales, and western Victoria. It consists of a thick pile of sedimentary rocks and minor volcanic rocks that were deposited on the eastern margin of the Australian continent during the time of breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia. The Adelaide Superbasin has been the subject of much research, as it contains geological evidence for the breakup of Rodinia; two Snowball Earth events (the Sturtian and Marinoan glaciations); the Neoproterozoic oxygenation event, the transition to mostly eukaryotic life; and the Ediacaran Fauna.

Reg Sprigg
Reginald Claude Sprigg (1 March 1919 – 2 December 1994) was an Australian geologist and conservationist. At 17, sponsored by Walter Howchin, he became the youngest Fellow of the Royal Society of South Australia. During 1946, in the Ediacara Hills, South Australia he discovered the Ediacara biota, an assemblage of some of the most ancient animal fossils known. He was involved with oceanographic research and petroleum exploration by various companies that he initiated. In 1968, he acquired a derelict pastoral lease, Arkaroola, and transformed it into a wildlife sanctuary and wilderness reserve.
Cardinal point (optics)
In Gaussian optics, the cardinal points consist of three pairs of points located on the optical axis of a rotationally symmetric, focal, optical system. These are the focal points, the principal points, and the nodal points; there are two of each. For ideal systems, the basic imaging properties such as image size, location, and orientation are completely determined by the locations of the cardinal points. For simple cases where the medium on both sides of an optical system is air or vacuum, four cardinal points are sufficient: the two focal points and either the principal points or the nodal points. The only ideal system that has been achieved in practice is a plane mirror, however the cardinal points are widely used to approximate the behavior of real optical systems. Cardinal points provide a way to analytically simplify an optical system with many components, allowing the imaging characteristics of the system to be approximately determined with simple calculations.

Diaphragm (optics)
In optics, a diaphragm is a thin opaque structure with an opening (aperture) at its center. The role of the diaphragm is to stop the passage of light, except for the light passing through the aperture. Thus it is also called a stop (an aperture stop, if it limits the brightness of light reaching the focal plane, or a field stop or flare stop for other uses of diaphragms in lenses). The diaphragm is placed in the light path of a lens or objective, and the size of the aperture regulates the amount of light that passes through the lens.  The centre of the diaphragm's aperture coincides with the optical axis of the lens system.

Most modern cameras use a type of adjustable diaphragm known as an iris diaphragm, and often referred to simply as an iris.

See the articles on aperture and f-number for the photographic effect and system of quantification of varying the opening in the diaphragm.
Indonesian Aerospace Elang Hitam
The Elang Hitam (English: Black Eagle) is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and Medium-altitude long-endurance UAV (MALE) being developed by Indonesian Aerospace (IAe / PT DI) in cooperation with a consortium of six other institutions. This drone was first shown on 30 December 2019 at the IAe hangar in Bandung, West Java.

The Elang Hitam is the result of collaboration in the formation of a consortium consisting of the Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), Ministry of Defense, Indonesian Air Force, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Indonesian Aerospace, and PT LEN Industri.

Mini Akıllı Mühimmat
Mini Akıllı Mühimmat (MAM), meaning "smart micro munition" is a family of laser-guided and/or GPS/INS guided bombs produced by Turkish defence industry manufacturer Roketsan.

MAM has been developed for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), light attack aircraft, fighter aircraft and air–ground missions for low-payload-capacity air platforms. MAM can engage both stationary and moving targets with high precision.
Rule of replacement
In logic, a rule of replacement is a transformation rule that may be applied to only a particular segment of an expression. A logical system may be constructed so that it uses either axioms, rules of inference, or both as transformation rules for logical expressions in the system. Whereas a rule of inference is always applied to a whole logical expression, a rule of replacement may be applied to only a particular segment. Within the context of a logical proof, logically equivalent expressions may replace each other. Rules of replacement are used in propositional logic to manipulate propositions.

Common rules of replacement include de Morgan's laws, commutation, association, distribution, double negation, transposition, material implication, logical equivalence, exportation, and tautology.

Commutative property
In mathematics, a binary operation is commutative if changing the order of the operands does not change the result. It is a fundamental property of many binary operations, and many mathematical proofs depend on it. Perhaps most familiar as a property of arithmetic, e.g. "3 + 4 = 4 + 3" or "2 × 5 = 5 × 2", the property can also be used in more advanced settings. The name is needed because there are operations, such as division and subtraction, that do not have it (for example, "3 − 5 ≠ 5 − 3"); such operations are not commutative, and so are referred to as noncommutative operations.

The idea that simple operations, such as the multiplication and addition of numbers, are commutative was for many centuries implicitly assumed. Thus, this property was not named until the 19th century, when new algebraic structures started to be studied.
Joseph Hoeffel (American football)
Joseph Merrill Hoeffel (October 31, 1890 – April 15, 1964) was an American football player and coach who served as head coach of the Green Bay Packers in 1921. Historically, Curly Lambeau has been credited as being the Packers' that year, although this is primarily due to the different rules of American football in the early 1900s. In Hoeffel's era, the head coach was not allowed to communicate with the players while they were playing a game. Lambeau, as team captain, would call the plays during a game and also organized practices, tasks that are now allocated to the head coaching position.

Hoffel played college football for Wisconsin, being an All-America selection by Walter Camp in 1912. He played the end position.

1921 APFA season
The 1921 APFA season was the second season of the American Professional Football Association (APFA), which was renamed the National Football League in 1922.

The Staleys, who moved their base of operations from Decatur, Illinois, to Chicago mid-season, were named the APFA Champions over the Buffalo All-Americans.
Nkoro tribe
The Nkoro tribe' of the Ijaw people lives in southeastern Rivers State, Nigeria. Nkoro settlements include: Nkoro, Ayama, Dema,  The cultural traditions have been influenced by its proximity to the Andoni, the Bonny. The Nkoro dialect is a dialect of the Ijaw language.

One section of Nkoro town, Afakani, speaks an entirely different dialect from the rest of the clan. The clan sometimes refers to itself as Kala-Kirika ("Little Okrika"), reflecting the widely held belief that the clan was established by migrants from Okrika. Historically, the Nkoro waged war with the Ogoni. Eventually, a truce was negotiated and a market was established at Inyaba where the Nkoro could exchange fish for Ogoni farm goods. Wars were also fought against the Bonny and Andoni tribes.

Nkoro clan also exist in Eniong Abatim in Odukpani Local Government Area of Cross River State. As one of the four groups that made up Eniong Abatim Efik Eburutu, the other three being Babom, Beme and Bukong.

Ogoni people
The Ogoni is an ethnic group located in Rivers South-East senatorial district of Rivers State, in the Niger Delta region of southern Nigeria. They number just over 2 million and live in a 1,050-square-kilometre (404-square-mile) homeland which they also refer to as Ogoniland. They share common oil-related environmental problems with the Ijaw people of the Niger Delta.

The Ogoni rose to international attention after a massive public protest campaign against Shell Oil, led by the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP), which is also a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO).