hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Order of integration (calculus)
In calculus, interchange of the order of integration is a methodology that transforms iterated integrals (or multiple integrals through the use of Fubini's theorem) of functions into other, hopefully simpler, integrals by changing the order in which the integrations are performed.  In some cases, the order of integration can be validly interchanged; in others it cannot.

Cauchy principal value
In mathematics, the Cauchy principal value, named after Augustin-Louis Cauchy, is a method for assigning values to certain improper integrals which would otherwise be undefined. In this method, a singularity on an integral interval is avoided by limiting the integral interval to the non singular domain.
Richard Alatorre
Richard Alatorre (May 15, 1943 – August 13, 2024) was an American politician who was a member of the California State Assembly from 1973 to 1985 and the Los Angeles City Council from 1985 to 1999, the second Latino to serve on the council in the 20th century. While working as a lobbyist, he had been called "one of the most influential Latino politicians in the state".

Eagle Rock, Los Angeles
34°08′20″N 118°12′47″W﻿ / ﻿34.13889°N 118.21306°W﻿ / 34.13889; -118.21306

Eagle Rock is a neighborhood of Northeast Los Angeles, abutting the San Rafael Hills in Los Angeles County, California.
The community is named after Eagle Rock, a large boulder whose shadow resembles an eagle. Eagle Rock was once part of the Rancho San Rafael under Spanish and Mexican governorship. In 1911, Eagle Rock was incorporated as a city, and in 1923 it was annexed by Los Angeles.

The neighborhood is the home of Occidental College. As with other neighborhoods in Northeast Los Angeles, Eagle Rock experienced significant gentrification in the 21st century.
2004 Lower Hutt mayoral election
The 2004 Lower Hutt mayoral election was part of the wider 2004 New Zealand local elections. The elections were held for the role of Mayor of Lower Hutt plus other local government positions including eleven city councillors, also elected triennially. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.

2004 New Zealand local elections
The 2004 New Zealand local elections (Māori: Nga Pōtitanga ā-Rohe 2004) were triennial elections that were held ending 9 October 2007 to elect local mayors and councillors, regional councillors, and members of local boards.
2024–25 San Diego Toreros men's basketball team
The 2024–25 San Diego Toreros men's basketball team represented the University of San Diego during the 2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Toreros, led by third-year head coach Steve Lavin, played their home games at the Jenny Craig Pavilion in San Diego, California, as members of the West Coast Conference (WCC). They finished the season 6–27, 2–16 in WCC play to finish in last place. They defeated Pacific in the first round of the WCC tournament before losing to Loyola Marymount.

2024–25 Pacific Tigers men's basketball team
The 2024–25 Pacific Tigers men's basketball team represented the University of the Pacific during the 2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Tigers were led by first-year head coach Dave Smart and played their home games at the Alex G. Spanos Center in Stockton, California as members of the West Coast Conference (WCC).
Shimonoseki campaign
The Shimonoseki campaign (Japanese: 下関戦争/馬関戦争, Hepburn: Shimonoseki Sensō/Bakan Sensō; "Shimonoseki War") was a series of military engagements in 1863 and 1864, fought to control the Shimonoseki Straits of Japan by joint naval forces from the United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands, and the United States, against the Japanese feudal domain of Chōshū, which took place off and on the coast of Shimonoseki, Japan.

Aviso
An aviso was originally a kind of dispatch boat or "advice boat", carrying orders before the development of effective remote communication.

The term, derived from the Portuguese and Spanish word for "advice", "notice" or "warning", an aviso, was later adopted by the French and Portuguese navies to classify their medium-sized warships designed for colonial service. The term continued to be used in the French Navy to classify the D'Estienne d'Orves-class patrol frigates until 2012, when the remaining ships of the class were reclassified as offshore patrol ships. It is equivalent to the modern use of "sloop" in other countries.
Pamarru mandal
Pamarru Mandal is one of the 25 Mandals in the Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is under the administration of Gudivada revenue division and the headquarters are located at Pamarru. The mandal is bounded by Pamidimukkala, Pedaparupudi, Movva, Gudur, Gudlavalleru and Gudivada Mandals of Krishna District.

Pamidimukkala mandal
Pamidimukkala Mandal is one of the 25 Mandals in the Krishna District of the Indian State of Andhra Pradesh. it is 39 km from Vijayawada.

There are 28 Villages within the Pamidimukkala mandal. it is also a part of Capital of Andhra Pradesh (APCRDA). The headquarters of Pamidimukkala mandal is located in Veerankilaku. Chennuruvaripalem is the least populated and Kapileswarapuram is the most highly populated village in Pamidimukkala mandal.
2020–21 Biathlon World Cup – Overall Women
In the women's 2020–21 Biathlon World Cup total score, for each participating athlete the points earned in all Individual, Sprint, Pursuit and Mass start competitions held during the season are added up with the two lowest scores subtracted at the end of the season to give that athlete's final score. This includes the results from the Biathlon World Championships 2021 (held between the World Cup stages in Antholz-Anterselva and Nové Město).

2020–21 Biathlon World Cup
The 2020–21 Biathlon World Cup (BWC) was a multi-race series over a season of biathlon, organised by the International Biathlon Union. The season started on 28 November 2020 in Kontiolahti, Finland and ended on 21 March 2021 in Östersund, Sweden.

Starting from this season a blue bib will be introduced for the best biathlete under the age of 25.
Minister of Education (India)
The Minister of Education, formerly the Minister of Human Resources Development (1985–2020), is the head of the Ministry of Education and one of the portfolios of the union cabinet in the Government of India.

Union Council of Ministers
The Union Council of Ministers is the principal executive organ of the Government of India, which serves to aid and advise the President of India in execution of their functions. It is chaired by the Prime Minister of India and consists of the heads of each of the executive government ministries. Currently, the council is headed by Narendra Modi and consists of 71 fellow members. The council is answerable to the Lok Sabha.

A smaller executive body called the Union Cabinet is the supreme decision-making body in India; it is a subset of the Union Council of Ministers who hold important portfolios and ministries of the government.
Concierto pastoral
The Concierto pastoral is a flute concerto by Joaquín Rodrigo. Rodrigo wrote the work during 1977–1978 on commission from James Galway, who had first encountered the composer's work in 1974 when he asked permission to transcribe the Fantasia para un Gentilhombre for flute. Galway gave its premiere on October 17, 1978, in London, with Eduardo Mata conducting the Philharmonia Orchestra.

As the concerto being labeled pastoral, it has hints of shepherd themes and folk melodies as part of a nostalgic Spanish rural idyll of Andalusia. The concerto has gained a reputation among flautists for its exceptional technical requirements.

Flute concerto
A flute concerto is a concerto for solo flute and instrumental ensemble, customarily the orchestra. Such works have been written from the Baroque period, when the solo concerto form was first developed, up through the present day. Some major composers have contributed to the flute concerto repertoire, with the best known works including those by Mozart and Vivaldi.

Traditionally a three-movement work, the modern-day flute concerto has occasionally been structured in four or more movements. In some flute concertos, especially from the Baroque and modern eras, the flute is accompanied by a chamber ensemble rather than an orchestra.
Jeanne Bisgood
Jeanne Mary Bisgood CBE (11 August 1923 – 15 May 2024) was an English amateur golfer. She won the English Women's Amateur Championship three times, in 1951, 1953 and 1957 and played in the Curtis Cup three times, in 1950, 1952 and 1954.

1952 Curtis Cup
The 7th Curtis Cup Match was played on 6 and 7 June 1952 at Muirfield in Scotland. The British Isles won by 5 matches to 4, to win the Curtis Cup for the first time.

The British Isles won two of the three foursomes matches and tied the singles to win by five matches to four.
Mark Stoops (politician)
Mark Stoops is a former Democratic member of the Indiana Senate who represented the 40th District from 2012 to 2020. He decided not to run for re-election to a third term. He was succeeded by fellow Democrat Shelli Yoder. Before being elected to the Indiana Senate, Stoops served as a Monroe County Commissioner. Stoops served on the commission from 1999 to 2006 and from 2008 to 2012, becoming a well-known opponent of Interstate 69. Stoops succeeded Vi Simpson, the former minority leader of the Democrats in the Indiana Senate. Stoops continues to oppose Interstate 69, and supports raising funding for public education.

Indiana Senate
The Indiana State Senate is the upper house of the Indiana General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Indiana. The Senate is composed of 50 members representing an equal number of constituent districts. Senators serve four-year terms without term limits. According to the 2010 U.S. census, the average state senator represents 129,676 people.

The Senate convenes at the Indiana Statehouse in Indianapolis, Indiana.
Cognitive Research Corporation Driving Simulator
The Cognitive Research Corporation Driving Simulator (CRCDS) is a PC-based driving simulator used to test the effects of various factors (such as age, trauma, neurologic disease, alcohol and fatigue) on driving performance. The CRCDS software is ported from the National Advanced Driving Simulator (NADS).

Driving simulator
Driving simulators are used for entertainment as well as in training of driver's education courses taught in educational institutions and private businesses. They are also used for research purposes in the area of human factors and medical research, to monitor driver behavior, performance, and attention and in the car industry to design and evaluate new vehicles or new advanced driver assistance systems.
Anarchist Protected Area
Anarchist Protected Area is a 467-hectare (1,150-acre) park in British Columbia, Canada, with limited public access. It was established by BC Parks to increase the representation of low-elevation Douglas fir and ponderosa pine forests in the provincial protected area system. It is named after the nearby Anarchist Mountain.

BC Parks
BC Parks is an agency of the British Columbia Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy that manages all of the, as of 2020, 1,035 provincial parks and other conservation and historical properties of various title designations within the province's Parks oversaw of the British Columbia Parks and Protected Areas System. The Lieutenant Governor-in-Council created the agency on March 1, 1911, through the Strathcona Park Act. The agency is charged with a dual role of preserving the ecological and historical integrity of the places entrusted to its management, while also making them available and accessible for public use and enjoyment.
Simon Finighty
Simon Finighty (also known as Simon Finnerty or Finnity; Irish: Síomón Ó Fionnachta; 1833–1890) was a bare-knuckle prize fighter. London-born, of Irish descent, Finighty was a "popular feather-weight pugilist". He was a long-standing member of the Pugilistic Benevolent Association (P.B.A.) and the London Prize Ring (L.P.R.).

Hilbre Islands
The Hilbre Islands (/ˈhɪlbriː/ HIL-bree) are three tidal islands in Merseyside, England. They lie off the coast of the Wirral Peninsula at the mouth of the Dee Estuary, opposite Talacre in Flintshire, Wales. The name is thought to derive from a chapel built on the Island and dedicated to St. Hildeburgh.

The islands are a Local Nature Reserve and are within the Dee Estuary Site of Special Scientific Interest. As of 2012, the islands have no permanent residents. They can be reached by foot from West Kirby during low tide.
St. Thomas Episcopal Church (Port Clinton, Ohio)
St. Thomas' Episcopal Church (St. Thomas' Guild Hall ; St. Thomas' Rectory) is a parish in the Episcopal Diocese of Ohio. Its historic Gothic Revival style church, at 214 E. Second Street in Port Clinton, Ohio, was built in 1896. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

Port Clinton, Ohio
Port Clinton is a city in and the county seat of Ottawa County, Ohio, United States, located at the mouth of the Portage River on Lake Erie. The population was 6,025 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Port Clinton micropolitan area, about 34 miles (55 km) southeast of Toledo.

The city has been nicknamed the "Walleye Capital of the World", due to the productive fishing waters for the species lying offshore in Lake Erie's Western Basin. The annual Walleye Drop on New Year's Eve in downtown Port Clinton reflects this nickname.
John Bunting (sculptor)
John Joseph Bunting (3 August 1927 – 19 November 2002) was a British sculptor and teacher. He was influenced by furniture-maker Robert (Mouseman) Thompson in Kilburn, North Yorkshire, and after Oxford University and a period of National Service, he returned to Yorkshire as Thompson's wood shop apprentice in 1948.

Ampleforth College
Ampleforth College is a co-educational fee-charging private boarding school. It opened in 1803 as a boys' school. It is near the village of Ampleforth, North Yorkshire, England, on the grounds of Benedictine monastery Ampleforth Abbey. The school is in a valley with sports pitches, wooded areas, and lakes. The school has the oldest purpose-built school theatre in the United Kingdom, a dedicated student pub, and its own infirmary. It has received national attention for significant safeguarding failures.

St Laurence Educational Trust and the Ampleforth Abbey Trust are responsible for running Ampleforth College. Boarding fees were £46,740 for the school year 2024/2025.
The Cockatoos
The Cockatoos: Shorter Novels and Stories is a collection of six novellas by Australian writer Patrick White, first published by Jonathan Cape in 1974. Cape reprinted the book that same year. This was White's first published work after winning the Nobel Prize for Literature.

The stories are copyright 1966, 1968 and 1974.

The third story, The Night the Prowler, was filmed in 1978. White wrote the script.

Jonathan Cape
Jonathan Cape is a British publishing firm headquartered in London and founded in 1921 by Herbert Jonathan Cape, who was head of the firm until his death in 1960.

Cape and his business partner Wren Howard (1893–1968) set up the publishing house in 1921. They established a reputation for high-quality design and production and a fine list of English-language authors, fostered by the firm's editor and reader Edward Garnett. Cape's list of writers ranged from poets including Robert Frost and C. Day Lewis, to children's authors such as Roald Dahl, Hugh Lofting and Arthur Ransome, to James Bond novels by Ian Fleming, to heavyweight fiction by James Joyce and T. E. Lawrence.

After Cape's death, the firm later merged successively with three other London publishing houses. In 1987 it was taken over by Random House. Its name continues as one of Random House's British imprints.
Murjek
Murjek (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈmɵ̌rjɛk]) is a village situated in Jokkmokk Municipality, Norrbotten County, Sweden with 83 inhabitants in 2005.

The village is a popular train stop for hikers and tourists, as buses to Kvikkjokk go from Murjek. Kvikkjokk is a common starting point for hikes into Sarek National Park.

Jokkmokk Municipality
Jokkmokk Municipality (Swedish: Jokkmokks kommun, Finnish: Jokimukan kunta, Northern Sami: Johkamohkki gielda, Meänkieli: Jokinmukka) is a municipality in Norrbotten County in northern Sweden. Its seat is located in Jokkmokk.

The name Jokkmokk is Sami for the words "river" and "bend", since the town is situated close to a bend in the nearby river.

The municipality is the second largest in area of all Swedish municipalities and is, with an area of 19,477 km2 (approximately 7,520 square miles) slightly smaller than Slovenia or the US state of New Jersey. It has never been amalgamated with another entity, having been that large ever since municipalities were established in Sweden in 1863.
5-HT1D receptor agonist
5-HT1D receptor agonists are pharmaceutical drugs for the treatment of migraine. They include:

Triptans (which additionally act as 5-HT1B receptor agonists)

Ergotamine (which also has other mechanisms of action)

Dihydroergotamine, a derivative of the former

Alniditan

Ergotamine
Ergotamine, sold under the brand name Ergomar among others, is an ergopeptine and part of the ergot family of alkaloids; it is structurally and biochemically closely related to ergoline. It is structurally similar to several neurotransmitters, and it acts as a vasoconstrictor. It is used for acute migraines, sometimes with caffeine as the combination ergotamine/caffeine.

The drug is a non-selective modulator or agonist of serotonin receptors and other receptors. It is peripherally selective and crosses into the brain in minimal amounts.

Medicinal use of ergot fungus began in the 16th century, for the induction of childbirth; but dosage uncertainty discouraged its use. It has been used to prevent post-partum hemorrhage (bleeding after childbirth). It was first isolated from the ergot fungus by Arthur Stoll, at Sandoz in 1918, and was marketed as Gynergen in 1921.
Kong the Untamed
Kong the Untamed is a comic book series published by DC Comics that ran for five issues. It was created in 1975 by writer Jack Oleck and artist Alfredo Alcala. The title character, Kong, is an intelligent caveman who is a direct descendant of Anthro, another DC Comics caveman character. He befriends a neanderthal names Gurat.

Caveman
The caveman is a stock character representative of primitive humans in the Paleolithic. The popularization of the type dates to the early 20th century, when Neanderthals were influentially described as "simian" or "ape-like" by Marcellin Boule and Arthur Keith.

The term "caveman" has its taxonomic equivalent in the now-obsolete binomial classification of Homo troglodytes (Linnaeus, 1758).
USS PGM-18
USS PGM-18 was a PGM-9-class motor gunboat built for the United States Navy during World War II. She was built and originally commissioned as USS PC-1255, a PC-461-class submarine chaser, and was decommissioned and converted in late 1944. USS PGM-18 struck a mine off the coast of Okinawa in April 1945; 13 men lost their lives when PGM-18 sank.

PGM-9-class motor gunboat
The PGM-9-class motor gunboats were a class of 24 gunboats converted for the United States Navy from 1944 to 1945, succeeding the PGM-1-class motor gunboats.  All 24 PGM-9s were converted from PC-461-class submarine chasers while still under construction.  The PGM-9s were created to support PT boats in the Pacific, but were too slow to keep up, and were shifted to support minesweeping ships instead.
Bank of India (Uganda)
Bank of India (Uganda) Limited  (BOIUL), commonly referred to as Bank of India (Uganda), is a commercial bank in Uganda. The MD of this bank is Mr.Srikant Ashok Wikhe. It is licensed by the Bank of Uganda, the national banking regulator.

Bank of Uganda
The Bank of Uganda (Swahili: Benki Kuu ya Uganda) is the central bank of Uganda. Established in 1966, by Act of Parliament, the bank is wholly owned by the government but is not a government department.
Flashgal
Flashgal is a beat 'em up action game developed by Kyugo and released for arcades in 1985, by Sega in Japan and Romstar in North America. The game has a mixture of unarmed fighting and shooting gameplay.

Streets of Rage
Streets of Rage (titled Bare Knuckle in Japan) is a series of side-scrolling beat 'em up video games. It centers on the efforts of several ex-police vigilantes trying to rid the fictional American metropolis of Wood Oak City of a crime syndicate that has corrupted its local government. The first three games in the franchise were developed and released by Sega for the Sega Genesis in the early 1990s and have since been ported and re-released on various platforms. A fourth entry was also released in 2020.

The games were well received and have been re-released many times, both on compilations and as stand-alone games. The electronic dance music soundtracks of the games, scored primarily by Yuzo Koshiro and Motohiro Kawashima, have also received much praise.
Regulation through litigation
Regulation through litigation refers to changes in society (particularly those that affect industries) brought about by litigation, rather than legislation or self-regulation.

Some laws have "private attorney general" provisions that permit individuals to file suit in court to vindicate important rights.  Many laws for addressing consumer protection, civil rights and employment discrimination provide incentives for the private enforcement of laws by allowing the prevailing party to recover a reasonable attorney's fee.

Regulation through litigation may at times overlap with judicial activism.

Judicial activism
Judicial activism is a judicial philosophy holding that courts can and should go beyond the applicable law to consider broader societal implications of their decisions. It is sometimes used as an antonym of judicial restraint. The term usually implies that judges make rulings based on their own views rather than on precedent. The definition of judicial activism and the specific decisions that are activist are controversial political issues. The question of judicial activism is closely related to judicial interpretation, statutory interpretation, and separation of powers.
Downtown Minot
Downtown Minot is the central business district of Minot, North Dakota, located south of the Souris River in the Souris Valley.  Downtown is the site of the first permanent settlement in Minot in 1886. Downtown is home to many of Minot's cultural sites of interest. It is also home to numerous galleries, stores and restaurants.  The Minot Riverwalk traverses the downtown.

U.S. Route 83
U.S. Route 83 (US 83) is a major north–south United States Numbered Highway that extends 1,885 miles (3,034 km) in the central United States. Only four other north–south routes are longer: US 1, US 41, US 59, and US 87, while US 83 follows a straighter north-south path than all of these. Nearly half of its mileage is in the state of Texas. The highway's northern terminus is north of Westhope, North Dakota, at the Canadian border, where it continues as Manitoba Highway 83 (PTH 83). The southern terminus is at the Veterans International Bridge in Brownsville, Texas.  Together, US 83 and PTH 83 form a continuously numbered north-south highway with a combined distance of 3,450 kilometres (2,140 mi).