hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scottish colonization of the Americas
The Scottish colonization of the Americas comprised a number of Scottish colonial settlements in the Americas during the early modern period. These included the colony of Nova Scotia in 1629, East Jersey in 1683, Stuarts Town, Carolina in 1684 and New Caledonia in 1698.

Baleine, Nova Scotia
Baleine  (/beɪˈliːn/ bay-LEEN) (formerly Port aux Baleines) is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Cape Breton Regional Municipality on Cape Breton Island.  The community is perhaps best known as the landing site for pilot Beryl Markham's record flight across the Atlantic Ocean.
2008 CAF Beach Soccer Championship
The 2008 CAF Beach Soccer Championship also known as the 2008 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup qualifiers for (CAF) was the third beach soccer championship for Africa, held in March 2008, in Durban, South Africa.
Senegal won the championship, with Cameroon finishing second. The two teams moved on to play in the 2008 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup in Marseille, France, from 17–28 July.

Beach Soccer Africa Cup of Nations
The Beach Soccer Africa Cup of Nations (BSAFCON) is the beach soccer tournament of Africa, organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF). Launched in 2006, the winners of each edition qualifies for African nations to the upcoming FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup.

Coinciding with the annual staging of the World Cup, the competition took place yearly until 2009; the World Cup then became biennial, and as its supplementary qualification event, the championship followed suit.

Senegal is the most successful nation in this competition and in World Cup qualifications, having won eight titles, including the latest one in 2024, and qualified from with nine out of eleven attempts; Nigeria follow close behind, with six qualifications.
Delta Sculptoris
Delta Sculptoris (δ Scl, δ Sculptoris) is a triple star system in the constellation Sculptor.  It is approximately 137.4 light years from Earth.

The primary component, Delta Sculptoris A, is a white A-type main-sequence and Lambda Boötis star with an apparent magnitude of +4.59. It has a faint, magnitude 11.6 companion, Delta Sculptoris B, 4 arcseconds, or more than 175 astronomical units, away from it. Orbiting this pair at the much greater separation of 74 arcseconds, is the  G-type Delta Sculptoris C, which has an apparent magnitude of +9.4.

This system is a candidate member of the AB Doradus moving group, an association of stars with similar ages that share a common heading through space.

Sculptor (constellation)
Sculptor is a faint constellation in the southern sky. It represents a sculptor. It was introduced by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in the 18th century. He originally named it Apparatus Sculptoris (the sculptor's studio), but the name was later shortened.
Pakistani rice dishes
Pakistani rice dishes are popular across the country, and based on Pakistan's role major producer, consumer, and exporter rice, with Basmati being the most commonly used variety. Rice is often served alongside or mixed with other dishes.

One of the simplest and most common meals in Pakistani cuisine is plain cooked rice (chawal) paired with dal (lentils). Khichdi is a comforting dish made by cooking rice and dal together, while Karhi chawal consists of plain rice served with karhi, a yogurt-based curry. Biryani, a beloved dish, is prepared with beef, lamb, chicken, fish or shrimp offering a rich and flavorful rice experience.

Khichdi (dish)
Khichdi or khichri (Urdu: کھچڑی, romanised: khicṛī, Hindi: खिचड़ी, romanised: khicṛī, pronounced [ˈkʰɪtʃɽiː], Bengali: খিচুড়ি, romanised: Khicuṛi, Odia: ଖେଚୁଡି) is a dish in South Asian cuisine made of rice and lentils (dal) with numerous variations. Variations include bajra and mung dal khichri. In Indian culture, in several regions, especially in the northern areas, it is considered one of the first solid foods that babies eat.
Julian Bliss
Julian Bliss (born 1989) is a British clarinettist and clarinet designer. He has performed as a soloist, chamber and jazz musician, notably with his teacher Sabine Meyer. He also designed the Bliss Clarinet for instrument manufacturer Leblanc.

Academy of St Martin in the Fields
The Academy of St Martin in the Fields (ASMF) is an English orchestra, based in London.

John Churchill, then Master of Music at the London church of St Martin-in-the-Fields, and Neville Marriner founded the orchestra as "The Academy of St. Martin-in-the-Fields", a small, conductorless string group. The ASMF gave its first concert on 13 November 1959, in the church after which it was named. In 1988, the orchestra dropped the hyphens from its full name.
Anti-spam techniques
Various anti-spam techniques are used to prevent email spam (unsolicited bulk email).

No technique is a complete solution to the spam problem, and each has trade-offs between incorrectly rejecting legitimate email (false positives) as opposed to not rejecting all spam email (false negatives) – and the associated costs in time, effort, and cost of wrongfully obstructing good mail. This leads to combinations of the many techniques in order to achieve the best protection against spam and the potential harms that may come with it, while keeping the emails that should be seen intact.

Anti-spam techniques can be broken into four broad categories: those that require actions by individuals (end-user techniques), those that can be automated by email administrators, those that can be automated by email senders and those employed by researchers and law enforcement officials. They are often used in conjunction with one another.

Message transfer agent
Within the Internet email system, a message transfer agent (MTA), mail transfer agent, or mail relay is software that transfers electronic mail messages from one computer to another using the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. In some contexts, the alternative names mail server, mail exchanger, or MX host are used to describe an MTA.

Messages exchanged across networks are passed between mail servers, including any attached data files (such as images, multimedia, or documents). These servers often keep mailboxes for email. Access to this email by end users is typically either by webmail or an email client.
2013 Men's European Volleyball Championship
The 2013 Men's European Volleyball Championship was the 28th edition of the European Volleyball Championship, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the CEV. It was held in Denmark and Poland from 20 to 29 September 2013.

The championship was won by Russia with Italy as runners-up and Serbia on the 3rd place.

Men's European Volleyball Championship
The Men's European Volleyball Championship (EuroVolley) is the official competition for senior men's national volleyball teams of Europe, organized by the European Volleyball Confederation (CEV). The initial gap between championships was variable, but since 1975 they have been awarded every two years. The current champion is Poland, which won its second title at the 2023 tournament.
The Royal Kangaroos
The Royal Kangaroos was a professional wrestling tag team consisting of cousins "Lord" Jonathan Boyd and Norman Frederick Charles III. The duo played off their Australian heritage which included using a boomerang as their weapon of choice. Boyd and Charles were known for their brutal, brawling style.

Jim Crockett Promotions
Jim Crockett Promotions, at times branded as Eastern States Championship Wrestling and Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling, is a family-owned professional wrestling promotion headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina, United States. Founded in 1931, the promotion emerged as a cornerstone of the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA). By the 1980s, Jim Crockett Promotions was, along with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE), one of the two largest promotions in the United States. The Crockett family sold a majority interest in the promotion to Turner Broadcasting System (which was acquired by Time Warner in 1996, later became WarnerMedia from 2018–2022, now known as Warner Bros. Discovery), resulting in the creation of World Championship Wrestling (WCW) in 1988. In 2022, Jim Crockett Promotions Inc. was restarted by Jim Crockett's son and Jim Crockett Jr's brother, David Crockett.
Bulsara (crater)
Bulsara is a crater on Mercury.  Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in May 2024, for British musician Farrokh Bulsara, better known as Freddie Mercury, lead vocalist and pianist of the rock band Queen, who lived from 1946 to 1991.

Bulsara is located between Rembrandt to the east and Lennon to the west.

Rembrandt (crater)
Rembrandt is a large impact crater on Mercury. With a diameter of 716 km it is the second-largest impact basin on the planet, after Caloris, and is one of the larger craters in the Solar System. It was discovered by MESSENGER during its second flyby of Mercury on October 6, 2008. The crater is 3.9 billion years old, and was created during the period of Late Heavy Bombardment. The density and size distribution of impact craters along Rembrandt's rim indicate that it is one of the youngest impact basins on Mercury.

The crater is named after Dutch painter Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn.
Historic England
Historic England (officially the Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England) is an executive non-departmental public body of the British Government sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. It is tasked with protecting the historic environment of England by preserving and listing historic buildings, scheduling ancient monuments, registering historic parks and gardens, advising central and local government, and promoting the public's enjoyment of, and advancing their knowledge of, ancient monuments and historic buildings.

Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales
The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW; Welsh: Comisiwn Brenhinol Henebion Cymru; CBHC), established in 1908, is a Welsh Government sponsored body concerned with some aspects of the archaeological, architectural and historic environment of Wales. It is based in Aberystwyth.

The RCAHMW maintains and curates the National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW), an archive with an online platform called Coflein. Professor Nancy Edwards is Chair of the Commissioners.
Hypaepa
Hypaepa or Hypaipa (Ancient Greek: Ὕπαιπα, romanized: Húpaipa) was an Ancient city and (arch)bishopric in ancient Lydia, near the north bank of the Cayster River, and 42 miles from Ephesus, Ephesus and remains a Latin Catholic titular see.

Lydia
Lydia (Ancient Greek: Λυδία, romanized: Ludía; Latin: Lȳdia) was an Iron Age kingdom situated in western Anatolia, in modern-day Turkey. Later, it became an important province of the Achaemenid Empire and then the Roman Empire. Its capital was Sardis.

At some point before 800 BCE, the Lydian people achieved some sort of political cohesion, and existed as an independent kingdom by the 600s BCE. At its greatest extent, during the 7th century BCE, it covered all of western Anatolia. In 546 BCE, it became a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire, known as Sparda in Old Persian. In 133 BCE, it became part of the Roman province of Asia.

Lydian coins, made of electrum, are among the oldest in existence, dated to around the 7th century BCE.
Stony Stratford Town F.C.
Stony Stratford Town F.C. is a football club based in Stony Stratford, a constituent town of Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England. The Senior Team are currently members of the Spartan South Midlands League Division Two and play at Ostler's Lane.

The club also has both development and competitive youth teams from under-7 to under-18 that play in The Milton Keynes District Development League. The club has three girls' teams (U10, U13, U15) in the Bedfordshire FA Girls League.

South Midlands League
The South Midlands League was a football league covering Bedfordshire and some adjoining counties in England. It was founded in 1922 as the Bedfordshire County League and merged with the Spartan League in 1997 to form the Spartan South Midlands League.
Norfolk, Nebraska minor league baseball history
Minor league baseball teams were based in Norfolk, Nebraska in various seasons between 1914 and 1941. The Norfolk minor league teams played as members of the Class D level Nebraska State League in 1914 to 1915 and 1922 to 1923, the Tri-State League in 1924, the Nebraska State League from 1928– to 1938 and the Western League from 1939 to 1941. The 1936 Norfolk Elks were a St. Louis Cardinals minor league affiliate, before Norfolk teams played as an affiliate of the New York Yankees from 1937 to 1941, with Norfolk hosting minor league home games at Athletic Park.

Beatrice Blues
The Beatrice Blues was the final and primary name of the minor league baseball teams located in Beatrice, Nebraska. Beatrice teams played as members of the Nebraska State League in 1892, from 1913 to 1915, 1922 to 1923, 1928, 1932 to 1938, the Missouri-Iowa-Nebraska-Kansas League in 1912 and the Tri-State League in 1924. They were affiliated with the Brooklyn Dodgers from 1936 to 1938.
Chitral District
Chitral District (Khowar: ݯھیترارو ضلع; Urdu: ضلع چترال) was a district in the Malakand Division of the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from 14 August 1947 to 2018. It was the northernmost and the largest district of the province, covering an area of 14,850 km2, before the district was split in two forming the new districts of Upper Chitral and Lower Chitral.

It shared district borders with Swat and Dir to the south, a provincial border with Gilgit-Baltistan to the east and the Durand Line as international border with Afghanistan to the north and west. Afghanistan's narrow strip of Wakhan Corridor separated Chitral from Tajikistan in the north.

Shandur Pass
Shandur Pass (Urdu: شندور) is a pass located 
on the boundary of Upper Chitral District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan and Gilgit-Baltistan, a disputed territory within the larger region of Kashmir. Often referred to as 'The Roof of the World, it is located besides the Shandur Polo Ground which hosts the annual Shandur Polo Festival.

Shandur Pass, which is considered one of the most serene areas of Pakistan, is at an elevation of around 12,500 ft (3,800 m). It connects the two regions of Pakistan via a road. It is 212 km away from Gilgit.
1733 Commercial Space
1733, also known as 1733 Commercial Space(Chinese: 1733商业空间). It is the headquarters of ByteDance. It is also a workplace and shopping center owned by ByteDance in Beijing, China. It was launched on December 29, 2023. The location of 1733 is in the west direction of Dazhongsi station on Beijing Subway Line 13.

This commercial uses "1733" for its own name, because it means Big Bell Temple was built in 1733, and it also means the Chinese pinyin homophone as "Let's go for a walk together".（Chinese means "一起散散", Chinese pinyin as "yī qī sān sān", same as the Chinese pronunciation of 1733.).

ByteDance
ByteDance is a Chinese internet technology company headquartered in Haidian, Beijing. Its associated variable-interest entity ByteDance Ltd is incorporated in the Cayman Islands.

Founded by Zhang Yiming, Liang Rubo, and a team of others in 2012, ByteDance developed the video-sharing app TikTok/Douyin. The company is also the developer of the news platform Toutiao, the video-editing app CapCut, and Lemon8 which is a video sharing mobile app.

ByteDance has attracted regulatory and media attention in several countries over security, surveillance, and censorship concerns.
Gmina Rokietnica, Greater Poland Voivodeship
Gmina Rokietnica is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Rokietnica, which lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) north-west of the regional capital Poznań.

The gmina covers an area of 79.31 square kilometres (30.6 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 9,415.

Poznań County
Poznań County (Polish: powiat poznański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Poznań, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county's administrative offices (starostwo powiatowe) are in the Jeżyce neighbourhood of Poznań.
Ugaritic
Ugaritic (/ˌ(j)uːɡəˈrɪtɪk/ (Y)OOG-ə-RIT-ik) is an extinct Northwest Semitic language known through the Ugaritic texts discovered by French archaeologists in 1928 at Ugarit, including several major literary texts, notably the Baal cycle. The script is described as “a special alphabetic Cuneiform,” reflecting an idiom related to Canaanite and Hebrew languages.

Like Hebrew the short script of Ugarit has twenty-two characters: nearly identical to Hebrew in terms of their phonetic values (what they sound like) if not in terms of the visual elements or media of their inscription. Early samples of Hebrew are scratched on stone or potsherds whereas Ugaritic is punched on clay, like cuneiform.

A scholar of the period hailed Ugaritic as "the greatest literary discovery from antiquity since the deciphering of the Egyptian hieroglyphs and Mesopotamian cuneiform.”

Adjective
An adjective (abbreviated ADJ) is a word that describes or defines a noun or noun phrase. Its semantic role is to change information given by the noun.
The adjective is considered one of the main parts of speech of the English language, although historically they were classed together with nouns. Nowadays, certain words that usually had been classified as adjectives, including the, this, my, etc., typically are classed separately, as determiners.

Examples:

That used to be an immensely funny idea. (Prepositive attributive)

That idea is funny. (Predicative)

Tell me something funny. (Postpositive attributive)

The good, the bad, and the funny. (Substantive)

Clara Oswald, completely funny, died three times. (Appositive)
2024 ASEAN Championship Group B
Group B is one of the two groups of competing nations in the 2024 ASEAN Championship. It consists of Vietnam, Indonesia, Philippines, Myanmar, and Laos. The matches were played from 9 December to 21 December 2024.

Vietnam and Philippines advanced to the semi-finals as the top two teams on the group.

2024 ASEAN Championship knockout stage
The 2024 ASEAN Championship knockout stage (previously AFF Championship) was played from 26 December 2024 to 5 January 2025. A total of 4 teams competed in the knockout stage to decide the champions of the 2024 ASEAN Championship.

Vietnam won 5–3 on aggregate against Thailand in the final to win their third title.
C. Rajendra Prasad
C. Rajendra Prasad was an Indian cinematographer, writer, producer and director known for his works in Indian cinema. An alumnus of the Film and Television Institute of India, he made films across various Indian languages and Persian. Prasad is a Science graduate from Osmania University and graduate in Law from the University of Mumbai. In 1995 he founded his own production company, "Amateur Artists" He died due to bronchitis on 19 August 2022.

University of Mumbai
University of Mumbai is a public state university in Mumbai. It is one of the largest university systems in the world with over 549,000 students on its campuses and affiliated colleges. As of 2013, the university had 711 affiliated colleges.

It was established in 1857 as the University of Bombay following a dispatch from Sir Charles Wood, President of the Board of Control, to Governor-General Lord Dalhousie. There are courses available covering science, commerce and the arts.
Gmina Komarówka Podlaska
Gmina Komarówka Podlaska is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Radzyń Podlaski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Komarówka Podlaska, which lies approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) east of Radzyń Podlaski and 67 km (42 mi) north-east of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 137.56 square kilometres (53.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,728.

Radzyń County
Radzyń County (Polish: powiat radzyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Radzyń Podlaski, which lies 60 kilometres (37 mi) north of the regional capital Lublin.

The county covers an area of 965.21 square kilometres (372.7 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 59,057, including a population of 15,709 in Radzyń Podlaski and a rural population of 43,348.
Krushuna Falls
Krushuna Falls (Крушунски водопади) are a series of waterfalls in Northern Bulgaria, near the village of Krushuna, Letnitsa Municipality, 34 km from the city of Lovech. They are famous for their picturesque landscape and are formed by many travertines.

A tourist path leads to the cave where the river springs. There are two smaller waterfalls in the area, one of which is called Malkata Maara. Some other caves are also found near Urushka Maara, Gornik, Devetashka cave.

Remains of the 13-14th century Hesychast Krushuna Monastery dating from the Second Bulgarian Empire can be found nearby.

Devetashka Cave
Devetàshka Cave (Bulgarian: Деветашката пещера) is a large karst cave around 7 km (4.3 mi) east of Letnitsa and 15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Lovech, near the village of Devetaki on the east bank of the river Osam, in Bulgaria. The site was continuously occupied by paleo-humans for tens of thousands of years, served as a shelter for a variety of animal species during extensive periods and is now home to nearly 30,000 bats.
Omidiyeh, Fars
Omidiyeh (Persian: اميديه, also Romanized as Omīdīyeh) is a village in Naqsh-e Rostam Rural District, in the Central District of Marvdasht County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 291, in 73 families.

Naqsh-e Rostam Rural District
Naqsh-e Rostam Rural District (Persian: دهستان نقش رستم) is in the Central District of Marvdasht County, Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Hajjiabad. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Zangiabad, now a city.
Duke Island (lunar mountain)
Duke Island is a small lunar mountain that is located in Mare Tranquillitatis, about 64 km southwest of the crater Maskelyne, and about 188 km east of the Apollo 11 landing site.

Unlike many other lunar features named by the Apollo astronauts, the name of the mountain is not formally recognized by the International Astronomical Union.  However, Duke Island and other informal features such as nearby Boot Hill or Mount Marilyn (within Montes Secchi) were significant landmarks used by the astronauts for navigation to the first landing site.  "Duke" refers to astronaut Charlie Duke, who was CAPCOM during the Apollo 11 landing and lunar module pilot of Apollo 16.

Montes Secchi
Montes Secchi (Latin for "Secchi Mountains") is a minor range of lunar mountains located near the northwestern edge of Mare Fecunditatis. This roughly linear formation of low ridges grazes the northwestern outer rim of the crater Secchi, the formation from which this range gained its name. This crater is named after Angelo Secchi, a 19th-century Italian astronomer. The ridges trend from southwest to northeast.

In the vicinity of Montes Secchi is Mount Marilyn, a distinctly triangular mountain formation.  It was named in 1968 by Apollo 8 astronaut Jim Lovell, after his wife. The name was not approved by the IAU until July 26, 2017.  Before its approval, it was known as Secchi Theta.

The selenographic coordinates of the range midpoint are 2.4° N, 43.6° E, and they lie within a diameter of 50 km. This is smaller than the diameter of the crater Taruntius, located to the northeast of the mountains.