hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edgar Heinrich
Edgar Heinrich (born c. 1958) is a German automobile designer and motorcycle designer.  He began his career at BMW Motorrad as head of vehicle design (motorcycles) from 1986 to 2009, responsible for visual design of the R1150GS and R1200GS, The K1200R and K1200S, and head of the S1000RR sportbike design team.  At Bajaj Auto from 2009 to 2012, he was vice president of product development, responsible for both automotive and motorcycle design, including the Pulsar 200NS.

He returned to BMW Motorrad in July, 2012 to take over from David Robb as director of design.

David Robb (motorcycling)
David Robb, born 1956 in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, is a vehicle designer best known for his work as chief designer at BMW Motorrad, BMW's motorcycle division, from 1993 to 2012.

Robb was trained in design at the Art Center College of Design in Pasadena, California. After graduating he worked for Chrysler in the US, and Audi in Germany, before joining BMW's car division in 1984.

At BMW Motorrad Robb was responsible for designing, or led the design of the K1200RS sport bike, the R1200 which is a cruiser; the C1, which is an enclosed scooter; the K1200R, a powerful naked bike; the F800S, F800ST, F800R, and F800GS, all of which share the same 800 cc parallel-twin engine; the R1200GS, a dual-sport motorcycle which is BMW Motorrad's best selling model, and the S1000RR sport bike which is sold as a road bike and is also raced in the Superbike World Championship.
Chichibu District, Saitama
Chichibu (秩父郡, Chichibu-gun) is a district located in Saitama Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the district has an estimated population 755 and a density of 77.58 persons per km2. The total area is 796.03 km2.

Yokoze, Saitama
Yokoze (横瀬町, Yokoze-machi) is a town located in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 March 2021, the town had an estimated population of 8,106 in 3347 households and a population density of 172 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 49.26 square kilometres (19.02 sq mi).
Complex oil bodies
The oil bodies of liverworts, occasionally dubbed complex oil bodies for distinction, are unique organelles exclusive to the Marchantiophyta. They are markedly different from the oil bodies found in other land plants and algae in that they are membrane-bound, and not associated with food storage. The organelles are variable and present in an estimated 90% of liverwort species, often proving taxonomically relevant. As a whole, the formation and function of the organelles are poorly understood. Complex oil bodies are recognized as sites of isoprenoid biosynthesis and essential oil accumulation, and have been implicated with anti-herbivory, desiccation tolerance, and photo-protection.

Anthelia (plant)
Antheliaceae is a monotypic liverwort family in the order Jungermanniales. It contains a single genus, Anthelia.

Most species are found in the Northern hemisphere, with only a few species found in the southern hemisphere.
Group TAC
Group TAC Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 株式会社グループ・タック, Hepburn: Kabushiki Kaisha Gurūpu Takku) was a Japanese animation and computer graphics studio located in Shibuya, Tokyo, and founded in 1968 from former Mushi Pro staff. They worked on movies, videos, TV shows, and commercials, and contributed to all stages of the process, including planning, production, sound effects, and so on. The company was headed by Atsumi Tashiro until his death in July 2010. In September 2010, Group TAC filed for bankruptcy and liquidated all of its assets. Diomedéa was formed after a split from Group TAC. Group TAC's remaining animation project, Hana Kappa, was taken over by OLM, Inc. and XEBEC.

OLM (studio)
OLM, Inc. (formerly Oriental Light and Magic) is a Japanese animation and film studio headquartered in Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan, founded on October 3, 1990, by former Studio Gallop and OB Planning employees. They are best known for producing children's anime series such as Pokémon, Yo-kai Watch, and Beyblade Burst. They have also produced many series for older audiences, such as Berserk, Odd Taxi, and The Apothecary Diaries.
Hafiz Saeed Khan
Hafiz Saeed Khan (1972 – 26 July 2016), also known as Mullah Saeed Orakzai, Shaykh Hafidh Sa'id Khan, or Maulvi Saeed Khan, was an Islamic militant and emir for the militant group Islamic State – Khorasan Province (ISIS–K) from January 2015 until his death in July 2016. Prior to 2015, Khan fought alongside the Afghan Taliban against NATO forces in Afghanistan, joined the militant group Tehrik-e Taliban Pakistan (TTP) as a senior commander, and later swore allegiance to ISIS caliph Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, established ISIS–K in Afghanistan as the province's first emir until his death in a reported American drone strike.

Orakzai District
Orakzai District (Pashto: اورکزي ولسوالۍ, Urdu: ضلع اورکزئی) is a district of Kohat Division in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Before 1973, it was part of the Frontier Region of Kohat. Up until 2018, it was an agency within the erstwhile Federally Administered Tribal Areas. However, with the merger of the FATA with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, it attained the status of a district.
Iris Tolenada
Iris Janelle Tolenada (born August 25, 1991) is a professional Filipino volleyball athlete who plays as a setter for Premier Volleyball League club Capital1 Solar Spikers. She was a member of the San Francisco State Gators in the NCAA Division II.

2021 PNVF Champions League for Women
The women's division of the 2021 PNVF Champions League was held from November 20 to 25, 2021. This is the inaugural edition of the PNVF Champions League. The winner of this tournament will be the country's representative to the Asian Women's Club Volleyball Championships in May next year. F2 Logistics Cargo Movers are the inaugural champions.
Anne de Noailles, 1st Duke of Noailles
Anne de Noailles, 1st Duke of Noailles (died 15 February 1678) was the great-grandson of Antoine, 1st comte de Noailles.  He played an important part in the Fronde and the early years of the reign of Louis XIV, became captain-general of the newly won province of Roussillon, and in 1663 was created Duke of Noailles and peer of France.

Two of Noailles' sons, Anne-Jules, 2nd Duke of Noailles, and Louis-Antoine, Cardinal de Noailles, raised the Noailles family to its greatest fame. A grandson married Françoise Charlotte d'Aubigné, niece of Madame de Maintenon.

Antoine de Noailles
Antoine, 1st comte de Noailles (4 September 1504 – 11 March 1563) was ambassador in England for three years, 1553–1556, maintaining a gallant but unsuccessful rivalry with the Spanish ambassador, Simon Renard.

Antoine was the eldest of three brothers who served as French diplomats, three of the 19 children of Louis de Noailles and Catherine de Pierre-Buffière. His brothers Gilles and François were clergymen and diplomats.
Stanley, Nottinghamshire
Stanley is a hamlet in the Ashfield District of Nottinghamshire England. It lies north of Sutton-in-Ashfield. It is close to the village of Teversal and the boundary with Derbyshire, within the vicinity of Hardwick Hall.

Sutton-in-Ashfield
Sutton-in-Ashfield is a market town in Nottinghamshire, England, with a population of 36,404 in 2021. It is the largest town in the district of Ashfield, four miles west of Mansfield, 2 miles (3 km) from the Derbyshire border and 12 miles (19 km) north of Nottingham.
2010 European Women's Handball Championship
The 2010 European Women's Handball Championship was held in Denmark and Norway from 7 to 19 December. It was the first European Championship hosted by two countries. Norway won their overall 5th gold medal, when they defeated first time finalist Sweden in the final. Romania claimed the bronze medal.

European Women's Handball Championship
The European Women's Handball Championship is the official competition for senior women's national handball teams of Europe, and takes place every two years. In addition to crowning the European champions, the tournament also serves as a qualifying tournament for the Olympic Games and World Championship. As of December 2024, the only teams that have ever won the championship are Norway (ten times), Denmark (three times), Hungary, Montenegro and France (each once).
Walther WA 2000
The Walther WA 2000 is a semi-automatic bullpup sniper rifle produced by the Carl Walther GmbH Sportwaffen company from 1978 to 1988. The WA2000 was introduced to the markets in 1981  and was produced in three different calibers. Production of the rifle was limited and it was shortly stopped because it was too expensive to achieve widespread sales and not robust enough for military use as a sniper rifle. Only 176 were built due to its high manufacturing cost, making it one of the rarest and most sought-after production firearms ever made; and extremely valuable, common auction prices in the United States start at $50,000.

Semi-automatic rifle
A semi-automatic rifle is a type of self-loading rifle that fires a single round each time the trigger is pulled while automatically loading the next cartridge. Such rifles were developed before World War II and were widely used throughout that war. Rifles are firearms designed to be fired while held with both hands and braced against the shooter's shoulder for stability. Externally similar shotguns can fire multiple pellets simultaneously through a smoothbore, while rifle barrels are rifled to spin-stabilize individual bullets. The actions of semi-automatic rifles use a portion of the fired cartridge's energy to eject the spent casing and load a new round into the chamber, readying the rifle to be fired again. This design differs from manually operated rifles such as bolt-action and lever-action rifles, which need to chamber a cartridge manually before firing again, and automatic rifles, which continue firing as long as the trigger remains depressed.
Humanoid animation
Humanoid Animation (HAnim) is an approved ISO and IEC standard for humanoid modeling and animation.  HAnim defines a specification for defining interchangeable human figures so that those characters can be used across a variety of 3D games and simulation environments.

The HAnim Standard was developed in the late 1990s and was significantly influenced by the Jack human modeling system and the research of experts in the graphics, ergonomics, simulation & gaming industry.

Flux (graphics software)
Flux was a software suite released by Media Machines which consisted of Flux Player and Flux Studio.

Flux Player was a VRML/X3D viewer that worked both as plugin in Internet Explorer, and as standalone program in Windows. Flux Studio was a VRML/X3D editor that worked in Windows. Both programs supported Windows Me/2000 and higher.

Flux Player and Flux Studio were freely downloadable for any usage under a proprietary Flux Player and Flux Studio license.

Flux software was developed by Tony Parisi, who coworked with Mark Pesce on the development of the experimental VRML prototype called Labyrinth. Flux Studio could successfully import and export *.WRL, *.X3DV and *.X3D files.

Initial distribution version of Flux Player 2.0 and Flux Studio 2.0 was released on February 21, 2007; while final distribution version of Flux Player 2.1 and Flux Studio 2.1 was released on May 28, 2007.
Caroline Zhang
Caroline Zhao Zhang (born May 20, 1993) is an American figure skater. She is a two-time (2010 and 2012) Four Continents bronze medalist, the 2007 World Junior Champion, the 2006 Junior Grand Prix Final champion, and a three-time U.S. national medalist (bronze in 2009, pewter in 2008 and 2012).

Toe loop jump
The toe loop jump is the simplest of the six jumps in the sport of figure skating. It was invented in the 1920s by American professional figure skater Bruce Mapes, who may have also invented the flip jump.

The skater skates forward on the inside edge of the blade, switches to a backward-facing position, and takes off from a back outside edge with help from the other foot's toe pick. The skater lands on the same back outside edge.

In competition, the toe loop is the most commonly performed jump and the most common second jump of a combination. The base value of a single toe loop is 0.40; the base value of a double toe loop is 1.30; the base value of a triple toe loop is 4.20; the base value of a quadruple toe loop is 9.50, and the base value for a quintuple toe loop is 14.
Optical coating
An optical coating is one or more thin layers of material deposited on an optical component such as a lens, prism or mirror, which alters the way in which the optic reflects and transmits light. These coatings have become a key technology in the field of optics. One type of optical coating is an anti-reflection coating, which reduces unwanted reflections from surfaces, and is commonly used on spectacle and camera lenses. Another type is the high-reflective (HR) coating, which can be used to produce mirrors that reflect greater than 99.99% of the light that falls on them. More complex optical coatings exhibit high reflection over some range of wavelengths, and anti-reflection over another range, allowing the production of dichroic thin-film filters.

Wave interference
In physics, interference is a phenomenon in which two coherent waves are combined by adding their intensities or displacements with due consideration for their phase difference. The resultant wave may have greater amplitude (constructive interference) or lower amplitude (destructive interference) if the two waves are in phase or out of phase, respectively.
Interference effects can be observed with all types of waves, for example, light, radio, acoustic, surface water waves, gravity waves, or matter waves as well as in loudspeakers as electrical waves.
Salicide
The term salicide refers to a technology used in the microelectronics industry used to form electrical contacts between the semiconductor device and the supporting interconnect structure.  The salicide process involves the reaction of a metal thin film with silicon in the active regions of the device, ultimately forming a metal silicide contact through a series of annealing and/or etch processes.  The term "salicide" is a compaction of the phrase self-aligned silicide.  The description "self-aligned" suggests that the contact formation does not require photolithography patterning processes, as opposed to a non-aligned technology such as polycide.

The term salicide is also used to refer to the metal silicide formed by the contact formation process, such as "titanium salicide", although this usage is inconsistent with accepted naming conventions in chemistry.

Etching (microfabrication)
Etching is used in microfabrication to chemically remove layers from the surface of a wafer during manufacturing. Etching is a critically important process module in fabrication, and every wafer undergoes many etching steps before it is complete.

For many etch steps, part of the wafer is protected from the etchant by a "masking" material which resists etching.  In some cases, the masking material is a photoresist which has been patterned using photolithography. Other situations require a more durable mask, such as silicon nitride.
Curiglia con Monteviasco
Curiglia con Monteviasco is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) northwest of Milan and about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Varese in the Val Veddasca, on the border with Switzerland. The municipal seat is in Curiglia.

Varese
Varese (UK: /vəˈreɪzeɪ, -zi/ və-RAY-zay, -⁠zee, US: /vɑːˈreɪseɪ/ var-AY-say; Italian: [vaˈreːze] ⓘ or [vaˈreːse]; Varesino: Varés [ʋaˈreːs]; Latin: Baretium; archaic German: Väris) is a city and comune in north-western Lombardy, northern Italy, 55 km (34 mi) north-west of Milan. The population of Varese in 2018 was 80,559.

It is the capital of the Province of Varese. The hinterland or exurban part of the city is called Varesotto.
Key2Audio
key2audio is a copy restriction system for Audio CDs, developed by Sony DADC. The system gained notoriety after it was discovered that one can effectively disable the system by tracing the outer edge of a CD with a felt-tip marker.

The system works by applying a bogus data track onto the disc during glass master manufacturing.  Since computers are designed to read data before music, this  prevents playback on  a PC and thereby prevents ripping as well as ordinary listening using a computer. CD players ignore any non-audio tracks on a disc, and can therefore play the CD unimpeded - Enhanced CDs also take advantage of this factor.

Currently there are two major versions of the key2Audio protection: the original key2Audio, and key2AudioXS.

Copy protection
Copy protection, also known as content protection, copy prevention and copy restriction, is any measure to enforce copyright by preventing the reproduction of software, films, music, and other media.

Copy protection is most commonly found on videotapes, DVDs, Blu-ray discs, HD-DVDs, computer software discs, video game discs and cartridges, audio CDs and some VCDs. It also may be incorporated into digitally distributed versions of media and software.

Some methods of copy protection have also led to criticism because it caused inconvenience for paying consumers or secretly installed additional or unwanted software to detect copying activities on the consumer's computer.
Surendra Reddy
Ramasahayam Surender Reddy (born 10 October 1931) is a former Indian Member of Parliament and Member of Legislative Assembly who represented Mahabubabad of Andhra State in the 3rd Lok Sabha and Warangal in the 4th, 9th and 10th Lok Sabha.

3rd Lok Sabha
The 3rd Lok Sabha, (2 April 1962 – 3 March 1967) was elected in February–March 1962. The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the Parliament of India. The election was held for 494 seats out of which Indian national congress won 361 seats. 14 sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected to 3rd Lok Sabha after the 1962 Indian general election.

Jawaharlal Nehru was Prime Minister as in 1st Lok Sabha and 2nd Lok Sabha, till his death on 27 May 1964.

Gulzarilal Nanda became acting Prime Minister for 13 days, before Lal Bahadur Shastri became Prime Minister on 9 June 1964. After Shastri's death on 11 January 1966, Nanda became acting Prime Minister again for 13 days. Later Indira Gandhi, Rajya Sabha member from Uttar Pradesh became Prime Minister on 24 January 1966.

The next 4th Lok Sabha was constituted on 4 March 1967 after 1967 Indian general election.
Cavallucci
Cavallucci are an Italian Christmas pastry made with anise, walnuts, candied fruits, coriander, and flour. They are Sienese in origin, and the name translates approximately to 'little horses'. The chewy pastries are similar to a cookie or biscuit and traditionally use Tuscan millefiori honey as an essential ingredient in the dough.

Anise
Anise (/ˈænɪs/; Pimpinella anisum), also called aniseed or rarely anix, is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae native to the eastern Mediterranean region and Southwest Asia.

The flavor and aroma of its seeds have similarities with some other spices and herbs, such as star anise, fennel, liquorice, and tarragon. It is widely cultivated and used to flavor food, candy, and alcoholic drinks, especially around the Mediterranean.
Jelenia Góra Valley
Jelenia Góra Valley (Polish: Kotlina Jeleniogórska; Silesian: Kotlina Lelýniohorski; German: Hirschberger Tal; Literally "Deer Mountain Valley") in Poland is a big valley at the Silesian northern side of the Western Sudetes and next to Kłodzko Valley the largest intermontane basin of the Sudetes. It is situated at an altitude of 250–400 meters above sea level and covers an area of 273 km2. In the 19th century, the lovely landscape attracted the Prussian high nobility, which built magnificent palaces, manors and parks. The enormous number of stately homes turned the valley into one of the most important garden landscapes in Middle Europe.

The palaces and landscape parks of the Jelenia Góra valley represent one of Poland's official national Historic Monuments (Pomnik historii), as designated on 20 September 2011. Its listing is maintained by the National Heritage Board of Poland.

August Neidhardt von Gneisenau
August Wilhelm Antonius Graf Neidhardt von Gneisenau (27 October 1760 – 23 August 1831) was a Prussian field marshal. He was a prominent figure in the reform of the Prussian military and the War of Liberation.
2021 in arthropod paleontology
Paleontology portal

History of science portal

2021 in arthropod paleontology is a list of new arthropod fossil taxa, including arachnids, crustaceans, insects, trilobites, and other arthropods that were announced or described, as well as other significant arthropod paleontological discoveries and events which occurred in 2021.

Crown group
In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor. It is thus a way of defining a clade, a group consisting of a species and all its extant or extinct descendants. For example, Neornithes (birds) can be defined as a crown group, which includes the most recent common ancestor of all modern birds, and all of its extant or extinct descendants.

The concept was developed by Willi Hennig, the formulator of phylogenetic systematics, as a way of classifying living organisms relative to their extinct relatives in his "Die Stammesgeschichte der Insekten",
and the "crown" and "stem" group terminology was coined by R. P. S. Jefferies in 1979. Though formulated in the 1970s, the term was not commonly used until its reintroduction in 2000 by Graham Budd and Sören Jensen.
Hugrajuli railway station
Hugrajuli Railway Station is a railway station on the Rangiya–Murkongselek section under the Rangiya railway division of the Northeast Frontier Railway zone. This railway station is situated at Praja Basti Pathar, Hugrajuli in Sonitpur district in the Indian state of Assam.

Rangiya railway division
Rangiya railway division is one of the five railway divisions under the jurisdiction of Northeast Frontier Railway zone of the Indian Railways. This railway division was formed on 1 April 2003 carved out from Alipurduar railway division and its headquarter is located at Rangiya in the state of Assam. Katihar, Lumding, Tinsukia and Alipurduar are the other four railway divisions under the NFR Zone headquartered at Maligaon, Guwahati.
Fajã de Entre Poios
The Fajã of Entre Poios (Portuguese: Fajã de Entre Poios), literally meaning the Fajã between Hills/Knolls is a permanent debris field, built from the collapsing cliffs on the northern coast of the civil parish of Velas, in the municipality of Velas, island of São Jorge, in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores.

There were several families from this district with their own woodlots at Entre Poios, where they would collect wood for their ovens.  This fajã served the purpose of raising wild goats and for the collection of timber, which was transported uphill to the community of Beira (in the centre of the island).

There are three small ravines, one of which is a permanent course, that cross the fajã.

São Jorge Island
São Jorge (Portuguese pronunciation: [sɐ̃w ˈʒɔɾʒɨ]; Portuguese for 'Saint George') is an island in the central group of the Azores archipelago and part of the autonomous region of Portugal.  Separated from its nearest neighbours (Pico and Faial islands) by  the 15-kilometre (9.3 mi) Pico-São Jorge Channel, the central group is often referred colloquially as part of the Triângulo ("Triangle") group or just "The Triangle". São Jorge is a relatively long thin island with tall cliffs, whose 8,381 inhabitants are concentrated on various geological debris fields (fajãs) along the north and south coasts; from east to west, the island is 53 kilometres (33 mi) long and, north to south, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) wide: its area is 237.59 square kilometres (91.73 mi2).