hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wawa (company)
Wawa, Inc. (/wɑːwɑː/ ⓘ WAH-WAH) is an American chain of convenience stores and gas stations originating in the Philadelphia metropolitan area and located along the East Coast of the United States, operating in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, Florida, Alabama, North Carolina, Ohio, Georgia, Kentucky, and Indiana. Wawa is based in and primarily associated with the Philadelphia metropolitan area, though it gradually expanded its store locations, over many decades, far beyond the Philadelphia area. The company's headquarters is located in the Wawa area of Chester Heights, Pennsylvania, in Greater Philadelphia.

As of 2008, Wawa was the largest convenience store chain in the greater Philadelphia metropolitan area and the third-largest food retailer in greater Philadelphia after Acme Markets and ShopRite.

Acme Markets
Acme Markets Inc. is an American supermarket chain, originating in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and operates 159 stores throughout Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, and the Hudson Valley of New York. The chain is still concentrated in the Philadelphia metropolitan area and is headquartered in East Whiteland Township, Pennsylvania, near Malvern, a Philadelphia suburb. As of 1998, it is a subsidiary of Albertsons.

After many decades of being the largest grocery retailer in the Delaware Valley, Acme fell to No. 2 behind ShopRite in 2011. As of 2013, Acme was No. 3 behind No. 1 ShopRite and No. 2 The Giant Company in the region.
Lidell Corners, New York
Lidell Corners is a hamlet south of Schuyler Lake located at the corner of CR-16 and NY-28 in the Town of Richfield. Lidell Creek flows into Oaks Creek east of the hamlet.

William Lidell built a farmhouse at the intersection in the 1700s, the source of the location's namesake.

In the late 1970s through 1990s this original homestead was saved and preserved by historian John Stoltenborg who also served as historian to the town of Exeter. An expert in Federal period furniture and folk art portraits, Mr. Stoltenborg and his wife Janet guided a successful antiques business from the homestead in addition to setting up Lidell family reunions to keep the history of the space alive.

Schuyler Lake, New York
Schuyler Lake is the name of a small hamlet (and census-designated place) in the town of Exeter in Otsego County, New York, United States. It lies at the south end of Canadarago Lake and south of Richfield Springs. It is also known as Kaniatarake, which is a Mohawk name that translates to "on the lake".

New York State Route 28 and Otsego County Route 22 intersect in the center of the hamlet.  Schuyler Lake is the location of the infamous Battle of the Four Corners, so named because of the hamlet's geographical location at the crossroads of State Highway 28 and County Highway 22.
1945 Campeón de Campeones
The 1945 Campeón de Campeones was the fourth edition of the Campeón de Campeones, an annual football super cup match since its inception in 1942, and the third held in the professional era of Mexican football. The match was played at Parque Asturias on 1 July 1945 between the 194–45 Mexican Primera División winners Real España and the 1944–45 Copa México winners Puebla.

Campeón de Campeones
Campeón de Campeones is a professional association football competition in Mexico and a domestic Super cup between the Liga MX champions of the Apertura and Clausura tournaments, the two champions of each season. It was initially a Super cup between the league and cup champions until 1995, and since 2003 it has been contested by the two league champions of the year. Since 2018, the winners of the Campeón de Campeones have competed in the Campeones Cup, facing the MLS champions.

The inaugural edition as a professional competition was held in 1943, with Marte as the first champions in history. In all, fifty-one editions of the trophy have been held.

The trophy was not held for several years (1977–1987, 1991–1994, 1996–2002, 2007–2014), and has been paused since 2020.

América and Guadalajara are the most successful clubs with seven titles each, followed by León, Toluca and Atlas with five titles each. In all, eighteen clubs have won the trophy at least once.
Gigantochloa atter
Gigantochloa atter, also known as black bamboo, sweet bamboo, or giant atter, is a bamboo species belonging to the genus Gigantochloa. It grows up to 20 meters tall. It is native to Island Southeast Asia, but has become naturalized all over South Asia.

Gigantochloa
Gigantochloa is a tropical Asian and Papuasian genus of giant clumping bamboos in the grass family. It is found in southern China, Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and New Guinea.

Species

Formerly included

see Bambusa Dendrocalamus Neololeba Pseudoxytenanthera
Medford High School (Massachusetts)
Medford High School is a public high school located in the western edge of the Lawrence Estates section of Medford, Massachusetts, on the southwest border of the Middlesex Fells Reservation. Students in the City of Medford may also enroll in Career and Technical Education classes (formerly known as Medford Vocational-Technical High School) on the same site. The Curtis-Tufts alternative high school in South Medford is also part of the Medford Public Schools.

Hoshū jugyō kō
Hoshū jugyō kō (補習授業校), or hoshūkō (補習校), are supplementary Japanese schools located in foreign countries for students living abroad with their families. Hoshū jugyō kō educate Japanese-born children who attend local day schools. They generally operate on weekends, after school, and other times not during the hours of operation of the day schools.

The Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture (Monbusho), as of 1985, encouraged the opening of hoshū jugyō kō in developed countries. It also encouraged the development of full-time day schools for Japanese students (nihonjin gakkō) in developing countries. In 1971, there were 22 supplementary Japanese schools worldwide.

By May 1986, Japan operated 112 supplementary schools worldwide, having a total of 1,144 teachers, most of them Japanese nationals, and 15,086 students. The number of supplementary schools increased to 120 by 1987. As of April 15, 2010, there are 201 Japanese supplementary schools in 56 countries.
Apophony
In linguistics, apophony is an alternation of vowel (quality) within a word that indicates grammatical information (often inflectional). It is also known as ablaut, (vowel) gradation, (vowel) mutation, alternation, internal modification, stem modification, stem alternation, replacive morphology, stem mutation, or internal inflection.

Front vowel
Front vowels are a class of vowel sounds used in spoken languages that are produced when the tongue is positioned toward the front of the mouth. Front vowels appear in most of the world's languages, with [i] and [e] being present in 92% and 61% of languages according to PHOIBLE.

Front vowels can be rounded, but are typically unrounded, meaning that the lips are relaxed while speakers are producing them. This is because languages want to maximize the degree of contrast between vowels. Rounding has the effect of bringing a vowel further back in the mouth, so across the world's languages, it's more common for front vowels to be unrounded than rounded, and for back vowels to be rounded rather than unrounded. This is reflected in the position of rounded front vowels on the IPA vowel chart. They are written to the right of the unrounded front vowels to note that they are typically centralized.
Valentin Tubylov
Valentin Kuzmich Tubylov Russian: Валентин Кузьмич Тубылов; born November 13, 1935) is a Russian former politician who served as the Chairman of the State Council of the Udmurt Republic from 1992 to 1995. He was replaced by Alexander Volkov, who would go on to become Head of Udmurtia in November 2000.

Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
The Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was an autonomous republic of the Soviet Union, named after the Udmurt people. It originated on 4 November 1920 as the Votyak Autonomous Oblast ("Votyak" is an obsolete name for Udmurts, "Vot" being the obsolete name for Udmurt people) and renamed as the Udmurt Autonomous Oblast in 1932. On 28 December 1934, the oblast was organized as the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, but did not become a full member of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic until 1936.

In 1937, the Constitution of Udmurtia was created and the Supreme Soviet of the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic gained power. The Supreme Council of Udmurtia declared state sovereignty on 20 September 1990 and the Udmurt ASSR was renamed as the Udmurt Republic on 16 May 1992.
1990 Southwest Missouri State Bears football team
The 1990 Southwest Missouri State Bears football team represented Southwest Missouri State University (now known as Missouri State University) as a member of the Gateway Football Conference (GFC) during the 1990 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Led by fifth-year head coach Jesse Branch, the Bears compiled an overall record of 9–3, with a mark of 5–1 in conference play, and finished as GFC co-champion. Southwest Missouri State advanced to the NCAA Division I-AA First Round and were defeated by Idaho.

1990 NCAA Division I-AA football season
The 1990 NCAA Division I-AA football season, part of college football in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association at the Division I-AA level, began in August 1990, and concluded with the 1990 NCAA Division I-AA Football Championship Game on December 15, 1990, at Paulson Stadium in Statesboro, Georgia. The Georgia Southern Eagles won their fourth I-AA championship, defeating the Nevada Wolf Pack by a score of 36–13.
Wardzyn
Wardzyn [ˈvard͡zɨn] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brójce, within Łódź East County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) south of Brójce and 19 km (12 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Brójce, Łódź Voivodeship
Brójce [ˈbrui̯t͡sɛ] is a village in Łódź East County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Brójce. It lies approximately 18 km (11 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.
LOS40 Music Awards 2018
The LOS40 Music Awards 2018 was the thirteenth edition of the LOS40 Music Awards, the annual awards organized by Spanish radio station Los 40. It was held on November 2, 2018 in the WiZink Center in Madrid, Spain.

Los 40 Music Awards
Los40 Music Awards, formerly known as Premios 40 Principales, is an award show by the musical radio station Los 40. It was created in 2006 to celebrate the fortieth anniversary of the founding of the worldwide station.
Data Analysis Expressions
Data Analysis Expressions (DAX) is the native formula and query language for Microsoft PowerPivot, Power BI Desktop and SQL Server Analysis Services (SSAS) Tabular models. DAX includes some of the functions that are used in Excel formulas with additional functions that are designed to work with relational data and perform dynamic aggregation. It is, in part, an evolution of the Multidimensional Expression (MDX) language developed by Microsoft for Analysis Services multidimensional models (often called cubes) combined with Excel formula functions. It is designed to be simple and easy to learn, while exposing the power and flexibility of PowerPivot and SSAS tabular models.

MultiDimensional eXpressions
Multidimensional Expressions (MDX) is a query language for online analytical processing (OLAP) using a database management system. Much like SQL, it is a query language for OLAP cubes.  It is also a calculation language, with syntax similar to spreadsheet formulae.
Schmidt Ice Cap
The Schmidt Ice Cap is an Arctic ice cap very near the limit of permanent sea ice, so as to be indistinguishable from the sea in winter, spring, and late fall. It covers almost all (~75-85%) of Schmidt Island, a Russian Arctic island above the 80th parallel north. The ice cap's maximum elevation is ~320 metres (1,050 ft), and it has a diameter of 25.31 kilometres (15.73 mi) along its longest axis.

Ice cap
In glaciology, an ice cap is a mass of ice that covers less than 50,000 km2 (19,000 mi2) of land area (usually covering a highland area). Larger ice masses covering more than 50,000 km2 (19,000 mi2) are termed ice sheets.
Jung Carriage Factory
The Jung Carriage Factory is a historic two-story building in Sheboygan, Wisconsin. It was built in 1885 for Jacob Jung, and designed in the Richardsonian Romanesque style. The building was initially a factory of "horsedrawn carriages, wagons, and sleighs." It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since July 10, 1974.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin. It is intended to provide a comprehensive listing of entries in the National Register of Historic Places that are located in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin.  The locations of National Register properties for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below may be seen in a map.

There are 64 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted September 19, 2025.
Wang Jiyuan
Wang Jiyuan was a Chinese artist. He co-founded the Juelan Society along with Ni Yide, Pang Xunqin, Chen Cheng-po, and others. Juelan members promoted innovation in the Chinese arts under the motto “fierce passion, firm rationality”

Pang Xunqin
Pang Xunqin (Chinese: 庞薰琹; June 20, 1906 – March 18, 1985) was a Chinese painter and teacher who, after studying in Paris, moved back to China and gave "traditional decoration art a modern context." Pang was also a co-founding member of the Storm Society, which aimed to bring a Parisian-style art world to China. He was greatly inspired by the French Art Nouveau movement.
Marshall Islands War Memorial Park
The Marshall Islands War Memorial Park is a beachfront park located in Delap on Majuro Atoll, Marshall Islands. The park was part of the U.S. Headquarters Command Center for the Marshall Islands, which was responsible for administering the Marshall Islands following World War II. It was located next to the main U.S. airfield on the atoll until 1971, when a new airfield opened; it then became a collection point for World War II artifacts. The park includes weaponry and vehicles, such as Zeros and large ammunition pieces, from throughout the islands.

The park was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on September 30, 1976. At the time, the Marshall Islands were part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.

Delap
Delap (also called Dalap; Marshallese: Teļap, [tˠɛːlˠɑpʲ]) is an island district in the Marshall Islands. It is located in the east of Majuro Atoll. Along with Uliga and Djarrit it forms what is known as the "Delap-Uliga-Djarrit".

During World War II was the site of a large base, Naval Base Majuro.

7°05′25″N 171°22′53″E﻿ / ﻿7.09028°N 171.38139°E﻿ / 7.09028; 171.38139
Evans-Allen funds
Evans-Allen funds (or Payments to 1890 colleges) are federal funds distributed to the 1890 (historically black) land grant colleges of agriculture under a provision in the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (P.L. 95-113, Title XIV), to support research programs. The provision became known by the names of two of its primary proponents in Congress, Representative Frank Evans of Colorado and Senator James Allen of Alabama.

National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977
The United States National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 — Title XIV of the 1977 farm bill (P.L. 95-113; 7 U.S.C. 3101 et seq.) -- made USDA the leading federal agency for agricultural research, extension, and teaching programs and consolidated the funding for these programs.  This Act and other statutes relating to the research mission area are reauthorized every 4 to 7 years as part of omnibus legislation that provides funding authority and policy guidance for nearly all of USDA's agencies.
Eurosport 2
Eurosport 2 is a sports television channel and a sister channel to Eurosport 1. Both are part of the Eurosport network which is a unit of EMEA version of Warner Bros. Discovery. Several different versions of the channel exist across Europe, with different sports rights across different markets. Eurosport 2 had an audience of 87 million viewers in 2019 -- an increase in size of one million.

NOS (Portuguese company)
NOS, SGPS S.A. is a Portuguese telecommunications and media company which provides mobile and fixed telephony, cable television, satellite television and internet. The company resulted from the merger in 2013 of two of the country's major telecommunications companies: Zon Multimédia (formerly known as PT Multimédia, a spun-off media arm of Portugal Telecom) and Sonae's Optimus Telecommunications,

NOS owns premium movie channels TVCine and has a 25% stake in the Sport TV television network. It also operates 6 thematic channels with Dreamia, a joint venture with AMC Networks International Southern Europe. NOS Audiovisuais (formerly ZON Lusomundo) is a home-video and cinema film distributor and operates Cinemas NOS, the largest cinema chain of Portugal.
Finnish Tax Administration
The Finnish Tax Administration (Finnish: Verohallinto, Swedish: Skatteförvaltningen) is the revenue service of Finland. It is a government agency steered by the Ministry of Finance. The Finnish Tax Administration had 4,983 employees in 2016. It collects around two-thirds of the taxes in the country, with the rest being collected by the Finnish Customs and the Finnish Transport and Communications Agency Traficom. It collects around 55 billion euros and operates with a 408 million euro budget.

Finnish Transport and Communications Agency
The Finnish Transport and Communications Agency (Finnish: Liikenne-ja Viestintävirasto, Swedish: Transport- och kommunikationsverket), shortened to TRAFICOM, is a Finnish government agency dealing with transport and communication in Finland.

The agency expected to employ 900 people across 15 branches in Finland. The main office is located in Helsinki.
Jacques Baumel
Jacques Baumel (French pronunciation: [ʒak bomɛl]; 6 March 1918 – 17 February 2006) was a French politician. He was born on 6 March 1918 in Marseille and died on 17 February 2006 in Rueil-Malmaison. He was a French Resistance fighter (under the aliases "Saint-Just", "Berneix" or "Rossini"), deputy in the National Assembly, a senator, an important leader of the Gaullist movement, and secretary of state and mayor of Rueil-Malmaison.

Rueil-Malmaison
Rueil-Malmaison (French pronunciation: [ʁɥɛj malmɛzɔ̃] ⓘ) or simply Rueil is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, in the Hauts-de-Seine department, Île-de-France region. It is located 12.6 kilometres (8 miles) from the centre of Paris. It is one of the wealthiest suburbs of Paris.
Tracktion Waveform
Waveform, previously known as Tracktion, is a digital audio workstation for recording and editing audio and MIDI. The software is cross-platform, and runs on Apple macOS, Microsoft Windows, and Linux. It is freemium software, offering a free trial with basic features, and a paid version with additional content and support.

Digital audio workstation
A digital audio workstation (DAW /dɔː/) is an electronic device or application software used for recording, editing and producing audio files. DAWs come in a wide variety of configurations, from a single software program on a laptop, to an integrated stand-alone unit, all the way to a highly complex configuration of numerous components controlled by a central computer. Regardless of configuration, modern DAWs have a central interface that allows the user to alter and mix multiple recordings and tracks into a final produced piece.

DAWs are used for producing and recording music, songs, speech, radio, television, soundtracks, podcasts, sound effects and nearly every other kind of complex recorded audio.
K-trivial set
In mathematics, a set of natural numbers is called a K-trivial set if its initial segments viewed as binary strings are easy to describe: the prefix-free Kolmogorov complexity is as low as possible, close to that of a computable set. Solovay proved in 1975 that a set can be K-trivial without being computable.

The Schnorr–Levin theorem says that random sets have a  high initial segment complexity. Thus the K-trivials  are far  from random. This is why these sets  are studied in the field of algorithmic randomness, which is a subfield of Computability theory  and related to  algorithmic information theory in computer science.

At the same time, K-trivial sets are close to computable. For instance,   they are all superlow, i.e. sets whose Turing jump is computable from the Halting problem, and form a Turing ideal, i.e. class of sets closed under  Turing join and closed downward under Turing reduction.

Chaitin's constant
In the computer science subfield of algorithmic information theory, a Chaitin constant (Chaitin omega number) or halting probability is a real number that, informally speaking, represents the probability that a randomly constructed program will halt. These numbers are formed from a construction due to Gregory Chaitin.

Although there are infinitely many halting probabilities, one for each (universal, see below) method of encoding programs, it is common to use the letter Ω to refer to them as if there were only one.  Because Ω depends on the program encoding used, it is sometimes called Chaitin's construction when not referring to any specific encoding.

Each halting probability is a normal and transcendental real number that is not computable, which means that there is no algorithm to compute its digits. Each halting probability is Martin-Löf random, meaning there is not even any algorithm which can reliably guess its digits.
Bosham railway station
Bosham railway station serves the small village of Bosham in West Sussex, England. It is located on the West Coastway Line that runs between Brighton and Southampton, 31 miles 43 chains (31.54 miles, 50.75 km) from Brighton.

Southampton Central railway station
Southampton Central (originally Southampton West and later known simply as Southampton) is a main line railway station serving the city of Southampton in Hampshire, southern England. It is on the South West Main Line and also serves the Wessex Main Line and the West Coastway Line. The station is approached from the London direction by passing through Southampton Tunnel and is 79 miles 19 chains (127.5 km) measured from London Waterloo. It is the busiest station in Hampshire.

The station is managed by South Western Railway who operate the majority of services, including frequent trains between here and London Waterloo, Weymouth and Portsmouth & Southsea. Other operators are CrossCountry (providing services between here and Bournemouth, Birmingham New Street and Manchester Piccadilly), Great Western Railway (between here and Portsmouth Harbour, Bristol Temple Meads and Cardiff Central) and Southern (linking Southampton with Havant, Chichester, Worthing and Brighton).
2023 Cary Challenger II
The 2023 Cary Challenger II was a professional tennis tournament being played on hard courts. It was the 11th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Cary, North Carolina, United States between 11 and 17 September 2023.

Cary Tennis Classic
The Cary Tennis Classic (previously known as the Atlantic Tire Championships) is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It is currently a part of the ATP Challenger Tour and the ITF Women's World Tennis Tour, and has been held annually at the Cary Tennis Park in Cary, North Carolina, since 2015 for men and since 2024 for women.