hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Punjabi Canadians
Punjabi Canadians are Canadian citizens of Punjabi descent, numbering approximately 950,000 and accounting for roughly 2.6% of Canada's population, as per the 2021 Canadian census. Their heritage originates wholly or partly from the Punjab region of India and Pakistan.

Punjabis first arrived in Canada during the late 19th century to work in the forestry industry. Primarily concentrated in the western province of British Columbia, the Punjabi population initially peaked in 1908 before an ensuing period of population decline and stagnation followed. In the mid 20th century Canadian immigration laws were relaxed, fostering rapid population growth into the present day.

Today, the largest Punjabi communities in Canada are situated in the province of British Columbia, concentrated in Vancouver, and the province of Ontario, particularly in Toronto.

Punjabi diaspora
The Punjabi diaspora consists of the descendants of ethnic Punjabis who emigrated out of the Punjab region in Pakistan and India to the rest of the world. Punjabis are one of the largest ethnic groups in both the Pakistani and Indian diasporas. The Punjabi diaspora numbers around the world has been given between 3 and 5 million, mainly concentrated in Britain, Canada, the United States, Western Europe, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Australia and New Zealand.
Battle of Ürümqi (1870)
The Battle of Ürümqi (Chinese: 迪化之戰) was a battle waged by Yaqub Beg's Turkic kingdom of Yettishar against Chinese Muslim rebels in Ürümqi in a bid to conquer all of Xinjiang and subjugate Chinese Muslims under his control.

Yakub Beg of Yettishar
Muhammad Yakub Beg (c. 1820 – 30 May 1877), later known as Yakub Padishah, was the Kokandi ruler of Yettishar (Kashgaria), a state he established in Xinjiang from 1865 to 1877. He was recognized as Emir of Yettishar by the Ottoman Empire and held the title of "Champion Father of the Faithful".
Biddu, Jerusalem
Biddu (Arabic: بدّو) is a Palestinian town in the Jerusalem Governorate, located 6 kilometers northwest of Jerusalem in the West Bank. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the town had a population of 8,231 in 2017. Biddu is at an altitude of 806m to 834m. Giv'on HaHadasha lies 2 km east of Biddu.

Biddu is located (horizontally) 10.1 kilometers (6.3 mi) north-west of Jerusalem. It is bordered by Beit Iksa to the east, Beit Ijza to the north, Al Qubeiba to the west, and Beit Surik  to the south.

Quds Governorate
The Quds Governorate (Arabic: محافظة القدس, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat al-Quds), also known as Jerusalem Governorate, is one of the 16 governorates of Palestine and located in the central part of the West Bank. The current governor, appointed by the Palestinian National Authority, is Adnan Ghaith since 2018, who succeeded Adnan al-Husayni, appointed in 2008. The Governorate has two sub-districts: Jerusalem J1, which includes the localities within the territory controlled by the Israeli Jerusalem municipality (East Jerusalem), and Jerusalem J2, which includes the remaining parts of the Jerusalem Governorate. The district capital of the Governorate is East Jerusalem (al-Quds).

The total land area of the governorate is 344 km2. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the governorate had a population of 429,500 residents in 2005, accounting for 10.5% of Palestinians living in the Palestinian territories in 2022 population had risen to 482,854 as official Statistics.
Miles of Plancy
Miles of Plancy (French: Milon, Latin: Milo; died October 1174) was a French-born nobleman who rose to high offices in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. He arrived in the kingdom during the reign of his kinsman King Amalric, who appointed him seneschal in 1168. Miles accompanied the king on two campaigns in Egypt. In early 1174 the king arranged for Miles to marry a great heiress, Stephanie of Milly, which made Miles lord of Transjordan, one of the largest fiefs in the kingdom. Amalric died on 11 July 1174 and was succeeded by his minor son, Baldwin IV. A regent was not immediately appointed to rule in the boy king's name, and so Miles duly assumed the government in his capacity as seneschal. He was of a too imperious temperament to cooperate with other noblemen, however, and soon caused resentment that led to his murder.

Malcolm Barber
Malcolm Charles Barber (born 4 March 1943) is a British medievalist. He has been described as the world's leading living expert on the Knights Templar. He is considered to have written the two most comprehensive books on the subject, The Trial of the Templars (1978) and The New Knighthood: A History of the Order of the Temple (1994).  He has been an editor for The Journal of Medieval History and written many articles on the Templars, the Cathars, various elements of the Crusades, and the reign of Philip IV of France.
McLaughlin Motor Car Showroom
The McLaughlin Motor Car Showroom was built in 1925 and operated continuously as a car dealership until March 2007 when it was last occupied by Addison on Bay dealership (Cadillac) at 832 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario.

General Motors Canada
General Motors of Canada Company (French: La Compagnie General Motors du Canada), commonly known as GM Canada, is the Canadian subsidiary of US-based company General Motors. It is headquartered in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada.

After the 2008 financial crisis, GM Canada received a combined loan commitment of CA$3 billion of financial assistance from the federal and provincial governments amid declining sales. On November 26, 2018, GM announced the closure of its Oshawa plant, ending a century of automobile and related manufacturing operations in the city. On November 5, 2020, GM announced reopening of the Oshawa plant in January 2022 to produce GMC Sierra and Chevrolet Silverado trucks, hiring up to 2,500 workers.43°52′34″N 78°48′15″W﻿ / ﻿43.876110°N 78.804253°W﻿ / 43.876110; -78.804253
Mohammad Humayun Kabir
Mohammad Humayun Kabir OSP, SUP, rcds, psc is a former two-star officer of the Bangladesh Army. Humayun served as the Commander Logistics Area Dhaka Cantonment of Bangladesh Army. He served in various command and headquarters formations. He served as Adjutant General of Bangladesh Army, Commandant of the Bangladesh Military Academy, the Director of Military Operations-Army headquarters and also the General Officer Commanding (GOC) of 55th Infantry Division and  17th Infantry Division.

Bangladesh Army
The Bangladesh Army (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ সেনাবাহিনী, romanized: Bāṅlādēś shēnābāhinī) is the principal land warfare branch of the Bangladesh Armed Forces responsible for defending the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Bangladesh. Operating under the Ministry of Defence, the army is tasked with national defense, disaster response, and supporting civil authorities during emergencies. Established officially after the 1971 Liberation War, the Bangladesh Army has since evolved into a professional, modern force engaged in peacekeeping missions under the United Nations as well as national security operations.

The Bangladesh Army is also constitutionally obligated to assist the government, during times of domestic or national emergencies. This additional role is commonly referred to as "aid to civil administration" or, using the Latin form, "Protectio, Transparentia, Reintegratio".
Oulaxiuma Township, Gansu
Oulaxiuma Township (Mandarin: 欧拉秀玛乡) is a township in Maqu County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu, China. In 2010, Oulaxiuma Township had a total population of 3,183: 1,642 males and 1,541 females: 1,025 aged under 14, 2,009 aged between 15 and 65 and 149 aged over 65.

Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
34°59′N 102°55′E﻿ / ﻿34.98°N 102.91°E﻿ / 34.98; 102.91

Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Chinese: 甘南藏族自治州; pinyin: Gānnán Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu; Tibetan: ཀན་ལྷོ་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་, Wylie: Kan-lho Bod-rigs rang-skyong-khul, ZWPY: Gainlho Poirig Ranggyong Kü) is an autonomous prefecture in southern Gansu Province, China, bordering Linxia to the north, Dingxi to the northeast, Longnan to the east and Aba (Sichuan province) to the south. It includes Xiahe and the Labrang Monastery, Luqu, Maqu and other mostly Tibetan towns and villages. Gannan has an area of 40,898 km2 (15,791 sq mi) and its capital is Hezuo city (Zoi). In the first year of the proclamation of Gannan Autonomous District, the district-seat was at the Labrang Town of Sangqu.
IRIS Taregh
IRIS Taregh or Tareq (Persian: زیردریایی طارق) is the first Kilo-class attack submarine of Islamic Republic of Iran Navy, serving in the Southern Fleet. The submarine is part of the 33rd Flotilla, along with two other vessels.

She is the first ever submarine commissioned by any country to serve in the Persian Gulf and the second Iranian-owned submarine after IIS Kousseh (SS 101), which never became operational in the country's fleet.

Attack submarine
An attack submarine or hunter-killer submarine is a submarine specifically designed for the purpose of attacking and sinking other submarines, surface combatants, and merchant vessels. In the Soviet and Russian navies they were and are called "multi-purpose submarines". They are also used to protect friendly surface combatants and missile submarines. Some attack subs are also armed with cruise missiles, increasing the scope of their potential missions to include land targets.

Attack submarines may be either nuclear-powered or diesel–electric ("conventionally") powered. In the U.S. Navy naming system, and in the equivalent NATO system (STANAG 1166), nuclear-powered attack submarines are known as SSNs and their anti-submarine (ASW) diesel–electric predecessors are SSKs. In the U.S. Navy, SSNs are unofficially called "fast attacks".
Birthday
A birthday is the anniversary of the birth of a person or the figurative birth of an institution. Birthdays of people are celebrated in numerous cultures, often with birthday gifts, birthday cards, a birthday party, or a rite of passage.

Many religions celebrate the birth of their founders or religious figures with special holidays (e.g. Christmas, Mawlid, Buddha's Birthday, Krishna Janmashtami, and Gurpurb).

There is a distinction between birthday and birthdate (also known as date of birth): the former, except for February 29, occurs each year (e.g. January 15), while the latter is the complete date when a person was born (e.g. January 15, 2001).

Doljanchi
Dol (Korean: 돌) or doljanchi (돌잔치) is a Korean tradition that celebrates a baby's first birthday.

The tradition has been practiced since the early Joseon period. The ceremony typically involves the ritual offering of a samsinsang to the god Samsin (who is said to watch over children), the preparation of a dolsang with various foods and ritual objects, and a doljabi (based on the Chinese zhuazhou), where children are encouraged to pick up an object that is said to predict their future.

The practice has changed over time. Traditionally, the doljanchi was held at the family home and involved a number of ritual offerings. Now, the practice is often held at reserved venues and is celebrated as a secular party. Its practice has also spread internationally with the Korean diaspora.
Escape from Arcturus
Escape from Arcturus is a video game for the Apple II published in 1981 by Synergistic Software. It consists of two games which can be played independently or one after the other: Space Fortress, which is a clone of the arcade video game Space Zap, and Escape.

Space Zap
Space Zap is a space-themed fixed shooter arcade video game developed by Game-A-Tron and licensed to Midway Manufacturing in 1980. The player controls the defenses of an immobile base in the center of the screen which is attacked from the top, bottom, left, and right. Pressing one of four oversized buttons moves the gun in the corresponding direction. A fifth button fires. Space Zap shipped in three form factors: standard upright, cocktail, and a "Mini-Myte" reduced size cabinet.

An official port of Space Zap for the Bally Astrocade was released in 1981 as Space Fortress.
Chuck Wollet
Charles Elmer Wollet (26 April 1899 – 26 November 1957) was an All-Southern college basketball player for the Newberry Indians under legendary coach Dutch MacLean. Wollet was considered the best basketball player from the state of South Carolina. Under MacLean, Newberry won four state championships in a row. Wollet additionally played football and baseball, winning 12 letters. Coach Billy Laval of Furman awarded him a medal as the best athlete and scholar in South Carolina. Wollet married Nancy Elizabeth Fox in June 1926.

Wollet coached high school athletics and taught science in Georgia, in the cities of Statesboro, Griffin, and Union Point. He died of a heart attack at his home in Griffin. He was inducted into his Newberry's hall of fame in 1979.

Billy Laval
William Lawrence Laval (January 15, 1885 – January 20, 1957) was an American minor league baseball player, baseball manager, and college baseball, football, and basketball coach. He held head coaching positions at the University of South Carolina, Furman University, Emory and Henry College, and Newberry College. He is the only South Carolina football coach to have produced seven consecutive winning seasons. In 2009, The State called him "the greatest collegiate coach" in the history of South Carolina.
Highland City, Florida
Highland City is a census-designated place (CDP) in Polk County, Florida, United States. The population was 2,051 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Lakeland–Winter Haven Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Lakeland Highlands, Florida
Lakeland Highlands is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Polk County, Florida, United States. The population was 11,056 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Lakeland–Winter Haven Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is an affluent residential community located south of the Lakeland city limits, and north of the Mulberry city limits. Lakeland Highlands neighbors Medulla, and together the two communities make up much of what is known as South Lakeland (unincorporated).

The area is addressed to Lakeland, with zip codes 33807, 33812, and 33813. Its schools include, George W. Jenkins Senior High School (named after the founder of Publix Super Markets, based in Lakeland), Scott Lake Elementary, Lakeland Highlands Middle School and Valleyview Elementary. This area has been experiencing high growth for over two decades with new subdivisions being developed every year. Considered part of the Tampa Bay Area, it is becoming a bedroom community of Tampa.
Tagliolini
Tagliolini (Italian: [taʎʎoˈliːni]) or taglioni is a type of ribbon pasta, long like spaghetti, roughly 2–3 mm (3⁄32–1⁄8 in) wide, cut from a sheet of dough similar to tagliatelle, but thin like capellini. It is a traditional recipe in the Molise and Piedmont regions of Italy. In Piedmont it is called tajarin and made of egg dough (pasta all'uovo). The dough also contains semolina, flour and salt. It is typically served with butter and truffles (tajarin ai tartufi) or sugo d'arrosto, a sauce made from the drippings of roast meat. Tagliolini have a short cooking time, especially when made from fresh dough, and work best with light sauces, fish, delicacies or soups.

The word tagliolini is a diminutive of tagliare, which means 'to cut'.

Capellini
Capellini (Italian: [kapelˈliːni]; lit. 'little hairs') is a thin variety of pasta, with a diameter ranging from 0.85 to 0.92 mm (0.033 to 0.036 in). It is made in the form of long, thin strands, similar to spaghetti. Capelli d'angelo (Italian: [kaˈpelli ˈdandʒelo], lit. 'angel hair'; hence, 'angel hair pasta' in English) is even thinner, with a diameter ranging from 0.78 to 0.88 mm (0.031 to 0.035 in). It is often sold in a nest-like shape.

Capelli d'angelo has been popular in Italy since at least the 14th century and is known for its delicate, light texture. Its thinness best suits it for soups or dishes with light sauces, such as those made with seafood or vegetables.

In the Campania region, the pasta is often served in a broth or with lentils.
Sea-griffin
The sea-griffin (German: Fischgreif; Polish: rybogryf, gryf morski) is a heraldic charge in form of an aquatic griffin with the head, upper half, wings, and talons of an eagle and the lower half of a fish.

Gmina Gniewino
Gmina Gniewino is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Wejherowo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Gniewino, which lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) north-west of Wejherowo and 57 km (35 mi) north-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The gmina covers an area of 176.21 square kilometres (68.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,828.
Plancherel measure
In mathematics, Plancherel measure is a measure defined on the set of irreducible unitary representations of a locally compact group , that describes how the regular representation breaks up into irreducible unitary representations. In some cases the term Plancherel measure is applied specifically in the context of the group  being the finite symmetric group  – see below. It is named after the Swiss mathematician Michel Plancherel for his work in representation theory.

Young tableau
In mathematics, a Young tableau (/tæˈbloʊ, ˈtæbloʊ/; plural: tableaux) is a combinatorial object useful in representation theory and Schubert calculus. It provides a convenient way to describe the group representations of the symmetric and general linear groups and to study their properties.

Young tableaux were introduced by Alfred Young, a mathematician at Cambridge University, in 1900. They were then applied to the study of the symmetric group by Georg Frobenius in 1903. Their theory was further developed by many mathematicians, including Percy MacMahon, W. V. D. Hodge, G. de B. Robinson, Gian-Carlo Rota, Alain Lascoux, Marcel-Paul Schützenberger and Richard P. Stanley.
Flamenco at 5:15
Flamenco at 5:15 (French: Flamenco à 5 h 15) is a 1983 short documentary film directed by Cynthia Scott, taking audiences inside a flamenco dance class at the National Ballet School of Canada. Produced by Studio D, the women's unit of the National Film Board of Canada, the film won an Oscar at the 56th Academy Awards in 1984 for Documentary Short Subject.

Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Film
This is a list of films by year that have received an Academy Award together with the other nominations for best documentary short film. Following the Academy's practice, the year listed for each film is the year of release: the awards are announced and presented early in the following year. Copies of every winning film (along with copies of most nominees) are held by the Academy Film Archive. Fifteen films are shortlisted before nominations are announced.
Duqu
Duqu is a collection of computer malware discovered on 1 September 2011, thought by Kaspersky Labs to be related to the Stuxnet worm and to have been created by Unit 8200. The Laboratory of Cryptography and System Security (CrySyS Lab) of the Budapest University of Technology and Economics in Hungary discovered the threat, analysed the malware, and wrote a 60-page report naming the threat Duqu. Duqu got its name from the prefix "~DQ" it gives to the names of files it creates.

Zero-day vulnerability
A zero-day (also known as a 0-day) is a vulnerability or security hole in a computer system unknown to its developers or anyone capable of mitigating it. Until the vulnerability is remedied, threat actors can exploit it in a zero-day exploit, or zero-day attack.

The term "zero-day" originally referred to the number of days since a new piece of software was released to the public, so "zero-day software" was obtained by hacking into a developer's computer before release. Eventually the term was applied to the vulnerabilities that allowed this hacking, and to the number of days that the vendor has had to fix them. Vendors who discover the vulnerability may create patches or advise workarounds to mitigate it, though users need to deploy that mitigation to eliminate the vulnerability in their systems. Zero-day attacks are severe threats.
Sosienka
Sosienka was a solitary Scotch pine that grew on Sosienka Hill in the Brzezie district of Racibórz, Poland. Designated a natural monument in 1963, it was vandalized and set on fire in early 2000, leading to its felling by the fire department. Estimated to have lived nearly 200 years, Sosienka was a symbol of Brzezie, featured on the seal of the former Gmina Brzezie in the early 20th century, as well as local organizational emblems. The tree inspired the naming of the hill, surrounding area, and a nearby street, Sosienkowa Street.

Natural monument
A natural monument is a natural or cultural feature of outstanding or unique value because of its inherent rarity, representative of aesthetic qualities, or cultural significance. They can be natural geological and geographical features such as waterfalls, cliffs, craters, fossil, sand dunes, rock forms, valleys and coral reefs. Locations important to faith groups may be considered natural monuments. Archeological and historical sites linked to the natural environment are also included, such as cave art. This is especially true when relevant to the land of Indigenous Peoples.
1976 United States House of Representatives elections in New Mexico
The 1976 United States House of Representatives election in New Mexico was held on Tuesday November 2, 1976 to elect the state's two representatives to serve in the 95th United States Congress.

Both districts retained their partisan control with The Democrats retaining the 2nd district and Republicans holding on to the 1st District. This made the state's delegation stay evenly split as it had been since 1970.

1970 United States House of Representatives elections in New Mexico
The 1970 United States House of Representatives election in New Mexico was held on Tuesday November 3, 1970 to elect the state's two representatives to serve in the United States House of Representatives.

Republicans retained the 1st District while Democrats flipped the 2nd District. This made the state's delegation evenly split.
1992 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 1992 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 98th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board since 1887. The championship began on 4 July 1992 and ended on 11 October 1992.

Ballyhale Shamrocks were the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Clara at the quarter-final stage. Graignamanagh were relegated from the championship after seven seasons.

On 11 October 1992, Glenmore won the championship after a 1–14 to 2–06 defeat of Tullaroan in the final. It was their third championship title overall and their first title in two championship seasons.

Glenmore's Ray Heffernan was the championship's top scorer with 1-32.

1991 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 1991 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 97th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board since 1887. The championship began on 20 April 1991 and ended on 13 October 1991.

Glenmore were the defending champions, however, they were beaten by St. Martin's at the semi-final stage.

On 13 October 1991, Ballyhale Shamrocks won the championship after a 3–16 to 1–08 defeat of St. Martin's in the final. It was their ninth championship title overall and their first title in two championship seasons.