hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shangdi
Shangdi (Chinese: 上帝; pinyin: Shàngdì; Wade–Giles: Shang4 Ti4), also called simply Di (Chinese: 帝; pinyin: Dì; lit. 'Lord'), is the name of the Chinese Highest Deity or "Lord Above" in the theology of the classical texts, especially deriving from Shang theology and finding an equivalent in the later Tiān ("Heaven" or "Great Whole") of Zhou theology.

Although the use of "Tian" to refer to the absolute God of the universe is predominant in Chinese religion today, "Shangdi" continues to be used in a variety of traditions, including certain philosophical schools, certain strains of Chinese Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, some Chinese salvationist religions (notably Yiguandao) and Chinese Protestant Christianity. In addition, it is commonly used by contemporary Chinese (both mainland and overseas) and by religious and secular groups in East Asia, as a name of a singular universal deity and as a non-religious translation for God in Abrahamic religions.

Four Books and Five Classics
The Four Books and Five Classics are authoritative and important books associated with Confucianism, written before 300 BC.  They are traditionally believed to have been either written, edited or commented by Confucius or one of his disciples. Starting in the Han dynasty, they became the core of the Chinese classics on which students were tested in the Imperial examination system.
Scientific misconduct
Scientific misconduct refers to violations of ethical and professional standards in research, including fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, and other practices that compromise the integrity of the design, conduct, analysis, reporting, or publication of scientific or research findings.

Academic bias
Academic bias is the bias or perceived bias in academia shaping research and the scientific community. Academic bias can involve discrimination based on race, sex, religion, ideology or protected group.

One study sent a questionnaire to students and staff in a range of American universities. 44% of undergraduates and 27% of professors claimed that they had witnessed overt biases within the classroom. Respondents claimed that bias was directed at individuals because of their sexual orientation, ethnicity, race, sex, religion and class. The types of bias witnessed involved stereotyping, offensive humour, social isolation, slurs and insults.
1955 Campeón de Campeones
The 1955 Campeón de Campeones was the 14th edition of the Campeón de Campeones, an annual football super cup match since its inception in 1942, and the 13th held in the professional era of Mexican football. The match was played at Estadio Olímpico de la Ciudad de los Deportes on 10 March 1955 between the 1954–55 Mexican Primera División winners Zacatepec and the 1954–55 Copa México winners América.

1954–55 Copa México
The 1954–55 Copa México was the 39th edition of the Copa México and the 12th staging in the professional era.

The competition started on February 5, 1955, and concluded on March 6, 1955, with the Final, held at the Estadio Olímpico de la Ciudad de los Deportes in Mexico City, in which América defeated Guadalajara 1–0.
Black people in Cambridge
The history of black people in Cambridge, UK cannot easily be separated from the history of the University of Cambridge. The university has attracted students from Africa and the African diaspora to the town of Cambridge for more than two centuries. Several notable black people had a Cambridge association in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and at the end of the eighteenth century Cambridge became a centre of abolitionist sentiment. From the end of the nineteenth century the university started to admit black students in larger numbers. In recent decades, however, the relatively low number of black students admitted to the university has become a topic of media comment and public concern.

The lives of Cambridge-born black people are less fully documented than those of Cambridge students. In the 2011 census 1.7% of people were Black British, and 1.0% of mixed ethnicity with black ancestry.

Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Gonville and Caius College, commonly known as Caius (/kiːz/ KEEZ), is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1348 by Edmund Gonville, it is the fourth-oldest of the University of Cambridge's 31 colleges and one of the wealthiest. In 1557, it was refounded by John Caius, an alumnus and English physician.

The college has been attended by many students who have gone on to significant accomplishment, including fifteen Nobel Prize winners, the second-largest number of any Oxbridge college.

Several streets in the city, including Harvey Road, Glisson Road, and Gresham Road, are named after Gonville and Caius alumni. The college and its masters have been influential in the development of the university, including in the founding of other colleges, including Trinity Hall and Darwin College and providing land on Sidgwick Site on which the Faculty of Law was built.
Nancy Tappan
Nancy Tappan was the co-editor of the newsletter Personal Survival ("P.S.") Letter in the late 1970s and early 1980s.  She  is now the editor of The New Pioneer magazine.  Born Nancy Mack, she is the widow of Mel Tappan.

Dean Ing
Dean Charles Ing (June 17, 1931 – July 21, 2020) was an American author, who usually wrote in the science fiction and techno-thriller genres. His novel The Ransom of Black Stealth One (1989) was a New York Times bestseller.   He wrote more than 30 novels, and co-authored novels with his friends Jerry Pournelle, S. M. Stirling, and Leik Myrabo. Following the death of science fiction author Mack Reynolds in 1983, Ing was asked to finish several of Reynolds' uncompleted manuscripts.

Ing was a United States Air Force veteran (where he served as a USAF interceptor crew chief), a former aerospace engineer, and a university professor who held a doctorate in communications theory. He was a former member of the Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy.
Promise David
Promise Oluwatobi Emmanuel David Akinpelu (born July 3, 2001), known as Promise David, is a Canadian professional soccer player who plays as a striker for Belgian Pro League club Union SG and the Canada national team.

2021–22 Maltese FA Trophy
The 2021–22 Maltese FA Trophy, officially named IZIBET FA Trophy due to sponsorship reasons, is the 84th edition of the football cup competition, the FA Trophy. The winners of the Maltese FA Trophy will earn a place in the first qualifying round of the 2022–23 UEFA Europa Conference League. The first round of games started on 7 December 2021.

There was no winner of the previous cup because the Malta FA Executive Committee cancelled the competition due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Malta.
1920 MAFA season
The 1920 MAFA season was the 25th season of the Metropolitan Amateur Football Association (MAFA), an Australian rules football competition played in the state of Victoria. The season began on 15 May and concluded sometime in September, comprising a 13-match home-and-away season, followed by a one-week finals series.

Elsternwick won the MAFA premiership for the first time, while Collegians finished as runners-up.

This was the first MAFA season to be held following World War I, which had forced the curtailing of the 1915 season and the cancellation of the 1916, 1917, 1918 and 1919 seasons.

Collegians Football Club
Collegians Football Club, nicknamed the Lions, is an Australian rules football club based in the Melbourne suburb of Albert Park.

Formed in 1892, it is the second-oldest club in the Victorian Amateur Football Association (VAFA), after Melbourne University Football Club, although Collegians is the only present-day club that competed in the inaugural VAFA season.

As of 2024, the club's men's and women's teams both compete in the Premier Division of the VAFA and VAFA Women's (VAFAW) respectively.
Buxus harlandii
Buxus harlandii, the Harland boxwood, is a species of flowering plant in the family Buxaceae. It is native to coastal southeast China, from Hong Kong and other Guangdong islands down to Hainan, and to Vietnam. Care must be taken when purchasing, as many specimens labeled Buxus harlandii are actually Buxus microphylla.

Buxus microphylla
Buxus microphylla, the Japanese box or littleleaf box, is a species of flowering plant in the box family 
found in Japan and Taiwan. It is a dwarf evergreen shrub or small tree growing to 1 m (3.3 ft) tall and wide.
Framework-specific modeling language
A framework-specific modeling language (FSML) is a kind of domain-specific modeling language which is designed for an  object-oriented application framework.

FSMLs define framework-provided abstractions as FSML concepts and decompose the abstractions into features.  The features represent implementation steps or choices.

A FSML concept can be configured by selecting features and providing values for features. 
Such a concept configuration represents how the concept should be implemented in the code.  In other words, concept configuration describes how the framework should be completed in order to create the implementation of the concept.

Model-driven engineering
Model-driven engineering (MDE) is a software development methodology that focuses on creating and exploiting domain models, which are conceptual models of all the topics related to a specific problem. Hence, it highlights and aims at abstract representations of the knowledge and activities that govern a particular application domain, rather than the computing (i.e. algorithmic) concepts.

MDE is a subfield of a software design approach referred as round-trip engineering. The scope of the MDE is much wider than that of the Model-Driven Architecture.
VK 45.01 (P)
The VK 45.01 (P), also informally known as Tiger (P) or Porsche Tiger, was a heavy tank prototype designed by Porsche in Germany. With a dual engine gasoline-electric drive that was complex and requiring significant amounts of copper, it lost out to its Henschel competitor on trials, it was not selected for mass production and the Henschel design was produced as the Tiger I. Most of the already produced chassis were rebuilt as Elefant Panzerjäger tank destroyers.

V10 engine
A V10 engine is a ten-cylinder piston engine where two banks of five cylinders are arranged in a V configuration around a common crankshaft.  V10 engines are much less common than V8 and V12 engines. Several V10 diesel engines have been produced since 1965, and V10 petrol engines for road cars were first produced in 1992 with the release of the Dodge Viper.
1985 Winston 500
The 1985 Winston 500 was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series racing event that took place on May 5, 1985, at Alabama International Motor Speedway in Talladega, Alabama as race number 9 of 28 of the 1985 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season.

Prior to this event, two-time Winston Cup champion Darrell Waltrip complained to NASCAR about how Bill Elliott was ruining the parity of the sport and he needed to be slowed down. As a result, NASCAR raised the height of the Ford vehicles by half an inch. The roof of the GM race cars was lowered by the same amount in order to improve their speed performance.

1985 NASCAR Winston Cup Series
The 1985 NASCAR Winston Cup Series was the 37th season of professional stock car racing in the United States and the 14th modern-era Cup series season. The season began on Sunday, February 10 and ended on Sunday, November 17. Darrell Waltrip, driving for Junior Johnson, was crowned champion (for the third time in his career) at the end of the season. Bill Elliott, driving for Harry Melling, had won 11 races in 1985 (as well as the Winston Million), but lost the title by 101 points to three-time race winner Waltrip. This was the first season where all races were televised in some form.
Umbundu
Umbundu, also known as Angolan, South Mbundu (autonym úmbúndú), one of many Bantu languages, is the most widely-spoken autochthonous language of Angola. Its speakers are known as Ovimbundu and are an ethnic group constituting a third of Angola's population. Their homeland is the Central Highlands of Angola and the coastal region west of these highlands, including the cities of Benguela and Lobito. Because of recent internal migration, there are now also large communities in the capital Luanda and its surrounding province, as well as in Lubango.

Ovimbundu
The Ovimbundu, also known as the Southern Mbundu, are a Bantu ethnic group who live on the Bié Plateau of central Angola and in the coastal strip west of these highlands.  As the largest ethnic group in Angola, they make up 38 percent of the country's population. Overwhelmingly the Ovimbundu follow Christianity, mainly the Igreja Evangélica Congregacional de Angola (IECA), founded by American missionaries, and the Catholic Church. However, some still retain beliefs and practices from African traditional religions.
Much Birch
Much Birch is a village and civil parish in Herefordshire, England, between Hereford and Ross-on-Wye. The village had a population of 911 as of the 2011 census.

The village extends for about 1.5 miles (2 km) along the A49, a busy trunk road running from the border with South Wales to North West England. Nearby are the settlements Kings Thorn, Much Birch, and Wormelow. Also nearby is the Wye Valley.

The church of St Mary and St Thomas of Canterbury, designed by Thomas Foster, dates from 1837. The chancel ceiling is painted with cherubs peeping over clouds. The Poor Clares order of nuns has a convent in Much Birch.

Ross-on-Wye
Ross-on-Wye is a market town and civil parish in Herefordshire, England, near the border with Wales. It had a population estimated at 10,978 in 2021. It lies in the south-east of the county, on the River Wye and on the northern edge of the Forest of Dean.
A7 road (Zimbabwe)
A7 Road is a national road in Zimbabwe that connects Bulawayo with the Plumtree Border Post with Botswana. It is popularly known as the Bulawayo-Plumtree Road. The A7 is part of Trans-Africa Highway 4 (Cairo–Cape Town Highway). It is one of the two routes that form the R2 Route, which connects the Plumtree Border with Harare.

Marula, Zimbabwe
Marula is a small village and railway station on the railway line and the A7 road between Bulawayo and Plumtree, located 75 km from Bulawayo. Because of its location on the railway line, Marula started as a social and religious centre for the surrounding farms in the early colonial period, following the eviction of the Kalanga people from the area by the British South Africa Company.
Gaia Blu
Gaia Blu (formerly RV Falkor) is an oceanographic research vessel operated by the National Research Council of Italy. It concluded its first scientific expedition under this name on the 9th of December 2023.

Research vessel
A research vessel (RV or R/V) is a ship or boat designed, modified, or equipped to carry out research at sea. Research vessels carry out a number of roles which can be combined into a single vessel but others require a dedicated vessel. Due to the demanding nature of the work, research vessels may be constructed around an icebreaker hull, allowing them to operate in polar waters.
Gornji Kraljevec, Međimurje County
Gornji Kraljevec (Hungarian: Felsőkirályfalva) is a village in Međimurje County, Croatia.

The village is part of the Vratišinec municipality. It is located in the northern part of Međimurje County, around 10 kilometres from the centre of Čakovec, the county seat. It is mainly surrounded by agricultural fields, with other nearby villages including Krištanovec and Sivica.

The population of Gornji Kraljevec in the 2011 census was 592. It also includes the population of the hamlet of Remis, located approximately a kilometre outside Gornji Kraljevec, on the road connecting the village with Sivica.

Čakovec
Čakovec (Croatian pronunciation: [tʃâkoʋets]; Hungarian: Csáktornya; Latin: Aquama; German: Tschakathurn) is a city in Northern Croatia, located around 90 kilometres (56 miles) north of Zagreb, the Croatian capital, and close to the borders with Slovenia and Hungary. Čakovec is both the county seat and the largest city of Međimurje County, the northernmost, smallest and most densely populated Croatian county. It is situated centrally in the lowland part of the region, along the Trnava river.
Boduan
Boduan is a village in Gwynedd, Wales, about 4 miles from Pwllheli. It is in the historic county of Caernarfonshire. It was due to host the National Eisteddfod in 2021 but due to the COVID-19 pandemic, instead it hosted the 2023 edition.

Garn Boduan, a hillfort built soon after Roman occupation, is located in the village. Plas Boduan is an 18th-century Grade II listed house, set in a park dating from the 19th century which is designated Grade II on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.

Garn Boduan
Garn Boduan is an Iron Age hillfort and hill near Nefyn, on the Llŷn Peninsula in Wales.

In a survey in the 1950s the traces of over 170 round houses were identified on this site, and around 100 round houses are still visible on the ground. Between 100 and 400 people may have lived in this fort. The lower stone rampart is the original defence built in the Iron Age. At a later date, perhaps in the 6th/7th century AD, a smaller rampart was built on the eastern side.
General-purpose bomb
A general-purpose bomb is an air-dropped bomb intended as a compromise between blast damage, penetration, and fragmentation in explosive effect. They are designed to be effective against enemy troops, vehicles, and buildings.

Fighter-bomber
A fighter-bomber is a fighter aircraft that has been modified, or used primarily, as a light bomber or attack aircraft. It differs from bomber and attack aircraft primarily in its origins, as a fighter that has been adapted into other roles, whereas bombers and attack aircraft are developed specifically for bombing and attack roles.

Although still used, the term fighter-bomber has less significance since the introduction of rockets and guided missiles into aerial warfare. Modern aircraft with similar duties are now typically called multirole combat aircraft or strike fighters.
Ahuachapán
Ahuachapán (Spanish pronunciation: [awatʃaˈpan]) is a city, district, and the capital of the Ahuachapán Department in western El Salvador. The district, including the city, covers an area of 244.84 km2 and as of 2007 has a population of 110,511 people. Situated near the Guatemalan border, it is the westernmost city in the country and is the center of an agricultural region producing primarily coffee.

Ahuachapán is the site of a geothermal power plant and a hydroelectric station. The local geothermal activity produces many steam vents, visible throughout the surrounding mountains.

Among other things, Ahuachapan is also the birthplace of notable Salvadoran poet Alfredo Espino and is about an hour's drive from the national wildlife park El Imposible.

Apaneca
Apaneca is a district in the Ahuachapán Department of El Salvador.

It has an area of 45.13 square kilometers. Its population is of 8,597 inhabitants (Estimated 2006). The municipality is divided in 7 cantons:

El Saltillal

Palo Verde

Quezalapa

San Ramoncito

Taltapanca

Tizapa

Tulapa
National Gang Center
The National Gang Center (NGC) is a coordinated project of three federal agencies, the Office of Justice Programs (OJP), Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA), and the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP).

In the agency's statement on its website, it concedes that gang activities go beyond ages of gang members.  The statement also says that the agency's strategies vary from prevention to intervention, suppression.

Office of Justice Programs
The Office of Justice Programs (OJP) is an agency of the United States Department of Justice that focuses on crime prevention through research and development, assistance to state, local, and tribal criminal justice agencies, including law enforcement, corrections, and juvenile justice through grants and assistance to crime victims.

The Office of Justice Programs is headed by an Assistant Attorney General. Brent Cohen is the Acting Assistant Attorney General.  OJP's Assistant Attorney General is responsible for the overall management and oversight of the office.
Light dressed state
In the fields of atomic, molecular, and optical science, the term light dressed state refers to a quantum state of an atomic or molecular system interacting with a laser light
in terms of the Floquet picture, i.e. roughly like an atom or a molecule plus a photon. The Floquet picture is based on the Floquet theorem in differential equations with periodic coefficients.

Quantum state
In quantum physics, a quantum state is a mathematical entity that represents a physical system. Quantum mechanics specifies the construction, evolution, and measurement of a quantum state. Knowledge of the quantum state, and the rules for the system's evolution in time, exhausts all that can be known about a quantum system.

Quantum states are either pure or mixed, and have several possible representations. Pure quantum states are commonly represented as a vector in a Hilbert space. Mixed states are statistical mixtures of pure states and cannot be represented as vectors on that Hilbert space, and instead are commonly represented as density matrices.

Common examples of quantum states are the wave functions describing position and momentum, finite-dimensional vectors describing spin such as the singlet, and states describing many-body quantum systems in a Fock space.
Shalini Moghe
Shalini Moghe (1914 - 2011) was an Indian educationist, social worker and the founder of Kasturba Kanya School for tribal children and Bal Niketan Sangh, the first Montessori school in the state of Madhya Pradesh. She was the chairperson of the Bharatiya Grameen Mahila Sangh, Indore, a national level non governmental organization working for the welfare and education of the disabled, orphans, under privileged and the economically weaker sections of the society and was involved with other Indore-based educational institutions such as Prestige Public School and Pragya Girls School. A winner of the Jamnalal Bajaj Award in 1992, she was honoured by the Government of India in 1968, with the award of Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award for her contributions to the society.

Jhabua district
Jhabua district (Hindi pronunciation: [d͡ʒʱaːbʊaː]) is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The town of Jhabua is the administrative headquarters of the district.Jhabua district is located western part of Madhya Pradesh.
Hung Hom Estate
Hung Hom Estate (Chinese: 紅磡邨) is a public housing estate in Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong. The estate is built on a hill along Dyer Avenue and next to Whampoa Estate, Whampoa Garden and MTR Whampoa station. It now consists of five residential buildings completed in two stages in 1999 and 2011 respectively.

Hung Hom
Hung Hom (紅磡, Cantonese pronunciation: [hȍŋ hɐ̄m]) is an area in the southeast of Kowloon Peninsula, Hong Kong. Including the areas of Whampoa, Tai Wan, Hok Yuen, Lo Lung Hang and No. 12 Hill are administratively part of the Kowloon City District, with a portion west of Hung Hom Bay in the Yau Tsim Mong District. Hung Hom serves mainly residential purposes, but it is mixed with some industrial buildings in the north.