hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zilwaukee Township, Michigan
Zilwaukee Township is a civil township of Saginaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The population was 62 at the 2020 census, which ranks the township the fourth-least populated municipality in the state of Michigan after Pointe Aux Barques Township, Grand Island Township, and West Branch Township.

The city of Zilwaukee is southwest of the township, but the two are administered separately.  The township is home to the Crow Island State Game Area, which covers a large portion of the township's area.

Grand Island Township, Michigan
Grand Island Township is a civil township of Alger County in the U.S. state of Michigan.

Located along the shores of Lake Superior, the township includes Grand Island, which is designated as the Grand Island National Recreation Area. The township also includes a small portion of the nearby mainland where most of its residents reside along M-28 just north of the city of Munising. At the 2020 census, the township population was 35, which ranked Grand Island Township as the second-least populated municipality in the state after Pointe Aux Barques Township.
Antiprism graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, an antiprism graph is a graph that has one of the antiprisms as its skeleton. An n-sided antiprism has 2n vertices and 4n edges. They are regular, polyhedral (and therefore by necessity also 3-vertex-connected, vertex-transitive, and planar graphs), and also Hamiltonian graphs.

Polyhedral graph
In geometric graph theory, a branch of mathematics, a polyhedral graph is the undirected graph formed from the vertices and edges of a convex polyhedron. Alternatively, in purely graph-theoretic terms, the polyhedral graphs are the 3-vertex-connected, planar graphs. The analogue concept for polytopes of general dimension are the polytopal graphs.
Cape Solander
Cape Solander is a line of cliffs, located near the town of Kurnell, New South Wales, situated in the Kamay Botany Bay National Park. The location is known for whale watching, the whale species to be seen including the humpback whale, southern right whale, and the grey whale.

Fatalities caused by falling from the cliffs have occurred at this location.

Cape Baily Light
Cape Baily Light is an active lighthouse located at Cape Baily, a headland at the south side of the entrance to Botany Bay, New South Wales, Australia. The light serves to help north-bound shipping hug the coast to avoid the strong southerly currents further out to sea.
Richard Birde (MP for Winchester)
Richard Birde (died after 1595), of Winchester, Hampshire, was an English politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Winchester in 1571. He was Mayor of Winchester 1571–72, 1577–78 and 1584–85.

Mayor of Winchester
The Office of Mayor of Winchester is the second oldest mayoralty in England, dating back to the period when Winchester was the capital of Wessex and England. The Mayor of Winchester thus stands second only to the Lord Mayor of the City of London in the order of precedence of civic heads.

Winchester is one of just five local authorities in England to have an official residence for its Mayor. Abbey House was built in about 1700 and sited in the Abbey Gardens just off The Broadway in Winchester. It was acquired by the City Council in 1889. The house stands on the site of a monastic establishment known as Nunnaminster and later as St Mary's Abbey, which was founded around AD900 by Alfred's Queen Ealhswith. The Abbey survived until the late 1530s when it was formally surrendered to the Crown as part of the Dissolution of the Monasteries.
Thraso
Thraso (Greek: Θράσων, Thrásо̄n) was an Indo-Greek king in Central and Western Punjab, unknown until the 1982 discovery of one of his coins by R. C. Senior in the Surana hoard. The coin is in a style similar to those of Menander I, has the same type of Athena, and shares one of Menander's mint marks. On the coin, the title of Thraso is Basileus Megas ("Great King"), a title which only Eucratides the Great had dared take before him and which is seemingly misplaced on the young boy Thraso, whose single preserved coin indicates a small and insignificant reign.

Osmund Bopearachchi suggests a preliminary dating of 95–80 BC, but Senior himself concludes that Thraso was the son and heir of Menander (c. 155–130 BC), since his coin was not worn and was found in a hoard with only earlier coins.

It seems as though the child was briefly raised to the throne in the turmoil following the death of Menander, by a general who thought the grandiloquent title might strengthen his case.

Eucratides I
Eucratides I (Ancient Greek: Εὐκρατίδης, Eukratídēs; Pali: Evukratida; reigned 172/171–145 BC), also known as Eucratides the Great, was one of the most important Greco-Bactrian kings. He conquered large parts of northern India, and minted a vast and prestigious coinage, suggesting a rule of considerable importance and prosperity. His immediate successors were the last Greek kings to rule in Bactria.
Bel Kyesang Dongtsab
Bel Kyesang Dongtsab (Tibetan: འབལ་སྐྱེས་ཟང་སྡོང་ཚབ, Wylie: vbal skyes zang ldong tshab; ? – 755), also known as Bel Dongtsab, was a general of the Tibetan Empire.

Bel Dongtsab invaded Bruzha (modern Gilgit in Pakistan) in 737 and conquered it. Later, he was appointed as the Lönchen by Me Agtsom.

Bel Dongtsab murdered Me Agtsom in 755, and launched a rebellion together with his colleague Lang Nyesig. They were supported by the Sumpa king Dro Tsen. Dongtsab was defeated by two famous generals, Chimshang Gyalsig Shuteng and Nganlam Takdra Lukhong, and was captured. He was executed together with Lang Nyesig and their family members.

Mé Aktsom
Tridé Tsuktsen (Tibetan: ཁྲི་ལྡེ་གཙུག་བཙན, Wylie: khri lde gtsug btsan), nicknamed Mé Aktsom (Tibetan: མེས་ཨག་ཚོམས, Wylie: mes ag tshoms, "Bearded Grandfather"), was the 37th King (Tsenpo) of Tibet from 704 to 755. He was son of Tridu Songtsen and Tsenma Toktokteng (Tibetan: བཙན་མ་ཐོག་ཐོག་སྟེང, Wylie: btsan ma thog thog steng). His nickname Mé Aktsom ("Bearded Grandfather"), was given to him later in life because he was so hirsute.

His father, Tridu Songtsen, died in 704 in battle in Mywa territory in the Kingdom of Nanzhao (Wylie: 'jang, modern lowland Yunnan). The Old Book of Tang states he was on his way to suppress tributary kingdoms on the southern borders of Tibet, including Nepal and parts of India.

There was a dispute among his sons but "after a long time" the people put seven-year-old Tridé Tsuktsen on the throne.
Prenanthes
Prenanthes is a genus of plant in the family Asteraceae, often referred to as rattlesnake root.

Molecular analysis in 2009 revealed that the genus as traditionally envisioned was polyphyletic, meaning that it is a conglomeration of species not closely related to one another. The genus formerly included species now placed in Aetheorhiza, Askellia, Brickellia, Chondrilla, Crepidiastrum, Crepis, Emilia, Erythroseris, Faberia, Hololeion, Hypochaeris, Ixeris, Lactuca, Lapsanastrum, Launaea, Lygodesmia, Nabalus, Notoseris, Paraprenanthes, Parasenecio, Picrosia, Sonchella, Sonchus, Soroseris, Stephanomeria, Trixis, and Youngia.

Lapsanastrum
Lapsanastrum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to East Asia (China, Korea, Japan).

Species

Lapsanastrum apogonoides (Maxim.) Pak & K.Bremer - Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Japan, Korea; naturalized in Oregon

Lapsanastrum humile (Thunb.) Pak & K.Bremer - Anhui, Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Japan, Korea

Lapsanastrum takasei (Sasaki) Pak & K.Bremer - Taiwan

Lapsanastrum uncinatum (Stebbins) Pak & K.Bremer - Anhui
Research Integrity Risk Index
Research Integrity Risk Index (RI²) is a diagnostic, bibliometric framework designed to assess institutional exposure to selected research-integrity-related risks. Developed in 2025 by Lokman Meho (لقمان محّو), a professor and University Librarian at the American University of Beirut, RI² is presented as complementary to conventional global university rankings, which primarily emphasize publication volume and citation counts. RI² evaluates universities using three institution-level bibliometric indicators associated with integrity risk signals in scholarly publishing: retracted journal articles, publications in journals that were subsequently delisted from major bibliographic databases, and institutional self-citation patterns. The framework emerged amid broader debates over the limitations of citation- and volume-based ranking methodologies in capturing research integrity-related risks.

Coercive citation
Coercive citation is an academic publishing practice in which an editor or referee of a scientific or academic journal forces an author to add spurious citations to an article before the journal will agree to publish it. This is done to inflate the journal's impact factor, thus artificially boosting the journal's scientific reputation. Manipulation of impact factors and self-citation has long been frowned upon in academic circles; however, the results of a 2012 survey indicate that about 20% of academics working in economics, sociology, psychology, and multiple business disciplines have experienced coercive citation. Individual cases have also been reported in other disciplines.
Thanh Hóa province
Thanh Hóa is the northernmost coastal province in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam. It borders Sơn La, Hòa Bình, and Ninh Bình to the north, Nghệ An to the south, Laos to the west with a boundary of over 192 kilometres (119 mi) long, and the South China Sea (Gulf of Tonkin) to the east.

Sơn La province
Sơn La is a province nestled in the Northwestern region of Vietnam.

In 2018, Sơn La ranked 31st among Vietnam's administrative units in terms of population, 40th in Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), 49th in GRDP per capita, and 63rd in GRDP growth rate. With a population of 1,242,700 people, its GRDP reached 47.223 trillion VND (approximately 2.0509 billion USD), GRDP per capita was 38 million VND (around 1,650 USD), and the GRDP growth rate was 5.59%. Sơn La is also the largest province by area in Northern Vietnam.
Woodbridge Farmstead
The Woodbridge Farmstead is a historic house at 495 Middle Turnpike East in Manchester, Connecticut.  Built about 1835, it is a well-preserved example of a Greek Revival farmhouse, with a history of ownership by a single family extending over more than 150 years.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

Manchester, Connecticut
Manchester is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Capitol Planning Region. As of the 2020 census, the town had a total population of 59,713. The urban center of the town is the Manchester census-designated place, with a population of 36,379 at the 2020 census. The town is named after Manchester, in England.
Al-Badhan
al-Badhan (Arabic: الباذان) is a Palestinian village in the Nablus Governorate in the North central West Bank, located 7.28 kilometres (4.52 mi) northeast of Nablus, and 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) to the north of Elon Moreh. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the village had a population of 3,171 inhabitants in 2017.

The adjacent valley, Wadi al-Badhan (also known as Wadi Sajour), is a picturesque natural area located 5 km northeast of Nablus on the road leading to the Jordan Valley. The area is characterized by abundant springs and diversity of wildlife. The area is considered one of the most beautiful natural areas in the West Bank and has a nature reserve to preserve wildlife.

At the time of Roman and Byzantine rule, the nearby ruin of Khirbet Ferwe was home to the Samaritan town of Baddan, which was well-known for its pomegranates.

Nablus Governorate
The Nablus Governorate (Arabic: محافظة نابلس, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Nāblus) is an administrative district of Palestine located in the Central Highlands of the West Bank, 53 km north of Jerusalem. It covers the area around the city of Nablus which serves as the muhfaza (seat) of the governorate. The governor of the district is Mahmoud Aloul.
2006 Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr by-election
A by-election for the Islamic Consultative Assembly's constituency Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr was held on 15 December 2006, to fill two vacancies caused by resignation of Davoud Danesh-Jafari and Manouchehr Mottaki, who were appointed as finance and foreign ministers respectively. The voters in Tehran cast their ballots along with the nationwide Assembly of Experts election and the Tehran City Council election.

The two seats went to conservative Hassan Ghafourifard and reformist Soheila Jolodarzadeh, who were placed the first and the second respectively in a plurality-at-large voting system.

Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat, Eslamshahr and Pardis
Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat, Eslamshahr and Pardis (Persian: تهران، ری، شمیرانات، اسلامشهر و پردیس) is a constituency for the Parliament of Iran encompassing the metropolitan area of Tehran and some of its satellite cities.

It has 30 seats, the most among all constituencies nationwide and plays an outsized role in shaping politics nationally, having been described as a "bellwether for elite sentiment in Iran". The constituency's seats have been the most prestigious in the country because it includes the country's capital city, and has had lively press and voters.
Shola Ameobi
Foluwashola "Shola" Ameobilistenⓘ (born 12 October 1981) is a Nigerian former professional footballer who played as a striker.

He spent 14 years at Newcastle United, making 397 official appearances and scoring 79 goals, and received a winner's medal when they won the Championship in 2010. He has the fifth most appearances as a substitute in the Premier League. On leaving Newcastle in 2014, he briefly represented Gaziantep BB in Turkey, before brief spells at Crystal Palace, Bolton Wanderers, Fleetwood Town, and Notts County.

Born in Nigeria but raised in England, Ameobi was capped by the England under-21 team before making his Nigeria debut in 2012 and representing them at the 2014 FIFA World Cup.

2009–10 Football League Championship
The 2009–10 Football League Championship (known as the Coca-Cola Championship for sponsorship reasons) was the sixth season of the league under its current title and eighteenth season under its current league division format. It started on 7 August 2009.
2024 Challenger Concepción
The 2024 Challenger Concepción was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Concepción, Chile between 22 and 28 April 2024.

2024 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2024 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2024 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 207 tournaments with prize money ranging from $41,000 up to $225,500. It was the 47th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 16th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Birštonas
Birštonas (pronunciationⓘ) is a balneological resort and a spa town in Lithuania situated 30 km (19 mi) south of Kaunas on the right bank of the Nemunas River.

Birštonas received its town rights 1529 and was appointed a town in 1966. The town is the administrative centre of the Birštonas municipality.

Sanatorium
A sanatorium (from Latin sānāre 'to heal'), also sanitarium or sanitorium, is a historic name for a specialised hospital for the treatment of specific diseases, related ailments, and convalescence.

Sanatoria were often in a healthy climate, usually in the countryside. The idea of healing was an important reason for the historical wave of establishments of sanatoria, especially at the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The most common issue treated at sanatoria was tuberculosis (before the discovery of antibiotics). Some sanatoria also treated alcoholism as well as hysteria, masturbation, fatigue and emotional exhaustion. Facility operators were often charitable associations, such as the Order of St. John and the newly founded social welfare insurance companies.

Sanatoria should not be confused with the Russian sanatoria from the time of the Soviet Union, which were a type of sanatorium resort residence for workers.
2016 NCAA Division I women's golf championship
The 2016 NCAA Division I Women's Golf Championship was contested May 20–25 at Eugene Country Club in Eugene, Oregon. It was the 35th annual tournament to establish the national champions of the 2016 season in NCAA Division I women's collegiate golf. The tournament was hosted by the University of Oregon. There were both team and individual championships.

This was the second time, following the previous year, that the men's and women's Division I golf tournaments were played at the same location; the 2016 NCAA Division I Men's Golf Championship was held in Eugene after the women's championship from May 27 to June 1.

NCAA Division I women's golf championship
The NCAA Division I Women's Golf Championship, played in the month of May, is the annual competition in women's collegiate golf for individuals and teams from universities in Division I. Golf was one of twelve women's sports added to the NCAA championship program for the 1981-82 school year. From its inception through 2014, it was a stroke play team competition with an additional individual award. Beginning in 2015, after 72 holes of stroke play, the top eight teams play in single-elimination match play to determine the team champion.

Many individual winners have gone on to have successful careers on the LPGA Tour, including 1991 champion Annika Sörenstam and 1999 champion Grace Park.

The Division I competition started in 1982. A combined Division II and Division III championship was held from 1996 to 1999, splitting into separate championships starting in 2000.
Mauldslie Castle West Lodge
Mauldslie Castle West Lodge is a 19th-century gatehouse in Dalserf, South Lanarkshire, Scotland. A Category A listed building, it was completed in 1861, believed to be the work of David Bryce.

The adjoining Mauldslie Bridge, a separate listing, was built for James Hogier, of Newlands, to serve Mauldslie Castle, built by Thomas, 5th Earl of Hyndford, in 1793. The castle was demolished in 1935. A seated-dog motif above the gate, which appears with an inscription of "Aye Ready", can also be found in the garden of the Marna gate lodge, to the south. That also is a listed structure.

Hogier's initials appear on the eastern elevation of the gatehouse.

Gatehouse
A gatehouse is a type of fortified gateway, an entry control point building, enclosing or accompanying a gateway for a town, religious house, castle, manor house, or other fortification building of importance. Gatehouses are typically the most heavily armed section of a fortification, to compensate for being structurally the weakest and the most probable attack point by an enemy. There are numerous surviving examples in France, Austria, Germany, England and Japan.
Robert Livingston the Elder
Robert Livingston the Elder (13 December 1654 – 1728) was a Scottish-born merchant and government official in the Province of New York. He was granted a patent to 160,000 acres (650 km2/ 250 sq mi) of land along the Hudson River, becoming the first lord of Livingston Manor.

Clermont State Historic Site
The Clermont State Historic Site, also known as the Clermont estate, the Clermont Manor or just Clermont,  is a New York State Historic Site in southwestern Columbia County, New York, United States. It protects
the former estate of the Livingston family, seven generations of whom lived on the site over more than two centuries.
Red FM (Australia)
Red FM was a commercial radio network covering regional Western Australia. Formerly only broadcasting to mine sites, Red FM later covered every town north of Perth and following the re-branding of WAFM, included the major centres of Broome, Port Hedland, Karratha and Geraldton. Red FM was a part of the Redwave Media Group owned by Seven West Media and targeted 18 to 39 year-old listeners with a contemporary hit radio format. Red FM operated under the Australian radio callsigns 6RED, 6HED, 6FMS and 6GGG.

Seven West Media
Seven West Media Limited was an Australian diversified media business, with an extensive presence in broadcast television, radio, print and online publishing.

Seven West Media owned the Seven Network, Australia's second-largest commercial television network (by audience and advertising market share). It also owned The West Australian, The Sunday Times and the Community Newspaper Group.

Seven Group Holdings Ltd (SGH), a company controlled by Australian Capital Equity, was Seven West Media's largest shareholder, with over $1 billion in Seven West Media shares and $250 million of Seven West Media convertible preference shares (CPS).

In September 2025, Seven West Media and Southern Cross Media Group announced their intention to merge. The merger was completed on 7 January 2026.
Kleinsendelbach
Kleinsendelbach is a municipality in the district of Forchheim in Bavaria in Germany. It is located about 17 Kilometers south of the town of Forchheim and 15 Kilometers to the east of the city of Erlangen, and is part of the administration community Dormitz.

Forchheim
Forchheim (German pronunciation: [ˈfɔʁçhaɪm] ⓘ) is a town in Upper Franconia (German: Oberfranken) in northern Bavaria, and also the seat of the administrative district of Forchheim. Forchheim is a former royal city, and is sometimes called the Gateway to the Franconian Switzerland, referring to the region of outstanding natural beauty to the north east of the town. Nowadays Forchheim is most famous for its ten day long beer and music festival (Annafest) which takes place in late July in an idyllic wooded hillside, home to 24 beer gardens, on the outskirts of the town. Forchheim's population, as of December 2013, was 30,705, and its land area is 44.95 square kilometres (17.36 square miles). Its position is 49° 44' N, 11° 04' E and its elevation is 265 metres (869 feet) above sea level.
Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis
Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a group of familial cholestatic conditions caused by defects in biliary epithelial transporters.  The clinical presentation usually occurs first in childhood with progressive cholestasis. This usually leads to failure to thrive, cirrhosis, and the need for liver transplantation.

Bile
Bile (from Latin bilis), also known as gall, is a yellow-green fluid produced by the liver of most vertebrates that aids the digestion of lipids in the small intestine. In humans, bile is primarily composed of water, is produced continuously by the liver, and is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder. After a human eats, this stored bile is discharged into the first section of the small intestine, known as the duodenum through the ampulla of vater in the duodenal wall .
Medium machine gun
A medium machine gun (MMG), in modern terms, usually refers to a belt-fed machine gun firing a full-powered rifle cartridge, and is considered "medium" in weight (15–40 lb or 6.8–18.1 kg).  Medium machine guns are light enough to be infantry-portable (as opposed to a heavy machine gun, which completely relies on mounting onto a weapons platform for operational stability and mobility), but still cumbersome enough to require a crew for optimal operational efficiency (as opposed to a light machine gun, which can be operated to full capacity by only a single gunner).

Hotchkiss M1909 Benét–Mercié machine gun
The Hotchkiss M1909 machine gun was a light machine gun of the early 20th century that was developed and built by Hotchkiss et Cie. It was also known as the Hotchkiss Mark I, Hotchkiss Portative and M1909 Benét–Mercié.