hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Insulated neighborhood
In mammalian biology, insulated neighborhoods  are chromosomal loop structures formed by the physical interaction of two DNA loci bound by the transcription factor CTCF and co-occupied by cohesin. Insulated neighborhoods are thought to be structural and functional units of gene control because their integrity is important for normal gene regulation. Current evidence suggests that these structures form the mechanistic underpinnings of higher-order chromosome structures, including topologically associating domains (TADs). Insulated neighborhoods are functionally important in understanding gene regulation in normal cells and dysregulated gene expression in disease.

Cohesin
Cohesin is a protein complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion, homologous recombination, and DNA looping. Cohesin is formed of SMC3, SMC1, SCC1 and SCC3 (SA1 or SA2 in humans). Cohesin holds sister chromatids together after DNA replication until anaphase when removal of cohesin leads to separation of sister chromatids. The complex forms a ring-like structure and it is believed that sister chromatids are held together by entrapment inside the cohesin ring. Cohesin is a member of the SMC family of protein complexes which includes Condensin, MukBEF and SMC-ScpAB.

Cohesin was separately discovered in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) both by Douglas Koshland and Kim Nasmyth in 1997.
Broad Band
Broad Band: The Untold Story of the Women Who Made the Internet is a nonfiction book by American writer Claire L. Evans published in 2018 by Penguin Putnam Inc. The magazine Inc. named it one of the ten top business books of 2018.

G. P. Putnam's Sons
G. P. Putnam's Sons is an American book publisher based in New York City, New York. The publisher was founded in 1838 and features books by authors such as Renée Ahdieh, C. J. Box, Edgar Allan Poe, and many others. Since 1996, it has been an imprint of the Penguin Group.
Japanese submarine I-10
I-10 was an Imperial Japanese Navy Type A1 submarine that served during World War II. Designed as a submarine aircraft carrier, she was commissioned in 1941 and supported the attack on Pearl Harbor, operated in the Indian Ocean — including support for the 1942 midget submarine attack on Diego Suarez — and in the New Caledonia and New Zealand areas, and took part in the Guadalcanal campaign and Marianas campaign before she was sunk in 1944 during her seventh war patrol.

Submarine aircraft carrier
A submarine aircraft carrier is a submarine equipped with aircraft for observation or attack missions. These submarines saw their most extensive use during World War II, although their operational significance remained rather small. The most famous of them were the Japanese I-400-class submarines and the French submarine Surcouf, although small numbers of similar craft were built for other nations' navies as well.

All operational submarine aircraft carriers, with the exception of the Junsen Type A Mod.2 and Sentoku Types, used their aircraft for reconnaissance and observation. This is in contrast to the typical surface aircraft carrier, whose main function is serving as a base for offensive aircraft.
Keith Hunter (politician)
Keith Hunter is a British politician and former police officer, who is a former Police and Crime Commissioner for Humberside, representing the Labour Party. He was elected to the post on 5 May 2016, succeeding the previous incumbent, Matthew Grove. Hunter spent thirty years with Humberside Police, rising to the rank of Chief Superintendent, where he was divisional commander at Kingston upon Hull. He retired in 2011, but caused controversy prior to his departure after a series of interviews he gave to the Hull Daily Mail in which he was critical of government budget cuts to the police, describing them as the "perfect storm" for rising crime. He sought the Labour candidacy at the 2012 police and crime commissioner elections, but was defeated by former Deputy Prime Minister John Prescott.

Humberside Police and Crime Commissioner
The Humberside Police and Crime Commissioner is the police and crime commissioner, an elected official tasked with setting out the way crime is tackled by Humberside Police in the English Counties of East Riding of Yorkshire and Northern parts of Lincolnshire. The post was created in November 2012, following an election held on 15 November 2012, and replaced the Humberside Police Authority. The current incumbent is Jonathan Evison, who represents the Conservative Party, having retained the position in the May 2024 election.
Sendmail
Sendmail is a general purpose internetwork email routing facility that supports many kinds of mail-transfer and delivery methods, including the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) used for email transport over the Internet.

A descendant of the delivermail program written by Eric Allman, Sendmail is a well-known project of the free and open source software and Unix communities. It has spread both as free software and proprietary software.

O'Reilly Media
O'Reilly Media, Inc. (formerly O'Reilly & Associates) is an American learning company established by Tim O'Reilly that provides technical and professional skills development courses via an online learning platform. O'Reilly also publishes books about programming and other technical content. Its distinctive brand features a woodcut of an animal on many of its book covers. The company was known as a popular tech conference organizer for more than 20 years before closing the live conferences arm of its business.
Oakworth
Oakworth is a village in the civil parish of Keighley, in the Bradford district, in West Yorkshire, England, near Keighley, by the River Worth. The name "Oakworth" indicates that the village was first established in a heavily wooded area.

Oakworth railway station is on the route of the Keighley and Worth Valley Railway and was  a location in the 1968 TV series and 1970 film The Railway Children.

Keighley & Worth Valley Railway
The Keighley & Worth Valley Railway (KWVR) is a 5-mile-long (8 km) heritage railway in the Worth Valley, West Yorkshire, England, which runs from Keighley to Oxenhope. It connects to the National Rail network at Keighley railway station.
123 Reg
123 Reg is a British domain registrar and web hosting company, founded in Britain in 2000 and now under the ultimate ownership of GoDaddy. The company claims to be the UK's largest accredited domain registrar and provides Internet services to small- and medium-sized business. From 2003 to 2017, 123 Reg was part of Host Europe Group (HEG). In April 2017, American hosting company GoDaddy acquired HEG for 1.69 billion euros ($1.82 billion).

Domain name registrar
A domain name registrar is a company, person, or office that manages the reservation of Internet domain names.

A domain name registrar must be accredited by a generic top-level domain (gTLD) registry or a country code top-level domain (ccTLD) registry. A registrar operates in accordance with the guidelines of the designated domain name registries. As of March 2024, there are 2,800 domain name registrars accredited by ICANN.
ISOLDE Decay Station experiment
The ISOLDE Decay Station (IDS) is a permanent experiment located in the ISOLDE facility at CERN. The purpose of the experiment is to measure decay properties of radioactive isotopes using spectroscopy techniques for a variety of applications, including nuclear engineering and astrophysics. The experimental setup has been operational since 2014.

Experiment systems can be coupled to the station for different decay measurements, using techniques such as fast timing, and time-of-flight. The IDS is able to study a range of nuclei, from light to heavy.

Scintillator
A scintillator (/ˈsɪntɪleɪtər/ SIN-til-ay-ter) is a material that exhibits scintillation (also termed radioluminescence), a kind of luminescence, when excited by ionizing radiation. Luminescent materials, when struck by an incoming particle, absorb its energy and scintillate (i.e. re-emit the absorbed energy in the form of light). Sometimes, the excited state is metastable, so the relaxation back down from the excited state to lower states is delayed (necessitating anywhere from a few nanoseconds to hours depending on the material). The process then corresponds to one of two phenomena: delayed fluorescence or phosphorescence. The correspondence depends on the type of transition and hence the wavelength of the emitted optical photon.
Monte Carlo Bonds
The Monte Carlo Bonds were a 1924 Marcel Duchamp work in the form of legal documents, created as bonds, originally intended to be produced in editions of 30. The creation of the work came out of Duchamp's repeated experiments at the Monte Carlo Casino, where he endlessly threw the dice in order to accumulate profit through an excruciatingly gradual process.

Marcel Duchamp
Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp (UK: /ˈdjuːʃɒ̃/, US: /djuːˈʃɒ̃, djuːˈʃɑːmp/; French: [maʁsɛl dyʃɑ̃]; 28 July 1887 – 2 October 1968) was a French American artist, chess player, and inventor who played a key role in the development of the avant-garde in the United States and in New York City, where he spent the last 25 years of his life.

Duchamp was the first artist to elevate a toilet to the status of an art form. By the time of World War I, he had rejected the work of many of his fellow artists (such as Henri Matisse) as "retinal," intended only to please the eye. Instead, he wanted to use art to serve the mind. He is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, as one of the three artists who helped to establish the post-industrial perspective in art history, and  his work is considered the progenitor of Conceptual art.
Midi Mafia
The MIDI Mafia is a music production duo consisting of American Bruce Waynne (born Waynne Jason Nugent) from Brooklyn, New York and Canadian Dirty Swift (born Kevin John Risto) from Ottawa, Ontario. Together as Midi Mafia since 2003, they are most notable for their production of 50 Cent's number-one single "21 Questions". The MIDI Mafia has also produced for artists such as Frank Ocean ("Swim Good"), Fantasia ("When I See U"), Sha Stimuli (the single "Clap At Ya"), Capone-N-Noreaga ("Yes Sir"), Justin Bieber, Bravehearts, Gemma Fox, Jean Grae, Talib Kweli, Young Buck, Nelly, Miri Ben-Ari, Lloyd Banks and Tamia.

Young Buck
David Darnell Brown (born March 15, 1981), better known by his stage name Young Buck, is an American rapper. He was affiliated with Birdman's Cash Money Records in 1997, formed the hip hop collective UTP with Juvenile and Soulja Slim in 2000, and joined 50 Cent's group, G-Unit by 2003. In 2003, he signed with 50 Cent's G-Unit Records, an imprint of Interscope Records to release his debut studio album Straight Outta Cashville (2004) and its follow-up Buck the World (2007), both of which peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 and were met with critical praise.

Initially launched in 2005 as "G-Unit South", Brown's record label, Cashville Records, has released his subsequent projects following personal disputes with 50 Cent and his 2010 departure from G-Unit Records. Cashville has also signed hip hop acts including The Outlawz and C-Bo.
Head-of-line blocking
Head-of-line blocking (HOL blocking) in computer networking is a performance-limiting phenomenon that occurs when a queue of packets is held up by the first packet in the queue. This occurs, for example, in input-buffered network switches, out-of-order delivery and multiple requests in HTTP pipelining.

Network packet
In telecommunications and computer networking, a network packet is a formatted unit of data carried by a packet-switched network. A packet consists of control information and user data; the latter is also known as the payload. Control information provides data for delivering the payload (e.g., source and destination network addresses, error detection codes, or sequencing information). Typically, control information is found in packet headers and trailers.

In packet switching, the bandwidth of the transmission medium is shared between multiple communication sessions, in contrast to circuit switching, in which circuits are preallocated for the duration of one session and data is typically transmitted as a continuous bit stream.
Communist Party of Kenya
The Communist Party of Kenya  (CPK) (Swahili: Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Kenya), is a political organisation in Kenya. Founded in 1992 as the Social Democratic Party (SDP), the political party has undergone substantial transformations in its name, ideological orientation and political positioning, shifting from social democracy to communism. Throughout its history, the Communist Party of Kenya has faced distinct challenges and played a notable role in Kenya's political evolution.

2002 Kenyan general election
General elections were held in Kenya on 27 December 2002. Voters elected the president, members of the National Assembly and local officials.

Mwai Kibaki of the National Rainbow Coalition (NARC) was elected, defeating Uhuru Kenyatta of the Kenya African National Union (KANU) and Simeon Nyachae of FORD–People.

Incumbent president Daniel arap Moi was ineligible to pursue a third term due to the two-term limit in the Constitution of Kenya. This was the first truly free general election held in Kenya since independence in 1964; several by-elections were held in 1966 before the onset of de facto one-party rule in 1969. The general election saw the end of the long-standing dominance of the KANU, which had governed the country since independence in 1963, including 23 years as the only legal party. The National Rainbow Coalition won a majority in the National Assembly.
The Doctrine of Fascism
"The Doctrine of Fascism" (Italian: "La dottrina del fascismo") is an essay attributed to Benito Mussolini. In truth, the first part of the essay, entitled "Idee Fondamentali" (Italian for 'Fundamental Ideas'), was written by the Italian philosopher Giovanni Gentile, while only the second part "Dottrina politica e sociale" (Italian for 'Political and social doctrine') is the work of Mussolini himself.

Treccani
Institute Giovanni Treccani for the publication of the Italian Encyclopedia (Italian: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana - Treccani), also known as Treccani Institute or simply Treccani, is a cultural institution of national interest, active in the publishing field, founded by Giovanni Treccani and Giovanni Gentile in 1925. It is known for publishing the first edition and the subsequent ten supplements of the Italian Encyclopaedia of Science, Literature and Arts (Italian: Enciclopedia Italiana di scienze, lettere ed arti).
27th Arkansas Infantry Regiment
The 27th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (1862–1865) was a Confederate Army infantry regiment during the American Civil War.  The unit served entirely in the Department of the Trans-Mississippi and surrendered at Marshall, Texas, at the war's end.

Battle of Pleasant Hill
The Battle of Pleasant Hill on April 9, 1864, in Louisiana formed part of the Red River Campaign during the American Civil War, when Union forces were attempting to occupy the Louisiana state capital, Shreveport.

The battle was essentially a continuation of the Battle of Mansfield, a Confederate victory, which had caused the Union commander, Major General Nathaniel P. Banks, to send his wagons, with most of his artillery, downriver in retreat. However, both sides had been reinforced through the night, and when the Confederate commander, Major General Richard Taylor launched an assault against the Union line, it was repulsed though at a high cost in casualties; the Union army retreated the next day.  The majority of historians consider the battle to be a Union tactical victory, although some consider it to be a draw.
Prodelision
Prodelision is a form of elision where, in a string of two words, the latter word loses its initial vowel(s).

Example:

"Namqu(e) etsi nullum memorabile nomen
femine(a) in poena (e)st, habet haec victoria laudem,
exstinxisse nefas." (Aeneid 2.583-585)

The "e" of "est" elides in the second line, rather than the "a" of "poena". This is very common in Latin with forms of the verb "esse". This type of elision is also common in Hindustani.

In poetry, it can allow for the use of words in a metric form that would otherwise make their use impossible.

Elision
In linguistics, an elision or deletion is the omission of one or more sounds (such as a vowel, a consonant, or a whole syllable) in a word or phrase. However, these terms are also used to refer more narrowly to cases where two words are run together by the omission of a final sound. An example is the elision of word-final /t/ in English if it is preceded and followed by a consonant: "first light" is often pronounced "firs' light" (/fɜrs laɪt/). Many other terms are used to refer to specific cases where sounds are omitted.
Ram Sathe
Ram Chandra Dattatraya Sathe (1923–2008) was Foreign Secretary (India). He served as secretary from 9 November 1979 to 30 April 1982.

He also served as ambassador to China (1966–1968), France (July 1976 to November 1978), Iran (November 1978–1980) and Germany (1982–1984) and was a diplomat in Afghanistan and East Africa. His daughter Mohini, is married to Shivshankar Menon.

Foreign Secretary (India)
The foreign secretary (ISO: Vidēś Saciv) is the topmost non-elected official and the administrative head of the Ministry of External Affairs. This post is held by an Indian Foreign Service (IFS) officer of the rank of secretary to the government of India. Vikram Misri is the foreign secretary since July 2024, succeeding Vinay Mohan Kwatra.

As an officer of the rank of secretary to the government of India, the foreign secretary ranks 23rd on the Indian Order of Precedence. However, unlike other secretaries to the government of India, the foreign secretary is also the top diplomat of the country and heads the Foreign Service Board.

Before the post of Foreign Secretary was created, Secretary General of Ministry of External Affairs was the head of Ministry of External Affairs, which was held by Girija Bajpai and N. R. Pillai.
Shankar Acharya
Dr. Shankar Acharya (born October 1945) is an Indian economist, who was the longest serving Chief Economic Adviser to the Government of India.  He is currently an honorary Professor at the Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER). He served until 2018 as non-executive chairman of Kotak Mahindra Bank. He was appointed for a five year term as the Chancellor of the Central University of Andhra Pradesh on 19 September 2023.

Chief Economic Advisor to the Government of India
The Chief Economic Adviser to the Government of India (CEA or Chief Economic Advisor of India) advises the government on economic matters and is responsible for the preparation of the Economic survey of India tabled in Parliament before the Union budget of India is presented.

The CEA holds the rank of a Secretary to the Government of India. The CEA is the ex-officio cadre-controlling authority of the Indian Economic Service. The CEA is head of Economic Division of the Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Government of India. Until 2009, the CEA’s position was a Union Public Service Commission appointment and until the 1970s almost all CEAs were members of the Indian Economic Service.

One CEA, Manmohan Singh went on to become the Prime Minister of India. Four CEAs have gone on to become the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India - I. G. Patel, Manmohan Singh, Bimal Jalan and Raghuram Rajan, and one (Rakesh Mohan) became the Deputy Governor of the RBI.
Âu Lạc
Âu Lạc (chữ Hán: 甌貉 or 甌駱; pinyin: Ōu Luò; Wade–Giles: Wu1-lo4 Middle Chinese (ZS): *ʔəu-*lɑk̚ < Old Chinese *ʔô-râk) was a supposed polity that covered parts of modern-day Guangxi and northern Vietnam. Founded in 257 BCE by a figure called Thục Phán (King An Dương), it was a merger of Nam Cương (Âu Việt) and Văn Lang (Lạc Việt) but succumbed to the state of Nanyue in 179 BCE, which, itself was finally conquered by the Han dynasty. Other historical sources indicate that it existed from 257 BC to 208 BC or from 208 BC to 179 BC. Its capital was in Cổ Loa, present-day Hanoi, in the Red River Delta.

Zhao Tuo
Zhao Tuo (240–137 BC), also known as Emperor Wu of Nanyue and as Triệu Đà or Vũ Đế in Vietnamese, was a Chinese general of the Qin dynasty and the first king and emperor of Nanyue. He participated in the Qin conquest of the Baiyue peoples of Guangdong, Guangxi, and Northern Vietnam. After the fall of the Qin, he established the independent kingdom of Nanyue with its capital in Panyu (now Guangzhou) in 204 BC. Upon the establishment of the Han dynasty, Zhao initially accepted a position similar to its other kings, recognizing Liu Bang's nominal authority in exchange for good relations and autonomy. After relations became strained, he declared himself emperor of Nanyue in 185 BC, reigning until his death. Some traditional Vietnamese historians considered him the founder of the Triệu dynasty while some contemporary historians contest that he was a foreign invader, due to his Han Chinese origin.
The Brick Theater
The Brick Theater is a venue in Williamsburg, Brooklyn that presents dance, performance art, drag, comedy, film, music, experimental theatre, and more. Gothamist has hailed the space as “one of the city’s most reliable sources for smart, funny, and surprising performance.”

New York Independent Theater Awards
The New York Independent Theater Awards (also known as NYIT Awards and IT Awards) are accolades given annually by The League of Independent Theater to honor individuals and organizations who have achieved artistic excellence in off-off-Broadway theatre.

The awards – created by The New York Innovative Theatre Foundation in 2004 – were formerly known as the New York Innovative Theatre Awards. They were renamed in 2022 upon the Foundation's merger with The League of Independent Theater, who now administer the awards.
Swimming at the 2021 SEA Games
The swimming competitions at the 2021 SEA Games took place at Mỹ Đình Aquatics Center in Hanoi, Vietnam from 14 to 19 May 2022. It is one of four aquatic sports at the Games, along with diving, finswimming and canoeing.

Diving at the 2021 SEA Games
Diving events at the 2021 SEA Games took place at Mỹ Đình Aquatics Center, in Hanoi, Vietnam from 8 to 11 May 2022. It is one of four aquatic sports at the Games, along with finswimming, swimming, and canoeing.
Danijil Szemko
Danijil Leonyidovics Szemko (Ukrainian: Даниїл Леонідович Семко; born 17 May 2000) is a Ukrainian-Hungarian ice dancer. With his skating partner, Mariia Ignateva, he is a five-time Hungarian national champions (2022–26), three-time Four Nationals medalists, the 2022 CS Denis Ten Memorial Challenge bronze medalist, 2022 Jégvirág Cup champion, the 2021 Volvo Open Cup silver medalist, and a two-time Santa Claus Cup silver medalist (2022–23).

With his former skating partner, Villő Marton, he is a three-time Hungarian junior national champion (2018–20) and competed in the final segment at two World Junior Championships (2018, 2020).

Budapest Trophy
The Budapest Trophy is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU), organized and hosted by the Hungarian National Skating Federation (Hungarian: Magyar Országos Korcsolyázó Szövetség) at the Vasas Jégcentrum in Budapest, Hungary. The competition debuted in 2020 amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. The Budapest Trophy has been an Challenger Series event four times during its history as of 2025. Medals may be awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance; and when the event is part of the Challenger Series, skaters earn ISU World Standing points based on their results.