hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kholm, Kholmsky District, Novgorod Oblast
Kholm (Russian: Холм) is a town and the administrative center of Kholmsky District in Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Lovat and Kunya Rivers, 77 kilometers (48 mi) north of Toropets, 93 kilometers (58 mi) southwest of Staraya Russa, and 201 kilometers (125 mi) south of Veliky Novgorod, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:  3,830 (2010 census); 4,325 (2002 census); 4,849 (1989 Soviet census).

Veliky Novgorod
Veliky Novgorod (/vəˈliːki ˈnɒvɡərɒd/ ⓘ və-LEE-kee NOV-gə-rod; Russian: Великий Новгород, IPA: [vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj ˈnovɡərət]; lit. 'Great Newtown'), also known simply as Novgorod (Новгород), is the largest city and administrative centre of Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is one of the oldest cities in Russia, being first mentioned in the 9th century. The city lies along the Volkhov River just downstream from its outflow from Lake Ilmen and is situated on the M10 federal highway connecting Moscow and Saint Petersburg. UNESCO recognized Novgorod as a World Heritage Site in 1992. The city has a population of 224,286 (2021 census).

At its peak during the 14th century, the city was the capital of the Novgorod Republic and was one of Europe's largest cities. The "Великий" (Veliky) part was added to the city's name in 1999.
Hwali
Hwali, sometimes referred to as Nhwali, is a village in Gwanda District in the province of Matabeleland South, Zimbabwe.

It is located south-east of Gwanda, approximately 111 km from Gwanda on the road to Tuli.

Hwali is the centre of the Hwali Wildlife Management Area, part of the Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area.

Gwanda
Gwanda is a town in Zimbabwe. It is the capital of the province of Matabeleland South, one of the ten administrative provinces in the country. It is also the district capital of Gwanda District, one of the seven administrative districts in the province.
Gametophore
Gametophores are prominent structures in seedless plants on which the reproductive organs are borne.  The word gametophore (more accurately gametangiophore) is composed of the greek ‘gamete-,’ referring (loosely) to gametangia and ‘-phore’ (Greek Φορά, "to be carried"). In mosses, liverworts and ferns (Archegoniata), the gametophores support gametangia (sex organs, female archegonia and male antheridia). If both archegonia and antheridia occur on the same plant, it is called  monoicious. If there are separate female and male plants they are called  dioicious.

In Bryopsida the leafy moss plant (q. v. "Thallus") is the haploid gametophyte. It grows from its juvenile form, the protonema, under the influence of phytohormones (mainly cytokinins).  Whereas the filamentous protonema grows by apical cell division, the gametophyte grows by division of three-faced apical cells.

Monoicy
Monoicy is a sexual system in haploid plants (mainly bryophytes) where both sperm and eggs are produced on the same gametophyte, in contrast with dioicy, where each gametophyte produces only sperm or eggs but never both. Both monoicous and dioicous gametophytes produce gametes in gametangia by mitosis rather than meiosis, so that sperm and eggs are genetically identical with their parent gametophyte.

It has been suggested that monoicy may have benefits in dry habitats where the ability to produce sporophytes is limited due to lack of water.: 292

Monoicy is similar to, and often conflated with, monoecy, which applies to seed plants (spermatophytes) and refers to separate male and female cones or flowers on the same plant.
Sierra de Órganos National Park
Sierra de Órganos National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Sierra de Órganos) is a national park in Mexico, located in the northwest corner of the municipality of Sombrerete in the state of Zacatecas, near the border with Durango. The park is known for its diverse aridland ecosystem and towering rock formations of the Sierra Madre Occidental, which are reminiscent of organ pipe cacti or the pipes of the musical instrument, from which the park takes its name.

In addition to conifer forests in the highlands and xerophilous scrub in the lowlands, Sierra de Órganos is a refuge for several species of animals endemic to the region and others in danger of extinction. It is a popular area for recreation, including hiking and cycling, and for its scenery and landscapes.

Kit fox
The kit fox (Vulpes macrotis) is a fox species that inhabits arid and semi-arid regions of the Southwestern United States and northern and central Mexico. These foxes are the smallest of the four species of Vulpes occurring in North America and are among the smallest of the vulpines worldwide. It has also been called a North American counterpart of the fennec fox due to its large ears.
Qaleh Lay Bid
Lay Bid (Persian: لاي بيد, also Romanized as Lāy Bīd; also known as Lābīd and Lāy Bīd) is a village in Zirkuh Rural District, Bagh-e Bahadoran District, Lenjan County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 810, in 189 families.

Zirkuh Rural District (Lenjan County)
Zirkuh Rural District (Persian: دهستان زيركوه) is in Bagh-e Bahadoran District of Lenjan County, Isfahan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Kachuiyeh. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Chermahin, now a city.
XM1216 small unmanned ground vehicle
The XM1216 small unmanned ground vehicle (SUGV) is a Future Combat Systems specific, man packable (< 30 pounds (14 kg)) version of the iRobot's PackBot. The SUGV is used in Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR).

IRobot
iRobot Corporation is an American technology company that designs and builds consumer robots. It was founded in 1990 by three members of MIT's Artificial Intelligence Lab, who designed robots for space exploration and military defense. The company's products include a range of autonomous home vacuum cleaners (Roomba), floor moppers (Braava), and other autonomous cleaning devices. As of December 2025, it was acquired by Shenzhen Picea Robotics, their primary designer for their new line of robots up until they filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.

A planned takeover deal by Amazon.com for US$1.7 billion, announced in August 2022, collapsed in January 2024 amid antitrust scrutiny by the European Commission. The company filed for bankruptcy in December 2025 and intends to be acquired by Chinese manufacturer Picea.
Bengang
Bengang is a settlement in Sarawak, Malaysia. It lies approximately 131.1 kilometres (81 mi) east of the state capital Kuching.

Neighbouring settlements include:

Pok 0 kilometres (0.0 mi) north

Serian 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) north

Semumoh 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) east

Ban 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) south

Salulap 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) northeast

Melaban 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) southeast

Betong 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) southeast

Empaong 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) east

Salulap
Salulap is a settlement in Sarawak, Malaysia. It lies approximately 132.7 kilometres (82.5 mi) east of the state capital Kuching. Neighbouring settlements include:

Semumoh 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) south

Serian 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) west

Empaong 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) southeast

Pok 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) southwest

Tanu 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) east

Jangkar 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) east
Battle of Marj Marina (657)
The Battle of Marj Marina was fought in 657 CE during the First Fitna between the Iraqi Arab forces of the fourth Rashidun caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib and the Syrian Arab forces of the rebelling long-time governor of the Levant, Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan, for control of the region of Al-Jazira. The dispute escalated into a military confrontation, which resulted in both forces being forced to retreat.

Al-Dahhak ibn Qays al-Fihri
Al-Dahhak ibn Qays al-Fihri (Arabic: الضَّحَّاك بْنِ  قَيْس الْفِهْرِيّ, romanized: Al-Ḍaḥḥak ibn Qays al-Fihrī; died August 684) was an Umayyad general, head of security forces and governor of Damascus during the reigns of caliphs Mu'awiya I, Yazid I and Mu'awiya II. Though long an Umayyad loyalist, after the latter's death, al-Dahhak defected to the anti-Umayyad claimant to the caliphate, Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr.
Rhiginia cruciata
Rhiginia cruciata, commonly known as the scarlet-bordered assassin bug or cruciate assassin bug, is a species of millipede assassin in the family Reduviidae. It is found in the Caribbean, Central America, and North America.

Reduviidae
The Reduviidae is a large cosmopolitan family of the suborder Heteroptera of the order Hemiptera (true bugs). Among the Hemiptera and together with the Nabidae almost all species are terrestrial ambush predators; most other predatory Hemiptera are aquatic. The main examples of non-predatory Reduviidae are some blood-sucking ectoparasites in the subfamily Triatominae, with a few species from South America noted for their ability to transmit Chagas disease. Though spectacular exceptions are known, most members of the family are fairly easily recognizable: they have a relatively narrow neck, sturdy build, and formidable curved proboscis (sometimes called a rostrum). Large specimens should be handled with caution, if at all, because they sometimes defend themselves with a very painful stab from the proboscis.
T. Lindsay Galloway
Thomas Lindsay Galloway MA, FRSE. FGS, AMInst, MInstME (1854 – 22 September 1921). He was a civil and mining engineer, the coal master of Argyll Colliery, Campbeltown, Kintyre, and the author of several papers, lectures, designs and books.

Geological Society of London
The Geological Society of London, known commonly as the Geological Society, is a learned society based in the United Kingdom. It is the oldest national geological society in the world and the largest in Europe, with more than 12,000 Fellows.

Fellows are entitled to the postnominal FGS (Fellow of the Geological Society), over 2,000 of whom are Chartered Geologists (CGeol). The Society is a registered charity, no. 210161
. It is also a member of the Science Council, and is licensed to award Chartered Scientist to qualifying members.

The mission of the society is: "Making geologists acquainted with each other, stimulating their zeal, inducing them to adopt one nomenclature, facilitating the communication of new facts and ascertaining what is known in their science and what remains to be discovered".
Sunday Football League (1984–2008)
The Sunday Football League Western Australia, commonly known as the Sunday Football League (SFL), was a semi-professional Australian rules football league based in the southern suburbs of Perth, Western Australia. The league was in operation from 1984 to 2008, and Kenwick Royals was the most successful club with eight senior team premierships.

Peel Football League
The Peel Football League (PFL) is a country football league based in the Peel region of Western Australia. The competition was formed in 1992 when teams from the Metropolitan Football League and Murray Districts Football League merged. There are currently eight clubs fielding a league reserves and colts team.
2023 Volta ao Algarve
The 2023 Volta ao Algarve (English: Tour of the Algarve) was a road cycling stage race that took place between 15 and 19 February 2023 in the Algarve region of southern Portugal. The race was rated as a category 2.Pro event on the 2023 UCI ProSeries calendar, and was the 49th edition of the Volta ao Algarve.

2023 UCI ProSeries
The 2023 UCI ProSeries was the fourth season of the UCI ProSeries, the second tier road cycling tour, below the UCI World Tour, but above the various regional UCI Continental Circuits.

The calendar consisted of 57 events, of which 33 were one-day races (1.Pro), and 24 were stage races (2.Pro). There were 49 events in Europe, six in Asia, one in the United States, and one in Argentina.
António Ginestal Machado
António Ginestal Machado (European Portuguese: [ɐ̃ˈtɔni.u ʒinɨʃˈtal mɐˈʃaðu, ɐ̃ˈtɔnju -]; 3 May 1874 – 28 June 1940) was a Portuguese politician.

Born in Almeida, he graduated in Law at the University of Coimbra and became a high-school teacher. A member of the moderate Republican Union, he was one of the promoters of its fusion with the Evolutionist Party which originated the Republican Liberal Party. He was President of the Ministry (Prime Minister) from 15 November to 17 December 1923, in a minority government. He resigned due to the opposition of President Manuel Teixeira Gomes of dissolving the parliament, after an insurrection attempt. He was also previously Minister of Public Instruction from May to October 1921 in the cabinet of Tomé de Barros Queirós. He died in Santarém.

Tomé de Barros Queirós
Tomé José de Barros Queirós (Thomé José de Barros Queiroz in Portuguese; 2 February 1872 in Ílhavo – 5 May 1925 in Lisbon) was a Portuguese trader, capitalist and politician of the period of the Portuguese First Republic. Among others posts, he served as member of the parliament, Minister of Finances and eventually President of the Ministry (Prime Minister). He was also a member of the Masonry.

A street in the heart of the Baixa district of Lisbon bears his name in celebration of his accomplishments.
Tong, Shropshire
Tong is a village and civil parish in Shropshire, also bordering Staffordshire in England. It is located between the towns of Shifnal, Newport and Brewood. It is near junction 3 of the M54 motorway and A41 road. The population of the village which was included in the civil parish at the 2011 census was 243. The village is also near to Weston Park and the village of Weston-under-Lizard.

Newport, Shropshire
Newport is a market town and civil parish in the borough of Telford and Wrekin in Shropshire, England. It lies 7 miles (11 km) north-east of Telford, 12 miles (19 km) west of Stafford, and is near the Shropshire-Staffordshire border. The 2001 census recorded 10,814 people living in the parish, which rose to 11,387 by the 2011 census.
Problem-Oriented Medical Information System
The Problem-Oriented Medical Information System, or PROMIS, was a hypertext system specially designed for maintaining health care records. PROMIS was developed at the University of Vermont in 1976, primarily by Jan Schultz and Dr. Lawrence Weed, M.D.

Apparently, the developers of Carnegie Mellon University's ZOG system were so impressed with PROMIS that it reinspired them to return to their own work.

PROMIS was an interactive, touchscreen system that allowed users to access a medical record within a large body of medical knowledge. At its peak, the PROMIS system had over 60,000 frames of knowledge.

PROMIS was also known for its fast responsiveness, especially for its time.

ZOG (hypertext)
ZOG was an early hypertext system developed at Carnegie Mellon University during the 1970s by Donald McCracken and Robert Akscyn.  ZOG was first developed by Allen Newell and George G. Robertson to serve as the front end for AI and Cognitive Science programs brought together at CMU for a summer workshop. The ZOG project was as an outgrowth of long-term artificial intelligence research led by Allen Newell and funded by the Office of Naval Research. A second version of ZOG was installed as the key interface between users and logistics on the Nimitz class carrier USS Carl Vinson in 1983.
Fundación
Fundación is a town and municipality of the Colombian Department of Magdalena.  Its people are known as Fundanenses.    The primary economic activity is livestock-raising, for production of both meat and milk.  Other crops are: corn, yuca, oranges, bananas, beans, sesame, sorghum, rice, tomatoes, and tobacco.  There is also artisanal fishing.

Physically, the area of Fundación consists of river valley, flood plain and some low-lying hills.  The municipio is bounded on the north by Aracataca, on the east by Bosconia, on the south by Chibolo, and, on the west by Pivijay, Sabanas de San Angel, and Algarrobo. The town is crossed by the Fundación River.

The town came to international prominence on 18 May 2014 when a school bus caught fire at the local Pentecostal Church. Thirty two children who had just attended a church service died in the fire.

Population: 66,433 (municipality)

Elevation: 45 meters

Area: 971.9 km². (municipality)

Sabanas de San Ángel
Sabanas de San Ángel (Spanish pronunciation: [saˈβanas ðe san ˈaŋxel]), Spanish for Savannas of Saint Angel, is a town and municipality of the Colombian Department of Magdalena. Founded around 1607 with the name San Antoñito by the Spanish Colonizers as a pathway town in the route between La Guajira Department and the Magdalena River. On June 24, 1999 the municipality is created with the name of Sabanas de San Angel that segregated from the municipalities of Ariguaní, Pivijay, Chibolo and Plato.
Carrefour-de-l'Hôpital District
Carrefour-de-l'Hôpital District (District 13) (English: Crossroads of the Hospital) is a municipal electoral division in the city of Gatineau, Quebec. It is represented on Gatineau City Council by Catherine Craig-St-Louis of Action Gatineau.

The district is located in the Gatineau sector of the city. The district was created in 2009 from parts of Promenades District and Versant District. It consists of the neighbourhoods of Du Barry and Le Carrefour and the area around Parc Henri-Durant.

Pointe-Gatineau District
Pointe-Gatineau District (District 12) is a municipal electoral division in the city of Gatineau, Quebec. It is represented on Gatineau City Council by Marc Carrière. The district was known as Promenades District from 2002 to 2009; the name change was announced in 2011.

The district is located in the city's Gatineau sector. From 2001 to 2009 it included the neighbourhoods of Place Lucerne, Parc Maisonneuve, Val d'Oise and Le Barron.

During the 2009 election cycle, it gained La Baie while losing Val d'Oise and Le Barron.

During the 2013 election cycle, it gained the District des Riverains neighbourhood while losing all the territory north of Highway 148.
Chandra Prakash Baniya
Chandra Prakash Baniya (Nepali: चन्द्रप्रकाश बानियाँ; born 7 April 1951) is a Nepali writer, columnist, educator and politician. He was elected as a representative from Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) (1978)  in 1991 general election for Myagdi (constituency 2). He won the Madan Puraskar for his novel Maharani in 2019.

Madan Puraskar
The Madan Puraskar (Nepali: मदन पुरस्कार) is a literary honor in Nepal which Madan Puraskar Guthi confers annually for an outstanding book in the Nepali language published within the calendar year. It is considered as the most prestigious literature award in Nepal. It is awarded on the day of Ghatasthapana every year alongside Jagadamba Shree Puraskar.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1988
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1988, adopted unanimously on June 17, 2011, after recalling resolutions 1267 (1999), 1333 (2000), 1363 (2001), 1373 (2001), 1390 (2002), 1452 (2002), 1455 (2003), 1526 (2004), 1566 (2004), 1617 (2005), 1624 (2005), 1699 (2006), 1730 (2006), 1735 (2006), 1822 (2008) and 1904 (2009) on terrorism and the threat to Afghanistan, the Council imposed separate sanctions regimes on Al-Qaeda and the Taliban.

Resolution 1988 dealt with sanctions relating to the Taliban, while Resolution 1989 (2011) addressed sanctions on Al-Qaeda. Until the passing of both the resolutions, sanctions on the Taliban and Al-Qaeda had been handled by the same committee.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1624
United Nations Security Council resolution 1624, adopted unanimously at the 2005 World Summit on 14 September 2005, after reaffirming previous resolutions on terrorism, including resolutions 1267 (1999), 1373 (2001), 1535 (2004), 1540 (2004), 1566 (2004) and 1617 (2005), the Council called on all states to co-operate in order to strengthen the security of their international borders by enhancing terrorist screening and passenger security procedures.

Resolution 1624, along with Resolution 1625 (2005), was adopted at a meeting of heads of state or government. The resolution was drafted by the United Kingdom.
Guy Coleman
Guy Coleman (born 26 June 1974) is a New Zealand former cricketer and coach. He played three List A matches for Auckland in 2001/02. Coleman also played for Grafton United Cricket Club, scoring more than 4,600 runs and taking more than 400 wickets for the team, in a career spanning twenty years.

Auckland cricket team
The Auckland cricket team represent the Auckland region and are one of six New Zealand domestic first class cricket teams. Governed by the Auckland Cricket Association they are the most successful team having won 28 Plunket Shield titles, ten wins in The Ford Trophy and the Super Smash four times. The team currently play their home games at Eden Park Outer Oval.

The limited overs team, known as the Auckland Aces, have a predominantly light blue kit with a navy and white trim. Their One Day Championship shirt sponsors are Ford whilst their major T20 sponsor is Mondiale.

They won the Men's Super Smash competition in the 2015–16 season, their 4th domestic Twenty20 title overall, making them become the most successful team in New Zealand.
Bob Stanley (baseball)
Robert William Stanley (born November 10, 1954) is an American former professional baseball relief pitcher who spent his entire Major League Baseball (MLB) career with the Boston Red Sox. He was later the pitching coach for the Buffalo Bisons, Triple-A affiliate of the Toronto Blue Jays, through the 2018 season.

Boston Red Sox Hall of Fame
The Boston Red Sox Hall of Fame was instituted in 1995 to recognize the careers of selected former Boston Red Sox players, coaches and managers, and non-uniformed personnel. A 15-member selection committee of Red Sox broadcasters and executives, past and present media personnel, and representatives from The Sports Museum of New England and the BoSox Club are responsible for nominating candidates.
Stephen Kappes
Stephen R. Kappes (born August 22, 1951) was the Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (DDCIA), until his resignation on April 14, 2010. He had served in the CIA since 1981, with a two-year hiatus. A career clandestine operations professional, Kappes supervised the extraordinary rendition program, a non-judicial system of rendering persons suspected of terrorism to secret locations where most of them were interrogated.  Kappes also helped persuade Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi to abandon his nuclear weapons program in 2003.  In 2009, Kappes was convicted in absentia by an Italian court for his headquarters-based role in the rendition and torture of an Egyptian citizen who was kidnapped from Italian soil by the CIA.

Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
The deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency (DD/CIA) is a statutory office (50 U.S.C. § 3037) and the second-highest official of the Central Intelligence Agency. The DD/CIA assists the director of the Central Intelligence Agency (D/CIA) and is authorized to exercise the powers of the D/CIA when the director's position is vacant or in the director's absence or disability.

Under current law, the deputy director is appointed by the president of the United States and is not required to be confirmed by the United States Senate.
Gellicum
Gellicum is a village in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of West Betuwe, and lies about 13 km east of Gorinchem.

It was first mentioned in the 10th to 11th century Gallinghe(m), and means "settlement of the people of Gallo (person)". Gellicum developed as a stretched out esdorp perpendicular to the dike of the Linge. The tower of the Roman Catholic Church dates from the 13th century and has been enlarged in the 15th century. The church dates from the 14th century. The court house has been built in 1630 attached to the church. The Dutch Reformed Church was originally built in 1823, but burnt down and replaced in 1929. In 1840, it was home to 340 people.

West Betuwe
West Betuwe is a municipality in the Dutch province of Gelderland.
West Betuwe had 51.948 inhabitants on 1 January 2022.

The municipality was formed on 1 January 2019 by the merger of the municipalities Geldermalsen, Neerijnen, Lingewaal.