hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is any form of gastrointestinal bleeding in the lower gastrointestinal tract. LGIB is a common reason for seeking medical attention at a hospital's emergency department. LGIB accounts for 30–40% of all gastrointestinal bleeding and is less common than upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). It is estimated that UGIB accounts for 100–200 per 100,000 cases versus 20–27 per 100,000 cases for LGIB. Approximately 85% of lower gastrointestinal bleeding involves the large intestine, 10% are from bleeds that are actually upper gastrointestinal bleeds, and 3–5% involve the small intestine.

Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy ("sigma", the Greek term for letter "s/ς" + "eidos" + "scopy": namely, to look inside an "s"/"ς"-like object) is the minimally invasive medical examination of the large intestine from the rectum through to the nearest part of the colon, the sigmoid colon. There are two types of sigmoidoscopy: flexible sigmoidoscopy, which uses a flexible endoscope, and rigid sigmoidoscopy, which uses a rigid device. Flexible sigmoidoscopy is generally the preferred procedure. A sigmoidoscopy is similar to, but not the same as, a colonoscopy. A sigmoidoscopy only examines up to the sigmoid, the most distal part of the colon, while colonoscopy examines the whole large bowel.
Polish American Association
The Polish American Association (PAA) (Polish: Zrzeszenie Amerykańsko Polskie) is a non-profit human services agency that serves the diverse needs of the Chicago immigrant community.

Originally located in Polish Downtown, the PAA was founded as the Polish Welfare Association in 1922 by a group of prominent Polish businessmen and professionals to provide Polish language social services in Chicago. Since then, PAA has helped generations of immigrant families adjust to life in the United States.

Today, the agency's bilingual and bicultural services remain critical to meet the growing needs of Chicago's Polish community.  The Polish community constitutes the second largest ethnic group in the Chicago area.

Polish Downtown (Chicago)
Polish Downtown was Chicago's oldest and most prominent Polish settlement.  Polish Downtown was the political, cultural and social capital of Poles in Chicago and of other Polish Americans throughout North America. Centered on Polonia Triangle at the intersection of Division, Ashland and Milwaukee Avenue, the headquarters for almost every major Polish organization in the United States was clustered within its vicinity, beginning with the Polish National Alliance to the Polish Daily News.
2013 Kunming Challenger
The 2013 Kunming Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2013 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Kunming, China between 6 and 12 May 2013.

2013 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The 2013 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 149 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $220,000.
The Appleseed Cast
The Appleseed Cast is an American emo band from Lawrence, Kansas. It was founded in the early days of emo by singer-guitarist Christopher Crisci and drummer Louie Ruiz. The band has steadily evolved over the release of eight full-length albums, with Crisci serving as the main songwriter. It has a frequently rotating lineup, with Crisci being the only consistent member since the band's conception. Currently, the lineup includes Christopher Crisci, Ben Kimball, Nick Fredrickson and Sean Bergman.

Major acclaim first came in the early 2000s that earned them a 9.0 from Pitchfork for their album set Low Level Owl Vol I and Vol II. The band received further acclaim for their work on Two Conversations, Peregrine, Illumination Ritual, and others.

Rainer Maria
Rainer Maria is an American emo band from Madison, Wisconsin, later residing in Brooklyn, New York. The band was originally active from 1995 to 2006 and reunited in 2014. They have released six full-length albums, a live DVD, and numerous live recordings and EPs.
Ejby, Glostrup
Ejby is a suburb in greater Copenhagen in Glostrup Municipality, lying between Glostrup and Skovlunde. It is located about 13 km (8.1 miles) from the city center of Copenhagen.

Ejby has a station on the Greater Copenhagen Light Rail line which opened in October 2025.

Urban area of Copenhagen
The urban area of Copenhagen (also known as Greater Copenhagen) (Danish: Storkøbenhavn or Hovedstadsområdet), lying mostly in the Capital Region of Denmark but also in Region Zealand, consist of Copenhagen and Frederiksberg municipalities and the former Copenhagen County. In all, it consists of 18 municipalities, and except parts of Ballerup, Greve (of former Roskilde County), Ishøj, former Søllerød and former Værløse, mentioned with (the part of) their population included from 2007. Ishøj and Greve Strand are included for the first time since 1999.  As of 1 January 2025, this area had a population of 1,396,508.  Statistics Denmark states that the definition of the urban area is based on UN's 200m definition.
Rockwell Ranger 2000
The Rockwell Ranger 2000 was a jet trainer candidate for the United States Joint Primary Aircraft Training System proposed by Rockwell International with assistance from Rhein-Flugzeugbau GmbH (RFB) in Germany.

Rhein-Flugzeugbau
Rhein-Flugzeugbau GmbH (RFB) was a German aircraft manufacturer. The company was established at Krefeld, Germany in 1955, and later moved to Mönchengladbach.

Due to insolvency of its parent company, ABS International, in 1993 RFB became unable to pay its creditors and the company wound down operations and was liquidated by 2006.
Moscow City Hall
The former Moscow City Hall (Russian: Здание городской думы, lit. 'City Duma building') is an ornate red-brick edifice situated immediately to the east of the State Historical Museum and notable in the history of architecture as a unique hybrid of the Russian Revival and Neo-Renaissance styles. During Soviet times it served as the Lenin Museum in Moscow.

State Historical Museum
The State Historical Museum (Russian: Государственный исторический музей, ГИМ, romanized: Gosudarstvennyy istoricheskiy muzey, GIM) of Russia is a museum of Russian history located between Red Square and Manege Square in Moscow. The museum's exhibitions range from relics of prehistoric tribes that lived in the territory of present-day Russia, to priceless artworks acquired by members of the Romanov dynasty. The total number of objects in the museum's collection numbers in the millions.
Alice Hay Wadsworth
Alice Evelyn Hay Wadsworth (January 6, 1880 – May 13, 1960) was an American anti-suffrage leader during the early 20th century. She was daughter of John Hay, 37th United States Secretary of State, and Clara L. Stone and was married to U.S. Senator James W. Wadsworth Jr., of Geneseo, New York in 1902.

James W. Wadsworth Jr.
James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr. (August 12, 1877 – June 21, 1952) was an American politician, a Republican from New York. He was the son of New York State Comptroller James Wolcott Wadsworth, and the grandson of Union General James S. Wadsworth.
Plate theory (volcanism)
The plate theory is a model of volcanism that attributes all volcanic activity on Earth, even that which appears superficially to be anomalous, to the operation of plate tectonics. According to the plate theory, the principal cause of volcanism is extension of the lithosphere. Extension of the lithosphere is a function of the lithospheric stress field. The global distribution of volcanic activity at a given time reflects the contemporaneous lithospheric stress field, and changes in the spatial and temporal distribution of volcanoes reflect changes in the stress field. The main factors governing the evolution of the stress field are:

Changes in the configuration of plate boundaries.

Vertical motions.

Thermal contraction.

Lithospheric extension enables pre-existing melt in the crust and mantle to escape to the surface. If extension is severe and thins the lithosphere to the extent that the asthenosphere rises, then additional melt is produced by decompression upwelling.

Mantle (geology)
A mantle is a layer inside a planetary body bounded below by a core and above by a crust. Mantles are made of rock or ices, and are generally the largest and most massive layer of the planetary body. Mantles are characteristic of planetary bodies that have undergone differentiation by density.  All terrestrial planets (including Earth), half of the giant planets, specifically ice giants, a number of asteroids, and some planetary moons have mantles.
Tan (color)
Tan is a pale tone of brown. The name is derived from tannum (oak bark) used in the tanning of leather.

The first documented usage of tan as a color name in English was in the year 1590.

Colors which are similar or may be considered synonymous to tan include: tawny, tenné, and fulvous.

Sun tanning
Sun tanning or tanning is the process whereby skin color is darkened or tanned. It is most often a result of exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight or from artificial sources, such as a tanning lamp found in indoor tanning beds. People who deliberately tan their skin by exposure to the sun engage in a passive recreational activity of sun bathing. Some people use chemical products that can produce a tanning effect without exposure to ultraviolet radiation, known as sunless tanning.
Positioning system
A positioning system is a system for determining the position of an object in space. Positioning system technologies exist ranging from interplanetary coverage with meter accuracy to workspace and laboratory coverage with sub-millimeter accuracy. A major subclass is made of geopositioning systems, used for determining an object's position with respect to Earth, i.e., its geographical position; one of the most well-known and commonly used geopositioning systems is the Global Positioning System (GPS) and similar global navigation satellite systems (GNSS).

Urban canyon
An urban canyon (also known as a street canyon or skyscraper canyon) is a place where the street is flanked by buildings on both sides creating a canyon-like environment, evolved etymologically from the Canyon of Heroes in Manhattan. Such human-built canyons are made when streets separate dense blocks of structures, especially skyscrapers. Other examples include the Magnificent Mile in Chicago, Los Angeles' Wilshire Boulevard corridor, Toronto's Financial District, and Hong Kong's Kowloon and Central districts.

Urban canyons affect various local conditions, including temperature, wind, light, air quality, and radio reception, including satellite navigation signals.
Medical device reporting
Medical device reporting (MDR) is the procedure for the Food and Drug Administration  to get significant medical device adverse events information from manufacturers, importers and user facilities, so these issues can be detected and corrected quickly, and the same lot of that product may be recalled. Consumers and health professionals report any adverse event caused by the device to MedWatch program for reporting significant adverse events or product problems with medical products.

MedWatch
MedWatch is the Food and Drug Administration’s “Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting Program.” It interacts with the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS or AERS). MedWatch is used for reporting an adverse event or sentinel event. Founded in 1993, this system of voluntary reporting allows such information to be shared with the medical community or the general public. The system includes publicly available databases and online analysis tools for professionals. MedWatch also distributes information on medical recalls and other clinical safety communications via its platforms.
Taleo
Taleo Corporation was a publicly traded database vendor based in Dublin, California, which was acquired by Oracle in 2012. Taleo's product offerings primarily focus on talent acquisition (recruitment), performance management, learning and development, and compensation management. These capabilities combine to provide what Taleo calls "Talent Intelligence" — an enhanced level of insight into candidates and employees. Taleo sells its Human resource management system (HRMS / HRIS) products entirely via a software-as-a-service (SaaS) model, in which all software and information resides in data centers operated and secured by Taleo.

On February 9, 2012, Oracle Corporation acquired Taleo Corporation for $1.9 billion.

Oracle Corporation continues to use the Taleo software name for its talent-management software suite. As of December 2013, Taleo software had over 20 million users.

Fortune 500
The Fortune 500 is an annual list compiled and published by Fortune magazine that ranks 500 of the largest United States corporations by total revenue for their respective fiscal years. The list includes publicly held companies, along with privately held companies for which revenues are publicly available. The concept of the Fortune 500 was created by Edgar P. Smith, a Fortune editor, and the first list was published in 1955. The Fortune 500 is more commonly used than its subset Fortune 100 or superset Fortune 1000.
Jay Bradley
Bradley Thomas Jay (born November 17, 1980) is an American professional wrestler, best known for his time in Impact  Wrestling  under the ring names of Jay Bradley and Aiden O'Shea, and WWE  as Ryan Braddock.

AAW Heavyweight Championship
The AAW Heavyweight Championship is a professional wrestling world heavyweight championship owned and promoted by AAW Wrestling. There have been a total of 37 reigns and one vacancy shared between 30 different champions. The current champion is Trevor Lee, who is in his first reign.
Tide Cove
Sha Tin Hoi / Sha Tin Sea (Chinese: 沙田海; Jyutping: saa1 tin4 hoi2) or Tide Cove is a cove at the mouth of the Shing Mun River. It is between Ma Liu Shui and Ma On Shan. The cove is open to Tolo Harbour (Tai Po Hoi). It was largely reclaimed for the development of Sha Tin New Town.

Tide Cove may shrink further in the future, as the government is exploring further land reclamation at Ma Liu Shui.

Cove
A cove is a small bay or coastal inlet. They usually have narrow, restricted entrances, are often circular or oval, and are often situated within a larger bay. Small, narrow, sheltered bays, inlets, tidal creeks, or recesses in a coast are often considered coves.

Colloquially, the term can be used to describe a sheltered bay. Geomorphology describes coves as precipitously walled and rounded cirque-like openings like a valley extending into or down a mountainside, or in a hollow or nook of a cliff or steep mountainside. A cove can also refer to a corner, nook, or cranny, either in a river, road, or wall, especially where the wall meets the floor.
Bullfrog International
Bullfrog International, LC, founded in 1997, is a Utah-based company that designs and manufactures hot tubs with a branded feature called the JetPak Therapy System. Bullfrog International currently distributes products in the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South America, Asia, and Europe.

In February 2011, Bullfrog International named Jerry Pasley, former Executive Vice President at Jacuzzi Hot Tubs and Sundance Spas, as CEO.

Hot tub
A hot tub is a large tub full of water used for hydrotherapy, relaxation or pleasure. Some have powerful jets for massage purposes. Hot tubs are sometimes also known as "spas" or by the trade name Jacuzzi. Hot tubs may be located outdoors or indoors.

In contrast to a typical bathtub, a hot tub is designed to be used by more than one person at a time, with many models accommodating four or more people. Unlike baths,  soaps and shampoos are not used in wet-jetted hot tubs (although they can be used in air-jetted hot tubs). Home hot tubs are often closer in construction to standard bathtubs, while the construction of a public hot tub often has more in common with a swimming pool, of which it can be considered a type.
Bill Cronin (American football coach)
Bill Cronin is an American former football coach. He is served as the head football coach at Georgetown College in Georgetown, Kentucky from 1997 to 2021, compiling a record of 218–65. Cronin led the Georgetown Tigers to consecutive NAIA Football National Championships in 2000 and 2001.

Cronin was an assistant football coach at Georgetown for 11 seasons, from 1982 to 1992, under Kevin Donley. He then served as the head football coach at Madison Central High School in Richmond, Kentucky from 1993 to 1996.

Cronin retired after the 2021 was season and was succeeded by Chris Oliver.

Chris Oliver (American football)
Chris Oliver is an American college football coach. He was the head football coach for Georgetown College from 2022 to 2024. Oliver was the head football coach at Lindsey Wilson College in Columbia, Kentucky from the inception of the school's football program, which began play in 2010, through the 2021 season. Oliver led the Lindsey Wilson Blue Raiders to the NAIA Football National Championship in the spring of 2021.
Book Soup
Book Soup is an independent bookstore located at 8818 Sunset Boulevard in West Hollywood, California, and is the largest general interest independent bookstore in Hollywood. Popular with many in the entertainment industry, the store continues to hosts events featuring a variety of celebrity authors who have so far included Muhammad Ali, Howard Stern, Annie Leibovitz, Chuck Palahniuk, Jenna Jameson, Hunter S. Thompson, Norman Mailer, and The Doors. Considered a "cultural fixture" of the Sunset Strip, Book Soup has also been featured as a location in a number of films and television shows.

Sunset Boulevard
Sunset Boulevard is a boulevard in the central and western part of Los Angeles, California, United States, that stretches from the Pacific Coast Highway in Pacific Palisades east to Figueroa Street in downtown Los Angeles. It is a major thoroughfare in the cities of Beverly Hills and West Hollywood (including a portion known as the Sunset Strip), as well as several districts in Los Angeles.
North Adams High School
North Adams High School is a public high school located in Seaman, Adams County, Ohio, United States.  It is one of three high schools in the Adams County/Ohio Valley School District, the other two being Peebles High School and West Union High School.  The district also has a vocational school (Ohio Valley Career and Technical Center).

Ohio High School Athletic Association
The Ohio High School Athletic Association (OHSAA) is the governing body of athletic programs for junior and senior high schools in the U.S. state of Ohio. The OHSAA governs eligibility of student athletes, resolves disputes, organizes levels of competition by divisional separation of schools according to attendance population, and conducts state championship competitions in all the OHSAA-sanctioned sports.
William Joseph O'Connor
William Joseph O'Connor (4 May 1862 –23 November 1892) was a professional oarsman who attempted to win the World Sculling Championship. He was also a tavern-keeper and long distance walker. He was born in Toronto, and grew up in the cities' Irish district of Corktown. His parents were Michael and Ellen O'Connor and he died unmarried in Toronto.

Ned Hanlan
Edward "Ned" Hanlan (12 July 1855 – 4 January 1908) was a Canadian professional sculler, hotelier, and alderman from Toronto, Ontario. He was the world sculling champion from 1880 to 1884. According to Rowing Canada Aviron, Hanlan is "widely regarded as Canada’s first individual sporting hero."
José Miguel Prieto
José Miguel Prieto Castillo (born 22 November 1971) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a central defender.

Nicknamed Shark due to his fierce character, he appeared in 285 competitive games for Sevilla in a 15-year senior career.

2000–01 Segunda División
The 2000–01 Segunda División season saw 22 teams participate in the second flight Spanish league.

The teams that promoted to La Liga (top division) were Sevilla FC, Real Betis and CD Tenerife. The teams that relegated to Segunda División B were SD Compostela, Universidad de Las Palmas CF, Getafe CF and UE Lleida.
Solidarity Memorial
The Solidarity Memorial (Polish: Pomnik „Solidarności”) is a monument in Warsaw, Poland, placed at the intersection of Świętokrzyska and Kopernika Streets, within the North Downtown neighbourhood. It is dedicated to the Solidarity trade union, which throughout the 1980s was a broad anti-authoritarian social movement, using methods of civil resistance to advance the causes of workers' rights and social change, which eventually led to the agreement with the government for the 1989 parliamentary election, the country's first pluralistic election since 1947. The sculpture consists of its large metal logo, cutting through a long concrete block, which incorporates into its structure the fragments of the Berlin Wall. The monument was unveiled on 4 June 2021, on the 32nd anniversary of the 1989 election.

Świętokrzyska Street, Warsaw
Ulica Świętokrzyska (Holy Cross Street) in Warsaw's city centre is one of the Polish city's principal thoroughfares. It links the city's centre with Wola borough.

The street is named for Holy Cross Church, which stands on Krakowskie Przedmieście. Named after the street are a Warsaw Metro station and the Świętokrzyski Bridge.

The street was closed to traffic and trams from 2011 to March 2015 due to the construction of Warsaw's second Metro line (which runs underneath the length of the street).
Kumgyam
Kungyam is a village in the Leh district in the Indian union territory of Ladakh. It is located in the  rong block chumathang, which is primarily administered by Nyoma tehsil. It has more than 40 households. The local Ladakhi language is mainly used, but the people can also understand and communicate in Hindi. Sabgyat is a stupa located at the end of village, which consists of 108 stupas and it is believed to be built by Dakini. In Kungyam, there is a primary and middle school, as well as a health and wellness center.

Nyoma
Nyoma is a principal village of southern Ladakh in India, the headquarters of an eponymous subdivision, tehsil, community development block and Indian Air Force Base in the Leh district. It is located on the bank of the Indus river after its 90-degree bend near Dungti east of Nyoma and before the valley narrows to a gorge near Mahe northwest of Nyoma. The Nyoma tehsil and subdivision cover  all of southern Ladakh, including the Rupshu plains south of Nyoma, the Indus valley of Skakjung north of Nyoma, and the Hanle valley. Nyoma gompa, a Buddhist monastery, is located on the hill slope north of the village.
Onychomadesis
Onychomadesis is a periodic idiopathic shedding of the nails beginning at the proximal end, possibly caused by the temporary arrest of the function of the nail matrix.: 784 : 660  One cause in children is hand, foot, and mouth disease. This generally resolves without complication.

Beau's lines
Beau's lines are deep grooved lines that run from side to side on the fingernail or the toenail. They may look like indentations or ridges in the nail plate.: 657

This condition of the nail was named by a French physician, Joseph Honoré Simon Beau (1806–1865), who first described it in 1846.
Leighton Glynn
Leighton Glynn is a Gaelic football and hurling player from County Wicklow in Ireland. He was born and raised in Glenealy, County Wicklow. He has represented the Wicklow senior GAA teams in both football and hurling. At club level, he plays hurling for Glenealy and football for Rathnew.

2008 International Rules Series
The 2008 International Rules Series was the 14th annual International Rules Series and was played between Ireland and Australia.

After the 2007 series was cancelled by the Gaelic Athletic Association, the Australian Football League and the GAA agreed in 2008 to resume the series.

The matches were played in Australia – 24 October in Perth, Western Australia and 31 October in Melbourne (after the AFL Grand Final and All-Ireland Senior Football Championship).

Ireland won by five points on aggregate after recording victories in both tests.