hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rutherford ministry
The Rutherford Ministry was the combined Cabinet (called Executive Council of Alberta), chaired by Premier Alexander Cameron Rutherford, and Ministers that governed Alberta from the day following the province's Confederation into Canada on September 2, 1905, to part way through the 2nd Alberta Legislature on May 26, 1910.

The Executive Council (commonly known as the cabinet) was made up of members of the Alberta Liberal Party which held a majority of seats in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta. The cabinet was appointed by the Lieutenant Governor of Alberta on the advice of the Premier.

Following the repercussions of the Alberta and Great Waterways Railway scandal, Rutherford resigned as Premier of Alberta on May 26, 1910, and was replaced by Arthur Sifton and the Sifton Ministry.

Lieutenant Governor of Alberta
The lieutenant governor of Alberta (/lɛfˈtɛnənt/) is the representative in Alberta of the monarch. The lieutenant governor is appointed in the same manner as the other provincial viceroys in Canada and is similarly tasked with carrying out most of the monarch's constitutional and ceremonial duties.

Salma Lakhani is the current lieutenant governor. On 26 August 2020, she was installed as the 19th lieutenant governor, becoming the first South Asian and Muslim in Canadian history to hold the role.
Taghachar
Taghachar, also spelled Tajir, Ta'achar (Georgian: ტოღაჩარ, Persian: طغاچار; died c. 1296) was a commander in the Mongol Empire's army. He was one of the conspirators involved in the overthrow of three Ilkhanate khans, and placed the short-lived Baydu on the throne in 1295.

Tumen (unit)
Tumen, or tümen ("unit of ten thousand";
Old Turkic: tümän; Mongolian: Түмэн, tümen; Turkish: tumën), was a decimal unit of measurement used by the Turkic and Mongol peoples to quantify and organize their societies in groups of 10,000.  A tumen denotes an administrative unit of 10,000 households, or a military unit of 10,000 soldiers.

English Orientalist Sir Gerard Clauson (1891-1974) defined tümän as immediately borrowed from Tocharian tmān, which according to Edwin G. Pulleyblank might have been etymologically inherited from Old Chinese tman or 萬.
Conservatism in Colombia
Colombian Conservatism (Spanish: Conservadurismo) is a system of conservative political beliefs in Colombia that is characterized by protectionism, support of Catholic values, social stability and anti-totalitarianism. Its history began with the creation of two conservative political parties in Colombia. One characteristic of the Colombian Conservatism, in contrast to many other geographic subsets of conservatism, is its strong emphasis on protectionism, which is considered by many Colombian conservatives to be necessary to create a fair market.

José Ignacio de Márquez
José Ignacio de Márquez Barreto (7 September 1793 – 21 March 1880) was a Colombian statesman, lawyer and professor, who first served as Vice President of the Republic of the New Granada after being sworn in by congress in 1832, and under the presidency of Francisco de Paula Santander, and subsequently was elected President of the Republic of the New Granada for the presidential term of 1837 to 1841.
Sasha Stefanovic
Aleksandar "Sasha" Stefanovic (Serbian Cyrillic: Александар "Саша" Стефановић; born November 29, 1998) is a Serbian-American former professional basketball player. He played college basketball for the Purdue Boilermakers. He is now an Assistant Coach for Purdue basketball.

Serbian Americans
Serbian Americans or American Serbs, are Americans of ethnic Serb ancestry. As of 2024, there were over 176,000 American citizens who identified as having Serb ancestry, though broader estimates include many of those with Yugoslav ancestry. Serbian Americans represent one of the largest groups within the global Serb diaspora.
Football in Cambodia
The sport of football in the country of Cambodia is run by the Football Federation of Cambodia. It was introduced into the country by French settlers. The association administers the Metfone C-League. Football is the most popular sport in the country.

Cambodian Premier League
The Cambodian Premier League (Khmer: លីគកំពូលកម្ពុជា, Lik Kampul Kampuchea [lik kɑmˈpuːl ˌkampuˈciə]) is a top association football division in Cambodia and administered by the Cambodian Football League Company (CFLC). Contested by 11 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with Cambodian League 2.
Charles Cameron Lees (colonial administrator)
Sir Charles Cameron Lees KCMG (11 March 1837 – 26 July 1898) was a British military officer and colonial administrator.

He was the son of John Campbell Lees, former Chief Justice of the Bahamas.

He was originally commissioned into the 1st West India Regiment, but transferred to the 76th Foot in 1854, was promoted lieutenant, and transferred to the 23rd Foot as adjutant in 1858. He resigned as adjutant in 1864 and retired in 1866, becoming adjutant of the 3rd Derbyshire Rifle Volunteers later that year.

Lees was acting governor of the Gold Coast in 1874, 1876 and 1878–79, Governor of Labuan 1879-1881, Governor of the Bahamas from 1881 to 1884, and Governor of the Leeward Islands from 1884 to 1885. He was 16th Governor of Mauritius from 21 December 1889 to 12 March 1892 and was Governor of British Guiana from 1893 to 1895.

In 1875, he married Maria Ledwell Nugent daughter of Sir Oliver Nugent of Antigua. Lees is buried in Brompton Cemetery, London.

Governor of British Mauritius
The governor of Mauritius was the official who governed the Crown Colony of Mauritius (now Republic of Mauritius) during the British colonial period between 1810 and 1968. Upon the end of British rule and the independence of Mauritius in 1968, this office was replaced by the governor-general, who represented the British monarch and not the Government of the United Kingdom as did the governor. The office of Governor-General was itself abolished in 1992 and replaced by the post of President when Mauritius became a republic.
Lycosoidea
Lycosoidea is a clade or superfamily of araneomorph spiders. The traditional circumscription was based on a feature of the eyes. The tapetum is a reflective layer at the back of the eye, thought to increase sensitivity in low light levels. Lycosoids were then defined by having a "grate-shaped" tapetum. Research from the late 1990s onwards suggests that this feature has evolved more than once, possibly as many as five times, so that the original Lycosoidea is paraphyletic. Studies published in 2014 and 2015 suggest that a smaller group of families does form a clade.

The reflective attributes of the tapeta vary significantly among lycosoid spiders.

Araneomorphae
The Araneomorphae (also called the Labidognatha or "true spiders") are an infraorder of spiders. They are distinguishable by chelicerae (fangs) that point diagonally forward and cross in a pinching action, in contrast to those of Mygalomorphae (tarantulas and their close kin), which point straight down. Araneomorphs comprise the vast majority (about 92%) of living spiders.
Bank fishing
Bank fishing is fishing from banks or shores, typically very near but still above the water's edge. Bank fishing from rocky outcrops that protrude into the water is usually called rock fishing, and that from sand beach into the shoreside surf zone is called surf fishing. Bank fishing is typically done by angling, casting a tethered hook dressed with bait or lure into the water, and is usually performed by a rod often equipped with a reel, but handlines, nets, traps, bows, spears and snag hooks can also be used.

People who fish from a boat can sometimes access more areas in prime locations with greater ease than bank fishermen. However, many people who don't use boats find fishing from a bank has its own advantages. Many factors contribute to success in bank fishing, such as local knowledge, water depth, bank structure, location, time of day, and the types of bait and lures.

Surf fishing
Surf fishing is land-based game fishing while standing on the shoreline or wading into the surf zone.  A general term, surf fishing may or may not include casting a lure or bait, and refers to all types of shore fishing – from sandy and rocky beaches, rock jetties, or even fishing piers.  The terms surfcasting or beachcasting refer more specifically to surf fishing from the beach by casting into the surf at or near the shoreline.  With few exceptions, surf fishing is done in saltwater. The most common misconception about surf fishing is the idea that one must cast as far out as possible in order to reach the fish. At beaches on the west coast of the United States, and in fact, at most beaches around the world, you only really need to get your bait into knee-deep water. This is referred to as surf fishing the "skinny" (the skinny water).
Robert Peverell Hichens
Lieutenant-Commander Robert Peverell Hichens, DSO & Bar, DSC & Two Bars (2 March 1909 – 13 April 1943) was the most highly decorated officer of the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve (RNVR), being awarded two Distinguished Service Orders, three Distinguished Service Crosses and three Mentions in Despatches. He was also recommended for a Victoria Cross after being killed in action in April 1943.

Before the Second World War, Hichens was a keen sportsman who rowed for Magdalen College, Oxford, and competed in the Double sculls at the Henley Regatta. He also competed in International Fourteen sailing events and three times participated in the Fastnet race. On land he raced in hill climbing events in Somerset and also entered the 24 Hours of Le Mans race three times. During the Second World War, he rose in rank to become a lieutenant commander and commanded the 6th Motor Gun Boat Flotilla and later the 8th Motor Gun Boat Flotilla.

QF 2-pounder naval gun
The 2-pounder gun, officially the QF 2-pounder (QF denoting "quick firing") and universally known as the pom-pom, was a 40 mm (1.6 in) British autocannon, used as an anti-aircraft gun by the Royal Navy. The name came from the sound that the original models make when firing. This QF 2-pounder was not the same gun as the Ordnance QF 2-pounder, used by the British Army as an anti-tank gun and a tank gun, although they both fired 2 lb (0.91 kg), 40 mm (1.6 in) projectiles.
2014 Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina general election
General elections were held in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina on 12 October 2014 as part of the Bosnian general elections. Voters elected the 98 members of the House of Representatives of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the assemblies of the cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

House of Representatives of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The House of Representatives of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian: Predstavnički Dom Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine, Croatian: Zastupnički Dom Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine and Serbian Cyrillic: Представнички Дом Федерације Босне и Херцеговине) is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the other being the House of Peoples of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The chamber consists of 98 members which are elected by party-list proportional representation.
Gilles Simeoni
Gilles Simeoni (French pronunciation: [ʒil simeɔni], Corsican: [simɛˈɔni]; born 20 April 1967) is a lawyer and politician in Corsica, France. He was mayor of Bastia from 2014 to 2016 and has been president of the executive council of Corsica since 2015. Notably, Simeoni served as the Corsican nationalist Yvan Colonna's lawyer at his trial for the assassination of Claude Érignac.

Yvan Colonna
Yvan Colonna (Corsican: Ivanu Colonna, [iˈvanu koˈlɔnna]; 7 April 1960 – 21 March 2022) was a Corsican nationalist convicted for the 1998 assassination of the prefect of Corse-du-Sud, Claude Érignac. He was beaten to death in prison by another inmate for "disrespecting Muhammad", sparking riots.
Grønning Church
Grønning Church or Ytre Eidsfjord Church (Norwegian: Grønning kirke / Ytre Eidsfjord kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Hadsel Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located in the tiny village of Grønning along the Eidsfjorden on the island of Langøya. It is the church for the Ytre Eidsfjord parish which is part of the Vesterålen prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1968 using plans drawn up by the architect Ola Stavseth. The church seats about 220 people.

Langøya
Langøya is the third largest island of Norway (outside of Svalbard), with an area of 850.2 square kilometres (328.3 sq mi). The island is a part of the Vesterålen archipelago in Nordland county, Norway. The island includes Bø Municipality and Øksnes Municipality as well as parts of Sortland Municipality and Hadsel Municipality.
Haplogroup F-M89
Haplogroup F, also known as F-M89 and previously as Haplogroup FT, is a very common Y-chromosome haplogroup. The clade and its subclades constitute over 95% of paternal lineages outside of Africa.

The vast majority of individual males with F-M89 fall into its direct descendant Haplogroup GHIJK (F1329/M3658/PF2622/YSC0001299). In addition to GHIJK, haplogroup F has three other immediate descendant subclades: F1 (P91/P104), F2 (M427/M428), and F3 (M481). These three, with F* (M89*), constitute the paragroup F(xGHIJK). They are primarily found throughout South Asia, Southeast Asia and parts of East Asia.

Haplogroup GHIJK branches subsequently split into two direct descendants: G (M201/PF2957) and HIJK (F929/M578/PF3494/S6397). HIJK in turn splits into H (L901/M2939) and IJK (F-L15). The descendants of the haplogroup IJK include the clades I, J, K, and, ultimately, several major haplogroups descended from Haplogroup K, namely: haplogroups M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, L, and T.

Haplogroup S-B254
Haplogroup S also known as S-B254 is a human Y-DNA haplogroup, defined by the SNPs B254 and Z33355. Until 2016, it was known as Haplogroup S1.

S-M254 is the most common haplogroup among males in the Papua New Guinea Highlands. It is also relatively common in some parts of Oceania, Wallacea and among indigenous Australians.

In a major correction to the phylogenetic tree during 2016, Haplogroup S-M230 was "demoted" from the position of basal clade S*, becoming S1a1b, while S-B254 was "promoted" in its place to the level of S*.

It has two primary subclades: S1 (B255) and S2 (P378). The existence of a third subclade, defined by the SNP, P336 has not been confirmed.
Environmental Philosophy (journal)
Environmental Philosophy is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes articles, reviews, and discussions relevant to all areas of environmental philosophy. The journal was established in 2004 and is edited by Marjolein Oele at the University of San Francisco. It is sponsored by the International Association for Environmental Philosophy and is the successor to a previous publication from this Association (Call to Earth).  The journal is published twice yearly in May and November issues by the Philosophy Documentation Center.

Philosophy Documentation Center
The Philosophy Documentation Center (PDC) is a non-profit publisher and resource center that provides access to scholarly materials in applied ethics, classics, philosophy, religious studies, and related disciplines. It publishes academic journals, conference proceedings, anthologies, and online research databases, often in cooperation with scholarly and professional associations. It also provides membership management and electronic publishing services, and hosts electronic journals, series, and other publications from several countries.
Ned Manning
Ned Manning (born 1950) is an Australian playwright, actor and teacher. His film credits include the lead role in Dead End Drive-In (1986), and television credits include The Shiralee and Prisoner, and Brides of Christ. His plays include Us or Them, Milo, Kenny's Coming Home and Close to the Bone. In 2007 Manning played the lead in his own play, Last One Standing, at the Old Fitzroy Theatre in Sydney.

Radio National
ABC Radio National, more commonly known as Radio National or simply RN, is an Australian nationwide public service radio network run by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). From 1947 until 1985, the network was known as ABC Radio 2.
1995 South African Open (tennis)
The 1995 South African Open was a men's tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 90th edition of the South African Open (and the last to take place until 2009), and was part of the ATP World Series of the 1995 ATP Tour. It took place in Johannesburg, South Africa from 3 April through 9 April 1995. Martin Sinner won the singles title.

SA Tennis Open
The SA Tennis Open was a professional men's tennis tournament in South Africa that ran for three years from 2009 to 2011. It marked the return of tennis at the ATP level to South Africa since the South African Open folded, but does not claim its predecessor's history.

The tournament was played on outdoor hard courts, each February at Montecasino in Johannesburg.
Okeechobee, Florida
Okeechobee (US: /oʊkiˈtʃoʊbi/ OH-kee-CHOH-bee) is a city in and the county seat of Okeechobee County, Florida, United States. As of the 2020 US census, the city's population was 5,254.

The Lake Okeechobee area was severely damaged in the 1928 Okeechobee Hurricane, the first recorded Category 5 hurricane in the North Atlantic. This was one of the deadliest hurricanes ever to strike the US.

Okeechobee is served by the Okeechobee County Airport.

Battle of Lake Okeechobee
The Battle of Lake Okeechobee was one of the major battles of the Seminole Wars. It was fought between 1,000 U.S. Army troops of the 1st, 4th, and 6th Infantry Regiments and 132 Missouri Volunteers under the command of Colonel Zachary Taylor, and about 400 Seminole warriors led by chiefs Abiaka, Billy Bowlegs, Halpatter Tustenuggee (Alligator) and Wild Cat on 25 December 1837. The Seminoles defended their large encampment by Lake Okeechobee against an attack by Zachary Taylor's troops. Zachary Taylor's march to Lake Okeechobee was part of a larger offensive into South Florida that was planned by General Thomas Jesup. The battle was a victory for the Seminoles, as they held off the U.S. troops long enough to safely evacuate their encampment. Due to the large number of casualties his troops suffered (especially among the officers), Zachary Taylor was forced to end his offensive into South Florida, and he marched his army over 100 miles back to Tampa Bay.
Nail (fastener)
In woodworking and construction, a nail is a small object made of metal (or wood, called a tree nail or "trunnel") which is used as a fastener, as a peg to hang something, or sometimes as a decoration. Usually, nails have a sharp point on one end and a flattened head on the other, but headless nails are available. Nails are made in a great variety of forms for specialized purposes. The most common is a wire nail. Other types of nails include pins, tacks, brads, spikes, and cleats.

Nails are typically driven into the workpiece by a hammer or nail gun. A nail holds materials together by friction in the axial direction and shear strength laterally. The point of the nail is also sometimes bent over or clinched after driving to prevent pulling out.

Nail Men
Nail Men or Men of Nails (German: Nagelmänner) were a form of propaganda and fundraising for members of the armed forces and their dependents in the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the German Empire in World War I. They consisted of wooden statues (usually of knights in armour) into which nails were driven, either iron (black), or coloured silver or gold, in exchange for donations of different amounts. Some took different forms, including pillars, shields or local coats of arms and crosses, especially the Iron Cross, and in German there are a variety of alternate names for them, including Wehrmann in Eisen or eiserner Wehrmann (Iron Guardian), Nagelfigur, Nagelbild or Nagelbrett (Nail Figure or Nail Board), Wehrschild (Defence Shield) and Kriegswahrzeichen (War Monument). The most famous were the original Wehrmann in Eisen in Vienna and the 'Iron Hindenburg', a 12-metre (39 ft) statue of Hindenburg adjacent to the Victory Column in Berlin.
2008 United States House of Representatives elections in Nevada
The 2008 congressional elections in Nevada were held on November 4, 2008, to determine who would represent the state of Nevada in the United States House of Representatives, coinciding with the presidential election. The election coincided with the 2008 U.S. presidential election. Representatives are elected for two-year terms; those elected would serve in the 111th Congress from January 3, 2009 until January 3, 2011.

Nevada had three seats in the House, apportioned according to the 2000 United States census. Its 2007–2008 congressional delegation consisted of two Republicans and one Democrat. After the election, it consisted of one Republican and two Democrats, with District 3 changing from Republican to Democratic. CQ Politics had forecasted districts 2 and 3 to be at some risk for the incumbent party.

2004 United States House of Representatives elections in Nevada
The 2004 congressional elections in Nevada were elections for Nevada's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred along with congressional elections nationwide on November 2, 2004. Nevada has three seats, as apportioned during the 2000 United States census. Republicans held two of the seats and Democrats held one.
Mother's Wax Museum
Mother's Wax Museum is a wax museum located in Action Area – II of New Town, Kolkata, India on the 5th and 6th floors of the West Bengal Housing Infrastructure Development Corporation building. Established in November 2014, it contains wax statues of more than 50 personalities, including statues of Bollywood actors Amitabh Bachchan, Shah Rukh Khan and Salman Khan. The museum has been named after Mother Teresa.

West Bengal Housing Infrastructure Development Corporation
West Bengal Housing Infrastructure Development Corporation (abbreviated as HIDCO) is a Government of West Bengal owned public sector undertaking headquartered in Narkelbagan, Action Area- I of New Town, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It plans and executes infrastructure and housing development projects in West Bengal which includes buildings, parks, museum, subways, overbridges, drains, sewerage line, water supply lines, beautification works and others.
2001 PBA All-Filipino Cup finals
The 2001 PBA All-Filipino Cup finals was the best-of-7 championship series of the 2001 PBA All-Filipino Cup and the conclusion of the conference's playoffs. The San Miguel Beermen and Barangay Ginebra Kings played for the 78th championship contested by the league.

San Miguel Beermen captured their 16th PBA title, winning their finals series against the Barangay Ginebra Kings in six games.

Danny Seigle won on his fourth finals MVP in All-Filipino Cup finals.

2001 PBA All-Filipino Cup
The 2001 Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) All-Filipino Cup was the first conference of the 2001 PBA season. It started on January 28 and ended on May 18, 2001. The tournament is an All-Filipino format, which doesn't require an import or a pure-foreign player for each team.