hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Backward compatibility
In telecommunications and computing, backward compatibility (or backwards compatibility) is a property of an operating system, software, real-world product, or technology that allows for interoperability with an older legacy system, or with input designed for such a system.

Modifying a system in a way that does not allow backward compatibility is sometimes called "breaking" backward compatibility. Such breaking usually incurs various types of costs, such as switching cost.

A complementary concept is forward compatibility; a design that is forward-compatible usually has a roadmap for compatibility with future standards and products.

Interoperability
Interoperability is a characteristic of a product or system to work with other products or systems. While the term was initially defined for information technology or systems engineering services to allow for information exchange, a broader definition takes into account social, political, and organizational factors that impact system-to-system performance.

Types of interoperability include syntactic interoperability, where two systems can communicate with each other, and cross-domain interoperability, where multiple organizations work together and exchange information.
2018 DFB-Pokal final
The 2018 DFB-Pokal final decided the winner of the 2017–18 DFB-Pokal, the 75th season of the annual German football cup competition. The match was played on 19 May 2018 at the Olympiastadion in Berlin.

The final featured Bayern Munich, the record winners of the competition, and Eintracht Frankfurt, the runners-up of the previous season, making it a rematch of the 2006 final. Eintracht Frankfurt won the match 3–1 to claim their fifth cup title.

As winners, Frankfurt earned the right to host the 2018 edition of the DFL-Supercup at the start of the following season, facing the champions of the 2017–18 edition of the Bundesliga, Bayern Munich. Frankfurt also earned automatic qualification for the group stage of the 2018–19 edition of the UEFA Europa League.

1973 DFB-Pokal final
The 1973 DFB-Pokal final, which decided the winner of the 1972–73 DFB-Pokal, took place on 23 June 1973 between Borussia Mönchengladbach and 1. FC Köln in the Rheinstadion in Düsseldorf. The sports magazine kicker described it as one of the "best, highest energy, and exciting" DFB-Pokal matches ever played. It was in this match that Günter Netzer famously substituted himself on. Shortly after this, Netzer scored what would be the winning goal for Borussia.

As winners, Mönchengladbach qualified for the 1973–74 European Cup Winners' Cup.
Brewster (police dog)
Brewster (2004–2017) was Britain's longest serving police dog. He was an English Springer Spaniel, handled by PC Dave Pert working for the Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire Police Dog Unit.

English Springer Spaniel
The English Springer Spaniel is a breed of gun dog in the Spaniel group traditionally used for flushing and retrieving game. They are descended from the Norfolk or Shropshire Spaniels of the mid-19th century; the breed has diverged into separate show and working lines. It is closely related to the Welsh Springer Spaniel and very closely to the English Cocker Spaniel; less than a century ago, springers and cockers would come from the same litter. The smaller "cockers" were used in woodcock hunting while their larger littermates were used to flush, or "spring", other game birds. In 1902, The Kennel Club recognized the English Springer Spaniel as a distinct breed. They are used as sniffer dogs on a widespread basis.
Colossoemys
Colossoemys is the nomen dubium of an extinct genus of alligatoroid crocodilian. Based on fossils found in the Solimões Formation, the finds were assigned to Emys macrococcygeanus, a turtle that would have inhabited the Amazon Basin of South America during the Pleistocene epoch. The genus was originally named on the basis of two large procoelous vertebrae, a pubis, and a plastral fragment (likely to be from a turtle rather than a crocodilian). The paucity of material associated with the genus has led Colossoemys to be considered a nomen dubium.

Pebas Formation
The Pebas Formation is a lithostratigraphic unit of Miocene age, found in western Amazonia. The formation extends over 1,000,000 square kilometres (390,000 sq mi), including parts of Brazil, Peru, Ecuador and Colombia. It is interpreted as representing the deposits of a lake ("Lake Pebas") or series of lakes, formed within the foreland basin of the Andes mountain belt. It is known for its abundant fossil ostracods and molluscs and an unusually diverse group of crocodylians.
Christy Moore and Friends
Christy Moore and Friends is an album produced by RTÉ and Christy Moore, which contained recordings by various Irish musicians, namely Stockton's Wing, Mary Black and Christy's former band Planxty.

Christy had produced a similar album a year earlier, 1980's H Block, which contained songs of a political matter.

H Block
H Block is an album recorded by various Irish folk artists, and produced by Christy Moore in 1978.

The album's title refers to the "H blocks" at Maze Prison (also known as "Long Kesh") in Northern Ireland, where Irish republican prisoners were held during the Troubles. The subject matter of several of these songs specifically centres on the period of the blanket and dirty protests at Maze and at Armagh Women's Prison. Of the ten tracks, only three are songs with both music and lyrics (Moore's 90 Miles from Dublin plus Hanley's On the Blanket and Brolly's H-Block Song); the other tracks are either instrumentals or spoken-word. The launch of the album was raided by the Special Detective Unit ("Special Branch") of the Republic of Ireland.
Jacques Fabre-Jeune
Jacques Eric Fabre-Jeune, C.S. (born November 13, 1955) is a Haitian-born American prelate of the Catholic Church who has served as bishop of the Diocese of Charleston in South Carolina since 2022.

Fabre-Jeune is the first Haitian-American to head a diocese. Since being ordained a priest in 1986, Fabre-Jeune has worked in Florida, Georgia, the Dominican Republic, and briefly at a refugee camp at Guantanamo Bay.  He is a member of the Congregation of the Missionaries of Saint Charles Borromeo (Scalabrinians).

Wilton Gregory
Wilton Daniel Gregory Jr. (born December 7, 1947) is an American Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Washington from 2019 to 2025. Pope Francis made him a cardinal in 2020, the first of African-American descent.

Gregory previously served as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Chicago from 1983 to 1994; as Bishop of Belleville from 1994 to 2004; and as Archbishop of Atlanta from 2005 to 2019.

Gregory was the first African-American president of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) from 2001 to 2004. He led the USCCB in issuing the "Charter for the Protection of Children and Young People" in response to the sexual abuse scandal in the American Catholic Church.
Podstenje
Podstenje (pronounced [pɔtˈsteːnjɛ]; Italian: Postegna) is a village north of Ilirska Bistrica in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.

The local church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Anthony of Padua and belongs to the Parish of Ilirska Bistrica.

Ilirska Bistrica
Ilirska Bistrica (pronounced [iˈlíːɾska ˈbíːstɾitsa] ⓘ; German: Illyrisch Feistritz; Italian: Villa del Nevoso, before 1927: Bisterza, Hungarian: Illírbeszterce) is a town in the Inner Carniola region of southwestern Slovenia. It is the administrative seat of the Municipality of Ilirska Bistrica.
Khatunasti
Khatunasti (Persian: خاتون استی, also Romanized as Khātūnastī; also known as Khātūnasdī) is a village in Mangur-e Sharqi Rural District, Khalifan District, Mahabad County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 47, in 10 families.

Mangur-e Sharqi Rural District
Mangur-e Sharqi Rural District (Persian: دهستان منگور شرقی) is in Khalifan District of Mahabad County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Abdollah Kordeh. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Hamzehabad.
Crinocheta
Crinocheta is a clade of woodlice that includes the majority of described land-dwelling isopods (Oniscidae). Crinocheta is regarded as monophyletic and the sister group of the clade Synocheta. Some researchers refer to the group of the clades Crinocheta, Synocheta, and Microcheta as Orthogonopoda.

Mesoniscus
Mesoniscus is a genus of woodlice, placed in its own family, Mesoniscidae, and section, Microcheta. It contains two species – Mesoniscus alpicolus and Mesoniscus graniger – that live in Central and Eastern Europe, mostly in and around caves.
Weak key
In cryptography, a weak key is a key, which, used with a specific cipher, makes the cipher behave in some undesirable way. Weak keys usually represent a very small fraction of the overall keyspace, which usually means that, a cipher key made by random number generation is very unlikely to give rise to a security problem.  Nevertheless, it is considered desirable for a cipher to have no weak keys.  A cipher with no weak keys is said to have a flat, or linear,  key space.

Authentication
Authentication (from Greek: αὐθεντικός authentikos, "real, genuine", from αὐθέντης authentes, "author") is the act of proving an assertion, such as the identity of a computer system user. In contrast with identification, the act of indicating a person or thing's identity, authentication is the process of verifying that identity.

Authentication is relevant to multiple fields. In art, antiques, and anthropology, a common problem is verifying that a given artifact was produced by a certain person, or in a certain place (i.e. to assert that it is not counterfeit), or in a given period of history (e.g. by determining the age via carbon dating). In computer science, verifying a user's identity is often required to allow access to confidential data or systems. It might involve validating personal identity documents.
Lankenau Medical Center
Lankenau Medical Center, part of Main Line Health, is a 370-bed acute care, teaching hospital in Penn Wynne, Pennsylvania.

Lankenau Medical Center's clinical areas include the Lankenau Heart Institute, the gastrointestinal and GI endoscopy program, cancer care services, pulmonology, orthopaedics, obstetrics and maternity, including and a level III neonatal intensive care unit, as well as minimally invasive and robotic surgery. The campus is also home to the Lankenau Institute for Medical Research and the Annenberg Center for Medical Education.

Penn Wynne, Pennsylvania
Penn Wynne is a census-designated place (CDP) in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania,  United States. It is part of Lower Merion Township, and the mailing address is Wynnewood. The population was 5,697 at the 2010 census. It is mainly a residential area. The main arteries are Haverford Road and Manoa Road.
Alexander G. Obukhov
Alexander G. Obukhov is an American researcher who specializes in ion channels, molecular physiology, neuroscience, neurophysiology, and vascular disease. His most notable research articles were published in Nature, Journal of Biological Chemistry, EMBO Journal, Journal of Cell Biology, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, and Neuron.

Electrophysiology
Electrophysiology (from Ancient Greek: ἤλεκτρον, romanized: ēlektron, lit. 'amber' [see the etymology of "electron"]; φύσις, physis, 'nature, origin'; and -λογία, -logia) is the branch of physiology that studies the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues.  It involves measurements of voltage changes or electric current or manipulations on a wide variety of scales from single ion channel proteins to whole organs like the heart.  In neuroscience, it includes measurements of the electrical activity of neurons, and, in particular, action potential activity. Recordings of large-scale electric signals from the nervous system, such as electroencephalography, may also be referred to as electrophysiological recordings. They are useful for electrodiagnosis and monitoring.
The Times They Are a-Changin' (Bob Dylan album)
The Times They Are a-Changin' is the third studio album by the American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan. It was released on February 10, 1964, through Columbia Records. Whereas his previous albums, Bob Dylan (1962) and The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan (1963), combined original material and cover songs, this was the   first to feature only original compositions. The album consists mostly of stark, sparsely arranged ballads concerning issues such as racism, poverty, and social change. The title track is one of Dylan's most famous; many feel that it captures the spirit of social and political upheaval that characterized the 1960s.

Some critics and fans were not quite as taken with the album as a whole, relative to his previous work, for its lack of humor or musical diversity. Still, The Times They Are a-Changin' peaked at No. 20 on the US chart, eventually going gold, and belatedly reaching No. 4 in the UK in 1965.

Tim Riley (music critic)
Tim Riley (born 1960) is a music journalist who reviews pop and classical music for NPR, and contributes regularly to the Los Angeles Review of Books. His byline has also appeared in The New York Times, truthdig, the Huffington Post, the Washington Post, Slate and Salon.
Church of St Cuthbert by the Forest
The Church of St Cuthbert by the Forest is in the village of Mouldsworth, Cheshire, England.  It is an active Roman Catholic church in the diocese of Shrewsbury.  Its parish is combined with that of St Thomas Becket, Tarporley.  The church, designed by Liverpool architect F. X. Velarde, is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. The small church is distinguished by its characteristic detached campanile.

Diocese of Shrewsbury
The Diocese of Shrewsbury (Latin: Dioecesis Salopiensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in the Province of Birmingham which encompasses the pre-1974 counties of Shropshire and Cheshire in the North West and West Midlands of England.

The diocese includes rural areas of Shropshire as well as Manchester south of the River Mersey and other urban areas such as  Birkenhead, Stockport and Ellesmere Port. The current bishop, Mark Davies, succeeded on 1 October 2010.
2010–11 FC Barcelona season
The 2010–11 season was FC Barcelona's 112th in existence and the club's 80th consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football. Barcelona started the season with a new president after Joan Laporta reached his term limit on 30 June, leaving behind a very successful club tenure.

Sandro Rosell was elected president on 13 June by securing a record total of 35,021 votes (61.35%), more than the 27,138 achieved by Laporta in 2003. Rosell began his tenure on 1 July as the 39th president in Barcelona's history.

This team is widely considered to be one of the greatest club sides of all time. Former Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson has described this squad as the best he had ever faced.

Joan Laporta
Joan Laporta i Estruch (Catalan pronunciation: [ʒuˈan ləˈpɔɾtə əsˈtɾuk]; born 29 June 1962) is a Spanish businessman, politician and president of Barcelona between 2003–2010 and 2021–2026.

Laporta is a lawyer (he graduated from the University of Barcelona) with his own firm, Laporta & Arbós, which has a number of notable Catalan firms as clients. He served as an MP in the Parliament of Catalonia between 2010 and 2012.

During his first tenure as president of Barcelona, they set a new record for trophies won in a 12-month period, winning six in 2009. After departing in 2010, he was re-elected as club president in 2021.

During Laporta's reign as club president, the sports sections of Barcelona have won over 101 official trophies as of 2025.
John Kerins (Gaelic footballer)
John Kerins (19 July 1962 – 21 August 2001) was an Irish Gaelic football manager and player. In a career that spanned two decades he played at club level with St Finbarr's and at senior inter-county level with the Cork county team.

All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship is an annual Gaelic football tournament which began in season 1970–71. It is the top-tier competition for the senior football clubs of Ireland and London.

The current champions are Dingle of Kerry who defeated St Brigid's of Roscommon on 18 January 2026 to win their first All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship.

The current trophy is the Andy Merrigan Cup, named after a footballer who played for Castletown Liam Mellows and Wexford who died as a result of a farm accident at the height of his playing career. It was first presented in 1974.
1950 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby
The  1950 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby  was won by the selection of Buenos Aires Province ("Provincia") that beat the selection of Capital in the final.

This edition saw the first presence of the selections of La Plata and Río Paranà, formed by team of Santa Fe Province (Rosario excluded) and Entre Ríos. Before this club were part of the Unión de Rugby del Litoral Argentino. Starting from this time, it will be formed only by the club from Rosario.

Club Universitario de Buenos Aires
Club Universitario de Buenos Aires, commonly known for its acronym CUBA, is an Argentine amateur sports club haeadquartered in the city of Buenos Aires. Universitario hosts a large variety of sports and social activities that include aikido, artistic gymnastics, basque pelota, basketball, boxing, contract bridge, fencing, field hockey, football, gymnastics, golf, judo, mountaineering, paddle tennis, rugby union, squash, sailing, scuba diving, skiing, swimming, taekwondo, tennis, volleyball, wing foiling, and windsurf.

Rugby is one of the club's most representative sports, with the senior team currently competing in URBA Top 14, the first division of the Unión de Rugby de Buenos Aires (URBA) league system. CUBA has won 14 URBA titles to date.

Born as a gentlemen's club in 1918, the club did not allow the admission of women until 2018, when its statute was modified in an extraordinary assembly.
1990 United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey
The 1990 United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey were held on November 6, 1990, to determine who would represent the people of New Jersey in the United States House of Representatives. This election coincided with national elections for U.S. House and U.S. Senate. New Jersey had fourteen seats in the House, apportioned according to the 1980 United States census. Representatives are elected for two-year terms.

Despite widespread discontent and anger over tax increases at the state and federal level, all ten incumbent candidates won their races, and the two open seats remained with their respective parties.

1990 United States House of Representatives elections
The 1990 United States House of Representatives elections was an election for the United States House of Representatives on November 6, 1990, to elect members to serve in the 102nd United States Congress. They occurred in the middle of President George H. W. Bush's term. As in most midterm elections, the president's Republican Party lost seats to the Democratic Party, slightly increasing the Democratic majority in the chamber. It was a rare instance, however, in which both major parties lost votes to third parties such as the Libertarian Party as well as independent candidates.

As of 2024, this is the last time any party won at least 260 House seats, or 60 percent of the chamber's seats. It is also the last time a president's party successfully defended an open House seat that the other party won in the previous presidential election, according to Kyle Kondik of Sabato's Crystal Ball; in this case, the Republicans defended Iowa's 2nd congressional district.
Huashenmiao station
Huashenmiao station (simplified Chinese: 花神庙站; traditional Chinese: 花神廟站; pinyin: Huāshénmiào Zhàn; lit. 'Temple of Flower Deity station') is a station of Line 1 of the Nanjing Metro, named after the nearby Ming-era Huashen Temple. It began operations on 28 May 2010, as part of the southern extension of line 1 from Andemen to CPU.

Andemen station
Andemen station (simplified Chinese: 安德门站; traditional Chinese: 安德門站; pinyin: Āndémén Zhàn) is a transfer station of Line 1 and Line 10 of the Nanjing Metro. It started operations on 3 September 2005 as part of Line 1's Phase I that ran north to Maigaoqiao; the previous branch of Line 1 from this station to Olympic Stadium was re-designated as Line 10 when that line opened on 1 July 2014, and Andemen became the eastern terminus of Line 10 at that time.

The station is located in Nanjing's Yuhuatai District; the Line 1 station is situated between Xiaohang Road (小行路) to the west and Andemen Street (安德门大街) to the east, while the Line 10 station is situated along the latter thoroughfare. The two-level station has a total area of 4,860.80 m2 (52,321.2 sq ft), and the Line 1 station is elevated with two side platforms, while the Line 10 station is underground with an island platform.
Dane Richards
Dane O'Brian Richards (born 14 December 1983) is a Jamaican former professional footballer, who played as a winger. He spent the majority of his career with Major League Soccer club New York Red Bulls.

2008 Caribbean Cup
The 2008 Caribbean Cup (known as the Digicel Caribbean Cup for sponsorship reasons) is the 2008 edition of the Caribbean Championship, an international football championship for national teams affiliated with the Caribbean Football Union (CFU) of the CONCACAF region. The finals were held in Jamaica from 3–14 December 2008. The four semifinalists – Jamaica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, and Cuba – all qualified for the 2009 edition of the CONCACAF Gold Cup, although Cuba later withdrew and was replaced by Haiti.

Qualifying began in July 2008. The qualifying rounds were used to qualify a total of six teams to the final round of the tournament to join the hosts, Jamaica, and the reigning champions, Haiti, who were given direct entry to the final group stage. The name was changed this year from Digicel Caribbean Cup to Digicel Caribbean Championship.
76th Siege Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery
76th Siege Battery was a heavy howitzer unit of Britain's Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA) raised in Essex and Suffolk during World War I. It saw active service on the Western Front at the Somme, Vimy Ridge and Passchendaele, against the German Spring Offensive, and in the final Allied Hundred Days Offensive.

Ypres
Ypres (/ˈiːprə/ EE-prə, French: [ipʁ] ⓘ;  Dutch: Ieper [ˈipər] ⓘ; West Flemish: Yper; German: Ypern [ˈyːpɐn] ⓘ) is a Belgian city and municipality in the province of West Flanders. Though 
the Dutch name Ieper is the official one, the city's French name Ypres is most commonly used in English. The municipality comprises the city of Ypres/Ieper and the villages of Boezinge, Brielen, Dikkebus, Elverdinge, Hollebeke, Sint-Jan, Vlamertinge, Voormezele, Zillebeke, and Zuidschote. Together, they are home to about 34,900 inhabitants.

During the First World War, Ypres (or "Wipers" as it was commonly known by the British troops) was the centre of the Battles of Ypres between German and Allied forces.