hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ernst Gehrcke
Ernst J. L. Gehrcke (1 July 1878 in Berlin – 25 January 1960 in Hohen-Neuendorf) was a German experimental physicist. He was director of the optical department at the Reich Physical and Technical Institute. Concurrently, he was a professor at the University of Berlin. He developed the Lummer–Gehrcke method in interferometry and the multiplex interferometric spectroscope for precision resolution of spectral-line structures. As an anti-relativist, he was a speaker at an event organized in 1920 by the Working Society of German Scientists. He sat on the board of trustees of the Potsdam Astrophysical Observatory. After World War II, he worked at Carl Zeiss Jena, and he helped to develop and become the director of the Institute for Physiological Optics at the University of Jena. In 1949, he began work at the German Office for Materials and Product Testing. In 1953, he became the director of the optical department of the German Office for Weights and Measures.

Max von Laue
Max Theodor Felix von Laue (German: [maks fɔn ˈlaʊ̯ə] ⓘ; 9 October 1879 – 24 April 1960) was a German physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1914 "for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals".

In addition to his scientific endeavors with contributions in optics, crystallography, quantum theory, superconductivity, and the theory of relativity, Laue had a number of administrative positions which advanced and guided German scientific research and development during four decades. A strong objector to  Nazism, he was instrumental in re-establishing and organizing German science after World War II.
Beit Jinn
Beit Jinn (Arabic: بيت جن), also known as Bayt Jin, Beit Jann or Beyt Jene, is a village in southern Syria, administratively part of the Rif Dimashq Governorate, located southwest of Damascus on the foothills of Mount Hermon. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Beit Jinn had a population of 2,846 at the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni.

The village is the administrative center of the Beit Jinn subdistrict, which consists of nine villages, with a combined population of 15,668. The subdistrict has Sunni population and contains a Druze religious shrine. Nearby localities include Arnah to the north, Darbal to the northeast, Mazraat Beit Jinn to the east, Harfa to the southeast, and Hader to the southwest. The Nahr al-Awaj river (generally identified with the biblical Pharpar) passes near the town.

Arnah
Arnah (Arabic: عرنة) is a Syrian village in the Qatana District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Arnah had a population of 3,146 at the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Druze and Christians.
EP20
The EP20 (ЭП20) is a type of 6 axle Bo'Bo'Bo' electric passenger locomotive being built for Russian Railways by Transmashholding's Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Plant. The locomotive was designed by TRTrans, a joint venture between Transmashholding and Alstom.

An order for 200 locomotives was placed in 2010, and the first production unit formally presented in 2012.

Dynamic braking
Dynamic braking is the use of an electric traction motor as a generator when slowing a vehicle such as an electric or diesel–electric locomotive. It is termed "rheostatic" if the generated electrical power is dissipated as heat in brake grid resistors, and "regenerative" if the power is returned to the supply line. Dynamic braking reduces wear on friction-based braking components, and regeneration lowers net energy consumption. Dynamic braking may also be used on railcars with multiple units, light rail vehicles, electric trams, trolleybuses, and electric and hybrid electric automobiles.
Mainstream Records
Mainstream Records is an American record company and independent record label founded by producer Bob Shad in 1964.

Mainstream's early releases were reissues from Commodore Records. Its catalogue grew to include Bob Brookmeyer, Maynard Ferguson, Jim Hall, Helen Merrill, Carmen McRae, Jimmy Raney, Zoot Sims, Clark Terry, and Sarah Vaughan. Janis Joplin, with Big Brother and the Holding Company, Ted Nugent & the Amboy Dukes first appeared on Mainstream.

In 1978, Mainstream ceased activities. Bob Shad died in 1985. In 1990, the label was restarted by his daughter, Tamara, and Humphrey Walwyn, the former head of BBC Records. It was bought by Legacy Recordings in 1993 and purchased back by the Shad family in the early 2000s. The label is now run by Shad's granddaughter Mia Apatow, with the help of her brother Judd Apatow.

Clark Terry
Clark Virgil Terry Jr. (December 14, 1920 – February 21, 2015) was an American swing and bebop trumpeter, a pioneer of the flugelhorn in jazz, and a composer and educator.

He played with Charlie Barnet (1947), Count Basie (1948–51), Duke Ellington (1951–59), Quincy Jones (1960), and Oscar Peterson (1964–96). He was with The Tonight Show Band on The Tonight Show from 1962 to 1972. His career in jazz spanned more than 70 years, during which he became one of the most recorded jazz musicians, appearing on over 900 recordings. Terry also mentored Quincy Jones, Miles Davis, Herbie Hancock, Wynton Marsalis, Pat Metheny, Dianne Reeves, and Terri Lyne Carrington.
Eucalyptus kabiana
Eucalyptus kabiana, commonly known as Mt Beerwah mallee, is a species of mallee, rarely a small tree, that is endemic to Queensland. It has smooth white to grey bark, sometimes with a short stocking of rough, fibrous bark at the base. The adult leaves are lance-shaped or curved, the flower buds are arranged in groups of between seven and eleven, the flowers are white and the fruit is hemispherical with protruding valves.

Mallee (habit)
Mallee are trees or shrubs, mainly certain species of eucalypts, which grow with multiple stems springing from an underground lignotuber or xylopodium, usually to a height of no more than 10 m (33 ft). The term is widely used for trees with this  growth habit across southern Australia, in the states of Western Australia, South Australia, New South Wales and Victoria, and has given rise to other uses of the term, including the ecosystems where such trees predominate, specific geographic areas within some of the states and as part of various species' names.
Petrolina Social Futebol Clube
Petrolina Social Futebol Clube, also known simply as Petrolina, is a Brazilian football club founded in 1998 in Petrolina, Pernambuco. The first appearance in the Série A1 (top level of Pernambuco Football) was in 2002. The biggest competitor of Petrolina is the 1º de Maio Esporte Clube, also a club of Petrolina.

Petrolina
Petrolina is a municipality located in the southernmost point of the state of Pernambuco, in Northeast Brazil, in the valley of the São Francisco River. The population was 354,317 in 2020, and the total area is 4,756.8 km2, making it the largest municipality in the state by area. The municipality is closely integrated with Juazeiro, Bahia, located on the opposite bank of the São Francisco.
Xinzhen Subdistrict, Beijing
Xinzhen Subdistrict (Chinese: 新镇街道; pinyin: Xīnzhèn Jiēdào) is a subdistrict located on northeastern Fangshan District, Beijing, China. It borders Qinglonghu Town to the north, and Yanchun Town to the south. As of 2020, the subdistrict had 10,681 inhabitants living inside its borders.

This region was developed for research in atomic energy starting in 1950. The name Xinzhen (Chinese: 新镇; lit. 'New Town') was given by Guo Moruo during his visit of a local research facility in 1958.

Fangshan, Beijing
Fangshan District (Chinese: 房山区; pinyin: Fángshān Qū) is a district of the city of Beijing. It is situated in the southwest of Beijing, 38 km (24 mi) away from downtown Beijing. It has an area of 2,019 square kilometres (780 sq mi) and a population of 1,312,778 (2020 Census).

The district administers 8 subdistricts, 14 towns, and 6 townships.
Modern pentathlon at the 2015 Pan American Games – Women's
The women's Individual competition of the modern pentathlon events at the 2015 Pan American Games was held on July 18 at the CIBC Pan Am/Parapan Am Aquatics Centre and Field House.

The top placed North American and South American athlete, along with the next three best athletes in each event (maximum one per country) will qualify for the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Modern pentathlon at the 2015 Pan American Games
Modern pentathlon competitions at the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto was held on July 18 and 19 at the CIBC Pan Am/Parapan Am Aquatics Centre and Field House, where a temporary show jumping ring, pistol shooting range and cross-country course was constructed to host the final round of fencing, jumping and combined events. A total of two events (one for each gender) was contested.

The top placed North American and South American athlete, along with the next three best athletes in each event qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
All Dogs
All Dogs is a pop punk quartet from Columbus, Ohio. Its members are singer/guitarist Maryn Jones, who has also played with Saintseneca, drummer Jesse Wither, who has also played with the punk band Delay, bassist Amanda Bartley of the band Swearin’, and guitarist Nick Harris, who also played in the Philadelphia based band Slaughter Beach, Dog.

Swearin'
Swearin' is a Philadelphia-based musical group made up of singer/guitarist Allison Crutchfield, guitarist/singer Kyle Gilbride, bassist Keith Spencer and drummer Jeff Bolt. They released two albums and an EP. The band split in 2015 and Crutchfield embarked on a solo career. In November 2017, Swearin' announced that they had reunited and would go on tour in support of Superchunk in 2018.
Balsaminol B
Balsaminol B or 7β-methoxycucurbita-5,24-diene-3β,23(R),29-triol,  is a chemical compound with formula C31H52O4, found in the balsam apple vine (Momordica balsamina).  It is a cucurbitane-type triterpenoid, related to cucurbitacin, isolated by C. Ramalhete and others in 2009.

Balsaminol B is an amorphous powder soluble in methanol and ethyl acetate, but insoluble in n-hexane. It is cytotoxic at about 50 μM.

Triterpene
Triterpenes are a class of terpenes composed of six isoprene units with the molecular formula C30H48; they may also be thought of as consisting of three terpene units. Animals, plants and fungi all produce triterpenes, including squalene, the precursor to all steroids.
Hassan El-Shazly
Hassan Ahmed El-Shazly (Arabic: حسن أحمد الشاذلي; 13 November 1943 – 20 April 2015) was an Egyptian footballer. He is considered as a historic player of Tersana. He was described as a "devastating shooter" and "lethal with both feet". He also played for Egypt national football team and is the Africa Cup of Nations all-time top Egyptian scorer, and the all-time top scorer of the Egyptian Premier League. El-Shazly is widely regarded as one of the best forwards in the history of African football.

1963 African Cup of Nations
The 1963 African Cup of Nations was the fourth edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, the association football championship of Africa (CAF). For the third consecutive time the hosts won the African Cup. The format was changed to two groups of 3 teams each, with the group winners playing the final, and the runners-up playing the third place playoff. The final in Accra on 1 December saw the hosts beating Sudan 3–0 to win the title.

This tournament, and the previous one, are the only Africa Cup of Nations tournaments with more than four goals-per-game average.
2014–15 FC Basel season
The 2014–15 FC Basel season was the 122nd season in club history and the club's 20th consecutive season in the top flight of Swiss football.

Basel were the reigning Swiss Super League champions. They prepared their season with various warm-up matches against teams from Switzerland, Austria and Czech Republic. Their 2014–15 Swiss Super League season began on 19 July with an away game against Aarau. Basel qualified for the 2014–15 UEFA Champions League, starting in the group stage. They were drawn in Group B against Real Madrid, Liverpool and Ludogorets Razgrad and started on 16 July with an away tie against Real Madrid at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium. In the first round of the 2014–15 Swiss Cup, played on 23 August 2014, Basel were drawn away against CS Italia. The final was played on 7 June 2015.

FC Aarau
FC Aarau is a Swiss professional football club based in Aarau. Founded in 1902, the club competes in the Swiss Challenge League, the second tier of Swiss football after being relegated from the Swiss Super League.
Yaropolk Rostislavich
Yaropolk III Rostislavich (11XX - 1182?) was a grand prince of Vladimir between 1174 and 1175. He was a nephew of Andrey Bogolyubsky. In 1173, Andrey seized Kiev (Kyiv) from Roman I of Kiev and gave it to his brother Mikhalko Yuriyevich, who in turn gave it to his brother Vsevolod the Big Nest and Yaropolk Rostislavich. However on March 24, 1173, Roman's brothers retaliated against Vsevolod and Yaropolk, taking them captive and giving Kiev to Rurik Rostislavich.

Grand Prince of Vladimir
The Prince of Vladimir, from the 1186 Grand Prince of Vladimir (Russian: Великий князь Владимирский), also translated as Grand Duke of Vladimir, was the title of the monarch of Vladimir-Suzdal. The title was passed to the prince of Moscow in 1389.
CapCut
CapCut, known domestically as JianYing (Chinese: 剪映; pinyin: Jiǎnyìng) and formerly internationally as ViaMaker, is a video editor developed by ByteDance, available as a mobile app, desktop app, and web app.

Video editing software
Video editing software or a video editor is software used for performing the post-production video editing of digital video sequences on a non-linear editing system (NLE). It has replaced traditional flatbed celluloid film editing tools and analog video tape editing machines.

Video editing software serves a lot of purposes, such as filmmaking, audio commentary, and general editing of video content.

In NLE software, the user manipulates sections of video, images, and audio on a sequence. These clips can be trimmed, cut, and manipulated in many different ways. When editing is finished, the user exports the sequence as a video file.
Vyazemsky Uyezd
Vyazemsky Uyezd (Вяземский уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Smolensk Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northeastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Vyazma.

Vyazma
Vyazma (Russian: Вязьма) is a town and the administrative center of Vyazemsky District in Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Vyazma River, about halfway between Smolensk, the administrative center of the oblast, and Mozhaysk. Throughout its turbulent history, it defended western approaches to Moscow. Population: 57,101 (2010 Census); 57,545 (2002 Census); 59,022 (1989 Soviet census); 44,000 (1970).
Insect collecting
Insect collecting refers to the collection of insects and other arthropods for scientific study or as a hobby. Most insects are small and the majority cannot be identified without the examination of minute morphological characters, so entomologists often make and maintain insect collections. Very large collections are preserved in natural history museums or universities where they are maintained and studied by specialists. Many college courses require students to form small collections. There are also amateur entomologists and collectors who keep collections.

Historically, insect collecting has been widespread and was in the Victorian age a very popular educational hobby. Insect collecting has left traces in European cultural history, literature and songs, e.g., Georges Brassens's La chasse aux papillons (The Hunt for Butterflies). The practice is particularly common among Japanese youths.

Cultural history
Cultural history records and interprets past events involving human beings through the social, cultural, and political milieu of or relating to the arts and manners that a group favors. Jacob Burckhardt (1818–1897) helped found cultural history as a discipline. Cultural history studies and interprets the record of human societies by denoting the various distinctive ways of living built up by a group of people under consideration. Cultural history involves the aggregate of past cultural activity, such as ceremony, class in practices, and the interaction with locales. It combines the approaches of anthropology and history to examine popular cultural traditions and cultural interpretations of historical experience.
Normustine
Normustine, also known as bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid, is a nitrogen mustard and alkylating antineoplastic agent (i.e., chemotherapy agent). It is a metabolite of a number of antineoplastic agents that have been developed for the treatment of tumors, including estramustine phosphate, alestramustine, cytestrol acetate, and ICI-85966 (stilbostat), but only the former of which has actually been marketed.

Alkylating antineoplastic agent
An alkylating antineoplastic agent is an alkylating agent used in cancer treatment that attaches to DNA via an alkyl group.

Since cancer cells, in general, proliferate faster and with less error-correcting than healthy cells, cancer cells are more sensitive to DNA damage—such as being alkylated. Alkylating agents are used to treat several cancers. However, they are also toxic to normal cells (cytotoxic), particularly cells that divide frequently, such as those in the gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow, testicles and ovaries, which can cause loss of fertility. Most of the alkylating agents are also carcinogenic.
2016 CAF Confederation Cup final
The 2016 CAF Confederation Cup final was the final of the 2016 CAF Confederation Cup, the 13th edition of the CAF Confederation Cup, Africa's secondary club football competition organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF).

The final was contested in two-legged home-and-away format between MO Béjaïa of Algeria and TP Mazembe of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The first leg was hosted by MO Béjaïa at the Stade Mustapha Tchaker in Blida on 29 October 2016, while the second leg was hosted by TP Mazembe at the Stade TP Mazembe in Lubumbashi on 6 November 2016. The winner earned the right to play in the 2017 CAF Super Cup against the winner of the 2016 CAF Champions League.

TP Mazembe defeated MO Béjaïa 5–2 on aggregate to win the competition for the first time in its history.

Blida
Blida (Arabic: البليدة, romanized: al-bulaydah) is a city in Algeria. It is the capital of Blida Province, and it is located about 45 km south-west of Algiers, the national capital. The name Blida, i.e. bulaydah, is a diminutive of the Arabic word belda, city.
Centre for European Policy
The Centre for European Policy (German: cep | Centrum für Europäische Politik ) (cep) is a German think tank whose task it is to evaluate the European Union's draft laws and legislation on the basis of ordoliberal free market criteria. Established in 2006 under the umbrella of the Stiftung Ordnungspolitik foundation, the cep is based in Freiburg. It is headed by Lüder Gerken, chairman of the executive board of the Stiftung Ordnungspolitik and the Friedrich-August-von-Hayek Foundation. Members of the board of trustees include Roman Herzog, Leszek Balcerowicz, Frits Bolkestein, Udo Di Fabio, Jürgen Stark, Holger Steltzner and Hans Tietmeyer.

Ordoliberalism
Ordoliberalism is the German variant of economic liberalism that emphasizes the need for government to ensure that the free market produces results close to its theoretical potential.

Ordoliberal ideals became the foundation of the creation of the post-World War II German social market economy and its attendant Wirtschaftswunder. The term "ordoliberalism" (German: Ordoliberalismus) was coined in 1950 by Hero Moeller and refers to the academic journal ORDO.
Parajana lamani
Parajana lamani is a moth in the family Eupterotidae described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1906. The Global Lepidoptera Names Index has Parajana gabunica listed as a synonym of this species. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kongo Central, Orientale) and Togo.

Parajana gabunica
Parajana gabunica is a moth in the family Eupterotidae described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1892. It is found in Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Orientale), Gabon and Kenya.
The Range (University of Virginia)
The Range is a community at University of Virginia for graduate students. The structure was designed by Thomas Jefferson as part of the original design. There are fifty-two rooms, which run parallel to the Lawn in rows. There are six "hotels" on the Range, three on each side. Originally used as dining facilities, the hotels today include a number of administrative office spaces as well as the Jefferson Literary and Debating Society. Previous Range residents who have become well-known include Edgar Allan Poe (13 W. Range) and Woodrow Wilson (31 W. Range). Pi Kappa Alpha maintains 47 W. Range, where it was founded on March 1, 1868.

Jefferson Literary and Debating Society
The Jefferson Literary and Debating Society (commonly known as "Jeff Society" or "Jeff Soc") is the oldest continuously existing collegiate debating society in North America. The society was founded on July 14, 1825, in Room Seven, West Lawn at the University of Virginia by 16 disgruntled members of the Patrick Henry Society.  Named for the founder of the university, Thomas Jefferson, the society regularly meets on Friday evenings at "The Hall" in the Lawn.

The society's members have included several presidents of the United States, a British prime minister as well as governors, senators and congresspeople. Its motto, Haec Olim Meminisse Iuvabit, is taken from Virgil's Aeneid and roughly translates to, "In the future it will be pleasing to remember these things." Its Greek name ΦΠΘ, initials for Φίλοί, Πατρίς, θεός (philoi, patris, theos, or "brotherhood, fatherland, divinity"), makes the society the second-oldest Greek-lettered organization in the United States.
Sulfur isotope biogeochemistry
Sulfur isotope biogeochemistry is the study of the distribution of sulfur isotopes in biological and geological materials. In addition to its common isotope, 32S, sulfur has three rare stable isotopes: 34S, 36S, and 33S. The distribution of these isotopes in the environment is controlled by many biochemical and physical processes, including biological metabolisms, mineral formation processes, and atmospheric chemistry. Measuring the abundance of sulfur stable isotopes in natural materials, like bacterial cultures, minerals, or seawater, can reveal information about these processes both in the modern environment and over Earth history.

Biogeochemistry
Biogeochemistry is the scientific discipline that involves the study of the chemical, physical, geological, and biological processes and reactions that govern the composition of the natural environment (including the biosphere, the cryosphere, the hydrosphere, the pedosphere, the atmosphere, and the lithosphere). In particular, biogeochemistry is the study of biogeochemical cycles, the cycles of chemical elements such as carbon and nitrogen, and their interactions with and incorporation into living things transported through earth scale biological systems in space and time. The field focuses on chemical cycles which are either driven by or influence biological activity. Particular emphasis is placed on the study of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, iron, and phosphorus cycles. Biogeochemistry is a systems science closely related to systems ecology.