hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Optatus of Thamugadai
Optatus of Thamugadi was, from 388 to 398, a donatist bishop in the city of Thamugadi (Timgad) in the Roman province of Numidia. He was an important subject in the anti-donatistic polemic of Augustine, who was at that time a bishop in Hippo Regius and who called him evil.

Optatus was associated both with the militant Circumcellions, which are regarded as adherents of the Donatists, as well as with the renegade Roman general Gildo. Augustine made Optatus responsible for attacks on Catholics, but also at the anti-Donatist opponents, the Maximinianists.

Hippo Regius
Hippo Regius (also known as Hippo or Hippone) is the ancient name of the modern city of Annaba, Algeria. It served as an important city for the Phoenicians, Berbers, Romans, and Vandals. Hippo was the capital city of the Vandal Kingdom from AD 435 to 439.  After the Vandal capture of Carthage in 439, Carthage became the capital.

It was the focus of several early Christian councils and home to Augustine of Hippo, a Church Father highly important in Western Christianity.
Dumluca, Derik
Dumluca (Kurdish: Sîpnat) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Derik, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Metînan tribe and had a population of 543 in 2021.

Derik, Turkey
Derik (Kurdish: Dêrîka Çiyayê Mazî) is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,381 km2, and its population is 62,028 (2022). Derik is situated in Mardin Province within the predominantly Kurdish-speaking region of southeastern Turkey. The district's population is largely Kurdish-speaking, reflecting the broader demographic character of Mardin Province.
Cinobufotenine
Cinobufotenine, also known as bufotenium, bufoteninium, or 5-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptaminium, is a quaternary ammonium cation as well as a derivative of 5-hydroxytryptamine, It is the parent compound for bufotenidine. The compound is a powerful stimulant of the parasympathetic ganglia, activates nicotine-sensitive acetylcholine receptors, сinobufotenine is highly active on the ileum.

It is similar to bufotenidine in that it does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier and is therefore peripherally selective. Cinobufotenine has very little activity or low affinity at the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor, possessing less than one thousandth the potency of 5-hydroxytryptamine. and also has a stimulation of cardiac activity, ten times less than the activity of adrenaline chloride, has a low miotic effect and increases the tone of the isolated intestine and uterus.

Quaternary ammonium cation
In organic chemistry, quaternary ammonium cations, also known as quats, are positively-charged polyatomic ions of the structure [NR4]+, where R is an alkyl group, an aryl group or organyl group. Unlike the ammonium ion (NH+4) and the primary, secondary, or tertiary ammonium cations, the quaternary ammonium cations are permanently charged, independent of the pH of their solution. Quaternary ammonium salts or quaternary ammonium compounds (called quaternary amines in oilfield parlance) are salts of quaternary ammonium cations. Polyquats are a variety of engineered polymer forms which provide multiple quat molecules within a larger molecule.

Quats are used in consumer applications including as antimicrobials (such as detergents and disinfectants), fabric softeners, and hair conditioners. As an antimicrobial, they are able to inactivate enveloped viruses (such as SARS-CoV-2). Quats tend to be gentler on surfaces than bleach-based disinfectants, and are generally fabric-safe.
Tjøtta
Tjøtta is a village in Alstahaug Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located on the southern tip of the island of Tjøtta, which is located south of the large island of Alsta. The village is located on an island, but it does have a mainland road connection via Norwegian County Road 17 and a series of bridges heading north to the town of Sandnessjøen. The historic Tjøtta Church is located in the village.

The 0.33-square-kilometre (82-acre) village had a population (2017) of 214 and a population density of 648 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,680/sq mi). Since 2017, the population and area data for this village area has not been separately tracked by Statistics Norway.

The climate is mild, compared with most of Northern Norway, with a long summer suited for agriculture. The monthly 24-hr averages range from −1.8 °C (28.8 °F) in the coldest month to 13 °C (55 °F) in both July and August. The average yearly rainfall is 1,020 millimetres (40 in).

Sandnessjøen
Sandnessjøen is a town and the administrative centre of Alstahaug Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. Sandnessjøen was granted special trading privileges in the late 1600s, but it did not receive town status until 1999. Sandnessjøen is located on the west coast of the island of Alsta, just west of the De syv søstre (lit. 'The Seven Sisters') mountain range.

The town is a transportation hub for the Helgeland region, as well as a commercial and business centre for the region. The 4.25-square-kilometre (1,050-acre) town has a population (2024) of 6,056 and a population density of 1,425 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,690/sq mi).

Sandnessjøen Airport, Stokka is located south of the town. Beginning in late June 2011, the regional airline Widerøe launched direct flights in summer between Sandnessjøen Airport and Oslo Airport, Gardermoen.
GlnALG operon
The glnALG operon is an operon that regulates the nitrogen content of a cell. It codes for the structural gene glnA the two regulatory genes glnL and glnG. glnA encodes glutamine synthetase, an enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of glutamate and ammonia to glutamine, thereby controlling the nitrogen level in the cell. glnG encodes NRI which regulates the expression of the glnALG operon at three promoters, which are glnAp1, glnAp2 located upstream of glnA) and glnLp (intercistronic glnA-glnL region). glnL encodes  NRII  which regulates the activity of NRI.
No significant homology is found in Eukaryotes.

Structural gene
The terms structural gene and regulatory gene date back to the mid-1960s and the work on the lac operon and the synthesis of proteins in E. coli. In that system, a single regulatory region was detected that affected the production of the proteins now known to compose the lac operon. At that time, the function of the regulatory region was not known but it was referred to as a regulatory "gene" in order to distinguish it from the known protein-coding genes.

We now know that the original regulatory "gene" encodes a regulatory protein and that other parts of the regulatory region are not genes but transcription factor binding sites.

The terms "structural gene" is no longer used in molecular biology but regulatory gene is still sometimes used to refer to genes that produce regulatory molecules (protein or RNA).
Vilimeeste
Vilimeeste is a village in Viljandi Parish, Viljandi County, Estonia. Until the 2017 administrative reform of Estonian municipalities the village was located in Tarvastu Parish. Vilimeeste is 17 km (10 miles) southeast of the town of Viljandi and 5.9 km (4 miles) northwest of the small borough of Mustla. Neighboring villages include Ämmuste and Holstre. As of 2011, the population on Vilimeeste was 51, a slight decrease from 53 in the 2000 census.

Ämmuste
Ämmuste is a village in Viljandi Parish, Viljandi County, Estonia. Until the 2017 administrative reform of Estonian municipalities the village was located in Tarvastu Parish. It is located 6.4 km (3.9 miles) south of the small borough of Mustla and 24 km (14.9 miles) southwest of the town of Viljandi near the border of Valga County. As of 2011, Ämmuste had a population of 15 residents, a decrease from 22 in the 2000 census. These figures, however, do not reflect the population number when students and faculty of Ämmuste School are factored in.

Ämmuste is home to Ämmuste Kool (Ämmuste School), an educational facility founded in 1825 that boards approximately 80 special needs students from Viljandi and Valga Counties and a staff of 43 individuals in three buildings.
Rugby union at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Rugby union at the 1908 Summer Olympics. The event was summarised under the "Football" heading along with association football. The host Great Britain was represented by Cornwall, the 1908 county champion. Defending Olympic champions France withdrew, leaving Australasia, (represented in rugby by the Australia national team exclusively) as the only other remaining entrant.

Australasia at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Australasia was the name of a combined team from Australia and New Zealand that competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom. It was the fourth appearance of Australia, which had not missed any edition of the Summer Olympic Games, and the first appearance of New Zealand. The two would compete together again as Australasia at the 1912 Summer Olympics before competing separately at every edition of the Summer Games since. In 1908 there were three New Zealanders, Harry Kerr, Henry Murray and Albert Rowland (a fourth New Zealander, hurdler Arthur Halligan, competed for Great Britain); all other competitors were Australian. There were 30 competitors for Australasia who competed in 20 events in six sports. A further two competitors, who were to compete in tennis, did not play as their nominations failed to reach the organisers.

The team competed under the Australian red ensign.
Moyale, Mzuzu
Moyale is a populated township in Northern Region, Malawi. It is located inside Mzuzu city in Mzimba District. Its neighbourhood include Luwinga, and Chiputula. The town is home to the Moyale Football Club and Moyale Barracks.

Luwinga, Mzuzu
Luwinga is a town north of Mzuzu city in Mzimba District, Malawi and forms part of the Mzuzu municipality. Institutions found in Luwinga include the third biggest referral hospital in Malawi, Mzuzu Central Hospital, and a regional university, Mzuzu University.
Ahimsa silk
Ahimsa silk (ahiṃsā: Sanskrit for 'nonviolence'), also known as peace silk is a method of nonviolent silk breeding and harvesting. Wild silk moths are bred rather than the domestic variety. It allows the completion of the metamorphosis of the silkworm to its moth stage, whereas most silk harvesting requires the silkworms to be killed in their cocoon stage. Allegedly, no animals suffer or die for the silk to be produced, making it a favourable alternative to normal silk for those who object to harming animals.

Samia cynthia
Samia cynthia, the ailanthus silkmoth, is a saturniid moth, used to produce silk fabric but not as domesticated as the silkworm, Bombyx mori. The moth has very large wings of 113–125 mm (4.4–4.9 in), with a quarter-moon shaped spot on both the upper and lower wings, whitish and yellow stripes and brown background. There are eyespots on the outer forewings. The species was first described by Dru Drury in 1773.
Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
The Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (UzSSR), also known as Soviet Uzbekistan, the Uzbek SSR, or simply Uzbekistan and rarely Uzbekia, was a union republic of the Soviet Union. It was governed by the Uzbek branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the legal political party, from 1925 until 1990. From 1990 to 1991, it was a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation.

Beginning 20 June 1990, the Uzbek SSR adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty within its borders. Islam Karimov became the republic's inaugural president.

On 31 August 1991, the Uzbek SSR was renamed the Republic of Uzbekistan and declared independence three months before the Soviet Union's dissolution on 26 December 1991.

Uzbekistan was bordered by Kazakhstan to the north; Tajikistan to the southeast; Kirghizia to the northeast; Afghanistan to the south; and Turkmenistan to the southwest.

Jizzakh Region
Jizzakh Region is one of the regions of Uzbekistan. It is located in the center/east of the country. It borders Tajikistan to the south and south-east, Samarqand Region to the west, Navoiy Region to the north-west, Kazakhstan to the north, and Sirdaryo Region to the east. It covers an area of 21,210 km2. The population is 1,443,408 (2024 estimate) with 53% living in rural areas.

The regional capital is Jizzakh (pop. 212,689, 2024). Other major towns include Doʻstlik, Gagarin, Gʻallaorol, Paxtakor, and Dashtobod. Jizzakh Region was formerly a part of Sirdaryo Region but was given separate status in 1973.
Fort Montgomery (Alabama)
Fort Montgomery was a stockade fort built in August 1814 in present-day Baldwin County, Alabama (then Mississippi Territory), during the Creek War, which was part of the larger War of 1812. The fort was built by the United States military in response to attacks by Creek warriors on encroaching American settlers and in preparation for further military action in the War of 1812. Fort Montgomery continued to be used for military purposes but in less than a decade was abandoned. Nothing exists at the site today.

Conecuh River
The Conecuh River (upper portion) and Escambia River (lower portion) are a single 258-mile-long (415 km) river in the southern United States, which flows from Alabama through Florida into the Gulf of Mexico.

The Conecuh River rises near Union Springs, Alabama and flows 198 miles (319 km) in a general southwesterly direction into Florida near the town of Century. The Conecuh is dammed at two points in Covington County: at the Gantt Dam (6.57 miles north of Andalusia) and at the Point A Dam (4.23 miles northwest of Andalusia, inside the town limits of River Falls). The river's name changes from the Conecuh to the Escambia at the junction of Escambia Creek, 1.2 miles (1.9 km) downstream from the Florida-Alabama line. After this point, the Escambia River flows 60 miles (97 km) south to Escambia Bay, an arm of Pensacola Bay.

The river is dredged in the lower course.
Vardzia
Vardzia (Georgian: ვარძია [vaɾdzia]) is a cave monastery site in southern Georgia, excavated from the slopes of the Erusheti Mountain on the left bank of the Kura River, thirty kilometres from Aspindza. The main period of construction was the second half of the twelfth century. The caves stretch along the cliff for some five hundred meters and in up to nineteen tiers. The monastery was an important cultural center, a place of significant literary and artistic work.

The Church of the Dormition, dating to the 1180s during the golden age of Tamar and Rustaveli, has an important series of wall paintings. The site was largely abandoned after the Ottoman takeover in the sixteenth century. Now part of a state heritage reserve, the extended area of Vardzia-Khertvisi has been submitted for future inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Eastern Orthodox church architecture
Eastern Orthodox church architecture constitutes a distinct, recognizable family of styles among church architectures. These styles share a cluster of fundamental similarities, having been influenced by the common legacy of Byzantine architecture from the Eastern Roman Empire. Some of the styles have become associated with the particular traditions of one specific autocephalous Eastern Orthodox patriarchate, whereas others are more widely used within the Eastern Orthodox Church.

These architectural styles have held substantial influence over cultures outside Eastern Orthodoxy; particularly in the architecture of Islamic mosques, but also to some degree in Western churches.
Planet Hollywood bombing
The Planet Hollywood bombing was a Islamic terrorist bomb attack that took place at the Planet Hollywood restaurant at the V&A Waterfront in Cape Town, South Africa. On the night of 25 August 1998 a bomb detonated beneath the footrest of the bar at the restaurant. One victim died in the blast whilst a second victim died later in hospital. A number of victims lost limbs in the blast and were permanently maimed including a 12-year-old British tourist. The United States government sent FBI agents to assist in the investigation of the blast.

The attack was committed by the vigilante group Muslims Against Global Oppression later known as People Against Gangsterism and Drugs (PAGAD). PAGAD admitted they committed the attack stating that it was done in retaliation for American air-raids in Sudan and Afghanistan.

People Against Gangsterism and Drugs
People Against Gangsterism and Drugs (PAGAD) is a group formed in 1996 in the Cape Flats area of Cape Town, South Africa. The organisation came to prominence for acts against gangsters, including arson and murder.
Moi Air Base
Moi Air Base, formerly known as RAF Eastleigh and Eastleigh Airport (ICAO: HKRE) is a military airport located to the east of Nairobi, in the Eastleigh suburb.  The airport is used by the Kenya Air Force. Additionally, the airfield is the home of the East African School of Aviation run by the Kenya Civil Aviation Authority, which was established at the airport in 1954 as the DCA training school.  The airport is also used to train Kenyan Air Cadets.

Due to its military status, the airport is not shown in any official map of Nairobi.  Instead, the area is left blank.  This does not affect Google Earth, though.

Jomo Kenyatta International Airport
Jomo Kenyatta International Airport (IATA: NBO, ICAO: HKJK) is an international airport serving Nairobi, the capital and largest city of Kenya. The other three important international airports in Kenya include Kisumu International Airport, Moi International Airport and Eldoret International Airport. Located in the Embakasi suburb 18 kilometres (11 mi) southeast of Nairobi's central business district, the airport has scheduled flights to destinations in over 50 countries. Originally named Embakasi Airport, the airport's name was changed in 1978 to honour Jomo Kenyatta, who was Kenya's first president and Prime Minister. The airport served over 9 million passengers in 2024, making it the sixth busiest airport in passenger traffic on the continent. It also handled over 364,000 tonnes of cargo & mail in 2024, making it the top airport in freight traffic on the continent.

The postal code for Jomo Kenyatta International Airport (JKIA) is 00501.
Small Cajal body specific RNA 14
In molecular biology, Small Cajal body specific RNA 14 (also known as scaRNA14 or U100) is a small nucleolar RNA found in Cajal bodies.

scaRNAs are a specific class of small nucleolar RNAs which localise to the Cajal bodies and guide the modification of RNA polymerase II transcribed spliceosomal RNAs U1, U2, U4, U5 and U12.
U100 belongs to the H/ACA box class of guide RNAs as it has the predicted hairpin-hinge-hairpin-tail structure and the conserved H/ACA-box motifs.

U100 is the human orthologue of mouse H/ACA snoRNA MBII-201 which is also included in this family.
U100 is predicted to guide the pseudouridylation of U2 snRNA at residue U7.

U1 spliceosomal RNA
U1 spliceosomal RNA is the small nuclear RNA (snRNA) component of U1 snRNP (small nuclear ribonucleoprotein), an RNA-protein complex that combines with other snRNPs, unmodified pre-mRNA, and various other proteins to assemble a spliceosome, a large RNA-protein molecular complex upon which splicing of pre-mRNA occurs. Splicing, or the removal of introns, is a major aspect of post-transcriptional modification, and takes place only in the nucleus of eukaryotes.
Park National Bank (FBOP)
Another, entirely separate Park National Bank is a Chicago-based bank owned by FBOP Corporation, with branches in Chicago and several nearby suburbs. The Chicago bank failed on October 30, 2009, and was taken over by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, with the bank's assets later being sold to US Bank.

FBOP Corporation
FBOP Corporation was a financial services company based in Oak Park, Illinois, United States.  As of mid-2009, it had $18.5 billion in assets and was the 46th largest bank holding company in the United States. On October 30, 2009, FBOP's banking subsidiaries were closed by their chartering agencies and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation was appointed as their receiver.  The company had over 4064 employees.

The holding company began as First Bank of Oak Park.  FBOP started acquiring other banks in 1990.  In 2006, First Bank of Oak Park merged with four other co-owned banks in Illinois to create Park National Bank.  FBOP operated banks in Illinois, California, Texas, and Arizona, prior to their closure.

U.S. Bancorp acquired all nine of FBOP's nine banks on the day of closure, but later sold the three Texas-based banks to Prosperity Bancshares.
12 Scorpii
12 Scorpii is a probable triple star system in the zodiac constellation of Scorpius, located about 300 light years away from the Sun. It has the Bayer designation c1 Scorpii; 12 Scorpii is the Flamsteed designation. This system is faintly visible to the naked eye with a combined apparent visual magnitude of 5.67. It is a probable (82% chance) member of the Sco OB2 moving group.

The magnitude 5.79 primary component is a B-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of B9V. This star is 150 million years old with three times the mass of the Sun. It is radiating 91 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 11,402 K. At an angular separation of 0.20″ is a K7.9 type secondary companion, a possible X-ray source. The third component is an F-type main-sequence star of class F3V and magnitude 8.13, located at a separation of 3.84″.

F-type main-sequence star
An F-type main-sequence star is a main-sequence, core-hydrogen-fusing star of spectral type F. The spectral luminosity class is V. They have from around 1.1 to 1.6 times the mass of the Sun and surface temperatures between about 6,000 and 7,200 K. This temperature range gives the F-type stars a whitish hue when observed through the atmosphere. Notable examples include Procyon A, Gamma Virginis A and B, and Tabby's Star.
2024–25 Swiss Cup
The 2024–25 Swiss Cup, or Schweizer Pokal, was the 100th anniversary of Switzerland's annual football cup competition. It featured 64 teams from the first to the eight tier of the Swiss football league. The first round was be played from 16 to 18 August 2024. The final took place on 1 June 2025 and was won by FC Basel.

Servette are the reigning Cup champion. By winning, FC Basel qualifies for the play-off round of the 2025–26 UEFA Europa League.

2023–24 Swiss Cup
The 2023–24 Swiss Cup, or Schweizer Pokal, was the 99th season of Switzerland's annual football cup competition. It featured 64 teams from the first to the eight tier of the Swiss football league. The first round was played from 18 to 20 August 2023. The final took place on 2 June 2024.

Young Boys were the reigning Cup champion. The winner qualified for the third qualifying round of the 2024–25 UEFA Europa League.
2009–10 All-Ireland Intermediate Club Hurling Championship
The 2009–10 All-Ireland Intermediate Club Hurling Championship was the sixth staging of the All-Ireland Intermediate Club Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 2004. The championship ran from 4 October 2009 to 13 February 2010.

The All-Ireland final was played on 13 February 2010 at Croke Park in Dublin, between St. Lachtain's from Kilkenny and St. Gall's from Antrim. St. Lachtain's won the match by 3-17 to 0-10 to claim their first ever All-Ireland title.

All-Ireland Intermediate Club Hurling Championship
The GAA Hurling All-Ireland Intermediate Club Championship (also known as the All-Ireland Intermediate Club Hurling Championship) is an annual Irish hurling competition organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA). It is the intermediate-grade All-Ireland championship for clubs, and has been contested every year since the 2004–05 championship.

The All-Ireland series is contested by the four provincial champions from the Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster intermediate club championships. The competition is played on a straight knockout basis.

The most successful county is Kilkenny, with eight titles, while no club has won the championship more than once.