hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Neale (academic)
John Neale was an Oxford college head in the 16th-century.

Neale became a Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford in 1556. He was  Rector of Exeter College, Oxford, from 1560 until his deprivation in 1566. He was elected a Fellow of St John's College, Oxford in 1570.

Exeter College, Oxford
Exeter College (in full: The rector and Scholars of Exeter College in the University of Oxford) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England, and the fourth-oldest college of the university.

The college was founded in 1314 by two brothers from Devon, Bishop Walter Stapledon and Sir Richard Stapledon, as an institution to educate clergy, and has been located on Turl Street since 1315. At its foundation Exeter was popular with sons of the Devon gentry, though it has since become associated with a much broader range of notable alumni, including Raymond Raikes, William Morris, J. R. R. Tolkien, Richard Burton, Roger Bannister, Alan Bennett, and Philip Pullman.
Narrow-gauge railroads in the United States
Standard gauge was favored for railway construction in the United States, although a fairly large narrow-gauge system developed in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and Utah. Isolated narrow-gauge lines were built in many areas to minimize construction costs for industrial transport or resort access, and some of these lines offered common carrier service. Outside Colorado, these isolated lines evolved into regional narrow-gauge systems in Maine, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Iowa, Hawaii, and Alaska.  There was over 10,000 miles of narrow-gauge trackage built in the United States.    By 1890, it was beginning to go out of favor, and by 1941, there were only about a dozen narrow-gauge railroads still operating.

Chama, New Mexico
Chama is a village in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 917 at the 2020 census. The village is located in the Rocky Mountains about 7 miles (11 km) south of the Colorado-New Mexico border.
17th Primetime Emmy Awards
The 17th Emmy Awards, later known as the 17th Primetime Emmy Awards, were handed out on September 12, 1965.  The ceremony was hosted by Sammy Davis Jr. and Danny Thomas.  Winners are listed in bold and series' networks are in parentheses.

The structure of the ceremony was a complete departure from previous years. Categories were streamlined so that there were only four major categories (the previous year had 20 major categories). As a result of this, only five shows won an award. NBC's Hallmark Hall of Fame was the top show of the night, winning three major awards. The new format would be scrapped for the traditional one the following year and all subsequent Primetime Emmy Awards ceremonies.

16th Primetime Emmy Awards
The 16th Emmy Awards, later known as the 16th Primetime Emmy Awards, were presented on May 25, 1964.  The ceremony was hosted by Joey Bishop and E. G. Marshall.  Winners are listed in bold and series' networks are in parentheses.

The top shows of the night were repeat winners. The Defenders won its third consecutive Drama Emmy, while The Dick Van Dyke Show won its second straight Comedy Emmy. The Dick Van Dyke Show tied the record (since broken) for most major category wins, with five.
Demographics of Utah
Utah is the 30th most populous state in the United States with a population of about 3.3 million, according to projections from the US Census Bureau's 2017 estimates. The state has also been characterized by a tremendous amount of growth in the last decade, with the highest percent increase in population of any state since 2010. Utah has a surface area of 84,899 square miles, though around 80% of its population is concentrated around a metropolitan area in the north-central part of the state known as the Wasatch Front.

English Americans
English Americans (also known as Anglo-Americans) are Americans whose ancestry originates wholly or partly in England. According to the 2020 United States census, English Americans are the largest ethnic demographic in the United States with 46.6 million Americans self-identifying as having some English origins (many combined with another heritage) representing (19.8%) of the White American population. This includes 25,536,410 (12.5% of whites) identified as predominantly or "English alone".
Lyngbyastatins
Lyngbyastatins 1 and 3 are cytotoxic cyclic depsipeptides that possess antiproliferative activity against human cancer cell lines. These compounds, first isolated from the extract of a Lyngbya majuscula/Schizothrix calcicola assemblage and from L. majuscula Harvey ex Gomont (Oscillatoriaceae) strains, respectively, target the actin cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells.

Depsipeptide
A depsipeptide is a peptide in which one or more of its amide, -C(O)NHR-, groups are replaced by the corresponding ester, -C(O)OR-. Many depsipeptides have both peptide and ester linkages. Elimination of the N–H group in a peptide structure results in a decrease of H-bonding capability, which is responsible for secondary structure and folding patterns of peptides, thus inducing structural deformation of the helix and β-sheet structures. Because of decreased resonance delocalization in esters relative to amides, depsipeptides have lower rotational barriers for cis-trans isomerization and therefore they have more flexible structures than their native analogs. They are mainly found in marine and microbial natural products.
2018–19 Ethiopian Premier League
The 2018–19 Ethiopian Premier League was the 73rd season of top-tier football in Ethiopia (21st season as the Premier League). The season started on 27 October 2018. Mekelle were crowned Ethiopian football champions for the first time in their history after beating Dire Dawa in front of 60,000 spectators. Mekelle drew an average home attendance of 18,212, the highest in the Ethiopian Premier League during that league season.

Ethiopian Premier League
The Ethiopian Premier League (Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ፕሪምየር ሊግ), known as the CBE Ethiopian Premier League for sponsorship reasons, is the top tier association football league of Ethiopia run by the Ethiopian Premier League Share Company (formerly the Ethiopian Football Federation from 1997 to 2020). Established in 1997 (1990 E.C.), it replaced the former first division (est. 1944). Contested by sixteen clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the other secondary and tertiary leagues in Ethiopia. The league has been an annual competition since the 1997–98 season with Saint George emerging as the country's leading club in this era with 15 titles (30 first division titles overall).
A. P. Udhayabhanu
A. P. Udayabhanu (1 October 1915 – 15 December 1999) was an Indian freedom fighter, politician, journalist, writer, and social activist from the state of Kerala.

Udayabhanu was a leader of the Indian National Congress and served as the president of the Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee (known at the time as the Thiru-Kochi Pradesh Congress). He was first elected to the Travancore Legislative Assembly in 1944. As a journalist, Udayabhanu worked as the chief editor of many newspapers, including Mathrubhumi. His articles and columns appeared in many Malayalam periodicals and newspapers on a regular basis, primarily commenting on social issues.

Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award
Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award is given each year, since 1958, by the Kerala Sahitya Akademi (Kerala Literary Academy), to Malayalam writers for their outstanding books of literary merit. The awards are given in various categories. The Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship is also awarded to induct Malayalam writers as distinguished members of the Akademi.
Wei Chuan Foods Corporation
Wei Chuan Foods (Chinese: 味全食品; pinyin: Wèiquán; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bī-chôan) is a Taiwan-based manufacturer of Chinese condiments, canned goods, drinks, and frozen goods. Its more popular, widely recognized products include canned pickles, soy sauce and oyster sauces, and frozen dumplings and wontons.

Pickled cucumber
A pickled cucumber – commonly known as a pickle in the United States and Canada and a gherkin (/ˈɡɜːrkɪn/ GUR-kin) in Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand – is a usually small or miniature cucumber that has been pickled in a brine, vinegar, or other solution and left to ferment. The fermentation process is executed either by immersing the cucumbers in an acidic solution or through souring by lacto-fermentation. Pickled cucumbers are often part of mixed pickles.
2024 Central Sparks season
The 2024 season was Central Sparks' fifth season, in which they competed in the 50 over Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy and the Twenty20 Charlotte Edwards Cup. In the Charlotte Edwards Cup, the side won six of their ten group stage matches, finishing fourth and progressing to the semi-finals, where they lost to The Blaze. In the Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy, the side finished seventh in the group, winning five of their fourteen matches.

The side was captained by Evelyn Jones and initially coached by Lloyd Tennant, before he was replaced by Darren Franklin and Justine Dunce in June 2024. They played five home matches apiece at Edgbaston Cricket Ground and New Road, Worcester, and one apiece at Chester Road North Ground, Kidderminster and Scorers, Shirley.

This was Central Sparks' final season in existence, effectively being replaced by a professionalised Warwickshire team under the England and Wales Cricket Board's changes to the structure of women's domestic cricket from 2025 onwards.

Justine Fryer
Justine Anne Fryer (born 8 October 1972) is a New Zealand former cricketer who played as a slow left-arm orthodox bowler. She appeared in 3 Test matches and 7 One Day Internationals for New Zealand between 1996 and 1997. She played domestic cricket for Wellington.
Proctoporus
Proctoporus is a genus of medium-sized lizards (snout-vent length between 2.7 centimetres or 1.1 inches and 7.8 centimetres or 3.1 inches) assigned to the family Gymnophthalmidae. Species in the genus Proctoporus occur in Yungas forests and wet montane grasslands on the upper edge of the Amazonian forest, between 1,000 and 4,000 metres (3,300 and 13,100 ft) elevation, from Central Peru in the north to Central Bolivia in the south.

Johann Jakob von Tschudi
Johann Jakob von Tschudi (25 July 1818 – 8 October 1889) was a Swiss naturalist, explorer, and diplomat. He is known for his travels in South America, his scientific contributions to zoology and anthropology, and his diplomatic service for Switzerland.
Lower Danube metropolitan area
The Danube metropolitan area or Galați–Brăila metropolitan area is a proposed metropolitan area project in Romania. It would be formed from the cities of Galați and Brăila, and 15 nearby communes from Galați, Brăila and Tulcea counties. Together they have a population of 441,801 people, of whom 372,537 live in the cities of Galați and Brăila (as of 2021).

As defined by Eurostat, as of 2015 the Galați functional urban area has a population of 322,501 residents, whilst the Brăila functional urban area has a population of 217,645 residents.

Galați
Galați (UK: /ɡæˈlæts/ gal-ATS, US: /ɡɑːˈlɑːts(i)/ gah-LAHTS(-ee), Romanian: [ɡaˈlatsʲ] ⓘ; also known by other alternative names) is the capital city of Galați County in the historical region of Western Moldavia, in eastern Romania. Galați is a port town on the river Danube. and the sixth-largest of all cities on the river Danube. According to the 2021 census it is the 8th most populous city in Romania. Galați is an economic centre based around the port of Galați, the naval shipyard, and the largest steel factory in Romania, Galați steel works.
Photothermal microspectroscopy
Photothermal microspectroscopy (PTMS), alternatively known as photothermal temperature fluctuation (PTTF), is derived from two parent instrumental techniques: infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In one particular type of AFM, known as scanning thermal microscopy (SThM), the imaging probe is a sub-miniature temperature sensor, which may be a thermocouple or a resistance thermometer. This same type of detector is employed in a PTMS instrument, enabling it to provide AFM/SThM images: However, the chief additional use of PTMS is to yield infrared spectra from sample regions below a micrometer, as outlined below.

Scanning thermal microscopy
Scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that maps the local temperature and thermal conductivity of an interface. The probe in a scanning thermal microscope is sensitive to local temperatures – providing a nano-scale thermometer. Thermal measurements at the nanometer scale are of both scientific and industrial interest.  The technique was invented by Clayton C. Williams and H. Kumar Wickramasinghe in 1986.
Naticocha
Naticocha (possibly from Quechua ñat'i, nati sickness; bowels; the most hidden, qucha lake) is a 4,610-metre-high (15,125 ft) mountain in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Pasco Region, Pasco Province, Huachón District, southwest of Yanacocha.

Yanacocha (Huachón)
Yanacocha (Quechua yana black, qucha lake, "black lake") is a 5,138-metre-high (16,857 ft) mountain and a nearby lake of that name in the Huaguruncho mountain range in the Andes of Peru. The mountain and the lake are located in Huachón District, Pasco Province, Pasco Region south of another mountain, Huaguruncho.

The lake lies west of this peak at 10°33′34″S 75°55′48″W﻿ / ﻿10.55944°S 75.93000°W﻿ / -10.55944; -75.93000.
Luján Partido
Luján Partido is a partido in the northeastern part of Buenos Aires Province in Argentina.

The provincial subdivision has a population of about 94,000 inhabitants in an area of 800 km2 (309 sq mi), and its capital city is Luján, which is 67 km (42 mi) from Buenos Aires.

Partidos of Buenos Aires
A partido is the second-level administrative subdivision used only in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. They are formally considered to be a single administrative unit, usually contain one or more population centers (i.e., towns and cities), and are divided into localidades. The subdivision in partidos in Buenos Aires Province is distinct from all other provinces of Argentina, which call their second-level subdivisions departamento and are further subdivided into distinct municipalities.
Hedebo Greenway
The Hedebo Greenway (Danish: Hedebostien) is an under-construction footpath and cycleway which will run from Roskilde Fjord at Roskilde to the Bay of Køge in the western and southern part of metropolitan Copenhagen, Denmark. The total length is 21.7 kilometres (13.5 mi).

"The Hedebo Greenway – from inlet to bay" is developed as a collaboration between Roskilde, Greve and Solrød municipalities with economic support from the Nordea Foundation. A number of fitness stations as well as interpretive boards with information on cultural and natural sites will be placed along the route.

Solrød Municipality
Solrød Municipality (Danish: Solrød Kommune) is a kommune in the Region Sjælland on the east coast of the island of Zealand in east Denmark.  The municipality covers an area of 40 km2, and has a total population of 24,732 (2025).  Its mayor is Emil Blücher, a member of the Liberal Alliance political party. The municipal seat is Solrød Strand.
Kiss Me Kate (1968 film)
Kiss Me Kate is a 1968 American TV film directed by Paul Bogart. It is an adaptation of the 1948 musical Kiss Me, Kate produced by Norman Rosemont, who had previously produced three adaptations of screen musicals.

Kiss Me, Kate
Kiss Me, Kate is a musical with music and lyrics by Cole Porter and a book by Bella and Samuel Spewack. The story involves the production of a musical version of William Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew and the conflict on and off-stage between Fred Graham, the show's director, producer, and star, and his leading lady, his ex-wife Lilli Vanessi. A secondary romance concerns Lois Lane, the actress playing Bianca, and her gambler boyfriend, Bill, who runs afoul of some gangsters. The original production starred Alfred Drake, Patricia Morison, Lisa Kirk and Harold Lang.

Kiss Me, Kate was Porter's response to Rodgers and Hammerstein's Oklahoma! and other integrated musicals; it was the first show he wrote in which the music and lyrics were firmly connected to the script. The musical premiered in 1948 and proved to be Porter's only show to run for more than 1,000 performances on  Broadway. In 1949, it won the first Tony Award for Best Musical.
George Goodman (table tennis)
George 'Eli' Goodman is a former male English international table tennis player.

He was part of the England team that competed at the 1947 World Table Tennis Championships in the Swaythling Cup (men's team event) with Ernest Bubley, Eric Filby, Benny Casofsky and Johnny Leach.

He was first capped against Wales in 1946 and represented Manchester in national competitions.

He was of Jewish descent and won a gold medal for England at the Jewish Maccabiah Games in 1950 with Benny Casofsky.

Eric Filby
Eric John Filby (31 May 1917 – 9 December 2004) was a male English international table tennis and lawn tennis player.

He won a bronze medal at the 1938 World Table Tennis Championships in the men's doubles with Hyman Lurie.

In 1950 he moved from Norfolk to Croydon.

Filby played in the 1955 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles.
Helix Universal Server
The Helix Universal Media Server was a product developed by RealNetworks and originates from the first streaming media server originally developed by Progressive Networks in 1994. It supported a variety of streaming media delivery transports including MPEG-DASH (Standards based HTTP streaming) RTMP (flash), RTSP (standard), HTTP Live Streaming (HLS), Microsoft Silverlight and HTTP Progressive Download enabling mobile phone OS (Android, Blackberry, iOS, Symbian, Windows Mobile) and PC OS media client (Flash Media Player, QuickTime, RealPlayer, Windows Media Player) delivery.

Helix Universal Media Server supported multiple streaming media codecs including H.264, MPEG-4, Flash Media, RealMedia, QuickTime, Windows Media and audio codecs including AAC/AAC+, MP4, MP3, WAV, RealAudio. It ingested encoder formats including RTP, MPEG2-TS, RTMP (Flash) and Windows Media Push/Pull MMS.

Development of the product was discontinued in 2014, and licensing ended in October 2014.

RealPlayer
RealPlayer, formerly RealAudio Player, RealOne Player and RealPlayer G2, is a cross-platform media player app, developed by RealNetworks. The media player is compatible with numerous container file formats of the multimedia realm, including MP3, MP4, QuickTime File Format, Windows Media format, and the proprietary RealAudio and RealVideo formats. RealPlayer is also available for other operating systems; Linux, Unix, Palm OS, Windows Mobile, and Symbian versions have been released.

The program is powered by an underlying open-source media engine called Helix.
Intersindical Nacional Galega
The Intersindical Nacional Galega (Galician National Inter-Union in English language) was a nationalist and anticapitalist galician union formed in March 1977 as a result of the merge of the Galician Workers Union, UTEG, UTSG, UTBG, STGAP and the SGTM. Francisco García Montes was elected Secretary General. The ING celebrated its first Congress in October 1977.

In the first union elections of 1978 the ING became the third most voted union in Galiza, with 722 elected delegates (13.5%). In September 1980 the ING merged with the Central de Traballadores Galegos, achieving then the most representative union status,  exceeding the 15% required and gaining 1,679 delegates (17.5%). In 1981 the union was refounded and renamed as the INTG.

1978 Spanish trade union representative elections
Elections of trade union representatives were held across Spain in the first months of 1978. These were the first democratic union elections in 40 years. According to the state news agency EFE, elections were held in 29,918 companies for a total of 124,579 representative posts during the first three months of 1978 (these figures did however exclude the two largest companies in the country, the railways RENFE and Telefonica). The newly elected company committees (comités de empresa) replaced the former jurados de empresa of the Franco era as the recognized employees' representatives.
Otoyol
The Otoyol (Plural: Otoyollar) is the national network of controlled-access highways in Turkey. The term Otoyol translates to motorway while the literal meaning is auto-route. The Otoyol was first opened in 1973.

As of December 2024, there are 3,796 km of otoyol in service, the network passes through 28 provinces out of 81 in Turkey.

The system previously consisted of three separate networks; the Edirne-Istanbul-Ankara corridor, the Aegean network centred on İzmir and the Southeastern network centred on Adana. With the completion of the O-5 in 2019 and the extension of the O-21 in 2020, these three networks have since been connected. The network is expected to expand to 8,325 kilometres (5,173 mi) by 2053. The minimum speed limit on the Turkish otoyols is 40 km/h (25 mph) while the maximum speed is 140 km/h (87 mph).

Otoyol 2
Otoyol 2 (English: Motorway 2), abbreviated as O-2, locally referred to as 2.Çevreyolu, TEM yolu or TEM in Turkish—which refers to Trans-European Motorway (English: The Second Beltway), is a motorway in Istanbul, Turkey that forms the outer ring road of the city connecting European and Asian parts via the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge. It starts in Mahmutbey East intersection on the European part, where the Avrupa Otoyolu (English: Europe Motorway) links, runs through the northern outskirts of the city passing over the Bosporus Strait, and terminates at the western end of the Anadolu Otoyolu (English: Anatolia Motorway), before the toll plaza is situated. Otoyol 2 is toll-free, but a two-way toll collection practice has been implemented on the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge. The O-2 motorway connects the European motorway in the west and with the Anatolian motorway in the east
Chanan Singh
Chanan Singh is an Indian-American electrical engineer and University Distinguished Professor in the department of electrical and computer engineering, Texas A&M University. He was named Irma Runyon Chair Professor and Texas A&M System Regents Professor.

IEEE Power & Energy Society
The IEEE Power & Energy Society (IEEE PES), formerly the IEEE Power Engineering Society, is the oldest society of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) focused on the scientific and engineering knowledge about electric power and energy.
NGC 414
NGC 414 is a pair of lenticular galaxies (PGC 4254 and PGC 93079) of types S0 and E/S0, respectively, located in the constellation Pisces. It was discovered on October 22, 1867 by Herman Schultz. It was described by Dreyer as "very faint, small, irregularly round, much brighter middle, II 220 to the northwest.", with II 220 being NGC 410.

Pisces (constellation)
Pisces  is a constellation of the zodiac. Its vast bulk — and main asterism viewed in most European cultures per Greco-Roman antiquity as a distant pair of fishes connected by one cord each that join at an apex — are in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its traditional astrological symbol is  (♓︎). Its name is Latin for "fishes". It is between Aquarius, of similar size, to the southwest and Aries, which is smaller, to the east. The ecliptic and the celestial equator intersect within this constellation, at the first point of Aries, and in Virgo, at the first point of Libra. The Sun passes directly overhead of the equator, on average, at approximately this point in the sky, at the March equinox.

The right ascension/declination 00 is located within the boundaries of Pisces.