hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Byron Rogers (author)
Byron Davies Rogers (5 April 1942 – 3 August 2025) was a Welsh journalist, essayist, historian and biographer. In August 2007, the University of Edinburgh awarded him the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for the best biography published in the previous year, for The Man Who Went into the West: The Life of RS Thomas. The then Archbishop of Canterbury, Rowan Williams, said of the book: "Byron Rogers's lively and affectionate biography is unexpectedly, even riotously, funny." As a freelance feature writer for newspapers it was said that Rogers wrote with "magnificent flamboyance".

James Tait Black Memorial Prize
The James Tait Black Memorial Prizes are literary prizes awarded for literature written in the English language. They, along with the Hawthornden Prize, are Britain's oldest literary awards. Based at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, United Kingdom, the prizes were founded in 1919 by Janet Coats Black in memory of her late husband, James Tait Black, a partner in the publishing house of A & C Black Ltd. Prizes are awarded in two categories: Fiction and Biography. A Drama prize was awarded from 2013-2019.
1968 Acton by-election
The 1968 Acton by-election of 28 March 1968 was held after the death of Labour Member of Parliament (MP) Bernard Floud  on 10 October 1967. The seat, previously Labour, was gained by the Conservatives in a defeat for Harold Wilson's government. It was one of the three Conservative gains from Labour on the same day, the others being at Meriden and Dudley. The by-election also marked the first electoral appearance of the National Front, who finished fourth securing 5.5% of the vote, likely drawing upon concerns regarding the recent arrival of Kenyan Asians into Britain.
A month later the British politician Enoch Powell made his Rivers of Blood speech.

Acton (UK Parliament constituency)
Acton was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, created for the 1918 general election. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first-past-the-post system of election.
Zobellia galactanivorans
Zobellia galactanivorans is a gram-negative marine bacterium isolated from the surface of red algae of the coast of France. Z. galactanivorans forms yellow colonies with a bacillus or diplobacillus morphology. Furthermore, it is mesophilic and can grow degrade carrageenans and agars - both found in the cell wall of red algae. Z. galactanivorans contains the gene porA and porB, each encoding a β-porphyranase.

Sequence homology
Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a speciation event (orthologs), or a duplication event (paralogs), or else a horizontal (or lateral) gene transfer event (xenologs).

Homology among DNA, RNA, or proteins is typically inferred from their nucleotide or amino acid sequence similarity. Significant similarity is strong evidence that two sequences are related by evolutionary changes from a common ancestral sequence. Alignments of multiple sequences are used to indicate which regions of each sequence are homologous.
Kamloops—Shuswap
Kamloops — Shuswap was a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1979 to 1988. This riding was created in 1976 from parts of Fraser Valley East, Kamloops—Cariboo and Okanagan—Kootenay ridings.

It was abolished in 1987 when it was redistributed into Kamloops and Okanagan—Shuswap ridings.

It consisted of:

the part of the Thompson-Nicola Regional District lying east of Electoral Areas E and I and north of Electoral Area M; and

the part of the Columbia-Shuswap Regional District lying west of Electoral Area B.

Fraser Valley East
Fraser Valley East was a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1968 to 1997. This riding was created in 1966 from parts of Fraser Valley, Kamloops and Okanagan Boundary ridings.

It was abolished in 1996 when it was merged into the Fraser Valley riding.

It initially consisted of:

the Fraser-Cheam Regional District; and

the part of the Central Fraser Valley Regional District lying east of Bradner Road in Matsqui District Municipality.

In 1987, it was redefined to consist of:

the Fraser-Cheam Regional District;

the part of Central Fraser Regional District lying east of a line drawn from the north boundary of the regional district south to Glenmore Road, along that road and the British Columbia Hydro & Power Railway right-of-way to the south boundary of Matsqui District Municipality, and west and south along that boundary to the southeast corner of Matsqui.
Maadi
Maadi (Egyptian Arabic: المعادى el-Maʿādi [elmæˈʕæːdi]) is a leafy and once suburban district in the Southern Area of Cairo, Egypt, on the east bank of the Nile about 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) upriver from downtown Cairo. The modern extensions north-east and east of Maadi, New Maadi and Zahraa al-Maadi are administratively part of the Basatin district.

The Nile in Maadi is paralleled by the Corniche, a waterfront promenade and the main road north into Cairo. There is no bridge across the Nile at Maadi; the nearest one is located at El Mounib along the Ring Road (Tarik El-Da'eri, English: The Round Road) on the way north to the downtown.

Maadi's population was estimated to be 85,000 according to the 2017 census. The district is popular with expatriates as well as Egyptians and is home to many embassies, as well as major international schools, sporting clubs, and cultural institutions such as the Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt and the national Egyptian Geological Museum.

Gerald Bullett
Gerald William Bullett (30 December 1893 – 3 January 1958) was a British man of letters. He was known as a novelist, essayist, short story writer, critic, poet and publisher. He wrote both supernatural fiction and some children's literature. A few of his books were published under the pseudonym Sebastian Fox.
Armorial of the governors-general of New Zealand
The following is an armorial of the individuals who have served as governor-general of New Zealand.

Almost all governors-general have been granted armorial achievements, sometimes known as coats of arms. Carved panels depicting the full achievements of former governors-general is displayed in the Tupaepae (main entrance hall) of Government House in Wellington, with the most recent addition being that of Dame Pasty Reddy.

The coats of arms of the governors-general from the Earl of Liverpool to Lord Galway were largely inherited, and so do not reflect on their lives or careers. However, those from the 1940s onwards begin to show more elements reflecting the connections between the office of governor-general and New Zealand.

Many of the armorial bearings since those of Sir Denis Blundell have been designed, in whole or in part, by Phillip O'Shea, New Zealand Herald of Arms Extraordinary.

Arthur Foljambe, 2nd Earl of Liverpool
Arthur William de Brito Savile Foljambe, 2nd Earl of Liverpool (27 May 1870 – 15 May 1941), styled Viscount Hawkesbury between 1905 and 1907, was a British Liberal politician, the 16th and last Governor of New Zealand, and the first Governor-General of New Zealand.
Lighting
Lighting or illumination is the deliberate use of light to achieve practical or aesthetic effects. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as natural illumination by capturing daylight. Daylighting (using windows, skylights, or light shelves) is sometimes used as the main source of light during daytime in buildings. This can save energy in place of using artificial lighting, which represents a major component of energy consumption in buildings. Proper lighting can enhance task performance, improve the appearance of an area, or have positive psychological effects on occupants.

Indoor lighting is usually accomplished using light fixtures, and is a key part of interior design. Lighting can also be an intrinsic component of landscape projects.

Architectural light shelf
A light shelf is a horizontal surface that reflects daylight deep into a building. Light shelves are placed above eye-level and have high-reflectance upper surfaces, which reflect daylight onto the ceiling and deeper into the space.

Light shelves are typically used in high-rise and low-rise office buildings, as well as institutional buildings. This design is generally used on the equator-facing side of the building, which is where maximum sunlight is found, and as a result is most effective. Not only do light shelves allow light to penetrate through the building, they are also designed to shade near the windows, due to the overhang of the shelf, and help reduce window glare. Exterior shelves are generally more effective shading devices than interior shelves. A combination of exterior and interior shelves will work best in providing an even illumination gradient.
2008 West Texas A&M Buffaloes football team
The 2008 West Texas A&M Buffaloes football team represented West Texas A&M University in the 2008 NCAA Division II football season as a member of the Lone Star Conference (LSC). The Buffaloes were led by fourth-year head coach Don Carthel and played their home games at Kimbrough Memorial Stadium in Canyon, Texas.

The Buffaloes finished the regular season 11–2 overall, going 8–1 in LSC play to finish second in the South Division. The Buffaloes received a bid for the NCAA Division II Playoffs, defeating no. 8 Central Washington in the first round. In the second round, the Buffaloes were defeated 68–93 by LSC foe Abilene Christian, with both teams breaking several conference offensive and scoring records. The two teams finished with a combined 1,531 yards of total offense while the 161 combined points are the most points scored in a single DII game.

Happy State Bank Stadium
Happy State Bank Stadium, formerly known as Kimbrough Memorial Stadium, is a stadium in Canyon, Texas.  It is owned by Canyon Independent School District and is primarily used for American football. It is the home stadium for Canyon High School, Randall High School, and West Plains High School of Canyon Independent School District, and is the former home of West Texas A&M University. The stadium holds 20,000 people and was built in 1959.
Mikoyan-Gurevich I-320
The Mikoyan-Gurevich I-320 (USAF/DoD designation: Type 18) was a prototype Soviet long-range all-weather interceptor aircraft of the late 1940s-early 1950s. Only two were made, with no production following.

Klimov VK-1
The Klimov VK-1 was the first Soviet jet engine to see significant production. It was developed by Vladimir Yakovlevich Klimov and first produced by the GAZ 116 works. Derived from the Rolls-Royce Nene, the engine was also built under licence in China as the Wopen WP-5.
Jugoszów
Jugoszów [juˈɡɔʂuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Obrazów, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) west of Obrazów, 15 km (9 mi) west of Sandomierz, and 69 km (43 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Obrazów
Obrazów [ɔˈbrazuf] is a village in Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Obrazów. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) west of Sandomierz and 75 km (47 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.
Baskets Oldenburg
Baskets Oldenburg, for sponsorship reasons EWE Baskets Oldenburg, is a professional basketball club that is based in the city of Oldenburg, Germany. The club plays in the Bundesliga. The club's name is derived from the team's main sponsor EWE AG, which is an electric utility company. The club's home arena is the Große EWE Arena.

BBL-Pokal
Basketball Bundesliga-Pokal, commonly known as the BBL-Pokal, is the annual national basketball cup competition in Germany. Since 2009, the competition has been conducted only between the top-ranked clubs of each Basketball Bundesliga (BBL).
2010 WPA World Eight-ball Championship
The 2010 WPA World Eight-ball Championship was an eight-ball world championship, organized by the World Pool-Billiard Association (WPA), and held 4–10 April 2010 at the Fujairah Exhibition Centre of the Al Diar Siji Hotel in Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. A total of 64 players competed in the tournament.

The event was won by Englishman Karl Boyes, who defeated Niels Feijen in the final 13–12.

Fujairah
Fujairah City (Arabic: الفجيرة) is the capital of the emirate of Fujairah in the United Arab Emirates. It is the seventh-largest city in UAE, located on the Gulf of Oman (part of the Indian Ocean). It is the only Emirati capital city on the UAE's east coast. The city of Fujairah is an industrial and commercial hub located on the west coast of the Indian Ocean that sits at the foothills of the Hajar Mountains.
Military Band of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Mongolia
The Military Band of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Mongolia (also known as the Band of the Armed Forces of Mongolia or the MAF Band) is the main military band of the Armed Forces of Mongolia. The band was formed in 1950 and began as the foremost musical group of the Mongolian People's Army. It was led for over 30 years by Colonel Navaany Tserenpil who drastically changed the band's style and structure to reflect the Russian model. Tserenpil, who wrote over 100 marches for the band, is known as the Mongolian March King. Today, the MAF Band participates in receptions dedicated to state holidays, parades, and accompanies the visits of heads of state and government to Mongolia.

Sükhbaatar Square
Sükhbaatar Square is the central square of Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia. The square was named for Mongolian revolutionary hero Damdin Sükhbaatar after his death in 1923, and features a monumental equestrian statue of him in its center.

The Government Palace is located to the north of the square, and has a large colonnade monument containing statues of Genghis Khan in the centre, with Ögedei Khan and Kublai Khan to the left and right. The central statue of Genghis Khan is flanked by Bo'orchu and Muqali.

The square's name was changed to Chinggis Square (Mongolian: Чингисийн талбай, pronounced Chinggisiin Talbai) in 2013 in honor of Genghis Khan, but the original name was restored in 2016.
John Conlan (Monaghan politician)
John Francis Conlan (21 May 1928 – 3 December 2004) was an Irish Fine Gael politician, grocer and publican. He was elected to Seanad Éireann in 1965 on the Industrial and Commercial Panel. He was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fine Gael Teachta Dála (TD) at the 1969 general election for the Monaghan constituency. He was re-elected at each subsequent general election (for Cavan–Monaghan from 1977) until he lost his seat at the  1987 general election.

Conlan was also a member of Monaghan County Council from 1955 until 1999 and was its chairman on two occasions. He was also a member of Ballybay Town Commissioners from 1950 until 1991 and served as chairman of that body for many years. In addition, he was election agent for James Dillon while Dillon was the Fine Gael TD for Monaghan in the 1950s.

Conlan's son Seán Conlan served as a TD from 2011 to 2016.

James Dillon (Fine Gael politician)
James Mathew Dillon (26 September 1902 – 10 February 1986) was an Irish Fine Gael politician who served as Leader of the Opposition and Leader of Fine Gael from 1959 to 1965 and Minister for Agriculture from 1948 to 1951 and 1954 to 1957. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1932 to 1969.
Queen Charlotte Strait
Queen Charlotte Strait is a strait between Vancouver Island and the mainland of British Columbia, Canada. It connects Queen Charlotte Sound with Johnstone Strait and Discovery Passage and via them to the Strait of Georgia and Puget Sound. It forms part of the Inside Passage from Washington to Alaska.  The term Queen Charlotte Strait is also used to refer to the general region and its many communities, notably of the Kwakwakaʼwakw peoples. Despite its name, Queen Charlotte Strait does not lie between Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands) and the mainland; that body of water is named Hecate Strait.

Discovery Passage
The Discovery Passage (French: Passage Discovery) is a strait that forms part of the Inside Passage between Vancouver Island and the Discovery Islands of British Columbia. The strait is considered the most important natural passage for vessels entering or leaving the Salish Sea from the north.
Polycyclic group
In mathematics, a polycyclic group is a solvable group that satisfies the maximal condition on subgroups (that is, every subgroup is finitely generated). Polycyclic groups are finitely presented, which makes them interesting from a computational point of view.

Group extension
In mathematics, a group extension is a general means of describing a group in terms of a particular normal subgroup and quotient group.  If  and  are two groups, then  is an extension of  by  if there is a short exact sequence

If  is an extension of  by , then  is a group,  is a normal subgroup of  and the quotient group  is isomorphic to the group .  Group extensions arise in the context of the extension problem, where the groups  and  are known and the properties of  are to be determined. Note that the phrasing " is an extension of  by " is also used by some.

Since any finite group  possesses a maximal normal subgroup  with simple factor group , all finite groups may be constructed as a series of extensions with finite simple groups. This fact was a motivation for completing the classification of finite simple groups.

An extension is called a central extension if the subgroup  lies in the center of .
Malenka
Malenka, the Vampire's Niece is a 1969  horror film that was written and directed by Spanish director Amando de Ossorio; it was his first horror film.

One of the first vampire films from Spain, it was inspired by similarly themed Italian and British vampire films that were being released during the same time period, such as Dance of the Vampires. It has been credited as being "the 1969 picture that hammered the final nail into the cinematic coffin of the bomb-shelter-era bombshell Anita Ekberg", as well as being "one of the most original gothic examples of Spanish horror".

The Fearless Vampire Killers
The Fearless Vampire Killers, or Pardon Me, But Your Teeth Are in My Neck (shortened to The Fearless Vampire Killers; originally released in the United Kingdom as Dance of the Vampires) is a 1967 gothic comedy horror film directed by Roman Polanski, written by Gérard Brach and Polanski, produced by Gene Gutowski and starring Polanski with his future wife Sharon Tate, along with Jack MacGowran and Alfie Bass, and featuring Ferdy Mayne.

In the film, a doddering vampire hunter (Jack MacGowran) and his bumbling assistant (Roman Polanski) travel to a small mountain village where they find the tell-tale traces of vampirism. The assistant becomes enchanted by the local tavern keeper's daughter, Sarah (Sharon Tate), who is promptly abducted. Determined to save the buxom maiden, they confront the undead Count in his castle. The film has been adapted into a musical, Dance of the Vampires (first adapted in German under the translated title Tanz der Vampire).
Speedbird
The Speedbird is the stylised emblem of a bird in flight designed in 1932 by Theyre Lee-Elliott as the corporate logo for Imperial Airways.  It became a design classic and was used by the airline and its successors – British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) and British Airways – for 52 years.  The term "Speedbird" is still the call sign for British Airways.

Imperial Airways
Imperial Airways was an early British commercial long-range airline, operating from 1924 to 1939 and principally serving the British Empire routes to South Africa, India, Australia and the Far East, including Malaya and Hong Kong. Passengers were typically businessmen or colonial administrators, and most flights carried about 20 passengers or fewer. Accidents were frequent: in the first six years, 32 people died in seven incidents. Imperial Airways never achieved the levels of technological innovation of its competitors and was merged into the British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) in 1939. BOAC in turn merged with the British European Airways (BEA) in 1974 to form British Airways.
Congresbury Yeo
The River Yeo (often referred to as the Congresbury Yeo, after the village of Congresbury, through which it flows, to avoid confusion with other similarly named rivers) is a river which flows through North Somerset, England.

North Somerset
North Somerset is a unitary authority in the ceremonial county of Somerset, England. The council is based in Weston-super-Mare, the area's largest town. The district also contains the towns of Clevedon, Nailsea and Portishead, along with a number of villages and surrounding rural areas. Some southern parts of the district fall within the Mendip Hills, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The district was formed in 1974 as the Woodspring district of the county of Avon. Avon was abolished in 1996, when the district was renamed North Somerset and its council took on county-level functions from the abolished county council.

The district is on the coast, facing the Bristol Channel to the west. The neighbouring districts are Bristol, Bath and North East Somerset and Somerset.
Überjam Deux
Überjam Deux is a studio album by American jazz guitarist John Scofield. The record features guitarist and co-producer Avi Bortnick, bass guitarist Andy Hess, drummers Adam Deitch and Louis Cato, and John Medeski on organ, electric piano & mellotron. The album is a follow-up to the “John Scofield Band” albums Überjam (2002) and Up All Night (2003).

Überjam
Überjam is an album by jazz guitarist John Scofield, the first credited to “The John Scofield Band”. It was released by Verve on January 29, 2002. Saxophonist Karl Denson, guitarist Avi Bortnick, keyboardist John Medeski and drummer Adam Deitch are among the players.
Ioan Emanoil Florescu
Ioan Emanoil Florescu (Romanian pronunciation: [iˈo̯aŋ emanoˈil floˈresku]; 7 August 1819, Râmnicu Vâlcea, Wallachia – 10 May 1893, Paris, France) was a Romanian army general who served as Prime Minister of Romania for a short time in a provisional government in 1876 (4 April – 26 April) and then in 1891 (2 March – 29 December). He also served as Chief of the General Staff in 1860 (30 May – 30 August) and then from 21 April 1864 to 1 May 1866.

Florescu is credited with carrying through the unification of the two armed forces of Wallachia and Moldavia following the unification of these two principalities and a thorough organization and modernization of the nascent Romanian army.

His cousin was Bonifaciu Florescu.

Prime Minister of Romania
The prime minister of Romania (Romanian: Prim-ministrul României), officially the prime minister of the Government of Romania (Romanian: Prim-ministrul Guvernului României), is the head of the Government of Romania. Initially, the office was styled President of the Council of Ministers (Romanian: Președintele Consiliului de Miniștri), when the term "Government" included more than the Cabinet, and the Cabinet was called the Council of Ministers (Romanian: Consiliul de Miniștri). The title was officially changed to Prime Minister by the 1965 Constitution of Romania during the communist regime.