hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Golay cell
The Golay cell is a type of opto-acoustic detector mainly used for infrared spectroscopy. It consists of a gas-filled enclosure with an infrared absorbing material and a flexible diaphragm or membrane. When infrared radiation is absorbed, it heats the gas, causing it to expand. The resulting increase in pressure deforms the membrane. Light reflected off the membrane is detected by a photodiode, and motion of the membrane produces a change in the signal on the photodiode. The concept was originally described in 1947 by Marcel J. E. Golay, after whom it came to be named.

The Golay cell has high sensitivity and a flat response over a very broad range of frequencies. The response time is modest, of order 10 ms. The detector performance is degraded in the presence of mechanical vibrations.

Photodiode
A photodiode is a semiconductor diode sensitive to photon radiation, such as visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and gamma rays. It produces an electrical current when it absorbs photons. This can be used for detection and measurement applications, or for the generation of electrical power in solar cells. Photodiodes are used in a wide range of applications throughout the electromagnetic spectrum from visible light photocells to gamma ray spectrometers.
Andorra national futsal team
The Andorra national futsal team is controlled by the Andorran Football Federation, the governing body for futsal in Andorra and represents the country in international futsal competitions, such as the World Cup and the European Championships.

Andorran Football Federation
The Andorran Football Federation (Catalan: Federació Andorrana de Futbol) is the governing body of football in Andorra. It was founded in 1994 and joined as a member of FIFA and UEFA in 1996. It organises the football league, Primera Divisió, the Copa Constitució and Andorran Supercup, and the Andorra national football team. It is based in Escaldes-Engordany.
The Awakening (Doctor Who)
The Awakening is the second serial of the 21st season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was originally broadcast on BBC1 on 19 and 20 January 1984.

The serial is set in the fictional English village of Little Hodcombe in 1984. In the serial, a psychic alien creature called the Malus takes control of Sir George Hutchinson (Denis Lill) to feed and awaken it with the help of deadly re-enactments of the English Civil War.

Doctor Who season 21
The twenty-first season of British science fiction television series Doctor Who began on 5 January 1984 with the Fifth Doctor (Peter Davison) serial Warriors of the Deep, and ended on 30 March 1984 with Colin Baker's first serial The Twin Dilemma. For the third time (the first being during Season 4 and second being Season 18), the entire TARDIS crew changed over the course of a single season. John Nathan-Turner produced the series, with Eric Saward script editing.
Jiuzhangli metro station
Jiuzhangli is a metro station on the Green line operated by Taichung MRT in Wuri District, Taichung, Taiwan.

The station name is taken from an old name of the area. It is currently the least used station on the Taichung MRT.

Taichung MRT
The Taichung MRT (TMRT; also called Taichung Mass Rapid Transit or Taichung Metro) is a medium-capacity rapid transit system in Taichung, Taiwan. Taichung MRT's first route, the Green line, officially began operation on 25 April 2021, making it the 5th rapid transit system operating in Taiwan.
CC (complexity)
In computational complexity theory, CC (Comparator Circuits) is the complexity class containing decision problems which can be solved by comparator circuits of polynomial size.

Comparator circuits are sorting networks in which each comparator gate is directed, each wire is initialized with an input variable, its negation, or a constant, and one of the wires is distinguished as the output wire.

The most important problem which is complete for CC is a decision variant of the stable marriage problem.

Scott Aaronson
Scott Joel Aaronson (born May 21, 1981) is an American theoretical computer scientist and   Schlumberger Centennial Chair of Computer Science at the University of Texas at Austin. His primary areas of research are computational complexity theory and quantum computing.
The Instance of the Letter in the Unconscious, or Reason Since Freud
"The Instance of the Letter in the Unconscious, or Reason Since Freud" (French: L'instance de la lettre dans l'inconscient) is an essay by the psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan, originally delivered as a talk on May 9, 1957, and later published in Lacan's 1966 book Écrits.

Lacan begins the essay by declaring it to be "situated halfway" between speech and writing. By doing so, he foreshadows both the essay's notorious opacity and its theme: the relationship between speech and language and the place of the subject in relation to both. The paper represents a key moment in 'his resolutely structuralist notion of the structure of the subject ', as well as in his gradual 'incorporation of the findings of linguistics and anthropology...in the rise of structuralism'.

Bruce Fink (psychoanalyst)
Bruce Fink is an American Lacanian psychoanalyst and a major translator of Jacques Lacan. He is the author of numerous books on Lacan and Lacanian psychoanalysis, prominent among which are Lacan to the Letter: Reading Écrits Closely, The Lacanian Subject: Between Language and Jouissance (1995), Lacan on Love: An Exploration of Lacan's Seminar VIII and A Clinical Introduction to Lacanian Psychoanalysis: Theory and Technique.
Ixtab
At the time of the Spanish conquest of Yucatán (1527–1546), Ix Tab or Ixtab ([iʃˈtaɓ]; "Rope Woman", "Hangwoman") was the indigenous Maya goddess of suicide by hanging. Playing the role of a psychopomp, she would accompany such suicides to heaven.

Psychopomp
Psychopomps (from the Greek word ψυχοπομπός, psychopompós, literally meaning the 'guide of souls') are creatures, spirits, angels, demons, or deities in many religions whose responsibility is to escort newly deceased souls from Earth to the afterlife.

Their role is not to judge the deceased, but simply to guide them. Appearing frequently on funerary art, psychopomps have been depicted at different times and in different cultures as anthropomorphic entities, horses, deer, dogs, whip-poor-wills, ravens, crows, vultures, owls, sparrows, and cuckoos. In the case of birds, these are often seen in huge masses, waiting outside the home of the dying.
J J Cahill Memorial High School
J J Cahill Memorial High School (abbreviated as JJCMHS; colloquially known as JJ) is a public co-educational secondary day school, located on Sutherland Street in Mascot, an inner southern suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The school is operated by the NSW Department of Education with students from Year 7 to Year 12. Established in 1961 as a comprehensive high school, the school was named in honour of John Joseph Cahill, the local member of parliament and the Premier of New South Wales from 1952 to his death in 1959. The school is one of four NSW state schools with "memorial" in its name, alongside Sir Henry Parkes Memorial Public School in Tenterfield, Hay War Memorial High School, and Farrer Memorial Agricultural High School in Tamworth.

Mascot, New South Wales
Mascot is an inner south suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Mascot is located 7 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district and is one of the administrative centres of the Bayside Council. A small part of Mascot is located in the Inner West Council. Mascot is on the northwest side of Botany Bay and contains Sydney Airport.
Nairn Town and County Hospital
Nairn Town and County Hospital and Primary Care Centre, also known as the Town and County Hospital, is a healthcare facility located in Nairn, Scotland. It serves a population of around 14,000 people living in the Nairn and Ardersier area and is managed by NHS Highland.

NHS Highland
NHS Highland (Scottish Gaelic: NHS na Gàidhealtachd) is one of the fourteen regions of NHS Scotland. Geographically, it is the largest Health Board, covering an area of 32,500 km2 (12,500 sq mi) from Kintyre in the south-west to Caithness in the north-east, serving a population of 320,000 people. In 2016–17 it had an operating budget of £780 million. It provides prehospital care, primary and secondary care services.
Clanfield, Oxfordshire
Clanfield is a village and civil parish about three miles (5 km) south of Carterton, Oxfordshire. The parish includes the hamlet of Little Clanfield one mile (1.6 km) west of the village, on Little Clanfield Brook which forms the parish's western boundary. The parish's eastern boundary is Black Bourton Brook and its southern boundary is Radcot Cut, an artificial watercourse on the River Thames floodplain. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 879.

Radcot Bridge
Radcot Bridge is a crossing of the River Thames, south of Radcot and north of Faringdon, in the Vale of White Horse district of Oxfordshire (formerly part of Berkshire) in England. It carries the A4095 road across the reach above Radcot Lock. In many analyses it is a series of three bridges – before the northern one is reached, mainly to the east, is the smaller island hosting the Swan Inn. On the main north bank are slight earthworks forming a large square in which further remains have been found of Matilda's Castle and some Roman artefacts.
Illinois River Bridge at Phillips Ford
The Illinois River Bridge at Phillips Ford is a historic bridge in rural northern Washington County, Arkansas. It is a double-span closed-spandrel concrete arch bridge built in 1928 by the Luten Bridge Company, and it carries County Road 848 across the Illinois River in the Ozark National Forest south of U.S. Route 412 (US 412). The bridge's arches each span 81 feet (25 m), and the total structure length is 168 feet (51 m). The bridge uses Luten's patented method of reducing material in the bridge by the addition of metal rings to the spandrel walls.

The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

U.S. Route 412 in Arkansas
U.S. Highway 412 (US 412) runs east-to-west through northern Arkansas for about 290 miles (470 km). The route begins at the Oklahoma state line near Siloam Springs, and ends at the Missouri state line east of Paragould.
Prix Stanislas Julien
The Prix Stanislas Julien is a prize for a sinological work (usually) published in the previous year. It is named after the French sinologist, Stanislas Julien, and is awarded by the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. The prize was established in 1872 and first awarded in 1875.

Sinology
Sinology, also referred to as China studies, is a subfield of area studies or East Asian studies involved in social sciences and humanities research on China. It is an academic discipline that focuses on the study of the Chinese civilization primarily through Chinese language, history, culture, literature, philosophy, art, music, cinema, and science. Its origin "may be traced to the examination which Chinese scholars made of their own civilization."

The academic field of sinology often refers to Western scholarship. Until the 20th century, it was historically seen as equivalent to philology concerning the Chinese classics and other literature written in the Chinese language. Since then, the scope of sinology has expanded to include Chinese history and palaeography, among other subjects.
Longjing tea
Longjing tea (simplified Chinese: 龙井茶; traditional Chinese: 龍井茶; pinyin: lóngjǐng chá; Cantonese Yale: lung4 jeng2 cha4; Standard Mandarin pronunciation [lʊ̌ŋ.tɕìŋ.ʈʂʰǎ]), sometimes called by its literal translated name Dragon Well tea, is a variety of pan-roasted green tea from the area of Longjing Village in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. It is considered one of China's Famous Teas.

Phenolic content in tea
The phenolic content in tea refers to the phenols and polyphenols, natural plant compounds which are found in tea.  These chemical compounds affect the flavor and mouthfeel of tea. Polyphenols in tea include catechins, theaflavins, tannins, and flavonoids.

Polyphenols found in green tea include, but are not limited to, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, and epicatechin; flavanols such as kaempferol, quercetin, and myricitin are also found in green tea.
Canoelands
Canoelands is a suburb of northern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Canoelands is 60 kilometres north of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of Hornsby Shire and The Hills Shire.

Hornsby Shire
Hornsby Shire is a local government area situated on the Upper North Shore as well as parts of the Hills District, of Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The shire stretches from the M2 Hills Motorway in the south to the Hawkesbury River town of Wisemans Ferry, some 53 kilometres (33 mi) to the north, making it the largest local government council in the Greater Sydney Metropolitan region by total area. As of the 2016 census the shire had an estimated population of 142,667.

The mayor of Hornsby Shire is Cr Warren Waddell, a member of the Liberal Party, who was elected on 14 September 2024.
Dwyer Nunataks
The Dwyer Nunataks (68°13′S 58°27′E﻿ / ﻿68.217°S 58.450°E﻿ / -68.217; 58.450) are a scattered group of low peaks and ridges about 6 nautical miles (11 km) long and 3 nautical miles (6 km) wide, lying 2 nautical miles (4 km) southeast of Mount Gjeita in the Hansen Mountains of Antarctica. They were plotted from Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions air photos and were named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia after V. Dwyer, a radio officer at Mawson Station in 1964, and a member of one of the survey parties which carried out a tellurometer traverse passing through the Hansen Mountains in 1965.

Hansen Mountains
68°16′S 58°47′E﻿ / ﻿68.267°S 58.783°E﻿ / -68.267; 58.783Hansen Mountains (Norwegian: Hansenfjella) is a large group of nunataks rising to about 300 m (980 ft) above the Antarctic plateau. The mountains are approximately 89 km (55 mi) south of Stefansson Bay and they extend 40 km (25 mi) from northwest to southeast in Kemp Land, East Antarctica. The Hansen Mountains were first mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the 1936–1937 Lars Christensen Expedition. They were named for H.E. Hansen, the Norwegian cartographer who compiled the maps for this and other Norwegian Antarctic expeditions.

Standing at 1,700 m (5,600 ft), their highest peak is Mount Gjeita, known in Australian sources as Mount Banfield. Their northernmost peak is called Fram Peak, named "Framfjellet" (the forward peak) by the personnel of the Lars Christensen Expedition.
Section 30 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Section 30 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a section that, like other provisions within the section 25 to section 31 block, provides a guide as to how Charter rights should be interpreted and applied by Canadian courts. It addresses how the Charter applies in the territories of Canada. In 1982, when it became law, these were the Northwest Territories and the Yukon Territory. The Yukon Territory is now called Yukon, and Nunavut was created from the eastern Northwest Territories to become Canada's third territory in 1999.

Section 25 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Section 25 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the first section under the heading "General" in the Charter, and like other sections within the "General" sphere, it aids in the interpretation of rights elsewhere in the Charter.  While section 25 is also the Charter section that deals most directly with Aboriginal peoples in Canada, it does not create or constitutionalize rights for them.

The Charter is a part of the larger Constitution Act, 1982.  Aboriginal rights, including treaty rights, receive more direct constitutional protection under section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982.
Nantou City
Nantou City (Mandarin Pīnyīn: Nántóu Shì; Hokkien POJ: Lâm-tâu-chhī) is a county-administered city located in the northwest of Nantou County, Taiwan. It lies between the Bagua Mountains and the Maoluo River and is the county seat of Nantou County. Freeway No. 3 serves Nantou City. Its name is a transliteration of the Hoanya word Ramtau with its first character (南; "south") chosen to complement that of Beitou's (北; "north"), a district in Taipei, even though there is no relation between the aboriginal names.

Beitou District
Beitou District is the northernmost of the twelve districts of Taipei City, Taiwan. The historical spelling of the district is Peitou. The name originates from the Ketagalan word Kipatauw, meaning witch. Beitou is the most mountainous and highest of Taipei's districts, encompassing a meadow with rivers running through the valley which have abundant steam rising from them; the result of geothermal warming.  The valley is often surrounded by mist shrouding the trees and grass. Beitou is famous for its hot springs. In March 2012, it was named one of the Top 10 Small Tourist Towns by the Tourism Bureau of Taiwan.
Freestone (masonry)
A freestone is a type of stone used in masonry for  molding, tracery and other  replication work required to be worked with the chisel. Freestone, so named because it can be freely cut in any direction, must be fine-grained, uniform and soft enough to be cut easily without shattering or splitting. Some sources, including numerous nineteenth-century dictionaries, say that the stone has no grain, but this is incorrect.  Oolitic stones are generally used, although in some countries soft sandstones are used; in some churches an indurated chalk called clunch is employed for internal lining and for  carving.

Some have believed that the word "freemason" originally referred, from the 14th century, to a person capable of carving freestone.

Masonry
Masonry is the craft of building a structure with brick, stone, or similar material, including mortar plastering, which are often laid in, bound, and pasted together by mortar. The term masonry can also refer to the building units (stone, brick, etc.) themselves.

The common materials of masonry construction are bricks and building stone; rocks such as marble, granite, and limestone; cast stone, concrete blocks, glass blocks, and adobe. Masonry is generally a highly durable form of construction. However, the materials used, the quality of the mortar and workmanship, and the pattern in which the units are assembled can substantially affect the durability of the overall masonry construction.

A person who constructs masonry is called a mason or bricklayer, or in some places colloquially a "brickie". These are both classified as construction trades.
Balasinor Assembly constituency
Balasinor is one of the 182 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Gujarat state in India. It is part of Mahisagar and Kheda district. He was cabinet transport minister in Shankersinh Vaghela’s government and cabinet education minister in Keshubhai Patel’s government. He is MLA since 1990, he got elected in 2022 as member of legislative assembly and this is his 6th term, he has massive influence all over the Mahisagar district and he is a renowned political leader of Gujarat

Kheda district
Kheda district, known as Kaira district during British rule, is one of the thirty-three districts of Gujarat state in western India. It is part of the region known as Charotar, consisting of Kheda and Anand districts. Kheda was an administrative capital during British rule. Nadiad is now the administrative headquarters of the district.
Johnny Geoghegan
John Geoghegan (/ˈɡeɪɡən/; 5 November 1913 – 5 January 1975) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for more than twenty years.

Geoghegan was elected to Dáil Éireann on his first attempt, at the 1954 general election, taking his seat in the 15th Dáil as TD for the Galway West constituency.

He was re-elected at the next five general elections. In July 1969, he was appointed by Taoiseach Jack Lynch as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Social Welfare. He served until Fianna Fáil lost office at the 1973 general election.

After his death on 5 January 1975, the by-election for his Galway West seat in the 20th Dáil was held on 4 March and won for Fianna Fáil by his daughter Máire Geoghegan-Quinn.

20th Dáil
The 20th Dáil was elected at the 1973 general election on 28 February 1973 and met on 14 March 1973. The members of Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas (legislature) of Ireland, are known as TDs. It sat with the 13th Seanad as the two Houses of the Oireachtas.

On 25 May 1977, President Patrick Hillery dissolved the Dáil on the request of Taoiseach Liam Cosgrave. The 20th Dáil lasted 4 years, 72 days.
Wetu Telu
Wetu Telu (lit. 'Three Times') is a sect of Islam practiced by a minority of the Sasak people of Lombok, Indonesia. Practitioners pray three times a day, which differs from orthodox Sunni Islam (Waktu Lima, lit. 'Five Times') in which practitioners pray five times a day. Adherents of Wetu Telu also only practice three of the Five Pillars of Islam, namely, Shahada (Declaration of Faith), Salah (Prayer), and Sawm (Fasting during Ramadan), omitting the obligations of Hajj (Pilgrimage to Mecca) and Zakat (Almsgiving). These practices can be represented by a kyaicode: jav promoted to code: jv  as a religious leader of the community. Wetu Telu also incorporates some native beliefs of ancestral worship and animism.

Kyai
A kyai (/kjaɪ/ KYEYE) is used to greet respected people, or as a term for sacred objects or heirlooms. It is generally used to refer to an expert in Islam. This denomination is usually used among the ethnic Javanese people.
Jnr Spragga
Jnr Spragga (born Nyasha Emanuel Dedza), also known as The Conquering Prince, is a Zimbabwean dancehall musician from Chitungwiza. He is recognized as one of the defining artists of the contemporary Zimdancehall scene, known for a style that fuses gritty vocal delivery with traditional dancehall rhythms and Zimbabwean urban culture.

A protégé of the late Soul Jah Love, Jnr Spragga began his career between 2010 and 2012 and spent over a decade refining his sound before achieving mainstream recognition. His breakthrough came with his runner-up finish at the 2024 National Cup Clash and the chart-topping success of his 2025 anthem "MaRulez". He is the founder and president of the Dareguru Movement, a collective and brand under which he promotes Zimbabwean dancehall culture. His music is released through Btwbc Entertainment.

As of early 2026, Jnr Spragga has approximately 74,800 monthly listeners on Spotify and 78,000 followers on Instagram.

Saintfloew
Tawanda Mambo (born 12 February 1997), known professionally as Saintfloew, is a Zimbabwean hip-hop artist and songwriter. Emerging from Chitungwiza, he gained national recognition with his 2022 hit single "Silas Mavende". Known for his introspective lyrics and fusion of hip-hop with Afro-pop elements, Saintfloew has become a prominent figure in Zimbabwe's contemporary music scene.