hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Third-party technique
Third-party technique is a marketing strategy employed by public relations (PR) firms, that involves placing a premeditated message in the "mouth of the media." Third-party technique can take many forms, ranging from the hiring of journalists to report the organization in a favorable light, to using scientists within the organization to present their perhaps prejudicial findings to the public.

Industry-sponsored groups used to relay these findings to the public are known as front groups. These groups claim to represent the general public’s agenda, when in reality they are facilitating the hidden interests of the organizations that are sponsoring them. Also related are astroturf groups, which are groups that have been formed by the industry, yet appear to have been formed by ordinary citizens.

Astroturfing
Astroturfing is the deceptive practice of hiding the sponsors of an orchestrated message or organization to make it appear as though it originates from, and is supported by, unsolicited grassroots participants.  It is a practice intended to give the statements or organizations credibility by withholding information about the source's financial backers.

The implication behind the use of the term is that instead of a "true" or "natural" grassroots effort behind the activity in question, there is a "fake" or "artificial" appearance of support. It is increasingly recognized as a problem in social media, e-commerce, and politics. Astroturfing can influence public opinion by flooding platforms like political blogs, news sites, and review websites with manipulated content. Some groups accused of astroturfing argue that they are legitimately helping citizen activists to make their voices heard.
Zawiercie County
Zawiercie County (Polish: powiat zawierciański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Zawiercie, which lies 41 kilometres (25 mi) north-east of the regional capital Katowice. The county contains five other towns: Poręba, 6 km (4 mi) west of Zawiercie, Łazy, 8 km (5 mi) south of Zawiercie, Ogrodzieniec, 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Zawiercie, Szczekociny, 33 km (21 mi) north-east of Zawiercie, and Pilica, 18 km (11 mi) east of Zawiercie.

The county covers an area of 1,003.27 square kilometres (387.4 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population was 118,020. The most populated towns are Zawiercie with 49,334 inhabitants and Poręba with 8,525 inhabitants.

Szczekociny
Szczekociny ([ʂt͡ʂɛkɔˈt͡ɕinɨ]) (Yiddish: שטעקעטשין, romanized: Shtshekotshin) is a town on the Pilica river, in Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland, with 3,612 inhabitants (2019).

Even though Szczekociny administratively belongs to the Silesian Voivodeship, it is part of the historic region of Lesser Poland. It was granted town rights in 1398.
D. Imman
Immanuel Vasanth Dinakaran (born 24 January 1983), better known as D. Imman, is an Indian music composer and singer, who predominantly works in Tamil cinema. His first film as music director was Thamizhan in 2002. Since then he has composed music for more than 100 films. He is the fifth Tamil music composer to win the National Film Award for Best Music Direction. He has also won the Filmfare Awards South and he has received 4 Filmfare Awards South nominations. He has also won 1 Tamil Nadu State Film Award, 2 Vijay Awards, 1 Edison Award, 1 Ananda Vikadan Cinema Award and 1 Zee Tamil Award. D. Imman is appointed as the Ambassador for Tamil Chair in University Of Toronto, Canada (2019).

Filmfare Awards South
The Filmfare Awards South are annual awards that honour artistic and technical excellence in the Telugu cinema, Tamil cinema, Malayalam cinema and Kannada cinema. They are presented by Filmfare magazine of The Times Group. When it was introduced in 1954, the Filmfare Awards initially only recognized achievements in the Hindi cinema. In 1964 the awards were extended to Telugu, Tamil, Bengali and Marathi languages for the films released in 1963. The awards were extended to Malayalam cinema in 1967 and Kannada cinema in 1970.

Each industry is given its own set of creative awards in annual ceremonies that have predominantly been held in Chennai and Hyderabad. Before 1976, the ceremony was held in Mumbai along with Hindi segment. From 1976, the southern region segment were separated from awards for Hindi-language films and moved to Chennai first, and later to Hyderabad in 1997. The event made its debut in Bengaluru and Kochi in 2022 and 2026 respectively.
Ridley sea turtle
Ridley sea turtles  are a genus (Lepidochelys) of sea turtle comprising two species: Kemp's ridley sea turtle and the olive ridley sea turtle.

Kemp's ridley sea turtles are currently on the New York and United States lists of endangered species.

Olive ridley sea turtle
The olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea), also known commonly as the Pacific ridley sea turtle, is a species of turtle in the family Cheloniidae. The species is the second-smallest and most abundant of all sea turtles found in the world. L. olivacea is found in warm and tropical waters, primarily in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, but also in the warm waters of the Atlantic Ocean.

This turtle and the related Kemp's ridley sea turtle are best known for their unique synchronised mass nestings called arribadas, where thousands of females come together on the same beach to lay eggs.
Midwest Military Academy
Midwest Military Academy (MMA) was an 5th through 8th grade school in Wheaton, Illinois. The school was demolished in 1988 creating the Academy Highlands subdivision.

Located among 16.5 acres (6.7 ha) at Academy Lane and Orchard Road (1800 Academy Lane previously 425 Foothill Drive), the school was established in 1931. The last owner was Jerry Williams. Upon closure of the school, the Chicago area had one remaining military school located in Aurora, Illinois, the Marmion Military Academy.

Tuition for the year was $4,800 at the time of closing. About a dozen Midwest students transferred to St. John's Military Academy near Lake Geneva.

St. John's Northwestern Military Academy
St. John's Northwestern Military Academy (SJNMA) was founded in 1884 as St. John's Military Academy (SJMA) in Delafield, Wisconsin, by the Rev. Sidney T. Smythe as a private, college preparatory school. In 1995, Northwestern Military and Naval Academy (NMNA) in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, merged with St. John's Military Academy to become St. John's Northwestern Military Academy on the Delafield campus. In 2020, a Leadership Academy was added and the combined schools became St. John's Northwestern Academies. SJNA (St. John's Northwestern Academies) is a coed independent boarding and day school for boys and girls in grades 6–12. St. John's Northwestern Summer Academy offers Little Lancers Day Camp, Summer Academy Plus, and ESL courses.
2026 ATX Open
The 2026 ATX Open is a tournament for female professional tennis players to be played on outdoor hard courts. It will be the fourth edition of the event, a WTA 250 tournament on the 2026 WTA Tour. The event will take place at The Westwood Country Club in Austin, United States, from 23 February through 1 March 2026.

2026 WTA Tour
The 2026 WTA Tour (branded as the 2026 WTA Tour Driven by Mercedes-Benz for sponsorship reasons) is the global elite women's professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2026 tennis season.The calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA 1000 tournaments, the WTA 500 tournaments, the WTA 250 tournaments, the Billie Jean King Cup (organized by the ITF), the year-end championships (the WTA Finals), the team event United Cup (combined event with ATP), and the team event Hopman Cup (organized by the ITF).
Dwm
dwm is a minimalist dynamic window manager for the X Window System developed by Suckless that has influenced the development of several other X window managers, including xmonad and awesome. It is externally similar to wmii, but internally much simpler. dwm is written purely in C for performance and lacks any configuration interface besides editing the source code. One of the project's guidelines is that the source code is intended never to exceed 2000 SLOC, and options meant to be user-configurable are all contained in a single header file.

Standard streams
In computer programming, standard streams are preconnected input and output communication channels between a computer program and its environment when it begins execution. The three input/output (I/O) connections are called standard input (stdin), standard output (stdout) and standard error (stderr). Originally I/O happened via a physically connected system console (input via keyboard, output via monitor), but standard streams abstract this. When a command is executed via an interactive shell, the streams are typically connected to the text terminal on which the shell is running, but can be changed with redirection or a pipeline. More generally, a child process inherits the standard streams of its parent process.
Curimagua
Curimagua is a genus of dwarf orb-weavers that was first described by Raymond Robert Forster & Norman I. Platnick in 1977. As of September 2019 it contains two species, found in Venezuela and Panama: C. bayano and C. chapmani.

Symphytognathidae
Symphytognathidae is a family of spiders with 90 described species in eight genera. Most species inhabit the New World tropics and Oceania.

The species Patu digua is considered to be one of the smallest spiders in the world with a body size of 0.37 millimetres (0.015 in).
1929 Brownlow Medal
The 1929 Brownlow Medal was the sixth year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Albert Collier of the Collingwood Football Club won the medal by polling six votes during the 1929 VFL season.

A new provision was introduced to suspend Brownlow Medal voting during rounds when the state team was active to avoid disadvantaging the players selected in the team. This provision was not repeated in future years.

Brownlow Medal
The Charles Brownlow Trophy, better known as the Brownlow Medal (and informally as Charlie), is awarded to the best and fairest player in the Australian Football League (AFL) during the home-and-away season, as determined by votes cast by the four officiating field umpires after each game. It is the most prestigious award for individual players in the AFL.

The medal was first awarded by the Victorian Football League (VFL). It was created and named in honour of Charles Brownlow, a former Geelong Football Club footballer (1880–1891) and club secretary (1885–1923), and VFL president (1918–19), who had died in January 1924 after an extended illness.
Lactarius kabansus
Lactarius kabansus is a member of the large milk-cap genus Lactarius in the order Russulales. Described as new to science in 1980, the species is found in Zambia. This is a popular edible mushroom in Zambia which is found in the rainy season from December through February. It is prepared by rinsing with salt to remove soil and frying. Amanita zambiana and Lactarius kabansus are two of the most popular edible mushrooms in Zambia.

The mushroom gets its scientific name from kabansa, its name in Bemba.

Lactarius
Lactarius is a genus of mushroom-producing, ectomycorrhizal fungi, containing several edible species. The species of the genus, commonly known as milk-caps, are characterized by the milky fluid ("latex") they exude when cut or damaged. Like the closely related genus Russula, their flesh has a distinctive brittle consistency. It is a large genus with over 500 known species, mainly distributed in the Northern hemisphere. Recently, the genus Lactifluus has been separated from Lactarius based on molecular phylogenetic evidence.
Big Bright Cherry
Big Bright Cherry is a 1994 EP by Magnapop released promotionally in the United States by Play It Again Sam Records on Compact Disc (catalogue number DPRO 50803) and 10" gramophone record red vinyl (SPRO 50803.) Several of these songs also appear on the studio album Hot Boxing.

Hot Boxing
Hot Boxing is the second studio album by Magnapop, released in 1994. "Lay It Down" and "Slowly, Slowly" were released as singles. Music videos were created for "Lay It Down", "Slowly, Slowly", and "Texas". Having Priority release the album was a radical departure from the label's earlier emphasis on rap.
Thakur Mool Chand Chauhan
Thakur Mool Chand Chauhan is an Indian politician and was a member of the 16th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh of India. He represented the Dhampur constituency of Uttar Pradesh and is a member of the Samajwadi Party political party.

16th Uttar Pradesh Assembly
The Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh (a.k.a. Sixteenth Vidhan Sabha of Uttar Pradesh) was constituted on 15 March 2012 as a result of 2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election held between 8 Feb to 3 March 2012. The Sixteenth Legislative Assembly has total of 404 MLAs (including one nominated Anglo-Indian member) against a total strength of 404 members.
Tsubaki Grand Shrine
Tsubaki Grand Shrine (椿大神社, Tsubaki Okamiyashiro) is a Shinto shrine in the Yamamoto neighborhood of the city of Suzuka in Mie Prefecture, Japan. It is one of the two shrines which claim the title of ichinomiya of former Ise Province. The main festival of the shrine is held annually on October 11.

Suzuka, Mie
Suzuka (鈴鹿市, Suzuka-shi) is a city in Mie Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 July 2020, the city had an estimated population of 197,977 in 87,680 households and a population density of 1000 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 194.46 square kilometres (75.08 square miles).
West Yosemite League
The West Yosemite League is a high school athletic league that is part of the CIF Central Section.  There is a seasonal selection of All League players in the scope of sports administered by the league.

Among the sports governed by the league are football, cross country, wrestling, track and field and baseball

CIF Central Section
The California Interscholastic Federation—Central Section (CIF-CS) is the governing body of high school athletics in the central and southern portions of the San Joaquin Valley, the Eastern Sierra region, and as of the 2018/9 season, San Luis Obispo County and northern Santa Barbara County on the Central Coast. It is one of ten sections that are comprised by the California Interscholastic Federation (CIF). As of the 2020–21 academic year, the Central Section consists of 18 athletic leagues.
Continental Clay Brick Plant
The Continental Clay Brick Plant in Martinsburg, West Virginia includes a number of beehive brick kilns.  Originally a coal-fired brickworks, it was later converted to natural gas. The kilns are now largely disused, except for a few used to dry sand.

Kiln
A kiln is a thermally insulated chamber, a type of oven, that produces temperatures sufficient to complete some process, such as hardening, drying, or chemical changes. Kilns have been used for millennia to turn objects made from clay into pottery, tiles and bricks. Various industries use rotary kilns for pyroprocessing (to calcinate ores, such as limestone to lime for cement) and to transform many other materials.
Hough-on-the-Hill
Hough-on-the-Hill is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. The population of the civil parish including Brandon was 399 at the 2011 census.  It is situated approximately 7 miles (11 km) due north from the market town of Grantham. The hamlets of Gelston and Brandon are part of the parish. Hough-on-the-Hill is on a significant rise, hence the name.

South Kesteven
South Kesteven is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England, forming part of the traditional Kesteven division of the county. Its council is based in Grantham. The district also includes the towns of Bourne, Market Deeping and Stamford, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

South Kesteven borders North Kesteven to the north, South Holland to the east, the City of Peterborough and North Northamptonshire to the south, Rutland to the south-west, the Melton district of Leicestershire to the west, and the Newark and Sherwood district of Nottinghamshire to the north-west.
2022–23 National League 2 West
The 2022–23 National League 2 West was the first season of the fourth-tier (west) of the English domestic rugby union competitions; one of three at this level. The others are National League 2 North and National League 2 East. Previously, there were two leagues at level four; National League 2 North and National League 2 South. The champions are promoted to National League 1. The bottom two teams are relegated to Regional 1 Midlands or Regional 1 South West depending on location.

Leicester Lions became champions, with three matches to play, following their 33 – 5 win over Loughborough Students on 25 March 2023.
Barnstaple (13th place) and Stourbridge (14th) are relegated to Regional 1 South West and Regional 1 Midlands respectively.

National League 2 West
National League 2 West is a rugby union league at level four in the English rugby union system and provides semi-professional competition for teams in the Midlands, South West England and Cornwall. The remainder of England is covered by two other regional leagues; National League 2 East and National League 2 North. The champion club is promoted to National One. The last two teams are relegated to either Regional 1 Midlands or Regional 1 South West.

Prior to the 2022–23 season, National League 2 West and National League 2 East were part of a unified division known as National League 2 South.
Aphodius
Aphodius is a genus of beetles in the family Scarabaeidae. In most species both the adults and larvae are coprophagous (dung feeding) although some species have herbivorous or saprophagous larvae. Aphodius species typically dominate dung beetle communities in north temperate ecosystems. Most species are functionally classified as endocoprids, also known as dwellers, because the larvae live and feed within the dung pat itself.

With a discovery of an earlier published version by Hellwig, the correct citation for this genus is now: Aphodius Hellwig, 1798 (p. 101; 24 January). Type species by subsequent designation by Latreille (1810): Scarabaeus fimetarius Linnaeus, 1758.

Dung beetle
Dung beetles are beetles that feed on feces. All species of dung beetle belong to the superfamily Scarabaeoidea, most of them to the subfamilies Scarabaeinae and Aphodiinae of the family Scarabaeidae (scarab beetles). As most species of Scarabaeinae feed exclusively on feces, that subfamily is often dubbed true dung beetles. There are dung-feeding beetles which belong to other families, such as the Geotrupidae (the earth-boring dung beetle). The Scarabaeinae alone comprises more than 5,000 species.

As they do not belong to a single group sharing a common ancestor, there is a diversity in the behavior of dung beetles, including the iconic dung-rolling behavior revered by Ancient Egyptians as Khepri rolling the sun across the sky.
Johan Arnold Bloys van Treslong
Vice-Admiral Johan Arnold Bloys van Treslong (8 November 1757 – 26 January 1824) was a Dutch naval officer. He started his naval career in 1772, serving as a midshipman with the Admiralty of the Maze. He served in the Dutch States Navy on the North Sea, in the West Indies and in battle with Barbary pirates in the Mediterranean.

In 1781, he fought in the action of 30 May 1781 under the command of Pieter Melvill van Carnbee, and from 1782 till 1787 he was commander of several ships in the Mediterranean. He was laid off in 1787 because of his support for the Patriots' faction. This ill-favouredness lasted until 1793. After the ringing Dutch defeat during the Battle of Camperdown in 1797 he was made a scapegoat, but his reputation was later restored.

Pieter Melvill van Carnbee (naval officer)
Vice-Admiral Pieter baron Melvill van Carnbee (2 April 1743 – 17 May 1826) was a Dutch naval officer and politician who served in the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War and French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.
Yevgraph Tyurin
Yefgraph Dmitrievich Tyurin (Russian: Евграф Дмитриевич Тюрин) was a Russian architect and art collector, famous as the builder of Elokhovo Cathedral in Moscow, the main cathedral of Russian Orthodox Church in 1945–2000, and Moscow State University expansion in 1830. Tyurin’s life and work, especially in his later years, was poorly documented. His life period is usually presented as 1792–1870, however, recent studies by Sophia Tyurina-Mitrokhina extend it, most likely, to 1793–1875.

This article is based on biography by Sophia Tyurina-Mitrokhina (2005 edition)

Joseph Bové
Joseph Bové, also Joseph Jean-Baptiste Charles de Beauvais or Osip Ivanovich Bove (Russian: Осип Иванович Бове; 4 November [O.S. 24 October] 1784 — 28 June [O.S. 16 June] 1834), was an Italian-Russian neoclassical architect who supervised the reconstruction of Moscow after it was destroyed by fire in 1812.
Make It Three
Make It Three is a 1938 British comedy film directed by David MacDonald and starring Hugh Wakefield, Edmund Willard and Diana Beaumont. The screenplay concerns a bank clerk who is left a very large inheritance on condition that he first serve three months in prison. It was the last film produced by Julius Hagen who had owned Twickenham Studios. The film was a quota quickie, made for release by MGM.

Cinematograph Films Act 1927
The Cinematograph Films Act 1927 (17 & 18 Geo. 5. c. 29) was an act of the UK Parliament designed to stimulate the declining British film industry. It received royal assent on 22 December 1927 and came into force on 1 April 1928.
Sediminibacillus
Sediminibacillus  is a genus of bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae. Sediminibacillus species are halophilic bacteria and found in salty human stools and marine sponges. Sediminibacillus species are identified from Plakortis dariae sponge of the Saint Martin's island of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh.

Bacillaceae
Bacillaceae, from Latin "bacillus", meaning "little staff, wand", are a family of gram-positive, heterotrophic, rod-shaped bacteria that may produce endospores. Motile members of this family are characterized by peritrichous flagella. Some Bacillaceae are aerobic, while others are facultative or strict anaerobes. Most are not pathogenic, but certain Bacillus species are known to cause disease in humans.
2015 Priya Pillai offloading
The Priya Pillai offloading of January 2015 was an incident in India where an environmental activist was offloaded from a flight in order to prevent her from testifying internationally on the activity of a firm registered in the UK.

Later, the Ministry of Home Affairs (India) argued that her deposition before a British parliamentary committee would have been "prejudicial to national interest"
In its judgment, the Delhi High Court observed that dissent "may not be palatable; even so, it cannot be muzzled."

The incident has been widely discussed in India as evidence suggesting a possible trend towards eroding Freedom of expression in India under the Bharatiya Janata Party government.
 International media has also been critical of the Narendra Modi Government.

Freedom of expression in India
The Constitution of India provides the right to freedom, given in article 19 with the view of guaranteeing individual rights that were considered vital by the framers of the constitution. The right to freedom in Article 19 guarantees the freedom of speech and expression, as one of its six freedoms.