hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alathankarai
Alathankarai is a small village hamlet located in Rajakkamangalam block in Kanyakumari District of Tamil Nadu, India. It comes under Rajakkamangalam  Panchayath. It is 9 km from Nagercoil District Headquarters,4 km from Rajakkamangalam and 740 km from Chennai. 
Padmanabhapuram, Nagercoil, Karungal, Unnamalaikadai are the nearby Cities to Alathankarai.

Padmanabhapuram
Padmanabhapuram (Malayalam: [pɐd̪mɐnaːbʰɐpuɾɐm]) is a town and a municipality near Thuckalay in Kanyakumari district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. As of 2011, the town had a population of 21,342. Padmanabhapuram was the capital of Travancore state in the past. In 1795, the King of Travancore, Rama Varma (known as Dharma Raja moved the capital from Padmanabhapuram to Thiruvananthapuram. At that time the boundaries of Travancore state included half the area of modem Kerala state. In 1947, after independence, Padmanabhapuram became part of Travancore-Cochin state When Indian states ware reorganized on the basis of language. In 1957, Padmanabhapuram along with other Tamil-speaking areas were ceded to Madras State, while the Malayalam-speaking areas became part of Kerala. Later the name of Madras State was changed to Tamil Nadu.
Xnet
Xnet (former eXgae) is a non-profit activist platform that develops and promotes alternative models for cultural dissemination and royalty management and work in different fields related to digital rights, networked democracy and freedom of expression. Its activities revolve around five core themes: free culture, Internet neutrality, technopolitics, network democracy, new models of sustainability for the digital era and the defence of citizen journalism and the legal fight against corruption. Xnet also engages in political lobbying at the national and international levels, by preparing and submitting legislative proposals and viral campaigns.
Until 2023, Xnet was a member of European Digital Rights (EDRi), a not-for-profit association to promote, protect and uphold civil rights in the field of information and communication technology.

Private copying levy
A private copying levy (also known as blank media tax or levy) is a government-mandated scheme in which a special tax or levy (additional to any general sales tax) is charged on purchases of recordable media. Such taxes are in place in various countries and the income is typically allocated to the developers of "content". (A distinction is sometimes made between "tax" and "levy" based on the recipient of the accumulated funds; taxes are received by a government, while levies are received by a private body, such as a copyright collective.)

Levy system may operate in principle as a system of collectivisation, partially replacing a property approach of sale of individual units.
Earth Observation Center
The Earth Observation Center is a Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) aeronautical research facility located in Hatoyama, Saitama, Japan. It utilizes remote sensing technologies such as satellites to study Earth's environment from outer space. The research done by this center has a substantial impact on the study of the Earth's environmental phenomena, such as global warming.

Advanced Land Observing Satellite
Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS), also called Daichi (a Japanese word meaning "land"), was a 3810 kg Japanese satellite launched in 2006. After five years of service, the satellite lost power and ceased communication with Earth, but remains in orbit.
Mayor of Bedford
The Mayor of Bedford is a directly elected mayor responsible for the executive function, and ceremonial duty of Bedford Borough Council in Bedfordshire. The incumbent is Tom Wootton of the Conservative Party, elected in May 2023.

Dave Hodgson
David Stuart Hodgson MBE (born 21 October 1959) is a British Liberal Democrat politician who served as the directly elected mayor of the Borough of Bedford in Bedfordshire, England, from 2009 to 2023. Hodgson was the second elected mayor to represent the Liberal Democrats in the United Kingdom.

Hodgson was elected to office in a by-election held on 15 October 2009, following the death of previous mayor, Frank Branston.

He lost his Mayoralty in the May 2023 local elections.
Elifba alphabet
The Elifba alphabet (Elifba Albanian: ئەلیفبایا ئارابۋ-شكېپ, Albanian: Elifbaja, from Ottoman Turkish: الفبا, romanized: Elifbâ) was one of the main writing system for the Albanian language during the time of the Ottoman Empire from 19th century to 1911. This Albanian variant of the Abjad Ottoman was used to write the Albanian language. The last version of the Elifbaja shqip was invented by the rilindas, Rexhep Voka (1847-1917). Although the first standardized Albanian script based on the Arabic alphabet was published in the 1800s, Sufi Albanian poets began composing poetry in Albanian using the Arabic script as early as the late 17th century.

Bejtexhi
A bejtexhi (Albanian pronunciation: [bejted͡ʒi], lit. 'couplet maker', a compound of bejte [from Turkish beyit 'couplet', from Arabic بَيْت bayt] and -xhi [from Turkish -ci, occupational suffix]; plural: bejtexhinj [bejted͡ʒiɲ]) was a popular bard of the Muslim tradition in Ottoman Albania. The genre of literature created by bejtexhinj in the 18th century prevailed in different cities of what is now Albania, Kosovo, Chameria as well as in religious centers.

The spread of the bejtexhinj was a product of two different significant factors. One factor was a demand in religious practices to write in Albanian and to free it from foreign influence. The other factor was the accretion of ideological pressure from Turkish rulers. The ruling Ottomans sought the submission of Albanians through the Muslim religion and culture. Albania rulers opened their own schools with many bejtexhinj in attendance.
John Lyall
John Angus Lyall (24 February 1940 – 18 April 2006) was an English footballer and manager primarily known for his 34 years at West Ham United. He played for the club as a youth, then as a first-team player before injury cut short his career. He then joined the coaching staff, before becoming the manager of the senior team in 1974. He stayed in that role until 1989. He subsequently went on to manage Ipswich Town from 1990 to 1994.

1980 FA Cup final
The 1980 FA Cup final was contested by West Ham United and Arsenal at Wembley. West Ham won by a single goal, scored by Trevor Brooking. To date, it is the last time a team from outside the top flight has won the FA Cup. It was West Ham's third FA Cup triumph and the last time that they had won a major trophy until their UEFA Europa Conference League victory in 2023.
Milwaukee Road class F6
The Milwaukee Road classes F6 and F6-a comprised twenty-two steam locomotives of the 4-6-4 configuration, commonly nicknamed "Hudson" but known as "Baltic" on the Milwaukee Road.

The fourteen class F6 locomotives were not delivered from their builder, the Baldwin Locomotive Works of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, until 1929–1930. In 1931, eight sister locomotives of class F6-a were delivered; these differed in few aspects but can be distinguished by the straight running boards of the F6-a, in contrast to the stepped running boards of the F6.

Milwaukee Road
The Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad (CMStP&P), better known as the Milwaukee Road (reporting mark MILW), was a Class I railroad that operated in the Midwest and Northwest of the United States from 1847 until 1986.

The company experienced financial difficulty through the 1970s and 1980s, including bankruptcy in 1977 (though it filed for bankruptcy twice in 1925 and 1935, respectively). In 1980, it abandoned its Pacific Extension, which included track in the states of Montana, Idaho, and Washington. The remaining system was merged into the Soo Line Railroad (reporting mark SOO), a subsidiary of Canadian Pacific Railway (reporting mark CP), on January 1, 1986. Much of its historical trackage remains in use by other railroads. The company brand is commemorated by buildings like the historic Milwaukee Road Depot in Minneapolis and preserved locomotives such as Milwaukee Road 261 which operates excursion trains.
Diocese of Corner Brook and Labrador
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Corner Brook and Labrador (Latin: Dioecesis Riviangulanensis-Labradorensis) (erected 9 May 1870, as the Prefecture Apostolic of Western Newfoundland) is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of St. John's, Newfoundland. The Cathedral of the diocese is located in Corner Brook.

Corner Brook
Corner Brook (2021 population: 19,316 CA 29,762) is a city located on the west coast of the island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Corner Brook is the fifth largest settlement in Newfoundland and Labrador, and the largest outside the Avalon Peninsula.

Located on the Bay of Islands at the mouth of the Humber River, the city is the second-largest population centre in the province behind St. John's, and smallest of three cities behind St. John's and Mount Pearl. As such, Corner Brook functions as a service centre for western and northern Newfoundland. It is located on the same latitude as Gaspé, Quebec, a city of similar size and landscape on the other side of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Corner Brook is the most northern city in Atlantic Canada.

It is the administrative headquarters of the Qalipu Mi'kmaq First Nations band government. The Mi'kmaq name for the nearby Humber River is "Maqtukwek."
Joey Benin
Joey Benin or Joey B (born 22 December 1967) is a Filipino bassist, singer, producer and musical arranger. He is best known as a former member of the band Side A and as songwriter for the hit song "Forevermore".

Janno Gibbs
Janno Ronaldo Ilagan Gibbs (born September 16, 1969) is a Filipino singer, songwriter, comedian and actor. He was a regular host of GMA Network television shows SOP Rules, Nuts Entertainment, Eat Bulaga!, Kakasa Ka Ba Sa Grade 5?, Power of 10, Party Pilipinas and Sunday All Stars.
Ian Markham
Ian Stephen Markham (born 1962) is an Episcopal priest and the dean and president of Virginia Theological Seminary (VTS) since August 2007. Previously, he served at Hartford Seminary in Connecticut as dean and Professor of Theology and Ethics.

Ibrahim M. Abu-Rabi'
Ibrahim M. Abu-Rabi' (إبراهيم محمد هزاع ابوربيع) was a professor in Islamic studies (Department of History and Classics) at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, and the chair of the Edmonton Council of Muslim Communities. His primary areas of academic specialization were the Middle East and International Relations. He also had a special interest in the study and practice of interfaith dialogue between the Islamic and Christian religious traditions.
Sarcophaga pernix
Sarcophaga pernix, also known as the red-tailed flesh fly, is a fly in the Sarcophagidae family. This fly often breeds in carrion and feces, making it a possible vector for disease. The larvae of this species can cause myiasis, as well as accidental myiasis. It is potentially useful in forensic entomology.

Carl Fredrik Fallén
Carl Fredrik Fallén (born 22 September 1764 in Kristinehamn – 26 August 1830) was a Swedish botanist and entomologist.

Fallén taught at the Lund University. He wrote Diptera Sueciae (1814–27).

Fallén described very many species of Diptera and Hymenoptera.

He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1810.
Kokyet
Kokyet (Meitei: ꯀꯣꯛꯌꯦꯠ), sometimes also spelled as Koyet, Koyyet, Koiyet, is a traditional Meitei men's headdress. It is made in twelve distinct designs. It is used in different Meitei cultural ceremonies, festivals, occasions, etc. It is used by both the common people as well as the royal people.
Its design is derived from the two horns of ancient Meitei deity Pakhangba, who could transfigure into many different divine forms. It is also the sacred protective symbolic representation of Sidaba of traditional Meitei religion (Sanamahism).

Headgear
Headgear, headwear, or headdress is any element of clothing which is worn on one's head, including hats, helmets, turbans and many other types. Headgear is worn for many purposes, including protection against the elements, decoration, or for religious or cultural reasons, including social conventions.
Onkar Singh Lakhawat
Onkar Singh Lakhawat (born 1 April 1949) is an Indian lawyer, politician, writer, and a senior BJP leader from Rajasthan. He is serving as the Chairman of Rajasthan Heritage Conservation and Promotion Authority. He is a former Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha (1997–2000).  He was a Minister of State in the Second Raje ministry (2014-2019). He was also the Vice-President of the BJP in Rajasthan.

Nagaur district
Nagaur district is one of the 41 districts of the state of Rajasthan in western India. Panchayati Raj was introduced here. It is the fifth largest district in Rajasthan and the area of the district is 17,718 km2 (6,841 sq mi). The city of Nagaur is the district headquarters. Nagaur district is located in central region of Rajasthan.
3174 Alcock
3174 Alcock (prov. designation: 1984 UV) is a carbonaceous Themistian asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by American astronomer Edward Bowell at Lowell's U.S. Anderson Mesa Station in Flagstaff, Arizona, on 26 October 1984. The likely C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 7.1 hours and measures approximately 19 kilometers (12 miles) in diameter. It was named after British amateur astronomer George Alcock (1912–2000).

Edward L. G. Bowell
Edward L. G. Bowell (1943 – August 21, 2023), was an American astronomer. Bowell was educated at Emanuel School London, University College, London, and the University of Paris.

He was principal investigator of the Lowell Observatory Near-Earth-Object Search (LONEOS). He has discovered a large number of asteroids, both as part of LONEOS and in his own right before LONEOS began. Among the latter are the Jovian asteroids 2357 Phereclos, 2759 Idomeneus, 2797 Teucer, 2920 Automedon, 3564 Talthybius, 4057 Demophon, and 4489 Dracius. He also co-discovered the periodic comet 140P/Bowell-Skiff and the non-periodic comet C/1980 E1.

The outer main-belt asteroid 2246 Bowell was named in his honor. The official naming citation was published on 1 January 1981 (M.P.C. 5688).

Bowell died on August 21, 2023 in Flagstaff, Arizona.
Warakar
Warakar or Wara Kar is a village in northern Jiwaka Province, Papua New Guinea, with a population of around 2,500. It is situated on the bank of the Warakar River. Most of the buildings are made from the traditional materials of kunai grass and wood with kunai roofs.

Around 50% of the population is literate. Most residents depend on agriculture, including some local officials. An electricity facility provides power to every house. A small market has been established to supply the daily needs of the people. All of the houses are supplied with clean drinking water from the Warakar River.

There is a secondary school next to the Majesty Waghi River.

Each ward area has a village councilor.

Jiwaka Province
Jiwaka is a province of Papua New Guinea. The government gazetted provincial capital is located in Kurumul. Temporarily all provincial matters are handled in Minj after the election of the new Governor in 2022 general elections. Matters concerning each district are dealt with at their respective district administration office.

The province covers an area of 4,798 km², and there are 343,987 inhabitants (2011 census final figures—2000 census 185,641). Jiwaka province officially came into being on 17 May 2012, comprising three districts previously part of Western Highlands Province. Mount Wilhelm, the tallest mountain in Papua New Guinea, is on the border of Jiwaka.
Vg1 ribozyme
The Vg1 ribozyme is a manganese dependent RNA enzyme or ribozyme which is the smallest ribozyme to be identified. It was identified in the 3′ UTR of Xenopus Vg1 mRNA transcripts and mouse beta-actin mRNA. This ribozyme was identified from in vitro studies that showed that the Vg1 mRNA was cleaved within the 3′ UTR in the absence of protein. Studying the Vg1 mRNA 3′UTR a manganese-dependent ribozyme  was predicted to exist. This ribozyme was shown to be located adjacent to the polyadenylation site and in vitro studies showed that it catalyzes a first-order reaction where its mechanism of cleavage is similar to the manganese ribozyme present in Tetrahymena group I introns.

In vivo studies showed that this ribozyme is not functional with the cell.

Group I catalytic intron
Group I introns are large self-splicing ribozymes. They catalyze their own excision from mRNA, tRNA and rRNA precursors in a wide range of organisms. The core secondary structure consists of nine paired regions (P1-P9). These fold to essentially two domains – the P4-P6 domain (the "scaffolding" domain, which is formed from the stacking of P5, P4, P6 and P6a helices) and the P3-P9 domain (the "catalytic" domain, which is formed from the P8, P3, P7 and P9 helices). The secondary structure mark-up for this family represents only this conserved core. Certain subclasses of Group I introns also contain peripheral structural domains that provide additional structural support to the intron. Group I introns often have long open reading frames inserted in loop regions.
Kola people
The Kola people, Bakola, also known as the Koya, Bakoya, are pygmies of the NE Gabon–Congo border area. They speak the Bantu Ngom language.

They are distinct from the Gyele people of coastal Cameroon, a subgroup of which also goes by the name Bakola / Bakoya.

Pygmy peoples
In anthropology, pygmy peoples are ethnic groups whose average height is unusually short. The term pygmyism is used to describe the phenotype of endemic short stature (as opposed to disproportionate dwarfism occurring in isolated cases in a population) for populations in which adult men are on average less than 150 cm (4 ft 11 in) tall.

Although the term is sometimes considered derogatory because it focuses on a physical trait, it remains the primary term associated with the African Pygmies, the hunter-gatherers of the Congo Basin (comprising the Bambenga, Bambuti and Batwa). The terms "Asiatic pygmies" and "Oceanic pygmies" have also been used to describe the Negrito populations of Southeast Asia and Australo-Melanesian peoples of short stature. The Taron people of Myanmar are an exceptional case of a pygmy population of East Asian phenotype.
Coniston Water
Coniston Water is a lake in the Lake District in North West England. It is the third largest by volume, after Windermere and Ullswater, and the fifth-largest by area. The lake has a length of 8.7 kilometres (5+3⁄8 mi), a maximum width of 730 metres (800 yd), and a maximum depth of 56.1 m (184 ft 1 in). Its outflow is the River Crake, which drains into Morecambe Bay via the estuary of the River Leven. The lake is in the unitary authority of Westmorland and Furness, the historic county of Lancashire, and the ceremonial county of Cumbria.

Ullswater
Ullswater is a glacial lake in Cumbria, England, and part of the Lake District National Park. It is the second largest lake in the region by both area and volume, after Windermere. The lake is about 7 miles (11 km) long, 0.75 miles (1 km) wide, and has a maximum depth of 63 metres (207 ft). Its outflow is River Eamont, which meets the River Eden at Brougham Castle before flowing into the Solway Firth. The lake forms part of the border between the traditional counties of Cumberland and Westmorland, and is today in the ceremonial county of Cumbria and the unitary authority area of Westmorland and Furness.
Ups 'n Downs
Ups N' Downs is a 1931 American animated comedy short film. It is the eighth film in the Looney Tunes series featuring Bosko. It was released as early as January 31, 1931. It is directed by Hugh Harman and Rudolf Ising, while the film score was written by Frank Marsales.

Bosko
Bosko is an animated cartoon character created by animators Hugh Harman and Rudolf Ising. Bosko was the first recurring character in Leon Schlesinger's cartoon series and was the star of 39 Looney Tunes shorts released by Warner Bros. He was voiced by Carman Maxwell, Bernard B. Brown, Johnny Murray, and Philip Hurlic during the 1920s and 1930s and once by Don Messick during the 1990s. The character would briefly appear in shorts released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer prior to his retirement; the rights to the character and the Looney Tunes-era films are owned by Turner Entertainment Co. through separate acquisitions; the latter have fallen into the public domain due to their copyrights not being renewed after rights disputes.
Xenon isotope geochemistry
Xenon isotope geochemistry uses the abundance of xenon (Xe) isotopes and total xenon to investigate how Xe has been generated, transported, fractionated, and distributed in planetary systems. Xe has nine stable or very long-lived isotopes. Radiogenic 129Xe and fissiogenic 131,132,134,136Xe isotopes are of special interest in geochemical research. The radiogenic and fissiogenic properties can be used in deciphering the early chronology of Earth. Elemental Xe in the atmosphere is depleted and isotopically enriched in heavier isotopes relative to estimated solar abundances. The depletion and heavy isotopic enrichment can be explained by hydrodynamic escape to space that occurred in Earth's early atmosphere. Differences in the Xe isotope distribution between the deep mantle (from Ocean Island Basalts, or OIBs), shallower Mid-ocean Ridge Basalts (MORBs), and the atmosphere can be used to deduce Earth's history of formation and differentiation of the solid Earth into layers.

Geochemistry
Geochemistry is the science that uses the tools and principles of chemistry to explain the mechanisms behind major geological systems such as the Earth's crust and its oceans.: 1  The realm of geochemistry extends beyond the Earth, encompassing the entire Solar System, and has made important contributions to the understanding of a number of processes including mantle convection, the formation of planets and the origins of granite and basalt.: 1  It is an integrated field of chemistry and geology.
James Schwarzenbach
James Eduard Schwarzenbach (5 August 1911 – 27 October 1994) was a right-wing Swiss politician and publicist. In the 1970s he was head of the short-lived Republican Movement. He also was publisher of a broad spectrum of right-wing literature as owner of the Thomas-Verlag. He served in the National Council from 12 December 1967 to 28 February 1979, representing the Canton of Zürich.

Annemarie Schwarzenbach
Annemarie Minna Renée Schwarzenbach (23 May 1908 – 15 November 1942) was a Swiss writer, journalist and photographer. Her bisexual mother brought her up in a masculine style, and her androgynous image suited the bohemian Berlin society of the time, in which she indulged enthusiastically. Her anti-fascist campaigning forced her into exile, where she became close to the family of novelist Thomas Mann. She would live much of her life abroad as a photo-journalist, embarking on many lesbian relationships, and experiencing a growing morphine addiction. In America, the young Carson McCullers was infatuated with Schwarzenbach, to whom she dedicated Reflections in a Golden Eye. Schwarzenbach reported on the early events of World War II, but died of a head injury, following a fall.
10th Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 10th Infantry Regiment is a regiment in the United States Army first formed in 1855. Formerly a standard line regiment that served the United States in the American Civil War and again in World War II and into the Cold War, the 10th Infantry Regiment is now a garrison regiment housing training cadre and trainees undergoing Basic Combat Training with the United States Army.

Siegfried Line campaign
The Siegfried Line campaign was a phase in the Western European campaign of World War II, which involved engagements near the German defensive Siegfried Line.

This campaign spanned from the end of Operation Overlord and the push across northern France, which ended on 15 September 1944, and concluded with the opening of the German Ardennes counteroffensive, better known as the Battle of the Bulge.