hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Surge control
Surge control is the use of different techniques and equipment in a hydraulic system to prevent any excessive gain in pressure (also known as a pressure surge) that would cause the hydraulic process pressure to exceed the maximum working pressure of the mechanical equipment used in the system.

Pressure
Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.: 445  Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure.

Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa), for example, is one newton per square metre (N/m2); similarly, the pound-force per square inch (psi, symbol lbf/in2) is the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and US customary systems. Pressure may also be expressed in terms of standard atmospheric pressure; the unit atmosphere (atm) is equal to this pressure, and the torr is defined as 1⁄760 of this. Manometric units such as the centimetre of water, millimetre of mercury, and inch of mercury are used to express pressures in terms of the height of column of a particular fluid in a manometer.
Al-Sha'rani
Abd al-Wahhab al-Sha'rani (1492/3–1565, AH 898–973, full name Arabic: عبد الوهاب ابن أحمد الشعرانى ʿAbd al-Wahhāb ibn Aḥmad ash-Shaʿrānī) was a highly influential Egyptian scholar. He was an eminent jurist, traditionist, historian, mystic and theologian. He was one of the Islamic revivalists and scholastic saints of the sixteenth century. He is credited for reviving Islam and is one of the most prolific writers of the early Egyptian-Ottoman period. His legal, spiritual, and theological writings are still widely read in the Muslim world today. He is regarded as "one of the last original thinkers in Islam." He was the founder of an Egyptian order of Sufism, eponymously known as Šaʿrāwiyyah. The order gradually declined after Shaʿrani's death, although it remained active until the 19th century.

Muhaddith
A muhaddith (Arabic: ْمُحَدِّث) is a scholar specialized in the study, collection, and interpretation of hadiths, which are the recorded sayings, actions, and approvals of the Prophet Muhammad. The role of a muhaddith is central to the science of hadith (ʻilm al-ḥadīth), a key field for understanding and preserving Islamic teachings and laws. Muhaddith can either disseminate the hadiths or compile them into an ahadith.
Khatyng-Yuryakh
The Khatyng-Yuryakh (Russian: Хатынг-Юрях; Yakut: Хатыҥ Үрэх) is a river in Yakutia (Sakha Republic), Russia. It is the longest tributary of the Lungkha, of the Lena basin. Its length is 315 kilometres (196 mi) and its drainage basin area 2,570 square kilometres (990 sq mi).

Lena River
The Lena is a river in the Russian Far East and is the easternmost river of the three great rivers of Siberia which flow into the Arctic Ocean, the others being Ob and Yenisey. The Lena River is 4,294 km (2,668 mi) long and has a capacious drainage basin of 2,490,000 km2 (960,000 mi2); thus the Lena is the eleventh-longest river in the world and the longest river entirely within Russia. Geographically, permafrost underlies all the Lena River's catchment and it is continuous in over 75 percent of the basin.
Telecommunications in Dominica
Telecommunications in Dominica comprises telephone, radio, television and internet services. The primary regulatory authority is the National Telecommunication Regulatory Commission which regulates all related industries to comply with The Telecommunications Act 8 of 2000.

Digicel
Digicel is a Jamaican-based Caribbean mobile phone network and home entertainment provider operating in 25 markets worldwide.

Digicel has operated in several countries, including Guyana, Fiji, Haiti, Trinidad and Tobago, Samoa, St. Lucia, Suriname, and Jamaica.  In 2024 a group of U.S. private equity firms took over control of the company as part of debt restructuring.
Sauropod hiatus
The sauropod hiatus is a geological period in the North American dinosaur fossil record for most of the Late Cretaceous noted for its lack of remains of sauropod dinosaurs. It may represent an extinction event, possibly caused by competition with ornithischian herbivores, habitat loss from the expansion of the Western Interior Seaway, or both. Alternatively, it has been argued that the hiatus represents a decrease in inland deposits that would have effectively preserved the animals, creating the illusion of an extinction. The sauropod hiatus ended shortly before the end of the Cretaceous, with the appearance of Alamosaurus, most likely an immigrant from South America, in the southwestern parts of North America.

Titanosauria
Titanosaurs (or titanosaurians; members of the group Titanosauria) were a diverse group of sauropod dinosaurs, including genera from every continent. The titanosaurs were the last surviving group of long-necked sauropods, with taxa still thriving at the time of the extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous. This group includes some of the largest land animals known to have ever existed, such as Patagotitan, estimated at 37 m (121 ft) long with a mass of 69 tonnes (76 tons), and the comparably-sized Argentinosaurus and Puertasaurus from the same region.

The group's name alludes to the mythological Titans of ancient Greek mythology, via the type genus (now considered a nomen dubium) Titanosaurus. Together with the brachiosaurids and relatives, titanosaurs make up the larger sauropod clade Titanosauriformes. Titanosaurs have long been a poorly-known group, and the relationships between titanosaur species are still not well-understood.
2011 Outback Bowl
The 2011 Outback Bowl, a college football bowl game, matched the Florida Gators of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) against the Penn State Nittany Lions of the Big Ten. The 25th edition of the Outback Bowl, it was played at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida. The game kicked off at 1 p.m. EST on January 1, 2011, and was telecast on ABC. The Florida Gators won with a final score of 37–24.

ReliaQuest Bowl
The ReliaQuest Bowl is an annual college football bowl game played in Tampa, Florida. The event was known as the Hall of Fame Bowl from 1986 to 1995 and the Outback Bowl from 1996 to 2022. It was held at Tampa Stadium from 1986 until 1999, when it moved to then-new Raymond James Stadium. The bowl has been played on New Year's Day for most of its history, often the first game to kick off on a day that is traditionally filled with post-season college football.
Battle of St. Johns Bluff
The Battle of St. John's Bluff was fought from October 1–3, 1862, between Union and Confederate forces in Duval County, Florida, during the American Civil War. The battle resulted in a significant Union victory, helping secure their control of the Jacksonville area.

Duval County, Florida
Duval County (/djuːˈvɔːl/ dew-VAWL), officially the City of Jacksonville and Duval County, is a county in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, its population was 995,567, making it the sixth-most populous county in Florida. Its county seat is Jacksonville, with which the Duval County government has been consolidated since 1968. Duval County was established in 1822 and is named for William Pope Duval, Governor of Florida Territory from 1822 to 1834. Duval County is the central county of the Jacksonville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Nikolai Vatutin
Nikolai Fyodorovich Vatutin (Russian: Николай Фёдорович Ватутин; 16 December 1901 – 15 April 1944) was a Soviet military commander during World War II who was responsible for many Red Army operations in the Ukrainian SSR as the commander of the Southwestern Front, and of the Voronezh Front during the Battle of Kursk. During the Soviet offensive to retake right-bank Ukraine, Vatutin led the 1st Ukrainian Front, which was responsible for the Red Army's offensives to the west and the southwest of Kiev and the eventual liberation of the city.

He was ambushed and killed in February 1944 by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army.

Rivne Oblast
Rivne Oblast (Ukrainian: Рівненська область, romanized: Rívnensʹka óblastʹ), also referred to as Rivnenshchyna (Ukrainian: Рівненщина, romanized: Rívnenščyna), is an oblast in northwestern Ukraine. Its administrative center is Rivne. The surface area of the region is 20,100 square kilometres (7,800 mi2). Its population is: 1,141,784 (2022 estimate).

Before its annexation by the Soviet Union during World War II, the region was part of the Second Polish Republic's Wołyń Voivodeship following the Polish–Soviet War. Previously it was part of the Volhynian Governorate.

The Rivne Nuclear Power Plant is located in the oblast, near the city of Varash.
Gmina Miastków Kościelny
Gmina Miastków Kościelny is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Garwolin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Miastków Kościelny, which lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) east of Garwolin and 68 km (42 mi) south-east of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 85.24 square kilometres (32.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,019.

Garwolin County
Garwolin County (Polish: powiat garwoliński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Garwolin, which lies 56 kilometres (35 mi) south-east of Warsaw. The county contains three other towns: Łaskarzew, 13 km (8 mi) south of Garwolin, Pilawa, 10 km (6 mi) north-west of Garwolin, and Żelechów, 22 km (14 mi) south-east of Garwolin.

The county covers an area of 1,284.29 square kilometres (495.9 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 104,917, out of which the population of Garwolin is 17,501, that of Łaskarzew is 4,840, that of Pilawa is 4,578, that of Żelechów is 3,988, and the rural population is 74,010.
Baliospermum
Baliospermum is a genus of plants under the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1825. It is native to Southeast Asia and the Himalayas.

Species

Formerly included

moved to other genera: Cheilosa Trigonostemon

Trigonostemon
Trigonostemon is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae and the sole member of its tribe (Trigonostemoneae). It was first described as a genus in 1826. It is native to Southeast Asia, southern China, the Indian subcontinent, Queensland, and a few islands in the western Pacific.

Species

formerly included

moved to other genera (Cleidion Croton Dimorphocalyx Omphalea Paracroton Wetria )
History of theatre
The history of theatre charts the development of theatre over the past 2,500 years. While performative elements are present in every society, it is customary to acknowledge a distinction between theatre as an art form and entertainment, and theatrical or performative elements in other activities. The history of theatre is primarily concerned with the origin and subsequent development of the theatre as an autonomous activity. Since classical Athens in the 5th century BC, vibrant traditions of theatre have flourished in cultures across the world.

Masque
The masque was a form of festive courtly entertainment that flourished in 16th- and early 17th-century Europe, though it was developed earlier in Italy, in forms including the intermedio (a public version of the masque was the pageant). A masque involved music, dancing, singing and acting, within an elaborate stage design, in which the architectural framing and costumes might be designed by a renowned architect, to present a deferential allegory flattering to the patron. Professional actors and musicians were hired for the speaking and singing parts. Masquers who did not speak or sing were often courtiers: the English queen Anne of Denmark frequently danced with her ladies in masques between 1603 and 1611, and Henry VIII and Charles I of England performed in the masques at their courts. In the tradition of masque, Louis XIV of France danced in ballets at Versailles with music by Jean-Baptiste Lully.
Tetradecahedron
A tetradecahedron is a polyhedron with 14 faces. There are numerous topologically distinct forms of a tetradecahedron, with many constructible entirely with regular polygon faces.

A tetradecahedron is sometimes called a tetrakaidecahedron. No difference in meaning is ascribed. The Greek word kai means 'and'. There is evidence that mammalian epidermal cells are shaped like flattened tetrakaidecahedra, an idea first suggested by Lord Kelvin. The polyhedron can also be found in soap bubbles and in sintered ceramics, due to its ability to tesselate in 3D space.

Face (geometry)
In solid geometry, a face is a flat surface (a planar region) that forms part of the boundary of a solid object. For example, a cube has six faces in this sense.

In more modern treatments of the geometry of polyhedra and higher-dimensional polytopes, a "face" is defined in such a way that it may have any dimension. The vertices, edges, and (2-dimensional) faces of a polyhedron are all faces in this more general sense.
Estate Catherineberg
Estate Catherineberg is a historic mansion on Denmark Hill in Charlotte Amalie, on Saint Thomas island, in the territory of the United States Virgin Islands.

It is owned by the Virgin Islands territorial government and previously served as a residence for the governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands. The last governor to reside there was Charles Turnbull. After several years of vacancy, the territory's government announced in 2017 that the historic building would be opened to the public as a museum.

Sugar production in the Danish West Indies
Sugar production in the Danish West Indies, now the United States Virgin Islands, was an important part of the economy of the islands for over two hundred years. Long before the islands became part of the United States in 1917, the islands, in particular the island of Saint Croix, was exploited by the Danish from the early 18th century, and by 1800 over 30,000 acres were under cultivation, earning Saint Croix a reputation as the "Garden of the West Indies". Since the closing of the last sugar factory on Saint Croix in 1966, the industry has become only a memory.
Signed French
Signed French (français signé) is any of at least three manually coded forms of French that apply the words (signs) of a national sign language to French word order or grammar.  In France, Signed French uses the signs of French Sign Language; the Belgium system uses the signs of French Belgian Sign Language, and in Canada the signs of Quebec Sign Language.  Signed French is used in education and for simultaneous translation, not as a natural form of communication among deaf people.

Manually coded language
Manually coded languages are a family of gestural communication methods which include gestural spelling as well as constructed languages which directly interpolate the grammar and syntax of oral languages in a gestural-visual form—that is, signed versions of oral languages. Unlike the sign languages that have evolved naturally in deaf communities, these manual codes are the conscious invention of deaf and hearing educators, and as such lack the distinct spatial structures present in native deaf sign languages. MCLs mostly follow the grammar of the oral language—or, more precisely, of the written form of the oral language that they interpolate. They have been mainly used in deaf education in an effort to "represent English on the hands" and by sign language interpreters in K-12 schools, although they have had some influence on deaf sign languages where their implementation was widespread.
Yue Wan Estate
Yue Wan Estate (Chinese: 漁灣邨) is a public housing estate in Chai Wan, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, near Chai Wan Park, Tsui Wan Estate and Tsui Lok Estate. Built on the reclaimed land in Chai Wan, the estate consists of 4 residential blocks, which were developed in 2 phases and built in 1977 and 1978 respectively.

Chai Wan
22°16′N 114°14′E﻿ / ﻿22.27°N 114.24°E﻿ / 22.27; 114.24

Chai Wan (/ˌtʃaɪ ˈwɑːn/; Chinese: 柴灣), formerly known as Sai Wan (西灣), lies at the east end of the urban area of Hong Kong Island next to Shau Kei Wan. The area is administratively part of the Eastern District, and is a mosaic of industrial and residential areas. The population was 186,505 in 2001.
2021 Louisville Cardinals women's soccer team
The 2021 Louisville Cardinals women's soccer team represented University of Louisville during the 2021 NCAA Division I women's soccer season.  The Cardinals were led by head coach Karen Ferguson-Dayes, in her twenty-second season.  They played home games at Lynn Stadium.  This was the team's 37th season playing organized women's college soccer and their 8th playing in the Atlantic Coast Conference.

The Cardinals finished the season 7–7–2 overall and 3–6–1 in ACC play to finish in eleventh place.  The team did not qualify for the ACC Tournament and were not invited to the NCAA Tournament.

2021 Atlantic Coast Conference women's soccer season
The 2021 Atlantic Coast Conference women's soccer season was the 33rd season of women's varsity soccer in the conference.

Florida State and North Carolina are the defending regular season champions. The Seminoles were the defending ACC tournament champions.

The regular season champions were the Virginia Cavaliers.  The Florida State Seminoles won the ACC tournament and the NCAA tournament.
1985 ECAC South men's basketball tournament
The 1985 ECAC South men's basketball tournament (now known as the Coastal Athletic Association men's basketball tournament) was held March 7–9 at William & Mary Hall in Williamsburg, Virginia.

Navy defeated Richmond in the championship game, 85–76, to win their first ECAC South men's basketball tournament. The Midshipmen, therefore, earn an automatic bid to the 1985 NCAA tournament. This was Navy's first NCAA tournament appearance since 1960.

This was the first ECAC South (CAA) Tournament for American and UNC Wilmington.

Coastal Athletic Association men's basketball tournament
The Coastal Athletic Association men's basketball tournament is the conference championship tournament in basketball for the Coastal Athletic Association (formerly known as the Colonial Athletic Association). The tournament has been held every year since at least 1980; for the 1979-80 to 1984-85 seasons the conference was known as the ECAC South. It is a single-elimination tournament and seeding is based on regular season records. The winner, declared conference champion, receives the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA basketball tournament.
Mo Kenney
Mo Kenney (born 1990) is a Canadian singer/songwriter based in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. Catching the ear of noted Canadian rocker Joel Plaskett while still in school, Kenney released their first album in 2012, which Plaskett produced. Kenney is known for their lyrical prowess and engaging stage presence. Called "Nova Scotia's rising star" by The Scene magazine, they have toured with Plaskett as well as with Ron Sexsmith. In 2013, their song "Sucker" won the prestigious SOCAN Songwriting Prize.

Ron Sexsmith
Ronald Eldon Sexsmith (born January 8, 1964) is a Canadian singer-songwriter from St. Catharines, Ontario. He was the songwriter of the year at the 2005 Juno Awards. He began releasing recordings of his own material in 1985 at age 21 and has since recorded eighteen albums. He was the subject of a 2010 documentary called Love Shines.
Killwangen-Spreitenbach railway station
Killwangen-Spreitenbach railway station (German: Bahnhof Killwangen-Spreitenbach) is a railway station in the municipality of Killwangen in the Swiss canton of Aargau. As the name suggests, the station also serves the adjacent municipality of Spreitenbach.

The station is located on the Zürich–Baden railway line, just east of  the point where the newer route via the Heitersberg Tunnel diverges from the original line via Baden. There is also a freight-only connection to the Wettingen–Effretikon railway line. The station is served by services S11 and S12 of the Zurich S-Bahn.

The station is the western terminus of the Limmattal light rail line (line 20) from Zürich Altstetten station, providing local service along the Limmat Valley. The line opened in December 2022.

Zurich Altstetten railway station
Zurich Altstetten railway station (German: Bahnhof Zürich Altstetten) is a railway station in the Altstetten quarter of the Swiss city of Zurich. The station is located on the Zürich to Olten main line and is the junction for the Zürich to Zug via Affoltern am Albis line.

The station is served by lines S5, S11, S12, S14, S19, and S42 of the Zürich S-Bahn. It is also a calling point for the hourly InterRegio services that link Basel to Zurich Airport via Zürich Hauptbahnhof, and Bern to Zürich via Olten.

The station is situated within fare zone 110 of the Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV) and well connected to the ZVV network, with bus and tram stops on both sides of the station. Since 2022 the station also serves as the eastern terminus of the Limmattal light rail line.
Nanshan station
Nanshan station (Chinese: 南山站; pinyin: Nánshān Zhàn; Jyutping: Naam4 Saan1 Zaam6; Cantonese Yale: Nàahmsāan) is an interchange station for Line 11 and Line 12 of the Shenzhen Metro.  Line 11 platforms opened on 28 June 2016 and Line 12 platforms opened on 28 November 2022. The station is located under the intersection of Nanshan Boulevard, Guimiao Road and Binhai Boulevard.

Binhai Boulevard
Binhai Boulevard (Chinese: 滨海大道) is a major expressway in Shenzhen, China. It runs from Nanshan Boulevard in Nanshan and runs along much of the length of Shenzhen Bay Park and eventually joins Binhe Road when it ends at Futian. Over 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) of the road was built on land reclaimed from Shenzhen Bay. It is the southernmost major road in Shenzhen.
Allied Land Forces Southern Europe
Allied Land Forces Southern Europe (LANDSOUTH) was a military command of NATO's Allied Forces Southern Europe (AFSOUTH) command. Based in Verona in Northern Italy LANDSOUTH was tasked with defending Italy north of the Apennine Mountains against a Warsaw Pact or Yugoslavian invasion. Activated in 1951 under an Italian Army four-star general, the command was disbanded in 2004.

Commander, Allied Land Forces Southern Europe was a NATO Principal Subordinate Commander.

Southern European Task Force, Africa
The Southern European Task Force, Africa (SETAF–AF), formally the United States Army Southern European Task Force, Africa, (SETAF-AF) is a formation of the United States Army headquartered at Caserma Del Din, Italy.
Kinsman, Cleveland
Kinsman is a neighborhood on the East Side of Cleveland, Ohio. Centered along Kinsman Road, it is bordered to the south by Union Ave, to the east by Kingsbury Blvd and Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd, to the north by the RTA Red Line tracks to the north, and East 55th St to the west. Once a largely Jewish neighborhood, it is today predominantly African American.

The East 79th Street light rail station of RTA's Blue and Green Line is located south of Holton Ave next to East 79th Street.

Neighborhoods in Cleveland
Neighborhoods in Cleveland refer to the 34 neighborhood communities of the city of Cleveland, Ohio, as defined by the Cleveland City Planning Commission. Based on historical definitions and census data, the neighborhoods serve as the basis for various urban planning initiatives on both the municipal and metropolitan levels. Technically known as Statistical Planning Areas (SPAs), they also provide a "framework for summarizing socio-economic and other statistics within the city." City neighborhood boundaries were last revised by the City Planning Commission in 2012.

Cleveland's neighborhoods are generally defined by their position on either the East Side or West Side of the Cuyahoga River. Downtown and Cuyahoga Valley are situated between the East and West Sides, while the Broadway–Slavic Village neighborhood is sometimes referred to as the South Side.