hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Koštana
Koštana (Serbian Cyrillic: Коштана) is a play written by Borisav Stanković. It was first published in Belgrade in 1902. Set in Stanković's native Vranje in southern Serbia, it features themes of Serbian folklore and patriarchal customs in the late nineteenth century.

The Serbian composer Petar Konjović wrote an opera of the same name based on the play.

Borisav Stanković
Borisav "Bora" Stanković (Serbian Cyrillic: Борисав "Бора" Станковић; 31 March 1876 – 22 October 1927) was a Serbian writer belonging to the school of realism. His novels and short stories depict the life of people from South Serbia. He belongs to an exceptional group of storytellers that appeared at the turn of the 20th century, Ivo Ćipiko, Petar Kočić, Milutin Uskoković, Svetolik Ranković, Veljko Milićević and others.
Low-volatility investing
Low-volatility investing is an investment style that buys stocks or securities with low volatility and avoids those with high volatility. This investment style exploits the low-volatility anomaly. According to financial theory risk and return should be positively related, however in practice this is not true. Low-volatility investors aim to achieve market-like returns, but with lower risk. This investment style is also referred to as minimum volatility, minimum variance, managed volatility, smart beta, defensive and conservative investing.

Smart beta
Smart beta investment portfolios are long-only rules-based investment strategies that aim to outperform a capitalization-weighted benchmark. A comprehensive analysis of smart beta strategies has found that smart beta strategies have underperformed by 1% on average since launch.

The term smart beta was originally coined by Willis Towers Watson in 2006 referring to the fundamental index.
Nuithones
The Nuithones were one of the Nerthus-worshipping Germanic tribes mentioned by Tacitus in Germania. Schütte  remarks that the name is probably corrupt and suggests that the correct forms were Teutones or Euthiones (Jutes).

(Original Latin) "Reudigni deinde et Aviones et Anglii et Varini et Eudoses et Suardones et Nuithones fluminibus aut silvis muniuntur. Nec quicquam notabile in singulis, nisi quod in commune Nerthum, id est Terram matrem, colunt eamque intervenire rebus hominum, invehi populis arbitrantur. ..."  --Tacitus, Germania, 40.

(English translation) "There follow in order the Reudignians, and Aviones, and Angles, and Varinians, and Eudoses, and Suardones and Nuithones; all defended by rivers or forests. Nor in one of these nations does aught remarkable occur, only that they universally join in the worship of Herthum (Nerthus); that is to say, the Mother Earth."--Tacitus, Germania, 40, translated 1877 by Church and Brodribb.

Warini
The Varini, Warni or Warini were one or more Germanic peoples who originally lived in what is now northeastern Germany, near the Baltic Sea.

They are first named in the Roman era, and appear to have survived into the Middle Ages. It is proposed that in Old English they were called Werns or Warns.
No. 29 Group RAF
No. 29 Group RAF is a former Royal Air Force group that was formed as No. 29 (Training) Group RAF during October 1918 within the First World War at RAF Heliopolis controlling various units until November 1918. It was reformed on 27 November 1918 at No. 12 Great Stuart Street, Princes Street, Edinburgh controlling naval units as No. 29 (Operations) Group RAF until 31 March 1922 when it was disbanded into RAF Coastal Area. It was reformed as No. 29 (Flying Training) Group within RAF Flying Training Command on 1 July 1942 at Buntingsdale Hall, Market Drayton controlling Air Gunners Schools and (Observers) Advanced Flying Units based in Northern England. It was disbanded on 7 January 1945.

MOD West Freugh
MOD West Freugh is located in Wigtownshire, 5 miles (8 km) south east of Stranraer, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, and is operated by defence contractor QinetiQ, on behalf of the Ministry of Defence.

It has always been an armaments training school, either for handling or deployment of ordnance.

The site was previously a Royal Air Force station as RAF West Freugh, as well as a Royal Aircraft Establishment as RAE West Freugh.
Kerry Armstrong
Kerry Michelle Armstrong (born 12 September 1958) is an Australian actress and author. She is one of only two actresses to win two Australian Film Institute Awards in the same year, winning Best Actress in a Leading Role for Lantana and Best Actress in a Leading Role in a Television Drama for SeaChange in 2001.

After early television roles in Australia including Prisoner (1979) and Skyways (1980), Armstrong moved to the United States in 1981, where she played Ophelia in Hamlet and Isabella in Measure for Measure at the Arena Stage in Washington, D.C., and had a role in the soap opera Dynasty (1985–1986). She returned to Australia in 1987. Her other television roles include MDA (2002–2003) and Bed of Roses (2008–2011).

I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australian TV series)
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (occasionally shortened to I'm a Celebrity) is an Australian reality television series on Network 10 which is based on the British television show of the same name. The series airs on Network 10 and is simulcast on its HD channel 10 HD. The series sees celebrities living in the jungle with few creature comforts, and competing in various challenges to earn meals and other luxuries. The celebrities compete for $100,000 to be donated to their chosen charity. The series is set in Kruger National Park, South Africa, and is hosted by Julia Morris and Robert Irwin. Until 2023,  Morris hosted with veterinarian and television presenter Chris Brown.
Hesseneck
Hesseneck (German pronunciation: [ˈhɛsn̩ˌʔɛk]) is a village and a former municipality in the Odenwaldkreis (district) in Hesse, Germany. With only just over 600 inhabitants, Hesseneck was Hesse’s smallest self-governing community. Since January 2018, it is part of the new town Oberzent.

Odenwaldkreis
The Odenwaldkreis is a Kreis (district) in the south of Hesse, Germany. Neighboring districts are Darmstadt-Dieburg, Miltenberg, Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis, Rhein-Neckar-Kreis and Kreis Bergstraße. Odenwaldkreis belongs to the Rhine Neckar Area.
2015 Cure Bowl
The 2015 Cure Bowl was a postseason American college football bowl game played on December 19, 2015, at Orlando Citrus Bowl in Orlando, Florida. The first edition of the Cure Bowl featured the San Jose State Spartans of the Mountain West Conference against the Georgia State Panthers of the Sun Belt Conference. It began at 7:00 p.m. EST and aired on CBS Sports Network.  It was one of the 2015–16 bowl games that concluded the 2015 FBS football season. Sponsored by automotive retailer AutoNation, the game was officially known as the AutoNation Cure Bowl.

Cure Bowl
The Cure Bowl is an annual American college football bowl game that has been played in December of each year since 2015 in Orlando, Florida. It is currently held at Camping World Stadium, and in the past has been held at FBC Mortgage Stadium and Exploria Stadium, now known respectively as Acrisure Bounce House and Inter&Co Stadium. The Cure Bowl is so named to promote awareness and research of breast cancer, with proceeds going to the Breast Cancer Research Foundation. The Cure Bowl usually features teams from the American Conference and the Sun Belt Conference. Since 2024, it has been sponsored by the health care employment website StaffDNA and officially known as the StaffDNA Cure Bowl; previous sponsors include AutoNation (2014–2018), FBC Mortgage (2019–2020), Tailgreeter (2021), Duluth Trading Company (2022), and Avocados from Mexico (2023).
Learning to Breathe (Larry Stewart album)
Learning to Breathe is the fourth album by the American country music singer Larry Stewart. The final solo album of his career, it was released in 1999 on Windham Hill Records. "Still in Love", the only single, failed to chart. "Summer in the City" is a cover of a single originally recorded by The Lovin' Spoonful. After the album's release, Stewart rejoined Restless Heart in 2003, and has been a member since.

Stephen Thomas Erlewine rated the album three stars out of five in Allmusic, saying that he considered it to have a more adult contemporary radio-format sound than a country sound, but referring to Stewart's voice as "smooth [and] robust."

Windham Hill Records
Windham Hill Records was an independent record label that specialized in instrumental acoustic music. It was founded by guitarist William Ackerman and Anne Robinson (née McGilvray) in 1976 and was popular in the 1980s and 1990s.

The label was purchased by BMG through a series of buyouts from 1992 through 1996. It is now a subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment, following Sony's acquisition of BMG Music in 2007. Private Music, also a subsidiary of BMG, has issued some back-catalog releases under the Windham Hill Records imprint. Since the Sony merger in 2007, Windham Hill has released no new material but reissues albums and compilations as part of Sony's Legacy Recordings brand.
Spider-Man collected editions
The Marvel Comics character Spider-Man (the mantle assumed by Peter Parker and various others) first appeared in 1962 in Amazing Fantasy #15. Creator Stan Lee said the idea came from a "desire to create a character with whom teens could identify".

The character's various appearances have been collated into thousands of trade paperback, hardcover and omnibus collections.

Essential Marvel
Essential Marvel was a line published by Marvel Comics from 1996–2013 that reprinted vintage comic book material in paperback format. Each black-and-white volume reprints approximately 20–30 issues of a classic Marvel title (mostly from the Silver Age or Bronze Age). Each Essential contains between 450 and 650 pages, printed on coarse, matte-quality paper.

DC Comics had a similar range of black-and-white reprint paperbacks, Showcase Presents (in the same way, the Marvel Masterworks line is the equivalent of DC's DC Archive Editions) that ran from 2005-2016.
Anjana (Cantabrian mythology)
The Anjana (Cantabrian: (Western) [anˈhana], (Eastern)[an.xa.nɜ]; Spanish: [anˈxana]) (from jana, a former word for witches during the Middle Ages) are one of the best-known fairies of Cantabrian mythology. These female fairy creatures foil the cruel and ruthless Ojáncanu. In most stories, they are the good fairies of Cantabria, generous and protective of all people. Their depiction in the Cantabrian mythology is reminiscent of the lamias in ancient Greek mythology, as well as the xanas in Asturias, the janas in León, and the lamias in Basque Country, the latter without the zoomorphic appearance.

Lamia (Basque mythology)
The lamia (or lamina) (plural: lamiak or laminak) is a siren or nereid-like creature in Basque mythology. Lamiak are typically portrayed as living in and around rivers. They are depicted as beautiful, long-haired women with webbed duck feet, usually found at the river shore brushing their hair with a golden comb and seducing men.

Mythology in coastal areas includes itsaslamiak, a variety of lamiak who live in the sea and have fish-like tails, similar to a mermaid.
Railway semaphore signal
Railway semaphore signals are an early form of fixed railway signals. The semaphore system involves signals that display their different indications to train drivers by changing the angle of inclination of a pivoted 'arm'. Semaphore signals were patented in the early 1840s by Joseph James Stevens, and soon became the most widely used form of mechanical signal. Designs have altered over the intervening years, and colour light signals have replaced semaphore signals in most countries, but in a few they remain in use.

Railway signal
A railway signal is a visual display device that conveys instructions or provides warning of instructions regarding the driver's authority to proceed. The driver interprets the signal's indication and acts accordingly. Typically, a signal might inform the driver of the speed at which the train may safely proceed or it may instruct the driver to stop.
Clonal selection algorithm
In artificial immune systems, clonal selection algorithms are a class of algorithms inspired by the clonal selection theory of acquired immunity that explains how B and T lymphocytes improve their response to antigens over time called affinity maturation. These algorithms focus on the Darwinian attributes of the theory where selection is inspired by the affinity of antigen-antibody interactions, reproduction is inspired by cell division, and variation is inspired by somatic hypermutation. Clonal selection algorithms are most commonly applied to optimization and pattern recognition domains, some of which resemble parallel hill climbing and the genetic algorithm without the recombination operator.

Computational immunology
In academia, computational immunology is a field of science that encompasses high-throughput genomic and bioinformatics approaches to immunology. The field's main aim is to convert immunological data into computational problems, solve these problems using mathematical and computational approaches and then convert these results into immunologically meaningful interpretations.
Bruzolo
Bruzolo (Piedmontese: Bruzeul, Arpitan: Bërsoel) (pop. 1,525 as of 1 January 2017)) is a comune of the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont. Located some 43 kilometres (27 mi) west of Turin, in the lower Susa Valley, it is a member of the Comunità Montana Bassa Valle di Susa e Val Cenischia. Bruzolo borders the municipalities of Usseglio, Condove, Chianocco, San Didero, and San Giorio di Susa.

The town of Bruzolo is the main population centre of the commune and is its capoluogo. It stands to the left of the river Dora Riparia on an alluvial fan formed over the millennia by debris deposited by the Pissaglio and other minor torrents. The municipal territory also includes farmland and factories on the flood-plain of the Dora Riparia, and extends over the forested southern slopes of Punta Lunella, elevation 2,772 metres (9,094 ft), where there is a scattering of hamlets: Campobenedetto, Meisonardi, Comba, Bigiardi, Lunera, Coletto, Chiotetti, Seinera and Combette.

San Didero
San Didero (Piedmontese: San Didé, Arpitan: Sen Didé, French: Saint-Didier) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 40 km west of Turin in the Val di Susa.
Ferrimicrobium acidiphilum
Ferrimicrobium acidiphilum is an extremely acidophilic and iron-oxidizing bacterium from the genus Ferrimicrobium which has been isolated from mine water from the Cae Coch sulfur mine in North Wales in England.

Acidophile
Acidophiles or acidophilic organisms are those that thrive under highly acidic conditions (usually at pH 5.0 or below). These organisms can be found in different branches of the tree of life, including Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
2020 Kabul University attack
On 2 November 2020, three gunmen stormed the campus of Kabul University in Kabul, under the former Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, killing 32 people and wounding 50 others. The attack began around the time that government officials were expected to arrive at the campus for the opening of an Iranian book fair. The three gunmen were later killed during an exchange of fire with the security forces. The attack occurred at around 11:00 A.M. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province (ISIL-KP) claimed responsibility.

The attack came after months of increased tensions between the Afghan government, the Taliban, and ISIL-affiliated fighters.

TOLOnews
Tolo News (Dari and Pashto: Persian: طلوع‌نیوز), stylized TOLOnews, is an Afghan news channel and website broadcasting from Kabul. Owned by the Moby Media Group, it was launched in August 2010 as Afghanistan's first twenty-four hour news channel.

TOLOnews is available on terrestrial television across Afghanistan, as well as internationally via satellite and the internet. Its news bulletins are also published online, and are available in Dari, Pashto, and English. Its main studio is in Kabul, and its sister TV channels are TOLO and Lemar.
West Cliffe
West Cliffe or Westcliffe is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of St. Margaret's At Cliffe, in the Dover district, in east Kent, England, near Dover. In 1931 the parish had a population of 88.

Dover District
Dover is a local government district in Kent, England. It is named after its largest town, the port town of Dover. The council is based in Whitfield on the outskirts of Dover. The district also covers the towns of Deal, Sandwich and Walmer as well as the surrounding rural areas.

The district borders Thanet District to the north, the City of Canterbury to the west, and Folkestone and Hythe District to the south-west. To the south and east, it faces the Strait of Dover.
Fujiwara Hok-ke
The Fujiwara Hok-ke (藤原北家; lit. Fujiwara northern house) was a cadet branch of the Fujiwara clan of Japan.

The other three were the Fujiwara Nan-ke, Fujiwara Kyō-ke and Fujiwara Shiki-ke. The Hok-ke branch issued the de facto rulers of Japan through their hereditary position as imperial regents (Sesshō and Kampaku). In the Kamakura period, it further split into the Five regent houses, who continued to monopolize the regency from the 12th century until 1868. After the Meiji Restoration, these houses were appointed Prince in the new hereditary peerage.

Fujiwara no Michinaga
Fujiwara no Michinaga (藤原 道長; Japanese pronunciation: [ɸɯ.(d)ʑi.wa.ɾa no (|) mʲi.tɕiꜜ.na.ɡa, -mʲi.tɕi.na.ɡa, -na.ŋa], 966 – 3 January 1028) was a Japanese statesman. The Fujiwara clan's control over Japan and its politics reached its zenith under his leadership.
Manmunai Bridge
Manmunai Bridge (Tamil: மண்முனைப் பாலம்) is a road bridge in Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka. It crosses the Batticaloa Lagoon and connects Western and Eastern shore of the Batticaloa lagoon.

The bridge became the first east–west land connection between Batticaloa coastal belt and mainland. It reduced previous 30 km road access from other side and gives alternative road access to and from Batticaloa town to other areas of west bank of Batticaloa and Ampara District. Earlier, transport between the west and east banks was carried out by a small ferry through Batticaloa Lagoon.

Japan International Cooperation Agency granted 1,206 million Japanese Yen to Sri Lankan government to construct the bridge along with causeway as mark of 60 years of diplomatic relations between Sri Lanka and Japan.

Japan International Cooperation Agency
The Japan International Cooperation Agency (Japanese: 独立行政法人国際協力機構, romanized: dokuritsu gyōseihōjin kokusai kyōryoku kikō), also known as JICA, is a governmental agency that delivers the bulk of Official Development Assistance (ODA) for the government of Japan. It is chartered with assisting economic and social growth in developing countries and promoting international cooperation. According to the OECD, Japan's total official development assistance (ODA) (US$17.5 billion, grant-equivalent methodology, preliminary data) increased in 2022 due to an increase in its bilateral lending, which included support to Ukraine. ODA represented 0.39% of gross national income (GNI). The OECD's Development Assistance Committee published a peer review of Japan's development cooperation in October 2020. JICA was led by Shinichi Kitaoka, the former President of the International University of Japan, from 2015 to 2022. On 1 April 2022, Professor Akihiko Tanaka assumed the presidency.
2023 Tour of the Alps
The 2023 Tour of the Alps was a road cycling stage race that took place between 17 and 21 April 2023 in the Austrian state of Tyrol and in the Italian provinces of Trentino and South Tyrol, which all make up the Tyrol–South Tyrol–Trentino Euroregion. The race was rated as a category 2.Pro event on the 2023 UCI ProSeries calendar, and is the 46th edition of the Tour of the Alps, seventh since its renaming from the Giro del Trentino.

2023 UCI ProSeries
The 2023 UCI ProSeries was the fourth season of the UCI ProSeries, the second tier road cycling tour, below the UCI World Tour, but above the various regional UCI Continental Circuits.

The calendar consisted of 57 events, of which 33 were one-day races (1.Pro), and 24 were stage races (2.Pro). There were 49 events in Europe, six in Asia, one in the United States, and one in Argentina.
2002 Copenhagen Open
The 2002 Copenhagen Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the K.B. Hallen in Copenhagen, Denmark and was part of the International Series of the 2002 ATP Tour. It was the 14th edition of the tournament and was held from 11 February until 17 February 2002. Unseeded Lars Burgsmüller won the singles title.

2002 ATP Tour
The 2002 ATP Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organised by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2002 tennis season. The ATP Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis organised by the ATP. The ATP Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the Tennis Masters Cup, the ATP Masters Series, the International Series Gold and the International Series tournaments.

This season marked the most recent occasion where eight different men appeared in the four major singles finals of a calendar year.
Memory disambiguation
Memory disambiguation is a set of techniques employed by high-performance out-of-order execution microprocessors that execute memory access instructions (loads and stores) out of program order.  The mechanisms for performing memory disambiguation, implemented using digital logic inside the microprocessor core, detect true dependencies between memory operations at execution time and allow the processor to recover when a dependence has been violated.  They also eliminate spurious memory dependencies and allow for greater instruction-level parallelism by allowing safe out-of-order execution of loads and stores.

Computer data storage
Computer data storage or digital data storage is the retention of digital data via technology consisting of computer components and recording media. Digital data storage is a core function and fundamental component of computers.: 15–16

Generally, the faster and volatile storage components are referred to as "memory", while slower persistent components are referred to as "storage". This distinction was extended in the Von Neumann architecture, where the central processing unit (CPU) consists of two main parts: The control unit and the arithmetic logic unit (ALU). The former controls the flow of data between the CPU and memory, while the latter performs arithmetic and logical operations on data. In practice, almost all computers use a memory hierarchy,: 468–473  which puts memory close to the CPU and storage further away.

In modern computers, hard disk drives (HDDs) or solid-state drives (SSDs) are usually used as storage.
No. 26 Squadron IAF
No. 26 Squadron IAF (Warriors) is the Ground Attack and Close Air Support unit of the Indian Air Force, operating from Pathankot Air Force Station under India's Western Air Command. The squadron was number plated on an unspecified date.

Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21
The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 (Russian: Микоян и Гуревич МиГ-21; NATO reporting name: Fishbed) is a supersonic jet fighter and interceptor aircraft, designed by the Mikoyan-Gurevich Design Bureau in the Soviet Union. Its nicknames include: "Balalaika", because its planform resembles the stringed musical instrument of the same name; "Ołówek", Polish for "pencil", due to the shape of its fuselage, and "Én Bạc", meaning "silver swallow", in Vietnamese.

Approximately 60 countries across four continents have flown the MiG-21, and it still serves many nations seven decades after its maiden flight. It set aviation records, becoming the most-produced supersonic jet aircraft in aviation history, the most-produced combat aircraft since the Korean War and, previously, the longest production run of any combat aircraft.