hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
R2C2
R2C2, Inc., owned by Rusty Carroll, is a company located in Carbondale, Illinois, that operates a group of at least nine sites that sold term papers.  According to his attorney, they collectively offered a total of 200,000 to 300,000 papers. The sites include: DoingMyHomework.com, FreeforEssays.com, and FreeforTermPapers.com.

Carroll and his company had been previously sued by Blue Macellari at Duke University for copyright infringement, false designation of origin, consumer fraud and deception. That suit was settled in 2006.

Carbondale, Illinois
Carbondale is a city in Jackson County, Illinois, United States, within the Southern Illinois region informally known as "Little Egypt". As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 25,083, making it the most populous city in Southern Illinois outside the Metro East region of Greater St. Louis.

Carbondale was established in 1853 and developed as a crossroads of the railroad industry. Today, the major roadways of Illinois Route 13 and U.S. Route 51 intersect in the city. The city is located 96 miles (154 km) southeast of St. Louis on the northern edge of the Shawnee National Forest. It is the home of the main campus of Southern Illinois University.
2003 Monaco Grand Prix
The 2003 Monaco Grand Prix (officially known as the Grand Prix de Monaco 2003) was a Formula One motor race that took place on 1 June 2003 at the Circuit de Monaco in Monte Carlo, Monaco. It was the seventh round of the 2003 Formula One World Championship.

Ralf Schumacher of BMW Williams took pole position for the race, but his teammate Juan Pablo Montoya won the race ahead of championship leader Kimi Räikkönen of McLaren and current World Champion Michael Schumacher of Ferrari. It was Williams's first victory in Monaco since Keke Rosberg in 1983.

There were no recorded on-track overtakes during this race, one of the very few occasions in Formula One history where this has occurred. The other three races since 1981 not to feature any on-track overtakes were the controversial 2005 United States and 2021 Belgian Grands Prix, as well as the 2009 European Grand Prix.

Formula One race weekend
A Formula One race weekend is an auto racing event which takes place over three days (usually Friday to Sunday), with a series of practice and qualifying sessions prior to the race on Sunday. Current regulations provide for two free practice sessions on Friday, a morning practice session and an afternoon qualifying session held on Saturday, and the race held on Sunday afternoon or evening, although the structure of the weekend has changed numerous times over the history of the sport. Historically, the Monaco Grand Prix held practice on Thursday rather than Friday (up to and including 2021), and the whole schedule for the Las Vegas (starting from its inaugural event in 2023), Bahrain and Saudi Arabian Grands Prix (in 2024 only) is brought forward by one day. At most Formula One race weekends, other events such as races in other Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) series, such as Formula 2 or Formula 3, are held.
2011 Canadian federal budget
The Canadian federal budget for the 2011–12 fiscal year  was presented to the House of Commons of Canada by Finance Minister Jim Flaherty on March 22, 2011, then again on June 6 following a May 2 election.

On June 13, "the budget passed by a vote of 167 to 131, with four Bloc Québécois MPs voting in support and the other opposition parties voting against it".

Canadian federal budget
In Canada, federal budgets are presented annually by the Government of Canada to identify planned government spending and expected government revenue, and to forecast economic conditions for the upcoming year. They are usually released in February or March, before the start of the fiscal year.

All the Canadian provinces also present budgets. Since provincial finances depend on funds from the federal government, they are usually released after the federal budget.
2021 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
The 2021 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 91st staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928. The championship began on 30 June 2021 and ended on 21 August 2021.

The 2021 championship was the first in over 90 years to begin before the previous year's championship had concluded. The number of participating teams also increased, with Down and Meath joining the Leinster Championship. Galway entered the championship as the defending champions in search of a fifth successive title.

The final, the first to be played at Semple Stadium in Thurles in over 30 years, was played on 21 August 2021 between Cork and Galway, in what was their first meeting in a final in four years. Cork won the match by 1-23 to 0-12 to claim their 19th championship title overall and their first title since 2001.

Cork's Jack Leahy was the championship's top scorer with 4-41.

2001 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
The 2001 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 71st staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier under-18 inter-county hurling tournament. The championship began on 21 April 2001 and ended on 9 September 2001.

Galway were the defending champions and were hoping to win a third successive championship.

On 9 September 2001, Cork won the championship following a 2-10 to 1-8 defeat of Galway in the All-Ireland final. This was their 18th All-Ireland title, their first in three championship seasons. It remains their last All-Ireland victory.

Cork's Kieran Murphy was the championship's top scorer with 5-28.
Richard H. Poff
Richard Harding "Dick" Poff (October 19, 1923 – June 27, 2011) was an American politician and judge. He was first elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1952 from Virginia's 6th congressional district. An attorney and a Republican, he was given strong consideration for the United States Supreme Court by President Richard M. Nixon and was later appointed as a justice (later senior justice) of the Virginia Supreme Court.

United States House Committee on the Judiciary
The United States House Committee on the Judiciary, also called the House Judiciary Committee, is a standing committee of the United States House of Representatives. It is charged with overseeing the administration of justice within the federal courts, federal administrative agencies, and federal law enforcement entities. The Judiciary Committee is often involved in the impeachment process against federal officials. Because of the legal nature of its oversight, committee members usually have a legal background, but this is not required.

In the 119th Congress, the chair of the committee is Republican Jim Jordan of Ohio, and the ranking minority member is Democrat Jamie Raskin of Maryland.
Timeline of Moffett Airfield
In the nation's quest to provide security along its lengthy coastlines, air reconnaissance was put forth by the futuristic Rear Admiral William A. Moffett. Through his efforts, two Naval Air Stations, including Airbase Sunnyvale CAL, were commissioned in the early 1930s to port the Naval Airships (dirigibles) which he believed capable of meeting this challenge.

VP-31
VP-31, Patrol Squadron 31 was a maritime patrol squadron of the United States Navy. It was established on 30 June 1960 to train replacement aircrew and maintenance personnel. It was disestablished on 1 November 1993.
Qingdao–Jinan through train
The Qingdao–Jinan through train (Chinese: 青岛到济南动车组列车) is a Chinese railway running between the capital Qingdao to Jinan express passenger trains by the Jinan Railway Bureau, Jinan passenger segment responsible for passenger transport task, Jinan originating on the Qingdao train. CRH5 Type Passenger trains running along the Qingdao–Jinan High-Speed Railway across Shandong provinces, the entire 363 km.

China Railway Jinan Group
China Railway Jinan Group, officially abbreviated as CR Jinan or CR-Jinan, formerly, Jinan Railway Administration is a subsidiary company under the jurisdiction of the China Railway (formerly the Ministry of Railway). The railway administration was reorganized as a company in November 2017.

It is responsible for the railway network within Shandong Province, with a total length of 8,283.9 kilometers, and consisting of 295 railway stations.
Mount Tagubud
Mount Tagubud, also known as  Mount Pandadagsaan or White Peak, is the highest mountain in the province of Davao de Oro in the Philippines with an elevation of  2,670 metres (8,760 ft) above sea level. Located in New Bataan Davao de Oro, Davao Region in the island of Mindanao Philippines, Mount Tagubud is the source of the Agusan River.

Agusan River
The Agusan River is third longest river in the Philippines, located in the north-eastern part of Mindanao island, draining majority of the Caraga region and some parts of Davao de Oro. It is the country's third largest river (after the Cagayan River and Rio Grande de Mindanao) with a total drainage area of 11,937 square kilometres (4,609 sq mi) and an estimated length of 349 kilometres (217 mi) from its origin.
56 Sagittarii
56 Sagittarii is a single star in the southern constellation of Sagittarius. It has the Bayer designation f Sagittarii, while 56 Sagittarii is the Flamsteed designation. This object is visible to the naked eye as a faint, orange-hued point of light with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.87. It is located approximately 208 light years away from the Sun based on parallax, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +22 km/s.

This is an aging giant star with a stellar classification of K0+III, having exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core and expanded to 11 times the Sun's radius. It is a red clump giant, which means it is on the horizontal branch and is generating energy through helium fusion at its core. The star has 1.8 times the mass of the Sun and is radiating 59 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,750 K.

Flamsteed designation
A Flamsteed designation is a combination of a number and constellation name that uniquely identifies most naked eye stars in the modern constellations visible from southern England. They are named after John Flamsteed, author of the Historia Coelestis Britannica, the first major star catalogue compiled with the aid of a telescope. Flamsteed’s own catalogue did not include what are now known as Flamsteed numbers, but its listing of stars in each constellation provided the basis for later astronomers to add them.
Anau culture
The Anau culture was an ancient agricultural civilization of Central Asia centred in southern Turkmenistan. It started during the Chalcolithic period around 4000 BC, following the Neolithic Jeitun culture. It is named after its main site of Anau, Turkmenistan.

The Namazga culture was contemporary to the Anau culture.

Pottery similar to that of Anau (the earliest Anau IA phase) has been found as far as Shir Ashian Tepe in the Semnan Province of Iran.

Shir Ashian Tepe
Shir Ashian Tepe (Shir-e Shian, Šir-āšiān) is a prehistoric archaeological site in the Semnan Province of Iran, situated in Shir Ashian, about 15 kilometres southwest of Damghan.

Occupation appears to have been restricted to a relatively short period during the mid-5th century BCE.
Fort St. John Huskies
The Fort St. John Huskies are a Canadian Junior "B" ice hockey team based in Fort St. John, British Columbia, Canada.  They are former members of the Peace-Cariboo Jr. B, Jr. A, and Rocky Mountain Junior Hockey League and current members of the Jr. B North West Junior Hockey League of Hockey Alberta.

Williams Lake Mustangs
The Williams Lake Mustangs are a Junior 'A' ice hockey team based in Williams Lake, British Columbia. They are members of the Doug Birks Division of the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League. They play their home games at the Cariboo Memorial Recreation Centre. The team relocated to Williams Lake in 2024 from Summerland where they played as the Summerland Steam from 2011 to 2024.
Visionaries: Knights of the Magical Light
Visionaries: Knights of the Magical Light is a science fantasy media franchise that consisted of a short-lived toyline of action figures and vehicles produced by Hasbro, and an animated television series by Sunbow Productions that ran for one season of thirteen episodes in 1987. Star Comics published a bimonthly comic book series that lasted six issues from November 1987 to September 1988. The animated series was the first Hasbro property to be produced by Sunbow without the aid of Marvel Productions, and utilized Japanese studio Tokyo Movie Shinsha for overseas animation work.

IDW Publishing published a five-issue crossover comic miniseries featuring the series characters and the Transformers from January to May 2018.

Action figure
An action figure is a poseable character model figure made most commonly of plastic, and often based upon characters from a film, comic book, military, video game, television program, or sport; fictional or historical. These figures are usually marketed toward boys and adult collectors. The term was coined by Hasbro in 1964 to market G.I. Joe to boys (while competitors called similar offerings boy's dolls).

According to a 2005 study in Sweden, action figures which display traditional masculine traits primarily target boys. While most commonly marketed as a child's toy, the action figure has gained widespread acceptance as collector item for adults. In such a case, the item may be produced and designed on the assumption it will be bought solely for display as a collectible and not played with like a child's toy.
Lou Stein
Lou Stein (April 22, 1922 – December 11, 2002) was an American jazz pianist.

Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Stein joined Ray McKinley's band in 1942. He played with Glenn Miller when the latter was stateside during World War II.

After the war he worked with Charlie Ventura (1946–47) and became a session musician. He performed with the Lawson-Haggart Band, Benny Goodman, Sarah Vaughan, the Sauter-Finegan Orchestra, Louie Bellson, Red Allen, Coleman Hawkins, and Lester Young, and recorded as a bandleader. In 1957 he had a U.S. Top 40 hit with "Almost Paradise", which peaked at No. 31 on the Billboard Hot 100. His cover version of "Got a Match" made the Cashbox Top 60 in 1958. He played with Joe Venuti from 1969 to 1972.

Yank Lawson
John Rhea "Yank" Lawson (May 3, 1911 – February 18, 1995) was an American jazz trumpeter known for Dixieland and swing music.

Born John Lausen in 1911, from 1933 to 1935 he worked in Ben Pollack's orchestra and after that became a founding member of the Bob Crosby Orchestra. He later worked with Benny Goodman and Tommy Dorsey, but also worked with Crosby again in 1941–42. Later in the 1940s he became a studio musician leading his own Dixieland sessions.

In the 1950s he and Bob Haggart created the Lawson-Haggart band and they worked together in 1968 to form the World's Greatest Jazz Band, a Dixieland group which performed for the next ten years.
1913 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final
The 1913 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final was the 26th All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1913 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland.

Pat O'Shea (Gaelic footballer, born 1888)
Pat 'Aeroplane' O'Shea (1888–1980) was an Irish sportsperson.  He played Gaelic football with his local club Castlegregory and was a member of the Kerry senior inter-county team between 1910 until 1914.
An interview was undertaken with Pat O'Shea on Raidió na Gaeltachta in 1980 - it was aired again on 8 July 2021.
Lynching of Fred Alexander
The lynching of Fred Alexander was committed by a mob in Leavenworth, Kansas, United States on January 15, 1901, after he was arrested for rape and murder. He was killed when he was burned alive while tied to a metal rail. The Democratic Party-allied newspaper had been fomenting fear of African Americans as libidinous sexual predators. Results of official investigations disputed whether there was a rape and only circumstantial evidence was used to blame him for the alleged crime. The lynching and its aftermath were widely covered in newspapers.

Alexander was a veteran of the Spanish–American War. He was accused of the rape and murder of 19-year-old Pearl Forbes. He was castrated during the lynching.

Leavenworth, Kansas
Leavenworth (/ˈlɛvənˌwɜːrθ/) is the county seat of and the largest city in Leavenworth County, Kansas, United States. Part of the Kansas City metropolitan area, Leavenworth is located on the west bank of the Missouri River, on the site of Fort Leavenworth, built in 1827. The city became known in American history for its role as a key supply base in the settlement of the American West. During the Civil War, many volunteers joined the Union Army from Leavenworth.  The city has been notable as the location of several prisons, particularly the United States Disciplinary Barracks and United States Penitentiary, Leavenworth. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 37,351.
Water restrictions in Australia
Water restrictions have been enacted in many cities and regions in Australia, which is the Earth's driest inhabited continent, in response to chronic water shortages resulting from the widespread drought. Depending upon the location, these can include restrictions on watering lawns, using sprinkler systems, washing vehicles, hosing pavement, refilling swimming pools, etc. Overpopulation, evidence of drying climates, coupled with corresponding reductions in the supply of drinking water has led various state governments to consider alternative water sources to supplement existing sources, and to implement "water inspectors" who can issue penalties to those who waste water. Many states describe the different levels of water restrictions in terms of "stages": starting at Stage 1, for the least restrictive, going up as far as Stage 8. The highest level reached in the current drought has been stage 7 for Kingaroy. There are different definitions given to each "stage" in different states.

Goldfields Water Supply Scheme
The Goldfields Water Supply Scheme is a pipeline and dam project that delivers potable water from Mundaring Weir in Perth to communities in Western Australia's Eastern Goldfields, particularly Coolgardie and Kalgoorlie. The project was commissioned in 1896 and completed in 1903.

The pipeline continues to operate today, supplying water to over 100,000 people in over 33,000 households as well as mines, farms and other enterprises.
Central Civil Services
The Central Civil Services (CCS) encompasses the various Civil Services of India that are exclusively under the jurisdiction of the Government of India. This is in contrast to the All India Services, which are common to both the central and state government entities, or the state civil services, which fall under the purview of individual states.

The services with the most personnel in the entire Civil Services of India and also the Central Civil Services are with the Central Secretariat Service and Indian Revenue Service (IT and C&CE). The Cadre Controlling Authority for each established Service is controlled by the respective Union government ministries of India. The higher-level positions in the Central Civil Services are classified into Group A and Group B, both of which are gazetted.

Indian Railway Service of Engineers
The Indian Railways Service of Engineers (IRSE) is one of the oldest group 'A' central engineering services recruited through the Indian Railway Management service exam conducted by the Union Public Service Commission. The officers of this service are responsible for administering the Civil Engineering organisation of the Indian Railways
Abu Shuja al-Rudhrawari
Abū Shujā' Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Rūdhrāwarī, also known by the honorific "Zaḥīr al-Dīn", was an 11th-century government official and author who served as vizier for the Abbasid Caliphate twice, once briefly in 1078 and the second time from 1083/4 until 1094. He wrote a continuation to Miskawayh's history Tajārib al-umam. He also wrote a diwan of poetry, of which about 80 verses survive.

Vizier (Abbasid Caliphate)
The vizier (Arabic: وزير, romanized: wazīr) was the senior minister of the Abbasid Caliphate, and set a model that was widely emulated in the Muslim world. Many viziers came to enjoy considerable power, even at times eclipsing the Abbasid caliphs and using them as puppets. The majority of the viziers were of non-Arab origin, and several were also notable patrons of poets and scholars, sponsoring the Translation Movement as well as religious works.
Holme Lacy railway station
Holme Lacy railway station is a disused railway station that served the village of Holme Lacy in Herefordshire. One of the original two stations between Hereford and Ross, along with Fawley, Holme Lacy opened with the line on 1 June 1855 it was located on the Great Western Railway line linking Ross-on-Wye and Hereford. The platform remains and the station building has been demolished to foundation level.

The rusting railings on the disused platform in 2006.

Another view of the platform, again in 2006.

Hereford
Hereford (/ˈhɛrɪfərd/ ⓘ HERR-if-ərd) is a cathedral city and the county town of the ceremonial county of Herefordshire, England. It is on the banks of the River Wye and lies 16 miles (26 km) east of the border with Wales, 23 miles (37 km) north-west of Gloucester and 24 miles (39 km) south-west of Worcester. With a population of 61,900 in 2024, it is the largest settlement in Herefordshire.

An early town charter from 1189, granted by Richard I of England, describes it as "Hereford in Wales". Hereford has been recognised as a city since time immemorial, with the status being reconfirmed in October 2000. Hereford has been a civil parish since 2000.

Products from Hereford include cider, beer, leather goods, nickel alloys, poultry, chemicals and sausage rolls, as well as the Hereford breed of cattle.
Rachel Azaria
Rachel Azaria (Hebrew: רחל עזריה; born 21 December 1977), is a social activist and was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Kulanu. She previously served as deputy mayor and member of the Jerusalem City Council.

Ze'ev Elkin
Ze'ev Elkin (born 3 April 1971) is an Israeli politician who currently serves as a Member of the Knesset for the New Hope Party. He was previously a member of the Knesset for Kadima, Likud and the National Unity Party and served as Minister of Jerusalem Affairs, Minister of Housing and Construction, Minister of Immigrant Absorption, Minister of Environmental Protection, Minister of Higher Education and Minister of Water Resources.
Anuradha (nakshatra)
Anuradha (अनुराधा), meaning "following Radha", is the seventeenth nakshatra (lunar mansion) in Indian astronomy and astrology, having a spread from 3°20' to 16°40'. It corresponds to the line of stars formed by β, δ, π and ρ Scorpii in the constellation Scorpius, which also form the Chinese lunar mansion Fang (Room).

In astrology, Anuradha is ruled by Shani (Saturn).
Mitra is the deity for Anuradha Nakshatra. Anuradha is a fragile nakshatra with the shakti power of granting abundance. Anuradha rules the breasts, stomach, womb and bowels.

Delta Scorpii
Delta Scorpii (Latinised from δ Scorpii, abbreviated Delta Sco, δ Sco) is a binary star (the presence of a third star in the system is being debated) in the constellation of Scorpius. The primary star is named Dschubba /ˈdʒʌbə/.