hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Minsterley
Minsterley is a village and civil parish in Shropshire, England. In the 2011 census, its population was 1,777. Minsterley lies one mile south-west of Pontesbury and 10 miles south-west of Shrewsbury. East from Minsterley along the A488, is the larger village of Pontesbury and to its south the hill range, the Stiperstones. The Rea Brook flows nearby and the smaller Minsterley Brook flows through the centre of the village.

Little Minsterley is a hamlet on the northeastern edge of the village, which was founded in 1901. Between it and the main village is located one of the Shropshire Fire and Rescue Service's retained fire stations.

Stiperstones
The Stiperstones (Welsh: Carneddau Teon) is a distinctive hill in Shropshire, England. The quartzite rock of the ridge formed some 480 million years ago. During the last Ice Age Stiperstones lay on the eastern margin of the Welsh ice sheet. The hill itself was not glaciated though glaciers occupied surrounding valleys and it was subject to intense freezing and thawing which shattered the quartzite into a mass of jumbled scree surrounding several residual rocky tors. At 536 metres (1,759 ft) above sea level it is the second-highest hill in the county, surpassed only by Brown Clee Hill (540 metres (1,772 ft)). Stiperstones' 8-kilometre (5 mi) summit ridge is crowned by several jagged outcrops of rock, which may be seen silhouetted against the sky.
Gospa od Milosti
The Our Lady of Mercy (Montenegrin: Gospa od Milosti/Госпа од Милости), also known as Our Lady of Grace, is one of three islands in a unique series of islands near town of Tivat in the Bay of Kotor region of southwestern
Montenegro.

It is located in front of the largest island of the Bay, Sveti Marko Island. The island is about 160 meters long and sixty meters wide. It is about 800 meters away from the coast of Tivat. On the island there is a "Church of Our Lady of Grace", dedicated to the conception of The Virgin Mary and also one more building.

The spacious church and monastery were built in the second half of the 15th century, where the priests who wanted to live away from the world first settled. Franciscans moved into the monastery in 1524 and operated there until 1800 when they left the island. The bishop of Kotor appoints two priests to guard the church and take over the administration of the parish.

Tivat
Tivat (Serbo-Croatian: Tivat/Тиват, pronounced [tîv̞at]) is a town in Coastal region of Montenegro, located in the Bay of Kotor. As of 2011, its population was 9,367. Tivat is the centre of Tivat Municipality, which is the smallest municipality by area in Montenegro.
2015 BWF World Junior Championships
The 2015 BWF World Junior Championships is the seventeenth tournament of the BWF World Junior Championships. It is held in Lima, Peru at the Centro de Alto Rendimiento de La Videna between 4–15 November 2015.

BWF World Junior Championships
The BWF World Junior Championships is a tournament organized by the Badminton World Federation to crown the best junior badminton players (U-19) in the world. The championship is held annually and consists of two separate competitions: a mixed team championship called the Suhandinata Cup, followed by an individual championship called the Eye Level Cups.
1948 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship
The 1948 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship was the 27th staging of the All-Ireland Junior Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912.

Cork entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Limerick in the Munster final.

The All-Ireland final replay was played on 31 October 1948 at Páirc Tailteann in Navan, between Meath and London, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Meath won the match by 2-07 to 2-05 to claim their second championship title overall and a first title in 21 years.

1927 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship
The 1927 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship was the 10th staging of the All-Ireland Junior Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912.

Tipperary entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Limerick in the Munster first round.

The All-Ireland final was played on 1 July 1928 at Dundalk Sportsfield, between Meath and Britain, in what was their first ever meeting in a final. Meath won the match by 2-03 to 1-01 to claim their first ever championship title.
Liberal Democrat Treasury spokesperson
The Liberal Democrat Treasury spokesperson is the spokesperson for the United Kingdom  Liberal Democrats on matters relating to the work of the Chancellor of the Exchequer and HM Treasury. The office holder is a member of the Liberal Democrat frontbench team. The post exists when the Liberal Democrats are in opposition, but not when they are in government, for example during the Cameron–Clegg coalition.

The position is also sometimes called the Liberal Democrat shadow chancellor.

Liberal Democrat frontbench team
The Liberal Democrats are a political party in the United Kingdom.  While in opposition, the Leader of the Liberal Democrats appoints a frontbench team of members of Parliament (MPs), peers in the House of Lords, members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs), and members of the Senedd (MSs) to speak for the party on different issues. Their areas of responsibility broadly corresponded to those of Government ministers. The frontbench team is divided into departmental sub-units, the principal ones being the economy, foreign policy, and home affairs. Sometimes the frontbench team consists of more than just the principal positions.
Miquel Costa i Llobera
Miquel Costa i Llobera (10 March 1854 – 16 October 1922) was a Spanish poet from Majorca. He mainly wrote in Catalan language.

He is regarded as a prominent figure of Catalan poetry. Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo described him as an excellent lyric poet who would rank among the greatest in any nation and during the finest literary periods.

Prudentius
Aurelius Prudentius Clemens (/pruːˈdɛnʃ(i)əs/ proo-DEN-sh(ee-)əs) was a Roman Christian poet, born in the Roman province of Tarraconensis (now Northern Spain) in 348. He probably died in the Iberian Peninsula some time after 405, possibly around 413. The place of his birth is uncertain, but it may have been Caesaraugusta (Zaragoza), Tarraco (Tarragona), or Calagurris (Calahorra).
Sultan Mahmud Mosque in Belgrade
Sultan Mahmud Mosque in Belgrade was a mosque in Belgrade, built around 1739 and expanded in 1746, located on the plateau of the Upper Town of the Belgrade Fortress. Nearby were the Damad Ali Pasha's tomb, a tekke, cemetery, the Vizier's residence, and even a tavern until the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774), which was soon demolished in accordance with Sharia law.

Belgrade Fortress
The Belgrade Fortress (Serbian: Београдска тврђава, Beogradska tvrđava, Hungarian: Nándorfehérvár), consists of the old citadel (Upper and Lower Town) and Kalemegdan Park (Large and Little Kalemegdan) on the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, in an urban area of modern Belgrade, Serbia. Located in Belgrade's municipality of Stari Grad, the fortress constitutes the specific historical core of the city. As one of the most important representatives of Belgrade's cultural heritage, it was originally protected right after World War II, among the first officially declared cultural monuments in Serbia. The fortress was declared a Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance in 1979, and is protected by the Republic of Serbia. It is the most visited tourist attraction in Belgrade, with Skadarlija being the second. Since the admission is free, it is estimated that the total number of visitors (foreign, domestic, citizens of Belgrade) is over 2 million yearly.
Microphotonics
Microphotonics is a branch of technology that deals with directing light on a microscopic scale and is used in optical networking. Particularly, it refers to the branch of technology that deals with wafer-level integrated devices and systems that emit, transmit, detect, and process light along with other forms of radiant energy with photon as the quantum unit.

Microphotonics employs at least two different materials with a large differential index of refraction to squeeze the light down to a small size.  Generally speaking, virtually all of microphotonics relies on Fresnel reflection to guide the light.  If the photons reside mainly in the higher index material, the confinement is due to total internal reflection.  If the confinement is due many distributed Fresnel reflections, the device is termed a photonic crystal.  There are many different types of geometries used in microphotonics including optical waveguides, optical microcavities, and Arrayed waveguide gratings.

Waveguide (optics)
An optical waveguide is a physical structure that guides electromagnetic waves in the optical spectrum. Common types of optical waveguides include optical fiber waveguides, transparent dielectric waveguides made of plastic and glass, liquid light guides, and liquid waveguides.

Optical waveguides are used as components in integrated optical circuits or as the transmission medium in local and long-haul optical communication systems. They can also be used in optical head-mounted displays in augmented reality.

Optical waveguides can be classified according to their geometry (planar, strip, or fiber waveguides), mode structure (single-mode, multi-mode), refractive index distribution (step or gradient index), and material (glass, polymer, semiconductor).
Classification of Individual Consumption According to Purpose
Classification of Individual Consumption According to Purpose (COICOP) is a Reference Classification published by the United Nations Statistics Division that divides the purpose of individual consumption expenditures incurred by three institutional sectors, namely households, non-profit institutions serving households, and general government.

Categories in COICOP generally correspond to categories in the UN's CPC. Division 14 of COICOP corresponds to the Classification of the Purposes of Non-Profit Institutions Serving Households (COPNI); Division 15 of COICOP corresponds to the Classification of the Functions of Government (COFOG).

The classification units are transactions.

COICOP's latest revision is currently available as COICOP 2018.

Central Product Classification
The Central Product Classification (CPC) is a product classification for goods and services promulgated by the United Nations Statistical Commission. It is intended to be an international standard for organizing and analyzing data on industrial production, national accounts, trade, prices and so on.

The European Union's Classification of Products by Activity (CPA) is based on CPC.
2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 800 metre freestyle
The men's 800 metre freestyle competition at the 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 24 at the Gold Coast Aquatic Centre. The last champion was Ryan Cochrane of Canada.

This event was a timed-final where each swimmer swam just once. The top 8 seeded swimmers swam in the evening and the remaining swimmers swam in the morning session.

2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships
The 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, also known as the 2014 Hancock Prospecting Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, a long course (50 m) event, was held in Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, from 21 to 25 August 2014.
John Archdall (archdeacon of Ferns)
John Archdall (13 January 1804 – 11 May 1897) was an Irish Anglican priest.

Archdall was born in Wexford and educated at Trinity College, Dublin, He was ordained in 1828. He was appointed Rector of Newtownbarry in 1837 and  Archdeacon of Ferns in 1875, holding both positions until his death

Archdeacon of Ferns
The Archdeacon of Ferns is a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Church of Ireland. The Archdeacon is responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy within the Ferns Diocese, now part of the Diocese of Cashel and Ossory.

The archdeaconry can trace its history from Reginald, the first known incumbent, who held the office between 1223 and 1230, to the current incumbent Bob Gray who was appointed in 2015.
Lille Skensved
Lille Skensved is a small railway town located in Køge and Solrød municipalities, at the railway line Lille Syd between Roskilde and Køge about 7 kilometres north of Køge. The total population of Lille Skensved is 1,676 (1 January 2025), 1,607 in Køge Municipality and 69 in Solrød Municipality.

The towns largest workplace is CP Kelco Aps, since November 2024  a part of Tate & Lyle. It is the largest plant in the world producing pectin, carrageenan and refined locust bean gum.

Køge
Køge (Danish pronunciation: [ˈkʰøː(j)ə], older spelling Kjøge) is a Danish seaport on the coast of Køge Bugt (Bay of Køge) 39 km southwest of Copenhagen. It is the principal town and seat of Køge Municipality, Region Zealand, Denmark. In 2025, the urban area had a population of 38,506.

The natural harbour and strategic location have given Køge a long history as a market town. Today, that past is evident in a well-preserved old town centre with many half-timbered houses.

Køge is located in the Copenhagen metropolitan area and is connected to downtown Copenhagen by the E line of the S-train commuter rail system. Køge is also on the Copenhagen-Ringsted Line that was opened in June 2019. The new line positioned Køge as a central hub in Denmark's transport system.
Louis Grabu
Louis Grabu, Grabut, Grabue, or Grebus (fl. 1665 – 1690, died after 1693) was a Catalan-born, French-trained composer and violinist who was mainly active in England.

While he was probably born in Catalonia – he was later referred to as 'Lodovicus Grabeu of Shalon in Catalunnia' – details of his early life are lacking.  Sometime in his youth he moved to Paris, where he was most likely trained by Lully.  At the time of the Restoration he went to England, where French music, especially opera, was much in vogue.

Charles II of England appointed him as a composer for his own private music in 1665, and with the death of Nicholas Lanier in 1666 he became the second person to hold the title Master of the King's Musick. He adapted Robert Cambert's opera Ariadne for a London performance in 1674, and wrote music for John Dryden's Albion and Albanius in 1685.

In 1693 he left England, the only land where he had achieved any fame, and completely disappeared from the historical record.

Nicholas Lanier
Nicholas Lanier, sometimes Laniere (baptised 10 September 1588 – buried 24 February 1666) was an English composer and musician; the first to hold the title of Master of the King's Music from 1625 to 1666, an honour given to musicians of great distinction. He was the court musician, a composer and performer and Groom of the Chamber in the service of King Charles I and Charles II. He was also a singer, lutenist, scenographer and painter.
Multimap
In computer science, a multimap (sometimes also multihash, multidict or multidictionary) is a generalization of a map or associative array abstract data type in which more than one value may be associated with and returned for a given key. Both map and multimap are particular cases of containers (for example, see C++ Standard Template Library containers). Often the multimap is implemented as a map with lists or sets as the map values.

Set (abstract data type)
In computer science, a set is an abstract data type that can store distinct values, without any particular order. It is a computer implementation of the mathematical concept of a finite set. Unlike most other collection types, rather than retrieving a specific element from a set, one typically tests a value for membership in a set.

Some set data structures are designed for static or frozen sets that do not change after they are constructed. Static sets allow only query operations on their elements — such as checking whether a given value is in the set, or enumerating the values in some arbitrary order.  Other variants, called dynamic or mutable sets, allow also the insertion and deletion of elements from the set.

A multiset is a special kind of set in which an element can appear multiple times in the set.
Closing pin
A closing pin is a curved piece of stainless steel metal used in the sport of skydiving. The pin is sewn onto the bridle, which is a 7- to 10-foot-long piece of nylon webbing connected to the pilot chute. The closing pin passes through the closing loop and in doing so, secures the main container of a skydiving rig, keeping the parachute from deploying prematurely. When the pilot chute is thrown out by the skydiver and catches air, it pulls the closing pin from the closing loop and allows the main parachute to be released from the container and inflate.

Pilot chute
A pilot chute is a small auxiliary parachute used to deploy the main or reserve parachute. The pilot chute is connected by a bridle to the deployment bag containing the parachute. Pilot chutes are a critical component of all modern skydiving and BASE jumping gear. Pilot chutes are also used as a component of spacecraft such as NASA's Orion.
Shadows of the Past (album)
Shadows of the Past (originally titled Shadows of Past) is the debut album by the Finnish metal band Sentenced. It was released in 1991 and reissued by Century Media in 1995, including the Journey to Pohjola demo. It was reissued again in 2001 with North from Here and again in 2008 as a two-CD set along with their first two demos.

North from Here
North from Here is the second album by the Finnish metal band Sentenced. Lyrics of the album deal with Sentenced's typical melancholy, but some also deal with the mythology and history of Finnish warfare and the national romantic epic of Kalevala. Prior the release of North From Here the band had developed their playing skills further and established a more personal sound, drawing influence from a number of extreme metal bands including Atheist, Nocturnus, Bathory, and the early works of Darkthrone (namely the band's death metal debut, Soulside Journey), but on the opposite spectrum, also more rock-oriented acts such as Faith No More and Primus.
Golf at the 1900 Summer Olympics
The 1900 Summer Olympics took place in Paris, France. Two of the golf events that were contested in early October at the Compiègne Club, Compiègne as part of the Exposition Universelle, the men's and women's individual stroke play competitions, have since been afforded Olympic status. As such the 1900 games are recognised as the first time that golf was held in the Olympics.

Handicap (golf)
A golf handicap is a numerical measure of a golfer's ability, or potential ability, that is used to enable players of different abilities to compete against one another. Better players are those with the lowest handicaps.

Historically, rules relating to handicaps have varied from country to country with many different systems in force around the world. Because of incompatibilities and difficulties in translating between systems, the sport's governing bodies, the USGA and The R&A, working with the various existing handicapping authorities, devised a new World Handicap System (WHS) which began to be introduced globally in 2020.
Miss Dominican Republic 1963
Señorita República Dominicana 1963 was held on January 29, 1963. There were 14 candidates who competed for the national crown. The Miss Azúcar represented the Dominican Republic at the Miss Universe 1963 . The Miss Café will enter Miss International 1963. The Miss Merengue will enter Feria de la Chinita. Only the 14 province entered. On the top 10 they showed their evening gown and answered questions so they could go to the top 5. In the top 5 they would answer more questions. There are only 14 delegates due to the reason low economy in each province and the country.

Miss Universe 1963
Miss Universe 1963 was the 12th Miss Universe pageant, held at the Miami Beach Auditorium in Miami Beach, Florida, the United States, on 20 July 1963.

At the end of the event, Norma Nolan of Argentina crowned Iêda Maria Vargas of Brazil as Miss Universe 1963. It is the first victory of Brazil in the history of the pageant.

Contestants from fifty countries and territories competed in this edition. The pageant was hosted by John Charles Daly, while Arlene Francis and Gene Rayburn served as backstage correspondents.
Marchlewszczyzna
Marchlewszczyzna (Ukrainian: Мархлевський польський національний район; Russian: Мархлевский польский национальный район) was a Polish National District in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic created as an experiment and as part of the Soviet korenizatsia campaign  in Zhytomyr Okruha to the west of Zhytomyr on 21 July 1925 by resolution of the Little Presidium of the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee. Its capital, the town of Dovbysh, was renamed later in 1926 as Marchlewsk. The district was one of 32 other national districts that were created in the Ukrainian SSR during that period (1924-1939). Creation of the district was based on standards adopted by the fourth session of the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee (15-19 February 1925) and recommendations of the Central Commission in affairs of National Minorities at that executive committee. It was created to implement an idea in creation of Polish national districts on territories of Ukrainian and Belarusian SSRs.

Pulyny Raion
Pulyny Raion (Ukrainian: Пулинський район) was a raion (district) of Zhytomyr Oblast, northern Ukraine. Its administrative centre was located at Pulyny. The raion covered an area of 853 square kilometres (329 sq mi). It was originally known as Chervonoarmiisk Raion (Ukrainian: Червоноармійський район) but on 19 May 2016, the Verkhovna Rada decided to rename it to Pulyny Raion according to the law prohibiting names of Communist origin.

The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Zhytomyr Oblast to four. The area of Pulyny Raion was merged into Zhytomyr Raion. The last estimate of the raion's population was 22,193 (2020 est.)
Pygmalion and Galatea (play)
Pygmalion and Galatea, an Original Mythological Comedy is a blank verse play by W. S. Gilbert in three acts based on the Pygmalion story. It opened at the Haymarket Theatre in London on 9 December 1871 and ran for a very successful 184 performances. It was revived many times, including an 1883 production in New York starring Mary Anderson as Galatea.

Pygmalion was Gilbert's greatest success to that date and is said to have earned him £40,000 during his lifetime. Pygmalion and Galatea was so popular that other dramatic Pygmalion adaptations were rushed to the stage. In January 1872, Ganymede and Galatea opened at the Gaiety Theatre. This was a comic version of Franz von Suppé's Die schöne Galathee, coincidentally with Arthur Sullivan's brother, Fred Sullivan, in the cast. In March 1872, William Brough's Pygmalion; or, The Statue Fair was revived, and in May of that year, a visiting French company produced Victor Massé's Galathée.

Die schöne Galathée
Die schöne Galathée (The Beautiful Galatea) is an operetta in one act by Franz von Suppé to a German libretto by the composer and 'Poly Henrion' (the pseudonym of Leonhard Kohl von Kohlenegg).

In the early 1860s, French operettas by Jacques Offenbach were first presented in Vienna. Franz von Suppé was obliged to compete with them by taking the time-honored traditions of Vienna and combining it with the new style of Offenbach. Die schöne Galathée was Franz von Suppé's first critical success.