hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Barsbay
Al-Ashraf Sayf ad-Dīn Barsbāy (Arabic: الأشرف سيف الدين برسباي) was the ninth Burji Mamluk sultan of Egypt from AD 1422 to 1438. He was Circassian by birth and a former slave of the first Burji Sultan, Barquq.

Barquq
Al-Malik Az-Zahir Sayf ad-Din Barquq  (Arabic: الملك الظاهر سيف الدين برقوق; born c. 1336) was the first Sultan of the Circassian Mamluk Burji dynasty of Egypt ruling from 1382 to 1389 and 1390 to 1399. Born to a Christian father in Circassia, Barquq was enslaved and later arrived in Egypt. He deposed sultan al-Salih Hajji to claim the throne for himself. Once in power, he placed many of his family members in positions of power. Rebelling governors in 1389 restored Hajji to the throne but Barquq was able to reclaim the throne shortly after and ruled until his death in 1399 and was succeeded by his son. The name Barquq is of Circassian origin and is his birth name.
John Max
John Max RCA (John Porchawka, 23 September 1936 – 5 May 2011) was a Canadian photojournalist, photography teacher, and art photographer. He is recognized for his use of the narrative sequence, his expressive portraiture, and his intensely personal, subjective approach to photography by a number of critics, curators, artists, and photographers in Canada and abroad. It has also been the source of a number of responses and homages. His work is represented by the Stephen Bulger Gallery, in Toronto, which also administers his Estate.

Robert Frank said about him "When I think of Canadian photography, his name comes up first."

Robert Frank
Robert Frank (Swiss Standard German: [fraŋk]; November 9, 1924 – September 9, 2019) was a Swiss American photographer and documentary filmmaker. His most notable work, the 1958 book titled The Americans, earned Frank comparisons to a modern-day de Tocqueville for his fresh and nuanced outsider's view of American society. Critic Sean O'Hagan, writing in The Guardian in 2014, said The Americans "changed the nature of photography, what it could say and how it could say it. [ ... ] it remains perhaps the most influential photography book of the 20th century." Frank later expanded into film and video and experimented with manipulating photographs and photomontage.
Joetsu Aquarium
Joetsu aquarium (上越市立水族博物館) is a Japanese Public Aquarium owned by Joetsu City and located in Gochi, Joetsu City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Its origins date back to 1934, but it reopened in June 2018 under the nickname "Umigatari" (うみがたり). This is an aquarium dedicated to the Sea of Japan, with the concept of discussing the sea.

It is a member of the Japanese Association of Zoos and Aquariums (JAZA), and the aquarium is accredited as a Registered Museum by the Museum Act from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.

Japanese Association of Zoos and Aquariums
The Japanese Association of Zoos and Aquariums (JAZA, in Japanese: 日本動物園水族館協会, Nihon Dōbutsu-en Suizokukan Kyōkai) is an organization for the zoo and aquarium community in Japan. As of April 30, 2021, JAZA has 90 member zoos and 50 member aquariums. JAZA seeks to protect nature and animals through educational and conservation outreach.
Confiscation of Armenian properties in Turkey
The confiscation of Armenian properties by the Ottoman and Turkish governments involved seizure of the assets, properties and land of the country's Armenian community. Starting with the Hamidian massacres and peaking during the Armenian genocide, the confiscation of the Armenian property lasted continuously until 1974. Much of the confiscations during the Armenian genocide were made after the Armenians were deported into the Syrian Desert with the government declaring their goods and assets left behind as "abandoned". Virtually all properties owned by Armenians living in their ancestral homeland in Western Armenia  were confiscated and later distributed among the local Muslim population.

Historians argue that the mass confiscation of Armenian properties was an important factor in forming the economic basis of the Turkish Republic while endowing the Turkish economy with capital. The appropriation led to the formation of a new Turkish bourgeoisie and middle class.

Uğur Ümit Üngör
Uğur Ümit Üngör (born in Erzincan, 1980) is a Dutch–Turkish academic, historian, sociologist, and professor of genocide studies, specializing as a scholar and researcher of Holocaust studies and studies on mass violence. He served as Professor of History at the Utrecht University and Professor of Sociology at the NIOD Institute for War, Holocaust and Genocide Studies.
Redgrave and Lopham Fens
Redgrave and Lopham Fens is a 127 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest between Thelnetham in Suffolk and Diss in Norfolk. England. It is a national nature reserve, a Ramsar internationally important wetland site, a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I, and part of the Waveney and Little Ouse Valley Fens Special Area of Conservation. It is managed by the Suffolk Wildlife Trust.

It is the largest remaining area of river valley fen in England and consists of a number of different fen types, including saw-sedge beds, as well as having areas of open water, heathland, scrub and woodland. It is also one of only three sites in the UK where the fen raft spider (Dolomedes plantarius) is known to be found.

A Nature Conservation Review
A Nature Conservation Review is a two-volume work by Derek Ratcliffe, published by Cambridge University Press in 1977. It set out to identify the most important places for nature conservation in Great Britain. It is often known by the initials NCR, and sites listed in it are termed "NCR sites".

The approach adopted by Ratcliffe was adapted and applied to the selection of sites important for geological conservation in the Geological Conservation Review. A Marine Nature Conservation Review has also been published.

Volume 1 set out the rationale and methods used, and gave descriptions of the major habitat types.

Volume 2 consisted entirely of a site inventory. Sites were grouped into six major habitat types:

Coastal sites - 135 sites

Woodlands - 234 sites

Lowland grasslands, heaths and scrub - 159 sites

Open waters - 99 sites

Peatlands - 116 sites

Upland grasslands and heaths - 101 sites
David Leigh (scientist)
David Alan Leigh (born May 31, 1963) FRS FRSE FRSC is a British chemist, Royal Society Research Professor and, since 2014, the Sir Samuel Hall Chair of Chemistry in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Manchester. He was previously the Forbes Chair of Organic Chemistry at the University of Edinburgh (2001–2012) and Professor of Synthetic Chemistry at the University of Warwick (1998–2001).

Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC) is one of the most prestigious awards conferred by the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) in the United Kingdom. Existing Fellows include award winning scientists and Nobel prize winners.
Operation Azm-e-Istehkam
Operation Azm-e-Istehkam (Urdu: آپریشن عزم استحکام) is a counter-insurgency operation launched by the government of Pakistan in June 2024. The operation was approved by prime minister Shehbaz Sharif. The operation will include not only military action, but also socio-economic uplift to deter extremism.

Lakki Marwat District
Lakki Marwat (Pashto: لکي مروت ولسوالۍ, Urdu: ضلع لکی مروت) is a district in  the Bannu Division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It was created as an administrative district on 1 July 1992, prior to which it was a tehsil of Bannu District.
Vøringsfossen
Vøringsfossen or Vøringen (English: Vøring Falls) is the 83rd highest waterfall in Norway on the basis of total fall. It lies at the top of the Måbødalen valley in Eidfjord Municipality in Vestland county. It is located near Norwegian National Road 7, which connects Oslo with Bergen. It has a total drop of 182 metres (597 ft), and a major drop of 163 metres (535 ft). It is perhaps the most famous waterfall in the country and a major tourist attraction on the road down from the Hardangervidda plateau to Hardangerfjord.

There are several warning signs in regard to the dangers of falling to one's death. Other measures for preventing deaths were planned for implementation in the spring of 2015, and a stairway bridge opened in 2020.

Hardangerfjord
The Hardangerfjord (English: Hardanger Fjord) is the fifth longest fjord in the world and the second longest fjord in Norway. It is located in the Hardanger region of Vestland county in western Norway. The fjord stretches 180 kilometres (110 mi) from the Atlantic Ocean into the mountainous interior of Norway along the Hardangervidda plateau. The innermost point of the fjord reaches the town of Odda.
Ruan Chengfa
Ruan Chengfa (Chinese: 阮成发; born 10 October 1957) is a Chinese politician who served as Party Secretary and Governor of Yunnan, and before that, Communist Party Secretary of Wuhan, mayor of Huangshi, head of the General Office of the Hubei Provincial Government, vice governor of Hubei, and party chief of Xiangfan. Ruan is an alternate of the 18th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and a member of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

Governor of Yunnan
The governor of Yunnan, officially the Governor of the Yunnan Provincial People's Government, is the head of Yunnan Province and leader of the Yunnan Provincial People's Government.

The governor is elected by the Yunnan Provincial People's Congress, and responsible to it and its Standing Committee. The governor is a provincial level official and is responsible for the overall decision-making of the provincial government. The governor is assisted by an executive vice governor as well as several vice governors. The governor generally serves as the deputy secretary of the Yunnan Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and as a member of the CCP Central Committee. The governor is the second highest-ranking official in the province after the secretary of the CCP Yunnan Committee. The current governor is Wang Yubo, who took office on 25 November 2020.
MacSpeech
MacSpeech, Inc. was a New Hampshire-based technology company that produced software-based speech recognition and voice dictation solutions for the Apple ecosystem. The company's products included iListen, MacSpeech Dictate, MacSpeech Dictate Medical, MacSpeech Dictate Legal, MacSpeech Dictate International, and MacSpeech Scribe. On February 12, 2010, Nuance Communications, Inc. acquired MacSpeech.

IBM ViaVoice
IBM ViaVoice was a range of language-specific continuous speech recognition software products offered by IBM. The current version is designed primarily for use in embedded devices. The latest stable version of IBM Via Voice was 9.0 and was able to transfer text directly into Microsoft Word.

The most important process for the correct use of this software is the so-called  'quick training', and 'enrollment': it consists of reading many specific words and sentences in order to make the software adapt itself to the specific users' sound and intonation features. It lasts for one hour or more and can be divided in many parts. Users are able to improve decoding accuracy, by reading prepared texts of a few hundred sentences.  The recorded data was used to tune the acoustic model to that specific user.  In addition, user specific text files could be parsed to tune the language model.  Correction of mis-recognised words was also used to improve subsequent decode accuracy.
Isaac Kobina Abban
Isaac Kobina Donkor Abban JSC (14 May 1933 – 21 April 2001) was the Chief Justice of Ghana between 1995 and 2001. He was the ninth person to hold this position since Ghana became an independent nation.

Judiciary of Ghana
The Judiciary of Ghana comprises the Superior Courts of Judicature, established under the 1992 Constitution, and the Inferior Courts, established by Parliament. The hierarchy of courts derives largely from British juridical forms. The courts have jurisdiction over all civil and criminal matters.
Alberta Highway 570
Alberta Provincial Highway No. 570 is a highway in the province of Alberta, Canada. It runs east-west from Highway 10 within Town of Drumheller, 1.6 km (1.0 mi) east of the former hamlet of East Coulee, to the Saskatchewan border south Alsask, Saskatchewan. Highway 570 continues east in Saskatchewan as an unnumbered highway for 1.1 km (0.7 mi) before ending at Saskatchewan Highway 44.

Highway 570 is considered part of the shortest route between Calgary and Saskatoon, with some digital map platforms recommending using it along with Highway 564 and Highway 848 through Alberta, as opposed Highway 9 which is part of Canada's National Highway System. In spite a difference of approximately 25 km (15 mi) and bypassing the Drumheller townsite, the route is sparsely populated with no services.

Alberta Highway 9
Highway 9 is a highway in south-central Alberta, Canada, which together with Saskatchewan Highway 7 connects Calgary with Saskatoon, Saskatchewan via Drumheller. It is designated as a core route of the National Highway System, forming a portion of an interprovincial corridor. Highway 9 spans approximately 324 kilometres (201 mi) from the Trans-Canada Highway (Highway 1) east of Calgary to Alberta's  border with Saskatchewan.
Negotin Valley
The Negotin Valley or Negotinska Krajina (Serbian: Неготинска Крајина, romanized: Negotinska Krajina, lit. 'Negotin Frontier'; Romanian: Valea Negotinului) is a region in northeastern Serbia. It is isolated and distanced from other parts of Central Serbia. The region has unusual climatic features and hydropotential and geomorphologic sites.

The region is centered around the city of Negotin. However, the borders of the region are not firmly defined. To the east, it is delimited by the Danube and Timok rivers, and to the west, by the Veliki Greben and Deli Jovan mountains. However, there are no certain geographic features to the north or south. The southern border can be interpreted as the Jelašnička River, while the northern one extends to Reka. It is agreed that the region is made up of several main centers: Negotin, Brza Palanka and since World War I, Salaš and Brusnik.

It can be considered as a part of the Timok Valley.

Brza Palanka
Brza Palanka (Serbian Cyrillic: Брза Паланка [br̩̂ːzaː pǎlaːŋka] ⓘ) is a town in eastern Serbia, on the right bank of the Danube. It is situated in the Kladovo municipality, in the Bor District. The population of the town is 860 people (2011 census).

The town has its origin in the Roman town of Aegeta (Egeta).
David Assarsson
Berndt David Assarsson (14 January 1892 – 31 December 1955) was a Swedish Catholic priest, monsignor, historical author and psalmist who resided in Helsingborg and Stockholm. He made efforts to develop Roman Catholicism in Sweden. He was born in Lund and died in Helsingborg. He was the brother of diplomat Vilhelm Assarsson.

Helsingborg
Helsingborg (/ˈhɛlsɪŋbɔːrɡ/, US also /-bɔːr(jə), -bɔːri, ˌhɛlsɪŋˈbɔːri/; Swedish: [hɛlsɪŋˈbɔrj] ⓘ) is a city and the seat of Helsingborg Municipality, Scania (Skåne), Sweden. It is the second-largest city in Scania (after Malmö) and ninth-largest in Sweden, with a population of 151,404 (2024). Helsingborg is the central urban area of northwestern Scania and Sweden's closest point to Denmark: the Danish city Helsingør is clearly visible about 4 km (2.5 mi) to the west on the other side of the Øresund.

Historic Helsingborg, with its many old buildings, is a scenic coastal city. The buildings are a blend of old-style stone-built churches and a 600-year-old medieval fortress (Kärnan) in the city centre, and more modern commercial buildings. The streets vary from wide avenues to small alley-ways. Kullagatan, the main pedestrian shopping street in the city, was the first pedestrian shopping street in Sweden.
Ponijevo
Ponijevo is a village in the municipality of Žepče, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Historical records show that the village has been inhabited since the Neolithic. The modern Ponijevo is associated to foundation of a catholic parish in the village in the 19th century, and the migrations of Croats from Dalmatia and Herzegovina to this region during this period, as well as the migrations that ensued after the most recent Bosnian war.

Franciscan friary, Kreševo
The Franciscan friary of St. Catharine, or Franciscan monastery of St. Catharine, in Kreševo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, was established between 1521 and 1524. The monastery has been serving its community for centuries, and the Catholic traditions here are very strong.
Guard mounting
Guard mounting, changing the guard, or the changing of the guard, is a formal ceremony in which sentries performing ceremonial guard duties at important institutions are relieved by a new batch of sentries. The ceremonies are often elaborate and precisely choreographed. They originated with peacetime and battlefield military drills introduced to enhance unit cohesion and effectiveness in the late 17th and early 18th centuries.

Exhibition drill
Exhibition drill is a variant of drill that involves complex marching sequences which usually deviate from drill used in the course of ordinary parades. Teams performing exhibition drill are often affiliated with military units, but the scope of exhibition drill is not limited to military drill teams. Exhibition drill is often performed by Armed Forces Precision Drill Teams, the drill teams at service academies and ROTC and JROTC units, and civilian drill teams that perform at parades, drill meets, and half-time shows and other public venues.
Subcutaneous tissue of perineum
The subcutaneous tissue of perineum (or superficial perineal fascia) is a layer of subcutaneous tissue surrounding the region of the perineal body.

The superficial fascia of this region consists of two layers, superficial and deep.

The superficial layer is thick, loose, areolar in texture, and contains in its meshes much adipose tissue, the amount of which varies in different subjects. In front, it is continuous with the dartos tunic of the scrotum; behind, with the subcutaneous areolar tissue surrounding the anus; and, on either side, with the same fascia on the inner sides of the thighs. In the middle line, it is adherent to the skin on the raphe and to the deep layer of the superficial fascia.

The deep layer of superficial fascia (fascia of Colles) is thin, aponeurotic in structure, and of considerable strength, serving to bind down the muscles of the root of the penis.

Perineum
The perineum (pl.: perineums or perinea) in placental mammals is the space between the anus and the genitals. The human perineum is between the anus and scrotum in the male or between the anus and vulva in the female. The perineum is the region of the body between the pubic symphysis (pubic arch) and the coccyx (tail bone), including the perineal body and surrounding structures. The perineal raphe is visible and pronounced to varying degrees.

The perineum is frequently perceived as an erogenous zone, with touch in that area being perceived as both erogenous and aversive by different individuals.
Halton, Leeds
Halton is a district of east Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, situated between Cross Gates to the north, Halton Moor to the west, Colton to the east and Whitkirk to the South. Temple Newsam lies directly south of the estate.

The area falls into the Temple Newsam ward of Leeds City Council and Leeds East parliamentary constituency.

Cross Gates
Cross Gates (often spelled Crossgates) is a suburb in east Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.

The area sits between Seacroft and Swarcliffe to the north, Whitkirk and Colton to the south, Killingbeck to the west and Austhorpe to the south east. Manston and Pendas Fields are also generally regarded as part of Cross Gates. It serves as an important transport hub for the nearby large housing estates of Seacroft, Whinmoor and Gipton.

At the 2011 census, Cross Gates had a population of 7,770, situated in the Cross Gates & Whinmoor ward of Leeds City Council with a population of 22,099.
Les Cordeliers
Les Cordeliers (French pronunciation: [le kɔʁdəlje]) is one of the central quarters  in the 2nd arrondissement of Lyon, France. It is mainly known for the Place des Cordeliers in its centre. Around the square, there are many notable monuments, including the Église Saint-Bonaventure and the Palais de la Bourse.

Église Saint-Bonaventure
The Église Saint-Bonaventure (French pronunciation: [eɡliz sɛ̃ bɔnavɑ̃tyʁ]) is one of the churches of the quarter Presqu'île, located on the Place des Cordeliers, in the 2nd arrondissement of Lyon. This is the only medieval building not demolished after the creation of the rue Impériale (now rue de la République), under the Second Empire by the prefect Claude-Marius Vaïsse.
Westmoreland Eastern
Westmoreland Eastern is a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Representatives of the Jamaican Parliament. It elects one Member of Parliament by the first past the post system of election. The constituency consists of the eastern part of Westmoreland Parish. It is represented by Jamaica Labour Party MP Daniel Lawrence.

In the 1989 general election, the constituency was covered by Westmoreland North Eastern and Westmoreland South Eastern. The two seats were then merged in the 1993 general election.

Constituencies of Jamaica
Jamaica's fourteen parishes are subdivided into sixty-three constituencies. The country follows the Westminster system and elects sixty-three Members of Parliament (MPs) to the Jamaica House of Representatives.
St Eval
St Eval (Cornish: S. Uvel) is a civil parish and hamlet in north Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The hamlet is about four miles (6.5 km) southwest of Padstow. The parish population at the 2011 census was 960.

Much of the village land was acquired by compulsory purchase in 1938 to build an RAF Coastal Command Station, RAF St Eval. Many buildings were demolished leaving only the Norman church, the Vicarage, and Trevisker Farm. These buildings were effectively surrounded by RAF activity, and during World War II were taken over for RAF use, with the church tower used as an observation post and navigation mark.

The parish incorporates the southern part of Porthcothan and the hamlets of Engollan and Treburrick.

Padstow
Padstow (/ˈpædstoʊ/; Cornish: Lannwedhenek) is a town, civil parish and fishing port on the north coast of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The town is situated on the west bank of the River Camel estuary, approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) northwest of Wadebridge, 10 miles (16 km) northwest of Bodmin and 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Newquay. As well as Padstow itself, the parish also includes the village of Trevone and surrounding rural areas. At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 2,669 and the population of the built up area was 2,298.

The geology of the low plateau west of Padstow has resulted in such features as Tregudda Gorge where erosion along the faultline has caused sheer cliffs to form; and Marble Cliffs which has alternating dark grey and light grey strata. The Round Hole is a collapsed sea cave.
Balanced-arm lamp
A balanced-arm lamp, sometimes called a floating arm lamp, is a lamp with an adjustable folding arm which is constructed such that the force due to gravity is always counteracted by springs, regardless of the position of the arms of the lamp. Many lamp brands (such as the Anglepoise, originator of the concept, and Luxo L-1), as well as other devices, use this principle.

Parallelogram
In Euclidean geometry, a parallelogram is a simple (non-self-intersecting) quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides. The opposite or facing sides of a parallelogram are of equal length and the opposite angles of a parallelogram are of equal measure. The congruence of opposite sides and opposite angles is a direct consequence of the Euclidean parallel postulate and neither condition can be proven without appealing to the Euclidean parallel postulate or one of its equivalent formulations.

By comparison, a quadrilateral with at least one pair of parallel sides is a trapezoid in American English or a trapezium in British English.

The three-dimensional counterpart of a parallelogram is a parallelepiped.

The word "parallelogram" comes from the Greek παραλληλό-γραμμον, parallēló-grammon, which means "a shape of parallel lines".