hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Circular chromosome
A circular chromosome is a chromosome in bacteria, archaea, mitochondria, and chloroplasts, in the form of a molecule of circular DNA, unlike the linear chromosome of most eukaryotes.

Most prokaryote chromosomes contain a circular DNA molecule. This has the major advantage of having no free ends (telomeres) to the DNA. By contrast, most eukaryotes have linear DNA requiring elaborate mechanisms to maintain the stability of the telomeres and replicate the DNA. However, a circular chromosome has the disadvantage that after replication, the two progeny circular chromosomes can remain interlinked or tangled, and they must be extricated so that each cell inherits one complete copy of the chromosome during cell division.

Telomere
A telomere (/ˈtɛləmɪər, ˈtiːlə-/;  from Ancient Greek  τέλος (télos) 'end' and  μέρος (méros) 'part') is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences associated with specialized proteins at the ends of linear chromosomes (see Sequences). Telomeres are a widespread genetic feature most commonly found in eukaryotes. In most or even all species possessing them, they protect the terminal regions of chromosomal DNA from progressive degradation and ensure the integrity of linear chromosomes by preventing DNA repair systems from mistaking the very ends of the DNA strand for a double-strand break.
Antonino Rocca
Antonino Biasetton (13 April 1921 – 15 March 1977) was an Italian-Argentine professional wrestler, better known by his ring name Antonino Rocca. He innovated the "high-flying" style of wrestling in the United States, and was best known for his work with Capitol Wrestling Corporation (CWC), later known as the World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWF), both as a singles wrestler and in a tag team with Miguel Pérez.

Rocca proved especially popular with Hispanic and Italian audiences in New York, where he was long based. He was a one-time NWA World Tag Team Champion (with Pérez) and the inaugural NWA/WWWF International Heavyweight Champion. He was posthumously inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame as a member of the class of 1995 and the Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame in 1996.

WWC North American Tag Team Championship
The WWC North American Tag Team Championship, also known as the Puerto Rican version of the NWA North American Tag Team Championship, was a major tag team championship that was used and defended in Capitol Sports Promotions (CSP, later the World Wrestling Council (WWC)). The promotion, still in operation today, is based out of Puerto Rico and was a National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) affiliate until 1988. This title was the third NWA sanctioned championship to use the "NWA North American Tag Team Championship" name and, while its name suggests it was a title defended across the continent, it was actually only used within the Puerto Rico territory.
Rodenstock GmbH
Rodenstock GmbH (German pronunciation: [ˈʁoːdn̩ʃtɔk]) is a German manufacturer of optical lenses and eyewear. The company, which was founded by Thuringian Josef Rodenstock in 1877, is headquartered in Munich.

As of 2023, it has a workforce of approximately 5,000 people, with sales offices and distribution partners in around 85 countries.

Photochromism
Photochromism is the reversible change of color upon exposure to light. It is a transformation of a chemical species (photoswitch) between two forms through the absorption of electromagnetic radiation (photoisomerization), where each form has a different absorption spectrum. This reversible structural or geometric change in photochromic molecules affects their electronic configuration, molecular strain energy, and other properties.
David Dinkins
David Norman Dinkins (July 10, 1927 – November 23, 2020) was an American politician, lawyer, and author who served as the 107th mayor of New York City from 1990 to 1993.

Dinkins was among the more than 20,000 Montford Point Marines, the first African-American U.S. Marines, from 1945 to 1946. He graduated cum laude from Howard University and received his law degree from Brooklyn Law School in 1956. A longtime member of Harlem's Carver Democratic Club, Dinkins began his electoral career by serving in the New York State Assembly in 1966, eventually advancing to Manhattan borough president. He won the 1989 New York City mayoral election, becoming the first African American to hold the office. After losing re-election in 1993, Dinkins joined the faculty of Columbia University while remaining active in municipal politics.

Children's Health Fund
Children's Health Fund (CHF) is a nonprofit organization that provides health care to children and families on mobile medical clinics throughout the United States. CHF was founded in 1987 by singer/songwriter Paul Simon and pediatrician/advocate Irwin Redlener. The organization began with a single mobile medical unit funded by Simon and designed by Redlener's wife, Karen. More than 20 years later, the organization has 23 programs with more than 50 mobile medical units and is the nation's leading provider of mobile-based health care for homeless and low-income children and their families. Karen Redlener remains with CHF, currently serving as the organization's executive director.

CHF programs are committed to the full range of children's health care from health education and preventative care to the diagnosis and management of acute and chronic diseases. CHF programs provide or coordinate care that fosters oral and mental health, as well as specialty or hospital care.
Duosong Township, Qinghai
Duosong Township (Mandarin: 多松乡) is a township in Henan Mongol Autonomous County, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai, China. In 2010, Duosong Township had a total population of 2,319: 1,151 males and 1,168 females: 555 aged under 14, 1,645 aged between 15 and 65 and 119 aged over 65.

Henan Mongol Autonomous County
Henan Mongol Autonomous County is an autonomous county in the south of Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the province of Qinghai, China, bordering Gansu Province to the south and east. Its administrative seat ("capital") is the town of Yêgainnyin (Youganning). Henan has an area of 6,250 km2 (2,410 sq mi) and approximately 30,000 inhabitants (2004). The Mongols or Upper Mongols (Sogwo Arig), the overwhelming majority of the inhabitants of the county, do not speak Mongolian (with relatively few exceptions) and speak primarily Standard Chinese and Tibetan.
Distributed Universal Number Discovery
Distributed Universal Number Discovery (DUNDi) is a VoIP routing protocol that provides directory services for Asterisk systems.
With DUNDi peered nodes share dialplan information with each other. The protocol does not actually carry any calls, but rather provides addressing information.

Peers in a DUNDi cluster query other peers for a telephone number to which a call is requested by a user. The result of the query is a dial string for the Asterisk application Dial.

The protocol was invented by Mark Spencer, the author of Asterisk.

Time to live
Time to live (TTL) or hop limit is a mechanism which limits the lifespan or lifetime of data in a computer or network. TTL may be implemented as a counter or timestamp attached to or embedded in the data. Once the prescribed event count or timespan has elapsed, data is discarded or revalidated. In computer networking, TTL prevents a data packet from circulating indefinitely. In computing applications, TTL is commonly used to improve the performance and manage the caching of data.
Tokhara Yabghus
The Tokhara Yabghus or Yabghus of Tokharistan (simplified Chinese: 吐火罗叶护; traditional Chinese: 吐火羅葉護; pinyin: Tǔhuǒluó Yèhù) were a dynasty of Western Turk rulers with the title "Yabghu"; who ruled from 625 CE in the area of Tokharistan north and south of the Oxus River, with some smaller remnants surviving in the area of Badakhshan until 758 CE. Their legacy extended to the southeast where it came into contact with the Turk Shahis and the Zunbils until the 9th century CE.

Qubodiyon
Qubodiyon, also Qubadiyan, ancient Kobadiyan (Russian: Кабодиён; Tajik: Қубодиён, Qobādiyān) is a town in the Khatlon Region of Tajikistan. It is the capital of Qubodiyon District. The population of the town is 12,200 (January 2020 estimate).

Qubodiyon was possibly founded by the Sasanian king Kavad I (r. 488–496, 498/9–531) during his exile in the Hephthalite Empire, where the town possibly served as his source of revenue. In the early medieval period, it was capital of the district of Kubadhiyan.

Nasir Khusraw, a Persian poet, philosopher, Isma'ili scholar, traveler and one of the greatest writers in Persian literature was born in the village in 1004 CE.

The Oxus Treasure was found near Kobadiyan.

Kabadiyan ambassador to the Chinese court of Emperor Yuan of Liang in his capital Jingzhou in 516–520 CE, with explanatory text. Portraits of Periodical Offering of Liang, 11th century Song copy. The ambassador accompanied the Hephthalites to China.
Galatians 3
Galatians 3 is the third chapter of the Epistle to the Galatians in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It is authored by Paul the Apostle for the churches in Galatia, written between 49–58 AD. This chapter contains Paul's important argument about Abraham's faith and his 'offspring', a designation for "those belong to Jesus Christ".

First Epistle to the Corinthians
The First Epistle to the Corinthians (Ancient Greek: Α΄ ᾽Επιστολὴ πρὸς Κορινθίους) is one of the Pauline epistles, part of the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The epistle is attributed to Paul the Apostle and a co-author, Sosthenes, and is addressed to the Christian church in Corinth. Scholars believe that Sosthenes was the amanuensis who wrote down the text of the letter at Paul's direction. It addresses various issues which had arisen in the Christian community at Corinth and is composed in a form of Koine Greek. Despite the name, it is not believed to be the first such letter written to the Corinthian church.
Oscar Nilsson-Julien
Oscar Nilsson-Julien (born 10 January 2002) is a French road and track cyclist and a member of the French Olympic track squad. He started out representing Great Britain as a junior and U23 rider. In 2023, he switched UCI nationality to represent France.

2019 UEC European Track Championships (under-23 & junior)
The 2019 UEC European Track Championships (under-23 & junior) was the 19th continental championships for European under-23 and junior track cyclists, and the 10th since the event was renamed following the reorganisation of European track cycling in 2010. The event took place at the Vlaams Wielercentrum Eddy Merckx in Ghent, Belgium from 9 to 14 July 2019.
Constitution Review Group
The Constitution Review Group was a group established by the Irish government in 1995 to review the Constitution of Ireland and to recommend alterations. The group was chaired by T. K. Whitaker and had fifteen members selected from different backgrounds, though lawyers predominated.

The terms of reference for the Group were:

...to review the Constitution, and in the light of this review, to establish those areas where constitutional change may be desirable or necessary, with a view to assisting the All-Party Oireachtas Committee on the Constitution, to be established by the Oireachtas, in its work.

The Group was excused by its terms of reference from considering Articles 2 and 3 of the Constitution of Ireland and matters relating to cabinet confidentiality.

The Report of the Constitution Review Group was published in July 1996 and ran to 700 pages. This is said to be the most thorough analysis of the Constitution of Ireland ever made.

Articles 2 and 3 of the Constitution of Ireland
Article 2 and Article 3 of the Constitution of Ireland (Irish: Bunreacht na hÉireann) were adopted with the Constitution of Ireland as a whole on 29 December 1937, but revised completely by means of the Nineteenth Amendment which became effective 2 December 1999. As amended, they grant the right to be "part of the Irish Nation" to all those people born on the island of Ireland; the articles also express a desire for the peaceful political unification of the island subject to the consent of the people of Northern Ireland and Republic of Ireland. Before 1999, Articles 2 and 3 made the claim that the whole island formed one "national territory".
Statute Law Revision Act 1875
The Statute Law Revision Act 1875 (38 & 39 Vict. c. 66) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that repealed for the United Kingdom enactments from 1725 to 1868 which had ceased to be in force or had become necessary. The act was intended, in particular, to facilitate the preparation of the revised edition of the statutes, then in progress.

Section 2 of, and schedule 2 to, the Statute Law Revision Act 1878 (41 & 42 Vict. c. 79) revived several acts repealed by the act, including:

Lunacy Act 1845 (8 & 9 Vict. c. 100)

Lunatic Asylums (Ireland) Act 1846 (9 & 10 Vict. c. 115)

Incumbered Estates (Ireland) Act 1852 (16 & 17 Vict. c. 67)

Section 3 of the Statute Law Revision Act 1878 (41 & 42 Vict. c. 79) replaced the text "The Schedule" in the partial repeal of the Industrial Schools Act 1866 (29 & 30 Vict.) with "The First Schedule".

Reading (legislature)
A reading of a bill is a stage of debate on the bill held by a general body of a legislature.

In the Westminster system, developed in the United Kingdom, there are generally three readings of a bill as it passes through the stages of becoming, or failing to become, legislation. Some of these readings may be formalities rather than actual debate. Legislative bodies in the United States also have readings.

The procedure dates back to the centuries before literacy was widespread. Since many members of Parliament were illiterate, the Clerk of Parliament would read aloud a bill to inform members of its contents. By the end of the 16th century, it was practice to have the bill read on three occasions before it was passed.
Eschscholzia
Eschscholzia /ɛˈʃɒltsiə/ is a genus of 12 annual or perennial plants in the Papaveraceae (poppy) family. The genus was named after the Baltic German/Imperial Russian botanist Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz (1793–1831). All species are native to Mexico or the southern United States.

Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz
Johann Friedrich Gustav von Eschscholtz (German pronunciation: [ˈjoːhan ˈfʁiːdʁɪç fɔn ˈʔɛʃʃɔlts]; 1 November 1793 – 7 May 1831) was a Baltic German physician, naturalist, and entomologist. He was one of the earliest scientific explorers of the Pacific region, making significant collections of flora and fauna in Alaska, California, and Hawaii.
1937 Ben-Gurion letter
This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict.

The 1937 Ben-Gurion letter is a letter written by David Ben-Gurion, then head of the executive committee of the Jewish Agency, to his son Amos on 5 October 1937. The letter is well known to scholars as it provides insight into Ben-Gurion's reaction to the report of the Peel Commission released on 7 July of the same year.

The letter has also been subject to significant debate by scholars as a result of scribbled-out text that may or may not provide written evidence of an intention to "expel the Arabs" or "not expel the Arabs" depending on one's interpretation of whether such deletion was intended by Ben-Gurion.

The original handwritten letter is currently held in the IDF Archive.

Efraim Karsh
Efraim Karsh (Hebrew: אפרים קארש; born 6 September 1953) is an Israeli and British historian who is the founding director and emeritus professor of Middle East and Mediterranean Studies at King's College London. Since 2013, he has served as professor of political studies at Bar-Ilan University (where he also directs the Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies). He is also a principal research fellow and former director of the Middle East Forum, a Philadelphia-based think tank.  He is a vocal critic of the New Historians, a group of Israeli scholars who have questioned the traditional Israeli narrative of the Arab–Israeli conflict.
Holy Mary mountain
Holy Mary mountain, (Russian: Гора Святой Марии), is a landmark,   in the neighborhood of Rostov Veliky, an object of cultural heritage of the Russian Federation, a collection of natural and cultural monuments. It is located near the village of Filimonovo in the Petrovskoye settlement of the Rostovsky District of the Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia. The area is situated on the bank of the Sara river. It includes archaeological sites: a medieval settlement (gorodishche) with a cemetery, a burial mound, and the sites of ancient settlements (selishche).

The archaeological sites are complemented by deciduous forests: oaks, maples, black alder, elms, and ash trees. Biologists have found representatives of flora and fauna listed in the IUCN Red List here.

Rostovsky District
Rostovsky District (Russian: Росто́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,081.82 square kilometers (803.80 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Rostov (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 34,062.
Moca pelomacta
Moca pelomacta is a moth in the family Immidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1922. It is found in Brazil.

The wingspan is about 12 mm. The forewings are pale brownish ochreous sprinkled with dark fuscous and with suffused irregular dark fuscous spots on the costa near the base and at one-fourth and the middle, and on the base of the dorsum. There are less defined smaller spots in the disc at one-fourth and the middle and there is a transverse dark fuscous mark on the end of the cell, and a blotch beneath the middle of the disc confluent with its lower extremity. There are also two very irregular interrupted posterior dark fuscous shades and a dark fuscous marginal line around the apex and termen. The hindwings are dark fuscous.

Immidae
Immoidea is a superfamily of pantropical moths containing only the family Immidae comprising ten genera with around 250 species, over half of them in the genus Imma. Many are brightly coloured and diurnal. The position of this group is currently uncertain within the group Obtectomera . The larvae feed on the leaves of dicotyledons and conifers including Podocarpus (Dugdale et al. 1999).
J1 League
The J1 League (Japanese: J1リーグ, Hepburn: Jē-wan Rīgu), a.k.a. the J.League or the Meiji Yasuda J1 League (Japanese: 明治安田J1リーグ, Hepburn: Meiji Yasuda Jē-wan Rīgu) for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league in Japan and the highest level of the Japanese football league system.

Contested by 20 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the J2 League. Both the J1 and J2 leagues are operated by the Japan Professional Football League (日本プロサッカーリーグ, Nihon Puro Sakkā Rīgu).

Founded in 1992, it is one of the most successful leagues in Asian professional club football history. It was known as the J.League from 1993 to 1998 before becoming a two-division league, and as J.League Division 1 from 1999 to 2014. The current champions are Kashima Antlers, who won a record-extending ninth J.League title and a record-breaking ninth top flight title in the 2025 season.

J.League promotion/relegation series
In 2004, J. League introduced a series of two test matches called League Promotion/relegation Series (入れ替え戦, irekae sen) (J1/J2 play-offs) between the sixteenth-place J. Division 1 (J1) club and third-place J.league Division 2 (J2) club. The winner of this game receives the third and final ticket to J1 in the following season, with the first two going to the first- and second-place J2 teams at the end of the season.
Taupō District Council
Taupō District Council  is a territorial authority that administers the Taupō District in the Central North Island of New Zealand. The district stretches from the small town of Mangakino in the northwest to the Tongariro National Park in the south, and east into the Kaingaroa Forest, covering 6,970 km2 (including Lake Taupō). It had a population of 42,700 as of June 2025.

Territorial authorities of New Zealand
The territorial authorities of New Zealand are the country's municipal local government entities, existing alongside the country's regional councils. There are 67 such authorities, including 12 city councils, 53 district councils and 2 sui generis councils (Auckland Council and Chatham Islands Council). Five territorial authorities also have the powers of regional councils, and these are called unitary authorities.

Territorial authorities are not subservient to regional councils, and several of them have jurisdictions overlapping multiple regional council areas. Territorial authorities are responsible for the administration of local matters and resources. These include roads, building consents, water supply and sanitation, amongst other responsibilities. They are not responsible for broader regional environmental management or public transport, as those are the responsibilities of the regional councils.
1853 New Zealand provincial elections
The 1853 New Zealand provincial elections were the first elections in New Zealand to elect members and superintendents to the newly created Provinces of New Zealand. The elections were held between July and September 1853, at the same time as the 1853 New Zealand general elections for the central government, which were held between July and October. The provincial elections had higher voter turnouts than the general elections, with the elections for provincial superintendents (where they were contested) having the highest voter turnout.

Taranaki Province
The Taranaki Province was a province of New Zealand from 1853 until the abolition of provincial government in 1876. Initially known as New Plymouth Province, the province was renamed on 1 January 1859 as the Taranaki Province.
Nasal hair
Nasal hair or nose hair is the hair in the nostril. Adult human noses have hairs, which serve as a crude air filter to stop foreign particles from entering the nasal cavity, as well as to help collect moisture. Nasal hair is different from the cilia of the ciliated lining of the nasal cavity. These cilia are microtubule-based structures that are found in the respiratory tract, involved in the mucociliary clearance mechanism.

Hair
Hair is a protein filament that grows from follicles found in the dermis. Hair is one of the defining characteristics of mammals.
The human body, apart from areas of glabrous skin, is covered in follicles which produce thick terminal and fine vellus hair. Most common interest in hair is focused on hair growth, hair types, and hair care, but hair is also an important biomaterial primarily composed of protein, notably alpha-keratin.

Attitudes towards different forms of hair, such as hairstyles and hair removal, vary widely across different cultures and historical periods, but it is often used to indicate a person's personal beliefs or social position, such as their age, gender, or religion.