hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hispanics and Latinos in Maryland
Hispanic and Latino Marylanders are residents of the state of Maryland who are of Hispanic or Latino ancestry. As of the year 2019, Hispanics and Latinos of any race were 10.4% of the state's population.  The largest concentration of Hispanics/Latinos is in the National Capital Area, where Hispanics and Latinos constitute 16.04% of the total population (17.02% of Montgomery County and 14.94% of Prince George's County). Some Maryland communities such as Langley Park, Riverdale Park, East Riverdale, Templeville, and Marydel have Hispanic and Latino-majority populations. Other communities such as Wheaton, Glenmont, and Aspen Hill have a Hispanic/Latino plurality population.

Templeville, Maryland
Templeville is a town in Caroline and Queen Anne's counties, Maryland, United States. Templeville is located near the Maryland-Delaware line. As of the 2020 census, Templeville had a population of 113. It was known as Bullock Town until the name was changed in 1847. The name Templeville derives from the Temple family, whose most famous member was Governor William Temple of Delaware.
Rohilkhand
Rohilkhand (Hindi pronunciation: [ɾoːɦɪlkʰəɳɖ]) is a region in the northwestern part of Uttar Pradesh, India, that is centered on the Bareilly and Moradabad divisions. It is part of the upper Ganges Plain, and is named after the Rohilla, a community of Pashtun heritage. The region was called Madhyadesh and Panchala in the Sanskrit epics Mahabharata and Ramayana. During the colonial era in India, the region was governed by the Royal House of Rampur.

Shahjahanpur
Shahjahanpur (/ˈʃɑːdʒəˌhɑːnpʊr/) is a municipal corporation, town and district headquarters of Shahjahanpur District in Western Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located between Bareilly and Lucknow, the capital of Uttar Pradesh.
Isabel Pfeiffer-Poensgen
Isabel Pfeiffer-Poensgen (born 25 April 1954, in Aachen) is a German politician, lawyer and administrative officer. who served as State Minister of Culture and Science in the governments of Minister-Presidents Armin Laschet and Hendrik Wüst of North Rhine-Westphalia from 2017 to 2022. Since 2023 she is managing director of the Carl Friedrich von Siemens Foundation in Munich.

Hendrik Wüst
Hendrik Josef Wüst (born 19 July 1975) is a German politician serving as Minister-President of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia since 2021. He is a member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). In October 2021, he succeeded Armin Laschet as state chairman of his party. Under Wüst's leadership, his party won the highest vote share in the 2022 North Rhine-Westphalia state election.
Thames County, New Zealand
Thames County was one of the counties of New Zealand on the North Island.

Thames County was formed on 9 January 1877 with 5 ridings, Ohinemuri and Waiotaui with 2 councillors each and Hastings, Parawai, and Kauwaeranga with 1 councillor each. Ohinemuri County was formed from a portion of Thames County in 1885. The County Chambers were on Mary Street, Thames.

Thames Borough, Thames County and Coromandel County joined to form Thames-Coromandel District from 1 October 1975.

Counties of New Zealand
The counties of New Zealand were territorial local authorities that governed the country's rural areas, existing from the abolition of the provinces in 1876 until the major local government reforms of 1989. They existed alongside the country's boroughs, town districts, and other territorial local authorities during that period.
Slimnic
Slimnic (Hungarian: Szelindek) is a commune located in Sibiu County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Albi, Pădureni, Ruși, Slimnic, and Veseud. Slimnic and Ruși villages have fortified churches. Slimnic village also has a medieval citadel.

The commune is situated on the Transylvanian Plateau, at an altitude of 439 m (1,440 ft), on the banks of the river Slimnic. It is located in the central part of the county, 15 km (9.3 mi) north of the county seat, Sibiu. Slimnic is crossed by national road DN14, which starts in Sibiu, goes through Mediaș, and ends in Sighișoara.

At the 2021 census, the commune had a population of 3,459; of those, 88.84% were Romanians and 1.1% Roma.

Mediaș
Mediaș (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈmedi.aʃ] ⓘ; Latin: Media, German: Mediasch, Transylvanian Saxon: Medwesch/Medveš/Medwisch, Hungarian: Medgyes) is a city in Sibiu County, Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. With a recorded history that began in the 13th century, it has nearly 40,000 residents today.
Memory-prediction framework
The memory-prediction framework is a theory of brain function created by Jeff Hawkins and described in his 2004 book On Intelligence. This theory concerns the role of the mammalian neocortex and its associations with the hippocampi and the thalamus in matching sensory inputs to stored memory patterns and how this process leads to predictions of what will happen in the future.

Vernon Benjamin Mountcastle
Vernon Benjamin Mountcastle (July 15, 1918 – January 11, 2015) was an American neurophysiologist and Professor Emeritus of Neuroscience at Johns Hopkins University. He discovered and characterized the columnar organization of the cerebral cortex in the 1950s. This discovery was a turning point in investigations of the cerebral cortex, as nearly all cortical studies of sensory function after Mountcastle's 1957 paper, on the somatosensory cortex, used columnar organization as their basis.
Lyttelton Rail Tunnel
The Lyttelton Rail Tunnel, initially called the Moorhouse Tunnel, links the city of Christchurch with the port of Lyttelton in the Canterbury region of New Zealand's South Island. It is the country's oldest operational rail tunnel, and is on the Lyttelton Line, one of the first railways built by Canterbury Provincial Railways.

On completion in 1867 it became the first tunnel in the world to be taken through the side of an extinct volcano, and at 2.6 km (1.6 mi), the longest in the country. Its opening made the Ferrymead Railway, New Zealand's first public railway line, obsolete.

Lyttelton Line
Lyttelton Line is a name sometimes used to refer to the section of the Main South Line in New Zealand's South Island between Lyttelton and Christchurch, and can also be used to refer to the operations on this section.  As it has always been part of the Main South Line (originally the Canterbury Great Southern Railway), this name has never been officially used to refer to the track itself.

The line between Lyttelton and Christchurch is notable for several reasons, including: incorporating part of the first public railway in New Zealand, between Ferrymead and Christchurch; including in its route the still operational first railway tunnel in New Zealand; and, having been the site of the first electrified suburban service in New Zealand.
Northern Pole
Northern Pole (北极 in Simplified Chinese, běi jí in Pinyin) is a traditional Chinese asterism found in the Purple Forbidden enclosure (紫微垣 in Simplified Chinese, zǐ wēi yuán in Pinyin). It consists of five stars found in the modern constellations of Ursa Minor and Camelopardalis and represents the five stars of the North Pole. During the Qing dynasty, a total of four stars from the constellation Ursa Minor was added to the asterism.

Ziwei enclosure
The Purple Forbidden enclosure (紫微垣 Zǐ wēi yuán) is one of the San Yuan (三垣 Sān yuán) or Three Enclosures. Stars and constellations of this group lie near the north celestial pole and are visible all year from temperate latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere.
The Rose Field
The Rose Field is a fantasy novel by Philip Pullman. It is the third volume in The Book of Dust series and the final book about the character Lyra Silvertongue. The book was published on 23 October 2025 by David Fickling Books in association with Penguin Random House and Alfred A. Knopf. The Rose Field is set directly after The Secret Commonwealth, published in 2019.

Dust (His Dark Materials)
In Philip Pullman's trilogies His Dark Materials and The Book of Dust, Dust or  Rusakov particles are  particles associated with consciousness that are integral to the plot. In the multiverse in which these trilogies are set, Dust is attracted to consciousness, especially after puberty; the Church within the series associates Dust with original sin and seeks its end. Pullman described Dust in an interview as "an analogy of consciousness, and consciousness is this extraordinary property we have as human beings".
Varna Necropolis
The Varna Necropolis (Bulgarian: Варненски некропол), or Varna Cemetery, is a burial site in the western industrial zone of Varna (approximately half a kilometre from Lake Varna and 4 km from the city centre), internationally considered one of the key archaeological sites in world prehistory. The oldest gold treasure and jewelry in the world, dating from 4600 BC to 4200 BC, was discovered at the site. Several prehistoric Bulgarian finds are considered no less old – the golden treasures of Hotnitsa, Durankulak, artifacts from the Kurgan settlement of Yunatsite near Pazardzhik, the golden treasure Sakar, as well as beads and gold jewelry found in the Kurgan settlement of Provadia – Solnitsata (“salt pit”). However, Varna gold is most often called the oldest since this treasure is the largest and most diverse.

Hamangia culture
The Hamangia culture is a Late Neolithic archaeological culture of Dobruja (Romania and Bulgaria) between the Danube and the Black Sea and Muntenia in the south. It is named after the site of Baia-Hamangia, discovered in 1952 along Golovița Lake.
3rd Parliament of South Australia
The 3rd Parliament of South Australia was a meeting of the legislative branch of the South Australian state government, composed of the South Australian Legislative Council and the South Australian House of Assembly.

South Australian Legislative Council
The Legislative Council is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of South Australia, the lower house being the House of Assembly.

Its central purpose is to act as a house of review for legislation passed through the House of Assembly. It sits in Parliament House in the state capital, Adelaide. The upper house has 22 members elected for staggered eight-year terms by proportional representation, with half of the members facing re-election every four years. It is elected in a similar manner to its federal counterpart, the Senate. Casual vacancies—where a member resigns or dies—are filled by a joint sitting of both houses, who then elect a replacement.
Sandasar
Sandesar is a village and union council (an administrative subdivision) of Mansehra District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. It is located in the south of the district and lies to the west of the district capital Mansehra.

Mansehra
Mansehra (Urdu, Hindko:  مانسہرہ) is a city in the Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. It is the 71st most populous city in the country and the 7th most populous in the province, and serves as the headquarter of its namesake tehsil and district.
Esat Bicurri
Esat Bicurri was a Kosovo Albanian singer of popular music. He was executed by Serbian forces during the Kosovo War in 1999. His corpse was found and reburied in 2004.

The Ministry of Culture of Kosovo charted the creation of a National Prize named after Esat Bicurri for excellence in music and popular urban music.

Kosovo Albanians
The Albanians of Kosovo (Albanian: Shqiptarët e Kosovës, pronounced [ʃcipˈtaɾət ɛ kɔˈsɔvəs]), commonly also called Kosovo Albanians, Kosovan Albanians or Kosovar Albanians,  are an ethnic Albanian population native to Kosovo and constitute the country's largest ethnic group. They belong to the Gheg dialectical sub-group of Albanians, because they speak Gheg Albanian. According to the 2024 national census by the ASK, Albanians comprise 91.8% of the population in Kosovo.
Amina
Amina (or Aminah) is the loose transcription of two different Arabic female given names:

ʾĀmina (Arabic: آمنة, also anglicized as Aaminah or Amna) meaning "safe one, protected"

ʾAmīna (Arabic: أمينة, also anglicized as Ameena), the feminine form of Amin, meaning "devoted, honest, straightforward, trusty, worth of belief (believable), loyal, faithful, obedient of Iman".

The name is highly popular in Nigeria owing to Amina of Zazzau, a legendary Hausa warrior queen. Likewise in the neighbouring Cameroon and Niger. Its popularity across Asia and North Africa owes to Amina bint Wahb, the mother of Prophet Muhammad. In French-speaking West Africa, the name is rendered as Aminata and is as well popular.

Amīnah al-Saʿīd
Amīnah al-Saʿīd also known as Amīnah Saʻīd (1914–1995; Arabic: أمينة السعيد) was an Egyptian journalist and women's rights activist. She founded Egypt's first women's magazine and was the first woman magazine editor in the Middle East.
Marcel Communeau
Marcel Communeau (11 September 1885 – 26 June 1971) was a French rugby union player, who represented the France national rugby union team. Communeau was the leading French player prior to World War I, representing his country a record 21 times and captaining the side on 13 occasions.

Communeau was inducted to the World Rugby Hall of Fame in a ceremony at Wembley Stadium during the 2015 Rugby World Cup.

World Rugby Hall of Fame
The World Rugby Hall of Fame (formerly the IRB Hall of Fame) recognises special achievement and contribution to the sport of rugby union. The World Rugby Hall of Fame covers players, coaches, administrators, match officials, institutions and other individuals. The Hall of Fame recognises the history and important contributions to the game, through one or more induction ceremonies that have been held annually except in 2010. The permanent physical home of the Hall of Fame was based at the Rugby Art Gallery, Museum & Library in Rugby, Warwickshire from 2016 until 2021.
Tunnel Bend diversion tunnel, Howqua River
The Tunnel Bend diversion tunnel is located at Tunnel Bend, near Sheepyard Flat, on the Howqua River, approximately 30 km south-east of Mansfield, Victoria, Australia.

The tunnel is approximately 100 metres long.  It was built in 1884 (completed on 29 May 1884), during the Victorian gold rush, as part of the 4 km headrace from the Howqua River to a 63-foot waterwheel at the Howqua United gold treatment works below Sheepyard Flat.

The site is part of the Howqua Hills Historic Area and is registered in the Victorian Heritage Register.

Victorian gold rush
The Victorian gold rush was a period in the history of Victoria, Australia, approximately between 1851 and the late 1860s. It led to a period of extreme prosperity for the Australian colony and an influx of population growth and financial capital for Melbourne, which was dubbed "Marvellous Melbourne" as a result of the procurement of wealth.
Cubbington
Cubbington is a village and civil parish with a population of 3,929, adjoining the north-eastern outskirts of Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, England, approximately 3 miles from the town centre. Welsh Road, running through the village crossroads, was an old sheep drovers' route connecting London and Wales. Since the 1950s when the village expanded there have been two parts to the village: Cubbington proper which was the old village core, and New Cubbington which is to the west, although both are referred to as Cubbington. Topographically the highest point of the village sits about 100 metres (330 ft) above sea level while its lowest is about 60 metres (200 ft). For many years the electorate for Cubbington was represented in government by the MP for Warwick and Leamington but for the 2010 UK Elections it moved to the new Kenilworth & Southam constituency.

Stoneleigh Abbey
Stoneleigh Abbey is an English country house and estate. It is situated in Warwickshire, England, near to the villange of Stoneleigh, Warwickshire and about three miles to the southeast of the city of Coventry. The Abbey is a Grade I listed building and the grounds are Grade II* listed (parks and gardens).
X-Men: Regenesis
X-Men: Regenesis is a comic book branding used by Marvel Comics that ran through the X-Men family of books beginning in October 2011, following the end of the X-Men: Schism miniseries. This realignment of the mutant population is ahead of the 2012 Marvel event Avengers vs. X-Men which begins during Regenesis with the mini series Avengers: X-Sanction and brings back Cable, who was believed dead following the events of X-Men: Second Coming.

Quentin Quire
Quintavius Quirinius "Quentin" Quire, also known as Kid Omega, is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, usually in those featuring the X-Men. Quire first appeared in New X-Men #134 (January 2003). He was created by writer Grant Morrison and artist Frank Quitely.

Quentin Quire is an Omega-level telepathic mutant, with substantial telepathic and telekinetic abilities, often manifesting as pink psionic hard-light constructions such as shotguns and motorcycles. He is initially a student of Xavier Institute, but is disillusioned with the views of the X-Men. He later joins superhero teams such as the West Coast Avengers, X-Force, and X-Men.

A character inspired by Quire and credited as "Kid Omega" appears in the 2006 film X-Men: The Last Stand, portrayed by Ken Leung.
Natalie Achonwa
Natalie Chioma Achonwa (born November 22, 1992) is a Canadian former professional basketball player and four-time Olympian with Canada's national team, and current assistant coach for player development at Michigan. She most recently played for the Minnesota Lynx of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). She played college basketball at Notre Dame. Achonwa was born in Toronto, Ontario, started playing basketball in Guelph, Ontario, and is 6 feet 3 inches (191 cm) tall.

Canada women's national basketball team
The Canada women's national basketball team (French: Équipe du Canada de basketball féminine) represents Canada in international basketball competitions. They are overseen by Canada Basketball, the governing body for basketball in Canada.
Arsinoe (Northwest Cyprus)
Arsinoe (Greek: Ἀρσινόη) was an ancient city in northwestern Cyprus built on top of the older city, Marion (Greek: Μάριον); some ancient writers conflate the two cities.

Ptolemy I Soter destroyed the town of Marion in 312 BCE and removed some inhabitants to Paphos. The city was refounded by Ptolemy II Philadelphus and named after his sister/wife Arsinoe.

According to Strabo there was a grove sacred to Zeus.

Cyprus, from its subjection to the kings of the Ptolemaic dynasty, had more than one city of this name, which was the case with other with several princesses of that dynasty.

The site of Arsinoe is located near modern Polis Chrysochous.

Polis, Cyprus
Polis (or Polis Chrysochous; Greek: Πόλη Χρυσοχούς or Πόλις Χρυσοχούς, Turkish: Poli) is a town and municipality at the north-west end of the island of Cyprus, at the centre of Chrysochous Bay, and on the edge of the Akamas peninsula nature reserve.

Polis is served by the fishing port of Latchi.
Verified Live
Verified Live, also called Verified Live with Matthew Amroliwala, is a news programme that premiered on both the UK feed and international feed of BBC News channel on 22 May 2023 as part of a refresh following the merger of the two news channels. The programme is mainly hosted by Matthew Amroliwala. The programme's main aim is to provide fact-checking of news (including corresponding images and footages) and analysing its factual accuracy based on verified data and facts live on air, while still bringing verified facts and updates especially to breaking news. It works closely with BBC Verify, BBC News's team of investigative journalists who regularly verify news reports and data.

Fact-checking
Fact-checking is the process of verifying the factual accuracy of questioned reporting and statements. Fact-checking can be conducted before or after the text or content is published or otherwise disseminated. Internal fact-checking is such checking done in-house by the publisher to prevent inaccurate content from being published; when the text is analyzed by a third party, the process is called external fact-checking.

Research suggests that fact-checking can indeed correct perceptions among citizens, as well as discourage politicians from spreading false or misleading claims. However, corrections may decay over time or be overwhelmed by cues from elites who promote less accurate claims. Political fact-checking is sometimes criticized as being opinion journalism.
General Motors G platform
The General Motors G platform (also called G-body) designation was used for three different automobile platforms.

1969–1972 GM G platform (RWD)

1982–1988 GM G platform (RWD)

1995–2011 GM G platform (FWD)

General Motors G platform (FWD)
The General Motors G platform (also called G-Body) automobile platform designation was used for front-wheel drive full-sized and luxury cars between 1995 and 2011.

Previously, General Motors used the G-body designation for unrelated mid-sized cars.

The G-body was based on Cadillac's K-body architecture. The platform was introduced in 1995 with Buick Riviera 2-door coupe (which moved up from the GM E platform) and the Oldsmobile Aurora 4-door sedan (a new model that replaced the Riviera-derived Toronado).  By the turn of the millennium, full-sized cars from four different GM makes were using some derivative of the platform.
BOJ (musician)
Bolaji Odojukan (born 22 April 1994), better known by his stage name BOJ, is an English-Nigerian singer, songwriter and record producer. He is one-third of the musical group DRB LasGidi with TeeZee and Fresh L, and is known as a pioneer of alté.

Mr Eazi
Oluwatosin Oluwole Ajibade (listenⓘ; born 19 July 1991), better known by his stage name Mr Eazi, is a Nigerian singer, songwriter, and record executive. He is the pioneer of Banku music, a fusion sound he describes as a mixture of Ghanaian highlife and Nigerian chord progressions and patterns. Mr Eazi relocated to Kumasi in 2008 and enrolled at KNUST, where he began booking artists to perform at college parties. He showed interest in music after recording a guest verse on "My Life", a song that gained traction and became a popular record at KNUST. Mr Eazi released his debut mixtape, About to Blow, in 2013. He gained an international audience following the release of the Efya-assisted single "Skin Tight". His second mixtape, Life Is Eazi, Vol. 1 – Accra to Lagos, was released in 2017.
Gary Lightbody
Gareth John Lightbody OBE (born 15 June 1976) is a musician from Northern Ireland. He is the lead singer and rhythm guitarist of the alternative rock band Snow Patrol. He also founded the musical supergroups the Reindeer Section and Tired Pony.

Jacknife Lee
Garret "Jacknife" Lee is an Irish music producer and mixer. He has worked with a variety of artists, including the Cars, U2, R.E.M., the Killers, Robbie Williams, Snow Patrol, Bloc Party, Two Door Cinema Club, AFI, the Hives, Weezer, One Direction, Silversun Pickups, Editors, Modest Mouse, Lonnie Holley and Taylor Swift.
2024 Otago floods
In early October 2024, the Otago region of New Zealand's South Island experienced heavy rainfall and significant flooding and landslides. The weather event affected coastal areas in Otago including North Otago, Dunedin, and the Clutha District, which received an estimated two-months worth of rainfall between 2 and 4 October. On 3 October, a state of emergency was declared in Dunedin, with residents in some low-lying suburbs being told to evacuate. By 4 October, the Clutha District had also declared a state of emergency. By 6 October, the state of emergency in Dunedin and Clutha had been lifted due to improving weather conditions and floodwaters subsiding.

Ravensbourne, New Zealand
Ravensbourne is a suburb of the New Zealand city of Dunedin. It is located on Otago Harbour on the steep southeastern slopes of Signal Hill. It lies on the harbour's northern shore, 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) east-northeast of the city centre.