hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stanislav Postnikov
Stanislav Postnikov was a Soviet military commander who reached the rank of Army General.

He joined the Soviet Ground Forces in 1948. From August 1979 he was Commander of the North Caucasus Military District. From August 1980 - Commander of the Baltic Military District. From January 1984 - Commander of the Trans-Baikal Military District. Since December, 1986 - First Deputy Commander of the Soviet Ground Forces. From June 1988 he was the Commander of the Western Direction. The Western Direction was disestablished in mid 1992, seemingly after being moved to Smolensk. After six months Postnikov was released from military service.

Reports appear to indicate he died in 2012. Buried 11 May 2012 at Troyekurovskoye Cemetery.

Army General (Soviet rank)
Army general (Russian: генерал армии, romanized: general armii) was a rank of the Soviet Union which was first established in June 1940 as a high rank for Red Army generals, inferior only to the marshal of the Soviet Union. In the following 51 years the Soviet Union created 133 generals of the army, 32 of whom were later promoted to the rank of marshal of the Soviet Union. It is a direct counterpart of the Russian Federation's  "Army general" rank.
Lake Agnes (Colorado)
Lake Agnes is an alpine lake in the Colorado State Forest State Park occurring within the Never Summer Mountain Range.  The lake lies within glacial tarn  surrounded by a cirque consisting of Nokhu Crags, Static Peak, Mount Richthofen, Mount Mahler, and Braddock Peak. It is the deepest lake in the Colorado State Forest State Park. Lake Agnes is named after Agnes Zimmerman, the daughter of John Zimmerman, a homesteader in the area and the proprietor of the Keystone Hotel in Home, Colorado.

State Forest State Park
State Forest State Park is a Colorado State Park located in Jackson and Larimer counties east of Walden, Colorado, United States. The 70,838-acre (286.67 km2) park was established in 1970 in the Medicine Bow Range of the Rocky Mountains. Facilities include a visitors' center, 187 campsites (including RV and tent sites), over 60 dispersed camping sites, 15 cabins and yurts, picnic sites, boat ramps and 94 miles (151 km) of hiking trails.

About 52,000 acres (210 km2) of the park are forested in lodgepole pine, Douglas fir, Colorado blue spruce, aspen and other species. An unprecedented epidemic of Mountain pine beetle is currently reshaping the park's flora landscape. Wildlife in the park includes moose ("Moose is our claim to fame"), bighorn sheep, black bear, mule deer and elk. North Park is considered the moose viewing capital of Colorado, with over 600 moose to be observed year-round.
Nottingham Urban Area
The Nottingham Built-up Area (BUA), Nottingham Urban Area, or Greater Nottingham is an area of land defined by the Office for National Statistics as built-up land
with a minimum area of 20 hectares (200,000 m2), while settlements within 200 metres of each other are linked. It consists of the city of Nottingham and the adjoining urban areas of Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire, in the East Midlands of England. It had a total population of 729,977 at the time of the 2011 census. This was an increase of almost 10% since the 2001 census recorded population of 666,358, due to population increases, reductions and several new sub-divisions.

Borrowash
Borrowash /ˈbɒroʊwɒʃ/ ⓘ is a village in the Erewash district of Derbyshire, England, situated immediately east of the Derby city boundary. The appropriate civil parish is called Ockbrook and Borrowash.
Paras Chandra Jain
Paras Chandra Jain  (born 20 June 1950)  is a former Cabinet Minister of Energy and New & Renewable Energy in Government. He represents  Ujjain North constituency in Madhya Pradesh Assembly, He is a Member of the Legislative Assembly from same constituency since 1990 to 1998 & 2003 to present.

He is a senior leader of Bharatiya Janata Party in central India. From 2005 to 2013, he has been Minister of State in Madhya Pradesh Government for various departments, including Forest Department, School Education Department, Higher Education Department, Food, Civil Supplies & Consumer Protection Department. In December 2013, he was made Cabinet Minister of Department of School Education, and in cabinet reshuffle of 2016 was given responsibility of Energy Ministry.

State legislative assemblies of India
The State Legislative Assembly, also known as the Vidhan Sabha or the Saasana Sabha, is a legislative body in each of the states and certain union territories of India. Members of the legislative assembly are often directly elected to serve five year terms from single-member constituencies. A legislative assembly may be dissolved in a state of emergency, by the governor on request of the chief minister of the respective state or union territory, or if a motion of no confidence is passed against the ruling majority party or coalition.
Tasmania Tomorrow
Tasmania Tomorrow is a Tasmanian-government initiative which aims to improve the post-secondary education experience of Tasmanians. The initiative commenced 1 January 2009, and includes restructuring Senior Secondary Colleges and TAFE Tasmania. It was anticipated that the restructuring would be complete by the start of the 2011 school year.

The institutes created by this initiative are:

The Tasmanian Academy focuses on academic learning, with a curriculum and academic pathway for Year 11 and 12 students seeking university entrance.

The Tasmanian Polytechnic focuses on practical learning, with a vocational pathway, supported by academic courses, for Years 11 and 12 and mature-age students seeking employment outcomes or university articulation.

The Tasmanian Skills Institute focuses on skills development for employees in enterprises, in line with the needs of industry.

TasTAFE
TasTAFE is a Tasmanian tertiary education body of the Australian state-based Technical and Further Education system run by the Tasmanian Government. The main campuses are located at Hobart, Warrane, Claremont, Glenorchy, Launceston, Alanvale, Devonport and Burnie.
Winter storms of 2009–10 in East Asia
The East Asian snowstorms of 2009–2010 were heavy winter storms, including blizzards, ice storms, and other winter events, that affected East Asia from 8 May 2009 to 28 February 2010. The areas affected included Mongolia, China (the P.R.C.), Nepal, the Korean Peninsula, Japan, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk,  Primorsky, and Sakhalin Island.

Amur Oblast
Amur Oblast (/əˈmʊər ˈɒblæst/) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located on the banks of the Amur and Zeya rivers in the Russian Far East. The oblast borders Heilongjiang province of the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the south.

The administrative center of the oblast, the city of Blagoveshchensk, is one of the oldest settlements in the far east of the country, founded in 1856. It is a traditional center of trade and gold mining. The territory is accessed by two railways: the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal–Amur Mainline. As of the 2021 Census, the oblast's population was 766,912.
Adjoint bundle
In mathematics, an adjoint bundle  is a vector bundle naturally associated with any smooth principal bundle. The fibers of the adjoint bundle carry a Lie algebra structure making the adjoint bundle into a (nonassociative) algebra bundle. Adjoint bundles have important applications in the theory of connections as well as in gauge theory.

Vector-valued differential form
In mathematics, a vector-valued differential form on a manifold M is a differential form on M with values in a vector space V. More generally, it is a differential form with values in some vector bundle E over M. Ordinary differential forms can be viewed as R-valued differential forms.

An important case of vector-valued differential forms are Lie algebra-valued forms (a connection form is an example of such a form.)
Avanti (region)
Avanti was an ancient Indian Mahajanapada (Great Janapada), roughly corresponding to the present-day Malwa region. According to the Buddhist texts, the Anguttara Nikaya, Avanti was one of the solasa mahajanapadas (sixteen great realms) of the 6th century BCE. The janapada was divided into two parts by the Vindhyas, the northern part had its capital at Ujjayini and the southern part had its centre at Mahishmati.

The Avantis, the ancient people belonging to this realm, were described as mahavala (very powerful) in the Udyoga Parva (19.24) of the Mahabharata. According to the Vishnu Purana (II.3), the Bhagavata Purana (XII.I.36) and the Brahma Purana (XIX.17), the Avantis were associated with the Malava, the Saurashtras, the Abhiras/Yadavas, the Suras, the Karushas and the Arbudas and were described as dwelling along the Pariyatra (or Paripatra) mountains (a western branch of the Vindhyas).

Karusha kingdom
The Karusha kingdom is one of the Yadava kingdoms of the Mahabharata epic. It is placed to the south of Chedi. Karusha king Dantavakra supported Chedi king Shishupala and was killed by Vasudeva Krishna. Karusha Kingdom is identified as modern Datia district of Madhya Pradesh.
James R. Biard
James Robert Biard (May 20, 1931 – September 23, 2022) was an American electrical engineer and inventor who held 73 U.S. patents. Some of his more significant patents include the first infrared light-emitting diode (LED), the optical isolator, Schottky clamped logic circuits, silicon metal–oxide–semiconductor read-only memory (MOS ROM), a low bulk leakage current avalanche photodetector, and fiber-optic data links. In 1980, Biard became a member of the staff of Texas A&M University as an adjunct professor of electrical engineering. In 1991, he was elected as a member into the National Academy of Engineering for contributions to semiconductor light-emitting diodes and lasers, Schottky-clamped logic, and read-only memories.

Photodiode
A photodiode is a semiconductor diode sensitive to photon radiation, such as visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and gamma rays. It produces an electrical current when it absorbs photons. This can be used for detection and measurement applications, or for the generation of electrical power in solar cells. Photodiodes are used in a wide range of applications throughout the electromagnetic spectrum from visible light photocells to gamma ray spectrometers.
Clontytallon
Clontytallon is a rural townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. The small townland, which is approximately 123 acres (0.2 sq mi) in area, is in the civil parish of Castlelost. It is bordered by the townlands of Fearmore, Whitewell, Castlelost and Derry to the east, Castlelost West to the west and Kilbride to the north. The town of Rochfortbridge is to the south, with Tyrrellspass to the south-west.

Clontytallon is recorded on Griffith's Valuation of 1868, with three tenants living in the area at that time.

Kilbride, County Westmeath
Kilbride (Irish: Cill Bhríde) is a rural townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. The townland, which is approximately 475.5 acres (2 km2) in area, had a population of 26 people (in 10 occupied houses) as of the 2011 census. Kilbride townland is located within a civil parish of the same name. The town of Dalystown lies to the west, with Rochfortbridge and the townlands of Castlelost and Castlelost West to the south.
Marguerite Island
Marguerite Island is a rocky island 1.3 kilometres (0.7 nmi) northwest of Empereur Island and 3.2 kilometres (1.75 nmi) north-northwest of Cape Margerie, Antarctica. It was charted in 1951 by the French Antarctic Expedition and named by them for Marguerite, a character in Goethe's Faust.

Empereur Island
Empereur Island is a rocky island 1.9 kilometres (1 nmi) north of Cape Margerie, lying immediately north of Breton Island in the entrance to Port Martin. It was photographed from the air by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47. It was charted by the French Antarctic Expedition under Andre-Frank Liotard, 1949–51, and so named because the first emperor penguin captured by the expedition was taken on this island.
Academy of Ikalto
The Academy of Ikalto (Georgian: იყალთოს აკადემია, romanized: iq'altos ak'ademia) was an ecclesiastical academy established between the 11th-13th centuries in Kingdom of Georgia. Ikalto was known as one of the most significant cultural-scholastic centers of medieval Georgia, which is confirmed by the ruins of some civil building preserved at the site of the Ikalto Monastery.

Gelati Monastery
Gelati (Georgian: გელათის მონასტერი [g̊e̞ɫät̪ʰi]) is a medieval monastic complex near Kutaisi in the Imereti region of western Georgia. One of the first monasteries in Georgia, it was founded in 1106 by King David IV of Georgia as a monastic and educational center.

The monastery is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and was a cultural, educational and scientific center in medieval Georgia. It is an exemplar of the Georgian Golden Age and a gold aesthetic is employed in the paintings and buildings. It was built to celebrate the Orthodox Christian faith in Georgia; some murals found inside the Gelati Monastery church date back to the 12th century.
Fitjar (village)
Fitjarⓘ is the administrative centre of Fitjar Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located on the northwestern shore of the island of Stord. It sits at the southern end of the Fitjarvika bay, a small arm off the main Selbjørnsfjorden. A large group of small islands lie just off the coast to the west. Fitjar Church is located in this central part of this village. The historic Battle of Fitjar took place in this area in the year 961.

The 1.61-square-kilometre (400-acre) village has a population (2025) of 1,826 and a population density of 1,134 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,940/sq mi).

Selbjørnsfjorden
Selbjørnsfjorden is a fjord in Vestland county, Norway. The 20-kilometre (12 mi) long fjord flows east–west between Austevoll Municipality, Fitjar Municipality, and Bømlo Municipality. It is a wide fjord that starts at the Slåtterøy Lighthouse at the North Sea in the west and flows to the Langenuen strait in the east. The central part of the fjord reaches about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) wide. The fjord is named after the nearby island of Selbjørn.
Susan Ware
Susan Ware (born August 22, 1950) is an American independent scholar, writer and editor who lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Hopkinton, New Hampshire. The author of eight biographies, two edited collections, and co-editor of a textbook, Ware is a specialist on 20th-century women's political and cultural history, and the history of popular feminism.

Nancy F. Cott
Nancy Falik Cott (born November 8, 1945) is an American historian and professor who has taught at Yale and Harvard universities, specializing in gender topics in the United States in the 19th and 20th centuries. She has testified on same-sex marriage in several US states.
Matt Morris (musician)
Matthew David Morris (born Matthew Burton Morris on May 9, 1979) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and former Episcopal priest. He has released solo projects on Tennman/Interscope Records, but is best known for his work as a songwriter and producer for a variety of artists, including Joy Williams, Justin Timberlake, Christina Aguilera, Kelly Clarkson, Reba McEntire, Mary J. Blige, Sarah McLachlan, Kimbra, and Cher.

He achieved early success when he appeared on the Disney Channel television series The All New Mickey Mouse Club (MMC) in the early 1990s, where he was a cast member from 1991 to 1995 (seasons 4–7). Morris' January 2010 performance of Leonard Cohen's "Hallelujah" with Justin Timberlake and Charlie Sexton on the "Hope for Haiti Now" telethon became the most downloaded song from the international broadcast's digital release and went to No. 1 on the iTunes music chart and No. 13 on the Billboard Hot 100.

Joy Williams (singer)
Joy Elizabeth Williams (born November 14, 1982) is an American singer-songwriter. The winner of four Grammy Awards, Williams has released five solo albums and four EPs since her self-titled debut in 2001. She was half of The Civil Wars duo from 2009 until 2014.
Cerritos de Indios
The Cerritos de Indios (Spanish for 'Indian Mounds' or 'Indian Little Hills') are a collection of more than 3000 tumuli or earth mounds found mainly in the eastern region of Uruguay and in the southernmost tip of Brazil.

Of different sizes and shapes, some of them date back 4000-5000 years. The identity of the people group responsible for their construction is not known, as the mounds were built long before the arrival of the first European explorers, and the builders left no written records.

In 2008 they were declared a National Historic Monument by the Uruguayan government.

Archeological investigations have found ancient human remains buried alongside domestic dogs, pots, stone tools, corn seeds, pumpkins and beans, giving for the first time evidence of agricultural practices by the indigenous peoples of the region who were thought to not have discovered agriculture until the arrival of Europeans.

Mound
A mound is a heaped pile of earth, gravel, sand, rocks, or debris. Most commonly, mounds are earthen formations such as hills and mountains, particularly if they appear artificial. A mound may be any rounded area of topographically higher elevation on any surface.   Artificial mounds have been created for a variety of reasons throughout history, including habitation (see Tell and Terp), ceremonial (platform mound), burial (tumulus), and commemorative purposes (e.g. Kościuszko Mound).
Roberts Chapel United Methodist Church
Roberts Chapel is a historic chapel in Nicholasville, Kentucky.

It was built in 1845 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.  During the Civil War, the hospital's proximity to Camp Nelson prompted its use as a military hospital.

Camp Nelson National Monument
Camp Nelson National Monument, formerly the Camp Nelson Civil War Heritage Park, is a 525-acre (2.12 km2) national monument, historical museum and park located in southern Jessamine County, Kentucky, United States, 20 miles (32 km) south of Lexington, Kentucky. The American Civil War era camp was established in 1863 as a depot for the Union Army during the Civil War. It became a recruiting ground for new soldiers from Eastern Tennessee and enslaved people, many of whom had fled their living conditions to be soldiers.

On October 26, 2018, President Donald Trump proclaimed the site as Camp Nelson National Monument, the 418th unit of the National Park Service (NPS) system. The Office of Kentucky Nature Preserves' Kentucky Heritage Land Conservation Fund funded the forested portion overlooking Hickman Creek.

The American Battlefield Trust and its partners joined forces in 2018 to help preserve more than 380 acres of Camp Nelson.
Formula One engines
This article gives an outline of Formula One engines, also called Formula One power units since the hybrid era starting in 2014. Since its inception in 1947, Formula One has used a variety of engine regulations. Formulae limiting engine capacity had been used in Grand Prix racing on a regular basis since after World War I. The engine formulae are divided according to era.

Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains
Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains (HPP) (previously known as Ilmor Engineering and Mercedes-Benz High Performance Engines) is a Formula One engine manufacturer, owned by Mercedes-Benz.

The company supplied Sauber during the 1994 season, McLaren from 1995 to 2014 and from 2021, Force India from 2009 to 2018, Brawn in 2009, the Mercedes factory team since 2010, Atlassian Williams since 2014, Lotus in 2015, Manor Racing in 2016, Racing Point Force India in 2018, Racing Point from 2019 to 2020, Aston Martin from 2021 to 2025, and will supply Alpine from 2026. Their engines have won twelve Formula One Drivers' Championships (7 for the Mercedes factory team, 4 for McLaren, and 1 for Brawn) and twelve Formula One Constructors' Championships (8 for the Mercedes factory team, 3 for McLaren, and 1 for Brawn). Beside those Formula One constructors, the company currently supplies road-legal engines for the Mercedes-AMG One sports car.
Godello
Godello is a white variety of wine grape grown in northwestern Spain, in particular in Galicia. The Gouveio found in northern Portugal is thought to be the same grape variety.

The origins of Godello variety are located in the town of Godella (Valencia) where this variety was first planted back in the 19th century by a local landowner in their plantation of Campo Olivar by the Baron of this township. In the early 1920s the vineyards were transported by a Galician trader who took several samples up to Galicia.

Godello can produce fine white wines, and yields the best results in Valdeorras, where plantations have increased after having previously been in decline. Total Spanish plantations of Godello stood at 1,153 hectares (2,850 acres) in 2008 (up from  880 hectares (2,200 acres) in 2004).

Verdelho
Verdelho is a white wine grape grown throughout Portugal, though most associated with the island of Madeira, and also gives its name to one of the four main types of Madeira wine. At the turn of the 20th century, it was the most widely planted white grape in Madeira.
History of Rennes
Rennes, France, is the administrative capital of the French department of Ille-et-Vilaine. Before the French Revolution, prior to the integration of the Duchy of Brittany into the Kingdom of France, Rennes was the capital of the duchy, with the other historical capitals of Brittany's Ducal period being Nantes and Vannes. It has a long history due to its location at the confluence of two rivers and its proximity to the bordering regions from which arose various challenges to the borders of Brittany.

Parlement of Rennes
The Parlement of Rennes or Parlement of Brittany (Parlement de Bretagne, Breujoù Breizh) was one of the parlements, a court of justice under the French Ancien Régime, with its seat at Rennes. The last building to house the Parlement still stands and now houses the Rennes Court of Appeal, the natural successor of the Parlement.
USS Albatross (MSC-289)
USS Albatross (MSC-289) was the lead ship of the Albatross-class coastal minesweeper acquired by the U.S. Navy for clearing coastal minefields.

The sixth ship to be named Albatross by the navy,  MSC-289 was laid down on 26 February 1959 by Tacoma Boatbuilding Company, Tacoma, Washington, launched on 22 March 1960; sponsored by Mrs. S. A. Peters, and commissioned at the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard on 20 April 1961.

MinDiv
MinDiv was a standard U.S. Navy abbreviation or acronym for "Minesweeper Division."

The Commander of a minesweeper division is known, in official Navy communications, as COMMINDIV (followed by a number), such as COMMINDIV EIGHT.
Maui County Council
The Maui County Council is elected legislative body for the government of Maui County, Hawaii under the Charter of the County of Maui:. Legislative powers are vested with the nine-member Maui County Council, while executive powers are rest with the office of the Mayor of Maui County. The council is headquartered in the county seat of Maui County, Wailuku.

Mayor of Maui County
The Mayor of Maui County is the chief executive officer of the County of Maui in the state of Hawaii. The Mayor has municipal jurisdiction over the islands of Kahoolawe, Lanai, Maui and Molokai. The Mayor of Maui County is the successor of the Royal Governor of Maui of the Kingdom of Hawaii.

The current mayor of Maui County is former State jurist Richard Bissen. Bissen was elected as mayor in 2022, defeating his predecessor Mike Victorino. Prominent former mayors include Linda Lingle, the sixth governor of Hawaii and first woman governor, who was mayor from 1991 to 1999.
Warsangali
The Warsangali (Somali: Warsangeli, Arabic: ورسنجلي), alternatively the Mohamoud Harti, are a major Somali sub clan, part of the larger Harti branch, which belongs to the Darod clan, one of the largest Somali tribe families. In the Somali language, the name Warsangali means "bringer of good news." The Warsangali primarily inhabit the Sanaag.

Ali Garad Jama
Garad Ali Garad Jama was the 19th garad of the Dhulbahante Garadate, from 1966 until 1985, although he was the effective supreme Garad of the Dhulbahante from as early as the 1950s. He is best known for his role as head of the USP party.