hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eberhard Becker
Eberhard Becker (born July 23, 1943, in Stavenhagen) is a German mathematician whose career was spent at the University of Dortmund.  A very active researcher in algebra, he later became rector of the university there.  During his term as rector, it was renamed the Technical University of Dortmund.

Real algebraic geometry
In mathematics, real algebraic geometry is the sub-branch of algebraic geometry studying real algebraic sets, i.e. real-number solutions to algebraic equations with real-number coefficients, and mappings between them (in particular real polynomial mappings).

Semialgebraic geometry is the study of semialgebraic sets, i.e. real-number solutions to algebraic inequalities with-real number coefficients, and mappings between them. The most natural mappings between semialgebraic sets are semialgebraic mappings, i.e., mappings whose graphs are semialgebraic sets.
Format-preserving encryption
In cryptography, format-preserving encryption (FPE),  refers to encrypting in such a way that the output (the ciphertext) is in the same format as the input (the plaintext). The meaning of "format" varies. Typically only finite sets of characters are used; numeric, alphabetic or alphanumeric. For example:

Encrypting a 16-digit credit card number so that the ciphertext is another 16-digit number.

Encrypting an English word so that the ciphertext is another English word.

Encrypting an n-bit number so that the ciphertext is another n-bit number (this is the definition of an n-bit block cipher).

For such finite domains, and for the purposes of the discussion below, the cipher is equivalent to a permutation of N integers {0, ... , N−1} where N is the size of the domain.

Plaintext
In cryptography, plaintext usually means unencrypted information pending input into cryptographic algorithms, usually encryption algorithms. This usually refers to data that is transmitted or stored unencrypted.
Orland Kurtenbach
Orland John Kurtenbach (born September 7, 1936) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player and coach. A centre notable for his defensive skill and as one of the toughest fighters in the game, he played for several National Hockey League (NHL) teams during his twenty professional seasons, principally the Vancouver Canucks, with whom he became the NHL franchise's inaugural captain.

Central Hockey League (1963–1984)
The Central Professional Hockey League was a minor professional ice hockey league that operated in the United States from 1963 to 1984. Named the Central Hockey League for the 1968–69 season and forward, it was owned and operated by the National Hockey League and served as a successor to the Eastern Professional Hockey League, which had folded after the 1962–63 season.  Four of the CHL's initial franchises were, in fact, relocations of the previous year's EPHL teams, while the fifth came from the International Hockey League. Its founding president was Jack Adams, who served in the role until his death in 1968. The CHL's championship trophy was called the Adams Cup in his honor.
2019 German Football League
The 2019 German Football League season is the 41st edition of the top-level American football competition in Germany.

The regular season starts on 27 April and will be finished on 8 September 2019, followed by the play-offs. The season culminated in the German Bowl XLI, which will be held on 12 October 2019 in Frankfurt.

2018 German Football League
The 2018 German Football League season was the 40th edition of the top-level American football competition in Germany.

The regular season started on 21 April and finished on 9 September 2018, followed by the play-offs. The season culminated in the German Bowl XL, which was held on 13 October 2018 in Berlin.
Legal professional privilege in Australia
In Australia, legal professional privilege (also referred to as client legal privilege) is a rule of law protecting communications between legal practitioners and their clients from disclosure under compulsion of court or statute. While the rule of legal professional privilege in Australia largely mirrors that of other Commonwealth  jurisdictions, there are a number of notable qualifications and modifications to the privilege specific to Australia and its states, and contentious issues about the direction of the privilege.

Public interest immunity
Public interest immunity (PII), previously known as Crown privilege, is a principle of English common law under which the English courts can grant a court order allowing one litigant to refrain from disclosing evidence to the other litigants where disclosure would be damaging to the public interest.  This is an exception to the usual rule that all parties in litigation must disclose any evidence that is relevant to the proceedings.  In making a PII order, the court has to balance the public interest in the administration of justice (which demands that relevant material is available to the parties to litigation) and the public interest in maintaining the confidentiality of certain documents whose disclosure would be damaging. PII orders have been used in criminal law against large organised criminal outfits and drug dealers where the identity of paid police informants could be at risk.
Lushi County
Lushi County (simplified Chinese: 卢氏县; traditional Chinese: 盧氏縣; pinyin: Lúshì Xiàn) is a county under the jurisdiction of Sanmenxia City, Henan Province, the People's Republic of China. It is adjacent to Lingbao City in the north, Luoning County and Luanchuan County in the east, Xixia County in Nanyang City in the south, and Luonan County, Danfeng County and Shangnan County in Shaanxi Province in the west and southwest. It covers an area of 4,004 square kilometers and has a population of 317,232 in 2020. The county government is stationed in Chengguan Town. The county was established in 113 BC. It is the county with the largest area, the smallest population density and the highest average altitude in Henan Province, and it is also a provincial forest city in Henan Province.

Xixia County
Xixia County (simplified Chinese: 西峡; traditional Chinese: 西峽; pinyin: Xīxiá; postal: Sisia) is a county in the southwest of Henan province, China, bordering Shaanxi province to the west. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Nanyang, and has an area of 3,452 km2 (1,333 sq mi) and a population of 420,000 as of 2002.
Perry Street Historic District (Helena–West Helena, Arkansas)
The Perry Street Historic District encompasses a fine collection of early-20th century architecture in Helena–West Helena, Arkansas.  It includes fifteen buildings, arrayed on the single city blocks stretching south and west from the junction of Perry and Pecan Streets.  The buildings on these blocks represent a cross-section of private and public architecture spanning 1880–1930, including two churches, the only synagogue in Phillips County (the 1913 Temple Bethel), and the county's oldest public building, the 1879 Helena Library and Museum.  Most of the residences in the district were built between 1900 and the 1920s.  Although most of the residential architecture is Arts and Crafts in style, it includes two fine Queen Anne Victorians: the Moore House at 608 Perry (built 1900) and the William Nicholas Straub House at 531 Perry (also built 1900).

The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1986.

William Nicholas Straub House
The William Nicholas Straub House is a historic house at 531 Perry Street in Helena, Arkansas.  It is a stylistically eclectic 2+1⁄2-story structure, built in 1900 for William Nicholas Straub, a prominent local merchant.  The house's main stylistic elements come from the Colonial Revival and the Shingle style, both of which were popular at the time.  The house has a first floor finished in painted brick, and its upper floors are clad in shingles. The main facade has a single-story porch across its width, supported by three Ionic columns. The entrance, on the left side, has a single door with a large pane of glass, and is topped by a transom window.  On the right side is a two-sided projecting bay section. The house's most prominent exterior feature is a crenellated tower which rises above the entry.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
Wright Brothers Day
Wright Brothers Day (December 17) is a United States national observation. It is codified in the US Code, and commemorates the first successful flights in a heavier-than-air, mechanically propelled airplane, the Wright Flyer, that were made by Orville and Wilbur Wright on December 17, 1903, near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. On September 21, 1959, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower declared December 17 to be Wright Brothers Day pursuant to Public Law 86–304. Following a similar joint resolution enacted in 1961, the U.S. Congress made the designation permanent in 1963.

Wright Brothers Day was announced as an official commemorative day in Ohio, on October 5, 2011. Wright Brothers Day is celebrated every December 17 at the Wright Brothers National Memorial in Kill Devil Hills, N.C.

Wright Brothers National Memorial
Wright Brothers National Memorial (originally the Kill Devil Hill Monument), located in Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina, commemorates Wright Flyer; the first successful, sustained, powered flights in a heavier-than-air machine. From 1900 to 1903, Wilbur and Orville Wright came to North Carolina from Dayton, Ohio, based on information from the U.S. Weather Bureau about the area's steady winds. They also valued the privacy provided by this location, which in the early twentieth century was remote from major population centers.
Julie McCluskie
Julie Lynn McCluskie (born January 12, 1964) is an American politician who is the 62nd Speaker of the Colorado House of Representatives since 2023. A Democrat, she represents the 13th district, which includes the counties of Chaffee, Grand, Jackson, Lake, Park and Summit, including the communities of Salida, Breckenridge, Silverthorne, Frisco and Buena Vista. Prior to 2023, she represented the 61st district, which included the counties of Lake, Pitkin, Delta, Summit, and Gunnison.

Summit County, Colorado
Summit County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 31,055, and was estimated to be 30,882 in 2024. The county seat of Breckenridge. Summit County comprises the Breckenridge, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Robin Chatterjee
Robin Chatterjee was an Indian music director and sound recordist who scored music for about ninety films. Starting from the 1942 film Parineeta, he has composed music for evergreen soundtracks such as Godhuli, Bipasha, Sagarika, Kamallata, Dwiper Nam Tiya Rang, etc.

Sandhya Mukherjee
Geetashree Sandhya Mukherjee (also spelled Mukhopadhyay; 4 October 1931 – 15 February 2022) was an Indian playback singer and musician, specialising in Bengali music. She received Banga Bibhushan, the highest civilian honour of the Indian state of West Bengal in 2011. She also won the National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer for her songs in the films Jay Jayanti and Nishi Padma in the year 1970.
John MacLoughlin
John MacLoughlin (8 September 1871 – 11 September 1943) was an Irish politician. Born in Buncrana, County Donegal to a nationalist, middle-class business family, MacLoughlin was educated at St Columb's College, Derry and University College Dublin. His business interests included media publishing.

He was a  member of the Free State Seanad Éireann from 1922 to 1936. He was first elected at the 1922 Seanad election as an independent candidate. He joined Cumann na nGaedheal in 1931. He was elected to the 2nd Seanad in 1938 on the Industrial and Commercial Panel as a Fine Gael member. He was re-elected to the 3rd Seanad and served until he lost his seat at the 1943 Seanad election.

2nd Seanad
The 2nd Seanad was in office in 1938. An election to Seanad Éireann, the Senate of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament), took place in March 1938, following the coming into operation of the Constitution of Ireland in December 1937. The senators served until the close of poll for the 3rd Seanad, in July 1938.
Bockleton
Bockleton is a small village and civil parish (with a shared parish council with neighbouring Stoke Bliss and Kyre) in the Malvern Hills district of Worcestershire, England, five miles (8 km) south of Tenbury Wells. According to the 2021 census it had a population of 198. It is close to the Herefordshire border and is about nine miles (14 km) east of Leominster in Herefordshire.

Tenbury Wells
Tenbury Wells (locally Tenbury) is a small market town and civil parish in the north-western extremity of the Malvern Hills District of Worcestershire, England. Situated 6 miles southeast of Ludlow, its northern border adjoins Shropshire and, at the 2021 census jointly with Burford, it had a population of 5,224.

The town has become subject in the 2020s to almost annual very severe flooding.
Hawkcombe Woods
Hawkcombe Woods is a national nature reserve near Porlock on Exmoor, Somerset, England.

The 101 hectares (250 acres) woodlands are notable for their lichens, heath fritillary butterfly, red wood ant colonies, dead wood invertebrates and ancient pollards.

They are part of the North Exmoor Site of Special Scientific Interest.

Porlock
Porlock is a coastal village in Somerset, England, 5 miles (8 km) west of Minehead. At the 2011 census, the village had a population of 1,440.

In 2017, Porlock had the highest percentage of elderly population in England, with over 40% being of pensionable age as of 2010.
Pseudogastromyzon
Pseudogastromyzon is a genus of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Gastromyzontidae, commonly called the hillstream loaches, although this also refers to the loaches in the family Balitoridae. The loaches in this genus are found in fast-flowing streams and rivers in China.

Loach
Loaches are ray-finned fishes of the suborder Cobitoidei. They are freshwater, benthic (bottom-dwelling) fish found in rivers and creeks throughout Eurasia and northern Africa. Loaches are among the most diverse groups of fish; the 1249 known species of Cobitoidei make up about 107 genera divided among 9 families.
Gmina Czerwonak
Gmina Czerwonak is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Czerwonak, which lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-east of the regional capital Poznań.

The gmina covers an area of 91.48 square kilometres (35.3 sq mi), and as of 2023 its total population is 23,692. It includes Koziegłowy, which is Poland's second most populous village with 10,755 inhabitants (2006). Czerwonak itself has a population of 5,432. The gmina also contains the south-western part of the protected forest area Puszcza Zielonka Landscape Park, including the hill of Dziewicza Góra, which is the Park's highest point and has an observation tower (seasonally open to the public).

Dziewicza Góra (Greater Poland Voivodeship)
Dziewicza Góra is a hill close to Czerwonak, a few kilometres north-east of the city of Poznań in western Poland. It lies at the south-western extreme of Puszcza Zielonka Landscape Park, and is the Park's highest point, at 143 metres (469 ft) above sea level.

Its name (originally Dziewcza Góra) literally means Virgin Hill. It derives from the Cistercian nuns who were granted the hill in 1242.

An observation tower, with a height of 40 metres (130 ft), was built at the summit of the hill in 2005. This is used for forest fire observation, and is also open to the public at certain times, offering wide views of the surrounding countryside and the city of Poznań.

52°28′48″N 17°00′41″E﻿ / ﻿52.480062°N 17.011342°E﻿ / 52.480062; 17.011342
Sheriff of Nottingham (position)
The Sheriff of Nottingham was historically the office responsible for enforcing law and order in Nottingham and bringing criminals to justice. For years the post has been directly appointed by the Lord Mayor of Nottingham and in modern times, with the existence of the police force, the position is entirely ceremonial and sustained to boost tourism due to the legendary connection with the fictional Sheriff of Nottingham in the tales of Robin Hood. However, the historical position goes back to Anglo-Saxon times. The office is sometimes confused with that of the High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire (that office had previously existed, from 1068 until 1568, as Sheriff of Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and the Royal Forests).

Sheriff of Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and the Royal Forests
The Sheriff of Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and the Royal Forests is a position established by the Normans in England.

The sheriff is the oldest secular office under the Crown.  Formerly the  sheriff was the principal law enforcement officer in the county but over the centuries most of the responsibilities associated with the post have been transferred elsewhere or are now defunct, so that its functions are now largely ceremonial.

From 1068 until 1566 the position existed as Sheriff of Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and the Royal Forests but after 1566 separate appointments were made as Sheriff of Derbyshire and Sheriff of Nottinghamshire.
2021 Herning municipal election
Since the 2007 municipal reform, Venstre had always had an absolute majority of seats in Herning Municipality. On November 30, 2020, Lars Krarup, mayor at the time, announced his resignation, and cited that he did it to make room for Dorte West. 
Despite losing 2 seats, Venstre would once again win an absolute majority of seats, and it was later announced that Dorte West would continue as mayor, which she had been since Lars Krarup stepped down.

Venstre (Denmark)
Venstre (Danish: [ˈvenstʁɐ], lit. 'Left', V), full name Venstre, Danmarks Liberale Parti (English: Left, Denmark's Liberal Party), is a conservative-liberal, agrarian political party in Denmark. Founded as part of a peasants' movement against the landed aristocracy, today it espouses an economically liberal, pro-free-market ideology.

Venstre is the major party of the centre-right in Denmark, and the second-largest party in the country. The party has produced many Prime Ministers. In the 2022 general elections, Venstre received 13.3% of the vote and 23 out of 179 seats. Following the resignation of Jakob Ellemann-Jensen, the party is led by Troels Lund Poulsen who serves as the country's Deputy Prime Minister. Since December 2022, the party has been a junior partner in the second Frederiksen government.

The party is a member of Liberal International and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) and has four MEPs in the European Parliament.
Rokugō rebellion
The Rokugō rebellion was a last stand of over 1,000 rōnin in 1603, who had been samurai in service of Onodera Yoshimichi until his defeat and exile by the Tokugawa shogunate's followers in 1601. Refusing to submit to the new ruler of Yoshimichi's former lands, Satake Yoshinobu, the rōnin launched an unsuccessful rebellion at Rokugō in "a final suicidal gesture" for their old master Yoshimichi, to whom they remained loyal.

Stephen Turnbull (historian)
Stephen Richard Turnbull (born 6 February 1948) is a British historian concentrating on Japanese military history, especially the samurai period, and has published numerous books. He has worked as a historical consultant for the film 47 Ronin, as well multiple television documentaries, and the Shogun: Total War series of video games.
Tysiatskii
A tysiatskii, alternatively transliterated as tysyatsky (Russian: тысяцкий, IPA: [ˈtɨsʲɪt͡skʲɪj], lit. 'thousandman', pl. тысяцкие, tysiatskie, tysyatskiye) and sometimes translated as dux or herzog, was a military leader in Kievan Rus' and later Russian city-states who commanded a people's volunteer army called a tysyacha (Russian: тысяча, lit. 'thousand'). In the Novgorod Republic, the tysiatskii evolved into a judicial or commercial official and was elected by the boyars at a veche meeting for a period of one year. In cities with no veche, the tysiatskie were appointed by the prince from among the noble boyars and could hand down their post to their sons.

Administrative divisions of the Novgorod Republic
The administrative division of Novgorod Republic is not definitely known; the country was divided into several tysyachas (lit. thousands) and volosts. The city of Novgorod with its vicinity, as well as a few other towns, were not part of any of those. Pskov achieved an autonomy from Novgorod in the 13th century; its independence was confirmed by the Treaty of Bolotovo in 1348.

After the fall of the republic, Novgorod Land, as part of Muscovy, consisted of 5 pyatinas (literally "fifths") that were further divided into uyezds and pogosts. This division was replaced only in the beginning of 18th century when Peter I introduced guberniyas.
Ding Mausoleum
The Ming Dingling (Chinese: 明定陵; pinyin: Míng Dìng Líng) is a mausoleum in China where the Wanli Emperor, together with his two empresses Wang Xijie and Dowager Xiaojing, were buried. Dingling is one of the thirteen imperial tombs at Ming tombs in Changping district 45 km north of central Beijing. The Dingling is the only tomb of a Ming dynasty emperor that has been excavated since the founding of the People's Republic of China, a situation that is almost a direct result of the fate that befell Dingling and its contents after the excavation.

Changping, Beijing
Changping District (Chinese: 昌平区; pinyin: Chāngpíng Qū), formerly Changping County (昌平县), is a district situated in the suburbs of north and northwest Beijing. Changping has a population of 2,269,487 as of November 2020, making it the most populous suburban district of Beijing.
Equity Group
Equity Group Holdings Limited (EGHL), formerly Equity Bank Group, is a financial services holding company based in the African Great Lakes region. EGHL's headquarters are in Nairobi, Kenya, with subsidiaries in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, South Sudan, Rwanda, Democratic Republic of the Congo and a representative office in Ethiopia.

Kenyan shilling
The Kenyan shilling (Swahili: shilingi; abbreviation: KSh; ISO code: KES) is the currency of Kenya. It is divided into 100 cents. The Central Bank of Kenya Act cap 491, mandated the printing and minting of the Kenyan currency.
Hatakeyama Memorial Museum of Fine Art
The Hatakeyama Memorial Museum of Fine Art (畠山記念館, Hatakeyama Kinenkan) is a private museum established in October 1964 in Tokyo, Japan.

In October 2024, the museum was renamed the Ebara Hatakeyama Museum of Art.  The museum reopened on 5 October 2024 after having closed for renovations.

Important Cultural Property (Japan)
An Important Cultural Property (重要文化財, jūyō bunkazai) is an item officially classified as Tangible Cultural Property by the Japanese government's Agency for Cultural Affairs (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) and judged to be of particular importance to the history, arts, and culture of the Japanese people.