hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Milliy Firqa
Milliy Firqa (Crimean Tatar: ملی فرقا, romanized: Milliy Fırqa, cyrillized: Милли фирка, pronounced [mɪlˈlij fɯɾˈqɑ]; lit. 'National Party') was a Muslim political group in Crimea, which transferred en masse to the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War. Noman Çelebicihan, Asan Sabri Ayvazov, and Cafer Seydamet Qırımer established the group in 1917. At the time, they eventually seized control of the state in an attempt to foster a Crimean Tatar identity. Soviet authorities banned the party in 1921.

Crimean Tatar alphabet
Crimean Tatar is written in both the Latin and Cyrillic scripts. Before 1928, the Perso-Arabic script was the main orthography.

Before the official introduction of the Common Turkic-based Latin alphabet by the Verkhovna Rada of Crimea in the 1990s, the Cyrillic alphabet was the main orthography. After the 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea, the Russian government required solely the use of the Cyrillic script. In 2021, the Ukrainian government began the transition to the Latin script.

The Tatars of Romania use a different orthography. The letters Á, Ç, Ğ, Í, Î, Ñ, Ó, Ş, and Ú were added in the Dobrujan Tatar orthography in 1956.
Nibbiano
Nibbiano is a former comune (municipality) in the Province of Piacenza in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna. On 1 January, it was merged with Caminata and Pecorara into the new comune of Alta Val Tidone.

Nibbiano was founded as a castle, whose first known mention is in 1029 document. The nearby castle of Trebecco is mentioned for the first time in 971.

Caminata
Caminata is a town and former comune (municipality) in the Province of Piacenza in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 170 kilometres (110 mi) northwest of Bologna and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of Piacenza. It is now part of the comune of Alta Val Tidone.
Tom Ransley
Thomas Matthew Ransley MBE (born 6 September 1985) is a retired British rower. At the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro he was part of the British crew that won the gold medal in the eight, was twice a World Champion and in 2015 was the European Champion in the men's coxless four.

2014 World Rowing Championships
The 2014 World Rowing Championships were the 44th edition of the World Rowing Championships and were held from 24 to 31 August 2014 at Bosbaan, Amsterdam in the Netherlands, the second occasion on which the event had been held in Amsterdam, or the Netherlands.

The annual week-long rowing regatta is organised by FISA (the International Rowing Federation and in non-Olympic Games years such as 2014 he regatta is the highlight of the international rowing calendar, where all classes of boats compete.

The 2014 championships were notable for the number of world best times set on days seven & eight of competition. New Zealand rowers Eric Murray and Hamish Bond achieved a rare double in the coxed and coxless pairs.
Calo tester
The Calo tester, also known as a ball crater or coating thickness tester, is a simple and inexpensive piece of equipment used to measure the thickness of coatings. Coatings with thicknesses typically between 0.1 and 50 micrometres, such as physical vapor deposition (PVD) coatings or chemical vapor deposition (CVD) coatings, are used in many industries to improve the surface properties of tools and components. The Calo tester is also used to measure the amount of coating wear after a wear test carried out using a pin-on-disc tester.

The Calo tester consists of a holder for the surface to be tested and a steel sphere of known diameter that is rotated against the surface by a rotating shaft connected to a motor whilst diamond paste is applied to the contact area. The sphere is rotated for a short period of time (less than 20 seconds for a 0.1 to 5 micrometre thickness) but due to the abrasive nature of the diamond paste this is sufficient time to wear a crater through thin coatings.

Tribometer
A tribometer is an instrument that measures tribological quantities, such as coefficient of friction, friction force, and wear volume, between two surfaces in contact. It was invented by the 18th century Dutch scientist Musschenbroek

Tribotester is the general name given to a machine or device used to perform tests and simulations of wear, friction and lubrication, which are the subject of the study of tribology. Often tribotesters are very specific in their function, fabricated by manufacturers to test and analyze the long-term performance of their products. An example is orthopedic implant manufacturers, who develop tribotesters to accurately reproduce the motions and forces that occur in human hip joints for accelerated wear tests.
1983 New Year Honours
The New Year Honours 1983 were appointments by most of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries, and honorary ones to citizens of other countries. They were announced on 31 December 1982 to celebrate the year passed and mark the beginning of 1983 in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and Cook Islands, the Bahamas, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, St. Lucia, St. Vincent & Grenadines, and Antigua & Barbuda.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Transport and General Workers' Union
The Transport and General Workers' Union (TGWU or T&G) was one of the largest general trade unions in the United Kingdom and Ireland—where it was known as the Amalgamated Transport and General Workers' Union (ATGWU)—with 900,000 members (and was once the largest trade union in the world).

The TGWU was officially founded on 1 January 1922 with the amalgamation of 14 individual trades unions. Ernest Bevin served as the union's first and longest serving General Secretary.

In 2007, the union voted to merge with Amicus to form Unite the Union.
2000–01 Iraqi Elite League
The 2000–01 Iraqi Elite League was the 27th season of the competition since its foundation in 1974. The name of the league was changed from Iraqi First Division League to Iraqi Elite League. Instead of relegating teams from the 1999–2000 season and promoting teams from the lower division in order to decide which teams were playing in the competition, the Iraq Football Association decided that every eligible team in the country should play qualifying games in order to decide who participated.

The qualifying rounds saw a total of 135 teams being split into regional groups, all competing for the 16 places in the league. After all the qualifiers were over in December, the league competition itself was held with each team playing 30 matches. In the end, Al-Zawraa won their third league title in a row, finishing eight points clear at the top.

1999–2000 Iraqi First Division League
The 1999–2000 Iraqi First Division League was the 26th season of the top-tier Iraqi national football league since its foundation in 1974. The name of the league was changed from Iraqi Premier League to Iraqi First Division League, and the season kicked off on 1 October 1999. The league title was won by Al-Zawraa for the second season in a row and the ninth time in their history.

They also won the Iraq FA Cup, the Umm al-Ma'arik Championship and the Iraqi Perseverance Cup in this season, completing only the second domestic quadruple in Iraqi football history after Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya achieved it in the 1996–97 season.
Valença railway station
Valença railway station is the main railway station of Valença in the Norte Region, Portugal. It mainly serves regional and long-distance traffic towards Porto and northern Portugal, as well as connecting local services across the border to Galicia, Spain.

Valença, Portugal
Valença (Portuguese pronunciation: [vɐˈlẽsɐ] ⓘ), also known as Valença do Minho (Traditional Spanish: Valencia de Miño), is a municipality and a town in Portugal, bordered across from Tui, Galicia. The population in 2011 was 14,127, in an area of 117.13 km2.

Valença officially became a city on 12 June 2009. The municipality is located in Viana do Castelo District. The present Mayor is Jorge Mendes, elected by the Social Democratic Party (PSD). The municipal holiday is 18 February.
Mike Hasenfratz
Michael Edgar Hasenfratz (June 19, 1966 – November 24, 2024) was a Canadian ice hockey referee. He worked in the National Hockey League (NHL) from the 2000–01 season until his retirement following the 2014–15 season, officiating 705 regular season games. He wore uniform number 30 until the 2011–12 season, wearing number 2 for the remainder of his career. He previously worked 18 years in the Western Hockey League (WHL), refereed at two Memorial Cups, and was a linesman at the 1991 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships. He received the Allen Paradice Memorial Trophy as the WHL's official of the year in the 1999–2000 season.

1999–2000 WHL season
The 1999–2000 WHL season was the 34th season of the Western Hockey League (WHL). The season featured eighteen teams and a 72-game season. The Calgary Hitmen won their second consecutive Scotty Munro Memorial Trophy for having the league's best regular season record. In the playoffs, the Kootenay Ice won the franchise's first President's Cup in just their second season playing in Cranbrook, British Columbia.
Bettendorf–Washington School
Bettendorf–Washington School, also known as the Bettendorf Park Board Fine Arts Annex, was a historic building located in Bettendorf, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Bettendorf, Iowa
Bettendorf is a city in Scott County, Iowa, United States. The population was 39,102 at the 2020 census. Bettendorf is one of the five cities that comprise the Quad Cities region along the Mississippi River. It is located adjacent to Davenport, Iowa, and across the river from Moline, East Moline, and Rock Island in Illinois. The Quad Cities metropolitan area had a population of 384,324 as of the 2020 census.
WRKM
WRKM (1350 AM, "AM 1350 SportsMap Radio") is a radio station broadcasting a Sports format. Licensed to Carthage, Tennessee, United States, the station is currently owned by Wood Broadcasting, Inc. and features programming from SportsMap.

Carthage, Tennessee
Carthage is a town in and the county seat of Smith County, Tennessee, United States; it is part of the Nashville Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, Carthage had a population of 2,291. It is located on the Cumberland River, which was important to its early development. It is best known as the hometown of former U.S. Vice President and Senator Al Gore of the Democratic Party and his father, Senator Albert Gore, Sr. The younger Gore announced his 1988 and 2000 presidential bids, as well as his 1992 vice-presidential bid, from the steps of the Smith County Courthouse.
Light Dragoons
The Light Dragoons (LD) is a cavalry regiment in the British Army. The regiment has a light cavalry role and specialises in mounted and dismounted reconnaissance. The Light Dragoons recruit mainly in Northern England, from County Durham, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, South Yorkshire and the East Riding of Yorkshire. For this reason, the regiment is known as "England's Northern Cavalry". It is currently based in Catterick Garrison, North Yorkshire.

13th Hussars
The 13th Hussars (previously the 13th Light Dragoons) was a cavalry regiment of the British Army established in 1715. It saw service for three centuries including the Napoleonic Wars, the Crimean War and the First World War but then amalgamated with the 18th Royal Hussars, to form the 13th/18th Royal Hussars in 1922.
185th Paratroopers Artillery Regiment "Folgore"
The 185th Paratroopers Artillery Regiment "Folgore (Italian: 185° Reggimento Artiglieria Paracadutisti "Folgore") is an artillery regiment of the Italian Army, specializing in airborne operations. Originally an artillery regiment of the Royal Italian Army, the regiment was assigned in World War II to the 185th Infantry Division "Folgore", with which the regiment was deployed to North Africa for the Western Desert campaign, during which division and regiment were destroyed in the Second Battle of El Alamein. Reformed in 1975 the regiment is today based in Bracciano near Rome and assigned to the Paratroopers Brigade "Folgore". The regimental anniversary falls, as for all Italian Army artillery regiments, on June 15, the beginning of the Second Battle of the Piave River in 1918.

President of Italy
The  president of Italy, officially titled President of the Italian Republic (Italian: Presidente della Repubblica Italiana), is the head of state of Italy. In that role, the president represents national unity and guarantees that Italian politics comply with the Constitution. The president is the commander-in-chief of the Italian Armed Forces and chairs the High Council of the Judiciary. The president serves a seven-year term, with no term limits. The incumbent president is former constitutional judge Sergio Mattarella, who was elected on 31 January 2015, and re-elected on 29 January 2022.
Switch (American TV series)
Switch is an American action-adventure detective series starring Robert Wagner and Eddie Albert. It was broadcast on the CBS network for three seasons between September 9, 1975, and August 27, 1978, bumping the Hawaii Five-O detective series to Friday nights.

Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series)
Hawaii Five-O is an American police procedural drama series produced by CBS Productions and created by Leonard Freeman. Set in Hawaii, the show aired for 12 seasons on CBS from September 20, 1968, to April 5, 1980. The show starred Jack Lord as Detective Captain Stephen "Steve" McGarrett, the head of a fictional state police task force in Hawaii. The theme music composed by Morton Stevens became especially popular. Many episodes in the series would end with McGarrett's catchphrase, "Book 'em, Danno!"

At the airing of its finale, it was the longest-running police drama in American television history, and the last scripted primetime show that debuted in the 1960s to leave the air.
Francis Lear (archdeacon of Sarum)
Francis Lear (1823–1914) was an  Anglican priest: the Archdeacon of Sarum from 1875 until his death.

Born on 23 August 1823, son of Francis Lear, Dean of Salisbury, he was educated at Winchester and Christ Church, Oxford. Lear made four appearances in first-class cricket in 1843 and 1844, playing for the Marylebone Cricket Club and Oxford University. He was ordained in 1847 and served first as a curate at Bishopstone. He became its Vicar in 1850 and Rural Dean of Chalke in 1852. From 1864 to 1875 he was Precentor of Salisbury Cathedral. He died on 19 February 1914.

Archdeacon of Sarum
The Archdeacon of Sarum is a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Diocese of Salisbury, England. They are responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy within the five area deaneries of the Sarum archdeaconry, which cover the geographical areas of Alderbury, Chalke (west of Salisbury), Salisbury, Heytesbury and Stonehenge (north of Salisbury).

The post is currently vacant since Alan Jeans' retirement.
Camino de Santiago (route descriptions)
The Camino de Santiago, also known as the Way of St. James, extends from different countries of Europe, and even North Africa, on its way to Santiago de Compostela and Finisterre. The local authorities try to restore many of the ancient routes, even those used in a limited period, in the interest of tourism.

Here follows an overview of the main routes of the modern-day pilgrimage.

Cávado River
The Cávado River (Portuguese: rio Cávado, pronounced [ˈʁi.u ˈkavɐðu]) is a river located in northern Portugal.

It has its source in Serra do Larouco at an elevation of 1,520 metres (4,990 ft) above sea level. It runs 135 kilometres (84 mi) from Fonte da Pipa, near the triangulation station Larouco, to its mouth into the Atlantic Ocean next to the city of Esposende. It flows through the districts of Vila Real and Braga, in the Cávado Region, and flows near the towns of Vila Verde and Esposende and cities of Braga and Barcelos.

Its tributaries are the Homem River, Rabagão River and Saltadouro River.
Monocopter
A monocopter or gyropter is a rotorcraft that uses a single rotating blade. The concept is similar to the whirling helicopter seeds that fall from some trees. The name gyropter is sometimes applied to monocopters in which the entire aircraft rotates about its center of mass as it flies. The name "monocopter" has also been applied to the personal jet pack constructed by Andreas Petzoldt.

Jet pack
A jet pack, rocket belt, rocket pack or flight pack is a device worn as a backpack which uses jets to propel the wearer through the air. The concept has been present in science fiction for almost a century and the first working experimental devices were demonstrated in the 1960s.

Jet packs have been developed using a variety of mechanisms, but their uses are limited because of factors including the Earth's atmosphere, gravity, the low energy density of extreme fuels, and the human body not being suited to flight, so they are principally used for stunts.

A practical use for the jet pack has been in extra-vehicular activities for astronauts because of the weightlessness and lack of friction-creating atmosphere in orbit. The term jet suit is used for a system incorporating a jet pack and associated jets attached to the arms to increase manoeuvrability (e.g. the Daedalus Flight Pack).
Leven H. Ellis
Leven Handy Ellis (April 6, 1881 – January 4, 1968) was an American politician who served as the 15th lieutenant governor of Alabama from 1943 to 1947.

Ellis was born in Nixburg, in Coosa County, Alabama. He obtained a B.Ped. degree from Troy Normal School in 1907, and a Bachelor of Law degree from the University of Alabama School of Law in 1909. Ellis practiced law in Columbiana, Alabama. He served as a state senator from 1927 to 1931, a representative in the Alabama Legislature from 1936 to 1943, and a mayor of Columbiana for two terms. In 1948, Ellis served as an Alabama delegate at the Democratic National Convention. After Hubert Humphrey's address, Ellis led 13 members of the Alabama delegation (that was also joined by the entire Mississippi delegation) in a walkout, leading to the creation of the short-lived Dixiecrat political party.

Lieutenant Governor of Alabama
The lieutenant governor of Alabama is the president of the Alabama Senate, elected to serve a four-year term. The office was created in 1868, abolished in 1875, and recreated in 1901. According to the current constitution, should the governor be out of the state for more than 20 days, the lieutenant governor becomes acting governor, and if the governor dies, resigns or is removed from office (via impeachment), the lieutenant governor ascends to the governorship. Earlier constitutions said the powers of the governor devolved upon the successor, rather than them necessarily becoming governor, but the official listing includes these as full governors. The governor and lieutenant governor are not elected on the same ticket.
Boxberg, Baden-Württemberg
Boxberg (German pronunciation: [ˈbɔksˌbɛʁk] ⓘ) is a town in the Main-Tauber district, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated 16 km south of Tauberbischofsheim and had a population of 6718 people by 2020.

Tauberbischofsheim
Tauberbischofsheim (German pronunciation: [taʊbɐˈbɪʃɔfshaɪm] ⓘ) is a German town in the north-east of Baden-Württemberg on the river Tauber with a population of about 13,200. It is the capital of the Main-Tauber district. It is a popular tourist destination due to its numerous historical buildings, including substantial remains of the medieval town fortifications.

Tauberbischofsheim is also known for its fencers, who have won several Olympic medals and world championships.
Rab Douglas
Robert James Douglas (born 24 April 1972), known professionally as Rab Douglas is a Scottish former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He played for several clubs, including Livingston, Dundee, Celtic, Leicester City, Forfar Athletic and was a goalkeeping coach with Arbroath. Douglas was part of the Celtic side that reached the 2003 UEFA Cup Final, under the management of Martin O'Neill. He also represented Scotland at international level, playing 19 times between 2002 and 2005.
In 2017, Douglas was inducted into the Dundee FC Hall of Fame.

Scottish League One
The Scottish League One, known as William Hill League One for sponsorship reasons, is the third tier of the Scottish Professional Football League, the league competition for men's professional football clubs in Scotland. The Scottish League One was established in July 2013, after the Scottish Professional Football League was formed by a merger of the Scottish Premier League and Scottish Football League.
Green Moor
Green Moor is a village near Wortley in Barnsley, South Yorkshire, England, in the parish of Hunshelf and close to Penistone and Oxspring. Green Moor used to be a stone quarry in the last century but has since become a predominantly commuter and retirement village. Green Moor is also the site of activity centre used by the Sheffield and District Boys' Brigade Battalion.

Barnsley
Barnsley (/ˈbɑːrnzli/ ⓘ) is a market town in South Yorkshire, England. It is the main settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley and the fourth largest settlement in South Yorkshire. The town's population was 71,422 in 2021, while the wider borough had a population of 244,600 in the 2021 census.

Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, Barnsley is located on the M1 corridor between the cities of Sheffield to the south and Wakefield to the north. Doncaster is to the east, Huddersfield to the north-west, and Manchester lies west across the Peak District to which it is connected to via the A628 road.

Barnsley's former industries include linen, coal mining, glass making and textiles. Barnsley's culture is rooted in its industrial heritage and it has a tradition of brass bands, originally created as social clubs by its mining communities.
François Maret
François Maret (French: [fʁɑ̃swa maʁɛ]; 1893–1985), also known as Frans van Ermengem or Frans Ermengem, was a Belgian poet, painter and art critic. He was the son of the bacteriologist Émile van Ermengem and the younger brother of the writer Franz Hellens.

He is remembered as an editor of the Tribune dramatique and as a staunch supporter of General Franco in the Spanish Civil War. He translated Dutch books of art criticism like Urbain van de Voorde's Ferdinand Schirren and Hubert Lampo's Lod De Maeyer. He wrote volumes of poetry which he illustrated himself under an assumed name. He also provided new illustrations for books by Charles Baudelaire and Charles van Lerberghe.

His date of death has been given variously as 1973, 1982, and 1985.

Charles van Lerberghe
Charles van Lerberghe (21 October 1861 – 26 October 1907) was a Belgian author who wrote in French and was particularly identified with the Symbolist movement. The growing atheism and anticlerical stance evident in his later work made it popular among those who challenged establishment norms at the start of the 20th century.