hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
MMM (Ponzi scheme company)
МММ was a Russian company that perpetrated one of the world's largest Ponzi schemes of all time, in the 1990s. By different estimates, between 5 and 10 million people lost their savings. According to contemporary Western press reports, most investors were aware of the fraudulent nature of the scheme, but still hoped to profit from it by withdrawing money before it collapsed.

In 2011, MMM re-opened as "MMM Global".

Ponzi scheme
A Ponzi scheme (/ˈpɒnzi/, Italian: [ˈpontsi]) is a form of fraud that lures investors and pays profits to earlier investors with funds from more recent investors. Named after Italian con artist Charles Ponzi, this type of scheme misleads investors by either falsely suggesting that profits are derived from legitimate business activities (whereas the business activities are non-existent), or by exaggerating the extent and profitability of the legitimate business activities, using new investments to fabricate or supplement these profits. A Ponzi scheme can maintain the illusion of a sustainable business as long as investors continue to contribute new funds, and as long as most of the investors do not demand full repayment or lose faith in the non-existent assets they are purported to own.
1952 Lehigh Engineers football team
The 1952 Lehigh Engineers football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University during the 1952 college football season. Lehigh tied for the Middle Three Conference championship. In their third year under head coach Bill Leckonby, the Engineers compiled a 5–4 record. 
Lehigh only played one of its Middle Three opponents, beating Lafayette; co-champion Rutgers also beat Lafayette but did not face Lehigh, giving them identical 1–0 conference records. Bill Kitsos was the team captain. Lehigh played home games at Taylor Stadium on the university's main campus in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.

1952 Lafayette Leopards football team
The 1952 Lafayette Leopards football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College in the Middle Three Conference during the 1952 college football season. In its first season under head coach Steve Hokuf, the team compiled a 0–9 record. Edward Greaves and Jack Herbruck were the team captains. The team played home games at Fisher Field in Easton, Pennsylvania.
Villacarrillo
Villacarrillo is a locality and Spanish municipality located in the south-western part of the region of Las Villas, in the province of Jaén. It borders the municipalities of Santisteban del Puerto, Iznatoraf, Villanueva del Arzobispo, Santiago-Pontones, Santo Tomé, Úbeda (by the enclave known as Rincón de Úbeda), and Sabiote.

The municipality includes the population centers of Villacarrillo - which hosts the capital of the Las Villas region -, Mogón, La Caleruela, Agrupación de Mogón y Arroturas. It has a population of 10,902 inhabitants.

Jaén, Spain
Jaén (Spanish: [xaˈen] ⓘ) is a municipality of Spain and the capital of the province of Jaén, in the autonomous community of Andalusia.

The city of Jaén is the administrative and industrial centre for the province. Industrial establishments in the city include chemical works, tanneries, distilleries, cookie factories, textile factories, as well as agricultural and olive oil processing machinery industry.

The layout of Jaén is determined by its position on the foothills of the Cerro de Santa Catalina, with steep, narrow streets, in the historic core.

Its population is 112,757 (2020), about one-sixth of the population of the province. Jaén had an increase in cultural tourism in the mid-2010s, having received 604,523 tourists in 2015, 10% more than in 2014.
Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz
The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz is the medical school of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. It was established in 2004 through the merger of Medical Academy in Bydgoszcz (founded in 1984) and Nicolaus Copernicus University. It is named after Ludwik Rydygier, who in 1880 performed the world’s first successful pylorus resection for gastric cancer in Chełmno (near Bydgoszcz), marking a milestone in the development of abdominal surgery. It  comprises three faculties:

Faculty of Medicine

Faculty of Pharmacy

Faculty of Health Sciences

Dormitory
A dormitory (originated from the Latin word dormitorium, often abbreviated to dorm,) is a room that sleeps multiple people. It may also refer (in the US) to a building primarily providing sleeping and residential quarters for large numbers of people such as student accommodation for university or college students,  or, with reference to military personnel, a barracks.

A building providing sleeping and residential quarters for large numbers of people may also be called a house (members of a religious community or pupils at a boarding school), or a hostel (students, workers or travelers).
De Mores Packing Plant Ruins
The De Mores Packing Plant Ruins near Medora in Billings County, North Dakota, is a historic site listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).  The site is now preserved as Chimney Park, the largest open space within Medora's city limits.

Medora, North Dakota
Medora (/mɪˈdɔːrə/, mih-DOR-ə) is a city in Billings County, North Dakota, United States. The only incorporated place in Billings County, it is also the county seat. Much of the surrounding area is part of either Little Missouri National Grassland or Theodore Roosevelt National Park. The population was 121 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 160 in 2024. It is part of the Dickinson Micropolitan Statistical Area. Medora is home to the South unit of Theodore Roosevelt National Park and the Theodore Roosevelt Presidential Library, Bully Pulpit Golf Course, Chateau de Mores, and home to Sully Creek State Park, and to the seasonal Medora Musical at the Burning Hills Ampitheater. It is a popular tourist destination during summer.
Cold Blooded (Grimm)
"Cold Blooded" is the seventh episode of the supernatural drama television series Grimm of season 3 and the 51st overall, which premiered on December 13, 2013, on the cable network NBC. The episode was written by Thomas Ian Griffith, and was directed by Terrence O'Hara. The episode aired alongside the next episode, Twelve Days of Krampus.

Grimm season 3
The third season of the NBC American supernatural drama series Grimm was announced on April 26, 2013. It consisted of 22 episodes. The series, created by David Greenwalt, Jim Kouf and Stephen Carpenter, follows a descendant of the Grimm line, Nick Burkhardt, as he deals with being a cop, and trying not to expose his secret as a Grimm.
Carlos Condell
Carlos Arnaldo Condell de la Haza (August 14, 1843, in Valparaíso – November 24, 1887, in Quilpué) was a  Chilean naval officer and hero of the Battle of Punta Gruesa during the start of the War of the Pacific.

Possessing a great sense of strategy and analysis in battle, he was always underestimated by the contemporary media due to his Peruvian origin (on his mother's side). His victories in unbalanced conditions were decisive to the triumph of Chile in the War of the Pacific.

Chilean Navy
The Chilean Navy (Spanish: Armada de Chile) is the naval warfare service branch of the Chilean Armed Forces. It is under the Ministry of National Defense. Its headquarters are at Edificio Armada de Chile, Valparaiso.
Pikara Stadium
Pikara Stadium (Pikaraスタジアム) is a multi-purpose stadium in Marugame, Kagawa, Japan, formally called Kagawa Marugame Stadium. It is currently used mostly for football matches.  The stadium holds 30,099 people.  The stadium was built in 1997.

It was formerly known as Kagawa Marugame Stadium. Since September 2015 it has been called Pikara Stadium for the naming rights.

Marugame, Kagawa
Marugame (丸亀市, Marugame-shi) is a city located in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2022, the city had an estimated population of 108,541 in 46101 households and a population density of 970 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 111.79 square kilometres (43.16 sq mi).
103 Squadron (Portugal)
The 103 Squadron "Caracóis" (Esquadra 103) is a jet advanced training squadron of the Portuguese Air Force. Prior to 1978, the "Caracóis" also received following designations: 22 Squadron, Esquadra de Instrução Complementar de Pilotagem (EICP) and Esquadra de Instrução Complementar de Pilotagem em Aviões de Combate (EICPAC).

Lockheed T-33
The Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star (or T-Bird) is an American subsonic jet trainer. It was produced by Lockheed and made its first flight in 1948. The T-33 was developed from the Lockheed P-80/F-80 starting as TP-80C/TF-80C in development, then designated T-33A.  It was used by the U.S. Navy initially as TO-2, then TV-2, and after 1962, T-33B. The last operator of the T-33, the Bolivian Air Force, retired the type in July 2017, after 44 years of service.
Pearse Park (Arklow)
Pearse Park or Pearse's Park, (Irish: Páirc na bPiarsach) is an GAA stadium in Arklow, County Wicklow, Ireland. It is the home of the Wicklow hurling and camogie teams. The ground has a capacity of about 5,000.

Wicklow GAA
The Wicklow County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael, Coiste Chontae Cill Mhantáin) or Wicklow GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Wicklow. The county board is also responsible for the Wicklow county teams.

The county football team plays in the Leinster Senior Football Championship. Wicklow has had very little success at senior level, being the only football team in the province and one of two in Ireland to have never won a senior title in either code, the other being Fermanagh.

The county hurling team competes in the Christy Ring Cup, the third tier of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship. The county reached the final in both the 2011 and 2012 cups, losing to Kerry and London respectively.
Bolesław Leśmian
Bolesław Leśmian (né Lesman; 22 January 1877 – 5 November 1937) was a Polish poet, artist, and member of the Polish Academy of Literature, one of the first poets to introduce Symbolism and Expressionism to Polish verse.

Though largely a marginal figure in his lifetime, Leśmian is now considered one of Poland's greatest poets. He is, however, little known outside Poland, mostly on account of his neologism-rich idiosyncratic style, dubbed "almost untranslatable" by Czesław Miłosz and "the ultimate and overwhelming proof for the untranslatability of poetry" by noted Polish Shakespearean translator, Stanisław Barańczak.

Stanisław Barańczak
Stanisław Barańczak (Polish pronunciation: [staˈɲiswav baˈrajnt͡ʂak], November 13, 1946 – December 26, 2014) was a Polish poet, literary critic, scholar, editor, translator and lecturer. He is perhaps most well known for his English-to-Polish translations of the dramas of William Shakespeare and of the poetry of E.E. Cummings, Elizabeth Bishop, Emily Dickinson, Wystan Hugh Auden, Seamus Heaney, Thomas Hardy, Gerard Manley Hopkins, Thomas Stearns Eliot, John Keats, Robert Frost, Edward Lear and others.
Pietrachy
Pietrachy [pjɛˈtraxɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zadzim, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) east of Zadzim, 15 km (9 mi) south-west of Poddębice, and 41 km (25 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Zadzim
Zadzim [ˈzad͡ʑim] is a village in Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Zadzim. It lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) south-west of Poddębice and 43 km (27 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.
Kaçanik
Kaçanik (Albanian definite form: Kaçaniku) or Kačanik (Serbian Cyrillic: Качаник, pronounced [kâtʃaniːk]), is a town and municipality located in the Ferizaj District of southern Kosovo.According to the 2024 census, Kaçanik’s urban population, including the Bob neighbourhood, is approximately 10,000, while the municipality as a whole has 27,742 inhabitants.The municipality covers an area of 220 km2 (85 sq mi), including the town of Kaçanik and 31 villages.

Municipalities of Kosovo
A municipality (Albanian: komuna; Serbian: општина, romanized: opština) is the basic administrative division in Kosovo and constitutes the only level of power in local governance. There are 38 municipalities in Kosovo; 30 of which have an Albanian ethnic majority, 7 Serb and 1 Turkish. After the 2013 Brussels Agreement, signed by the governments of Kosovo and Serbia, an agreement was made to create a Community of Serb Municipalities, which would operate within Kosovo's legal framework. Since 2013, the agreement has not been fulfilled by Kosovo's authorities, calling upon its constitution and territorial integrity.
Pat Jasan
Pat Jasan is an anti-drug organisation founded in 2014  in Kachin State Myanmar. The organisation has been described as "vigilantes", "an ethnic Kachin public movement", "militant christians"  a "civilian movement" and Myanmar's "largest civilian uprising in nearly a decade".

Kachin State
Kachin State (Burmese: ကချင်ပြည်နယ်; Kachin: Jinghpaw Mungdaw) is the northernmost state of Myanmar. It is bordered by China to the north and east (Tibet and Yunnan, respectively), Shan State to the south, and Sagaing Region and India (Arunachal Pradesh) to the west. It lies between north latitude 23° 27' and 28° 25' longitude 96° 0' and 98° 44'. The area of Kachin State is 89,041 km2 (34,379 sq mi). The capital of the state is Myitkyina. Other important towns include Bhamo, Mohnyin and Putao.

Kachin State has Myanmar's highest mountain, Hkakabo Razi at 5,889 metres (19,321 ft), forming the southern tip of the Himalayas, and a large inland lake, Indawgyi Lake. It also has the most national parks of any administrative division in Myanmar, that being three.
Plättchen Twist 'n' Paint
Plättchen Twist 'n' Paint is a video game for the Wii by Austrian developer Bplus, who describe the game as a "puzzle shooter". It was the first third party WiiWare title to be announced.

The game was released in Europe on September 12, 2008, and in North America on September 22, 2008. It is priced at 1500 Wii Points in Europe, and 1000 Wii Points in North America.

Puzzle video game
Puzzle video games make up a broad genre of video games that emphasize puzzle solving. The types of puzzles can test problem-solving skills, including logic, pattern recognition, sequence solving, spatial recognition, and word completion. Many puzzle games involve a real-time element and require quick thinking, such as Tetris (1985) and Lemmings (1991).
Marcel Deslaurens
Marcel Émile Deslaurens (23 August 1883, in Bourges – 17 May 1940, in Vlissingen, Netherlands) was a French brigadier general. He died in World War II during an act of gallantry that allowed a number of his men to retreat safely.

Ranks in the French Army
Rank insignia in the French Army are worn on the sleeve or on shoulder marks of uniforms, and range up to the highest rank of Marshal of France, a state honour denoted with a seven-star insignia that was last conferred posthumously on Marie Pierre Koenig in 1984.
Renewable Energy Wildlife Institute
The Renewable Energy Wildlife Institute (REWI), formerly called the American Wind and Wildlife Institute (AWWI) until 2022, is a U.S. nonprofit organization that seeks to encourage the development of wind energy and solar power while preserving wildlife and habitats that are at risk from the operation and development of wind farms. Located in Washington, D.C., REWI was founded in November 2008 by a coalition of seven conservation and science organizations – including the Environmental Defense Fund, The Nature Conservancy and the Union of Concerned Scientists – and 13 wind industry companies. REWI's initiatives have included the development of wind siting maps and identifying potential biodiversity concerns created by wind energy projects.

Union of Concerned Scientists
The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) is a nonprofit science advocacy organization based in the United States. The UCS membership includes many private individuals in addition to professional scientists. Dr. Kim Waddell chairs the UCS Board of Directors as of 2025, having replaced Dr. Anne Kapuscinski.
Francisco Mascarenhas (governor of Macau)
Francisco Mascarenhas was a Portuguese fidalgo who served as the first Captain-General and Governor of Macau from 1623 to 1626. Before Mascarenhas, the Portuguese settlement of Macau on the coast of China was under the authority of the Captain-major of the Japan Voyage and the Macau Senate, the latter of which resisted the powers invested in the new governor. The conflict between Mascarenhas and the entrenched powers of Macau was such that the city erupted in rebellion against him on 10 October 1624, though this uprising proved to be short-lived.

Governor of Macau
The governor of Macau (Portuguese: Governador de Macau; Chinese: 澳門總督) was a Portuguese colonial official who headed the colony of Macau, before 1623 called captain-major (Portuguese: Capitão-mor). The post was replaced on 20 December 1999 upon the handover of Macau to China by the office of the chief executive of Macau.
Bousine
The bousine is a small, droneless bagpipe from the south of Normandy.  It is of Saxon origin, and arrived in Normandy in the 13th Century.

Latinists believe its name comes from the Latin Bûcina : "trompette".  However, it may also come from the Old Norse Bųss : "conduit/tuyau". This instrument is part of the family of Norman bagpipes, which also include the loure and the haute loure.

Bagpipes
The bagpipe is a woodwind instrument using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag. The Great Highland bagpipe is well known, but people have played bagpipes for centuries throughout large parts of Europe, North Africa, West Asia, around the Persian Gulf and northern parts of South Asia.

The term bagpipes is also used, though pipers usually refer to the bagpipes as "the pipes", "a set of pipes" or "a stand of pipes".

Bagpipes are part of the aerophone group because to play the instrument,  air must be blown into it to produce a sound.
McCabe Memorial Church
McCabe Memorial Church, also known as Iglesia Metodista Unida de la Playa de Ponce, is a historic church building in Barrio Playa in Ponce, Puerto Rico. It dates from 1908, and was designed by Antonin Nechodoma.  It was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 2008. It is one of four places such listed in Barrio Playa, the others being the U.S. Customs House, the Caja de Muertos Light, and the Cardona Island Light.

United States Customs House (Ponce, Puerto Rico)
The U.S. Customs House (Spanish: Aduana de Ponce), located at Bonaire and Aduana streets in barrio La Playa, Ponce, Puerto Rico, is the oldest customs house in Puerto Rico, and the only one of its type under the U.S. flag. As of 10 February 1988, the building was owned by the U.S. Customs Service, Washington, D.C.  The building is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places as "U.S. Custom House". It was listed on 10 February 1988 and later on the Puerto Rico Register of Historic Sites and Zones in 2001.
Black Sash (TV series)
Black Sash is an American action adventure drama television series starring Russell Wong. It ran from March 30 to June 1, 2003. Including pilots, a total of eight episodes were made; however, only six episodes were aired on The WB.

Chinese martial arts
Chinese martial arts, commonly referred to with umbrella terms kung fu (/ˈkʌŋ ˈfuː/; Chinese: 功夫; pinyin: gōngfu; Jyutping: gung1 fu1; Cantonese Yale: gūng fū), kuoshu (Chinese: 國術; pinyin: guóshù; Jyutping: gwok3 seot6) or wushu (Chinese: 武術; pinyin: wǔshù; Jyutping: mou5 seot6), are multiple fighting styles that have developed over the centuries in Greater China. These fighting styles are often classified according to common traits, identified as "families" of martial arts. Examples of such traits include Shaolinquan  (少林拳) physical exercises involving Five Animals (五形) mimicry or training methods inspired by Old Chinese philosophies, religions and legends. Styles that focus on qi manipulation are called internal (内家拳; nèijiāquán), while others that concentrate on improving muscle and cardiovascular fitness are called external (外家拳; wàijiāquán). Geographical associations, as in northern (北拳; běiquán) and southern (南拳; nánquán), is another popular classification method.
'Til the Band Comes In
'Til the Band Comes In is the sixth solo studio album by the American singer-songwriter Scott Walker. It was released in December 1970 but failed to chart. Three singles were released from the album: the title track backed with "Jean the Machine" was released in the Netherlands, and "Jean the Machine" and "Thanks For Chicago Mr. James" were each released in Japan. No singles were released in the UK. The release is a loose concept album about the inhabitants of a tenement.

Johnny Franz
John Charles Franz (23 February 1922 – 29 January 1977) was an English record producer and A&R man at the Philips label. He was one of Britain's most successful producers in the 1950s and 1960s. While his recordings encompassed several forms of mainstream popular music, his most enduring contributions were to British pop music of the mid-1960s on records by Dusty Springfield, the Walker Brothers, and the early solo recordings of Scott Walker. From 1973, he was responsible for the production of Peters & Lee recordings, which included their No. 1 chart hit "Welcome Home".
Raghuji I
Raghuji I (Raghuji Bhonsle, Marathi pronunciation: [ɾəɡud͡ʒi bʱoːsəleː]; 1695 – 14 February 1755) was a Maratha general credited with the Maratha expansion into Gondwana, Odisha, and Bengal, establishing Maratha supremacy in these areas. He was granted the title of Senasaheb Subha, meaning "Lord of the Provinces and the Army", and a saranjam in the Vidarbha region by Shahu I. He is considered the founder of the Kingdom of Nagpur.

Awadh
Awadh (Hindi: [əˈʋədʱ] ⓘ), known in British Raj historical texts as Avadh or Oudh, is a historical region in northern India, now constituting the central portion of Uttar Pradesh. It is roughly synonymous with the ancient Kosala region of Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain scriptures.

It was a province of all the major Islamic dynasties in India including the Mughal Empire. With the decline of late Mughal Delhi, Awadh became a major source of literary, artistic, religious, and architectural patronage in northern India under the rule of its eleven rulers, called Nawabs. From 1720 to 1856, the nawabs presided over Awadh, with Ayodhya and Faizabad serving as the region's initial capitals. Later, the capital was relocated to Lucknow, which is now the capital of Uttar Pradesh.

The British conquered Awadh in 1856, which infuriated Indians and was recognised as a factor causing the Indian Rebellion (1857-58), the biggest Indian uprising against British rule.
Nyngan
Nyngan (/ˈnɪŋɡən/) is a town in the centre of New South Wales, Australia, in the Bogan Shire local government area within the Orana Region of central New South Wales. At the 2016 census, Nyngan had a population of 1,988 people. Nyngan is situated on the Bogan River between Narromine and Bourke, on the junction of the Mitchell Highway and Barrier Highway, 656 km (408 mi) south of Charleville and 576 km (358 mi) north-west of Sydney by road. The Barrier Highway starts at Nyngan, and runs west to Cobar and on through Wilcannia and Broken Hill into South Australia.

Nyngan Airport is a small airport just north of the town centre. Nyngan also lies on the Main Western railway line of New South Wales but is no longer served by passenger trains. The line remains open to freight traffic.

About 70 km (43 mi) south of the town, a cairn was erected in 1988 marking the centre of NSW.

Orana (New South Wales)
Orana is a vast region in north-central New South Wales, Australia. As of June 2015 it had an estimated population of 113,824 people. It has an area of 198,561 square kilometres (76,665 sq mi) and is the largest region in New South Wales, comprising approximately 25% of that  state. The major localities include Dubbo and Cobar. This region corresponds approximately with the Australian Bureau of Statistics' North Western Statistical Division.