hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
UGC 8335
UGC 8335 (Arp 238) is a pair of strongly interacting spiral galaxies. They have been distorted by extreme tidal forces, creating prominent tidal tails and a bridge of gas and stars between the galaxies.

UGC 8335 is about 400 million light-years from Earth, in the constellation Ursa Major. It is the 238th object in Halton Arp's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies.

Tidal tail
A tidal tail is a thin, elongated region of stars and interstellar gas that extends into space from a galaxy. Tidal tails occur as a result of galactic tide forces between interacting galaxies. Examples of galaxies with tidal tails include the Tadpole Galaxy and the Mice Galaxies. Tidal forces can eject a significant amount of a galaxy's gas into the tail; within the Antennae Galaxies, for example, nearly half of the observed gaseous matter is found within the tail structures.
KGRE (AM)
KGRE (1450 kHz) is an AM radio station broadcasting a Regional Mexican format. Licensed to Greeley, Colorado, United States, it serves the Ft. Collins-Greeley area.  The station is currently owned by Greeley Broadcasting Corporation.

Greeley, Colorado
Greeley is the home rule city that is the county seat of, and the most populous municipality in, Weld County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 108,795 at the 2020 United States census, an increase of 17.12% since the 2010 United States census. Greeley is the tenth most populous city in Colorado. Greeley is the principal city of the Greeley, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and is a major city of the Front Range Urban Corridor. Greeley is located in northern Colorado and is situated 49 miles (79 km) north-northeast of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver. The city is a college town, home to the University of Northern Colorado and Aims Community College.
Eternal Gray
Eternal Gray was a technical death metal band originating from Tel Aviv, Israel. The band was known as one of the most respected bands in the Israeli heavy metal scene, and has gathered very positive feedback abroad. On December 22, 2012, after 11 years of activity, band leader Dory Bar-Or announced that he has decided to put the band to an end.

Season of Mist
Season of Mist is an independent record label and record distributor with subsidiaries in France and the United States. The record label was founded in 1996 by Michael S. Berberian in Marseille, France. From the start releasing black metal, pagan metal, and death metal records, the label moved on to releasing albums of avant-garde metal, gothic metal and punk bands as well. The label has two offices, one in Marseille, France and one in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Season of Mist's name originates from The Sandman: Season of Mists, which in turn comes from the opening phrase of John Keats' "To Autumn".
Defences in Canadian copyright law
In Canada, the  Copyright Act provides a monopoly right to owners of copyrighted works. This implies no person can use the work without authorization or consent from the copyright owner. However, certain exceptions in the Act govern circumstances where a work will not be held to have been infringed.

Federal Court of Canada
The Federal Court of Canada, which succeeded the Exchequer Court of Canada in 1971, was a national court of Canada that had limited jurisdiction to hear certain types of disputes arising under the federal government's legislative jurisdiction.  Originally composed of two divisions, the Appellate Division and the Trial Division, in 2003 the Court was split into two separate Courts, the Federal Court and the Federal Court of Appeal.  
The court used facilities at the Supreme Court of Canada Building as well as Thomas D'Arcy McGee Building and registry office at 90 Elgin Street.
Chibombo
Chibombo  is a town in the Central Province of Zambia, and is headquarters of Chibombo District. The town lies near the Lukanga Swamp. It is 95 km north of Lusaka and 45 km south-west of Kabwe on the Great North Road.

Chibombo is home of the Lukanga swamp,  a wetland in Central Zambia which for hundreds of years has supported indigenous
people. The people of Chibombo have built their livelihood and cultural identities based on the ecosystem services it provides.

Kabwe
Kabwe is the capital of the Zambian Central Province and the Kabwe District, with a population estimated at 288,598 at the 2022 census. Named Broken Hill until 1966, it was founded when lead and zinc deposits were discovered in 1902. Kabwe also has a claim to being the birthplace of Zambian politics as it was an important political centre during the colonial period.

Kabwe is an important transportation, farming and university centre. Kabwe is becoming a major agricultural hub for the country is the headquarters for Zambia Railways and prison services. Additionally the mining industry has been important to the economic development of the region. However, because of the exceptional contamination of the city with lead and other toxins, and the effects of these on local children's health, a March 2022 report by the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment identified the town as a sacrifice zone for industry.
William Elmes
William Elmes  (active 1811–20 ), was an English caricaturist.

There are over 45 caricatures by him, many on naval subjects, as well as two satires on slavery, in the Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum, which describes his work as "genuine caricature, broadly burlesqued, naively drawn". His work includes caricatures after prints by James Gillray and  Thomas Rowlandson.

James Gillray
James Gillray (13 August 1756 –  1 June 1815) was a British caricaturist and printmaker famous for his etched political and social satires, mainly published between 1792 and 1810. Many of his works are held at the National Portrait Gallery in London.

Gillray has been called "the father of the political cartoon", with his works satirizing George III, Napoleon, prime ministers and generals. Regarded as one of the two most influential cartoonists, the other being William Hogarth, Gillray's wit and humour, knowledge of life, fertility of resource, keen sense of the ludicrous, and beauty of execution, at once gave him the first place among caricaturists.
Porcellio pumicatus
Porcellio pumicatus is a species of woodlouse in the genus Porcellio belonging to the family Porcellionidae. This species is known to occur in Central Italy and on Sardinia. Adults reach about 15 millimetres (0.59 in) long and can mostly be encountered under stones.

Porcellio
Porcellio is a genus of woodlice in the family Porcellionidae. These crustaceans are found essentially worldwide. A well-known species is the common rough woodlouse, Porcellio scaber.

Most of the hundreds of Porcellio species were described by 1950, and many were known by the end of the 19th century. But occasionally, new species have been found even in the present day.
Tramo Street
Tramo Street is a major local road in Pasay, Metro Manila, Philippines. It runs north-south from Ocampo Street, which is on the border with Malate, Manila, to Andrews Avenue in Maricaban. It is interrupted by Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) and the MRT Line 3, which divides the road into two sections. The southern section from EDSA to Andrews Avenue has been renamed Aurora Boulevard.

The street's name is Spanish for branch or line, referring to the Cavite Line, a branch of the Manila tranvía (tramo del tranvía).

Andrews Avenue
Andrews Avenue (formerly and still commonly known as Nichols Road) is a major east-west thoroughfare in Metro Manila, Philippines that functions as a metropolitan linkage between Pasay and Taguig. It runs underneath the NAIA Expressway almost parallel to Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) to the north, connecting Roxas Boulevard and Domestic Road near Bay City with the South Luzon Expressway near Newport City. It has an arterial extension continuing 3.4 kilometers (2.1 mi) northeast to 5th Avenue and McKinley Road in Bonifacio Global City, known as Lawton Avenue.

Andrews Avenue is also the main feeder to Ninoy Aquino International Airport from the east and west and is the main access road to Newport World Resorts (formerly Resorts World Manila).
Ramesh Chand Thakuri
Ramesh Chand Thakuri is a Nepalese police official. He was the 21st Inspector General of Nepal Police. He was convicted for his part in the Rs 280 million Sudan Scam.  Thakuri was succeeded by Rabindra Pratap Shah in early June, 2012.

Rabindra Pratap Shah
Hon. Rabindra Pratap Shah (born 27 June 1957) was, as of 2012, Inspector General of Nepal Police of the Nepal Police. On 2 June 2011, he assumed the duties of the chief of Nepal Police, after succeeding Ramesh Chand Thakuri. Shah was born in Maidi in the Dhading District, and graduated from Tribhuvan University with a Bachelor's degree in Business Administration.

Shah joined the Nepalese police service on 1 September 1982, as an Inspector of Police. Later he served sequentially as In-Charge of six District Police Offices and three Zonal Police Offices. He was promoted to the rank of Deputy Inspector General of Police in 2006 and served as the Director of the Training Directorate as well as Chief of a Regional Police Office.

As of 2014, Former police chief Rabindra Pratap Shah is now a Constituent Assembly (CA) member representing the UCPN (Maoist) party.
2022 Platzmann-Sauerland Open
The 2022 Platzmann-Sauerland Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the second edition of the tournament which was part of the 2022 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Lüdenscheid, Germany, between 27 June and 3 July 2022.

Platzmann Open
The Platzmann Open is a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour and is held in Hagen, Germany. It was previously held in Lüdenscheid, Germany from 2021 until 2024.
William George Waterhouse Reynolds
William George Waterhouse Reynolds (1860–1928) was Conservative MP for Leicester South (UK Parliament constituency).

A corset manufacturer, he won the seat in 1922 when the previous Conservative MP stood down, narrowly beating the Liberal, but lost it to the Liberals in 1923.

Leicester South
Leicester South is a constituency, recreated in 1974, represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament from 2024 by Shockat Adam.

It had been held from 2011 by Jonathan Ashworth of the Labour Co-op Party (which denotes he is a member of the Labour Party and Co-operative Party, one of 38 such current Labour MPs, and requires members to contribute practically to a cooperative business). A previous version of the seat existed between 1918 and 1950. Except for a 2004 by-election when it was won by the Liberal Democrats, Leicester South was held by the Labour Party from 1987 to 2024, when it was taken with a narrow majority by Shockat Adam standing as an independent.
Caroline Daniel
Caroline Daniel is a British journalist, political commentator and former editor of FT Weekend. She was appointed in June 2010 after having spent three years running the Financial Times comment and analysis pages. In March 2014 she was made consulting editor of FT Live.

Institute for Public Policy Research
The Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR) is a progressive think tank based in London. It was founded in 1988 by Lord Hollick and Lord Eatwell, and is an independent registered charity. The think tank aims to maintain the momentum of progressive thought in the United Kingdom through well-researched and clearly argued policy analysis, reports, and publications; as well as a high media profile.

The IPPR has offices in Newcastle upon Tyne, Manchester, and Edinburgh. Funding comes from trust and foundation grants, government support, and individual donors.
Matteo I Visconti
Matteo I Visconti (1250 – 24 June 1322) was the second of the Milanese Visconti family to govern Milan. Matteo was born to Teobaldo Visconti and Anastasia Pirovano.

In 1287, Matteo's uncle Ottone Visconti, archbishop and first lord of Milan, nominated him as capitano del popolo of Milan. Following his uncle's death in 1295, he succeeded him as lord of Milan. Matteo was appointed numerous times as Imperial Vicar over the whole of Lombardy, while expanding, with the assistance of his sons, his sphere of influence to Piedmont, Emilia, Bologna, and Genoa. Caught between the Papal and Imperial power struggle over northern Italy, Matteo would renounce his imperial title as "General Lord of the Milanese People". Found guilty on the charge of necromancy, excommunicated, and facing a crusade, Matteo resigned his position and died months later. He was succeeded by his son Galeazzo I.

Imperial vicar
An imperial vicar (German: Reichsvikar) was a prince charged with administering all or part of the Holy Roman Empire on behalf of the emperor. Later, an imperial vicar was invariably one of two princes charged by the Golden Bull with administering the Holy Roman Empire during an interregnum.
Sergei Solovyov (film director)
Sergei Alexandrovich Solovyov (Russian: Серге́й Алекса́ндрович Соловьёв; 25 August 1944 – 13 December 2021) was a Soviet and Russian film director, producer, screenwriter, and actor. In 1993 he was awarded the People's Artist of Russia title.

Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography
The Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography, officially the S. A. Gerasimov All-Russian University of Cinematography (Russian: Всероссийский государственный институт кинематографии имени С. А. Герасимова, romanized: Vserossiyskiy gosudarstvyennyy institut kinematografii imyeni S. A. Gerasimova, meaning
All-Russian State Institute of Cinematography named after S. A. Gerasimov), a.k.a. VGIK, is a film school in Moscow, Russia.
Arthur Buchheim
Arthur Buchheim (1859-1888) was a British mathematician.

His father Carl Adolf Buchheim was professor of German language at King's College London. After attending the City of London School, Arthur Buchheim obtained an open scholarship at New College, Oxford, where he was the favorite student of Henry John Stephen Smith. He then studied at the University of Leipzig as a student of Felix Klein. Eventually, he became mathematical master at the Manchester Grammar School.

Buchheim wrote several papers of which some deal with universal algebra. For instance, his work on William Kingdon Clifford's biquaternions and Hermann Grassmann's exterior algebra which he applied to screw theory and non-Euclidean geometry, was cited by Alfred North Whitehead (1898),  as well as in Klein's encyclopedia by Élie Cartan (1908) and in more detail by Hermann Rothe (1916). He was also concerned with the matrix theory of Arthur Cayley and James Joseph Sylvester.

Arthur Cayley
Arthur Cayley FRS (/ˈkeɪli/; 16 August 1821 – 26 January 1895) was an English mathematician who worked mostly on algebra. He helped found the modern British school of pure mathematics, and was a professor at Trinity College, Cambridge for 35 years.

He postulated what is now known as the Cayley–Hamilton theorem—that every square matrix is a root of its own characteristic polynomial, and verified it for matrices of order 2 and 3. He was the first to define the concept of an abstract group, a set with a binary operation satisfying certain laws, as opposed to Évariste Galois' concept of permutation groups. In group theory, Cayley tables, Cayley graphs, and Cayley's theorem are named in his honour, as well as Cayley's formula in combinatorics.
More for Les at the Village Vanguard
More for Les at the Village Vanguard is live album by saxophonist Art Pepper, recorded at the Village Vanguard in 1977 and released on the Contemporary label as the Volume Four of Pepper's Vanguard recordings.

Village Vanguard
The Village Vanguard is a jazz club at Seventh Avenue South in Greenwich Village, New York City. The club was opened on February 22, 1935, by Max Gordon. Originally, the club presented folk music and beat poetry, but it became primarily a jazz music venue in 1957. It has hosted many highly renowned jazz musicians since then, and today is the oldest operating jazz club in New York City.
PGL Major Antwerp 2022
The PGL Major Antwerp 2022, also known as PGL Major 2022 or Antwerp 2022, was the seventeenth Counter-Strike: Global Offensive (CS:GO) Major Championship. It was held in Antwerp, Belgium at the Sportpaleis from 9 to 22 May 2022. Twenty-four teams participated, with most qualifying through regional tournaments. It featured a US$1,000,000 prize pool, half of the previous Major. It was the third Major hosted by the Romanian organization PGL, after PGL Major: Kraków 2017 and PGL Major Stockholm 2021. The Major would be won by FaZe Clan, the first international team in CS:GO history to win a Major.

PGL Major Stockholm 2021
The PGL Major Stockholm 2021, also known as PGL Major 2021 or Stockholm 2021, was the sixteenth Counter-Strike: Global Offensive (CS:GO) Major Championship. It was held in Stockholm, Sweden at the Avicii Arena from October 26 to November 7, 2021. Twenty-four teams qualified via regional major rankings. It featured a US$2,000,000 prize pool, a rise from the $1,000,000 of previous Majors due to the absence of offline competition amid the COVID-19 pandemic. It was the second Major hosted by the Romanian organization PGL, after PGL Major: Kraków 2017. Stockholm 2021 was the first Major after a break caused by the COVID-19 pandemic following the StarLadder Major: Berlin 2019. The Major was won by Natus Vincere, who did not lose a single map throughout the tournament.
Snappr
Snappr is a technology company headquartered in San Francisco whose primary business offering is an on-demand professional photography booking service. The company also offers a free photo analysis tool for use with social media profiles. Snappr's key investors include seed accelerator Y Combinator.

Y Combinator
Y Combinator, LLC (YC) is an American technology startup accelerator and venture capital firm launched in March 2005 which has been used to launch more than 5,000 companies. The accelerator program started in Boston and Mountain View, relocated to San Francisco in 2019, and was entirely online during the COVID-19 pandemic. Companies started via Y Combinator include Airbnb, Coinbase, Cruise, DoorDash, Dropbox, Instacart, Reddit, Stripe, Scale AI, Deel, Helion Energy, Starcloud, and Twitch.
1922 in poetry
April is the cruellest month, breeding
Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing
Memory and desire, stirring
Dull roots with spring rain.
Winter kept us warm, covering
Earth in forgetful snow, feeding
A little life with dried tubers.

— Opening lines from The Waste Land by T. S. Eliot, first published this year

Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).

Indonesian literature
Indonesian literature is a term grouping various genres of South-East Asian literature.

Indonesian literature can refer to literature produced in the Indonesian archipelago. It is also used to refer more broadly to literature produced in areas with common language roots based on the Malay language (of which Indonesian is one scion). This would extend the reach to the Maritime Southeast Asia, including Indonesia, but also other nations with a common language such as Malaysia and Brunei, as well as population within other nations such as the Malay people living in Singapore.

The phrase "Indonesian literature" is used in this article to refer to Indonesian as written in the nation of Indonesia, but also covers literature written in an earlier form of the language, i.e. the Malay language written in the Dutch East Indies. Oral literature, though a central part of the Indonesian literary tradition, is not described here.
Gabe Hudson
Gabriel George Hudson (September 12, 1971 — November 23, 2023) was an American writer. His novel Gork, the Teenage Dragon was released by Knopf on July 11, 2017. Hudson's first book of fiction, Dear Mr. President (Knopf, 2002), has been translated into seven languages, was a PEN/Hemingway Award finalist, and received the Alfred Hodder Fellowship from Princeton University, and the Sue Kaufman Prize for First Fiction from the American Academy of Arts and Letters.

Granta
Granta is a literary magazine and publisher in the United Kingdom whose mission centres on its "belief in the power and urgency of the story, both in fiction and non-fiction, and the story's supreme ability to describe, illuminate and make real." In 2007, The Observer stated: "In its blend of memoirs and photojournalism, and in its championing of contemporary realist fiction, Granta has its face pressed firmly against the window, determined to witness the world."

Granta has published twenty-seven laureates of the Nobel Prize in Literature. Literature published by Granta has regularly won such prizes as the Forward Prize, T. S. Eliot Prize, Pushcart Prize and more.
Saddle River String Band
Saddle River String Band is a Canadian bluegrass quartet, with influences of blues and folk from Summerside, Prince Edward Island, Canada. Their sound derives from their guitar/banjo/mandolin/double bass set up (sometimes with kazoo, harmonica or ukulele) and from their insistence on performing into a single condenser microphone like earlier bluegrass & folk acts.

Summerside, Prince Edward Island
Summerside is a Canadian city in Prince County, Prince Edward Island, Canada, consisting of the amalgamated communities of Summerside, St Eleanors, and Wilmot. It is the second largest city in the province and the primary service centre for the western part of the island.
Carnic and Gailtal Alps
The Carnic and Gailtal Alps (Italian: Alpi Carniche e della Gail, German: Karnische und Gailtaler Alpen) is a geographic grouping of mountain ranges belonging to the Southern Limestone Alps. They are located in Austria and Italy.

SOIUSA code
SOIUSA code is the code used in the International Standardized Mountain Subdivision of the Alps (ISMSA or SOIUSA), a proposal by Italian Alpinist, Sergio Marazzi, to re-categorize the mountains and mountain ranges of the Alps. The proposal has been aired since 2005 but has yet to receive official recognition.
Brick Works De Panoven
The Brick Works De Panoven is a brick museum in Zevenaar, the Gelderland, the Netherlands.
The museum is an Anchor point on the European Route of Industrial Heritage.
 It is also a rijksmonument (number 338309).

European Route of Industrial Heritage
The European Route of Industrial Heritage (ERIH) is a tourist route of the most important industrial heritage sites in Europe. This is a tourism industry information initiative to present a network of industrial heritage sites across Europe. The aim of the project is to create interest for the common European heritage of the Industrialisation and its legacy. ERIH also wants to promote regions, towns and sites showing the industrial history and market them as visitor attractions in the leisure and tourism industry.