hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ndau people
The Ndau are an ethnic group indigenous to south-eastern Zimbabwe in the districts of Chipinge and Chimanimani. They are also found in parts of Bikita, in the Zambezi valley, in central Mozambique along the coast, and in central Malawi. Their presence in these regions was first documented in the 1500s by Portuguese missionary João dos Santos.

The Ndau share historical and cultural connections with several other ethnic groups in the region, including the Kalanga, Venda, and Shona peoples, particularly through their common historical association with the Mapungubwe trading network. In modern times, Nguni influences have also been very strong.

Kalanga people
The Kalanga or BaKalanga are a southern Bantu ethnic group mainly inhabiting Matebeleland in Zimbabwe, northern Botswana, and parts of the Limpopo Province in South Africa.

The BaKalanga of Botswana are the second largest ethnic group in the country, and their Kalanga language being the second most spoken in the country (most prevalent in the North). The TjiKalanga language of Zimbabwe is the third most spoken language in the country, however, being recognized as a Western Shona branch of the Shona group of languages. It is likewise used in mass media.
Methoxydienone
Methoxydienone, also known as methoxygonadiene, as well as 3-methoxy-17-dehydro-18-methyl-19-nor-δ2,5(10)-testosterone or 13β-ethyl-3-methoxygona-2,5(10)-dien-17-one, is a synthetic anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) and progestogen of the 19-nortestosterone group related to levonorgestrel which was never marketed. It was synthesized in the 1960s and 1970s by chemist Herchel Smith and his colleagues while they were developing progestins for use in oral contraceptives. The drug is a potent anabolic when administered via injection with an anabolic:androgenic ratio of approximately 54:27 relative to testosterone propionate and 90:625 relative to nandrolone. Methoxydienone is not 17α-alkylated (instead featuring a ketone at the C17 position) and no data exist regarding its oral activity in humans. It has been sold on the Internet as a designer steroid.

17α-Alkylated anabolic steroid
A 17α-alkylated anabolic steroid is a synthetic anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) that features an alkyl group, specifically a methyl or ethyl group, at the C17α position. Unlike many other AAS, 17α-alkylated AAS are orally active and do not require intramuscular injection. However, they uniquely possess a high potential for hepatotoxicity, which simultaneously limits their use. In addition, some have a high risk of gynecomastia due to uniquely high estrogenic activity, although this does not apply to 17α-alkylated AAS that are also 4,5α-reduced or 19-demethylated (i.e., that are also dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or nandrolone derivatives, respectively). The prototypical example of a 17α-alkylated AAS is methyltestosterone (17α-methyltestosterone).
NGC 7077
NGC 7077 is a lenticular blue compact dwarf galaxy located about 56 million light-years away from Earth in the constellation Aquarius. Discovered by astronomer Albert Marth on August 11, 1863, the galaxy lies within the Local Void.

Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms.  Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars (like elliptical galaxies).  Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe.  Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.
Spamdexing
Spamdexing (also known as search engine spam, search engine poisoning, black-hat search engine optimization, search spam or web spam) is the deliberate manipulation of search engine indexes. It involves a number of methods, such as link building and repeating related or unrelated phrases, to manipulate the relevance or prominence of resources indexed in a manner inconsistent with the purpose of the indexing system.

Spamdexing could be considered to be a part of search engine optimization, although there are many SEO methods that improve the quality and appearance of the content of web sites and serve content useful to many users.

Web page
A web page, or webpage, is a Web document that is accessed in a web browser. A website typically consists of many web pages linked together under a common domain name. The term "web page" is therefore a metaphor of paper pages bound together into a book.
Bilston School of Art
Bilston School of Art was built in 1897 on Mount Pleasant, Bilston to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria. It was designed by town engineer, Captain Wilson, who reputedly based the design very closely on an institution in Glasgow. The building falls within the Bilston Town Centre Conservation Area.

Bilston
Bilston is a market town in the City of Wolverhampton in the West Midlands, England. It is in the Black Country, 2.5 miles (4 kilometres) south east of Wolverhampton city centre and close to the borders of Sandwell and Walsall. The town was known for enamelling from the mid-17th century, and is a former coal and iron mining district. Iron works dominated in Victorian times and the area became a centre for steel production. The town had a population of 34,639 at the 2021 Census.
University of Wisconsin–Parkside
The University of Wisconsin–Parkside (UW Parkside or UWP) is a public university in Somers, Wisconsin, United States. It is part of the University of Wisconsin System and has 4,644 students, 161 full-time faculty, and 89 lecturers and part-time faculty. The university offers 33 undergraduate majors and 11 master's degrees in 22 academic departments. UW–Parkside is one of two universities in the UW System not named for the city in which it is located, the other being UW–Stout. It is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

UW–Parkside is a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division II for athletics. The athletic program is branded as the Parkside Rangers, and its teams wear forest green, black, and white. The Rangers compete in the Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference.

Kenosha County, Wisconsin
Kenosha County (/kəˈnoʊʃə/ ⓘ) is located in the southeastern corner of the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 169,151, and was estimated to be 168,754 in 2024, making it the eighth-most populous county in Wisconsin. Its county seat and the largest city is Kenosha, the fourth-largest city in Wisconsin.

Kenosha County is situated on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan. It is part of the Chicago metropolitan area. The county has a direct rail link to Chicago via Metra's Union Pacific North Line. In 2022, Kenosha County was ranked 16th out of 72 Wisconsin counties for tourism revenue, at $424 million in 2022.
Andrea Rost
Andrea Rost (born June 15, 1962) is a Hungarian lyric soprano. She has performed in leading roles with the  Vienna State Opera, La Scala, the Royal Opera House, Opéra National de Paris, the Metropolitan Opera and the Salzburg Festival.  The year 1997 saw the release of her first solo recording, Le delizie dell’amor, featuring arias from bel canto, Verdi and Puccini operas.

L'elisir d'amore
L'elisir d'amore (pronounced [leliˈzir daˈmoːre]; The Elixir of Love) is a melodramma giocoso (comic melodrama, opera buffa) in two acts by the Italian composer Gaetano Donizetti. Felice Romani wrote the Italian libretto, after Eugène Scribe's libretto for Daniel Auber's Le philtre (1831). The opera premiered on 12 May 1832 at the Teatro della Canobbiana in Milan and has remained continually in the international opera repertory.
John Quinn (wrestler)
John Arthur Quinn (October 15, 1941 – April 22, 2019) was a Canadian professional wrestler. In the United States, he was best known for his appearances in the World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF) under the ring name The Kentucky Butcher in the late-1960s, where he challenged then WWWF World Heavyweight Champion Bruno Sammartino on several occasions, including a 1968 main event at Madison Square Garden.

In addition to his appearances in the WWWF, Quinn performed under his birth name for North American regional promotions including NWA All-Star Wrestling, Pacific Northwest Wrestling and Stampede Wrestling from the early 1960s to early 1970s. During his later career, he also appeared in European and Japanese organizations from the 1970s until the late 1980s. A popular "heel" in Great Britain during this time, he held the British World Heavyweight Championship a record four times between 1980 and 1986.

IWA World Tag Team Championship (International Wrestling Enterprise)
The International Wrestling Alliance (IWA) World Tag Team Championship was a professional wrestling tag team championship contested in the Japanese professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Enterprise (国際プロレス興行, Kokusai Puroresu Kogyō). The IWA World Tag Team Championship was created in 1969 (replacing the TWWA World Tag Team Championship) and abandoned in 1981 upon the closure of the promotion.
Upsilon Eridani
The Bayer designation Upsilon Eridani (υ Eri / υ Eridani) is shared by four or seven stars, in the constellation Eridanus:

υ1 Eridani (50 Eridani)

υ2 Eridani (52 Eridani)

υ3 Eridani (43 Eridani)

υ4 Eridani (41 Eridani)

Some sources include the following stars:

υ5 Eridani (f Eridani)

υ6 Eridani (g Eridani)

υ7 Eridani (h Eridani)

This series of stars bore the traditional proper names Theemim (also Theemin) and Beemin (also Beemim). In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN approved the names Theemin for υ2 Eridani on 1 February 2017 and Beemim for υ3 Eridani on 30 June 2017; both are now included in the List of IAU-approved Star Names.

Eridanus (constellation)
Eridanus is a constellation which stretches along the southern celestial hemisphere. It is represented as a river. One of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century AD astronomer Ptolemy, it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. It is the sixth largest of the modern constellations.  The same name was later taken as a Latin name for the real Po River and also for the name of a minor river in Athens.
Deans Dundas Bay
Deans Dundas Bay is a Canadian Arctic waterway in the Northwest Territories.  It is an eastern arm of Prince of Wales Strait in Victoria Island's Prince Albert Peninsula, situated across from Banks Island.

Prince Albert Peninsula
Prince Albert Peninsula is located on northwest Victoria Island in the Northwest Territories, Canada. It is separated from Banks Island by the Prince of Wales Strait.  Two large waterways, Richard Collinson Inlet and Minto Inlet are to the north and south respectively.  The Hudson's Bay Company's former trading post, Fort Collinson, is located on the south end of the peninsula.

It was named by Edward Augustus Inglefield.
Postage stamps and postal history of Cuba
This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Cuba.

Cuba is an island country in the Caribbean Sea. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital.

Alfonso XII
Alfonso XII (Alfonso Francisco de Asís Fernando Pío Juan María de la Concepción Gregorio Pelayo de Borbón y Borbón; 28 November 1857 – 25 November 1885), also known as El Pacificador (Spanish: the Peacemaker), was King of Spain from 29 December 1874 to his death in 1885.

After the Glorious Revolution of 1868 deposed his mother Isabella II from the throne, Alfonso studied in Austria and France. His mother abdicated in his favour in 1870, and he returned to Spain as king in 1874 following a military coup against the First Spanish Republic. Alfonso died aged 27 in 1885, leaving his pregnant widow, Maria Christina of Austria, as regent of Spain. Their son, Alfonso XIII, became king upon his birth the following year. Maria Christina continued as regent until Alfonso XIII came of age in 1902.
Kathleen Mavourneen (1930 film)
Kathleen Mavourneen is a 1930 American pre-Code sound/talking film directed by Albert Ray, stars Sally O'Neil and produced and distributed by Tiffany Pictures, and is the first talking film version of the oft-filmed Dion Boucicault play.

The last version prior to this film was a 1919 silent Fox film starring Theda Bara. Sally O'Neil would star in the 1937 all-Irish version of the story, thereby filming the story twice.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Hervey Libbert. Prints of the film are held by the Library of Congress.

Tiffany Pictures
Tiffany Pictures (known as Tiffany-Stahl Productions from 1927 to 1930) was an American film studio in Hollywood, in operation from 1921 until 1932. It is considered a Poverty Row studio, whose films had lower budgets, lesser-known stars, and lower production values than major studios.
Proper model structure
In higher category theory in mathematics, a proper model structure is a model structure in which additionally weak equivalences are preserved under pullback (fiber product) along fibrations, called right proper, and pushouts (cofiber product) along cofibrations, called left proper. It is helpful to construct weak equivalences and hence to find isomorphic objects in the homotopy theory of the model structure.

Model category
In mathematics, particularly in homotopy theory, a model category is a category with distinguished classes of morphisms ('arrows') called 'weak equivalences', 'fibrations' and 'cofibrations' satisfying certain axioms relating them. These abstract from the category of topological spaces or of chain complexes (derived category theory). The concept was introduced by Daniel G. Quillen (1967).

In recent decades, the language of model categories has been used in some parts of algebraic K-theory and algebraic geometry, where homotopy-theoretic approaches led to deep results.
Hypselobarbus carnaticus
Hypselobarbus carnaticus, also known as the Carnatic carp, is a species of cyprinid fish from the Western Ghats in India where it inhabits riffles and larger pools in rapidly flowing rivers and streams. It prefers to shelter underneath boulders and overhangs. This species can reach a length of 60 centimetres (24 in) TL and has attained a maximum reported weight of 12 kilograms (26 lb). It is a commercially important fish and is also farmed.

Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae is a family of cyprinoid freshwater fishes commonly referred to as the carp family, which includes the carps, barbs, and barbels, among others. These cyprinids also share sister taxa with the danionins and minnows under the suborder Cyprinoidei. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest family of vertebrates overall, with roughly 1,780 species split into 166 valid genera.

Cyprinids range from the 12 mm (0.5 in)-long glassfishes, to the 3 m (9.8 ft) giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis). The family name is derived from the Greek word kyprînos (κυπρῖνος 'carp').
Erie Vets
The Erie Vets were an American Association football team that played during the 1950 season, the last of the American Association.

That year, they went 5–3 in the six-team league, finishing second behind only the Richmond Rebels. They then played in the league championship, losing 35–7 to the Rebels.

Prior to their tenure in the American Association, the Vets were an independent team who played in the decades-old Western Pennsylvania circuit. Louis J. Tullio (later the mayor of Erie and the original namesake of Erie's main indoor sports arena) was the team's coach; the team was owned by local car salesman Red Herron. The Veterans played at Erie Veterans Memorial Stadium, the team's namesake.

In 1949 and 1950, the team played the Pittsburgh Steelers in Erie, losing both games.

Erie Veterans Memorial Stadium
Erie Veterans Memorial Stadium is a football and soccer stadium located in Erie, Pennsylvania, United States. It was built in 1924 with the 1920 Academy High School building (the current Northwest Pennsylvania Collegiate Academy) overlooking it along its south side, and it was most recently renovated in 2019. The venue, the largest of its kind in the city of Erie with 10,000 seats, hosts high school-level American football games, soccer matches, and marching band invitationals. Additionally, Erie Veterans Memorial Stadium features an artificial turf surface that can be played on during inclement weather.

The stadium has hosted 35 high-school playoff games throughout its history, making it the third-busiest playoff venue in Pennsylvania. Only Hersheypark Stadium in Hershey and Altoona's Mansion Park have hosted more games (98 and 88, respectively).

Erie Veterans Memorial Stadium hosted an NFL Preseason game on August 31, 1940, between the Chicago Bears and the Pittsburgh Steelers.
Bezden Peak
Bezden Peak (Bulgarian: връх Безден, romanized: vrah Bezden, IPA: [ˈvrɤɣ ˈbɛzdɛn]) is the peak rising to 2975 m in the Bangey Heights of north-central Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica.  It is surmounting Patleyna Glacier to the north and Ellen Glacier to the south.

The peak is named after the settlement of  in Western Bulgaria.

Patleyna Glacier
Patleyna Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Патлейна, romanized: lednik Patleyna, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik patˈlɛjnɐ]) is the 3.4 nautical miles (6.3 km; 3.9 mi) long and 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) wide glacier on the east side of north-central Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica, situated north of the upper course of Ellen Glacier.  It is draining the east slopes of Mount Todd and the north slopes of Chepino Saddle, and flowing north-northwestwards to join Embree Glacier southeast of Mount Goldthwait and west of Oreshak Peak.

The glacier is named after the nature reserve of Patleyna in Northeastern Bulgaria.
Edwin Frederick O'Brien
Edwin Frederick O'Brien (born April 8, 1939) is an American Catholic who headed the Order of the Holy Sepulchre from 2011 to 2019. He previously served as archbishop of Baltimore in Maryland from 2007 to 2011 and as Archbishop of the Military Services, USA, in Washington, D.C. from 1997 to 2007. He was an auxiliary bishop for the Archdiocese of New York from 1996 to 1997. O'Brien was made a cardinal in 2012.

Canonical visitation
In the Catholic Church, a canonical visitation is the act of an ecclesiastical superior who in the discharge of his office visits persons or places with a view to maintaining faith and discipline and of correcting abuses. A person delegated to carry out such a visitation is called a visitor. When, in exceptional circumstances, the Holy See delegates an apostolic visitor (or visitors) "to evaluate an ecclesiastical institute such as a seminary, diocese, or religious institute [...] to assist the institute in question to improve the way in which it carries out its function in the life of the Church," this is known as an apostolic visitation.
Thelosia phalaena
Thelosia phalaena is a moth in the family Apatelodidae. It was described by William Schaus in 1896. It is found in Brazil (Rio de Janeiro).

The wingspan is 30–45 mm. The forewings are dark reddish brown without markings. The hindwings are speckled with chrome yellow scales.

Apatelodidae
Apatelodidae, the American silkworm moths, is a family of insects in the order Lepidoptera. They are a family within the superfamily Bombycoidea, though they have in the past been considered a subfamily of Bombycidae.
Origin OS
Origin OS, also known as OriginOS (stylized in all lowercase as orıgınos), is an Android-based operating system by Vivo, a Chinese multinational technology company. It was officially released on November 18, 2020. It replaced the operating system on their Vivo and iQOO phones, and is the successor to Funtouch OS.

IQOO
iQOO Communication Technology Co. Ltd. (English: /aɪ̯ˈk(j)uː/) is a Chinese consumer electronics manufacturer headquartered in Dongguan, Guangdong. The company was founded on 30 January 2019 as a subsidiary of the consumer electronics manufacturer Vivo based in the same city. The brand name iQOO stands for I Quest On and On.

IQOO primarily focuses on making high performance, feature-packed smartphones at a low price. Often with limited edition models in vibrant colours and patterns on back panel.
Mahendra Dutta
Mahendra Dutta (26 May 1931 – 17 February 2020) was an Indian public health official, best known for his efforts to eradicate smallpox in India as the appraisal officer for smallpox in Bihar during the 1974 epidemic. He later served as Health Commissioner of New Delhi, Chief Epidemiologist of the National Centre for Disease Control, and Deputy Director General of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare's public health operations. Additionally, he was a founding member of the Indian Public Health Association, serving as its president in 1987. Dutta's career is featured in an episode of Céline Gounder's 2023 podcast series Epidemic: Eradicating Smallpox.

National Centre for Disease Control
The National Centre for Disease Control (previously known as the National Institute of Communicable Diseases) is an institute under the Indian Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. It was established in July 1963 for research in epidemiology and control of communicable diseases and to reorganize the activities of the Malaria Institute of India. It has nine branches at Alwar, Bengaluru, Trivandrum, Calicut, Coonoor, Jagdalpur, Patna, Rajahmundry and Varanasi to advise the respective state governments on public health. The headquarters are in Sham Nath Marg, in New Delhi.
Complexity Science Hub
The Complexity Science Hub (CSH) is an independent research institute based in Vienna. It focuses on the study of complex systems, aiming to contribute scientific insights to address the major challenges of our time.

Systemic risk
In finance, systemic risk is the risk of collapse of an entire financial system or entire market, as opposed to the risk associated with any one individual entity, group or component of a system, that can be contained therein without harming the entire system. It can be defined as "financial system instability, potentially catastrophic, caused or exacerbated by idiosyncratic events or conditions in financial intermediaries". It refers to the risks imposed by interlinkages and interdependencies in a system or market, where the failure of a single entity or cluster of entities can cause a cascading failure, which could potentially bankrupt or bring down the entire system or market. It is also sometimes erroneously referred to as "systematic risk".