hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nanny state
"Nanny state" is a term of British origin that conveys a view that a government or its policies are overprotective or interfering unduly with personal choice. The term likens such a government to the role that a nanny has in child rearing. An early use of the term comes from Conservative British Member of Parliament Iain Macleod who referred to "what I like to call the nanny state" in the 3 December 1965 edition of The Spectator.

The term was popularised by journalists Bernard Levin and Auberon Waugh, and later by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.

Dean Baker
Dean Baker (born July 13, 1958) is an American macroeconomist who co-founded the Center for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR) with Mark Weisbrot. Baker has been credited as one of the first economists to have identified the 2007–08 United States housing bubble.
Guglielmo Mancori
Guglielmo Mancori (5 November 1927 – 13 February 1995) was an Italian cinematographer, lighting director and camera operator.

He worked in Manhattan Baby (1982), Carabinieri si nasce (1985), by Mariano Laurenti, and Web of the Spider (1971). He also worked in Adventurer of Tortuga (1965), Revenge of The Gladiators (1964), Revenge of the Mercenaries (1962), Nebraska il Pistolero (1966), Manhattan Baby (1982), So Sweet... So Perverse (1969), From Corleone to Brooklyn (1978), Spasmo (1974),

Manhattan Baby
Manhattan Baby is a 1982 Italian horror film directed by Lucio Fulci, and starring Christopher Connelly and Carlo De Mejo. The film begins in Egypt, where Susie, the daughter of archaeologist George Hacker, is given a mysterious talisman by an old woman. Meanwhile, her father investigates a tomb, and is blinded by a blue light. George and Susie return to New York, where George gradually recovers his vision. Strange deaths begin to occur around the Hackers, seemingly caused by the amulet.

Manhattan Baby was shot in New York, Egypt, and Rome in March and April 1982. It was originally planned to be one of Fulci's more expensive films, but its budget was cut in half during production. After the film's release, both Fulci and screenwriter Dardano Sacchetti dismissed it. Fulci would not work with producer Fabrizio De Angelis again. The film received negative reviews from Corriere della Sera and La Stampa.
Rhinotropis intermontana
Rhinotropis intermontana, synonym Polygala intermontana, is a species of flowering plant in the milkwort family known by the common name intermountain milkwort. It is native to the southwestern United States from Utah to northern Arizona and far eastern California, where it grows in desert scrub and woodland habitat. It is a small shrub growing erect or forming tangled, mats of thorny, highly branched stems. The stems are hairy in texture with white fibers. The sparse leaves are linear to oval in shape. The inflorescence bears one to seven flowers, each just a few millimeters in length. The flower has a winglike pair of greenish or whitish sepals and a keeled central petal.

Polygalaceae
The Polygalaceae or the milkwort family are made up of flowering plants in the order Fabales. They have a near-cosmopolitan range, with about 27 genera and ca. 900 known species of herbs, shrubs and trees. Over half of the species are in one genus, Polygala, the milkworts.

The family was first described in 1809 by Johann Hoffmansegg and Johann Link. In 1896, Robert Chodat split it into three tribes. A fourth tribe was split off from the tribe Polygaleae in 1992.  Under the Cronquist classification system, Polygalaceae were treated in a separate order of their own, Polygalales. Currently, according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, the family belongs in Fabales.
Über alles (album)
Über alles is the third studio album by American industrial metal band Hanzel und Gretyl, released on May 20, 2003 via Metropolis Records. The album was critically well-received and is generally regarded as the group's most prominent and identifiable work to date. The album is the first of a highly conceptualized trilogy of DIY industrial metal operas that denote a distinct change in style for the group marked by aggressive metal style guitar riffs, gritty orchestral sampling and guttural German spoken vocals.

Industrial metal
Industrial metal is the fusion of heavy metal and industrial music, typically employing repeating metal guitar riffs, sampling, synthesizer or sequencer lines, and distorted vocals. Prominent industrial metal acts include Ministry, Nine Inch Nails, Fear Factory, Rammstein, KMFDM, and Godflesh.

Industrial metal developed in the late 1980s, as industrial and metal began to fuse into a common genre.  Industrial metal did well in the early 1990s, particularly in North America, with the success of groups such as Nine Inch Nails, but its popularity began to fade in the latter half of the 1990s.
Hong Chaosheng
Hong Chaosheng (Chinese: 洪朝生; pinyin: Hóng Cháoshēng; Wade–Giles: Hung Ch'ao-sheng; 10 October 1920 – 19 August 2018) was a Chinese physicist best known for studying cryogenics. Hong was the teacher of Zhao Zhongxian, a laureate of Highest Science and Technology Award, the highest scientific award issued by the Chinese Academy of Sciences to scientists working in China.

He was a delegate to the 3rd National People's Congress. He was a member of the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

Zhao Zhongxian
Zhao Zhongxian (simplified Chinese: 赵忠贤; traditional Chinese: 趙忠賢; pinyin: Zhào Zhōngxián; born 30 January 1941) is a Chinese physicist. He is internationally known for his studies on High-temperature superconductivity (HTS).

He was a member of the 8th, 10th, 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He was also an alternate member of the 15th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.
Multi-conjugate Adaptive optics Demonstrator
Multi-conjugate Adaptive optics Demonstrator (MAD) is an instrument that allowed the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope to observe celestial objects with most of the atmosphere's blurring removed.  As with other adaptive optics systems, it works by performing real-time corrections to the atmospheric turbulence by means of computer-controlled deformable mirrors. Its particularity is the correction over a wider field of view than previous systems, which only used a single deformable mirror.

Adaptive optics
Adaptive optics (AO) is a technique of precisely deforming a mirror in order to compensate for light distortion. It is used in astronomical telescopes and laser communication systems to remove the effects of atmospheric distortion, in microscopy, optical fabrication and in retinal imaging systems (ophthalmoscopy) to reduce optical aberrations. Adaptive optics works by measuring the distortions in a wavefront and compensating for them with a device that corrects those errors such as a deformable mirror or a liquid crystal array.

Adaptive optics should not be confused with active optics, which work on a longer timescale to correct the primary mirror geometry.

Other methods can achieve resolving power exceeding the limit imposed by atmospheric distortion, such as speckle imaging, aperture synthesis, and lucky imaging, or by moving outside the atmosphere with space telescopes, such as the Hubble Space Telescope.
Ducati 250 Scrambler
The Ducati 250 Scrambler, known in Europe as the Ducati 250 SCR is an on/off-road 249 cc (15.2 cu in) single cylinder bevel drive SOHC motorcycle produced by the Italian manufacturer Ducati from 1962 to 1974. Originally produced for the American Market at the request of the US importers, Berliner Motor Corporation, the model was offered in Europe from 1968. Total production was around 12,000 machines.

The model was also produced under licence in Spain by MotoTrans from 1972 to 1974.

Dual-sport motorcycle
A dual-sport motorcycle  is a type of motorcycle that is designed for varying degrees of off-road use while still being street-legal.  Dual-sports are equipped with lights, a speedometer, mirrors, a horn, registration plates, turn signals, and a muffler with spark arrestor and decibel noise output to comply with government regulations. They vary considerably in engine size and weight, though they are typically 510cc or smaller. They are often versions of off-road bikes that have been made legal for street driving.

Other names such as all-road, on/off-road, dual-purpose, and adventure bike may be chosen by the manufacturer based upon the size, weight, and intended application of the motorcycle. Typically the dual sport category weighs less than 400 pounds/180 kilos to make them more comfortable and capable off-road, while adventure bikes are more than 400 pounds/180 kilos to make them more comfortable and capable on the pavement.
Barochan Cross
Barochan Cross is an ancient Scottish Celtic Christian cross dated to the early Middle Ages, between the 8th and the 11th century. It was originally located on the northside of Barochan burn, about 2 km north of Houston in Renfrewshire, then moved to a position nearby on top of Corslie Hill in 1790. It remained there for the next 187 years, in  an exposed position that caused significant damage to the cross. In 1977, it was taken to Stenhouse Conservation Centre in Edinburgh for preservation. Once repaired it was decided it couldn't return to its exposed position, that resulted in the 1981 decision to move it to Paisley Abbey to protect it from the elements.

Barochan Cross is one of six known Christian crosses remaining from the Kingdom of Strathclyde—the others are held at the Govan Stones, namely the Govan Cross (also known as the Jordanhill Cross), the Sun Stone, the Cuddy Stane and the Inverted Cross, and the Netherton Cross in Hamilton Old Parish Church.

Celtic cross
The Celtic cross  is a form of ringed cross, a Christian cross featuring a nimbus or ring, that emerged in Ireland and Britain in the Early Middle Ages. It became widespread through its use in the high crosses erected across Ireland, Britain and parts of France, especially in regions evangelised by Irish missionaries, from the 9th through the 12th centuries.

A staple of Insular art, the Celtic cross is essentially a Latin cross with a nimbus surrounding the intersection of the arms and stem. Scholars have debated its exact origins, but it is related to earlier crosses featuring rings. The form gained new popularity during the Celtic Revival of the 19th century; the name "Celtic cross" is a convention dating from that time. The shape, usually decorated with interlace and other motifs from Insular art, became popular for funerary monuments and other uses, and has remained so, spreading well beyond Ireland.
Velvet
Velvet is a type of woven fabric with a dense, even pile that gives it a distinctive soft feel. Historically, velvet was typically made from silk. Modern velvet can be made from silk, linen, cotton, wool, synthetic fibers, silk-cotton blends, or synthetic-natural fiber blends.

Rayon
Rayon, also called viscose, is a semi-synthetic fiber made from natural sources of regenerated cellulose, such as wood and related agricultural products. It has the same molecular structure as cellulose. Many types and grades of rayon fibers and films exist. Some imitate the feel and texture of natural fibers such as silk, wool, cotton, and linen.  It can be woven or knitted to make textiles for clothing and other purposes.
Rayon production involves solubilizing cellulose fibers. Three common methods are as follows:

The cuprammonium process (obsolete), using ammoniacal solutions of copper salts

The viscose process (most common) using alkali and carbon disulfide

The Lyocell process, using amine oxide, avoids neurotoxic carbon disulfide but is more expensive
38th Berlin International Film Festival
The 38th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 12 to 23 February 1988. The festival opened with musical film Linie 1 by Reinhard Hauff.

The Golden Bear was awarded to the Chinese film Red Sorghum directed by Zhang Yimou.

The retrospective was dedicated to colour films and it was titled The History of Colour Film. Originally West German actor Gert Fröbe was selected as Jury President but later he had to decline due to illness, after which Moritz de Hadeln appointed the Italian film critic Guglielmo Biraghi as the Jury President.

Moritz de Hadeln
Moritz de Hadeln (born 21 December 1940 in Exeter, Devon, England) is a Swiss documentary film director and photographer, who became a  Film Festival director. He was the founder of Swiss documentary film festival Visions du Réel. He also headed the Locarno International Film Festival from 1972 to 1977, the Berlin International Film Festival from 1980 to 2001 and the Venice International Film Festival in 2002 and 2003. He was also a member of the jury at the 23rd Moscow International Film Festival.
Lisičji Kamen
Lisičji Kamen (also known as Guri i Dhelprës in Albanian) is a mountain in Kosovo,  in the Šar Mountains in Gora next to North Macedonia and Albania. Lisičji Kamen reaches a top height of 2,010 m (6,594 ft).
The nearest peaks are Ovčinec, the next town is Brod (Prizren), the next biggest lake is Šutmansko Lake. It is one of the higher peaks in Kosovo.

41°58′09″N 20°41′14″E﻿ / ﻿41.969167°N 20.687222°E﻿ / 41.969167; 20.687222﻿ (Lisičji Kamen)

Šar Mountains
The Šar Mountains (Macedonian: Шар Планина, romanized: Šar Planina; Serbian: Шар-планина / Šar-planina; colloquially also Šara, Cyrillic: Шара) or Sharr Mountains (Albanian: Malet e Sharrit, pronounced [malɛt ɛ ʃarit]) is a mountain range in Southeast Europe, extending into several countries from southern Kosovo, to northwestern North Macedonia, to northeastern Albania. The sections in Kosovo (Sharr Mountains National Park) and North Macedonia (Šar Planina National Park) are national parks. Rugged and barren, the mountains are among the highest in the Balkans, with 30 peaks higher than 2,500 m (8,202 ft).
Baron Lamington
Baron Lamington, of Lamington in the County of Lanark, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1880 for Alexander Baillie-Cochrane, a long-standing Conservative Member of Parliament and old friend of Benjamin Disraeli. He was the son of Admiral of the Fleet Sir Thomas John Cochrane, son of Admiral the Honourable Sir Alexander Cochrane, sixth son of Thomas Cochrane, 8th Earl of Dundonald (see the Earl of Dundonald for earlier history of the Cochrane family). Lord Lamington was succeeded by his son, the second Baron. He represented St Pancras North in the House of Commons and served as Governor of Queensland and of Bombay. On his death the title passed to his son, the third Baron. He was childless and on his death in 1951 the barony became extinct. The Lamington cake is said to be named after the second baron.

Thomas John Cochrane
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Thomas John Cochrane, GCB (5 February 1789 – 19 October 1872) was a Royal Navy officer. After serving as a junior officer during the French Revolutionary Wars, he captured the French ship Favourite off the coast of Dutch Guiana and then took part in various actions including the capture of the Virgin Islands from Danish forces, the capture of the French island of Martinique and the capture of the French archipelago of Îles des Saintes during the Napoleonic Wars. He also took part in the burning of Washington and the attack on Baltimore during the War of 1812.

Cochrane went on to serve as colonial governor of Newfoundland and then as Member of Parliament for Ipswich before becoming Commander-in-Chief, East Indies and China Station and then Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth.
Geschwister-Scholl-Platz
48°09′02.68″N 11°34′50.25″E﻿ / ﻿48.1507444°N 11.5806250°E﻿ / 48.1507444; 11.5806250
Geschwister-Scholl-Platz (Scholl Siblings Plaza) is a short semi-circular plaza located in front of the main building of LMU Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München), located on the Ludwigstraße in Munich, Germany.  The plaza is named in memory of the Scholl siblings, Sophie Scholl and Hans Scholl, students at LMU Munich during World War II who were among the founding members of the White Rose (Weiße Rose) resistance movement.

Hans Scholl
Hans Fritz Scholl (German: [hans ʃɔl] ⓘ; 22 September 1918 – 22 February 1943) was, along with Alexander Schmorell, one of the two founding members of the White Rose resistance movement in Nazi Germany. The principal author of the resistance movement's literature, he was found guilty of high treason for distributing anti-Nazi material and was executed by the Nazi regime in 1943 during World War II.
Venset
Venset is a village in Fauske Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. Venset lies on the north shore of Skjerstad Fjord about 17 kilometers (11 mi) west of the town of Fauske and about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) south of the village of Valnesfjord.

Skjerstad Fjord
Skjerstad Fjord (English) or Skjerstadfjorden (Norwegian) is a fjord in the municipalities of Bodø, Fauske, and Saltdal in Nordland county, Norway. It is a 40-kilometre-long (25 mi) arm off of the main Saltfjorden. It is connected to the Saltfjorden by the narrow Saltstraumen strait, which has very strong tidal currents. The villages of Valnesfjord and Rognan and the town of Fauske lie along the shores of the fjord. The European route E06 highway runs along the eastern shore of the fjord, and the Nordland Line railway follows the eastern and northern shores of the fjord.  The Misværfjorden branches off this fjord to the south at the village of Skjerstad.
Magadh division
Magadh division is an administrative geographical unit of Bihar state of India. Gaya is the administrative headquarters of the division.  Currently (2005), the division consists Gaya district, Nawada district, Aurangabad district, Jehanabad district, and Arwal district. The current divisional commissioner is Prem Singh Meena, an IAS officer of batch 2000 of Bihar cadre. Magadh is home to the Magahi culture. People speak Magahi language here.

Magahis
Magahis (Devanagari: मगहि लोग, Kaithi: 𑂧𑂏𑂯𑂱 𑂪𑂷𑂏, Perso-Arabic: مگاہی قوم) are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group native to the Magadh region of the East Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand. Magahi culture is rich with its distinct language, folk songs and festivals. They natively speak the Magahi language.
Abu Ma'shar al-Sindi
Abu Ma'shar Najīḥ bin 'Abd al-Raḥmān al-Sindī al-Madanī (Arabic: أبو معشر نجيح بن عبد الرحمن السندي المدني) commonly known as Abu Ma'shar al-Sindī was a Muslim historian and hadith scholar. A contemporary of Ibn Ishaq, he wrote the Kitāb al-Maghāzī, fragments of which are preserved in the works of al-Waqidi and Ibn Sa'd. Al-Tabari quoted him for Biblical information and chronological statements about the Islamic prophet Muhammad and later Muslim conquests. As a hadith transmitter, Muslim experts in biographical evaluation (ʿIlm al-rijāl) generally considered him unreliable.

Yahya ibn Ma'in
Yahya ibn Ma'in (Arabic: يحيى بن معين, romanized: Yaḥyā ibn Maʻīn; 774-847) was a classical Islamic scholar in the field of hadith. He was a close friend of Ahmad ibn Hanbal for much of his life. Ibn Ma'in is known to have spent all of his inheritance on seeking hadith to the extent he became extremely needy.
Martin Smith (golfer)
Martin Smith (c. 1915 – 26 May 1969) was an Australian professional golfer active from the 1930s to the 1950s. He won the Victorian Professional Championship twice, in 1939 and 1951 and was a runner-up in the 1939 Australian Open. He represented Victoria in the Vicars Shield interstate professional team competition 9 times between 1935 and 1951.

Dunlop Cup (Australia)
The Dunlop Cup was a series of annual professional golf tournaments held in Australia from 1930 to 1952. Four separate events were held each year, in New South Wales, South Australia, Queensland and Victoria. The tournaments were sponsored by Dunlop Perdriau Rubber Co., later renamed Dunlop Rubber Australia.
Binyuro
Binyuro is a village in the Commune of Vyanda in Bururi Province in southern Burundi. By road it is located 21 kilometres southeast of Bururi and 12.6 kilometres northwest of Vyanda, and south of Muyuga.

Vyanda
Vyanda is a town and seat of the Commune of Vyanda in Bururi Province in southern Burundi. It has a population of 29,685 and by road it is located 34.9 kilometres southeast of Bururi and 13.2 kilometres northeast of Kigwena.
Grettel Barboza
Grettel Barboza (born September 6, 1956 in San José) is a Costa Rican sport shooter. She competed for Costa Rica at the 2004 Summer Olympics, finishing thirty-fifth in the air pistol.

Barboza qualified as the 47-year-old lone shooter for the Costa Rican squad in the women's 10 m air pistol at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. She had been granted an Olympic invitation for her country by ISSF and IOC, having registered a minimum qualifying score of 367 at the ISSF World Cup meet in Atlanta, Georgia, United States three years earlier. Barboza fired a lowly 368 out of a possible 400 to force a three-way tie with her fellow Latin American markswomen Amanda Mondol of Colombia and triple Olympian Margarita Tarradell of Cuba for thirty-fifth place in the qualifying round, failing to advance further to the final.

Margarita Tarradell
Margarita Tarradell Asencio (born November 30, 1962, in Santiago de Cuba) is a Cuban sport shooter. She has competed for Cuba in pistol shooting at three Olympics (1992, 2000, and 2004), and has produced an illustrious career tally of fifteen medals in a major international competition, a total of four (one gold, two silver, and one bronze) at the Pan American Games (1991 to 2003), a total of five (two gold and three silver) at the American Championships, and a total of six (four golds, one silver, and one bronze) at numerous meets of the ISSF World Cup series.
Setiawangsa–Pantai Expressway
Setiawangsa–Pantai Expressway (SPE) is a 29.8-kilometre (18.5 mi) expressway in Klang Valley, Malaysia that connects Taman Melati and Klang Gates from  FT 28 Kuala Lumpur Middle Ring Road 2 to  Sprint Expressway - Kerinchi Link and  FT 2 Federal Highway at Kerinchi near Pantai and University of Malaya. The alignment of this highway traverses from the north to the south of Kuala Lumpur and serves areas such as Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, Wangsa Maju, Setiawangsa, Ampang, the Tun Razak Exchange and Bandar Malaysia development corridor as well as providing a connection to Kuala Lumpur-Karak Experessay to the east coast. It was built and maintained by Ekovest Berhad. It was formerly known as DUKE Phase 3.

Federal Highway (Malaysia)
Federal Highway (Malay: Lebuhraya Persekutuan; Jawi: لبوهراي ڤرسكوتوان‎; Chinese: 联邦大道, abbreviation: FH2) is a Malaysian controlled-access highway connecting the capital city of Kuala Lumpur, and Klang, the former capital of the state of Selangor. The highway starts from Seputeh in Kuala Lumpur to Klang, Selangor. It is the busiest highway in Klang Valley during rush hour from/to Kuala Lumpur. The Federal Highway is coded as Federal Route 2.
Plus (Cannonball Adderley Quintet album)
Plus is an album by Cannonball Adderley Quintet released on the Riverside label featuring performances by Adderley with Nat Adderley, Wynton Kelly, Victor Feldman, Sam Jones and Louis Hayes.

The two additional tracks added on the CD reissue, an alternate take of "Lisa" and "O.P.", were discovered in the mid-1980s. The latter is named after Oscar Pettiford, but features a different lineup; for instance, Adderley does not play on it. Producer Keepnews speculated that the second cellist playing was Ron Carter.

Riverside Records
Riverside Records was an American jazz record company and label. Founded by Orrin Keepnews and Bill Grauer, Jr, under his firm Bill Grauer Productions in 1953, the label played an important role in the jazz record industry for a decade. Riverside headquarters were located in New York City, at 553 West 51st Street.