hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2014 World University American Football Championship
The 2014 World University American Football Championship was an international college American football tournament that was held from May 1 to 11, 2014 in Uppsala, Sweden, at Österängens IP. It was the first World University Championship for American football. The tournament was held in round-robin format, with each team facing each other once.

World University American Football Championship
The World University American Football Championship is an international college American football competition sponsored and organized by the International University Sports Federation (FISU) and the International Federation of American Football (IFAF).

The first World University American Football Championship was held from May 1-11, 2014 in Uppsala, Sweden and the last edition was held from June 16-24, 2018 in Harbin, China.

The 2020 and 2022 championships were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. From 2022, the championship changed formats, with university teams participating rather than national teams.
PSR J0348+0432
PSR J0348+0432 is a pulsar–white dwarf binary system in the constellation Taurus. It was discovered in 2007 with the National Radio Astronomy Observatory's Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope in a drift-scan survey.

In 2013, a mass measurement for this neutron star was announced: slightly over two times the mass of the Sun (2.01±0.04 M☉). This measurement was done with a combination of radio timing and precise spectroscopy of the white dwarf companion.
This is slightly higher than, but statistically indistinguishable from, the mass of PSR J1614−2230, which was measured using the Shapiro delay. This measurement confirmed the existence of such massive neutron stars using a different measuring technique.

The notable feature of this binary pulsar is its combination of high neutron-star mass and short orbital period: 2 hours and 27 minutes.
This allowed a measurement of the orbital decay due to the emission of gravitational waves, as observed for PSR B1913+16 and PSR J0737−3039.

Hulse–Taylor pulsar
The Hulse–Taylor pulsar (known as PSR B1913+16, PSR J1915+1606 or PSR 1913+16) is a binary star system composed of a neutron star and a pulsar which orbit around their common center of mass. It is the first binary pulsar ever discovered.

The pulsar was discovered by Russell Alan Hulse and Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr., of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in 1974. Their discovery of the system and analysis of it earned them the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation."
Young Steff
Stephen Deon Draie Goldsborough better known by his stage name Young Steff, is an American rapper. Steff was born in Vineland, New Jersey. His father was a member of the gospel group: Spirit, and his aunt, Gina Thompson has worked with producer Rodney Jerkins. Steff signed to Roc-A-Fella Records in 2000. His song "Can I Holla" featuring Bow Wow was featured in the soundtrack to the film Like Mike.

Gina Thompson
Gina Thompson (born Lugenia Thompson; November 10, 1976) is an American R&B singer. Born to Edward L. Thompson, Sr. and Eugenia Thompson, Gina Thompson began singing at an early age and was signed to her first recording contract with Mercury Records shortly after graduating from high school.
2017–18 Biathlon World Cup – Individual Women
The 2017–18 Biathlon World Cup – Individual Women started on Wednesday 29 November 2017 in Östersund and finished on Thursday 11 January 2018 in Ruhpolding. The defending titlist was Laura Dahlmeier of Germany.

The small crystal globe winner for the category was Nadezhda Skardino of Belarus.

2017–18 Biathlon World Cup
The 2017–18 Biathlon World Cup (BWC) was a multi-race series over a season of biathlon, organised by the International Biathlon Union. The season started on 24 November 2017 in Östersund, Sweden and ended on 25 March 2018 in Tyumen, Russia. The defending overall champions from the 2016–17 Biathlon World Cup were Martin Fourcade of France and Laura Dahlmeier of Germany.
Second cabinet of Donald Trump
Donald Trump assumed office as the 47th president of the United States on January 20, 2025. The president has the legal authority to nominate members of his cabinet to the United States Senate for confirmation under the Appointments Clause of the United States Constitution.

Administrator of the Small Business Administration
The administrator of the Small Business Administration is the head of the Small Business Administration of the United States. The administrator is responsible for managing and the day-to-day operations of the agency. The administrator is nominated by the president of the United States and must be confirmed by a vote of the United States Senate.

In January 2012, President Barack Obama announced that the SBA administrator would be elevated to Cabinet rank, a position it last held during the Clinton administration.

The most recent confirmed administrator was Kelly Loeffler, who was nominated by President Donald Trump and confirmed by the Senate on February 20, 2025.
Endorsements in the 2016 Labour Party leadership election (UK)
The following list contains a run down of politicians, individuals, Constituency Labour Parties, trade unions (both Labour Party affiliated and not), socialist societies, newspapers, magazines and other organisations that endorsed a candidate in the 2016 leadership election

Shadow Secretary of State for Business and Trade
The shadow secretary of state for business and trade is an office within British politics held by a member of His Majesty's Most Loyal Opposition. The duty of the office holder is to scrutinise the actions of the government's secretary of state for business and trade and develop alternative policies. The office holder is a member of the Shadow Cabinet. The position is currently held by Andrew Griffith.
The Remixes: Miho Nakayama Meets New York Groove
The Remixes: Miho Nakayama Meets New York Groove is the third remix album by Japanese entertainer Miho Nakayama. Released through King Records on December 3, 1997, the album features six remixed songs; four of which are from her album Groovin' Blue.

The album peaked at No. 57 on Oricon's albums chart and sold over 5,000 copies.

Groovin' Blue (Miho Nakayama album)
Groovin' Blue (グルービン・ブルー, Gurūbin Burū) is the 19th studio album by Japanese entertainer Miho Nakayama. Released through King Records on June 21, 1997, it features the single "March Color". It is the first album to have all songs written by Nakayama.

The album peaked at No. 28 on Oricon's albums chart and sold over 22,000 copies.
Carmine Abate
Carmine Abate (born 24 October 1954) is an Italian writer. He has written numerous short stories, novels and essays, mainly focusing on issues of migration and the encounters between disparate cultures.

Premio Campiello
The Premio Campiello is an annual Italian literary prize. 
A jury of literary experts (giuria di letterati in Italian) identifies books published during the year and, in a public hearing, selects five of those as finalists. These books are called Premio Selezione Campiello. Then a jury of 300 readers (called giuria dei 300 lettori) representing different social, cultural and professional groups from each region of Italy, each with one vote, decides the winner of the selection.
Since 2004, the jury of literary experts awards a Premio Campiello Opera Prima for the best debut.
NGC 4330
NGC 4330 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation of Virgo. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 1898 ± 24 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 27.99 ± 1.99 Mpc (~112 million light-years). However, a dozen non-redshift measurements give a much closer distance of 19.642 ± 1.559 Mpc (~64.1 million light-years). The galaxy was discovered by Irish engineer Bindon Stoney on 14 April 1852.

One supernova has been observed in NGC 4330: SN 2024phz (Type II, mag. 17.669) was discovered by ATLAS on 11 July 2024.

Virgo (constellation)
Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac. The name means "maiden" in Latin and its traditional astrological symbol is . Between Leo to the west and Libra to the east, lying in the south, it is the second-largest constellation in the sky (after Hydra) and the largest constellation in the zodiac. The ecliptic intersects the celestial equator within this constellation and Pisces. Underlying these technical two definitions, the sun passes directly overhead of the equator, within this constellation, at the September equinox. Virgo can be easily found through its brightest star, Spica, (in Latin "grain headed").
2014 OEC Taipei WTA Challenger – Singles
Alison Van Uytvanck was the defending champion, but chose to participate at the 2014 Open GDF Suez de Limoges instead.

Vitalia Diatchenko won the title, defeating Chan Yung-jan in the final, 1–6, 6–2, 6–4.

2014 Open GDF Suez de Limoges
The 2014 Open GDF Suez de Limoges was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the eighth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 WTA 125K series, offering a total of $125,000 in prize money. It took place in Limoges, France, on 3–9 November 2014.
Valley Stream 13 Union Free School District
Valley Stream 13 Union Free School District is a public school district in New York State that serves about 2000 students in the villages of Valley Stream and Malverne, the hamlets of Franklin Square and Elmont, and the community of North Valley Stream in Nassau County with a staff of 250 (180 teachers and 70 support staff) and a budget of $67 million. It is unique in that most school districts in New York State encompass grades K–12 while this district includes elementary grades PK–6 only. It is one of three Valley Stream districts (the others are Elementary Districts 24 and 30) whose students graduate to a separately managed district, Valley Stream Central High School District, for grades 7-12.

The average class size is 20 students (all grades). The student-teacher ratio is 12:1.

Adrienne Robb-Fund was the Superintendent of Schools.

North Valley Stream, New York
North Valley Stream is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the Town of Hempstead in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 18,197 at the time of the 2020 census.
Howald railway station
Howald railway station (Luxembourgish: Gare Houwald, French: Gare de Howald, German: Bahnhof Howald) is a railway station in Luxembourg on line 6, which opened on December 10, 2017. It is located in Howald, in the commune of Hesperange, in the canton of Luxembourg. It is operated by Société nationale des chemins de fer luxembourgeois (CFL).

Rodange railway station
49°33′03″N 05°50′36″E﻿ / ﻿49.55083°N 5.84333°E﻿ / 49.55083; 5.84333

Rodange railway station (Luxembourgish: Gare Rodange, French: Gare de Rodange, German: Bahnhof Rodingen) is a railway station serving Rodange, in the commune of Pétange, in south-western Luxembourg. It is operated by Chemins de Fer Luxembourgeois, the state-owned railway company.

The station is situated on Line 70, which connects the south-west of the country to Luxembourg City via Dippach-Reckange; at Rodange, the line branches, and connects to both the Belgian town of Athus and the French town of Longwy. It is also the terminus of Line 60, which connects Rodange with Luxembourg City via Esch-sur-Alzette.
Notogomphus kilimandjaricus
Notogomphus kilimandjaricus is a species of dragonfly in the family Gomphidae. It is found in Kenya and Tanzania. Its natural habitats are dry savanna, moist savanna, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, and rivers.

Gomphidae
The Gomphidae are a family of dragonflies commonly referred to as clubtails or club-tailed dragonflies. The family contains about 90 genera and 900 species found across North and South America, Europe, Asia, Australia, and Africa. The name refers to the club-like widening of the end of the abdomen (abdominal segments 7 through 9). However, this club is usually less pronounced in females and is entirely absent in some species.
Fortier River (Bécancour River tributary)
The Fortier River (in French: rivière Fortier) is a tributary of the Bécancour River (via William Lake. It flows in the municipalities of Vianney and Saint-Ferdinand, in the L'Érable Regional County Municipality (MRC), in the administrative region of Centre-du-Québec, in Quebec, in Canada.

L'Érable Regional County Municipality
L'Érable (French pronunciation: [leʁabl], Maple) is a regional county municipality in the Centre-du-Québec region of Quebec, Canada. Named for its maple trees, the area is rural in nature and is located 50 km southwest of Quebec City. Its seat is Plessisville.
Hương Thủy
Hương Thủy was a district-level town (thị xã) of Huế in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam. As of 2020 the town had a population of 95,299. The town covers an area of 426.96 km2 (164.85 sq mi).

This district has five urban wards, Phú Bài, Thủy Châu, Thủy Dương, Thủy Lương and Thủy Phương and five communes, Thủy Phù, Phú Sơn, Dương Hòa, Thủy Tân and Thủy Thanh.

The town is bordered by Phú Lộc District to the east, the city of Huế, the town of Hương Trà and A Lưới District to the west, Nam Đông District to the south, and Phú Vang District to the north.

District-level town
A district-level town (Vietnamese: thị xã) is a former type of second tier subdivision of Vietnam. District-level towns have equal status with urban districts, districts, municipal cities, and provincial cites. Also by virtue of Decree No. 42/2009/ND-CP, towns are officially classified into Class-3 or Class-4.

District-level towns were abolished in 2025 along with other district-level subdivisions.

The towns may only be a capital of a province, but not of a municipality as the second tier subdivision. At the third tier, towns are divided into wards and communes.

Most provincial capitals were once towns, but now most of them have become provincial cities.
Pwnie Awards
The Pwnie Awards recognize both excellence and incompetence in the field of information security. Winners are selected by a committee of security industry professionals from nominations collected from the information security community. Nominees are announced yearly at Summercon, and the awards themselves are presented at the Black Hat Security Conference.

Pwn2Own
Pwn2Own is a computer hacking contest, typically held in conjunction with security conferences like CanSecWest security conference. First held in April 2007 in Vancouver, the contest is now held two to three times a year, most recently in March 2024. Contestants are challenged to exploit widely used software and mobile devices with previously unknown vulnerabilities. Winners of the contest receive the device that they exploited and a cash prize. The Pwn2Own contest serves to demonstrate the vulnerability of devices and software in widespread use while also providing a checkpoint on the progress made in security since the previous year.
Origins of the Ainu
The origins of the Ainu have long been of interest to scholars from Japan, Europe, and the USA. While historically there were inquiries into them being closely related to Europeans, modern analysis shows that they are related to other nearby Asian groups, and originated from local ancestral populations.

Okhotsk culture
The Okhotsk culture is an archaeological coastal fishing and hunter-gatherer culture that developed around the southern coastal regions of the Sea of Okhotsk, including Sakhalin, northeastern Hokkaido, and the Kuril Islands during the last half of the first millennium to the early part of the second. The Okhotsk are often associated to be the ancestors of the Nivkhs, while others argue them to be identified with early Ainu speakers. It is suggested that the bear cult, a practice shared by various Northern Eurasian peoples, the Ainu and the Nivkhs, was an important element of the Okhotsk culture but was uncommon in Jomon period Japan. Archaeological evidence indicates that the Okhotsk culture proper originated in the 5th century AD from the Susuya culture of southern Sakhalin and northwestern Hokkaido.
Arrondissements of the Dordogne department
The 4 arrondissements of the Dordogne department are:

Arrondissement of Bergerac, (subprefecture: Bergerac) with 130 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 102,530 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Nontron, (subprefecture: Nontron) with 94 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 54,127 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Périgueux, (prefecture of the Dordogne department: Périgueux) with 143 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 175,870 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Sarlat-la-Canéda, (subprefecture: Sarlat-la-Canéda) with 136 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 81,203 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Nontron
The arrondissement of Nontron is an arrondissement of France in the Dordogne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It has 94 communes. Its population is 54,127 (2021), and its area is 2,097.7 km2 (809.9 sq mi).
Elkins Act
The Elkins Act is a 1903 United States federal law that amended the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. The Act authorized the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to impose heavy fines on railroads that offered rebates, and upon the shippers that accepted these rebates.  The railroad companies were not permitted to offer rebates. Railroad corporations, their officers, and their employees, were all made liable for discriminatory practices.

Prior to the Elkins Act, the livestock and petroleum industries paid standard rail shipping rates, but then would demand that the railroad company give them rebates. The railroad companies resented being extorted by the commercial and industrial trusts and therefore welcomed passage of the Elkins Act. The law was sponsored by President Theodore Roosevelt as a part of his "Square Deal" domestic program, and greatly boosted his popularity.

Collusion
Collusion is a deceitful agreement or secret cooperation between two or more parties to limit open competition by deceiving, misleading or defrauding others of their legal right. Collusion is not always considered illegal. It can be used to attain objectives forbidden by law; for example, by defrauding or gaining an unfair market advantage. It is an agreement among firms or individuals to divide a market, set prices, limit production or limit opportunities.
It can involve "price or wage fixing, kickbacks, or misrepresenting the independence of the relationship between the colluding parties". In legal terms, all acts effected by collusion are considered void.
Heaven Up Here
Heaven Up Here is the second album by the English post-punk band Echo & the Bunnymen, released on 29 May 1981. In June 1981, Heaven Up Here became Echo & the Bunnymen's first Top 10 release when it reached number 10 on the UK Albums Chart. It was also the band's first entry into the United States album charts when it reached number 184 of the Billboard 200. The songs "A Promise" and "Over the Wall" were released as singles.

Recorded at Rockfield Studios near Monmouth in Wales, Heaven Up Here was co-produced by Hugh Jones and the band. An album generally well received by fans in the United Kingdom and by critics, Heaven Up Here won the "Best Dressed LP" and "Best Album" awards at the 1981 NME Awards. The album has also been listed at number 463 in Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time.

Remaster
A remaster is a change in the sound or image quality of previously created forms of media, whether audiophonic, cinematic, or videographic. The resulting product is said to be remastered. The terms digital remastering and digitally remastered are also used.

In a wider sense, remastering a product may involve other, typically smaller inclusions or changes to the content itself. They tend to be distinguished from remakes, based on the original.
Proportional myoelectric control
Proportional myoelectric control can be used to (among other purposes) activate robotic lower limb exoskeletons. A proportional myoelectric control system utilizes a microcontroller or computer that inputs electromyography (EMG) signals from sensors on the leg muscle(s) and then activates the corresponding joint actuator(s) proportionally to the EMG signal.

Torque
In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational correspondent of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment of force, or simply the moment. Just as a linear force is a push or a pull applied to a body, a torque can be thought of as a twist applied to an object with respect to a chosen axis. For example, driving a screw uses torque to force it into an object. The torque is applied by the screwdriver, rotating around its axis, to the drive on the head of the screw.

Torque is generally referred to using different vocabulary depending on geographical location and field of study, with torque generally being associated with physics and moment being associated with engineering. This article follows the definition used in US physics in its usage of the word torque.

Torque is typically represented mathematically using  the lowercase Greek letter tau (). When being referred to as moment of force, it is commonly denoted by M.
Midnight's Children
Midnight's Children is the second novel by Indian-British writer Salman Rushdie, published in 1981 by Jonathan Cape with cover design by Bill Botten, about India's transition from British colonial rule to independence and partition. It is a postcolonial, postmodern and magical realist story told by its chief protagonist, Saleem Sinai, set in the context of historical events. The style of preserving history with fictional accounts is self-reflexive.

Midnight's Children sold over one million copies in the UK alone and won the Booker Prize and James Tait Black Memorial Prize in 1981. It was also awarded the special Booker of Bookers prize in 1993, and the Best of the Booker in 2008, to celebrate the Booker Prize's 25th and 40th anniversaries. In 2003 the novel appeared at number 100 on the BBC's The Big Read poll which determined the UK's "best-loved novels" of all time.

Jonathan Cape
Jonathan Cape is a British publishing firm headquartered in London and founded in 1921 by Herbert Jonathan Cape, who was head of the firm until his death in 1960.

Cape and his business partner Wren Howard (1893–1968) set up the publishing house in 1921. They established a reputation for high-quality design and production and a fine list of English-language authors, fostered by the firm's editor and reader Edward Garnett. Cape's list of writers ranged from poets including Robert Frost and C. Day Lewis, to children's authors such as Roald Dahl, Hugh Lofting and Arthur Ransome, to James Bond novels by Ian Fleming, to heavyweight fiction by James Joyce and T. E. Lawrence.

After Cape's death, the firm later merged successively with three other London publishing houses. In 1987 it was taken over by Random House. Its name continues as one of Random House's British imprints.
Flores Sea
The Flores Sea is a body of water bounded on the north by the Indonesian island of Sulawesi and on the south by the Sunda Islands of Flores and Sumbawa. It covers an area of 121,000 square kilometres (47,000 sq mi).

Sunda Islands
The Sunda Islands (Indonesian: Kepulauan Sunda; Tetun: Illa Sunda) are a group of islands in the Nusantara (Indonesian Archipelago). They consist of the Greater Sunda Islands and the Lesser Sunda Islands.