hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Great Hippocampus Question
The Great Hippocampus Question was a 19th-century scientific controversy about the anatomy of ape and human uniqueness. The dispute between Thomas Henry Huxley and Richard Owen became central to the scientific debate on human evolution that followed Charles Darwin's publication of On the Origin of Species. The name comes from the title of a satire the Reverend Charles Kingsley wrote about the arguments, which in modified form appeared as "the great hippopotamus test" in Kingsley's 1863 book for children, The Water-Babies, A Fairy Tale for a Land Baby. Together with other humorous skits on the topic, this helped to spread and popularise Darwin's ideas on evolution.

The key point that Owen asserted was that only humans had part of the brain then known as the hippocampus minor (now called the calcar avis), and that this gave us our unique abilities.  Careful dissection eventually showed that apes and monkeys also have a hippocampus minor.

George Rolleston
George Rolleston FRCP FRS (30 July 1829 – 16 June 1881) was an English physician and zoologist. He was the first Linacre Professor of Anatomy and Physiology to be appointed at the University of Oxford, a post he held from 1860 until his death in 1881. Rolleston, a friend and protégé of Thomas Henry Huxley, was an evolutionary biologist.
Zero Project
The Zero Project is a non-profit based in Vienna, Austria, which focuses on researching and sharing innovative solutions that support the rights of people with disabilities globally. Zero Project publishes an annual report of innovative solutions for persons with disabilities, holds  an accessible conference annually to share these solutions, and partners with other organizations to support innovators in scaling up their solutions globally.

United Nations Office at Vienna
The United Nations Office at Vienna (UNOV, German: Büro der Vereinten Nationen in Wien) is one of the four major office sites of the United Nations where numerous different UN agencies have a joint presence. UNOV was established on 1 January 1980, and was the third such complex to be created.

The office complex is located in Vienna, the capital of Austria, and is part of the Vienna International Centre, a cluster of several major international organizations also informally called "UNO city".
Hrozava
Hrozava (Belarusian: Грозава; Russian: Грозово, romanized: Grozovo), also known as Hrozaw (Belarusian: Грозаў, romanized: Hrozaŭ), is an agrotown in Kapyl District, Minsk Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Hrozava rural council.  It is located 18 kilometres (11 mi) from Kapyl and 102 kilometres (63 mi) from the capital Minsk. In 1997, it had a population of 481. In 2010, it had a population of 427.

Kapyl district
Kapyl district or Kapyĺ district (Belarusian: Капыльскі раён; Russian: Копыльский район) is a district (raion) of Minsk region in Belarus. Its administrative center is Kapyl. As of 2024, it has a population of 26,533.
Triathlon at the 2019 Pan American Games – Women's
The women's individual competition of the triathlon events at the 2019 Pan American Games was held on July 27 at the Agua Dulce in Lima, Peru. The defending Pan American Games champion is Bárbara Riveros of Chile.

The Pan American Games triathlon contains three components; a 1.5 km (0.93 mi) swim, 40 km (25 mi) cycle, and a 8.88 km (5.52 mi) run.

Triathlon at the 2019 Pan American Games
Triathlon competitions at the 2019 Pan American Games in Lima, Peru are scheduled to be held between July 27 and 29, 2019 at Chorrillos Beach.

In 2016, the International Olympic Committee made several changes to its sports program, which were subsequently implemented for these games. Included in this was the addition of the triathlon mixed relay event.
Chesu language
Chesu 车苏 is a Loloish language spoken in southern Shuangbai County, northern Xinping County, and Eshan County in Yunnan, China.

The Chesu refer to themselves as tsu su³³pa²¹ or tɕi²¹su⁵⁵pho²¹ (Jishupo 吉输颇). Yunnan (1955) reports that Chesu is spoken mostly in Taihe Township 太和乡, with a population of over 360 as of 1955. Ethnologue reports 3,300 Chesu speakers out of an ethnic population of 6,600 people, as of 2007.

Bradley (2007) reports that Chesu is closely related to Nasu and classifies it as a Nasoid language. Chesu speakers consider themselves to be a separate ethnic group from the surrounding Nisu speakers. The Chesu language is currently being replaced by Nisu and Chinese.

Chesu is also used as a second language by Hlersu speakers.

Loloish languages
The Loloish languages, also known as Yi (like the Yi people) and occasionally Ngwi or Nisoic, are a sub-branch of 50–100 Tibeto-Burman languages spoken primarily in the Yunnan province of Southwestern China. They are most closely related to Burmese and its relatives. Both the Loloish and Burmish branches are well defined, as is their superior node, Lolo-Burmese. However, sub-classification is more contentious.

The 2013 edition of Ethnologue  estimated a total number of 9 million native speakers of Loloish ("Ngwi") languages, the largest group being the speakers of Nuosu (Northern Yi) at 2 million speakers.
Pushinka
Pushinka (Russian: Пушинка, lit. 'Fluffy') was a dog given by the Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev to the President of the United States, John F. Kennedy, in 1961. Pushinka was the daughter of Strelka, who had travelled into space aboard Korabl-Sputnik 2.

Pushinka arrived at the Kennedy White House after Jacqueline Kennedy had spoken to Khrushchev about Strelka at a state dinner in Vienna. Mrs. Kennedy asked about Strelka's puppies, and one was subsequently sent by Khrushchev to the White House. Pushinka was examined by the Central Intelligence Agency at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center over fears that she might be concealing an implanted listening device. Pushinka was x-rayed, screened with a magnetometer, and inspected by sonogram. She was found to be free of subversive devices.

The White House electrician and kennel manager, Traphes Bryant, trained Pushinka with peanuts to climb up a ladder to Caroline Kennedy's playhouse and slide down the other side.

Soviet space dogs
During the 1950s and 1960s the Soviet space program used dogs for sub-orbital and orbital space flights to determine whether human spaceflight was feasible. The Soviet space program typically used female dogs due to their anatomical compatibility with the spacesuit. Similarly, they used mix-breed dogs due to their apparent hardiness.

In this period, the Soviet Union launched missions with passenger slots for at least 57 dogs. Some dogs flew more than once. Most survived; those that died were lost mostly through technical failures, according to the parameters of the test. Laika was an exception and was expected to die during her Earth-orbiting 3 November 1957 Sputnik 2.
Graeme Clark (doctor)
Graeme Milbourne Clark AC FRS  FAA FRACS (born 16 August 1935) is an  Australian Professor of Otolaryngology at the University of Melbourne.  He has worked in ENT surgery, electronics and speech science, and contributed towards the development of the multiple-channel cochlear implant. His invention was later marketed by Cochlear Limited.

Ingeborg Hochmair
Ingeborg J. Hochmair-Desoyer (born 1953) is an Austrian electrical engineer and the CEO and CTO of hearing implant company MED-EL. Dr Hochmair and her husband Prof. Erwin Hochmair co-created the first micro-electronic multi-channel cochlear implant in the world. She received the Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award for her contributions towards the development of the modern cochlear implant. She also received the 2015 Russ Prize for bioengineering.

In 1989, she co-founded the medical device company MED-EL.
Cedar hemlock douglas-fir forest
Cedar hemlock douglas-fir forest is a vegetation association in California, United States. This is one of the Kuchler system forest types used to classify California plant communities. As the name implies, dominant tree types are Incense cedar, Western Hemlock and Douglas fir. The forest type is classified as part of FRES20 in the Forest-Range Environmental Study Ecosystems classification, and K-2 Kuchler system. Understory flora associates include Toyon and Western poison oak.

Tsuga heterophylla
Tsuga heterophylla, the western hemlock or western hemlock-spruce, is a species of hemlock. It typically grows to 70 metres (230 feet) tall and is long-lived at high elevations. Native to the northwest coast of North America, it is a source of timber, tannin, and edible cambium.
Stobo Kirk
Stobo Kirk is an ancient church of the Church of Scotland. It is dedicated to St Mungo and is situated near the B712 off the A72 just 6 miles south-west of Peebles in the ancient county of Peeblesshire, now part of the Scottish Borders Council area. It stands near the confluence of the River Tweed with the Easton Burn.

Drumelzier
Drumelzier (/drəˈmɛljər/), is a village and civil parish on the B712 in the Tweed Valley in the Scottish Borders.

The area of the village is extensive and includes the settlements of Wrae, Stanhope, Mossfennan and Kingledoors. To the north is Broughton and to the south the road passes Crook Inn to Tweedsmuir. Powsail Burn (also called Drumelzier Burn) runs through Drumelzier to become a tributary of the River Tweed. Stobo Castle hotel and health spa are in the area, as is Dawyck Botanic Garden, one of three "Regional Gardens" of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.
DC/OSx
DC/OSx (DataCenter/OSx) is a discontinued Unix operating system for MIPS based systems developed by Pyramid Technology in 1989. It ran on its Nile series of SMP machines and was a port of AT&T System V Release 4 (SVR4). In 1995, Pyramid Technology was acquired by Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme (SNI), and DC/OSx was superseded by the SINIX operating system.

Siemens Nixdorf
Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme (SNI) AG  was formed in 1990 by the merger of Nixdorf Computer and the Data Information Services (DIS) division of Siemens.

It functioned as a separate company within Siemens.

It was the largest information technology company in Europe until 1999, when it was split into two: Fujitsu Siemens Computers and Wincor Nixdorf. Wincor Nixdorf took over all banking and retail related business.
Canadian detainees at Guantanamo Bay
The United States Department of Defense acknowledges holding two Canadian captives in Guantanamo, two teenage brothers, Abdurahman Khadr and Omar Khadr.
A total of 778 captives have been held in extrajudicial detention in the Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba since the camps opened on January 11, 2002
The camp population peaked in 2004 at approximately 660.  Only nineteen new captives, all "high value detainees" have been transferred there since the United States Supreme Court's ruling in Rasul v. Bush.  In January 2008 there were approximately 285 detainees.

Abdurahman Khadr
Abdurahman Ahmed Said Khadr (Arabic: عبد الرحمن أحمد سعيد خضر, ʿAbd ar-Raḥman Ḫaḍr; born 1982) is a Canadian citizen who was held as an enemy combatant in extrajudicial detention by the United States at the Guantanamo Bay detainment camps, in Cuba, after being detained in 2002 in Afghanistan under suspicion of connections to Al-Qaeda. He later claimed to have been an informant for the CIA. The agency declined to comment on this when asked for confirmation by the United States' PBS news program Frontline. He was released in the fall of 2003 and ultimately returned to Canada.

He is the third child and second son of Ahmed Khadr, an Egyptian immigrant who was known for ties to al-Qaeda, and his wife Maha el-Samnah, who is Palestinian. His younger brother Omar Khadr was captured by United States forces separately at the age of 15 in Afghanistan in 2002 during a firefight; he was held in Guantanamo for several years but transferred in September 2012 to Canadian custody.
Asael Lubotzky
Asael Lubotzky (Hebrew: עשהאל לובוצקי; born 1983) is an Israeli physician, author, and molecular biologist. Formerly an officer in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), he is a combat veteran of the Second Lebanon War.

Yedioth Ahronoth
Yedioth Ahronoth (Hebrew: יְדִיעוֹת אַחֲרוֹנוֹת, pronounced [jediˈ(ʔ)ot aχ(a)ʁoˈnot] ⓘ; lit. "Latest News") is an Israeli daily mass market newspaper published in Tel Aviv. Founded in 1939, Yedioth Ahronoth is Israel's largest paid newspaper by sales and circulation and has been described as "undoubtedly the country's number-one paper." It is published in the tabloid format.

It is known as centrist, compared to the left-leaning newspaper of record Haaretz and right-leaning, distributed-for-free Israel Hayom newspapers in Israel.
1981 ATP Championship
The 1981 ATP Championship, also known as the Cincinnati Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Lindner Family Tennis Center in Mason, Ohio in the United States that was part of the 1981 Volvo Grand Prix. It was the 80th edition of the tournament and was held from August 17 through August 23, 1981. First-seeded John McEnroe won the singles title.

1981 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1981 Volvo Grand Prix was the only men's professional tennis circuit held that year. It consisted of the four Grand Slam tournaments and the Grand Prix tournaments. The World Championship Tennis (WCT) Tour was incorporated into the Grand Prix circuit. The WCT tour consisted of eight regular tournaments, a season's final, three tournaments categorized as special events and a doubles championship. In total 89 tournaments were held divided over 29 countries. The circuit was administered by the Men's International Professional Tennis Council (MIPTC).
Miguel Santos (footballer)
Miguel José Oliveira Silva Santos (born 21 October 1994) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Veikkausliiga club Jaro.

Santos spent his youth with Benfica, SC Lourel, Belenenses, and Estoril, before spending the 2015–16 season as Benfica B's first-choice goalkeeper. He signed with English club Port Vale for five months in August 2016 before moving on to Eerste Divisie side Fortuna Sittard in January 2017. He helped Fortuna win promotion out of the Eerste Divisie at the end of the 2017–18 season. He signed with Romanian side Astra Giurgiu in August 2018 and was loaned out to Academica Clinceni for the 2019–20 season. He joined the Dutch club Roda in October 2020 and then returned to Portugal to sign for Mafra in July 2021. He moved on to Trofense 12 months later. He joined Cypriot club Olympiakos Nicosia in July 2023. He joined Finnish club Jaro via Anadia in February 2025.

Liga 3 (Portugal)
The Liga 3, also known as Liga 3 Placard for sponsorship reasons, is the third-level football league in the Portuguese football league system, starting in 2021–22. It is a semiprofessional national league organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF).

The creation of this league is part of a restructuring of the Portuguese third tier, with Campeonato de Portugal, which saw the number of teams reduced, being relegated to fourth tier and the top teams competing there advancing to this new competition. In its first season, a total of 24 teams competed in the Liga 3, 2 of which were relegated from 2020–21 Liga Portugal 2 and 22 others which were promoted from 2020–21 Campeonato de Portugal. This number is set to be reduced to 20 teams from the 2023–24 season.
Mallord Street
Mallord Street is a street in London, England in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. It was named after Joseph Mallord William Turner who had lived in Chelsea. There are no other streets named Mallord Street in Great Britain.

Mallord Street is parallel to the King's Road and runs from Old Church Street to The Vale. It was created in 1909 when The Vale was extended northwards, and Mallord Street and Mulberry Street were added to link it with Old Church Street. Renumbering took place in 1924.

Nine of the houses in the street are listed Grade II by Historic England and there have been several notable residents, including the author A. A. Milne and the artist Augustus John.

Old Church Street
Old Church Street is a street in London, England in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea.

It runs from Chelsea Embankment to Fulham Road, crossing Kings Road. The section to the north of Kings Road is sometimes called Upper Old Church Street. At the Chelsea Embankment end is Chelsea Old Church (All Saints) which gives its name to the whole street, the oldest in Chelsea. It was mentioned in 1566, but was called Church Lane at that time.

The recording studios, Sound Techniques, was at 46a Old Church Street from 1964 to 1972. It was here that Nick Drake recorded his first album "Five Leaves Left". Pink Floyd, Sandy Denny, Fairport Convention, Steeleye Span, Pentangle, John Martyn, Beverley Martyn, Richard Thompson, Martin Carthy, Judy Collins, John Cale, The Yardbirds and The Who also recorded here.
2nd federal electoral district of Durango
The 2nd federal electoral district of Durango (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 02 de Durango) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of four such districts in the state of Durango.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the first region.

The current member for the district, elected in the 2024 general election, is Betzabé Martínez Arango. Originally elected for the   Labour Party (PT), she switched allegiance to the National Regeneration Movement (Morena) on 19 September 2024.

Durango
Durango, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Durango, is one of the states which make up the 32 federal entities of Mexico, situated in the northwest portion of the country. With a population of 1,832,650, the 8th lowest of Mexico's states, Durango has Mexico's second-lowest population density, after Baja California Sur. The capital city, Victoria de Durango, is named after the first President of Mexico, Guadalupe Victoria.
Aromata
Aromata (Greek: Αρώματα, lit. "spices, aromatics"), also called the Spice Port, was an ancient seaport and emporium in the Horn of Africa, today a part of Somalia. It lay near the tip of Cape Guardafui, which was itself called the "promontory of spices" (Aromaton akron, Αρώματον ἄκρον). It was notable for its produce of resins and various herbs.

Monumentum Adulitanum
The Monumentum Adulitanum II, so named by Leo Allatius, was an ancient inscription written in Greek, depicting the military campaigns of an anonymous king. The original text was inscribed on a throne in Adulis. Although the inscription has never been discovered by archaeologists, it is known about through the copying of the inscription by Cosmas Indicopleustes, a 6th-century Greek traveler-monk. The text narrates the king's military campaigns in the African continent and in the Arabian peninsula. It is thought to be between 200 and 270 AD.
1999 Sybase Open – Doubles
The 1999 Sybase Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the San Jose Arena in San Jose, California in the United States and was part of the ATP World Series of the 1999 ATP Tour. It was the 110th edition of the tournament ran from February 8 through February 14, 1999.

1999 ATP Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour is the elite professional tennis circuit organised by the ATP. The 1999 ATP Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments, supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF), the ATP Super 9, the ATP Championship Series, the ATP World Series, the ATP World Team Cup, the ATP Tour World Championships and the Grand Slam Cup (organised by the ITF). Also included in the 1999 calendar are the Davis Cup and the Hopman Cup, which do not distribute ranking points, and are both organised by the ITF.

In April 1999 ATP signed a $1.2 billion 10-year-deal with the sports marketing agency ISL Worldwide to promote the sport. The deal gave ISL the commercial rights for the Super-9 tournaments as well as the ATP World Championship. The ATP also introduced a simplified ranking system and made participation in the Super-9 events mandatory for top players.
Silene stenophylla
Silene stenophylla is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae. Commonly called narrow-leafed campion, it is a species in the genus Silene. It grows in the Arctic tundra of far eastern Siberia and the mountains of northern Japan. Frozen samples, estimated via radiocarbon dating to be around 32,000 years old, were discovered in the same area as current living specimens and, in 2012, a team of scientists successfully regenerated a plant from the samples.

Silene
Silene is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae. Containing nearly 900 species, it is the largest genus in the family. Common names include campion and catchfly. Many Silene species are widely distributed, particularly in the northern hemisphere.
2023 Sailing World Championships – Women's Hansa 303
The women's Hansa 303 competition at the 2023 Sailing World Championships was the women's one-person non-technical para event and was held in The Hague, the Netherlands, 11–16 August 2023. The entries were limited to 30 boats. The competitors participated in a series that was planned to 10 races. The last race was planned for 16 August.

2023 Sailing World Championships
The 2023 Sailing World Championships were held in The Hague, the Netherlands, from 8 to 20 August 2023. It was the sixth edition of the Sailing World Championships and the world championships for all disciplines at the next Olympics, and for four para sailing classes. It took place on the waters off Scheveningen and offered the chance to qualify for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France, whose sailing competition were held in Marseille. Para sailing was held on Braassemermeer. Approximately 1,400 sailors were expected.

The venue hosted the 2022 Youth Sailing World Championships.
Mlpy
mlpy is a Python, open-source, machine learning library built on top of NumPy/SciPy, the GNU Scientific Library and it makes an extensive use of the Cython language. mlpy provides a wide range of state-of-the-art machine learning methods for supervised and unsupervised problems and it is aimed at finding a reasonable compromise among modularity, maintainability, reproducibility, usability and efficiency. mlpy is multiplatform, it works with Python 2 and 3 and it is distributed under GPL3.

Suited for general-purpose machine learning tasks, mlpy's motivating application field is bioinformatics, i.e. the analysis of high throughput omics data.

SciPy
SciPy (pronounced /ˈsaɪpaɪ/ "sigh pie") is a free and open-source Python library used for scientific computing and technical computing.

SciPy contains modules for optimization, linear algebra, integration, interpolation, special functions, fast Fourier transform, signal and image processing, ordinary differential equation solvers and other tasks common in science and engineering.

SciPy is also a family of conferences for users and developers of these tools: SciPy (in the United States), EuroSciPy (in Europe) and SciPy.in (in India). Enthought originated the SciPy conference in the United States and continues to sponsor many of the international conferences as well as host the SciPy website.

The SciPy library is currently distributed under the BSD license, and its development is sponsored and supported by an open community of developers. It is also supported by NumFOCUS, a community foundation for supporting reproducible and accessible science.