hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Basic affine jump diffusion
In mathematics probability theory, a basic affine jump diffusion (basic AJD) is a stochastic process Z of the form

where  is a standard Brownian motion, and  is an independent compound Poisson process with constant jump intensity  and independent exponentially distributed jumps with mean . For the process to be well defined, it is necessary that  and . A basic AJD is a special case of an affine process and of a jump diffusion. On the other hand, the Cox–Ingersoll–Ross (CIR) process is a special case of a basic AJD.

Basic AJDs are attractive for modeling default times in credit risk applications, since both the moment generating function

and the characteristic function

are known in closed form.

The characteristic function allows one to calculate the density of an integrated basic AJD

by Fourier inversion, which can be done efficiently using the FFT.

Jump diffusion
Jump diffusion is a stochastic process that involves jumps and diffusion. It is a type of Lévy process. It has important applications in magnetic reconnection, coronal mass ejections, condensed matter physics, and pattern theory and computational vision.
Leptolebias marmoratus
Leptolebias marmoratus, the marbled pearlfish, annual tropical killifish or ginger pearlfish, is a species of killifish in the family Rivulidae. This threatened species is found in temporary channels within dense Atlantic rainforest, in the floodplains of rivers draining into the Baía de Guanabara, near the city of Rio de Janeiro in southeastern Brazil. It reaches up to 3 cm (1.2 in) in total length.

This species may be the only member of its genus, the inclusion of several others made Leptolebias paraphyletic, according to some workers. To avoid this, some authorities moved the other species to Leptopanchax, Mucurilebias and Notholebias.

Leptopanchax
Leptopanchax is a genus of small fish, up to 5 cm (2.0 in) long, in the family Rivulidae. They are found in southeastern Brazil from Paraná to Rio de Janeiro. Depending on the exact species, they inhabit small seasonal channels in the Atlantic rainforest or temporary pools in open habitats. Several Leptopanchax species are very rare and L. sanguineus is possibly extinct.
Oedipina pacificensis
Oedipina pacificensis is a species of worm salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is found on the Pacific slope of southwestern Costa Rica and adjacent Panama. it is morphologically indistinguishable from O. gracilis and O. uniformis, but is genetically clearly distinct.

Oedipina
Oedipina is a genus of salamanders in the family Plethodontidae (lungless salamanders). They achieve respiration through the skin and the tissues lining the mouth. Species of Oedipina are native to Honduras, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Mexico.  Their common name, worm salamanders, derives from the species' extraordinarily slender form with tiny limbs and digits. The genus was originally named Oedipus, but was renamed because the name Oedipus was already occupied.: 157
Spitzkofel
Spitzkofel (2,717 m) is a mountain of the Lienz Dolomites in East Tyrol, Austria.

The local mountain for the village of Leisach in the Lienz District, Spitzkofel is the most rugged peak of the Lienz Dolomites. It was probably first claimed in 1798 and is still a popular hiking peak, with excellent views from its summit towards the main town of Lienz, across the Lienz Dolomites, Austria's highest peak Großglockner, Großvenediger and the Carnic Alps.

Grossglockner
The Großglockner (German: Großglockner [ˈɡroːsˌɡlɔknɐ] ⓘ), or just Glockner, is, at 3,798 metres above the Adriatic (12,461 ft), the highest mountain in Austria and highest mountain in the Alps east of the Brenner Pass. It is part of the larger Glockner Group of the Hohe Tauern range, situated along the main ridge of the Central Eastern Alps and the Alpine divide. The Pasterze, Austria's most extended glacier, lies on the Grossglockner's eastern slope.

The characteristic pyramid-shaped peak actually consists of two pinnacles, the Großglockner and the Kleinglockner (3,770 m or 12,370 ft, from German: groß 'big', klein 'small'), separated by the Glocknerscharte col.
Buckholm
Buckholm is a farm near to the A7, in the Scottish Borders, Galashiels area of Scotland.

Places nearby include Abbotsford, the Bow Castle Broch, Clovenfords,  Darnick, Eildon, the Gala Water, the Lugate Water, and Stow.

Buckholm Tower was built in 1582 by the Pringle family and is at the foot of Buckholm Hill.

Clovenfords
Clovenfords is a village in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland, 1 mile (2 kilometres) north of the hamlet of Caddonfoot and 4 miles (6 kilometres) west of the town Galashiels. The village sits on undulating grasslands and surrounding rolling hills. The 2011 census gave it a population count of 562 people.
Transcription into Chinese characters
Transcription into Chinese characters is the use of traditional or simplified Chinese characters to phonetically transcribe the sound of terms and names of foreign words to the Chinese language. Transcription is distinct from translation into Chinese whereby the meaning of a foreign word is communicated in Chinese. Since English classes are now standard in most secondary schools, it is increasingly common to see foreign names and terms left in their original form in Chinese texts. However, for mass media and marketing within China and for non-European languages, particularly those of the Chinese minorities, transcription into characters remains very common.

Except for a handful of traditional exceptions, most modern transcription in mainland China uses the standardized Mandarin pronunciations exclusively.

Khitan language
Khitan or Kitan ( in large script or  in small, Khitai; Chinese: 契丹語, Qìdānyǔ), also known as Liao, is an extinct language once spoken in Northeast Asia by the Khitan people (4th to 13th century CE). It was the official language of the Liao Empire (907–1125) and the Qara Khitai (1124–1218). Owing to a narrow corpus of known words and a partially undeciphered script, the language has yet to be completely reconstructed.
Second Baptist Church (Los Angeles)
Second Baptist Church is a Baptist Church located in South Los Angeles, California.  The current Lombardy Romanesque Revival building was built in 1926 and has been listed as a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument (1978) and on the National Register of Historic Places (2009).  The church has been an important force in the Civil Rights Movement, hosting national conventions of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored Persons ("NAACP") in 1928, 1942, and 1949, and also serving as the site of important speeches by Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, and others. It is affiliated with the American Baptist Churches USA and the Progressive National Baptist Convention.

South Los Angeles
South Los Angeles is an urban region in southwestern Los Angeles County, California, United States, lying mostly within the city limits of Los Angeles, south of downtown.
It is defined on Los Angeles city maps as a 16-square-mile (41 km2) rectangle. In 2003, the Los Angeles City Council renamed the area from South Central Los Angeles to its current name.

The name South Los Angeles can also refer to a larger 51-square-mile (130 km2) region that includes areas within the city limits of Los Angeles as well as five unincorporated areas in the southern portion of Los Angeles County.
Darin Erstad
Darin Charles Erstad (/ˈdærən ˈɜːrstæt/; born June 4, 1974) is an American former professional baseball player and former head coach of the Nebraska Cornhuskers. Erstad spent most of his playing career with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim franchise (1996–2006) before signing with the Chicago White Sox in 2007. Erstad batted and threw left-handed. He was a two-time MLB All-Star and a three-time Gold Glove Award winner. He was the first overall pick in the 1995 Major League Baseball draft.

Punter (gridiron football)
A punter in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts (kicks) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage. This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football. Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations, when they throw or run the football to get a first down instead of punting.
Andrea Prat
Andrea Prat (born 1967) is an Italian economist. He is the Richard Paul Richman Professor of Business and professor of economics at Columbia University. He first studied economics at the University of Turin and then obtained his PhD in 1997 at Stanford University under the supervision of Kenneth Arrow. Prat has also taught at the London School of Economics and at Tilburg University.

He served as chairman and managing editor of the Review of Economic Studies and as an associate editor of Theoretical Economics. He is the editor-in-chief of The Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization. Prat is a Fellow of the British Academy and of the Econometric Society. He is a corresponding fellow of the Accademia delle Scienze. In 2020, he received an honorary doctorate from the University of St. Gallen.

Kenneth Arrow
Kenneth Joseph Arrow (August 23, 1921 – February 21, 2017) was an American economist, mathematician and political theorist. He received the John Bates Clark Medal in 1957, and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1972, along with John Hicks.

In economics, Arrow was a major figure in postwar neoclassical economic theory. Four of his students (Roger Myerson, Eric Maskin, John Harsanyi, and Michael Spence) went on to become Nobel laureates themselves. His contributions to social choice theory, notably his "impossibility theorem", and his work on general equilibrium analysis are significant. His work in many other areas of economics, including endogenous growth theory and the economics of information, was also foundational.
阝
阝 (Kangxi radical 163 & 170) is a component used in Chinese characters. It serves as the combining form of two distinct radicals, distinguished by whether it is on the left or right of a character. It is the combining form of Radical 170 (阜) when used on the left of a character, as in 阪, and of Radical 163 (邑) when used on the right of a character, as in 部.

In Unicode, ⻖ (U+2ED6) is listed as CJK RADICAL MOUND TWO (meaning 阜 - left) and ⻏ (U+2ECF) is listed as CJK RADICAL CITY (meaning 邑 - right). Most, but not all, fonts render them as almost identical. 阝 (U+961D), listed as CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-961D, is usually used to represent both.

Radical 170
Radical 170 or radical mound (阜部) meaning "mound" or "dam" is one of the 9 Kangxi radicals (214 radicals in total) composed of 8 strokes. This radical character transforms into 阝 (counted as 3 strokes in Traditional Chinese, 2 strokes in Simplified Chinese) when used as a left component (Not to be confused with 阝 on the right derived from 邑).

In the Kangxi Dictionary, there are 348 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.

阜 is also the 175th indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China, with 阝 (left) listed as its associated indexing component.
Eucalyptus decipiens
Eucalyptus decipiens, commonly known as redheart or redheart moit is a species of mallee or small tree that is endemic to Western Australia. It has varying amounts of rough, imperfectly shed ribbons of brownish bark and smooth whitish to grey bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between eleven and twenty one, and conical to flattened hemispherical fruit.

Mallee (habit)
Mallee are trees or shrubs, mainly certain species of eucalypts, which grow with multiple stems springing from an underground lignotuber or xylopodium, usually to a height of no more than 10 m (33 ft). The term is widely used for trees with this  growth habit across southern Australia, in the states of Western Australia, South Australia, New South Wales and Victoria, and has given rise to other uses of the term, including the ecosystems where such trees predominate, specific geographic areas within some of the states and as part of various species' names.
Rutan VariViggen
The Rutan VariViggen is a homebuilt aircraft designed by Burt Rutan.  The aircraft is a tandem two-seater of primarily wooden construction with a delta wing and a canard foreplane. The VariViggen is powered by a 150 hp Lycoming O-320 aero engine in pusher configuration. The prototype was designated Model 27, and the production version was Model 32.

Delta wing
A delta wing is a wing shaped in the form of a triangle. It is named for its similarity in shape to the Greek uppercase letter delta (Δ).

Although long studied, the delta wing did not find significant practical applications until the Jet Age, when it proved suitable for high-speed subsonic and supersonic flight. At the other end of the speed scale, the Rogallo flexible wing proved a practical design for the hang glider and other ultralight aircraft. The delta wing form has unique aerodynamic characteristics and structural advantages. Many design variations have evolved over the years, with and without additional stabilising surfaces.
Boscoreale
Boscoreale (Italian: [ˌbɔskoreˈaːle]; Neapolitan: Vuoscoriale; "Royal Grove") is an Italian comune (municipality) and town in the Metropolitan City of Naples, Campania, with a population of 25,939 in 2022. Located in the Vesuvius National Park, under the slopes of Mount Vesuvius, it is known for the fruit and vineyards of Lacryma Christi del Vesuvio. There is also a fine Vesuvian lava stone production.

Lacryma Christi
Lacryma Christi (Latin for ''Christ's tear'') or Lachryma Christi of Vesuvius is a Neapolitan type of wine produced on the slopes of Mount Vesuvius in Campania, Italy. White Lacryma Christi is made mainly from Verdeca and Coda di Volpe grapes, with smaller proportions of Falanghina, Caprettone and Greco di Tufo included. Red Lacryma Christi is made from Piedirosso and Sciascinoso grapes. It is also, as archaeologists have discovered, the nearest equivalent to wine drunk by the Ancient Romans, having analysed microscopic residue left on the taps of the casks.
2017 Belarusian Super Cup
The 2017 Belarusian Super Cup was held on 11 March 2017 between the 2016 Belarusian Premier League champions BATE Borisov and the 2015–16 Belarusian Cup winners Torpedo-BelAZ Zhodino. BATE won the match 3–1 and won the trophy for the seventh time. This was the fifth time in a row that BATE won the trophy.

Belarusian Super Cup
The Belarusian Super Cup (Belarusian: Суперкубак Беларусі, romanized: Superkubak Belarusi) is an annual one-match association football competition in Belarus organized by the Football Federation of Belarus. This competition serves as the season opener and is played between the Belarusian Premier League Champions and the Belarusian Cup Winners of the previous season. If a single team holds both titles, the Cup runners-up are invited. The match usually played in late February or early March each year.
Old Garrard County Jail
The Old Garrard County Jail is a historic Italianate-style building in Lancaster, Kentucky that was added to the United States National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

It is a two-story four bay building.  It has been deemed a "Good example of Italianate style."

It was used as the county jail from 1873 to 1986.  The building is currently used as a museum known as the Garrard County Jail Museum. Visitors can view the cells, a display commemorating USS Garrard, and local historic and military memorabilia.

Lancaster, Kentucky
Lancaster locally /ˈlæŋkəstər/ is a home rule-class city in Garrard County, Kentucky, in the United States. It is the seat of its county. As of the year 2020 U.S. census, the city population was 3,901.

Located south of Lexington, Lancaster is the site of the Kennedy House, sometimes said to have been the setting for Uncle Tom's Cabin.   The Civil War training base Camp Dick Robinson was located nearby.
Lists of replicas
This is a list of lists of replicas of various specific objects.

List of Eiffel Tower replicas

Independence Hall replicas

Replicas of the Jewish Temple

Replicas of Michelangelo's David

Replicas of Michelangelo's Pietà

Mona Lisa replicas and reinterpretations

List of replicas of Noah's Ark

770 Eastern Parkway replicas

Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

Stonehenge replicas and derivatives

Replicas of the White House

770 Eastern Parkway replicas
770 Eastern Parkway is the most copied Jewish building in the world, with over 50 replicas based on the original building in New York City. Chabad-Lubavitch Chassidim all over the world have built replicas or near-replicas of the building, serving has Chabad Houses, synagogues, mikvas, and even a restaurant and private residences.
Trinity Catholic High School (Massachusetts)
Trinity Catholic High School was a Roman Catholic high school in Newton, Massachusetts.  It was located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston.
The school was a co-educational and college preparatory school founded in 1894.  The school shut down in 2012, at which point the building that housed its functions was taken over by Cambridge Education Group and established as CATS Academy, a private non-religious school, catering mostly to international students.

Archdiocese of Boston
The Archdiocese of Boston (Latin: Archidiœcesis Bostoniensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in eastern Massachusetts in the United States. Its mother church is the Cathedral of the Holy Cross in Boston.

The Diocese of Boston was erected in 1808, branching off from the Diocese of Baltimore. It grew rapidly during the 19th century; today it is the fourth largest archdiocese in the United States. Starting in 2002, the archdiocese faced a sexual abuse scandal which touched off investigations of Catholic Church sexual abuse cases throughout the United States. Richard G. Henning is the archbishop.
Pussihukat
Pussihukat is a basketball club in Finland, based in Vantaa. The club's got over 400 members, it includes men's, women's, juniors, and special needs teams. The women's team has won the Finnish championship twice, and the men's team has won silver and bronze medals during the 2000s. Pussihukat is playing in the Energia Areena, since it moved into the brand new stadium in January 2007. The men's team currently plays in the "First Division", the second division of Finland.

Energia Areena
Energia Areena is a multifunctional indoor arena in the Myyrmäki Sports Park, located in the Myyrmäki district of Vantaa, Finland. The arena gets its name from its largest sponsor, the energy company Vantaan Energia.
Florida Department of Environmental Regulation
The Florida Department of Environmental Regulation (DER) was the agency which, from the mid-1970s to the mid-1990s, handled regulation, management, conservation, compliance and enforcement of a wide range of environmental and natural resource activities in the state of Florida, United States. Prior to that time, these activities were functions of the Florida Department of Health and of the Florida Department of Pollution Control. DER has now been merged with the Florida Department of Natural Resources to form the Florida Department of Environmental Protection.

It performed a regulatory role, relying on air and water quality standards and waste management regulations. It was specifically tasked with the goals of:

keeping Florida's waters clean

keeping Florida's air clear of pollutants

keeping Florida's land free from contamination

Florida Department of Health
The Florida Department of Health is responsible for protecting the public health and safety of the residents and visitors of the state of Florida. It is a cabinet-level agency of the state government, headed by a state surgeon general who reports to the governor. The department has its headquarters in Tallahassee.
Ella Eronen
Ella Eronen (29 January 1900 — 9 October 1987) was a Finnish actor and poetic reciter, and one of the country's leading actresses of the 20th century, especially of the 1930s through to 1950s. She was variously known as Diiva ('The Diva'), La Ella and Ella Suuri ('Ella the Great'). The noted Finnish theatre and film critic Jukka Kajava called her "possibly Finland's most legendary theatre actor".

Åbo Svenska Teater
Åbo Svenska Teater (Finnish: Turun ruotsalainen teatteri) is a Finland-Swedish theatre in the city of Turku in Finland and the oldest theatre in the country, founded in 1839. The building itself is also the oldest still functioning theatre house in Finland. The name means "The Swedish theatre of Åbo"; Åbo is the Swedish name of Turku.
Paget baronets
There have been three baronetcies created for persons with the surname Paget, all in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. A fourth created for the Bayly family in the Baronetage of Ireland is now held by the Paget family. Three of the creations are extant.

Marquess of Anglesey
Marquess of Anglesey is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1815 for Henry Paget, 2nd Earl of Uxbridge, a hero of the Battle of Waterloo, second in command to the Duke of Wellington. The Marquess holds the subsidiary titles of Earl of Uxbridge, in the County of Middlesex, in the Peerage of Great Britain (1784), Baron Paget, de Beaudesert, in the Peerage of England (1553). He is also an Irish Baronet, of Plas Newydd in the County of Anglesey and of Mount Bagenall in the County of Louth.

The 8th Marquess carried the standard of Wales at the 2023 Coronation.

The family seat now is Plas Newydd, at Llanddaniel Fab, Anglesey. Most recent marquesses are buried at St Edwen's Church, Llanedwen, built and maintained by the Marquess. The former family seat was Beaudesert, near Cannock Chase, Staffordshire.
2024 Iowa Corn 350
The 2024 Iowa Corn 350 was a NASCAR Cup Series race held on June 16, 2024, at Iowa Speedway in Newton, Iowa. Contested over 350 laps on the 0.875-mile (1.408 km) D-shaped oval, it was the 17th race of the 2024 NASCAR Cup Series season. Ryan Blaney won the race. William Byron finished 2nd, and Chase Elliott finished 3rd. Christopher Bell and Ricky Stenhouse Jr. rounded out the top five, and Joey Logano, Josh Berry, Alex Bowman, Daniel Suárez, and Brad Keselowski rounded out the top ten.

The repaved inside turns caused serious tire issues.

Iowa Corn 350
The Iowa Corn 350 (officially known as the Iowa Corn 350 powered by Ethanol) is a NASCAR Cup Series stock car race held at Iowa Speedway in Newton, Iowa. It was NASCAR Cup Series' first race at Iowa Speedway and first race in the state of Iowa.

William Byron is the defending race winner, having won it in 2025.
Girl, Stop Apologizing
Girl, Stop Apologizing: A Shame-Free Plan for Embracing and Achieving Your Goals is a self-help book by American author Rachel Hollis. It follows her 2018 best-seller Girl, Wash Your Face. It was both a Publishers Weekly and New York Times best-seller.

Self-help book
A self-help book is a book or text that is written with the intention to instruct its readers how to solve their personal problems. They take their name from Self-Help, an 1859 best-selling book by Samuel Smiles, but are sometimes known and classified as "self-improvement" books and media. Self-help books moved from a position in a niche market to much wider adoption and use in the late twentieth century.