hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
North Macedonia–Russia relations
North Macedonia–Russia relations (Macedonian: Македонско-руски односи, Russian: Российско-македонские отношения) are the bilateral relations between the Republic of North Macedonia and the Russian Federation. North Macedonia has an embassy in Moscow and a consulate in Saint Petersburg, while Russia has an embassy in Skopje and an honorary consulate in Ohrid. The ambassador of North Macedonia in Moscow is Nenad Kolev (as of April 2023), while the Russian ambassador in Skopje is Dmitry Zykov (as of December 2025). A Russian honorary consulate was opened in Bitola on May 22, 2002, but permission for it to operate was subsequently revoked by the North Macedonia government on June 1, 2022.

North Macedonia–NATO relations
North Macedonia is a member state of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). In 1995, the country joined the Partnership for Peace. It then began taking part in various NATO missions, including the International Security Assistance Force and the Resolute Support Mission in Afghanistan. At the 2008 Bucharest summit, Greece vetoed the country's invitation to join; however, NATO member states agreed that the country would receive an invitation upon resolution of the Macedonia naming dispute. Following an agreement in June 2018 to rename the country, representatives of NATO member states signed a protocol on the accession of North Macedonia to NATO on 6 February 2019. Over the next thirteen months, all of NATO's 29 member states ratified the protocol. The accession protocol entered into force on 19 March 2020, allowing North Macedonia to deposit its instrument of accession and thereby become NATO's 30th member state on 27 March 2020.
Steinau an der Straße
Steinau an der Straße (German pronunciation: [ˈʃtaɪnaʊ ʔan deːɐ̯ ˈʃtʁaːsə], lit. 'Steinau on the Route') is a town of around 10,000 inhabitants in the Main-Kinzig district, in Hesse, Germany. It is situated on the river Kinzig, 32 kilometres (20 mi) southwest of Fulda. The name Steinau refers to stones in the river; an der Straße, meaning on the road, refers to the historic trade route Via Regia from Leipzig to Frankfurt on which it was located. Steinau is best known for the Brothers Grimm who spent part of their childhood here.

Main-Kinzig-Kreis
Main-Kinzig-Kreis is a Kreis (district) in the east of Hesse, Germany. Neighboring districts are Wetteraukreis, Vogelsbergkreis, Fulda, Bad Kissingen in Hesse and Main-Spessart and Aschaffenburg in Bavaria. The district-free cities of Offenbach, Frankfurt, and Hanau (since 2026) also border the district.
2010 Internationaux de Nouvelle-Calédonie
The 2010 Internationaux de Nouvelle-Calédonie was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was part of the 2010 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Nouméa, New Caledonia between 3 and 10 January 2010.

2010 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2010 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprises 13 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and approximately 150 regular series tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
CAPOS syndrome
CAPOS syndrome is a rare genetic neurological disorder which is characterized by abnormalities of the feet, eyes and brain which affect their normal function. These symptoms occur episodically when a fever-related infection is present within the body.  The name is an acronym for "cerebellar ataxia, areflexia, pes cavus, optic atrophy, and sensorineural hearing loss".

Optic neuropathy
Optic neuropathy is damage to the optic nerve from any cause. The optic nerve is a bundle of millions of fibers in the retina that sends visual signals to the brain.

Damage and death of these nerve cells, or neurons, leads to characteristic features of optic neuropathy. The main symptom is loss of vision, with colors appearing subtly washed out in the affected eye. A pale disc is characteristic of long-standing optic neuropathy. In many cases, only one eye is affected and a person may not be aware of the loss of color vision until the examiner asks them to cover the healthy eye.

Optic neuropathy is often called optic atrophy, to describe the loss of some or most of the fibers of the optic nerve.
Fixed point (mathematics)
In mathematics, a fixed point (sometimes shortened to fixpoint), also known as an invariant point, is a value that does not change under a given transformation. Specifically, for functions, a fixed point is an element that is mapped to itself by the function. Any set of fixed points of a transformation is also an invariant set.

Automorphism
In mathematics, an automorphism is an isomorphism from a mathematical object to itself. It is, in some sense, a symmetry of the object, and a way of mapping the object to itself while preserving all of its structure. The set of all automorphisms of an object forms a group, called the automorphism group. It is, loosely speaking, the symmetry group of the object.
Diósgyőri VTK
Diósgyőri Vasgyárak Testgyakorló Köre, more commonly Diósgyőri VTK (Hungarian: [ˈdioːʒɟøːri ˈveːteːkaː]) is a professional football club, part of the Hungarian sports club from Diósgyőr district of Miskolc. Founded in 1910 by the local working class youth, the club plays in the Nemzeti Bajnokság I, the top flight of Hungarian football, and has spent most of its history in the top tier. Diósgyőr is best known for its passionate supporters – in the past years, Diósgyőr had one of the highest average attendances in the Hungarian top division. The football club enjoyed its first golden age in the late 1970s and early 1980s, including a third-place finish in the 1978–79 season of the Hungarian League and two Hungarian Cup triumphs in 1977 and 1980.

Nemzeti Bajnokság II
The Nemzeti Bajnokság II (or NBII), currently known as the Merkantil Bank Liga for sponsorship reasons, is the second tier of Hungarian football. At the end of the 2004–05 season, the tournament format was changed from one division of 14 teams to two divisions: Keleti (Eastern) and Nyugati (Western), each with 16 teams, though now it's just one league table with 16 teams as of the 2024–25 season. The champion and the runner-up will ascend to the first division, Nemzeti Bajnokság I, while the two lowest teams in second league are relegated to Nemzeti Bajnokság III.
Ivan Franko National Academic Drama Theater
The Ivan Franko National Academic Drama Theater (Ukrainian: Національний академічний драматичний театр імені Івана Франка, romanized: Natsionalnyi akademichnyi dramatychnyi teatr imeni Ivana Franka), located in Kyiv, was founded in 1920. It plays an important role in the history of Ukrainian culture. Real masters worked here and continue to delight their fans: actors, directors, composers, set designers. The repertoire is based on national and World Classics. You can watch performances both on the main stage and in the chamber. Each performance is a separate world, a variety of ways of artistic solution, and unusual productions. Bohdan Benyuk, Anatoly Khostikoev, Ostap Stupka, Natalia Sumskaya work on the stage of this theater.

Lesya Ukrainka
Lesya Ukrainka (Ukrainian: Леся Українка, romanized: Lesia Ukrainka, pronounced [ˈlɛsʲɐ ʊkrɐˈjinkɐ]; born Larysa Petrivna Kosach, Ukrainian: Лариса Петрівна Косач; 25 February [O.S. 13 February] 1871 – 1 August [O.S. 19 July] 1913) was one of Ukrainian literature's foremost writers, best known for her poems and plays. She was also an active political, civil, and female rights activist.

Among her best-known works are the collections of poems On the Wings of Songs (1893), Thoughts and Dreams (1899), Echos (1902), the epic poem Ancient Fairy Tale (1893), One Word (1903), and the plays Princess (1913), Cassandra (1903–1907), In the Catacombs (1905), and Forest Song (1911).
Isomerase
In biochemistry, isomerases are a general class of enzymes that convert a molecule from one isomer to another. Isomerases facilitate intramolecular rearrangements in which bonds are broken and formed. The general form of such a reaction is as follows:

There is only one substrate yielding one product. This product has the same molecular formula as the substrate but differs in bond connectivity or spatial arrangement. Isomerases catalyze reactions across many biological processes, such as in glycolysis and carbohydrate metabolism.

Ketose
In organic chemistry, a ketose is a monosaccharide containing one ketone (>C=O) group per molecule. The simplest ketose is dihydroxyacetone ((CH2OH)2C=O), which has only three carbon atoms. It is the only ketose with no optical activity. All monosaccharide ketoses are reducing sugars, because they can tautomerize into aldoses via an enediol intermediate, and the resulting aldehyde group can be oxidised, for example in the Tollens' test or Benedict's test. Ketoses that are bound into glycosides, for example in the case of the fructose moiety of sucrose, are nonreducing sugars.
Gatton (UK Parliament constituency)
Gatton was a parliamentary borough in Surrey, one of the most notorious of all the rotten boroughs. It elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons from 1450 until 1832, when the constituency was abolished by the Great Reform Act. Around the time of that Act it was often held up by reformers as the epitome of what was wrong with the unreformed system.

Rotten and pocket boroughs
A rotten or pocket borough, also known as a nomination borough or proprietorial borough, was a parliamentary borough or constituency in England, Great Britain, or the United Kingdom before the Reform Act of 1832 which had very few voters. They could be used by a patron to gain disproportionate influence within the House of Commons. The Reform Act of 1832 abolished the majority of these rotten and pocket boroughs.

The same terms were used for similar boroughs represented in the 18th-century Parliament of Ireland.
Plutella capparidis
Plutella capparidis is a moth of the family Plutellidae endemic to the Hawaiian islands of Kauai and  Oahu. It was first described by Otto Swezey in 1920.

The light green larvae feed on Capparis sandwichiana. They mostly feed on the surface of the leaves, eating one epidermis and the parenchyma and leaving the other epidermis, which shows as dead spots in the leaves. Occasionally, the larvae may mine within the leaf. Usually they are exposed, but sometimes covered by a slight web. The cocoon is made on the surface of the leaf.

Plutellidae
The Plutellidae are a family of moths commonly known as the diamondback moths, named after the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) of European origin. It was once considered to have three subfamilies: Plutellinae, Praydinae, and Scythropiinae. Praydinae was later elevated to its own family, Praydidae, while Scythropiinae has variously been moved to Yponomeutidae or also elevated to its own family.
Passfjellet
Passfjellet is a mountain in Nordenskiöld Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has several peaks, of which the highest is 785 m.a.s.l. The mountain is located between Bjørnsonfjellet, the upper part of Grøndalen, Passdalen and Istjørndalen. The mountain pass Grøndalspasset separates the mountain from the glacier Tavlebreen.

Bjørnsonfjellet
Bjørnsonfjellet is a mountain in Nordenskiöld Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a height of 932 m.a.s.l. and is part of Kolspissfjella. It is located north of Grøndalen. The mountain is named after Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature.
P. S. Ramani
Premanand Shantaram Ramani (born 30 November 1938) is an Indian neurosurgeon and writer, known for his work in Newcastle and his neurospinal surgery technique of "PLIF". He is currently the senior neurospinal surgeon at Lilavati Hospital, Mumbai. An annual marathon, titled "Dr P S Ramani Goa Marathon", is held in his honour in Goa.

Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital
Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital is a public medical college and hospital located in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It is recognised by the National Medical Commission. This is one of the oldest medical colleges in Mumbai. The medical college offers MBBS, MS & MD degrees.
1979 NCAA Skiing Championships
The 1979 NCAA Skiing Championships were contested at the Steamboat Ski Resort on Mount Werner near Steamboat Springs, Colorado, at the 26th annual NCAA-sanctioned ski tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate alpine, cross-country skiing, and ski jumping in the United States.

Seven-time defending champions Colorado, coached by Tim Hinderman, once again claimed the team national championship, finishing 23 points ahead of Utah in the standings. This was the tenth title for the Buffaloes.

NCAA skiing championships
The NCAA Skiing Championships are held annually to crown the National Collegiate Athletic Association combined men's and women's team skiing champion. Before 1983, the championship was only for men's skiing. Unlike many NCAA sports, only one National Collegiate championship is held each season with teams from Division I, Division II, and Division III competing together.

The University of Denver has won a record 24 team titles, including ten since 2000. The University of Colorado is second with 20 titles (plus one AIAW title), and the University of Utah is third with 16  (plus one AIAW title).

Denver won the first NCAA championship in 1954 at Reno with 384 points, 34.4 points ahead of runner-up Seattle University. The scoring system has been modified over the years; in 2012, Vermont scored a record 832 points, with a record margin of 161 points over second-place Utah.

The 2020 edition started on schedule, but was canceled in progress due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Flying Five Stakes
The Flying Five Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Ireland open to thoroughbreds, aged three years or older. It is run at the Curragh over a distance of 5 furlongs (1,006 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September during Irish Champions Weekend.

Curragh Racecourse
The Curragh Racecourse is a flat racecourse in County Kildare, Ireland. The racecourse is home to Ireland’s five most important flat races, known as the Classics. Racing takes place 23 days each year from the end of March until late October. Guided tours of the venue are available outside of race days.
William Henry Crocker
William Henry Crocker I (January 13, 1861 – September 25, 1937) was a member of the wealthy Crocker family and a prominent member of the Republican Party. Over the course of his business career, he became the president of Crocker National Bank.

Crocker Art Museum
The Crocker Art Museum is the oldest art museum in the Western United States, located in Sacramento, California. Founded in 1885, the museum holds one of the premier collections of Californian art. The collection includes American works dating from the Gold Rush to the present, European paintings and master drawings, one of the largest international ceramics collections in the U.S., and collections of Asian, African, and Oceanic art. The Crocker Art Museum is accredited by the American Alliance of Museums.
Columbushaus
The Columbushaus (Columbus House) was a nine-storey modernist office and shopping building in Potsdamer Platz in Berlin, designed by Erich Mendelsohn and completed in 1932. It was an icon of progressive architecture which passed relatively unscathed through World War II but was gutted by fire in the June 1953 uprising in East Germany. The ruin was subsequently razed in 1957 because it stood in the border strip; the site where the structure once stood was occupied by activists shortly before the fall of the Berlin Wall.

Handelsorganisation
The Handelsorganisation (“Trading Organisation”, or HO) was a national retail business owned by the central administration of the Soviet Zone of occupation in Germany and from 1949 on by the state of the German Democratic Republic. It was created in 1948. The enterprise was arranged into different departments – industrial goods, food, restaurants and department stores – and operated the large “Centrum” department stores in many cities of the GDR. Its stores stood in competition to those of the Konsum cooperative. Nevertheless, both were established brands in the everyday life in the GDR. The HO also operated hotels. After the political turmoil in the GDR in the years 1989 and 1990 the business was sold by the Treuhand trust.
Tahun ben Aissa
Tahun ben Aissa is an archaeological site about 3.5 kilometres southwest of Joub Jannine in the Beqaa Valley in Lebanon.

This archaeological site, located on the left bank of the Litani was studied in 1965–66 by Lorraine Copeland and Peter Wescombe. Materials found included flints used for heavy chopping including trapezoidal, oval and rectangular shaped axes. A few sickle blades with fine denticulation along with some scrapers and an oval shaped arrowhead were found. Analysis of the recovered materials enabled Jacques Cauvin and Marie-Claire Cauvin to suggest that the site was contemporary with the earliest neolithic levels at Byblos.

Byblos
Byblos (/ˈbɪblɒs/ BIB-loss; Ancient Greek: Βύβλος), also known as Jbail, Jebeil, Jbeil or Jubayl (Arabic: جُبَيْل, romanized: Jubayl, locally Jbeil [ʒ(ə)beːl]), is an ancient city in the Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate of Lebanon. The area is believed to have been first settled between 8800 and 7000 BC and continuously inhabited since 5000 BC. During its history, Byblos was part of numerous cultures including Egyptian, Phoenician, Assyrian, Persian, Hellenistic, Roman, Genoese, Mamluk and Ottoman. Urbanisation is thought to have begun during the third millennium BC when it developed into a city, making it one of the oldest cities in the world,  if not the oldest. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

It was in Ancient Byblos that the Phoenician alphabet, the ancestor of the Greek, Latin and all other Western alphabets, was developed.
Pheremmelias
In Greek mythology, Pheremmelias (Ancient Greek: Φερεμμελίας) was the Spartan son of Icarius and Asterodia, daughter of Eurypylus. He was the brother of Amasichus, Thoon, Phalereus, Perilaos, Penelope and Laodamia (also called Mede or Hypsipyle). Otherwise, the children of Icarius and Asterodia were named as Polymelos, Damasiclus (Amasiclus), Penelope and Laodice (Iphthime).

Iphthime
In Greek mythology, the name Iphthime /ɪpˈθaɪmiː/ (Ancient Greek: Ἰφθίμη, romanized: Iphthímē) refers to:

Iphthime, daughter of Icarius, a sister of Penelope and Perileos. She became the wife of Eumelus from Pherae and possibly, the mother of his son, Zeuxippus. In Homer's Odyssey, Athena creates an image in Iphthime's likeness and sends this to a sleeping Penelope. This image conveys encouragement to Penelope after the latter confides in it her worries for her husband Odysseus and her son Telemachus. Scholiasts on Homer inform that she was also known under several other names: Hypsipyle, Mede, Laodice or Laodamia, and that her mother was Asterodia.

Iphthime, daughter of Dorus, mother of the Satyrs Lycus, Pherespondus and Pronomus by Hermes.

The name is the feminine form of the adjective ἴφθιμος, which is a Homeric epithet of vague meaning, usually connoting something like robustness or faithfulness when applied to a female human.
World record progression 50 metres butterfly
This is a history of the progression of the World Record for the swimming event: the 50 butterfly. It is a listing of the fastest-time-ever in the event, in both long course (50m) and short course (25m) swimming pool. These records are maintained/recognized by FINA, which oversees international competitive swimming and Aquatics.

The World Records in the 50s of stroke are the youngest Swimming World Records; FINA first recognizing them in the 1990s.

Butterfly stroke
Butterfly (shortened to fly) is a swimming stroke swum on the front, with both arms moving symmetrically, accompanied by the butterfly kick (also known as the "dolphin kick") along with the movement of the hips and chest.

It is the newest swimming style swum in competition, first swum in the early 1950s and originating from breaststroke.

For most competitive swimmers, butterfly is the second fastest stroke, only slower than front crawl.
Nemom
Nemom is a suburb of Thiruvananthapuram, the capital city of Kerala, India.

It is surrounded by Thirumala in the north, Malayinkeezhu in the north-east, Balaramapuram in the south-east, Kovalam in the south and Thiruvallam in the west. Nemom falls within the municipal corporation of Thiruvananthapuram, though partly exclusive. It is connected with Thiruvananthapuram, Neyyattinkara, Vizhinjam, Poovar, Kattakkada, Nagarcoil, and Kanyakumari through the main arterial highway National Highway 66.

Nemom has a Government Ayurveda Clinic. There is a public market at Pravachambalam, about one kilometre away from Nemom. Vellayani Devi Temple is located in Nemom.

Thirumala, Thiruvananthapuram
Thirumala is a suburb of Thiruvananthapuram, the capital of Kerala, India. The name is literally split into two, 'Thiru' 'Mala' meaning "Holy Hill" which refers to the hill on which an ancient  Hindu temple dedicated to the god Krishna called Parakovil which is formally known as Thrichakrapuram S Thirumala is also a huge hill, the summit of which may be reached from the Killiar at Jagathy, top most point being Parakovil.

Thirumala is close to Pangode, the cantonment area.
Autoboosh
Autoboosh was a 2000 stage show written and performed by Noel Fielding and Julian Barratt, along with Rich Fulcher, and, for the first time, Dave Brown, Michael Fielding, and Pete Kyriacou. It was the third incarnation of what would eventually become The Mighty Boosh.

Michael Fielding
Michael Fielding (born 23 January 1982) is a British comedian and actor, known for his role as Naboo in the British surreal comedy The Mighty Boosh. He was born in Westminster, London, England and raised in Mitcham, Southwest London. Other works include the role of Smooth, the butler, in Noel Fielding's Luxury Comedy, and more recently Benny Turpin in The Completely Made-Up Adventures of Dick Turpin.
2024–25 FC Kudrivka season
During the 2024–25 season, FC Kudrivka competed in the Ukrainian First League. During this season the club played mainly at Stadium Yuvileinyi for the Ukrainian First League's matches and in Kudrivka Arena.

Ukrainian First League
The Persha Liha (Ukrainian: Перша ліга [ˈpɛrʃɐ ˈl⁽ʲ⁾iɦɐ]) or Ukrainian First League is a level of national football competitions (second tier) in Ukraine governed by the Professional Football League at the discretion of the Ukrainian Association of Football. Members of the league also participate in the Ukrainian Cup. The league is the intermediate level within the three-tiered "competition pyramid".
3596 Meriones
3596 Meriones (/məˈraɪəniːz/ mə-RY-ə-neez) is a large Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp, approximately 80 kilometers (50 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 14 November 1985, by Danish astronomers Poul Jensen and Karl Augustesen at the Brorfelde Observatory near Holbæk, Denmark. The assumed C-type asteroid belongs to the 50 largest Jupiter trojans and has a rotation period of 12.96 hours. It was named after the Cretan leader Meriones from Greek mythology.

Karl Augustesen
Karl A. Augustesen (19 May 1945 – 29 September 2025) was a Danish astronomer and co-discoverer of minor planets.

Working at Brorfelde Observatory, he is credited by the Minor Planet Center with the discovery of six numbered asteroids during 1984–1987.

The Vestian main-belt asteroid 5171 Augustesen, discovered by astronomer and colleague Poul Jensen at Brorfelde Observatory in 1988, was named in his honor.

Augustesen died on 29 September 2025, at the age of 80.