hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Onion model
The onion model is a graph-based diagram and conceptual model for describing relationships among levels of a hierarchy, evoking a metaphor of the layered "shells" exposed when an onion (or other concentric assembly of spheroidal objects) is bisected by a plane that intersects the center or the innermost shell. The outer layers in the model typically add size and/or complexity, incrementally, around the inner layers they enclose.

An onion diagram can be represented as an Euler or Venn diagram composed of a hierarchy of sets, A1...Ak (but perhaps potentially or conceptually infinite) where each set An+1 is a strict subset of An (and by recursion, of all Am where in each case m > n). (Some applications of the concept, however, may fail to benefit from the mathematical and otherwise rigorous properties of the model.)

Such formats supported by Microsoft PowerPoint's SmartArt wizard invoke the term "stacked Venn".

Diagram
A diagram is a symbolic representation of information using visualization techniques. Diagrams have been used since prehistoric times on walls of caves, but became more prevalent during the Enlightenment. Sometimes, the technique uses a three-dimensional visualization technique which then become projected onto a two-dimensional surface.
2025 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 2025 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships took place from 29 September to 4 October 2025 in Penrith, Australia under the auspices of International Canoe Federation (ICF). It was the 44th edition and the events were held at the Penrith Whitewater Stadium, the site of the 2000 Summer Olympics. Penrith hosted the championships for the second time after previously hosting in 2005.

232 canoeists from 41 countries participated at the championships.

Penrith, New South Wales
Penrith is a suburb in Outer Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is located 55 kilometres (34 mi) west of the Sydney central business district on the eastern bank of the Nepean River. It is on the outskirts of the Cumberland Plain at an elevation of 32 metres (105 ft). Penrith is the administrative centre for the City of Penrith local government area.
Zhang County
Zhang County or Zhangxian is a county in Gansu province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Dingxi. Its postal code is 748300, and its population in 2017 was 198,200 people.

The county has several mineral resources such as rock salt, limestone and andalusite.

Dingxi
Dingxi (Chinese: 定西; pinyin: Dìngxī), also known as Longyou (Chinese: 陇右; pinyin: Lǒngyòu) is a prefecture-level city in the southeast of Gansu province, People's Republic of China. As of the 2020 census, its population was 2,524,097 inhabitants, of which 422,383 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Anding urban district.
2019–20 Montpellier HSC season
The 2019–20 season was Montpellier HSC's 101st season in existence and the club's 11th consecutive season in the top flight of French football. In addition to the domestic league, Montpellier participated in this season's editions of the Coupe de France, and the Coupe de la Ligue. The season covered the period from 1 July 2019 to 30 June 2020.

2019–20 Coupe de la Ligue
The 2019–20 Coupe de la Ligue, also known as Coupe de la Ligue BKT for sponsorship reasons, was the 26th and final edition of the league cup competition held in France. The competition began with the preliminary round on 26 July 2019.

Strasbourg were the defending champions after defeating Guingamp in the final of the previous edition, but were eliminated in the quarter-finals in a penalty shoot-out to Reims after a goalless draw.

On 18 September 2019, the Ligue de Football Professionnel voted to suspend the competition indefinitely following the 2019–20 edition, in order to "reduce the season schedule".

On 28 April 2020, Prime Minister Edouard Philippe announced all sporting events in France would be cancelled until September. On 26 June, the FFF announced that the final was rescheduled to 31 July.

Paris Saint-Germain won their ninth Coupe de la Ligue title following a 6–5 win on penalties over Lyon in the final.
Mount Pritchard
Mount Pritchard is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia 34 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government areas of the City of Fairfield and the City of Liverpool, and is part of the South-western Sydney region.

City of Liverpool (New South Wales)
The City of Liverpool is a local government area, administered by Liverpool City Council, located in the south-west of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The area encompasses 305.5 square kilometres (118.0 sq mi) and its administrative centre is located in the suburb of Liverpool.

The mayor of the City is Cr. Ned Mannoun, a member of the Liberal Party.
Rambutan
Rambutan (/ræmˈbuːtən/ ram-BOO-tən; Indonesian pronunciation: [rambutan];Nephelium lappaceum) is a medium-sized tropical tree in the family Sapindaceae. The name also refers to the edible fruit produced by this tree. The rambutan is native to Southeast Asia. It is closely related to several other edible tropical fruits, including the lychee, longan, pulasan, and quenepa.

Unsaturated fat
An unsaturated fat is a fat or fatty acid in which there is at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain, which makes the fatty acid chain, which is basically a chain of hydrocarbons, an alkene. A fatty acid chain is monounsaturated if it contains one double bond, and polyunsaturated if it contains more than one double bond.

A saturated fat has no carbon-to-carbon double bonds, so the maximum possible number of hydrogen is bonded to carbon, and thus, is considered to be "saturated" with hydrogen atoms. To form carbon-to-carbon double bonds, hydrogen atoms are removed from the carbon chain. In cellular metabolism, unsaturated fat molecules contain less energy (i.e., fewer calories) than an equivalent amount of saturated fat. The greater the degree of unsaturation in a fatty acid (i.e., the more double bonds in the fatty acid) the more susceptible it becomes to lipid peroxidation (rancidity). Antioxidants can protect unsaturated fat from lipid peroxidation.
Elementaves
Elementaves is a taxon of birds, comprising a diverse group of birds who occupy various different ecological niches. They include the clades Phaethoquornithes and Strisores, as well as the Gruimorphae and Opisthocomiformes. According to Stiller et al. (2024), it is one of the four major subclades of Neoaves and sister to Telluraves. The clade's name refers to the classical elements, reflecting its members' varying adaptations to earth, air, and water.

Gruimorphae
Gruimorphae is a taxon of birds that contains the orders Charadriiformes (plovers, gulls, and allies) and Gruiformes (cranes and rails) identified by molecular analysis. This grouping has had historical support, as various charadriiform families such as the families Pedionomidae and Turnicidae were classified as gruiforms. It may also have support from the fossil record since the discovery of Nahmavis from the Early Eocene of North America.

The relationship between these birds is due to similar anatomical and behavioral characteristics. A morphological study went further to suggest that the gruiforms might be paraphyletic in respect to the shorebirds, with the rails being closely related to the buttonquails.
The Best Of: Volume 1 (Silverchair album)
The Best Of: Volume 1 is the first compilation album by Australian rock band Silverchair, which was issued on 13 November 2000. It includes every single they had released up until that point, with the exception of "Shade". The album peaked at No. 15 on the ARIA Albums Chart.

In March 1999, after the release of Neon Ballroom, Silverchair's three-album contract with Murmur and Sony Music had ended. After leaving the label, Sony issued The Best Of: Volume 1 without the band's consent. Late in November 2000, Johns disavowed the compilation: "We thought about putting out ads in the street press to make people aware that we weren't endorsing it, but that would have blown the whole thing out of proportion ... If people want to buy it, they can buy it but I wouldn't buy it if I was a Silverchair fan."
The second disc from the limited edition was later released in December 2002 as Rarities 1994–1999, an entirely new product with its own artwork.

Ana's Song (Open Fire)
"Ana's Song (Open Fire)" is a song by the Australian rock band Silverchair. It was released in May 1999 as the second single from their third album, Neon Ballroom. The song is about lead vocalist Daniel Johns' struggle with anorexia nervosa. "Ana's Song" peaked at No. 14 on Australia's ARIA Singles Chart, at No. 12 on the US Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart, and at No. 28 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.  At the ARIA Music Awards of 1999, it was nominated for two awards. The track also earned Silverchair a Comet Award in Germany.
USS Reindeer (1863)
USS Reindeer was a steamer purchased by the Union Navy during the American Civil War.

She was used by the Union Navy as a gunboat assigned to patrol Confederate waterways. Post-war she was converted into a dispatch vessel and served that function until finally decommissioned.

Dispatch boat
Dispatch boats were small boats, and sometimes large ships, tasked to carry military dispatches from ship to ship or from ship to shore or, in some cases from shore to shore. Dispatch boats were employed when other means of transmitting a message was not possible or safe or as quick.

Dispatch boats, which performed their dispatch-carrying duties only on a temporary basis, should not be confused with packet ships—sometimes called packet boats or paquetbots—which were cargo ships which also routinely carried the mail from port to port.

Generally, dispatch boats served the military, and paquetbots served commerce.
Feimanka
The Feimanka (Polish: Fejmanka), a river (stream) in Latvia (Latgale, Preiļi Municipality), is the right tributary of the Dubna river.  The 72 kilometres (45 mi) long Feimanka flows from Feimaņu ezers, passes through the city of Riebiņi and flows about 1.5 kilometers (one mi) north-west of the city of Preiļi. Its main tributary, the Preiļupe, joins its left bank in the area of Škilteri. The Feimanka flows into the Dubna in the village of Rožupe, about twelve kilometers before the latter's mouth to the Daugava.

Daugava
The Daugava (/ˈdaʊɡəvə/ DOW-gə-və), also known as the Western Dvina or the Väina River, is a large river rising in the Valdai Hills of Russia that flows through Belarus and Latvia into the Gulf of Riga of the Baltic Sea. The Daugava rises close to the source of the Volga. It is 1,020 km (630 mi) in length, of which 352 km (219 mi) are in Latvia and 325 km (202 mi) in Russia. It is a westward-flowing river, tracing out a great south-bending curve as it passes through northern Belarus.

Latvia's capital, Riga, bridges the river's estuary four times. Built on both riverbanks, the city centre is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the river's mouth and is a significant port.
American Soccer League (1933–1983)
The American Soccer League has been a name used by four different professional soccer sports leagues in the United States. The second American Soccer League was established in summer 1933 following the collapse of the original American Soccer League, which lasted from 1921 until spring 1933. The new league was created on a smaller scale and with smaller budgets. This league existed until over-expansion and financial limitations led to its collapse in 1983. Two successor leagues later operated.

American Soccer League (1921–1933)
The American Soccer League, established on May 7, 1921 by a group of investors, was the first of four different professional soccer sports leagues in the United States to use the ASL name. It was formed by the merger of teams from the National Association Football League and the Southern New England Soccer League. For several years the ASL's popularity rivaled the popularity of the National Football League. Disputes with the United States Football Association and FIFA, as well as the onset of the Great Depression, led to the league's collapse in spring 1933.
Traffic signs by country
Traffic signs are generally based on the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals or on the United States Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. This article is a summary of traffic signs used in each country.

Road signs in France
Road signs in France refer to all conventional signals installed on French roads and intended to ensure the safety of road users, either by informing them of the dangers and regulations relating to traffic as well as elements useful for decision-making, or by indicating to them the landmarks and equipment useful for their travel on the national territory. They generally largely follow the general European conventions concerning the use of shape and color to indicate their function. France is a signatory to the 1968 Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals. France signed the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals on 8 November 1968 and ratified it on 9 December 1971.

These road signs can also be found in some overseas territories of France.
Formosa Plastics propylene explosion
The Formosa Plastics propylene explosion was a propylene release and explosion that occurred on October 6, 2005, in the Olefins II Unit at the Formosa Plastics plant in Point Comfort, Texas, United States. The subsequent fire burned for five days.

Flash fire
A flash fire is a sudden, intense fire caused by ignition of a mixture of air and a dispersed flammable substance such as a solid (including dust), flammable or combustible liquid (such as an aerosol or fine mist), or a flammable gas. It is characterized by high temperature, short duration, and a rapidly moving flame front.
Ten Rules for Air Fighting
Adolph Gysbert Malan DSO & Bar DFC (24 March 1910 – 17 September 1963), better known as Sailor Malan, was a South African World War II fighter pilot, who led No. 74 Squadron RAF during the height of the Battle of Britain. Malan developed a set of simple rules for fighter pilots, which were eventually found throughout RAF Fighter Command:

RAF Fighter Command
RAF Fighter Command was one of the commands of the Royal Air Force. It was formed in 1936 to allow more specialised control of fighter aircraft. It operated throughout the Second World War, winning fame during the Battle of Britain in 1940. The command continued until November 1943, when it was disbanded and the RAF fighter force was split into two categories, defence and attack. The defensive force became Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB) and the offensive force became the RAF Second Tactical Air Force. ADGB was renamed Fighter Command in October 1944 and continued to provide defensive patrols around Britain. It was disbanded for the second time in 1968, when it was subsumed by the new Strike Command.
Waqra phuku
The waqra phuku (Quechua waqra 'horn', phuku 'blow', also spelled wakrapuku, waqrapuku) is a type of trumpet used by indigenous peoples in Peru and the Andes. It is usually made from cattle horn or metal and is used in annual fertility rituals. Unlike the pututu (Titanostrombus galeatus), which was used in pre-Columbian times, the waqra phuku was adapted from cattle introduced by the Spaniards in the sixteenth century.

Titanostrombus galeatus
Titanostrombus galeatus, the Eastern Pacific giant conch, is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Strombidae, the true conchs and their allies.

It is an eastern Pacific species that occurs from the Gulf of California to Peru.

The shells of this species were used as a wind instruments by the Chavín, an ancient civilization from the northern Andean highlands of Peru. They are still used for this purpose in the Andes, where they are known as pututu.
Listed buildings in Beccles
Beccles is a town and civil parish in the East Suffolk district of Suffolk, England. It contains 149 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these six are grade I, two are grade II* and 141 are grade II.

This list is based on the information retrieved online from Historic England.

Beccles
Beccles (/ˈbɛkəlz/ BEK-əlz) is a market town and civil parish in the East Suffolk district, in the county of Suffolk, England. The town is located along the A145 and A12 roads, situated 16 miles (26 km) south-east of Norwich and 33 miles (53 km) north-northeast of Ipswich. Nearby towns include Lowestoft to the east and Great Yarmouth to the north-east. The town lies on the River Waveney on the edge of The Broads National Park.

It had a population at the 2021 census of 10,069. Beccles is twinned with Petit-Couronne in France, and has been since 1978.
Fabel
A Fabel [ˈfaː.bl̩] is a critical analysis of the plot of a play. It is a dramaturgical technique that was pioneered by Bertolt Brecht, a 20th century German theatre practitioner.

Fabel should not be confused with 'fable', which is a form of short narrative (hence the retention of the original German spelling in its adoption into English usage). Elizabeth Wright argues that it is "a term of art which cannot be adequately translated".

Epic theatre
Epic theatre (German: episches Theater) is a theatrical movement that arose in the early to mid-20th century from the theories and practice of a number of theatre practitioners who responded to the political climate of the time through the creation of new political dramas. Epic theatre is not meant to refer to the scale or the scope of the work, but rather to the form that it takes.  Epic theatre emphasizes the audience's perspective and reaction to the piece through a variety of techniques that deliberately cause them to individually engage in a different way. The purpose of epic theatre is not to encourage an audience to suspend their disbelief, but rather to force them to see their world as it is.
Macleay Valley Mustangs Rugby League Club
Macleay Valley Mustangs Rugby League Football Club is an amateur rugby league club in the Group 3 Rugby League competition, based on the Mid North Coast of New South Wales, Australia. The Mustangs are the main rugby league club based in Kempsey, New South Wales and surrounding areas of Kempsey Shire.

NRL Under-20s
The NRL Under-20s (known commercially as the Holden Cup due to sponsorship from Holden) was the top league of professional rugby league for players aged 20 years or younger in Australasia. Contested by sixteen teams, the Under-20s competition commenced in 2008 and was originally known as the Toyota Cup. The competition runs parallel to Australasia's professional competition, the National Rugby League, with NYC matches played immediately prior to the NRL games. Similar to the NRL, the NYC enforces a salary cap and puts a heavy focus on life outside football for the players.

The New Zealand Warriors were the most successful club in the competition's short history, with three premierships from four Grand Final appearances; in 2010, 2011 and 2014. In 2018, the NRL Under-20s was replaced by state-based under-20s competitions in New South Wales and Queensland.
Love Insurance
Love Insurance is a lost 1919 American silent comedy film directed by Donald Crisp, produced by Famous Players–Lasky and distributed by Paramount Pictures. It is based on the novel of the same name by Earl Derr Biggers, Love Insurance.

Love Insurance was later remade in 1924 as The Reckless Age and in sound era in 1940 as One Night in the Tropics.

Earl Derr Biggers
Earl Derr Biggers (August 26, 1884 – April 5, 1933) was an American novelist and playwright. His novels featuring the fictional Chinese American detective Charlie Chan were adapted into popular films made in the United States and China.
2019 Copa de la Superliga Final
The 2019 Copa de la Superliga Final was the 49th and final match of the 2019 Copa de la Superliga. It was played on 2 June 2019 at the Estadio Mario Alberto Kempes in Córdoba between Tigre and Boca Juniors.

Tigre defeated Boca Juniors 2–0 to win their first Primera División title. As champions, Tigre qualified for the group stage of the 2020 Copa Libertadores. They also qualified for the 2019 Trofeo de Campeones de la Superliga Argentina.

As Boca Juniors and the semifinalist Atlético Tucumán had already qualified for the 2020 Copa Libertadores, the other semifinalist Argentinos Juniors won the 2020 Copa Sudamericana berth. Atlético Tucumán qualification allowed the qualification of Lanús for 2020 Copa Sudamericana.

2019 Copa de la Superliga
The 2019 Copa de la Superliga Argentina (named Copa de la Superliga YPF Infinia 2019 due to sponsorship by YPF) was the first edition of the Copa de la Superliga Argentina, Argentina's football league cup competition open to all 26 participants in the Superliga Argentina for the 2018–19 season. The competition was planned by the executive committee of the Superliga Argentina throughout 2018 with a final approval being given on 12 December 2018, and was played from 12 April to 2 June 2019, after the conclusion of the Superliga season.

Tigre were the champions, beating Boca Juniors by a 2–0 score in the final match played at Estadio Mario Alberto Kempes in Córdoba.
Ring flip
In organic chemistry, a ring flip (also known as a ring inversion or ring reversal) is the interconversion of cyclic conformers that have equivalent ring shapes (e.g., from a chair conformer to another chair conformer) that results in the exchange of nonequivalent substituent positions. The overall process generally takes place over several steps, involving coupled rotations about several of the molecule's single bonds, in conjunction with minor deformations of bond angles.  Most commonly, the term is used to refer to the interconversion of the two chair conformers of cyclohexane derivatives, which is specifically referred to as a chair flip, although other cycloalkanes and inorganic rings undergo similar processes.

Molecular geometry
Molecular geometry is the three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms that constitute a molecule. It includes the general shape of the molecule as well as bond lengths, bond angles, torsional angles and any other geometrical parameters that determine the position of each atom.

Molecular geometry influences several properties of a substance including its reactivity, polarity, phase of matter, color, magnetism and biological activity. The angles between bonds that an atom forms depend only weakly on the rest of a molecule, i.e. they can be understood as approximately local and hence transferable properties.
Maurizio Silvi
Maurizio Silvi (15 May 1949 – 24 May 2022) was an Italian make-up artist who was nominated in the category of Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling during the 74th Academy Awards for his work on the film Moulin Rouge! His nomination was shared with Aldo Signoretti.

Aldo Signoretti
Aldo Signoretti (born 1953) is an Italian make-up artist. He has been nominated four times for the Academy Award for Best Makeup for Moulin Rouge! (2001), Apocalypto (2006), Il divo (2008) and Elvis (2022).