hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sheffield Medical School
The University of Sheffield Medical School is a medical school based at the University of Sheffield in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. The school traces its history back to at least 1828. It operated independently until its merger with Firth College and Sheffield Technical School in 1897, and is now an integral part of Sheffield's Faculty of Health.

The medical school consists of three divisions: Clinical Medicine, Population Health, and Neuroscience, and is active in three fields of medicine: teaching, researching and practising.

Sheffield was ranked 12th in the UK in clinical, pre-clinical and health in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2020. As of 2020, its five-year MBChB programme admits 273 home students and a further 18 overseas students per year. It is a founding member of the UCAT consortium and one of 32 bodies entitled by the General Medical Council to award medical degrees in the UK.

Royal Hallamshire Hospital
The Royal Hallamshire Hospital is a general and teaching hospital located in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. It is in the city's West End, facing Glossop Road and close to the main campus of University of Sheffield and the Collegiate Crescent campus of Sheffield Hallam University. The hospital is run by the Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.
Qalet Marku Battery
Qalet Marku Battery (Maltese: Batterija ta' Qalet Marku), also known as D'Orbeau Battery (Maltese: Batterija D'Orbeau), was an artillery battery in Baħar iċ-Ċagħaq, within the limits of Naxxar, Malta. It was built in 1715–1716 by the Order of Saint John as one of a series of coastal fortifications around the Maltese Islands. The battery has been largely destroyed, but some remains can still be seen.

Naxxar
Naxxar (Maltese: In-Naxxar) is a town and local council in the Northern Region of Malta. The population in March 2014 was 14,891. The Naxxar Church is dedicated to Our Lady of Victories. The annual village feast is celebrated on 8 September. It formerly hosted the Maltese International Trade Fair at Maltese International Trade Fair Grounds.

Naxxar is spread over 11 square kilometres (4 sq mi).
Tōson Memorial Museum
Tōson Memorial Museum (藤村記念館, Tōson Kinenkan) is a museum in Magome-juku, Nakatsugawa, Gifu Prefecture, Japan dedicated to the life and works of Shimazaki Tōson. The writer was born in the former Honjin in 1872, but his birthplace and childhood home was mostly destroyed in the conflagration of 1895. Rebuilt to designs by Taniguchi Yoshirō in 1947, the museum opened in 1952. The core of the collection comprises some 5,000 items donated by Shimazaki Tōson's eldest son.

Magome-juku
Magome-juku (馬籠宿, Magome-juku) was the forty-third of the  sixty-nine stations of the Nakasendō connecting Edo with Kyoto in Edo period Japan. It is located in former Mino Province in what is now part of the city of Nakatsugawa, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. It was also the last of eleven stations along the Kisoji, which was the precursor to a part of the Nakasendō, running through the Kiso Valley.
Gamsfeld
Gamsfeld (2,027 m) is a mountain in Salzburg, Austria. It is the highest peak of the Salzkammergut Mountains, a sub-range of the Northern Limestone Alps. The mountain is located near the village of Rußbach, which lies 1,200 m below its summit, and is a popular peak for hiking and ski touring. It also provides a great vantage point for the nearby Dachstein Mountains.

Dachstein Mountains
The Dachstein Mountains (German: Dachsteingebirge) are a mountain range in the Northern Limestone Alps.

The term is used by the Austrian Alpine Club in its classification of the Eastern Alps as one of the 24 sub-ranges of the Northern Limestone Alps (AVE No. 14).

The Dachstein range includes:

The Dachstein Massif proper with its highest peak, the Hoher Dachstein (2,995 m (AA))

Grimming (2,351 m above sea level (AA)) in the east to the upper Styrian Enns valley

Sarstein (1,975 m above sea level (AA)) in the north at the other bank of the River Traun
Kaniadakis Gaussian distribution
The Kaniadakis Gaussian distribution (also known as κ-Gaussian distribution) is a probability distribution which arises as a generalization of the Gaussian distribution from the maximization of the Kaniadakis entropy under appropriated constraints. It is one example of a Kaniadakis κ-distribution. The κ-Gaussian distribution has been applied successfully for describing several complex systems in economy, geophysics, astrophysics, among many others.

The κ-Gaussian distribution is a particular case of the κ-Generalized Gamma distribution.

Error function
In mathematics, the error function (also called the Gauss error function), often denoted by erf, is a function  defined as:

The integral here is a complex contour integral which is path-independent because  is holomorphic on the whole complex plane . In many applications, the function argument is a real number, in which case the function value is also real.

In some old texts,
the error function is defined without the factor of .
This nonelementary integral is a sigmoid function that occurs often in probability, statistics, and partial differential equations.

In statistics, for non-negative real values of x, the error function has the following interpretation: for a real random variable Y that is normally distributed with mean 0 and standard deviation , erf(x) is the probability that Y falls in the range [−x, x].

Two closely related functions are the complementary error function erfc:  defined as

and the imaginary error function erfi:  defined as

where i is the imaginary unit.
Thabong
Thabong (meaning 'place of happiness' in Southern Sotho) is the second largest township after  Botshabelo in the Free State province of South Africa. The township was established during the years of segregation of black people as well as the township of Bronville for coloured people adjacent to the city of Welkom, to accommodate workers at the world's richest gold mines.

The township forms part of Matjhabeng Local Municipality in the Lejweleputswa District Municipality, that includes Welkom. The township is filled with diversity of people due to people who came from various countries like Lesotho, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, etc. to work in mines of Goldfields. The most spoken languages in Thabong is Sesotho followed by Xhosa.

Professionalism in association football
Association football is the world's most popular sport and is worth US$600 billion worldwide. By the end of the 20th century it was played by over 250 million players in over 200 countries. Around the world, the sport is played at a professional level by professional footballers, and millions of people regularly go to football stadiums to follow their favourite football teams, while billions more watch the sport on television or on the internet. Football has the highest global television audience in sport. The sport had amateur origins and evolved into the modern professional competition.
Gates of Ahmedabad
The Darwaja or Gates of Ahmedabad were built during different times starting from 1411 as the entrances to the walled city of Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

These entrances to the city has a unique name and history. Pretty much the area surrounding these gates have adopted the name of the gate as the name of the locality. Each of the gate has beautiful carvings, calligraphy and some of them even balconies.

Monuments of National Importance
This article contains lists of Monuments of National Importance in India.

An Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 defines an "Ancient Monument" as follows:

Ancient Monument means any structure, erection or monument, or any tumulus or place of interment, or any cave, rock-sculpture, inscription or monolith which is of historical, archaeological or artistic interest and which has been in existence for not less than 100 years

A "Monument of National Importance" is designated by the Archaeological Survey of India and includes the following:

The remains of an ancient monument

The site of an ancient monument

The land on which there are fences or protective covering structures for preserving the monument

Land by means of which people can freely access the monument

monument is something that show our history our strength and our power.

In 2023 an updated list was published by National Monument Authority which identifies a total of 3757 monuments.
Experimental Breeder Reactor I
Experimental Breeder Reactor I (EBR-I) is a decommissioned research reactor and U.S. National Historic Landmark located in the desert about 18 miles (29 km) southeast of Arco, Idaho. It was the world's first breeder reactor.  At 1:50 p.m. on December 20, 1951, it became one of the world's first electricity-generating nuclear power plants when it produced sufficient electricity to illuminate four 200-watt light bulbs. EBR-I soon generated sufficient electricity to power its building and the town of Arco, and continued to be used for experimental research until it was decommissioned in 1964.  The museum is open for visitors from Memorial Day weekend through Labor Day weekend.

Research reactor
Research reactors are nuclear fission-based nuclear reactors that serve primarily as a neutron source. They are also called non-power reactors, in contrast to power reactors that are used for electricity production, heat generation, or maritime propulsion.
Sokolovići, Sokolac
Sokolovići (Serbian Cyrillic: Соколовићи) is a village in the municipality of Sokolac, Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the 1991 census, the village had 80 inhabitants, all of whom were ethnic Serbs.

Sokolac, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Sokolac (Serbian Cyrillic: Соколац) is a town and municipality of the city of Istočno Sarajevo, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, it has a population of 12,021 inhabitants, while the town of Sokolac has a population of 5,919 inhabitants.
Bumboat
A bumboat is a small boat used to ferry supplies to ships moored away from the shore.  The name comes from the combination of the Dutch word for a canoe—"boomschuit" ("boom" meaning "tree"), and "boat".

In Tobias Smollett's  1748 novel, The Adventures of Roderick Random, a "bumboat woman" conducts business with sailors imprisoned on board a pressing tender moored near the Tower Wharf on the River Thames, London, England.
In HMS Pinafore, W. S. Gilbert describes Little Buttercup as a Bumboat Woman.

In Singapore, the term "bumboat" is applied to small water taxis and boats that take tourists on short tours.

Water taxi
A water taxi or a water bus is a boat used to provide public or private transport, usually, but not always, in an urban environment. Service may be scheduled with multiple stops, operating in a similar manner to a bus, or on demand to many locations, operating in a similar manner to a taxi. A boat service shuttling between two points would normally be described as a ferry rather than a water bus or taxi.

The term water taxi is usually confined to a boat operating on demand, and water bus to a boat operating on a schedule. In North American usage, the terms are roughly synonymous.

The earliest water taxi service was recorded as operating around the area that became Manchester, England.
Second (curling)
In curling, the second is the person who delivers the second pair of stones after the lead. On most teams, where the second does not act as skip or vice, the second will sweep for each of their teammates. Due to the free-guard-zone rule, which prevents guards from being removed from play by the leads, the second is usually a curler with a high degree of proficiency throwing takeouts, peels, and other power shots. Following the adoption of the five-rock rule in 2018, the role of the second has become more of a finesse role, as seconds often have to throw guards and other finesse shots.

Skip (curling)
In the sport of curling, the skip is the captain of a team. The skip determines strategy, and holds the broom in the house (target area) to indicate where a teammate at the other end of the curling sheet (playing area) should aim the stone. The skip usually throws the last two stones in the fourth position, but may play in any other position.

Sometimes "skipper" is used; it can also be abbreviated as "S". It's also used as a verb ("skips", "skipped", "skipping").

It is conventional to identify a team by the name of the skip.
Meralco
The Manila Electric Company, also known as Meralco (/mɜːrɑːlkoʊ/, Tagalog: [mɛˈɾalkɔ], stylized in uppercase), is an electric power distribution company in the Philippines. It is Metro Manila's only electric power distributor and holds the power distribution franchise for 39 cities and 72 municipalities, including the whole of Metro Manila and the exurbs that form Mega Manila.

The name "Meralco" is an acronym for Manila Electric Railroad and Light Company, which was the company's official name until 1919.

First Pacific
First Pacific Company Limited (Chinese: 第一太平有限公司) is a Hong Kong–based investment management and holding company with operations located in Asia. It involves telecommunications, consumer food products and infrastructure.
Croatian question
The Croatian question (Croatian: Hrvatsko pitanje) refers to a political, cultural, social and economical status of Croats in Austria-Hungary, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, SFR Yugoslavia and post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The first steps towards Croat home rule were made in 1939 with the Cvetković–Maček Agreement, creating the autonomous Banovina of Croatia. This province, mostly coterminous with the former Sava and Littoral Banovinas with the exception of a few other Croat-majority regions, lasted until invasion of Yugoslavia during the World War II, with the Independent State of Croatia being established as a Nazi German puppet state 10 April 1941.

In post-WWII Yugoslavia, the Croatian national question was mostly resolved on 25 June 1991 with the independence of the Republic of Croatia, from the territory of the constituent SR Croatia.

Socialist Republic of Croatia
The Socialist Republic of Croatia (Serbo-Croatian: Socijalistička Republika Hrvatska), commonly abbreviated as SR Croatia and referred to as simply Croatia, was a constituent republic and federated state of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. By its constitution, modern-day Croatia is its direct continuation.

Along with five other Yugoslav republics, Croatia was formed during World War II and became a socialist republic after the war. It had four full official names during its 48-year existence (see below). By territory and population, it was the second largest republic in Yugoslavia, after the Socialist Republic of Serbia.

In 1990, the government dismantled the single-party system of government – installed by the League of Communists – and adopted a multi-party democracy. The newly elected government of Franjo Tuđman moved the republic towards independence, formally seceding from Yugoslavia in 1991 and thereby contributing to its dissolution.
North Suburban Synagogue Beth El
North Suburban Synagogue Beth El is a Conservative Jewish congregation and  synagogue, located on a 6.5-acre (2.6 ha) campus overlooking Lake Michigan at 1175 Sheridan Road in Highland Park, a northern suburb of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States.

Beth El was founded in 1946 following a series of parlor meetings in Glencoe, Illinois, initiated by Benjamin and Gertrude Harris. The synagogue was incorporated as an Illinois not-for-profit corporation in July 1947 with Arnold P. Natenberg as its first president.

Highland Park, Illinois
Highland Park is a city in Lake County, Illinois, United States. Per the 2020 census, its population was 30,176.  As a suburb of Chicago, Highland Park is located on the North Shore of the Chicago metropolitan area, about 25 miles (40 km) north of downtown. According to the United States Census Bureau, the median household income in Highland Park exceeded an estimated $159,567 in 2022.
James Lanman
James Lanman (June 14, 1767 – August 7, 1841) was an American lawyer and politician from Connecticut who served in the United States Senate from 1819 to 1825. He was a cousin of Presidents John Adams and John Quincy Adams.

Norwich, Connecticut
Norwich (/ˈnɔːrwɪtʃ/ NOR-wich) is a city in New London County, Connecticut, United States. The Yantic, Shetucket, and Quinebaug Rivers flow into the city and form its harbor, from which the Thames River flows south to Long Island Sound. The city is part of the Southeastern Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 40,125 at the 2020 United States Census.
2023 IHF Men's Super Globe
‌The 2023 IHF Men's Super Globe was the 17th edition of the yearly club world championship in handball, held from 7 to 12 November 2023 in Dammam, Saudi Arabia under the aegis of the International Handball Federation (IHF). It was the fourth time in history that the event was organised by the Saudi Arabian Handball Federation.

SC Magdeburg defeated Füchse Berlin to win their third consecutive title.

Saudi Arabian Handball Federation
The Saudi Arabian Handball Federation (SAHF) (Arabic: الاتحاد العربي السعودي لكرة اليد) is the governing body of handball and beach handball in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Founded in 1975, SAHF is affiliated to the International Handball Federation and Asian Handball Federation. SAHF is also affiliated to the Saudi Arabian Olympic Committee, West Asian Handball Federation and the Arab Handball Federation. It is based in Riyadh.
T in the Park 2014
T in the Park 2014 was a three-day music festival which took place between 10–13 July 2014 in Balado, Kinross, the 21st festival since it was founded in 1994. It was the last T in the Park festival to be held in Balado as it will be moved to Strathallan Castle for T in the Park 2015. Arctic Monkeys were the first to be announced on 19 November 2013 as a headliner act. For the first time the Saturday night entertainment was extended by an hour to finish at 1 am.

T in the Park
T in the Park festival was a major Scottish music festival that was held annually from 1994 to 2016. It was named after its main sponsor, Tennents. The event was held at Strathclyde Park, Lanarkshire, until 1996. It then moved to the disused Balado airfield, Perth and Kinross, from 1997 to 2014. In 2015 the festival moved to Strathallan Castle. It was originally held over two days, and extended to three days from 2007. In 2016 the daily capacity was 70,000.

The 2017 T in the Park was cancelled due to problems at the 2016 event. It was officially replaced with the TRNSMT festival which takes place on the same weekend at Glasgow Green. The 2017 festival was a success and further editions of TRNSMT followed in 2018 and 2019. In July 2019, the festival organiser, Geoff Ellis, confirmed that T in the Park would not be returning.
2021 Atlanta Open
The 2021 Atlanta Open (also known as the Truist Atlanta Open for sponsorship reasons) is a professional tennis tournament to be played on hard courts. It is the 33rd edition of the tournament, and part of the 2021 ATP Tour. It take place at Atlantic Station in Atlanta, United States between July 24 and August 1, 2021. The tournament is hosted in the same week as the 2020 Summer Olympics.

Atlanta Open (tennis)
The Atlanta Open was a professional men's tennis tournament that was played in the Atlanta area in the United States from 2010 to 2024, usually during July or August. The tournament was played on outdoor hard courts as part of the USTA's US Open Series, the seven-week summer season lead-up to the U.S. Open. The Atlanta Open was known as the Atlanta Tennis Championships for its first two years before signing BB&T as a title sponsor in 2012. In 2015, the tournament was acquired by GF Sports from its then-owners, the USTA.

The event was removed from the 2025 calendar.
Panyam Assembly constituency
Panyam Assembly constituency is a constituency partially in Kurnool district and Nandyal district of Andhra Pradesh that elects represtatives to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in India. It is one of the seven assembly segments of Nandyal Lok Sabha constituency.

Gowru Charitha Reddy is the current MLA of the constituency, having won the 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election from Telugu Desam Party. As of 25 March 2019, there are a total of 288,031 electors in the constituency. The constituency was established in 1967, as per the Delimitation Orders (1967).

Nandyal district
Nandyal district is a district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh with Nandyal as its administrative headquarters, it was formed on 4 April 2022 to become one of the resultant 26 districts. It is part of the Rayalaseema region. The district consists of Nandyal revenue division and a newly formed Dhone revenue division, Banaganapalle revenue division and Atmakur revenue division from Kurnool district.
Movement for the Future of Curaçao
The Movement for the Future of Curaçao (Dutch: Beweging voor de Toekomst van Curaçao, Papiamento: Movementu Futuro Kòrsou, MFK) is a political party in Curaçao, founded by Gerrit Schotte in 2010, which has 13 of the 21 seats in the Parliament of Curaçao after the 2025 Curaçao election.

The party entered the island council of Curaçao (which became the Estates of Curaçao on 10 October 2010) after the general election of 27 August 2010 as the second largest party, winning 5 of 21 seats. Its leader Gerrit Schotte became the first Prime Minister of Curaçao in a coalition cabinet of MFK, PS and MAN. In March 2017 Gilmar Pisas became the second MFK prime minister of Curaçao.

In April 2017 party leader Schotte stated he wished to obtain independence for Curaçao. This was later walked back by Gilmar Pisas, Schotte's successor as leader.

Partido MAN
Partido MAN is a political party in Curaçao founded in 1971, which has two of the 21 seats of the Estates of Curaçao after the Curaçao general election of 2021. In the elections preceding the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles the party gained two seats as well and joined the coalition government.
Outline of fishing
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to fishing:

Fishing – activity of trying to catch fish. Fish are normally caught in the wild. Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.

Trawling
Trawling is an industrial method of fishing that involves pulling a fishing net through the water behind one or more boats. The net used for trawling is called a trawl. This principle requires netting bags which are towed through water to catch different species of fishes or sometimes targeted species. Trawls are often called towed gear or dragged gear.

The boats that are used for trawling are called trawlers or draggers. Trawlers vary in size from small open boats with as little as 30 hp (22 kW) engines to large factory trawlers with over 10,000 hp (7.5 MW). Trawling can be carried out by one trawler or by two trawlers fishing cooperatively (pair trawling).

Trawling can be contrasted with trolling. While trawling involves a net and is typically done for commercial usage, trolling instead involves a reel, rod and a bait or a lure and is typically done for recreational purposes. Trawling is also commonly used as a scientific sampling, or survey, method.