hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Property law in China
Chinese property law has existed in various forms for centuries. Since the Chinese Communist Revolution in 1949, collectivities or the state have owned most of the land;
the Property Law of the People's Republic of China passed in 2007 codified property-rights.

Collective farming
Collective farming and communal farming are various types of agricultural production in which multiple farmers run their holdings as a joint enterprise. There are two broad types of communal farms: agricultural cooperatives, in which member-owners jointly engage in farming activities as a collective; and state farms, which are owned and directly run by a centralized government. The process by which farmland is aggregated is called collectivization.
Baghat-e Qaraval
Baghat-e Qaraval (Persian: باغات قراول, also Romanized as Bāghāt-e Qarāval) is a village in Darian Rural District, in the Central District of Shiraz County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 30, in 12 families.

Darian Rural District
Darian Rural District (Persian: دهستان داريان) is in Darian District of Shiraz County, Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Dowdej. The rural district was previously administered from the city of Darian.
Ashish Kumar Louho
Ashish Kumar Louho (10 October 1937 – 4 November 1994) was a Bangladeshi film actor, playwright, dialogue writer and story writer. He won Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the film Parineeta (1986).

Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor
Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor (Bengali: জাতীয় চলচ্চিত্র পুরস্কার) is the highest award for actors in a supporting role in Bangladesh. It was awarded up to now 47 times from 1975 (1st) until 2022 (47th). The actor most often awarded is Fazlur Rahman Babu.
St Vincents GAA
St Vincents is a Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) club based in Marino, on the northside of Dublin, Ireland. The club was founded in 1931. Although the club's grounds were in Raheny for a number of years, it moved to its home back into Marino in 1987. St Vincents merged with Marino Camogie Club in 1997 to form the St. Vincents Hurling, Football and Camogie Club. St Vincents have won the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship on three occasions, most recently in 2014. They are the most successful side in the Dublin Senior Football championship having won the title 29 times. The club has also won 17 Dublin Senior 1 camogie titles (6 as Marino).

Dublin Minor Hurling Championship
The Dublin Minor Club Hurling Championship is a Gaelic Athletic Association competition between the top teams in minor club hurling in County Dublin. Clontarf GAA are the current title holders. The Dublin Minor Club Hurling Championship is regarded as the pinnacle of the season.
Microseris elegans
Microseris elegans is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name elegant silverpuffs. It is native to California and Baja California, where it grows in the valleys, foothills, and coastal mountain ranges. Its habitat includes grassland, sometimes near vernal pools, and especially clay soils.

Vernal pool
Vernal pools, also called vernal ponds or ephemeral pools, are seasonal pools of water that provide habitat for distinctive plants and animals. They are considered to be a unique type of wetland usually devoid of fish, and thus allow the safe development of natal amphibian and insect species unable to withstand competition or predation by fish. Certain tropical fish lineages (such as killifishes) have however, adapted to this habitat specifically.

Vernal pools are a type of wetland. They can be surrounded by many communities/species, including deciduous forest, grassland, lodgepole pine forest, blue oak woodland, sagebrush steppe, succulent coastal scrub and prairie. These pools are characteristic of Mediterranean climates, but occur in many other ecosystems.
Anomogenes
Anomogenes is a monotypic genus of moths in the Geometrinae subfamily of the Geometridae family of geometer moths. It consists of only the Anomogenes morphnopa species found in Western Queensland, Australia. Alfred Jefferis Turner first described the species in 1932.

Geometrinae
Geometrinae is the nominate subfamily of the geometer moth family (Geometridae). It is strongly split, containing a considerable number of tribes of which most are presently very small or monotypic. These small moths are often a light bluish green, leading to the common name of emerald moths, though a few species called thus are also found in the tribe Campaeini of the Ennominae. In 2018, a phylogeny and classification based on a molecular phylogenetic analysis was published in the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society in which 13 tribes were accepted.

There are about 2,300 described species, mostly from the tropics.
Zeitschrift für Physik
Zeitschrift für Physik (English: Journal for Physics) is a defunct series of German peer-reviewed physics journals established in 1920 by Springer Berlin Heidelberg. The series ended publication in 1997, when it merged with other journals to form the new European Physical Journal series. It had expanded to four parts over the years.

German Physical Society
The German Physical Society (German: Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft, DPG) is the oldest organisation of physicists. DPG's 2025 worldwide membership is cited as 50,668, with a peak of 63,012 in 2014. It holds an annual conference (Jahrestagung) and multiple spring conferences (Frühjahrstagungen), which are held at various locations and along topical subjects of given sections of the DPG.
The DPG concerns the fields of pure and applied physics and aims to foster connections among German physicists, as well as the exchange of ideas between its members and foreign colleagues. The bylaws of the DPG commit the organization and its members to maintain scientific integrity and ethics, including freedom, tolerance, truthfulness, and dignity in scientific work, as well as the promotion of gender equality in the fields of physics and related sciences.
Team Iron
Team Iron is a professional swimming team co-owned by Katinka Hosszú, and a founding member of the International Swimming League (ISL). The team is based in Budapest, Hungary, led by general manager Dorina Szekeres and head coach Jozsef Nagy.

During the inaugural season in 2019, they finished third in the European group and failed to advance to the ISL Grand Finale hosted at the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino in Las Vegas.

The team hosted one of the seven matches of the inaugural season in the Duna Arena, in Budapest, where they placed second in front of the home crowd. The visiting teams were London Roar, LA Current and New York Breakers.

LA Current
The LA Current is a professional swimming club and one of the original eight clubs of the International Swimming League. The team is based in Los Angeles led by general manager Lenny Krayzelburg and head coach David Marsh.

During the inaugural season in 2019 they earned their spot in the final as one of the top two teams in their division. They secured their spot in the Final by winning the US Derby. The Current finished 4th place in 2019 ISL Finals.
Splitska
Splitska is an ancient village on the island of Brač in Croatia. The population is 368 (census 2011).

The village got its name from a derivative of Split (the second largest city in Croatia with over 200,000 inhabitants). The village name was first mentioned in the year 1577 AD, when Mihovil Cerinić (Cerineo) from Škrip built a small castle in the village.

Splitska is approximately six km distant from the main town on Brač called Supetar and 25 km from Brač airport. It is easily accessible by car and it is connected daily with Supetar by bus. In summer there's a possibility of transport by small ship which sails from Split directly to Splitska. The village has numerous amenities for holidays including restaurants, shops, tennis courts, and a post office.

Brač Airport
Brač Airport (Croatian: Zračna luka Brač; IATA: BWK, ICAO: LDSB) is an airport on the Croatian island of Brač, close to the town of Bol, after which it is sometimes also named informally. It is one of three island airports in the country (the other two being Krk Island's Rijeka Airport and Lošinj Airport on the eponymous island) used for commercial passenger flights, mainly charter traffic from Europe during the summer season.
Puerto Morelos
Puerto Morelos (Spanish pronunciation: ['pweɾto mo'ɾelos]) is a municipality, town, and seaport in Quintana Roo, Mexico's easternmost state, on the Yucatán Peninsula. The town is located in the northeast of the state, about 36 km (22 mi) south of the resort city of Cancún, and about 30 km (19 mi) north of the city of Playa del Carmen.

Puerto Morelos merged with the village of Leona Vicario on December 6, 2015, to form the municipality of Puerto Morelos, the 11th municipality in Quintana Roo, separating from its former municipality of Benito Juárez.

Puerto Morales is a small coastal village with two main roads running along the shoreline. The village includes a variety of tourist-oriented shops, restaurants, and cafés. Despite its modest size, it offers a relatively wide range of amenities for both residents and visitors.

Cancún
Cancún is the most populous city in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo, located in southeast Mexico on the northeast coast of the Yucatán Peninsula. It is a significant tourist destination in Mexico and the seat of the municipality of Benito Juárez. The city is situated on the Caribbean Sea and is one of Mexico's easternmost points. Cancún is located just north of Mexico's Caribbean coast resort area known as the Riviera Maya. It encompasses the Hotel Zone which is the main area for tourism.
Palgrave's Golden Treasury
The Golden Treasury of English Songs and Lyrics is a popular anthology of English poetry, originally selected for publication by Francis Turner Palgrave in 1861. It was considerably revised, with input from Alfred, Lord Tennyson, about three decades later. Palgrave excluded all poems by poets then still alive.

The book continues to be published in regular new editions; still under Palgrave's name. These reproduce Palgrave's selections and notes, but usually include a supplement of more recent poems. Christopher Ricks in 1991 produced a scholarly edition of the original Treasury, along with an account of its evolution from 1861 to 1891, with inclusions and exclusions.

Richard Barnfield
Richard Barnfield (baptized 29 June 1574 – 1620) was an English poet. His relationship with William Shakespeare has long made him interesting to scholars. It has been suggested that he was the "rival poet" mentioned in Shakespeare's sonnets.
Abdulla Rasheed
Abdulla Rasheed (c. 1956 – 29 May 2013), commonly known as Juliet Abdulla Rasheed or simply Jooley, was a Maldivian footballer who played as a defender. He is remembered as the first player to score a goal for the Maldives national team.

Rasheed was widely known by the nickname Jooley, derived from his family house name, G. Juliet.

President's Cup (Maldives)
President's Cup (known before 2005 as the National Championship) is said to be the first football tournament in the Maldives and the birth of football in the Maldives. The first tournament was held in 1946, with Customs and Naadhee Ahthamadhun sharing the trophy. The current format of the President's Cup allows only the top four teams of the Dhivehi Premier League to participate.
Harttiella janmoli
Harttiella janmoli is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Loricariidae, the mailed catfishes, and the subfamily Loricariinae, the armoured suckermouth catfishes. This catfish is known only from a small forest creek near Cottica Mountain in French Guiana, at an elevation of 515 m (1,690 ft) above sea level. This species reaches a standard length of 4.7 cm (1.9 in).. It was described in 2012 as part of a taxonomic review of members of the loricariid tribe Harttiini native to the Guianas.

Loricariidae
Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, Hypostomus plecostomus, and are popular as aquarium fish.
1895 Inverness Burghs by-election
The 1895 Inverness Burghs by-election was a parliamentary by-election held on 31 August 1895 for the UK House of Commons constituency of Inverness Burghs, which was made up of the towns of Inverness, Fortrose, Forres and Nairn in the Scottish Highlands.

Inverness Burghs (UK Parliament constituency)
Inverness Burghs was a district of burghs constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain (at Westminster) from 1708 to 1801 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (also at Westminster) from 1801 to 1918. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP).

There was also, 1708 to 1918, the Inverness-shire constituency, which was, as its name implies, a county constituency.
Jack Daniels (coach)
Jack Tupper Daniels (April 26, 1933 – September 12, 2025) was an American exercise physiologist, running coach and a coach of Olympic athletes. Named "The World's Best Coach" by Runner's World magazine, he led SUNY Cortland runners to eight NCAA Division III National Championships, 31 individual national titles, and more than 130 All-America awards. Daniels outlined his training philosophies in the 1998 book, Daniels' Running Formula. He mentored and coached some of the top distance runners in the United States, including Jim Ryun, Joan Benoit, Ken Martin, Jerry Lawson, and Magdalena Lewy-Boulet.

Jerry Lawson (runner)
Jerry Lawson (born July 2, 1966) is a retired American long-distance runner who held a national record in the marathon. He won the 1992 Jacksonville Marathon in a course best time of 2:14.33 which thirty years later is still the male record.  In 1993, Lawson bettered his marathon time by over three minutes, clocking a (still valid) course record time of 2:10:27 while winning the California International Marathon. After finishing in second place in the 1996 Chicago Marathon, Lawson set his P.R. of 2:09:35 in the 1997 Chicago Marathon behind winner Khalid Khannouchi.

In the mid-1980s, Lawson competed in cross country and track for Mohawk Valley Community College.
American Nerd
American Nerd: The Story of My People is a book by Benjamin Nugent. The book discusses the history and origin of the term nerd, as well as what the term means in today's age. Some of the important topics discussed include the racial differences for the term nerd, such as how race played into Urkel, a nerdy character played by Jaleel White on the TV series Family Matters.

Nerd
A nerd is a person seen as over-intellectual, obsessive, introverted, or lacking social skills. Such a person may spend inordinate amounts of time on unpopular, little-known, or non-mainstream activities, which are generally either highly technical, abstract, or relating to niche topics such as science fiction or fantasy, to the exclusion of more mainstream activities. Additionally, many so-called nerds are described as being shy, quirky, pedantic, and unattractive.

Originally derogatory, the term "nerd" was a stereotype, but as with other pejoratives, it has been reclaimed and redefined by some as a term of pride and group identity. The term may be considered a synonym for geek.
Laurent Baffie
Laurent Baffie (born 18 April 1958 in Montreuil) is a French author, short film director and humorist.

Baffie (often only called by his last name) is famous for his funny hidden cameras, sens of repartee, biting humour as well as musical and animal culture.

Les Grosses Têtes
Les Grosses Têtes (French pronunciation: [le ɡʁos tɛt];"The Big Heads" or "The Big Brains" in English) is a daily comedy radio programme on the French language RTL radio network. Broadcast since 1 April 1977, the current host since 2014 has been Laurent Ruquier.

Presently broadcast from 15:30 to 18:00 in France and Belgium (on Bel RTL) this show has several regular segments. The first quarter of the show is hard-hitting news and the next quarter deals with cultural issues. Then, for the next 30 minutes the host takes phone calls from listeners. Finally, guests are interviewed and joked about (these jokes are called gauloises on the show). Part of the format is when guests are asked questions sent in by the listeners, the most famous being Mme Leprieur.
2024 UTEP Miners football team
The 2024 UTEP Miners football team represented the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) as a member of Conference USA (C-USA) during the 2024 NCAA Division I FCS football season. Led by first-year head coach Scotty Walden, the Miners compiled an overall record of 3–9 with a mark of 3–5 in conference play, tying for sixth place in C-USA. The team played home games at the Sun Bowl in El Paso, Texas.

Sun Bowl (stadium)
The Sun Bowl is an outdoor football stadium in the Southwestern United States, on the campus of the University of Texas at El Paso. It is home to the UTEP Miners of Conference USA, and the late December college football bowl game, the Sun Bowl. The stadium opened in 1963 and has a nominal seating capacity of 51,500, although UTEP currently lists the capacity as 45,971.
Proto-Balto-Slavic language
Proto-Balto-Slavic (PBS or PBSl) is a reconstructed proto-language descending from Proto-Indo-European (PIE). From Proto-Balto-Slavic, the later Balto-Slavic languages are thought to have developed, composed of the Baltic and Slavic sub-branches, and including modern Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish, Russian and Serbo-Croatian, among others.

Like most other proto-languages, it is not attested by any surviving texts but has been reconstructed using the comparative method. There are several isoglosses that Baltic and Slavic languages share in phonology, morphology and accentology, which represent common innovations from Proto-Indo-European times and can be chronologically arranged.

Samogitian language
Samogitian (endonym: žemaitiu kalba or sometimes žemaitiu rokunda, žemaitiu šnekta or žemaitiu ruoda; Lithuanian: žemaičių tarmė, žemaičių kalba) is an Eastern Baltic language spoken primarily in Samogitia, that is often considered a dialect of Lithuanian.

It has preserved many features of the extinct Curonian language, such as specific phonological traits and vocabulary. Samogitian differs significantly from standard Lithuanian in phonetics, morphology, syntax, and lexis, with unique archaic features not found in other Lithuanian dialects. This difference often causes speakers of Aukštaitian dialects to not be able to understand speakers of Samogitian. The use of Samogitian is currently in decline, with limited presence in media and education. Efforts are being made to preserve the language, including local initiatives and cultural societies.
Aue, Saxony
Aue (German pronunciation: [ˈaʊ̯ə] ⓘ) is a small town in Germany at the outlet of the river Schwarzwasser into the river Zwickauer Mulde in the Ore Mountains, and has roughly 16,000 inhabitants. It was merged into the new town Aue-Bad Schlema in January 2019. Aue was the administrative seat of the former district of Aue-Schwarzenberg in Saxony, and is part of the Erzgebirgskreis since August 2008. It belongs to the Silberberg Town League (Städtebund Silberberg)

The mining town has been known for its copper, titanium, and kaolinite. The town was a machine-building and cutlery manufacturing centre in East German times and is now developing tourism, as the Silver Road (Silberstraße) runs through town. The town is also known for the football club FC Erzgebirge Aue, which is currently playing in the 3rd German division (3. Bundesliga)

Aue was until 1991 a centre of the Sowjetisch-Deutsche Aktiengesellschaft Wismut (“Soviet-German Wismut Corporation”, or SDAG Wismut).

FC Erzgebirge Aue
Fußball Club Erzgebirge Aue e.V., commonly known as simply FC Erzgebirge Aue or Erzgebirge Aue (German pronunciation: [ˌeːɐ̯t͡sɡəbɪʁɡə ˈaʊ̯ə] ⓘ), is a German football club based in Aue-Bad Schlema, Saxony. The former East German side was a founding member of the 3. Liga in 2008–09, after being relegated from the 2. Bundesliga in 2007–08. The city of Aue-Bad Schlema has a population of about 20,800, making it one of the smallest cities to ever host a club playing at the second highest level of German football. However, the team attracts supporters from a larger urban area that includes Chemnitz and Zwickau, whose own football sides (CFC and FSV) are among Aue's traditional rivals.
Garriston
Garriston is a hamlet and civil parish north-east of Leyburn in North Yorkshire, England. In 2015, North Yorkshire County Council estimated the population at 20. At the 2011 census the population remained less than 100. Details are included in the parish of West Hauxwell.

From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Richmondshire, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

East Hauxwell
East Hauxwell or Hauxwell is a village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It is located south of Catterick Garrison.

From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Richmondshire, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

To the west of the village lies the Grade II* listed Hauxwell Hall, a 17th-century country house belonging to the Dalton family.

The name Hauxwell probably derives from the Old English Hafocswella meaning 'Hafoc's spring' or 'hawk's spring'. Alternatively, the first element may be derived from the Old Norse personal name Haukr.
Contemporary history of Spain
The contemporary history of Spain is the historiographical discipline and a historical period of Spanish history. However, conventionally, Spanish historiography tends to consider as an initial milestone not the French Revolution, nor the Independence of the United States or the English Industrial Revolution, but a decisive local event: the beginning of the Spanish War of Independence (1808).

Moderantism
Moderantism was, together with Progressivism, one of the two main currents of 19th century Spanish liberalism. It had its origins in the so-called moderates during the Liberal Triennium, who during the reign of Isabella II formed a party, the Moderate Party, which was the party that remained in power the longest and managed to integrate the "reformist" absolutists into its ranks. The less conservative sector of the Moderate Party formed the Liberal Union in 1854. During the Restoration, the members of the Moderate Party joined Antonio Cánovas del Castillo's Liberal-Conservative Party.

Their European points of reference were French doctrinairianism and British conservatism. Their adversary in Spanish public life was progressive liberalism, although both constituted the only part of the political spectrum institutionally accepted for the political game, the so-called dynastic parties.