hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1879 City of Dunedin by-election
The 1879 City of Dunedin by-election was a by-election held  on 15 July 1879 in the City of Dunedin electorate in Dunedin during the 6th New Zealand Parliament.

The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, Robert Stout.

The winner of the by-election was William Downie Stewart Sr.

His opponent Charles Reeves "got the Catholic block vote" and religion in education was a factor in several by-elections in 1879 (e.g. in Auckland and Nelson).

City of Dunedin (New Zealand electorate)
City of Dunedin, during the first two parliaments called Town of Dunedin, was a parliamentary electorate in Dunedin in Otago, New Zealand. It was one of the original electorates created in 1853 and existed, with two breaks, until 1905. The first break, from 1862 to 1866, was caused by an influx of people through the Otago gold rush, when many new electorates were formed in Otago. The second break occurred from 1881 to 1890. It was the only New Zealand electorate that was created as a single-member, two-member and three member electorate.
Angelis
Angelis was a British classical singing group created by Simon Cowell. It was initially formed in early 2006 and was made up of six children, who were then aged between 11 and 14. The children were discovered during nationwide auditions led by Ron Corp and from recommendations and contacts with some UK choirs, including the Royal Scottish National Orchestra and New London Children's Choir.

Their eponymous debut album was released on 6 November 2006. It sold over 350,000 copies and reached platinum status, reaching number two on the UK album charts and Number one on the Scottish album charts. The group members received a platinum disc on GMTV. In early 2007, Cowell disbanded the group, partly as a result of complications with a planned overseas tour.

New London Children's Choir
The New London Children's Choir was a children's choir which rehearsed at Highgate Primary School in North London and, latterly, All Hallows, Gospel Oak, giving singing opportunities to members aged seven to eighteen. Members were from London and surrounding areas. It was founded in 1991 by Artistic Director Ronald Corp, creating rehearsals in July 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic before briefly returning to performances in December 2023. The choir was officially dissolved in February 2024 according to Companies House. As well as performing its own concerts, the choir sang with orchestras and ensembles in many concert halls and opera houses worldwide and features on several film and TV soundtracks and CDs.
Tahu campur
Tahu campur, literally meaning "mixed tofu" in Javanese language and broader Indonesian language, is an East Javanese tofu dish. The dish consists of sliced tahu goreng (fried tofu), lontong (rice cakes), lentho (fried black-eyed pea patty) or sometimes replaced by perkedel (potato or cassava patty cakes), fresh bean sprouts, fresh lettuce, yellow noodles, and krupuk crackers, served in savoury beef stew, garnished with fried onions, and sambal chili sauce. The beef stew soup is seasoned with spices and petis, a type of shrimp paste commonly used in East Javanese cuisine.

The dish is associated with Surabaya metropolitan area (Gerbangkertosusila), which includes Surabaya, Lamongan, Gresik, and Sidoarjo. This dish is commonly sold by street vendors in major Indonesian cities, especially in Java, with the tarp tent shop or warung usually called their establishments as "Tahu Campur Lamongan".

Perkedel
Perkedel are vegetable fritters from Indonesian cuisine. They are most commonly made from mashed potatoes; however, there are other popular variations, such as perkedel jagung (peeled maize perkedel), perkedel tahu (tofu perkedel), and perkedel ikan (minced fish perkedel). The dish is called begedil in Javanese as well as in Malaysia and Singapore, suggesting that this fried dish was introduced by Javanese immigrants to Malaysia and Singapore.
Prince Frederik of Hesse
Prince Frederik of Hesse, Landgrave Friedrich of Hesse-Cassel (24 May 1771 – 24 February 1845) was a Danish-German nobleman, field marshal and governor-general of Norway (1810–1813) and the same in the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein (1836–1842).

Rendsburg
Rendsburg (German pronunciation: [ˈʁɛntsbʊʁk] ⓘ; Danish: Rendsborg, also Rensborg, Low German: Rendsborg, also Rensborg) is a town on the River Eider and the Kiel Canal in the central part of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is the capital of the Kreis (district) of Rendsburg-Eckernförde. As of 2006, it had a population of 28,476
William Lightfoot Price
William Lightfoot Price (November 9, 1861 – October 14, 1916) was an American architect, a pioneer in the use of reinforced concrete, and a founder of the utopian communities of Arden, Delaware and Rose Valley, Pennsylvania.

Frank Furness
Frank Heyling Furness (November 12, 1839 – June 27, 1912) was an American architect of the Victorian era. He designed more than 600 buildings, most in the Philadelphia area, and is remembered for his diverse, muscular, often inordinately scaled buildings, and for his influence on the Chicago-based architect Louis Sullivan. Furness also received a Medal of Honor for bravery during the Civil War. He worked with custom furniture maker Daniel Pabst.

The son of abolitionist William Henry Furness, Shakespearean scholar Horace Howard Furness was his brother. Toward the end of his life, his bold style fell out of fashion, and many of his significant works were demolished in the 20th century. Among his most important surviving buildings are the University of Pennsylvania Library, now the Fisher Fine Arts Library, the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, and the First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia, all in Philadelphia, and the Baldwin School Residence Hall in Bryn Mawr.
Taddeo Manfredi
Taddeo Manfredi (1431 – c. 1486) was Lord of Imola from 1448 until 1473. As a condottiere (mercenary leader), he was commander in the Florentine (1443–1448 and 1452) and Neapolitan (1448–1452) armies.

After inheriting the seigniory of Imola after the death of his father, Guidantonio Manfredi, he struggled long with his uncle Astorre II Manfredi, who held Faenza. The two reconciled in 1463, but the war resumed four years later. In 1467, after having been besieged in Imola by Alessandro and Costanzo Sforza, he fought in the Battle of Molinella.

In 1471, his son Guidoriccio rebelled against him, and Manfredi was imprisoned under the authority of the Milanese general Roberto da Sanseverino. In 1472, he was freed, but the city rebelled against him. The following year, he sold the city for 40,000 ducats to Cardinal Pietro Riario, who ceded it to Girolamo Riario. In 1482, he fought against the latter and was declared rebel by the Pope.

Girolamo Riario
Girolamo Riario (1443 – 14 April 1488) was Lord of Imola (from 1473) and Count of Forlì (from 1480). He served as Captain General of the Church under his uncle Pope Sixtus IV. He was one of the organisers of the failed 1478 Pazzi conspiracy against the Medici family, the rulers of Florence, and was assassinated 10 years later by members of the Forlivese Orsi family.
John Livingston Nevius
John Livingston Nevius (4 March 1829 – 19 October 1893) was an American Protestant missionary in China for forty years, appointed by the American Presbyterian Mission; his ideas on mission organization were also very important in the spread of the church in Korea. He wrote several books on the themes of Chinese religions, customs and social life, and missionary work.

Presbyterian Mission Agency
Presbyterian Mission Agency is the ministry and mission agency of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). Founded as the Western Foreign Missionary Society by the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America in 1837, it was involved in sending workers to countries such as China during the late Qing dynasty and to India in the nineteenth century. Also known as the Foreign Missions Board in China, its name was changed by the Old School body during the Old School–New School Controversy to the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions.
Paula Creamer
Paula Creamer (born August 5, 1986) is an American professional golfer on the U.S.-based LPGA Tour. As a professional, she has won 12 tournaments, including 10 LPGA Tour events. Creamer has been as high as number 2 in the Women's World Golf Rankings. She was the 2010 U.S. Women's Open champion. As of the end of the 2023 season, Creamer was 19th on the all-time LPGA career money list with earnings of $12,161,187.

As an amateur, Creamer won numerous junior golf titles, including 11 American Junior Golf Association (AJGA) tournaments. Creamer joined the LPGA Tour in the 2005 season, and her victory in that year's Sybase Classic made her the LPGA's second-youngest event winner.

2009 Solheim Cup
The 11th Solheim Cup Matches were held August 21–23, 2009 at Rich Harvest Farms in Sugar Grove, Illinois, west of Chicago. The biennial matches are a three-day team competition for professional female golfers, pitting the 12 best players born in the United States against the 12 best players of European nationality.

The United States claimed the Cup for the third consecutive meeting, winning 16–12. Entering the final day, the competition was tied at 8 points each, but the U.S. won eight of the dozen singles matches to retain the Solheim Cup.
Amigos del Pandeño
The Civil Association Amigos del Pandeño was created in 2008. It is a local non-profit conservation organization based in Julimes, Chihuahua, Mexico. Its mission is to conserve and protect the Natural Heritage of the people of Julimes, Chihuahua, with special emphasis on the micro-endemic aquatic fauna which distribution range is restricted to “El Pandeño” hotspring. Through its Technical Council, Amigos del Pandeño supports scientific research and a Vital Signs Monitoring Program that informs management decision making processes that are related to the natural resources of Julimes.

Pronatura Noreste
Pronatura Noreste is a Mexican nongovernmental, nonprofit organization recognized by the National Council of Science and Technology as a scientific and educational organization. Pronatura Noreste is one of six regional offices of the Pronatura México, and has its headquarters in Monterrey, Nuevo León. It also has offices in Matamoros, Tamaulipas; Cuatro Ciénegas, Coahuila; San Rafael, Nuevo León; Janos, Chihuahua; and Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas.

The organization was created in 1998 by an executive board of trustees committed to nature conservation.

Its mission is the conservation of flora, fauna and priority ecosystems of northeastern Mexico by promoting society's development in harmony with nature.
Montmagny station
Montmagny station is a Via Rail station in Montmagny, Quebec, Canada. It is a request stop on the Ocean line. It also served the Montreal–Gaspé train until Via Rail suspended service in August 2013 due to poor track conditions.

Montmagny, Quebec
Montmagny (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃maɲi] ⓘ) is a city in the Montmagny Regional County Municipality within the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec, Canada. It is the county seat and had a population, as of the 2021 Canadian census, of 10,999.

The city is on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River, 80 kilometres (50 mi) east of Quebec City, and was founded more than 350 years ago. It is Canada's Snow Goose Capital, and festivals include the International Accordion Festival in September and the Festival of the Snow Geese in October.

The city was named after Charles de Montmagny, the first to have the title of governor of New France; Samuel de Champlain was commander in chief.

Montmagny was the county seat of the former Montmagny County.
1999 SANFL Grand Final
The 1999 South Australian National Football League (SANFL) Grand Final saw the Port Adelaide Magpies defeat the Norwood Redlegs by 8 points.
The match was played on Sunday 3 October 1999 at Football Park in front of a crowd of 39,135.
.

Doug Robertson in The Advertiser described the game as "the most entertaining and skilful SANFL grand final in decades" and "one of its (Port's) most satisfying and remarkable comeback wins".

This was Port Adelaide's 36th premiership, and ninth in twelve years.

Simon Tregenza
Simon Lee Tregenza (born 9 March 1971) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Adelaide Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). An old-fashioned wingman, Tregenza is a four-time SANFL premiership player with the Port Adelaide Football Club, but missed out on Adelaide's back-to-back premierships due to persistent soft tissue injuries.
Jilin–Shulan railway
The Jilin–Shulan railway, named the Jishu Railway (simplified Chinese: 吉舒铁路; traditional Chinese: 吉舒鐵路; pinyin: Jíshū Tiělù), is a 90 km (56 mi) single-track railway line in Northeast China running from Jilin to Shulan. At Jilin, which is the terminus of the Shenji Railway, it connects to the Changtu Railway and the Changhun Intercity Railway, and at Shulan it connects to the Labin Railway and the Taoshu Railway.

Jilin City
Jilin City is the second-largest city and former capital of Jilin province in northeast China. As of the 2020 census, 3,623,713 people resided within its administrative area of 27,166.37 square kilometres (10,488.99 sq mi) and 1,895,865 in its built-up (or metro) area consisting of four urban districts. A prefecture-level city, it is the only major city nationally that shares its name with its province.

Jilin City is also known as the River City because of the Songhua River surrounding much of the city. In 2007, it co-hosted the Asian Winter Games.
Protein primary structure
Protein primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein. By convention, the primary structure of a protein is reported starting from the amino-terminal (N) end to the carboxyl-terminal (C) end. Protein biosynthesis is most commonly performed by ribosomes in cells. Peptides can also be synthesized in the laboratory. Protein primary structures can be directly sequenced, or inferred from DNA sequences.

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (pronunciationⓘ) or glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) is a phosphoglyceride that can be attached to the C-terminus of a protein during posttranslational modification. The resulting GPI-anchored proteins play key roles in a wide variety of biological processes. GPI is composed of a phosphatidylinositol group linked through a carbohydrate-containing linker (glucosamine and mannose glycosidically bound to the inositol residue) and via an ethanolamine phosphate (EtNP) bridge to the C-terminal amino acid of a mature protein. The two fatty acids within the hydrophobic phosphatidyl-inositol group anchor the protein to the cell membrane.
Răbăgani
Răbăgani (Hungarian: Robogány) is a commune in Bihor County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Albești (Fehérlak), Brătești, Răbăgani, Săliște de Pomezeu (Papmezőszeleste), Săucani (Szokány) and Vărășeni (Veresfalva). It is located about 50 km south of Oradea. It was mostly Hungarian until 1955, when it became equally split 50/50 with the Romanian community. In 2002, it was 94.2% Romanian and 5.7% Roma.

Oradea
Oradea (UK: /ɒˈrɑːdiə/, US: /ɔːˈr-, -djɑː/, Romanian: [oˈrade̯a]; Hungarian: Nagyvárad [ˈnɒɟvaːrɒd]; German: Großwardein [ˌɡʁoːsvaʁˈdaɪn]) is the capital of the Crișana region in Romania. It serves as the administrative centre of Bihor County. The city is situated on both banks of the Crișul Repede River.

As of 2021, Oradea is Romania's ninth most populous city. It is located approximately 10 km (6.2 mi) from the Hungarian border. The municipality covers 11,556 hectares (28,560 acres) and lies between the Apuseni Mountains and the Crișana-Banat plain.

The Oradea Fortress is a historic fortification located within the city, whose origins date back to the 11th century when it served as an episcopal residence and religious centre. Throughout the Middle Ages, the fortress played a strategic role in the border region between Central and Eastern Europe.

The city features Art Nouveau architecture, and is a member of both the Réseau Art Nouveau Network and the Art Nouveau European Route.
Unconventional warfare (United States)
In US military doctrine, unconventional warfare (abbreviated UW) is one of the core activities of irregular warfare. Unconventional warfare is essentially support provided by the military to a foreign insurgency or resistance. The legal definition of UW is:

Unconventional Warfare consists of activities conducted to enable a resistance movement or insurgency to coerce, disrupt or overthrow an occupying power or government by operating through or with an underground, auxiliary or guerrilla force in a denied area.

Operations security
Operations security (OPSEC) is a process that identifies critical information to determine whether friendly actions can be observed by enemy intelligence, determines if information obtained by adversaries could be interpreted to be useful to them, and then executes selected measures that eliminate or reduce adversary exploitation of friendly critical information.

The term "operations security" was coined by the United States military during the Vietnam War.
RPI–WPI football rivalry
The RPI–WPI football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the RPI Engineers of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and the WPI Engineers of Worcester Polytechnic Institute. The two teams have played regularly since their first meeting in 1894, making it one of the oldest rivalries in college football history. The series was played uninterrupted from 1947 until 2020, when it was interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the teams' 1979 meeting, the schools agreed to award a transit to the winning team; having become a tradition since 1980.

WPI Engineers football
The WPI Engineers football team represents Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) in the sport of American football. The Engineers compete in Division III (DIII) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the NEWMAC. WPI's football program is one of the oldest in the country. The team has been coached by Chris Robertson since the 2010 season.

WPI plays its home games at Alumni Stadium, located on the campus in Worcester, Massachusetts, with a capacity of 2,000.
2021 Welsh Labour–Plaid Cymru agreement
In December 2021, the Welsh Labour government and Plaid Cymru signed a three-year co-operation agreement, where the two parties agreed to work together in 46 policy areas. The agreement was not a coalition or confidence and supply agreement; Plaid Cymru remained in opposition but appointed advisers to offices of the Welsh Government.

It was announced in November 2021, by the leaders of the two parties, Mark Drakeford, leader of Welsh Labour and First Minister, and Adam Price, leader of Plaid Cymru, following months of talks. The agreement was ratified by both parties, voted for by Plaid Cymru's party membership, but criticised by the Welsh Conservatives and some Welsh Labour representatives.

Plaid Cymru leader Rhun ap Iorwerth announced that he was ending the deal in May 2024, citing donations that First Minister Vaughan Gething had received during the initial 2024 Welsh Labour leadership election among the reasons for ending the agreement early.

Welsh Labour
Welsh Labour (Welsh: Llafur Cymru), formerly known as the Labour Party in Wales (Welsh: Y Blaid Lafur yng Nghymru), is an autonomous section of the United Kingdom Labour Party in Wales and the largest party in the modern politics of Wales. Welsh Labour and its forebears have won a plurality of the Welsh vote at every United Kingdom general election since 1922, every National Assembly (now Senedd) election since 1999, and all elections to the European Parliament in the period 1979–2004 and in 2014. Welsh Labour holds 27 of the 32 Welsh seats in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, 29 of the 60 seats in the Welsh Senedd, and 576 of the 1,264 councillors in principal local authorities including overall control of 10 of the 22 principal local authorities.

It has longest winning streak of any political party in the world and has been described as "by some distance the democratic world's most successful election-winning machine".
Delaunay-Belleville
Automobiles Delaunay-Belleville (French pronunciation: [dəlonɛ bɛlvil]) was a French luxury automobile manufacturer at Saint-Denis, France, north of Paris. At the beginning of the 20th century they were among the most prestigious cars produced in the world, and perhaps the most desirable French marque.

Engine configuration
The engine configuration describes the fundamental operating principles by which internal combustion engines are categorized.

Piston engines are often categorized by their cylinder layout, valves and camshafts. Wankel engines are often categorized by the number of rotors present. Gas turbine engines are often categorized into turbojets, turbofans, turboprops and turboshafts.
James McNab (botanist)
James McNab (25 April 1810 – 19 November 1878) was a British horticulturist, artist, and botanist. He was the son of William McNab (1780–1848) and the father of William Ramsay McNab (1844–1889). In 1848 he became curator of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, succeeding his father. He maintained careful notes on the flowering of plants in Edinburgh and foresaw possible changes in timing due to climatic changes.

Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) is a scientific centre for the study of plants, their diversity and conservation, as well as a popular tourist attraction. Founded in 1670 as a physic garden to grow medicinal plants, today it occupies four sites across Scotland—Edinburgh, Dawyck, Logan and Benmore—each with its own specialist collection. The RBGE's living collection consists of more than 13,302 plant species (34,422 accessions), whilst the herbarium contains in excess of 3 million preserved specimens.

The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh is an executive non-departmental public body of the Scottish Government. The Edinburgh site is the main garden and the headquarters of the public body, which is led by Regius Keeper Dr Julia Knights.
Muttenhorn
The Muttenhorn is a mountain in the Lepontine Alps, located on the border between the cantons of Valais and Uri. At 3,099 metres above sea level, it overlooks the south side of Furka Pass. A glacier named Muttgletscher lies over its north-western flanks, above 2,600 metres.

The summit is also distinguished by the name Gross Muttenhorn, with other lower summits being named Chli Muttenhorn (3,024 metres) and Stotzig Muttenhorn (3,062 metres). The whole range is referred to as the Muttenhörner.

Lepontine Alps
The Lepontine Alps (German: Lepontinische Alpen, French: Alpes lépontines, Italian: Alpi Lepontine) are a mountain range in the north-western part of the Alps. They are located in Switzerland (Valais, Ticino, Uri and Graubünden) and Italy (Piedmont and Lombardy).

The Simplon rail tunnel (from Brig to Domodossola), the Gotthard rail (from Erstfeld to Bodio) and Gotthard road tunnels (from Andermatt to Airolo) and the San Bernardino road tunnel are important transport arteries.

The eastern portion of the Lepontine Alps, from the St Gotthard Pass to the Splügen Pass, is named the Adula Alps, while the western part is historically referred to as the Ticino Alps.