hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wernigerode Castle
Wernigerode Castle (German: Schloss Wernigerode) is a schloss located in the Harz mountains above the town of Wernigerode in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. The present-day building, finished in the late 19th century, is similar in style to Schloss Neuschwanstein, though its foundations are much older and have been reconstructed several times. Wernigerode Castle was first built at the beginning of the 12th century (1110-1120) as a Romanesque architecture medieval fortress for German emperors to have a secure spot to stop during their hunting trips to the Harz. Few of these medieval walls and foundation remain today. At the end of the 15th century the castle was enlarged in a Gothic architecture style, with large arched windows. During the 16th century, it was rebuilt as a Renaissance fortress. A spiral staircase tower still remains intact today.

Wernigerode
Wernigerode (German pronunciation: [ˌvɛɐnɪɡəˈʁoːdə] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Harz, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Until 2007, it was the capital of the district of Wernigerode. Its population was 32,181 in 2020.

Wernigerode is located southwest of Halberstadt, and is picturesquely situated on the Holtemme river, on the northern slopes of the Harz Mountains. Wernigerode is located on the German Timber-Frame Road.
History of telephone service in Catalonia
Telephone services in Catalonia were introduced in the late 19th century. At the start of the 20th century, the Spanish government left it to private industry to create the infrastructure needed for telephone communications, as a result the companies created only the lines they thought would be profitable.  At the time there were two telephone companies in Catalonia: Companyia Telefònica del Vallès and Companyia Peninsular de Telèfons.

The Commonwealth of Catalonia, started the process of linking the majority of Catalan towns by telephone.  After Spanish prime minister Miguel Primo de Rivera abolished the Commonwealth, work on the Catalan intercity telephone network was interrupted. It would not be completed until after the Spanish Civil War.

Telefónica
Telefónica, S.A. (Spanish pronunciation: [teleˈfonika]) is a Spanish multinational telecommunications company. It has headquarters as well as a registered office in Madrid, Spain. It is one of the largest telephone operators and mobile network providers in the world. It provides fixed and mobile telephony, broadband, and subscription television, operating in Europe and the Americas.

Along with its Telefónica brand, it also trades as Movistar, O2, and Vivo. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. On 15 April 2012, Telefónica shut down TVA and Ajacto, which unified the brand into Vivo.
Affine geometry of curves
In the mathematical field of differential geometry, the affine geometry of curves is the study of curves in an affine space, and specifically the properties of such curves which are invariant under the special affine group

In the classical Euclidean geometry of curves, the fundamental tool is the Frenet–Serret frame.  In affine geometry, the Frenet–Serret frame is no longer well-defined, but it is possible to define another canonical moving frame along a curve which plays a similar decisive role.  The theory was developed in the early 20th century, largely from the efforts of Wilhelm Blaschke and Jean Favard.

Affine group
In mathematics, the affine group or general affine group of any affine space is the group of all invertible affine transformations from the space into itself.  In the case of a Euclidean space (where the associated field of scalars is the real numbers), the affine group consists of those functions from the space to itself such that the image of every line is a line.

Over any field, the affine group may be viewed as a matrix group in a natural way.  If the associated field of scalars is the real or complex field, then the affine group is a Lie group.
Erik Pérez
Erik Gregorio Pérez Ruvalcaba (born November 19, 1989) is a Mexican mixed martial artist who competes in the Bantamweight division. A professional competitor since 2008, he has competed for Bellator MMA, Shark Fights, BAMMA, UFC and Combate Americas.

Bantamweight (MMA)
The bantamweight division in mixed martial arts refers to a number of different MMA weight classes, which groups competitors within 126–135 lb (57.2-61.3 kg)

The UFC bantamweight division, which groups competitiors within the 126-135 lb (57-61 kg)

The Shooto bantamweight division, which suits competitors below 125 lb (56.7 kg)

The ONE Championship's bantamweight division, with upper limit at 65.8 kg (145.1 lb)

The Road FC's bantamweight division, with upper limit at 135.6 lb (61.5 kg)

The bantamweight division sits between the lighter flyweight (116–125 lb) division and the heavier featherweight division (136–145 lb).
Trunnah Farmhouse
Trunnah Farmhouse is a historic building on Woodland Avenue in Thornton-Cleveleys, Lancashire, England. A former farmhouse with attached barn, dating to 1769, it is in rendered brick with a slate roof. The house has two storeys and a symmetrical front of two bays that contain an oval datestone.  Most of the windows are sashes, and there is also a French window.  At the right end are stone quoins.

An oval datestone on the building states "R M J S 1769".

Thornton-Cleveleys
Thornton-Cleveleys is a conurbation consisting of the village of Thornton and the town of Cleveleys. The two settlements formed a joint urban district from 1927 until 1974, before becoming part of Wyre.
Notum
The notum (plural nota) is the dorsal portion of an insect's thoracic segment, or the dorsal surface of the body of nudibranch gastropods. The word "notum" is always applied to dorsal structures; in other words structures that are part of the back of an animal, as opposed to being part of the animal's ventral surface, or underside.

This word is used in entomology, the study of insects, and in malacology, the study of mollusks. In malacology the word is used to describe the back of the body of the taxonomic group of marine, shell-less gastropods that are known as nudibranchs.

Prothorax
The prothorax is the foremost of the three segments in the thorax of an insect, and bears the first pair of legs. Its principal sclerites (exoskeletal plates) are the pronotum (dorsal), the prosternum (ventral), and the propleuron (lateral) on each side. The prothorax never bears wings in extant insects (except in some cases of atavism), though some fossil groups possessed wing-like projections. All adult insects possess legs on the prothorax, though in a few groups (e.g., the butterfly family Nymphalidae) the forelegs are greatly reduced. In many groups of insects, the pronotum is reduced in size, but in a few it is hypertrophied, such as in all beetles (Coleoptera). In most treehoppers (family Membracidae, order Hemiptera), the pronotum is expanded into often fantastic shapes that enhance their camouflage or mimicry. Similarly, in the Tetrigidae, the pronotum is extended backward to cover the flight wings, supplanting the function of the tegmina.
Taitā railway station
Taitā railway station is a suburban railway station serving Taitā in Lower Hutt, New Zealand. The station is located on the Hutt Valley section of the Wairarapa Line, 20.6 km (12.8 mi) north of Wellington. The station is served by Metlink's electric multiple unit trains of the "Matangi" FP class.

The station has an island platform between double tracks.

Wellington railway station
Wellington railway station, Wellington Central station, or simply Wellington station, is the main railway station serving Wellington, New Zealand, and is the southern terminus of the North Island Main Trunk, Wairarapa Line and Johnsonville Line.

The station opened in June 1937, replacing the two previous Wellington termini, Lambton and Thorndon. The building was originally the head office of the New Zealand Railways Department or NZR. Today, the building houses the Wellington office of KiwiRail in the east wing of the building. Victoria University of Wellington occupies the west wing.

A number of alterations have been made to the railway station over the years. The building was registered on 25 September 1986 as a Category 1 Historic Place by Heritage New Zealand.
Kramers Ergot
Kramers Ergot is a comics anthology edited by American cartoonist Sammy Harkham and featuring contributions from artists such as Dan Clowes, Anders Nilsen, Gabrielle Bell, Kevin Huizenga, Dash Shaw, and Chris Ware among many others.

Comics anthology
A comics anthology collects works in the medium of comics, typically from multiple series, and compiles them into an anthology or magazine. The comics in these anthologies range from comic strips that are too short for standalone publication to comic book chapters that might later be compiled into collected comic book volumes (such as manga tankobon and comic albums).
Joe Justice
Joseph Justice Sr. (November 16, 1916 – July 25, 2005) was an American football, basketball, and baseball player and coach. Justice played on the United States national team at the 1939 Amateur World Series in Havana. He served as the head baseball coach at Rollins from 1947 to 1971, leading the Tars to the 1954 College World Series becoming the smallest school in NCAA history to do so. Justice was also the head football coach at Rollins College in 1949.

A native of Asheville, North Carolina, Justice attended Asheville High School. He was the older brother of Charlie Justice, who played college football at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and professionally in the National Football League (NFL) with the Washington Redskins. Just died on July 25, 2005, at his home in Fern Park, Florida, after suffering from Parkinson's disease.

Charlie Justice (halfback)
Charles Ronald "Choo Choo" Justice (May 18, 1924 – October 17, 2003) was an American professional football player who was a halfback for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the North Carolina Tar Heels and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1961.
Drew-Hamilton Houses
Drew-Hamilton Houses are a public housing project owned by the New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA). The housing complex consists of five 21-story buildings. It is located between Frederick Douglass and Adam C. Powell Jr. Boulevards and also between West 142nd and 144th Streets in the Harlem neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. The housing complex was completed in September 1965 and was named after  Monsignor Cornelius J. Drew, the former pastor of  St. Charles Borromeo Church, and Alexander Hamilton.

The complex was designed by the architectural firm of Katz, Waisman, Weber, Strauss. The five towers were sited along the boulevards and set at a diagonal; the center of the site includes several older buildings that were spared from the redevelopment project, including St. Charles Borromeo Church.

Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)
Eighth Avenue is a major north–south avenue on the west side of Manhattan in New York City, carrying northbound traffic below 59th Street. It is one of the original avenues of the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 to run the length of Manhattan, though today the name changes twice: At 59th Street/Columbus Circle, it becomes Central Park West, where it forms the western boundary of Central Park, and north of 110th Street/Frederick Douglass Circle, it is known as Frederick Douglass Boulevard before merging onto Harlem River Drive north of 155th Street.
1981 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1981 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 91st staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.

Roscrea were the defending champions.

On 25 October 1981, Borris-Ileigh won the championship after a 1–14 to 0–12 defeat of Roscrea in the final at Semple Stadium. It was their fourth championship title overall and their first title since 1953.

1953 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1953 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 63rd staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887. The championship began on 30 August 1953 and ended on 4 October 1953.

Thurles Sarsfields were the defending champions.

On 4 October 1953, Borris-Ileigh won the championship after a 4–08 to 4–04 defeat of Boherlahan in the final at Thurles Sportsfield. It was their third championship title overall and their first title since 1950.
Zahirtsi, Ternopil Oblast
Zahirtsi (Ukrainian: Загірці) is a village in Ukraine, Ternopil Oblast, Kremenets Raion, Lanivtsi urban hromada. After the liquidation of the Lanivtsi Raion on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Kremenets Raion.

Lanivtsi urban hromada
Lanivtsi urban territorial hromada (Ukrainian: Лановецька територіальна громада, romanized: Lanovetska miska terytorialna hromada) is a hromada in Ukraine, in Kremenets Raion of Ternopil Oblast. The administrative center is the city of Lanivtsi. Its population is 21,442 (2022 estimate) It was formed on 24 May 2017.
Golygon
A golygon, or more generally a serial isogon of 90°, is any polygon with all right angles (a rectilinear polygon) whose sides are consecutive integer lengths. Golygons were invented and named by Lee Sallows, and popularized by A.K. Dewdney in a 1990 Scientific American column (Smith). Variations on the definition of golygons involve allowing edges to cross, using sequences of edge lengths other than the consecutive integers, and considering turn angles other than 90°.

On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences
The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS) is an online database of integer sequences. It was created and maintained by Neil Sloane while researching at AT&T Labs. He transferred the intellectual property and hosting of the OEIS to the OEIS Foundation in 2009, and is its chairman.

OEIS records information on integer sequences of interest to both professional and amateur mathematicians, and is widely cited. As of November 2025, it contains over 390,000 sequences, and is growing by approximately 30 entries per day.

Each entry contains the leading terms of the sequence, keywords, mathematical motivations, literature links, and more, including the option to generate a graph or play a musical representation of the sequence. The database is searchable by keyword, by subsequence, or by any of 16 fields. There is also an advanced search function called SuperSeeker which runs a large number of different algorithms to identify sequences related to the input.
Archelaus of Macedon
Archelaus (/ˌɑːrkɪˈleɪ.əs/; Ancient Greek: Ἀρχέλαος, romanized: Archélaos; died 399 BC) was king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon from 413 to 399 BC. He was a capable and beneficent ruler, known for the sweeping changes he made in state administration, the military, and commerce. By the time that he died, Archelaus had succeeded in converting Macedon into a significantly stronger power. Thucydides credited Archelaus with doing more for his kingdom's military infrastructure than all of his predecessors together.

Claudius Aelianus
Claudius Aelianus (Ancient Greek: Κλαύδιος Αἰλιανός, romanized: Klaúdios Ailianós; c. 175 – c. 235 AD), commonly Aelian (/ˈiːliən/), born at Praeneste, was a Roman author and teacher of rhetoric who flourished under Septimius Severus and probably outlived Elagabalus, who died in 222. He spoke Greek so fluently that he was called "honey-tongued" (μελίγλωσσος meliglossos); Roman-born, he preferred Greek authors, and wrote in a slightly archaizing Greek himself.

His two chief works are valuable for the numerous quotations from the works of earlier authors, which are otherwise lost, and for the surprising lore, which offers unexpected glimpses into the Greco-Roman world-view. De Natura Animalium is also the only Greco-Roman work to mention Gilgamesh.
James Thayer Addison
James Thayer Addison (March 21, 1887 – February 13, 1953) was a priest in the Episcopal Church. His career included serving as an Episcopal Church missionary, as a professor in the Episcopal Theological School, as a military chaplain during World War I, and as a prolific writer.

St. John's University, Shanghai
St. John's University (SJU) was a Christian university in Shanghai. It was founded in 1879 by American missionaries.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Communist government closed the university in 1952. Most of its faculty members, students and library collections were transferred to East China Normal University or moved to Taiwan, where the university was reestablished as St. John's University, Taipei. A postwar board of governors moved the mainland assets of the university to Hong Kong, founding Chung Chi College, a part of the Chinese University of Hong Kong. Its former campus at Shanghai is now the urban campus of the East China University of Political Science and Law.
José Antonio Álvarez Lima
José Antonio Cruz Álvarez Lima (born May 3, 1942) is a Mexican politician and senator representing the state of Tlaxcala in the 64th Congress. A member of the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA) political party, Álvarez Lima was also Governor of Tlaxcala from 1993 to 1999 and previously served as a federal deputy, senator, ambassador to Colombia, and head of multiple national public broadcasters.

Imevisión
The Instituto Mexicano de la Televisión (Mexican Television Institute), known commercially as Imevisión after 1985, was a state broadcaster and federal government agency of Mexico. At its height, Imevisión programmed two national networks and additional local stations in Mexico City, Chihuahua, Ciudad Juárez, Guadalajara, Mexicali, Tijuana and Monterrey.

As the Mexican government moved toward privatization, and in light of financial sustainability issues, most of Imevisión was sold in 1992 to 
Grupo Salinas, which came to be known as Televisión Azteca. The government retained one of Imevisión's local stations, in Mexico City, and converted it into a cultural channel under the auspices of Conaculta.
Chillingham, Northumberland
Chillingham is a village in Northumberland, England. It is situated approximately 6 km (3.7 mi) to the east of Wooler, south of Chatton. At the 2011 Census the population remained less than 100. Detailed information is included in the parish of Bewick.

Chillingham is famous for its castle, which is said to be haunted, and the Chillingham Cattle, a wild herd of roughly 90 individuals which has been kept in an enclosure since the Middle Ages and strictly inbreeding for at least 300 years. The village contains Hebborn bastle house, a fortified house near Hepburn Wood.

HMS Chillingham, a Ham class minesweeper, was named after the village.

The civil parish, along with those for Chatton and Lilburn, has been served by Tillside Parish Council since 2003, under a grouping order by the former Borough of Berwick-upon-Tweed. According to Tillside Parish Council, two councillors represent Chillingham on the council.

Bewick, Northumberland
Bewick (/ˈbjuːɪk/) is a civil parish in the county of Northumberland, England. In 2001 it had a population of 69,  increasing to 138 (after the inclusion of Chillingham) at the 2011 Census. The parish consists of the hamlets of Old Bewick and New Bewick, both about 10 miles (16 km) north-west of Alnwick. The parish was formed on 1 April 1955 from the parishes of Old Bewick and New Bewick.
Grimace (composer)
Grimace (fl. mid-to-late 14th century; French: [ɡʁi.mas]; also Grymace, Grimache or Magister Grimache) was a French composer-poet in the ars nova style of late medieval music. Virtually nothing is known about Grimace's life other than speculative information based on the circumstances and content of his five surviving compositions of formes fixes; three ballades, a virelai and rondeau. His best known and most often performed work in modern-times is the virelai and proto-battaglia: A l’arme A l’arme.

He is thought to have been a younger contemporary of Guillaume de Machaut and based in southern France. Three of his works were included in the Chantilly Codex, which is an important source of ars subtilior music. However, along with P. des Molins, Jehan Vaillant and F. Andrieu, Grimace was one of the post-Machaut generation whose music shows few distinctly ars subtilior features, leading scholars to recognize Grimace's work as closer to the ars nova style of Machaut.

Willi Apel
Willi Apel (10 October 1893 – 14 March 1988) was a German-American musicologist and noted author of a number of books devoted to music. Among his most important publications are the 1944 edition of The Harvard Dictionary of Music and French Secular Music of the Late Fourteenth Century.
Gmina Szumowo
Gmina Szumowo is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Zambrów County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Szumowo, which lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) south-west of Zambrów and 76 km (47 mi) west of the regional capital Białystok.

The gmina covers an area of 141.15 square kilometres (54.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,872 (4,978 in 2013).

Zambrów County
Zambrów County (Polish: powiat zambrowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Podlaskie Voivodeship, north-eastern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Zambrów, which lies 64 kilometres (40 mi) west of the regional capital Białystok.

The county covers an area of 733.11 square kilometres (283.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 43,663, out of which the population of Zambrów is 22,098 and the rural population is 21,565.
Brik
Brik (/briːk/ BREEK; بريك) or burek is the North African version of borek, a stuffed malsouka pastry which is commonly deep fried. The best-known version is the egg brik, a whole egg in a triangular pastry pocket with chopped onion, tuna, harissa and parsley. With a slightly different shape, but with identical ingredients and method of preparation, the brik is known in Algeria and Libya as bourek (بوراك). It is often filled with a raw egg and herbs or tuna, harissa and olives and is sometimes served in a pita. This is also known as a boreeka. It is also widespread in Eastern Algeria in the cities of Annaba and Costantina.

Brik pastry is made by slapping a sticky lump of dough onto a hot non-stick surface in overlapping circles to produce the desired size and cooked for a short amount of time. The brik dough sheets are called malsouka or warka. Typical fillings include tuna, ground meat, raw egg, chicken, or anchovies garnished with harissa, capers, or cheese.

Pita
Pita (/ˈpɪtə/ or US: /ˈpiːtə/; Greek: πίτα; Hebrew: פִּתָּה) or pitta (British English), also known as Arabic bread, Arab bread (Arabic: خبز عربي, romanized: khubz ʿArabī), Syrian bread, Lebanese bread, and pide (Turkish) is a family of yeast-leavened round flatbreads baked from wheat flour, common in the Mediterranean, Middle East, and neighboring areas. It includes the widely known version with an interior pocket. In the United Kingdom, the term is used for pocket versions such as the Greek pita, used for barbecues as a souvlaki wrap. The Western name pita may sometimes be used to refer to various other types of flatbreads that have different names in their local languages, such as numerous styles of Arab khubz ('bread').
2015 AON Open Challenger
The 2015 AON Open Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the twelfth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Genoa, Italy between 7 and 13 September 2015.

AON Open Challenger
The Genoa AON Open Challenger - Memorial Giorgio Messina is an annual tennis tournament held in Genoa, Italy in September, since 2003. The event is part of the ATP Challenger Tour and is played on outdoor clay courts. The tournament has been organized annually with the sole exceptions of 2020 and 2021, when it was canceled because of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic.