hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2011 Durango massacres
The 2011 Durango massacres were a series of mass murders that occurred in 2011. According to El Universal and Yahoo! News, at least 340 bodies have been found in mass graves around the city of Durango as of February 2012; These mass graves are the first of their kind in the state of Durango and third of their kind in Mexico. These mass graves had more bodies than the 2011 Tamaulipas massacre of 189 bus passengers. Since April 2011, there have been seven mass graves found around Durango. One of these mass graves was found in a vacant auto repair lot in Durango with 89 bodies. One of the bodies identified was Alfonso Peña, the former mayor of Tepehuanes, Durango.

Durango
Durango, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Durango, is one of the states which make up the 32 federal entities of Mexico, situated in the northwest portion of the country. With a population of 1,832,650, the 8th lowest of Mexico's states, Durango has Mexico's second-lowest population density, after Baja California Sur. The capital city, Victoria de Durango, is named after the first President of Mexico, Guadalupe Victoria.
Sanyo 5000 series
The Sanyo Electric Railway 5000 series (山陽電鉄5000系, San'yō Dentetsu 5000-kei) is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by the private railway operator Sanyo Electric Railway in Japan since 1986.

Variable-frequency drive
A variable-frequency drive (VFD, or adjustable-frequency drive, adjustable-speed drive, variable-speed drive, AC drive, micro drive, inverter drive, variable voltage variable frequency drive, VVVF drive, or drive) is a type of AC motor drive (system incorporating a motor) that controls speed and torque by varying the frequency of the input electricity. Depending on its topology, it controls the associated voltage or current variation.

VFDs are used in applications ranging from small appliances to large compressors. Systems using VFDs can be more efficient than hydraulic systems, such as in systems with pumps and damper control for fans.

Since the 1980s, power electronics technology has reduced VFD cost and size and has improved performance through advances in semiconductor switching devices, drive topologies, simulation and control techniques, and control hardware and software.

VFDs include low- and medium-voltage AC–AC and DC–AC topologies.
35th United States Congress
The 35th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1857, to March 4, 1859, during the first two years of James Buchanan's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1850 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic majority.

United States Senate Committee on Claims
The United States Senate Committee on Claims was among the first standing committees established in the Senate.  It dealt generally with issues related to private bills and petitions.  After reforms in the 1880s that created judicial and administrative remedies for petitioners, it declined in importance, and were abolished in 1946. The United States House of Representatives also had a Committee on Claims until 1946, when both the Senate and House duties were absorbed by the United States House Committee on the Judiciary.
Paramaledivibacter
Paramaledivibacter is a strictly anaerobic, slightly halophilic, non-spore-forming and moderately thermophilic genus of bacteria from the family of Peptostreptococcaceae with one known species (Paramaledivibacter caminithermalis).

Paramaledivibacter caminithermalis
Paramaledivibacter caminithermalis is a species of bacteria in the family Peptostreptococcaceae. Clostridium caminithermale has been reclassified to Paramaledivibacter caminithermalis. Paramaledivibacter caminithermalis has been isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent from the Atlantic Ocean Ridge.
Yorks Islands
Yorks Islands, also known as "Yorks 8 Islands" or "York's Islands" or simply "York Island(s)" are a group of several islands in the flood plain of the Missouri River, in Broadwater County, Montana, about 4 miles south (up-river) from Townsend, Montana, along U.S. Highway 287.  The islands were named by the Lewis and Clark Expedition (1803–1806) for Clark's slave York, when the expedition passed this way in 1805 on their historic journey of exploration to the Pacific Ocean.  The islands may be accessed from U.S.287, as a Montana Fishing Access site.

William Clark
William Clark (August 1, 1770 – September 1, 1838) was an American explorer, soldier, Indian agent, and territorial governor. A native of Virginia, he grew up in pre-statehood Kentucky before later settling in what became the state of Missouri.

Along with Meriwether Lewis, Clark led the Lewis and Clark Expedition of 1804–1806 across the Louisiana Purchase to the Pacific Ocean, the first major effort to explore and map much of what is now the Western United States and to assert American claims to the Pacific Northwest. Before the expedition, he served in a militia and the United States Army. Afterward, he served in a militia and as governor of the Missouri Territory. From 1822 until his death in 1838, he served as a U.S. Superintendent of Indian Affairs in St. Louis.
Seven Sisters Provincial Park and Protected Area
Seven Sisters Provincial Park and Protected Area is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, protecting part of the Howson Range between Hazelton and Terrace and comprising approximately 27,200 hectares.

Hazelton, British Columbia
Hazelton is a village municipality in the Skeena region of west central British Columbia, Canada. The place is on the southeast side of the Skeena River immediately north of the Bulkley River mouth, where the confluence forms a peninsula. On BC Highway 62, the locality is by road about 75 kilometres (47 mi) northwest of Smithers and 144 kilometres (89 mi) northeast of Terrace. Hazelton is the original of the "Three Hazeltons", the other two being New Hazelton to the southeast and South Hazelton to the south.
Jai Field
Jai Field (born 6 September 1997) is an Australian professional rugby league footballer who plays as a fullback or stand-off for the Wigan Warriors in the Super League.

He previously played for the St. George Illawarra Dragons and the Parramatta Eels in the NRL.

Leigh Leopards
The Leigh Leopards are a professional rugby league club based in Leigh, Greater Manchester, England. Leigh play homes games at Leigh Sports Village and compete in Super League, the top tier of British rugby league.

Leigh Leopards have won the League Championship twice and Challenge Cup three times.

The clubs traditional home colours are red and white. They have a local rivalry with Wigan Warriors.
Bobby Buckley
Robert Buckley (20 April 1931 – 6 March 2013), known as Bobby Buckley, was an Irish Gaelic footballer who played for club sides Clounmacon and Kenmare Shamrocks and at inter-county level with the Kerry senior football team.

1953 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
The 1953 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 67th staging of Ireland's premier Gaelic football knock-out competition.

Leitrim return to Connacht championship after 3 years.

Kerry were the winners.
Formula One 2001 (video game)
Formula One 2001 is a racing video game developed by Studio 33 and Studio Liverpool and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation and PlayStation 2. The PlayStation 2 version was released in North America by 989 Sports. It is a sequel to Formula One 2000 and was based on the 2001 Formula One World Championship. This is the last game to be released in North America until Formula One Championship Edition.

In some editions, a DVD was given for free. The DVD offers a commentated review of the 2000 Formula One World Championship, race by race, with the option to toggle between viewing the main stream, an on-board car camera, view the pitlane or see on-screen data such as lap times and positions. These features were used in the former pay-per-view F1 Digital+'s interactive coverage.

Benetton Formula
Benetton Formula Limited., commonly referred to simply as Benetton, was a Formula One constructor that participated from 1986 to 2001. The team was owned by the Benetton family who run a worldwide chain of clothing stores. In 2000, the team was purchased by Renault, but competed as Benetton for the 2000 and 2001 seasons. In 2002, the team became Renault. The Benetton Formula team was chaired by Alessandro Benetton from 1988 to 1998.
Husnabad Assembly constituency
Husnabad Assembly constituency is a constituency of Telangana Legislative Assembly, India. It is one of 13 constituencies in Siddipet district. It is part of Karimnagar Lok Sabha constituency.

Vodithela Sathish Kumar of Telangana Rashtra Samithi won the seat for the first time in the 2014 Assembly election.

Siddipet district
Siddipet district is a district in the Indian state of Telangana. Its headquarters is Siddipet. This district contains a part of the Hyderabad Metropolitan Region (Markook Mulugu Wargal) Siddipet district is located in central part of the state. The district shares boundaries with Jangaon, Sircilla, Karimnagar, Kamareddy, Hanamkonda, Yadadri, Medhchal and Medak districts.
Fund.com
Fund.com Inc. is a US-based financial services information publishing company and fund platform that focuses on the fund management industry.  Its aims were to provide a destination website for investments, including mutual funds, hedge funds, money market funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), closed-end funds, index funds, commodity funds and other types of pooled investment vehicles.

The company saw a significant decline in its share price after a soured business deal in late 2009 after which it has only traded in the “pink sheets”.  Some of its senior executives were connected to Westmoore Capital from which Fund.com raised $1.5 million in 2008. Westmoore Capital was closed down by the SEC for running a $53 million Ponzi scheme.

OTC Markets Group
OTC Markets Group, Inc. (formerly known as National Quotation Bureau, Pink Sheets, and Pink OTC Markets) is an American financial services corporation that operates a financial market providing price and liquidity information for almost 12,400 over-the-counter (OTC) securities. The group has its headquarters in New York City.  OTC-traded securities are organized into four markets to inform investors of opportunities and risks: OTCQX, OTCQB, OTCID, and Pink Limited.
Basilica of St. Lawrence, Asheville
The Minor Basilica of St. Lawrence the Deacon & Martyr is a minor basilica of the Catholic Church in downtown Asheville, North Carolina, United States. The church was designed and built in 1905 by Spanish architect Rafael Guastavino along with his fellow architect R. S. Smith and the Catholic community of Asheville. Pope John Paul II elevated the status of the church to minor basilica in 1993. It is a parish church, located within the Diocese of Charlotte.  It is on the National Register of Historic Places and is the only basilica in western North Carolina. Its dome, inspired by the Royal Basilica of Our Lady of the Forsaken of Valencia, has a span of 58 by 82 feet (18 by 25 m), and is reputed to be the largest, freestanding, elliptical dome in North America. The architectural style is Spanish Renaissance Revival.

It is located in the Downtown Asheville Historic District.

Diocese of Charlotte
The Diocese of Charlotte (Latin: Dioecesis Carolinana) is a diocese of the Catholic Church in western North Carolina in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Atlanta. Its mother church is the Cathedral of Saint Patrick in Charlotte.
Lyudmila Gavrilova
Lyudmila Ivanovna Gavrilova  (Russian: Людмила Ивановна Гаврилова; 17 November 1951 – 24 September 2025) was a Soviet and Russian film and stage actress, lecturer of acting Boris Shchukin Theatre Institute, a leading informational and educational channel Nastroyeniye on TV Tsentr channel. Honored Artist of Russia (2007).

Merited Artist of the Russian Federation
Merited Artist of the Russian Federation (Russian: Заслуженный артист Российской Федерации, Zasluzhenny artist Rossiyskoy Federatsii), also known as Honored Artist of Russia, is an honorary title in the Russian Federation. The title is awarded to actors, directors, filmmakers, writers, dancers, and singers for exceptional achievements in the arts.

The honorary title was originally modeled after the German honorific title for distinguished opera singers. Historically, the title was bestowed by princes or kings, when it was styled Hofkammersänger(in). In Imperial Russia before 1917, several stars of stage and film were honored with the title "Imperial singer", but after the October Revolution of 1917, the new regime made changes and established the title of the Merited Artist of Russia (Russian SFSR and Soviet Union).

After the collapse of the USSR in 1991, Russian president Boris Yeltsin created a new award, first presented on 30 December 1995.
2018–19 Detroit Mercy Titans men's basketball team
The 2018–19 Detroit Mercy Titans men's basketball team represented the University of Detroit Mercy during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Titans, led by first-year head coach Mike Davis, played their home games at Calihan Hall as members of the Horizon League. They finished the season 11–20 overall, 8–10 in Horizon League play, ending in a 3-way tie for sixth place. As the No. 7 seed in the Horizon League tournament, they lost in the quarterfinals to eventual tournament champion Northern Kentucky,

2019 Horizon League men's basketball tournament
The 2019 Horizon League men's basketball tournament (also known as Motor City Madness) was the final event of the 2018–19 men's basketball season of the Horizon League. It began on March 5, 2019, and ended on March 12; first-round games were played at the home courts of the top four teams in regular-season league play, with all remaining games at Little Caesars Arena in Detroit.

Northern Kentucky, which shared the regular-season conference title with Wright State, won the tournament and thus received the conference's automatic berth into the NCAA tournament.
2016 Washington State Auditor election
The 2016 Washington state auditor election was held on November 8, 2016, to elect the Washington state auditor, concurrently with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, as well as elections to the U.S. Senate and various state and local elections, including for U.S. House and governor of Washington. Washington is one of two states that holds a top-two primary, meaning that all candidates are listed on the same ballot regardless of party affiliation, and the top two move on to the general election.

Incumbent Democratic state auditor Troy Kelley retired. Democratic Pierce County executive Pat McCarthy narrowly defeated Republican state senator Mark Miloscia to succeed Kelley.

The top-two primary was held on August 2.

2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Washington
The 2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Washington were held on November 8, 2016, to elect the 10 U.S. representatives from the state of Washington, one from each of the state's 10 congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. The primaries were held on August 2.
Kosmos 665
Kosmos 665 (Russian: Космос 665 meaning Cosmos 665) was a Soviet US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1974 as part of the Soviet military's Oko programme. The satellite was designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 665 was launched from Site 41/1 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 15:59 UTC on 29 June 1974. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1974-050A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 7352.

It re-entered the Earth's atmosphere on 6 July 1990.

US-K
Upravlyaemy Sputnik Kontinentalny (US-K; Russian: Управляемый Спутник Континентальный meaning Continental Controllable Satellite; Russian: УС-К) is a series of Russian, previously Soviet, satellites used to detect missile launches as part of the Oko system. It consists of a constellation of satellites, usually in molniya orbits, designated under the Kosmos system. The satellites are built by the company NPO Lavochkin and are launched on Molniya-M rockets. Oko can be directly translated as the Russian word for eye.  As of June 2014, only two of the eight satellites in orbit were still functional, rendering the system inoperable.
Newark and Marion Railway
The Newark and Marion Railway operated between Newark, New York, and Marion, New York. Chartered in 1900, it opened for business in 1906. The railroad was constructed by the Beebe Syndicate, a conglomeration of streetcar and interurban lines across New York State, though the Newark and Marion was never electrified. The company entered receivership in 1915, and control by the Beebe Syndicate ended. The railroad was reorganized as the Marion Railway Corporation in 1917. The Pennsylvania Railroad acquired the line in 1930. It continued to operate as a spur of the Elmira Branch through the Penn Central and Conrail eras. Operation passed to short line Ontario Midland Railroad in 1979. Dwindling freight traffic and deteriorating track conditions led to the line's closure in July 1984.

Penn Central Transportation Company
The Penn Central Transportation Company, commonly abbreviated to Penn Central, was an American class I railroad that operated from 1968 to 1976. Penn Central combined three traditional corporate rivals (the Pennsylvania, New York Central and the New York, New Haven and Hartford railroads), each of which were united by large-scale service into the New York metropolitan area and to a lesser extent New England and Chicago.

Barely two years after its formation, the new company failed, representing the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history at the time. Penn Central's railroad assets were subsequently nationalized into Conrail along with those of other bankrupt northeastern railroads; its real estate and insurance holdings successfully reorganized into American Premier Underwriters.
Alfred Cohen
Alfred Cohen (1920–2001) was an American artist whose art was firmly rooted in the European tradition; he was inspired in particular by the commedia dell'arte; and by the colour and handling of the Post-Impressionists and Expressionists.

Oskar Kokoschka
Oskar Kokoschka CBE (1 March 1886 – 22 February 1980) was an Austrian (though, at times during his long life, he had also Czech and British citizenship)   artist, poet, playwright and teacher, best known for his intense expressionistic portraits and landscapes, as well as his theories on vision that influenced the Viennese Expressionist movement.
Doctor Who Appreciation Society
The Doctor Who Appreciation Society (DWAS) is a society for fans of the television series Doctor Who. It was founded in May 1976, emerging from the Westfield College Doctor Who Appreciation Society, and the editors and readers of the fanzine Tardis.

The society produces a monthly print magazine, Celestial Toyroom (sent to the society's members), a quarterly digital magazine, Cosmic Masque (free to access via the DWAS website), hosts conventions, organises a network of local groups, and provides discounts to members for Doctor Who-related merchandise for sale on the society's online shop. Since 2017 it has also published 'The Celestial Toyroom Annual' which is a compendium of items about a specific lead actor's contribution. The annuals are free to download with a limited run print copy produced for charity. The 2020 annual featured the Jon Pertwee era.

Westfield College
Westfield College was a small college situated in Hampstead, London, from 1882 to 1989. It was the first college to aim to educate women for University of London degrees from its opening. The college originally admitted only women as students and became coeducational in 1964. In 1989, it merged with Queen Mary College. The merged institution was named Queen Mary and Westfield College until 2000, when the name was publicly changed to Queen Mary University of London.
Horace Strutt
Horace William Strutt, DSO, ED (19 December 1903 – 5 November 1985) was an Australian Army officer and politician.

He was born in Hobart. He was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly in 1946 as a Liberal member for Denison. On 13 April 1955 he was elected Speaker of the House, serving until 28 October 1956. He lost his seat at the election held in May 1959 but returned to the House on 4 December that year in a recount following the death of Sir Archibald Park. He was defeated again in 1969.

Speaker of the Tasmanian House of Assembly
The Speaker of the Tasmanian House of Assembly is the presiding officer of the lower house of the Parliament of Tasmania. The role of Speaker has traditionally been a partisan office, filled by the governing party of the time.

The current speaker is Jacquie Petrusma of the Liberal Party, with her having been elected by 25 votes to 10 on 19 August 2025.
Hornsea Inshore Rescue
Hornsea Inshore Rescue  is located at 16 Hornsea Burton Rd in Hornsea, a seaside town and resort sitting approximately 12 miles (19 km) north-east of Hull, on the coast of the East Riding of Yorkshire.

The independent search and rescue (SAR) service was established in 1994, although an RNLI station operated at Hornsea between 1852 and 1924.

Hornsea Inshore Rescue currently operates an Atlantic 85 Inshore lifeboat, The Spirit of Hornsea, on station since 2024.

Hornsea Inshore Rescue is a registered charity (No. 1154954), and has 'Declared Facility' status with H.M. Coastguard.

Humber Lifeboat Station
Humber Lifeboat Station is located at Wharncliffe Rd North, within the Port of Grimsby, on the south shore of the Humber estuary, in North East Lincolnshire.

The station was opened in 1810, operated by Hull Trinity House, and was located on Spurn Point, now a tidal island, on the north side of the Humber estuary, attached to the south-east point of the East Riding of Yorkshire, by a three-mile (4.8 km) long narrow gradually moving Isthmus. Management of the station was transferred to the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) in 1911.

The station currently operates a Severn-class All-weather lifeboat, 17-05 Pride of the Humber (ON 1216), which has been on station since 1997.
Decreolization
Decreolization is a postulated phenomenon whereby over time a creole language reconverges with the lexifier from which it originally derived. The notion has attracted criticism from linguists who argue there is little theoretical or empirical basis on which to postulate a process of language change which is particular to creole languages.

Historical linguistics
Historical linguistics, also known as diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of how languages change over time. It seeks to understand the nature and causes of linguistic change and to trace the evolution of languages. Historical linguistics involves several key areas of study, including the reconstruction of ancestral languages, the classification of languages into families, (comparative linguistics) and the analysis of the cultural and social influences on language development.

This field is grounded in the uniformitarian principle, which posits that the processes of language change observed today were also at work in the past, unless there is clear evidence to suggest otherwise. Historical linguists aim to describe and explain changes in individual languages, explore the history of speech communities, and study the origins and meanings of words (etymology).