hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Confederate States Marine Corps
The Confederate States Marine Corps (CSMC), also referred to as the Confederate States Marines, was a branch of the Confederate Navy during the American Civil War. It was established by an act of the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States on March 16, 1861. The CSMC's manpower was initially authorized at 46 officers and 944 enlisted men, and was increased on September 24, 1862, to 1,026 enlisted men. The organization of the CSMC began at Montgomery, Alabama, and was completed at Richmond, Virginia, when the capital of the Confederate States was moved to that location. The headquarters and main training facilities remained in Richmond throughout the war, located at Camp Beall on Drewry's Bluff and at the Gosport Shipyard in Portsmouth, Virginia. The last CSMC unit surrendered with 28 men to the Union army on April 9, 1865, with the Confederacy itself capitulating a month later.

Provisional Congress of the Confederate States
The Provisional Congress of the Confederate States, fully the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States of America, was a unicameral congress of deputies and delegates called together from the Southern States which became the governing body of the Provisional Government of the Confederate States from February 4, 1861, to February 17, 1862. It sat in Montgomery, Alabama, until May 21, 1861, when it adjourned to meet in Richmond, Virginia, on July 20, 1861. In both cities, it met in the existing state capitols which it shared with the respective secessionist state legislatures. It added new members as other separatist states seceded from the Union and directed the election on November 6, 1861, at which a permanent government was elected.
1938 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1938 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 50th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.

Carbery entered the championship as the defending champions.

On 27 November 1938, St. Nicholas' won the championship following a 2–01 to 0–02 defeat of Clonakilty in the final. This was their first championship title.

1937 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1937 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 49th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.

Duhallow West entered the championship as the defending champions.

On 12 September 1937, Carbery won the championship following a 3–08 to 1–01 defeat of Duhallow West in the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds. This was their first championship title.
Rachel Dror
Rachel Zipora Dror (née Lewin; Hebrew: רחל ציפורה דרור; 19 January 1921 – 14 December 2024) was a German Jewish teacher and Holocaust survivor. After returning from Israel to live in West Germany (for health reasons) in 1957, and more intensively since her retirement from teaching in 1986, she has come to wider prominence because of her engagement for Christian-Jewish-Islamic co-existence, and as an advocate for religious openness and mutual tolerance. She turned 100 on 19 January 2021.

Hakhshara
Hakhshara (Hebrew: הַכְשָׁרָה; also transliterated Hachsharah, Hachshara or Hakhsharah) is a Hebrew word that literally means "preparation". The term is used for training programs and agricultural centres in Europe and elsewhere. At these centers Zionist youth and young adults would learn vocational skills necessary for their emigration to Israel and subsequent life in kibbutzim. Such camps existed before World War II, and still exist today. Nowadays, these programs are usually based on kibbutzim in Israel for youth who are in their gap year, between finishing high-school and starting university, and include exploring Israel and studying Israeli culture. This was also true of the religious programs, that until a few decades were based on a religious kibbutz and typically contained a period of Torah study. Nowadays, the religious programs still incorporate a period on a religious kibbutz, but are more diverse in what they offer, see at Bnei Akiva website (here).
2018 Grote Prijs Jef Scherens
The 2018 Grote Prijs Jef Scherens was the 52nd edition of the Grote Prijs Jef Scherens road cycling one day race in and around Leuven. It was held on 16 September 2018 as a 1.1 categorised race and was part of the 2018 UCI Europe Tour and the 2018 Belgian Road Cycling Cup.

Leuven-born Jasper Stuyven won the group in a bunch sprint ahead of Jonas van Genechten and defending champion Timothy Dupont.

2018 Belgian Road Cycling Cup
The 2018 Belgian Road Cycling Cup (known as the Napoleon Games Cycling Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the third edition of the Belgian Road Cycling Cup. Jasper De Buyst was the defending champion.

Despite not winning any of the events, Timothy Dupont won his second title after already winning the 2016 edition.
Outline of category theory
The following outline is provided as an overview of and guide to category theory:

Category theory is a general theory of mathematical structures and their relations. It was introduced by Samuel Eilenberg and Saunders Mac Lane in the mid-20th century in their foundational work on algebraic topology. Category theory is used in most areas of mathematics. In particular, many constructions of new mathematical objects from previous ones that appear similarly in several contexts are conveniently expressed and unified in terms of categories. Examples include quotient spaces, direct products, completion, and duality.

Many areas of computer science also rely on category theory, such as functional programming and semantics.

2-category
In category theory in mathematics, a 2-category is a category with "morphisms between morphisms", called 2-morphisms. A basic example is the category Cat of all (small) categories, where a 2-morphism is a natural transformation between functors.

The concept of a strict 2-category was first introduced  by Charles Ehresmann in his work on enriched categories in 1965.  The more general concept of bicategory (or weak 2-category), where composition of morphisms is associative only up to a 2-isomorphism, was introduced in 1967 by Jean Bénabou.

A (2, 1)-category is a 2-category where each 2-morphism is invertible.
NTNUI
Norges Teknisk-naturvitenskapelige Universitets Idrettsforening, NTNUI, is the largest sports club in Norway with more than 10,000 members and a variety of participators on all levels of skills in more than 50 different sports. The athletic association is formally connected to the Norwegian University of Science and Technology located in Trondheim. The club has facilities at Dragvoll, Gløshaugen, Moholt and Solsiden.

The club was formed after the merge of several educational institutions in 1996, which resulted in the university NTNU. The largest of the merging sports clubs was NTHI.

NTNUI's cross-country skiing group is the sports club with the highest number of participants in the Norwegian ski marathon Birkebeinerrennet (170 participants in 2010).

Gløshaugen
Gløshaugen is a neighborhood in the city of Trondheim in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the borough of Lerkendal, approximately 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) southeast of Midtbyen in Trondheim Municipality, the downtown center of  Trondheim. It is situated east of the neighborhood of Elgeseter, west of Singsaker, and north of Lerkendal.

Gløshaugen is the site of NTNU Gløshaugen, the main campus and buildings of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). It was the previously the site  of the Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH) which became a part of NTNU after a merger. Most of the university science and engineering buildings are located at Gløshaugen.
HMS Mildura
HMS Mildura was a Pearl-class cruiser built for the Royal Navy in the late 1880s. Originally named HMS Pelorus, she was renamed after an Australian town in April 1890. Per the Imperial Defense Act of 1887, she served primarily in Australian waters.

Captain Henry Leah was in command from April 1897 until April 1900, when Captain Henry C. A. Baynes arrived in Australia on board HMS Diana to take command of the ship. He was succeeded by Captain Charles Kingsmill in September 1900. She was part of the naval escort for the visit of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York (later King George V and Queen Mary) to New Zealand aboard the chartered Royal liner HMS Ophir during 1901. With HMS Royal Arthur (flagship) and HMS Pylades, she visited Norfolk Island in July 1902, Suva, Fiji the following month, and Tonga in September.

She was sold to Garnham, London for scrap in 1906 for £7,200.

HMS Royal Arthur (1891)
HMS Royal Arthur was a first class protected cruiser of the Edgar class, previously named Centaur, but renamed in 1890 prior to launching. She served on the Australia Station and briefly on the North America and West Indies Station before returning to the Home Fleet in 1906. She was paid off after the First World War.
Biadaszki, Łódź Voivodeship
Biadaszki [bjaˈdaʂki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Galewice, within Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north of Galewice, 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Wieruszów, and 93 km (58 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Galewice
Galewice [ɡalɛˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in central Poland in Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, established in the 15th century. It was first mentioned in 1458 in Judicial Chronicles. The origin of the name Galewice is ambiguous. It either comes from a word Gal, which means 'to serve' or it belonged to the first owners of the village, an aristocratic family of Galewski (coat of arms Wierusz). It is the seat of the administrative district of Gmina Galewice. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north-east of Wieruszów and 97 km (60 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
Dogras
The Dogras, or Dogra people, are an Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group living primarily in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. They speak their native Dogri language. They live predominantly in the Duggar region of the Jammu Division of Jammu and Kashmir, and in adjoining areas of the states of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh. Some also live in northeastern Pakistan.

Dogra Rajputs of the Jamwal clan ruled Jammu from the 19th century, when Gulab Singh was made a hereditary Raja of Jammu by Ranjit Singh, while his brother Dhian Singh was the Sikh Empire's prime minister of Punjab, until September 1843. Through the Treaty of Amritsar (1846), they acquired Kashmir as well. 
The Dogra Regiment of the Indian Army primarily consists of Dogras from the Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and Jammu region.

Indo-Aryan peoples
Indo-Aryan peoples (also known as Indic peoples in the context of Indo-European studies) are a diverse collection of peoples predominantly found in South Asia, who (traditionally) speak Indo-Aryan languages. Historically, Aryans were the pastoralists who spoke Indo-Iranian languages, migrated from Central Asia into South Asia, and introduced the Proto-Indo-Aryan language. The early Indo-Aryan peoples were known to be closely related to the Iranian group that have resided west of the Indus River on the Iranian Plateau; an evident connection in cultural, linguistic, and historical ties. Today, the majority of Indo-Aryan speakers are found south of Hindu Kush and east of the Indus, across the modern-day regions of Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives and northern half of India as well as parts of Afghanistan (Kunar).
KBEN-FM
KBEN-FM (103.3 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a classic country format. Licensed to Cowley, Wyoming and serving the Big Horn Basin, the station is owned by Heart Mountain Broadcasting, LLC. The cluster includes sister stations KROW (Cody) and KWHO (Lovell). Under its current ownership, the station provides a high-power FM signal to rural communities that were historically underserved by regional broadcasts. In 2024, Heart Mountain Broadcasting completed a transaction to acquire the station from Northeast Digital & Wireless.
Heart Mountain Broadcasting is an independent media company based in Powell, Wyoming, primarily serving the Bighorn Basin region. It is owned and operated by April Rodriguez, who has been a prominent figure in the local radio landscape since 2000.

KROW
KROW (101.1 FM, "The One") is an American radio station licensed to serve Cody, Wyoming. The station, established in 2010, is owned and operated by Heart Mountain Broadcasting, LLC. KROW broadcasts a contemporary Christian music radio format.
Letnitsa Glacier
Letnitsa Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Летница, romanized: lednik Letnitsa, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik ˈlɛtnit͡sɐ]) is a 0.9 nautical miles (1.7 km; 1.0 mi) long glacier on Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica draining the southeast slopes of Imeon Range east of Organa Peak and south of Riggs Peak.  It is situated southwest of Gramada Glacier and northeast of Kremena Ice Piedmont, and flows southeastward into Hisarya Cove, Osmar Strait.  Bulgarian early mapping in 2009.  The glacier is named after the town of Letnitsa in northern Bulgaria.

63°03′05″S 62°36′25″W﻿ / ﻿63.05139°S 62.60694°W﻿ / -63.05139; -62.60694

Kremena Ice Piedmont
Kremena Ice Piedmont (Bulgarian: ледник Кремена, romanized: lednik Kremena, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik krɛˈmɛnɐ]) is a 2.4 km long and 2.7 km wide glacier on Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica draining the southeast slopes of Imeon Range south of Organa Peak.  Draining southeastwards to flow into Osmar Strait.

The glacier is named after the settlements of Kremena in northeastern Bulgaria, and Upper and Lower Kremena in northwestern Bulgaria.
Central Pashto
Central Pashto (Pashto: منځنۍ پښتو, romanized: Manźanəi Pax̌to) is a standard variety of the Pashto language, spoken in parts of Pakistan and Afghanistan. They are the middle dialects of Mangal, Zadran, Mahsudi and Waziri. These dialects are affected by what Ibrahim Khan terms as "the Great Karlāṇ Vowel Shift".

Here is a comparison of Middle Dialects with South Eastern:

Close-mid back rounded vowel
The close-mid back rounded vowel, or high-mid back rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨o⟩.
Mirosław Hermaszewski
Mirosław Hermaszewski (Polish: [miˈrɔswaf xɛrmaˈʂɛfski] ⓘ; 15 September 1941 – 12 December 2022) was a Polish cosmonaut, fighter plane pilot, and Polish Air Force officer. He became the first and, at the time of his death in December 2022, only Polish national to ever go to space when he flew aboard the Soviet Soyuz 30 spacecraft in 1978. He was the 89th human to reach outer space.

PZL-Mielec Lim-6
The Lim-6 (NATO reporting name Fresco) was a Polish attack aircraft used between 1961 and 1992 by the Polish Air Force. It was a variant of the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17, which was produced in Poland as the Lim-5.
Dobrova, Krško
Dobrova (pronounced [ˈdoːbɾɔʋa]) is a settlement in the hills north of Senovo in the Municipality of Krško in eastern Slovenia. It is a dispersed settlement made up of smaller hamlets such as Bukovšica, Dobrova, Na Terogu, Prebkovje, Puste Ložice, and Plešivec, as well as isolated farms. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

Senovo, Krško
Senovo (pronounced [sɛˈnɔːʋɔ] or [sɛˈnoːʋɔ]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Krško in eastern Slovenia. It developed into a large settlement after its brown coal mine began to operate in 1839, but especially in the early 20th century. The mine closed in the second half of the 1990s. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Christ the Saviour and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Celje. It was built in 1975 and has a square floor plan with a slanted roof and a separate belfry.
Signaling End Point
In telecommunications, a Signaling End Point (SEP) is an SS7 endpoint. This is to be contrasted with a Signal Transfer Point (STP).

Examples include:

Intelligent Network components such as Service Control Points (SCPs) and Service Switching Points (SSPs)

Telephone exchanges implementing Telephone User Part (TUP) or ISDN User Part (ISUP)

Mobile Switching Centers implementing MAP

Service switching point
In telephony, a service switching point (SSP) is the telephone exchange that initially responds, when a telephone caller dials a number, by sending a query to a central database called a service control point (SCP) so that the call can be handled. The service switching point uses the Signalling System No. 7 (SS7) protocols which are responsible for the call setup, management, and termination with other service switching points.
Painting and Travel with Roger and Sarah Bansemer
Painting and Travel is an educational television show produced by Roger and Sarah Bansemer. It is broadcast primarily on PBS channels and has found a place in the ranks of PBS educational painting series Bob Ross and The Joy of Painting and Paint This with Jerry Yarnell. The show has aired on 320 television stations.

A typical episode begins with Sarah narrating a video tour of the filming location, which is chosen for its scenic or historic interest. The video tour ends with an introduction to Roger's painting project for the episode. Roger then demonstrates the painting process and teaches painting principles as he does so. His painting demonstration is usually interrupted by Sarah interviewing someone in the area.
Most of the paintings are seascapes and rural scenes.
Roger paints in acrylics and oils, in the impressionist style. All episodes are 30 minutes in length.

Paint This with Jerry Yarnell
Paint This with Jerry Yarnell is an educational television show produced by Jerry Yarnell, owner of the Yarnell School of Fine Art. It is broadcast primarily on public television channels. The show focuses mostly on landscape, wildlife, and Western American themes, in the impressionist style. The media used are: acrylics, water miscible oils and watercolors.
Ramasamudra
Ramasamudra is a panchayat village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. Administratively, Ramasamudra is under Yadgir Taluka of Yadgir District in Karnataka.  The village of Ramasamudra is 6 km by road east of the village of Munderga, and 8.6 km by road west of the village of Paspool.  The nearest railhead is in Yadgir.

There are two villages in the gram panchayat: Ramasamudra and Ashinal.

Paspool
Paspool is a panchayat village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. Administratively, it is under Yadgir taluka of Yadgir district in Karnataka. Paspool is twenty kilometres by road from the city of Yadgir. The nearest railhead is in Yadgir.
Sode guruma jime
Sode guruma jime (袖車絞め) ("sleeve wheel constriction"), also known as Ezekiel choke, is a type of chokehold which compresses the opponent’s trachea or the carotid arteries. The choke is commonly used in judo and jiu jitsu.

Sambo (martial art)
Sambo is a combat sport, and is essentially a mixed martial art, as it utilizes techniques from other classical martial arts such as boxing, judo, jujutsu,  Greco-Roman wrestling, and freestyle wrestling. Sambo is a recognized style of amateur wrestling governed by the UWW in the World Wrestling Championships along with Greco-Roman wrestling and freestyle wrestling.  Practiced worldwide, sambo is a martial art with Soviet and Russian origins.
Eight Short Preludes and Fugues
The Eight Short Preludes and Fugues (also Eight Little Preludes and Fugues), BWV 553–560, are a collection of works for keyboard and pedal formerly attributed to Johann Sebastian Bach. They are now believed to have been composed by one of Bach's pupils, possibly Johann Tobias Krebs or his son Johann Ludwig Krebs, or by the Bohemian composer Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer.

Peter Williams (musicologist)
Peter Williams (14 May 1937 – 20 March 2016) was an English musicologist, author, harpsichordist, organist, and professor. Williams was considered one of the leading scholars on the organ and the life and works of Johann Sebastian Bach.
Mallian Khurd
Mallian Khurd is a village in Nakodar in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 10.8 kilometres (6.7 mi) from Nakodar, 27 kilometres (17 mi) from Kapurthala, 27.6 kilometres (17.1 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 165 kilometres (103 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Nakodar
Nakodar is a town and a municipal council in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab.

The city is almost 365 km from Delhi, 25 km from Jalandhar, 49 km from Ludhiana, and about 101 km from Amritsar. Surrounding villages include Chak Mughlani, Maheru, Allowal, Mehatpur (Haripur) (Bhullar) Nawan Pind Jattan, Heran, Bir Pind, (Aulakh), Shankar, Nur Pur Chatha, Sarih, Malri, Khanpur Dhadda, Uggi, and Malhian Kalan.

The town is well paved and currently forms a Tehsil of District Jalandhar. Outside the town, there are two large tombs dating from the times of Emperor Jahangir, later one of them is said to be the burial place of the adviser of Emperor Shah Jahan, but it is not known who stand buried in the earlier tomb.
Dekko
Dekko was a San Francisco based company developing a 3D mapping and augmented reality engine. Dekko announced it would develop software that digitally recreates a scene allowing apps and users to interact with their real world surroundings using a built in camera on smart phones or wearable devices like Google Glass. It was founded in 2011 by Silka Sietsma and Matt Miesnieks.

Dekko raised $3.2 million in early funding rounds. Their first game, Tabletop Speed, is an augmented reality race car game for iOS devices. Dekko had announced that it was working on augmented reality apps for Android and Google Glass.

Its last published notice on Twitter was in April 2014, where it announced that "(expect temp twitter silence 4 a while)".

X Corp.
X Corp. is an American technology company headquartered in Bastrop, Texas. Established by Elon Musk in 2023 as the successor to Twitter, Inc., it is a wholly owned subsidiary of xAI since March 28, 2025, which is itself a subsidiary of SpaceX since February 2, 2026. The company owns the social networking service X, and has announced plans to use it as a base for other offerings, including the incorporation of xAI's Grok and Aurora models. They also own the trademarks of services Vine, Periscope, and X.com.
Byzantine cuisine
Byzantine cuisine was the continuation of local ancient Greek cuisine, ancient Roman cuisine, and Mediterranean cuisine. Byzantine trading with foreigners brought in grains, sugar, livestock, fruits, vegetables, and spices that would otherwise be limited to specific geographical climates.

Cooks experimented with new combinations of food, creating two styles in the process. These were the eastern (Asia Minor and the eastern Aegean), consisting of Byzantine cuisine supplemented by trade items, and a leaner style primarily based on local Greek cuisine culture.

Theodore Prodromos
Theodore Prodromos or Prodromus (Greek: Θεόδωρος Πρόδρομος; c. 1100 – c. 1165/70), probably also the same person as the so-called Ptochoprodromos (Πτωχοπρόδρομος "Poor Prodromos"), was a Byzantine Greek writer, well known for his prose and poetry.
2017 Slovak Open
The 2017 Slovak Open was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 18th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2017 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Bratislava, Slovakia between 6 and 12 November 2017.

Slovak Open
The Slovak Open is a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hardcourts. It is an ATP Challenger Tour 125 and an ITF Women's Circuit event. It was part of the Tretorn SERIE+ on the Challenger Tour. It is held at the Peugeot aréna, Národné Tenisové Centrum (NTC) in Bratislava, Slovakia, since 2000.