hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Consonant mutation
Consonant mutation is change in a consonant in a word according to its morphological or syntactic environment.

Mutation occurs in languages around the world. A prototypical example of consonant mutation is the initial consonant mutation of all modern Celtic languages. Initial consonant mutation is also found in Indonesian or Malay, in Nivkh, in Southern Paiute and in several West African languages such as Fula. The Nilotic language Dholuo, spoken in Kenya, shows mutation of stem-final consonants, as does English to a small extent. Mutation of initial, medial and final consonants is found in Modern Hebrew. Also, Japanese exhibits word medial consonant mutation involving voicing, rendaku, in many compounds. Uralic languages like Finnish show consonant gradation, a type of consonant mutation.

Nasal consonant
In phonetics, a nasal, also called a nasal occlusive or nasal stop in contrast with an oral stop or nasalized consonant, is an occlusive consonant produced with a lowered velum, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. The vast majority of consonants are oral consonants. Examples of nasals in English are [n], [ŋ] and [m], in words such as nose, bring and mouth.

Nasal occlusives are nearly universal in human languages. There are also other kinds of nasal consonants in some languages.
2025–26 Liga 4 East Java
2025–26 Liga 4 East Java (also known as 2025–26 Liga 4 Kapal Api East Java Governor's Cup for sponsorship reason) is the second edition of the Liga 4 East Java region for men's football, and served as a qualifying round for the national phase of the 2025–26 Liga 4. The competition is organised by PSSI East Java provincial association.

Pasuruan
Pasuruan (Dutch: Pasoeroean) is a city in East Java Province of Java, Indonesia. It had a population of 186,262 at the 2010 Census and 208,006 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 213,469 (comprising 106,811 males and 106,658 females).

It is surrounded on the landward side by, but is administratively separate from, Pasuruan Regency. On the north side it faces onto the Madura Strait. It is located around 65 kilometres southeast of Surabaya, the provincial capital.
Caernarvon, Louisiana
Caernarvon is an historic unincorporated community in St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana, United States. It is now often considered to be part of the town of Poydras, Louisiana.

The name of the community is from a plantation originally located here. The plantation's name is widely believed to be from a similarly named town and castle in Wales. Names of antebellum plantations in the American South were often reflective of European roots and aspirations of grandeur; two upriver Mississippi River plantations, Nottoway near White Castle, Louisiana, and Sans Souci near Osceola, Arkansas, are two examples of this tradition.

White Castle, Louisiana
White Castle is a town in Iberville Parish, Louisiana, United States. At the 2010 U.S. census the town population was 1,883, and 1,640 at the 2020 population estimates program. It is part of the Baton Rouge metropolitan area.
Khovanshchina (film)
Khovanshchina (Russian: Хованщина) is a 1959 Soviet musical drama film, directed by Vera Stroyeva and based on the eponymous opera by 19th-century Russian composer Modest Mussorgsky. For his adaptation of Mussorgsky's score, Dmitri Shostakovich was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Scoring of a Musical Picture. The music was conducted by Yevgeny Svetlanov.

Streltsy
The streltsy (Russian: стрельцы, lit. 'shooters/firearm troops', IPA: [strʲɪlʲˈt͡sɨ]; sg. стрелец, strelets, IPA: [strʲɪˈlʲet͡s]) were the units of Russian firearm infantry from the 16th century to the early 18th century and also a social stratum, from which personnel for streltsy troops were traditionally recruited. They are also collectively known as streletskoye voysko (стрелецкое войско, 'firearm troops'). These infantry troops reinforced feudal levy horsemen or pomestnoye voysko (поместное войско).

The first units were established by Ivan the Terrible as part of the first Russian standing army. The streltsy were under the administration of the Streletsky prikaz from 1571. Peter the Great curtailed the influence of the streltsy, and following the streltsy uprising of 1698, streltsy units began to be disbanded. However, it was not until the 1720s that this process was completed.
Mount Algidus
Mount Algidus (Latin: Algidus Mons, "Chilly Mountain") is the eastern rim of the dormant Alban Volcano in the Alban Hills, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Rome, Italy. The ridge is traversed by a narrow crevasse called the Cava d'Aglio. It was the site of the ancient Roman Battle of Mount Algidus.

The Via Latina, a road that was strategically advantageous in the military history of Rome, leads to the mountain pass beside Mount Algidus. Dionysius of Halicarnassus claimed that a town was founded on the mountain, but this has not been verified by modern scholarship. Although an extensive fortification lines the Maschio d'Ariano, the hill to the south of the Via Latina, this particular structure is entirely medieval and therefore did not exist during the time period described by Dionysius. However, some historical topographers have mistakenly included it on maps meant to illustrate Italy during the Western Roman Empire.

Military history of ancient Rome
The military history of ancient Rome is inseparable from its political system, based from an early date upon competition within the ruling elite. Two consuls were elected each year to head the government of the state, and in the early to mid-Republic were assigned a consular army and an area in which to campaign.
Valukkai Aru
The Valukkai Aru is a seasonal river in Northern Province, Sri Lanka. The only river on the Jaffna Peninsula, it rises near Tellippalai, before flowing south-west through Kandarodai, Sandilipay and Vaddukoddai. The river empties into Jaffna Lagoon near Araly.

Jaffna Lagoon
Jaffna Lagoon is a large lagoon off Jaffna District and Kilinochchi District, northern Sri Lanka. The lagoon is surrounded by the densely populated Jaffna Peninsula containing palmyra palms, coconut plantations, and rice paddies. There are numerous fishing villages and some salt pans. The lagoon has extensive mudflats, seagrass beds and some mangroves. The lagoon attracts a wide variety of water birds including American flamingoes, ducks, gulls, terns and other shorebirds.
Martin Kavanagh (hurler)
Martin Kavanagh (born 15 September 1994) is an Irish hurler. At club level he plays with St Mullin's and at inter-county level with the Carlow senior hurling team. Kavanagh is Carlow's all-time top scorer.

2023 Joe McDonagh Cup
The 2023 Joe McDonagh Cup was the sixth staging of the Joe McDonagh Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 2018.

Antrim, winner of the 2022 final, were promoted to the Leinster Senior Hurling Championship, replaced by Laois who were relegated back to this competition. Kildare were promoted from the Christy Ring Cup.

The top 2 teams from the round robin stage played off in the final to decide the winner, with Carlow defeating Offaly. Both advanced to the 2023 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship knock-out stages. The bottom team was relegated to Christy Ring Cup.
Elit İşcan
Elit İşcan (born 12 January 1994) is a Turkish actress. Her credits include the film Mustang and the television show Küçük Kadınlar. She has received the IFFI Best Actor Award (Female) at the 46th International Film Festival of India.

IFFI Best Actor Award (Female)
The IFFI Award for Best Actress (officially known as the Silver Peacock for the Best Actor Award (Female)) is an honor presented annually at the International Film Festival of India since 2010 to an actress for the best performance in a leading role in World cinema. Earlier the award was presented on various occasions at the 3rd IFFI for ensemble cast in "Nirjan Saikate", and Brazilian actress Fernanda Torres at 11th IFFI.
R. Taylor Scott
Robert Taylor Scott (1834 – August 5, 1897) was a Virginia lawyer, politician and Confederate officer. Elected three times as Attorney General of Virginia, Scott also served one term in the Virginia House of Delegates and several terms as mayor of Warrenton, Virginia.

Fauquier County, Virginia
Fauquier County /fɔːˈkɪər/ is a United States county located on the Piedmont plateau of the Commonwealth of Virginia.  Part of the Northern Virginia region, Fauquier is included in the Washington metropolitan area.  As of the 2020 census, the county population was 72,972. The county seat is the large historic town of  Warrenton.

The county was created in 1759 from part of Prince William County and was named in honor of Francis Fauquier, the administrative head of Virginia Colony at the time.  Fauquier hosts the Virginia Gold Cup, which, having started in 1922, is one of the longest running steeplechase horse race events in the United States.
Peter Cazalet (racehorse trainer)
Peter Victor Ferdinand Cazalet DL (15 January 1907 – 29 May 1973) was a British cricketer, jockey, racehorse owner and trainer from Shipbourne, Kent. He played first-class cricket for Kent County Cricket Club and the Marylebone Cricket Club. He served in the Guards Armoured Division during the Second World War, reaching the rank of Major. Post-war, he trained many horses owned by Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother and other notable owners. He was British jump racing Champion Trainer on three occasions.

Rackets (sport)
Rackets or racquets is an indoor racket sport played in the United Kingdom, United States, and Canada. It is infrequently called "hard rackets" to distinguish it from the related sport of squash (also called "squash rackets").
Metkatius
Metkatius, named after the town of Metka in the province Jammu and Kashmir, is a small extinct raoellid artiodactyl which inhabited northern India during the Middle Eocene (48-45 Mya) during the Early Lutetian age. Metkatius is known from fragmentary remains, with the only discovered fossil remains being mandibular and maxillary fragments and isolated teeth, mainly belonging to juvenile specimens and a portion of the skeleton of a juvenile, a fragmentary skull, vertabrae, and a forelimb. There are two species of Metkatius, M. kashmiriensis and M. babbiangalensis, the former of which is named after Kashmir while the latter is named after the local word "Babbian" meaning hill and "Gala" meaning depression between two hills.

Glossary of mammalian dental topography
Many different terms have been proposed for features of the tooth crown in mammals.

The structures within the molars receive different names according to their position and morphology. This nomenclature was developed by Henry Fairfield Osborn in 1907 and is, although with many variations, the one that continues today.
Bosnia and Herzegovina FA Training Centre
The Bosnia and Herzegovina FA Training Centre (Bosnian: Trening centar Nogometnog/Fudbalskog saveza Bosne i Hercegovine; Cyrillic: Тренинг центар Ногометног/Фудбалског савеза Босне и Херцеговине) is the training ground of the Football Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina located in the Crkvičko brdo neighbourhood of Zenica, Zenica-Doboj Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina.  The centre was officially inaugurated on 2 September 2013 by then-president of UEFA, Michel Platini, after the first stage of construction was completed.

Football Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Football Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Nogometni/Fudbalski Savez Bosne i Hercegovine (N/FSBiH); Ногометни/Фудбалски Савез Босне и Херцеговине (Н/ФСБиХ), (FSBiH); unified abbreviation N/FSBiH), based in Sarajevo, is the chief officiating body of football in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Bosnian football association was founded as the Sarajevo football sub-association of Yugoslavia in 1920. In 1992, the association was re-founded as the Football Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

In May 2002, the Football Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina was unified to include both Bosnian regional football associations, the Football Association of Republika Srpska, and the already unified Football Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina with the Football Federation of Herzeg-Bosnia. In April 2011, it changed its name from the Football Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the Football Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Nimber
In mathematics, the nimbers, also called Grundy numbers (not to be confused with Grundy chromatic numbers), are introduced in combinatorial game theory, where they are defined as the values of heaps in the game Nim.  The nimbers are the same proper class as the ordinal numbers but endowed with nimber addition and nimber multiplication, which are distinct from ordinal addition and ordinal multiplication.

Because of the Sprague–Grundy theorem which states that every impartial game is equivalent to a Nim heap of a certain size, nimbers arise in a much larger class of impartial games. They may also occur in partisan games like Domineering.

The nimber addition and multiplication operations are associative and commutative. Each nimber is its own additive inverse.  In particular for some pairs of ordinals, their nimber sum is smaller than either addend.  The minimum excludant operation is applied to sets of nimbers.

Domineering
Domineering (also called Stop-Gate or Crosscram) is a mathematical game that can be played on any collection of squares on a sheet of graph paper. For example, it can be played on a 6×6 square, a rectangle, a polyomino, or a combination of any number of such components. Two players have a collection of dominoes which they place on the grid in turn, covering up squares. One player places tiles vertically, while the other places them horizontally. (Traditionally, these players are called "Left" and "Right", respectively, or "V" and "H". Both conventions are used in this article.)
As in most games in combinatorial game theory, the first player who cannot move loses.

Domineering is a partisan game, in that players use different pieces: the impartial version of the game is Cram.
Stauracanthus
Stauracanthus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It includes three species of shrubs and suffrutices native to the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) and northwestern Africa (Algeria and Morocco). They grow in Mediterranean-climate maquis (shrubland), woodland, heaths, and coastal  scrub, on sandy or stony alluvium and coastal dunes. It belongs to subfamily Faboideae. It is sometimes treated as part of the genera Genista or Ulex.

Ulex
Ulex (commonly known as gorse, furze, or whin) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. The genus comprises about 20 species of thorny evergreen shrubs in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family Fabaceae. The species are native to parts of western Europe and northwest Africa, with the majority of species in Iberia.

Gorse is closely related to the brooms, and like them, it has green stems, very small leaves and is adapted to dry growing conditions. However, it differs from the brooms in its extreme thorniness, the shoots being modified into branched thorns 1–4 centimetres (1⁄2–1+1⁄2 inches) long, which almost wholly replace the leaves as the plant's functioning photosynthetic organs. The leaves of young plants are trifoliate, but in mature plants, they are reduced to scales or small spines.  All the species have yellow flowers, generally showy, some with a very long flowering season.
Music of Iran
The music of Iran encompasses music produced by Iranian artists. In addition to the traditional folk and classical genres, it also includes pop and internationally celebrated styles such as jazz, rock, and hip hop.

Iranian music influenced other cultures in West Asia, building up much of the musical terminology of the neighboring Turkic and Arabic cultures, and reached India through the 16th-century Persianate Mughal Empire, whose court promoted new musical forms by bringing Iranian musicians.

Shahnameh
The Shahnameh is a long epic poem written by the Persian poet Ferdowsi between c. 977 and 1010 CE and is the national epic of Greater Iran. Consisting of some 50,000 distichs or couplets (two-line verses), the Shahnameh is one of the world's longest epic poems, and the longest epic poem created by a single author. It tells mainly the mythical and to some extent the historical past of Iran from the creation of the world until the Muslim conquest in the seventh century. Iran, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and the greater region influenced by Persian culture such as Armenia, Dagestan, Georgia, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan celebrate this national epic.

The work is of central importance in Persian culture and Persian language. It is regarded as a literary masterpiece, and definitive of the ethno-national cultural identity of Iran.
1981 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship
The 1981 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship (known at that time as 1981 European Championship for Cadets) was the 6th edition of the FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship. The cities of Thessaloniki and Katerini, in Greece, hosted the tournament. The Soviet Union won the trophy for the third time and became the most winning country in the tournament.

FIBA U16 EuroBasket
The FIBA U16 EuroBasket, formerly the FIBA U16 European Championship, and originally the FIBA European Championship for Cadets is an annual men's youth basketball competition contested by the under-16 national teams from FIBA Europe.

The inaugural tournament was in 1971, and was held biennially until 2003. Since 2004, the competition has been played every year. The tournament serves as qualification for the FIBA Under-17 World Cup in odd numbered years. The current champions are Serbia.
Nadine Poss
Nadine Poss (born 1991), from Windesheim in the German wine region of Nahe, was chosen as the 65th German Wine Queen on 13 September 2013 in Offenburg as the successor to Julia Bertram from the Ahr wine region. She thus became the eighth German Wine Queen from the Nahe. The wine princesses during her twelve-month reign are Ramona Diegel (Rheinhessen) and Sabine Wagner (Rheingau). The German Wine Queen is traditionally crowned in the town of Neustadt an der Weinstraße. By exception that year the ceremony took place in Offenburg. The occasion was the 100th anniversary of the Baden Vintners' Association.

Julia Bertram
Julia Bertram (born 1989) from Dernau in the German wine region of Ahr was crowned as the 64th German Wine Queen on 29 September 2012 in the town of Neustadt an der Weinstraße as the successor to Annika Strebel from the Rheinhessen wine region. The German Wine Princesses during her twelve-month reign were Natalie Henninger from Baden and Anna Hochdörffer from the Palatinate.
Evan MacCormick
Evan MacCormick (15 March 1882 – 13 November 1918) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played thirteen first-class matches for Auckland between 1900 and 1914.

MacCormick was educated at Auckland Grammar School and became a barrister and solicitor, a partner in an Auckland law firm. His highest first-class score was 77, the highest score in the match, when Auckland lost narrowly to the touring MCC in 1906-07. He was the outstanding batsman of the Auckland Cricket Association competition in 1914–15, scoring 809 runs at an average of 101.12, with four centuries.

MacCormick died in November 1918 after contracting influenza and then pneumonia.

Auckland cricket team
The Auckland cricket team represent the Auckland region and are one of six New Zealand domestic first class cricket teams. Governed by the Auckland Cricket Association they are the most successful team having won 28 Plunket Shield titles, ten wins in The Ford Trophy and the Super Smash four times. The team currently play their home games at Eden Park Outer Oval.

The limited overs team, known as the Auckland Aces, have a predominantly light blue kit with a navy and white trim. Their One Day Championship shirt sponsors are Ford whilst their major T20 sponsor is Mondiale.

They won the Men's Super Smash competition in the 2015–16 season, their 4th domestic Twenty20 title overall, making them become the most successful team in New Zealand.
Pyengana
Pyengana is a village in north-east Tasmania, Australia. It is part of the Break O'Day Council administrative region, with less than 1% in the Dorset LGA. The regional centre is St Helens which is approximately 27 kilometres to the east. Pyengana is a rural farming region with a number of natural and historical heritage sites.

Break O'Day Council
Break O'Day Council is a local government body in Tasmania, situated in the northern part of the state's east coast. Break O'Day is classified as a rural local government area and has a population of 6,770, the major towns of the region include St Helens, St Marys and Scamander.
Eupeithes
In Greek mythology, Eupeithes /juˈpaɪˌθiːz/ (Εὐπείθης Eupeíthēs) was the father of Antinous, the leader of the suitors of Penelope.  After his son's death at the hands of Odysseus, Eupeithes tried to revolt against his rule.  He was killed by Odysseus's father, Laertes. Evidently, he had forgotten the favor Odysseus had done for him years before when he committed a piratical raid on Cephallenia. Odysseus protected him from vengeful Cephallenians who wanted to kill him. Yet he let his son lead the suitors in destroying Odysseus's home.

His name means "obedient".

Penelope
Penelope (/pəˈnɛləpi/ pə-NEL-ə-pee; Ancient Greek: Πηνελόπεια, Pēnelópeia, or Πηνελόπη, Pēnelópē) is a character in Homer's Odyssey. She was the queen of Ithaca and was the daughter of Spartan king Icarius and Naiad Periboea.The mythological Penelope is known for her fidelity to her husband Odysseus, despite the attention of more than a hundred suitors during his absence. In one source, Penelope's original name was Arnacia or Arnaea.
Indochinese fulvetta
The Indochinese fulvetta (Fulvetta danisi) is a bird species in the family Paradoxornithidae. Like the other typical fulvettas, it was long included in the Timaliidae genus Alcippe or in the Sylviidae. It was previously considered a subspecies of the spectacled fulvetta, F. ruficapilla.

It is found in Laos and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is temperate forests.

Spectacled fulvetta
The spectacled fulvetta (Fulvetta ruficapilla) is a bird species in the family Paradoxornithidae. Like the other typical fulvettas, it was long included in the Timaliidae genus Alcippe or in the Sylviidae.

It is found in China. Its natural habitat is temperate forests.
Troy Bayliss
Troy Andrew Bayliss (born 30 March 1969 in Taree, New South Wales, Australia) is an Australian motorcycle racer. During his career Bayliss won the Superbike World Championship three times and a MotoGP race, all with Ducati. He finished his career after winning the 2008 World Superbike title. His 52 World Superbike victories ranks fourth all time in the history of the championship behind Jonathan Rea, Álvaro Bautista and Carl Fogarty. His son with Kim Bayliss is named Oli Bayliss, he competes in the World Supersport Championship.

Lusail International Circuit
The Lusail International Circuit (Arabic: حلبة لوسيل الدولية, sometimes rendered Losail International Circuit) is a motor racing circuit located just outside the city of Lusail, north of Doha, Qatar. The track is 5.419 km (3.367 mi) in length, with a main straight of 1.068 km (0.664 mi). The circuit has an FIA Grade 1 license. It is surrounded by artificial grass intended to stop the sand encroaching on the track.