hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2020 in the Philippines
2020 in the Philippines details events of note that have occurred in the Philippines in 2020.

This year is largely defined by COVID-19 pandemic that caused of the national economic recession and continued until the state of public health emergency was lifted in the country on July 21, 2023.

Good conduct time allowance controversy
The good conduct time allowance (GCTA) controversy started in August 2019 involving the employees of the Bureau of Corrections (BuCor). It begins with Bureau of Corrections Director General Nicanor Faeldon and several other government officials signing the document containing the release of former Calauan, Laguna Mayor Antonio Sanchez, who was convicted for the rape and murder of Eileen Sarmenta and her friend Allan Gomez in 1993, and the release of Josman Aznar, Ariel Balansag, Alberto Caño and James Anthony Uy, who were convicted for the rape and murder of sisters Marijoy and Jacqueline Chiong in 1997, citing "good conduct."

The aftermath of release of convicts through GCTA subsequently led to investigation regarding the GCTA and to the BuCor personnel involved in the controversy.
Ponderosa and Bonanza Steakhouses
Ponderosa Steakhouse and Bonanza Steakhouse are a chain of buffet/steakhouse restaurants that are a part of Homestyle Dining LLC based in Plano, Texas. Its menu includes steaks, hamburgers, seafood, and chicken and potato entrées, all of which come with their buffet. A lunch menu is also served.

Unlike some other chains with two names which use only one of the names in a given region, restaurants in the same locale could be named either Bonanza or Ponderosa. This is because Bonanza and Ponderosa were separate companies, which were later merged under the Metromedia Restaurant Group.

The names of the restaurants were derived from the TV series Bonanza, which was set at a place called Ponderosa Ranch.

Ponderosa Ranch
39°14′11″N 119°55′37″W﻿ / ﻿39.2365°N 119.9269°W﻿ / 39.2365; -119.9269

The Ponderosa Ranch was a theme park based on the television western Bonanza, which housed the land, timber and livestock-rich Cartwright family. The amusement park operated in Incline Village, Nevada, near Lake Tahoe, from 1968 until 2004. Portions of the last five seasons of the TV series and three television films were also filmed at that location.
Kelly Williams
Kelly Williams (born February 7, 1982) is a Filipino-American professional basketball player for the TNT Tropang 5G in the PBA. He played collegiate basketball at Oakland University, an NCAA Division I school in the United States, and he also represented the Philippines in international competitions.

Terrafirma Dyip
The Terrafirma Dyip is a professional basketball team playing in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). The team is owned by Terrafirma Realty Development Corporation and originally played under its affiliate company Columbian Autocar Corporation (under the Kia (Sorento, Carnival, Picanto), Mahindra (Enforcer, Floodbuster) and Columbian (Dyip) brands).
Hondlon District
Hondlon District (Mongolian: ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ; Chinese: 昆都仑区) is a district of Baotou, the largest city of Inner Mongolia, China. It was a major destination of migration from Shaanxi, as opposed to Donghe District which retains a mostly native population.

Donghe District
Donghe District (Mongolian: ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠾᠧ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ; Chinese: 东河区) is a district of Baotou, the largest city of Inner Mongolia, China. It contains the core of the "Old Baotou" before large-scale inward migration to other, newer districts.

The Baotou air disaster occurred in Nanhai park within Donghe.
Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center railway station
Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center railway station (simplified Chinese: 广州大学城站; traditional Chinese: 廣州大學城站; pinyin: Guǎngzhōu Dàxuéchéng Zhàn; Cantonese Yale: Gwóngjāu Daaihhohksìhng Jaahm) is an underground station on Guangzhou East Ring intercity railway located in Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. It opened on 29 September 2025. The station is located next to the Guangdong Science Center and Guangzhou University Higher Education Mega Center Campus.

Panyu, Guangzhou
Panyu, formerly romanized as Punyü, is one of 11 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong Province, China. Since January 1975, Panyu County has been under Guangzhou's administration. In 1992, Panyu County was renamed to Panyu county-level city, still under Guangzhou's administration. It was subsequently renamed to Panyu District on 10 July 2000. The present district covers an area of about 530 km2 (200 sq mi).
In Old Alsace (1920 film)
In Old Alsace (French:L'ami Fritz) is a 1920 French silent film directed by René Hervil and starring Léon Mathot, Huguette Duflos and Thérèse Kolb. It was based on a novel by Alexandre Chatrian and Emile Erckmann and was remade as a sound film of the same title in 1933.

In Old Alsace (1933 film)
In Old Alsace (French title:L'ami Fritz) is a 1933 French drama film directed by Jacques de Baroncelli and starring Lucien Duboscq, Simone Bourday and Madeleine Guitty. The film's sets were designed by the art director Jean d'Eaubonne. It is based on an 1864 novel by Alexandre Chatrian and Emile Erckmann.
2023 Copa de la Liga Profesional final
The 2023 Copa de la Liga Profesional final was the final match of the 2023 Copa de la Liga Profesional, the fourth edition of this national cup. It was held in the Estadio Único Madre de Ciudades in Santiago del Estero on 16 December 2023 between Rosario Central and Platense.

Both clubs contested their first Copa de la Liga Profesional final. The last national cup final played by Platense had been the 1943 Copa Adrián Escobar final when the squad lost to Huracán on corner kicks awarded.

Rosario Central won their first title after they defeated Platense 1–0. As champions, Rosario Central qualified for the 2024 Copa Libertadores and the 2023 Trofeo de Campeones.

1943 Copa Adrián Escobar final
The 1943 Copa Adrián C. Escober Final was the match that decided the winner of the fourth edition of the Copa Adrián C. Escobar, an Argentine domestic cup organised by the Argentine Football Association. The match was contested by Club Atlético Huracán, which played its third consecutive final, and Club Atlético Platense.

The final was held in San Lorenzo Stadium on December 11, 1943. After the match ended tied 0–0, Huracán was declared winner 4–1 based on a penalty shootout. Huracán won its second Copa Escobar trophy.
XXXXVI Panzer Corps
XXXXVI Panzer Corps (46th) was a tank corps of the German Army during World War II that participated in the invasion of Yugoslavia.

The Corps was created as the XXXXVI Army Corps and converted to a Panzer Corps on 21 June 1942.

The Panzer Corps took part in Operation Barbarossa and fought in Kiev, Putyvl, Vyazma and Volokolamsk. It later fought in Rusa-Volokolamsk, Rzhev, Vyazma and Yelnya before taking part in Operation Zitadelle (Kursk). It retired to the Svin area in September 1943 and to Mozyr in December. 
It was transferred to the southern sector in January 1944 and fought at Vinnitsa and later on the Dniester. It withdrew to Poland and ended the war in Pomerania by surrendering to British forces, by which point it only had the 547th Volksgrenadier Division and the 2nd Naval Division under its command.

2nd Marine Division (Wehrmacht)
The 2nd Marine Division (German: 2. Marine-Infanterie-Division) was a military formation of the German Navy (Kriegsmarine) under control of the German Army (Heer) during the later part of the Second World War.
Cuccaro Monferrato
Cuccaro Monferrato (Cucri in Piemontese) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) east of Turin and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Alessandria.

Cuccaro Monferrato borders the following municipalities: Camagna Monferrato, Fubine, Lu, Quargnento, and Vignale Monferrato.

The Swedish former footballer Nils Liedholm resided there and ran a vineyard, and his son Carlo runs it today.

Camagna Monferrato
Camagna Monferrato is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) east of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Alessandria.

Camagna Monferrato borders the following municipalities: Casale Monferrato, Conzano, Frassinello Monferrato, Lu e Cuccaro Monferrato, Rosignano Monferrato, and Vignale Monferrato.
Cincinnati Township, Hamilton County, Ohio
Cincinnati Township is a paper township and former civil township in south-central Hamilton County, Ohio. Originally one of Ohio's largest townships by area at its inception in 1791, it was abolished in 1834 when the City of Cincinnati became coextensive with it through annexation. Since then, it has remained solely as a paper township.

Delhi Township, Ohio
Delhi Township (/ˈdɛlhaɪ/ DELL-high) is one of the twelve townships of Hamilton County, Ohio, United States.  The 2020 census found 28,760 people in the township. It is the only Delhi Township statewide.
Electro stimulation
Electro-stimulation is stimulation using electricity.

It can be used in the context of:

Animal husbandry as part of the artificial insemination process

Bioelectromagnetics
Cranial electrotherapy stimulation
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Transcorneal electrical stimulation

Electrical muscle stimulation
Bio-electric stimulation therapy
Functional electrical stimulation
Erotic electrostimulation, sometimes a form of BDSM

Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive neurostimulation technique in which a changing magnetic field is used to induce an electric current in a targeted area of the brain through electromagnetic induction. A device called a stimulator generates electric pulses that are delivered to a magnetic coil placed against the scalp. The resulting magnetic field penetrates the skull and induces a secondary electric current in the underlying brain tissue, modulating neural activity.

Medical devices delivering repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) provide safe and effective treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD), chronic pain, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Adverse effects of TMS appear rare and include fainting and seizure, which occur in roughly 0.1% of patients and are usually attributable to administration error.
Galerina sulciceps
Galerina sulciceps is a dangerously toxic species of fungus in the family Hymenogastraceae, of the order Agaricales. It is distributed in tropical Indonesia and India, but has reportedly been found fruiting in European greenhouses on occasion. More toxic than the deathcap (Amanita phalloides), G. sulciceps has been shown to contain the toxins alpha- (α-), beta- (β-) and gamma- (γ-) amanitin; a series of poisonings in Indonesia in the 1930s resulted in 14 deaths from the consumption of this species. It has a typical "little brown mushroom" appearance, with barely any obvious external characteristics to help differentiate it from many other similar undistinguished brown species. The fruit bodies of the fungus are tawny to ochre, deepening to reddish-brown at the base of the stem. The gills are well-separated, and there is no ring present on the stem.

Mushroom poisoning
Mushroom poisoning is poisoning resulting from the ingestion of mushrooms that contain toxic substances. Symptoms can vary from slight gastrointestinal discomfort to death in about 10 days. Mushroom toxins are secondary metabolites produced by the fungus.

Mushroom poisoning is usually the result of ingestion of wild mushrooms after misidentification of a toxic mushroom as an edible species. The most common reason for this misidentification is a close resemblance in terms of color and general morphology of the toxic mushrooms species with edible species. To prevent mushroom poisoning, mushroom gatherers familiarize themselves with the mushrooms they intend to collect, as well as with any similar-looking toxic species. The safety of eating wild mushrooms may depend on methods of preparation for cooking. Some toxins, such as amatoxins, are thermostable and mushrooms containing such toxins will not be rendered safe to eat by cooking.
Barts Health NHS Trust
Barts Health NHS Trust is an NHS trust based in London, England. Established in 2012, it runs five hospitals throughout the City of London and East London, and is one of the largest NHS trusts in England.

NHS trust
An NHS trust is an organisational unit within the National Health Services of England and Wales, generally serving either a geographical area or a specialised function (such as an ambulance service). In any particular location there may be several trusts involved in the different aspects of providing healthcare to the local population. As of April 2020, there were altogether 217 trusts, and they employ around 800,000 of the NHS's 1.2 million staff.
Campus of the California Institute of Technology
Caltech's 124-acre (50 ha) primary campus is located in Pasadena, California, approximately 11 miles (18 km) northeast of downtown Los Angeles. It is within walking distance of Old Town Pasadena and the Pasadena Playhouse District and therefore the two locations are frequent getaways for Caltech students.

Albert C. Martin Jr.
Albert Carey Martin Jr. FAIA (August 3, 1913 – March 30, 2006) was an American architect. He carried on the legacy of his architect father, Albert C. Martin. The Los Angeles firm they established is known as AC Martin Partners.
Sport in Central Province, Sri Lanka
Sport in the Central Province of Sri Lanka has produced sports people in Sri Lanka for a wide range of sports. Sport in the Central Province is mainly dominated by Kandy who have produced national captains of cricket and rugby, and athletes that play at the highest level of all sports.

Asgiriya Stadium
Asgiriya Stadium, (Sinhala: අස්ගිරිය ක්‍රීඩාංගනය, Tamil: அஸ்கிரிய மைதானம்) is a cricket ground located in Kandy, Sri Lanka. Uniquely owned by Trinity College, Kandy, it is situated a short distance away from the city centre. Historically, it was a prominent venue for Test matches when international teams toured Sri Lanka. Asgiriya gained fame as the country's second Test cricket ground in 1982–83 when it hosted Greg Chappell's Australian team, following in the footsteps of the Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu Stadium.
Camazepam
Camazepam is a benzodiazepine psychoactive drug, marketed under the brand names Albego, Limpidon and Paxor. It is the dimethyl carbamate ester of temazepam, a metabolite of diazepam. While it possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, skeletal muscle relaxant and hypnotic properties it differs from other benzodiazepines in that its anxiolytic properties are particularly prominent but has comparatively limited anticonvulsant, hypnotic and skeletal muscle relaxant properties.

Muscle relaxant
A muscle relaxant is a drug that affects skeletal muscle function and decreases the muscle tone. It may be used to alleviate symptoms such as muscle spasms, pain, and hyperreflexia. The term "muscle relaxant" is used to refer to two major therapeutic groups: neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics. Neuromuscular blockers act by interfering with transmission at the neuromuscular end plate and have no central nervous system (CNS) activity. They are often used during surgical procedures and in intensive care and emergency medicine to cause temporary paralysis. Spasmolytics, also known as "centrally acting" muscle relaxants, are used to alleviate musculoskeletal pain and spasms and to reduce spasticity in a variety of neurological conditions. While both neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics are often grouped together as muscle relaxants, the term is commonly used to refer to spasmolytics only.
National Library of Mongolia
Mongolian National Library (Mongolian: Монгол Улсын Үндэсний Номын Сан) located in Sükhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar, is the largest and oldest library in Mongolia. It houses over three million books and publications, one million of which are rare and valuable books, sutras and manuscripts, including the world's only surviving copies of many ancient Buddhist texts.

Sükhbaatar (district)
Sükhbaatar District (Mongolian: Sükhbaatar düüreg) is one of nine districts of the Mongolian capital Ulaanbaatar. It is subdivided into 18 subdistricts. The district was established in 1965 and named after revolutionary hero Damdin Sükhbaatar. As of 2004, it had an approximate population of 112,533 in 24,568 households.

This district marks the center of the city. Most government, educational and cultural organizations are located here: The Mongolian Government house, The Parliament house, 13 Embassies, Government Ministries, the World Bank, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the National University of Mongolia, and the University of Science and Technology.

The head office of the airline Hunnu Air (formerly Mongolian Airlines) is in the district.
Northwest Florida State College
Northwest Florida State College (NWFSC) is a public college with its main campus in Niceville, Florida, United States. It is part of the Florida College System, and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, offering associate and baccalaureate degrees, and several certificate programs. NWFSC operates multiple campuses across Okaloosa and Walton counties.

Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) is a regional educational accreditor recognized by the United States Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation. As of 2022, the organization oversees approximately 750 public and private degree-granting educational institutions in the Southern United States. Its headquarters are in North Druid Hills, Georgia, near Decatur, in the Atlanta metropolitan area.

SACS accredits educational institutions in the states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia, and educational institutions for U.S. students in Mexico, the Caribbean, Central and South America.

There are a number of affiliate organizations within the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. One affiliate organization is the Southern Association of Community, Junior, and Technical Colleges.
Juncus saximontanus
Juncus saximontanus is a species of rush known by the common name Rocky Mountain rush. It is native to much of western North America from Alaska to central Mexico, where it grows in wet habitat, often in mountainous areas, such as bogs and moist meadows.

This is a rhizomatous perennial herb producing a clump of stems up to about 60 centimeters tall. The inflorescence is made up of several oval or spherical heads containing up to 25 flowers each. The flower has narrow, pointed brown segments not more than about 3 millimeters long. This rush is sometimes treated as a variety of Juncus ensifolius.

Juncus ensifolius
Juncus ensifolius is a species of rush known by the common names swordleaf rush, sword-leaved rush, and three-stamened rush. It is native to much of western North America from Alaska to central Mexico, and into eastern Canada. It is present in Japan and far eastern Russia, and it has been introduced to many other regions of the world, including Europe, New Zealand, Hawaii, and Australia. It is a plant of wet areas in many types of habitat. This is a rhizomatous perennial herb forming clumps of stems 20 to 60 centimeters tall. The flat but curving leaves are mostly located at the base of the stems and are variable in length. The inflorescence is an array of many rounded clusters of many flowers each. Each flower has a number of dark brown to black tepals a few millimeters long and usually three small stamens enclosed between them. The fruit is an oblong capsule with a small beak on the tip.
Mambo (dance)
Mambo is a Latin dance of Cuba which was developed in the 1940s when the music genre of the same name became popular throughout Latin America. The original ballroom dance which emerged in Cuba and Mexico was related to the danzón, albeit faster and less rigid. In the United States, it replaced rhumba as the most fashionable Latin dance. Later on, with the advent of salsa and its more sophisticated dance, a new type of mambo dance including breaking steps was popularized in New York. This form received the name of "salsa on 2", "mambo on 2" or "modern mambo".

Tito Puente
Ernest Anthony Puente Jr. (April 20, 1923 – May 31, 2000), commonly known as Tito Puente, was an American musician, songwriter, bandleader, timbalero, and record producer. He composed dance-oriented mambo and Latin jazz music. He was also known as “El Rey de los Timbales,” or “The King of the Timbales.”

Puente and his music have appeared in films including The Mambo Kings and Fernando Trueba's Calle 54. He guest-starred on television shows, including Sesame Street and The Simpsons episode "Who Shot Mr. Burns?".
Birgir Mikaelsson
Birgir Mikaelsson (born 27 September 1965) is an Icelandic former basketball player and a former member of Icelandic national team. In 1990, he won the national championships with KR. During his career, he played in four different decades.

1. deild karla (basketball)
1. deild karla (English: Men's First Division) or D1 is the second-tier basketball competition among clubs in Iceland. It is organized by the Icelandic Basketball Federation (Icelandic: Körfuknattleikssamband Íslands - KKÍ).
The season consists of a home-and-away schedule of 18 games, followed by a four-team playoff round. Both semifinals and finals series are best-of-three. The top team from the regular-season phase and the four-team playoff round winner are promoted to the Úrvalsdeild karla. The bottom club is relegated, and replaced by the four-team playoff round winner of the third-tier 2. deild karla.
Jeff Plate
Jeff Plate (born March 26, 1962) is an American heavy metal drummer who has been a member of Savatage since 1994. He is also a member of Trans-Siberian Orchestra and a former member of Metal Church from 2006 to their break up in 2009 and again from their reunion in 2012 to 2017.

Zachary Stevens
Zachary Trussell (born March 5, 1966), known professionally as Zachary "Zak" Stevens, is an American singer, best known as the second lead vocalist of the heavy metal band Savatage. He currently performs with the heavy metal bands Circle II Circle and Archon Angel. Stevens has a degree in psychology, but is not a practicing psychologist.
The Golden Calf (1968 film)
The Golden Calf (Russian: Золотой телёнок, romanized: Zolotoy telyonok) is a 1968 Soviet comedy film directed by Mikhail Schweitzer, based on the eponymous novel by Ilf and Petrov. The title of the film and the novel alludes to the "golden calf" of the Bible.

Ilf and Petrov
Ilya Ilf (Ilya Arnoldovich Feinsilberg or Russian: Илья Арнольдович Файнзильберг, 1897–1937) and Yevgeny Petrov (Yevgeniy Petrovich Katayev or Russian: Евгений Петрович Катаев, 1902–1942) were two Soviet prose authors of the 1920s and 1930s. They did much of their writing together, and are almost always referred to as "Ilf and Petrov". They were natives of Odessa.

The duo were arguably the most popular satirical writers in the Soviet period, representatives of the "Odessa School" of humorist writers, and some of the very prominent, mostly Jewish odessit (Odessa native) cultural figures along with Isaac Babel and Leonid Utesov, who moved to work in the Soviet capital after the abolition of restrictions on Jewish residence in the Pale of Settlement.