hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leiden University Library
Leiden University Libraries is the set of libraries of Leiden University, founded in 1575 in Leiden, Netherlands.
 Holdings include some five million volumes, one million e-books, ninety thousand e-journals, two thousand current paper journals, and three thousand cuneiform tablets. 
The library manages large collections on Indonesia and the Caribbean, and curates seven entries in UNESCO's international and Dutch Memory of the World Register.
Joseph Justus Scaliger, who was a languages and history professor at Leiden from 1593 up to 1609, commented in Latin on the library:

"Est hic magna commoditas bibliothecae ut studiosi possint studere"
—Josephus Justus Scaliger

"Here [at Leiden] is the great convenience of a library so that those who want to study [students], can study."

Museum De Lakenhal
Museum De Lakenhal is the city museum of fine art and history in Leiden, Netherlands. Founded in 1874, its collection ranges from early works by Rembrandt van Rijn and Lucas van Leyden's Last Judgement to modern classics of De Stijl and artworks created by contemporary artists such as Claudy Jongstra, Atelier van Lieshout. One notable collection is that of  fijnschilder paintings from the Dutch Golden Age. Besides its permanent collection, the museum runs temporary exhibitions and public events.
Pottage
Pottage or potage (/pɒˈ-, pəˈ-/, French: [potaʒ] ⓘ; from Old French  pottage 'food cooked in a pot') is a thick soup or stew made by boiling vegetables, grains, and, if available, meat or fish. It was a staple food for many centuries. The word pottage comes from the same Old French root as potage, which is a dish of more recent origin.

Pottage ordinarily consisted of  various ingredients, sometimes those easily available to peasants. It could be kept over the fire for a period of days, during which time some of it could be eaten, and more ingredients added. The result was a dish that was constantly changing. Pottage consistently remained a staple of poor people's diet throughout most of 9th to 17th-century Europe. The pottage that these people ate was much like modern-day soups. When wealthier people ate pottage, they would add more expensive ingredients such as meats.

Grain
A grain is a small, hard, dry fruit (caryopsis) – with or without an attached hull layer – harvested for human or animal consumption. A grain crop is a grain-producing plant. The two main types of commercial grain crops are cereals and legumes.

After being harvested, dry grains are more durable than other staple foods, such as starchy fruits (plantains, breadfruit, etc.) and tubers (sweet potatoes, cassava, and more). This durability has made grains well suited to industrial agriculture, since they can be mechanically harvested, transported by rail or ship, stored for long periods in silos, and milled for flour or pressed for oil. Thus, the grain market is a major global agricultural market that includes crops such as maize, rice, soybeans, wheat and other grains.
2024 Giro d'Italia Women
The 2024 Giro d'Italia Women was the 35th edition of the Giro d'Italia Women, a women's road cycling stage race in Italy. The race took place from 7 to 14 July and was the 21st event of the 2024 UCI Women's World Tour calendar. The race was organised by RCS Sport, which also organised the men's Giro d'Italia. The race was won by Italian rider Elisa Longo Borghini of Lidl–Trek, the first Italian winner since 2008.

2008 Giro d'Italia Femminile
The 2008 Giro d'Italia Femminile, or Giro Donne, was the 19th running of the Giro d'Italia Femminile, one of the premier events of the women's road cycling calendar. It was held over nine stages from 5–13 July 2008. The race was won by Italian Fabiana Luperini (Menikini–Selle Italia–Master Colors) for the fifth time, 10 years since her last victory at the race.
Trumpchi GS8
The Trumpchi GS8 is a mid-size SUV produced by GAC Group under the Trumpchi brand in China and the GAC Motor brand globally.

The first generation was launched in 2016, and spawned a slightly smaller 5-seater variant dubbed the Trumpchi GS7. The Trumpchi GS7 received a facelift in April 2020 and was renamed the Trumpchi GS8S. The second generation GS8 was unveiled in 2021 with a longer, wider body and a longer wheelbase compared to the first generation model.

North American International Auto Show
The Detroit Auto Show, formerly known as the North American International Auto Show (NAIAS), is an annual auto show held in Detroit, Michigan. Hosted at Huntington Place (formerly Cobo Center) since 1965, it is among the largest auto shows in North America, and is widely regarded as one of the automotive industry's most important events.

The show is organized by the Detroit Auto Dealers Association (DADA), and has been held annually in January for much of its recent history. It is usually open to the general public for 1–2 weeks, preceded by previews for industry employees and media, and a black-tie "charity preview" fundraiser for local children's charities.
Silverado, California
Silverado is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Silverado Canyon, which is located in the Santa Ana Mountains in eastern Orange County, California. Portions of the town sit on a former Mexican land grant Rancho Lomas de Santiago.  Silverado is located at the boundaries of Cleveland National Forest. The site is a California Historical Landmark, and is located near the village site of Puhú.

Cleveland National Forest
Cleveland National Forest is a U.S. national forest in Southern California that encompasses 460,000 acres/720 mi2 (1,900 km2) of inland montane regions. It is approximately 60 miles (97 km) from the Pacific Ocean, within the counties of San Diego, Riverside, and Orange. The landscape varies somewhat, with mostly chaparral canyons, arroyos and high desert, but dotted with meadows and oak and conifer forests. Near water sources, riparian environments and perennial aquatic plants attract native and migratory wildlife, such as at San Diego's man-made Lake Cuyamaca. A generally warm and dry, inland-Mediterranean climate prevails over the Forest, with the cooler months producing morning frost and snowfall (in the higher elevations). It is the southernmost U.S. National Forest of California. The area is administered by the U.S. Forest Service, a government agency within the United States Department of Agriculture, and is locally overseen by the Descanso, Palomar and Trabuco Ranger Districts.
Jagtar Singh Jagga Hissowal
Jagtar Singh Jagga Hissowal is a member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly from Raikot constituency. He won the 2017 legislative election on the Aam Aadmi Party ticket by defeating Congress candidate Dr. Amar Singh. He used to be a local teacher until he retired to throw his hat into the political ring. In family life, he has a non controversial marriage and has two children. Currently, he is a member of the Committee of Local Bodies and Panchayat Raj Institutions in the Punjabi Vidhan Sabha.

In November 2021, Jagtar Singh had switched over to the Congress party’s side in the Punjab Legislative Assembly and declared his support behind Charanjit Singh Channi to be Punjab’s new Chief Minister.

Charanjit Singh Channi
Charanjit Singh Channi (born 15 March 1963) is an Indian politician who served as the 16th Chief Minister of Punjab and also as leader of the house in assembly. He is a member of the Indian National Congress. He is serving as a Member of the Lok Sabha from Jalandhar Lok Sabha constituency since 4 June 2024. He was also Minister of Technical Education and Training in Second Amarinder Singh ministry and leader of the opposition in the Punjab Legislative Assembly.
Freedom and Revolution
Freedom and Revolution (in Portuguese: Liberdade e Revolução) is a Marxist political grouping in Brazil, consisting mainly of members of the Socialist Democracy, and some former members of the Articulation of the Left, who have left or been expelled from the Workers' Party (PT) and joined the Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL). Members include: senator Heloísa Helena, PSOL's chair; presidential candidate in 2006 election, the economist João Machado; the journalist Gilberto Maringoni. Members of Freedom and Revolution publish the online magazine Marxismo Revolucionario Atual.

Within Freedom and Revolution, supporters of the reunified Fourth International (FI) form a group called the "Socialist Democracy Collective - 4th International" which the FI's International Committee in a resolution dated February 2006 referred to as "Another sector of the FI in Brazil" beside the largest group of FI members, Socialist Democracy.

Fourth International (post-reunification)
The Fourth International (FI), founded in 1938, is a Trotskyist international.

Following a ten-year schism, in 1963 the majorities of the two public factions of the Fourth International, the International Secretariat of the Fourth International (ISFI) and the International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI) reunited.

In 2003, the United Secretariat was replaced by an Executive Bureau and an International Committee, although some other Trotskyists still refer to the organisation as the USFI or USec.
Great Mosque of Qal'at Bani Hammad
The Great Mosque of Al Qala'a (Arabic: مسجد القلعة, romanized: Masjid El Qala'a)  is a former Sunni mosque, now in partial ruins, located in the UNESCO World Heritage city of Qal'at Bani Hammad, in the province of M'sila, Algeria. Its construction dates from the early 11th century, during the rule of the Hammadid Emir Hammad ibn Buluggin.

The mosque spans an area of over 3,500 square metres (38,000 sq ft), taking on a rectangular layout. It encompasses a vast sahn, a hypostyle prayer hall, and a square 25-metre-tall (82 ft) minaret. Regarded as one of the largest historic mosques in Algeria, second only to the Mansourah, it also contains one of the country's oldest minarets. Additionally, the mosque likely exerted an influence on subsequent Almohad minarets, notably the Giralda in Seville. Together with other archaeological remnants of palatial structures, it stands as a primary testament to the opulence and impact of the Hammadid civilization.

Pointed arch
A pointed arch, ogival arch, or Gothic arch is an arch with a pointed crown, whose two curving sides meet at a relatively sharp angle at the top of the arch. Also known as a two-centred arch, its form is derived from the intersection of two circles. This architectural element was particularly important in Gothic architecture. The earliest use of a pointed arch dates back to bronze-age Nippur. As a structural feature, it was first used in eastern Christian architecture, Byzantine architecture and Sasanian architecture, but in the 12th century it came into use in France and England as an important structural element, in combination with other elements, such as the rib vault and later the flying buttress. These allowed the construction of cathedrals, palaces and other buildings with dramatically greater height and larger windows which filled them with light.
Forge Media
Forge Media is the student-run organization at the University of Sheffield which has overseen Forge Radio, Forge TV and Forge Press since 2008. On 4 July 2012, Forge Media was named Best Student Media at the NUS Awards. The award recognised the many hours of hard work put in by the members of the Forge Press, Forge Radio and Forge TV teams, as individual teams and as one fully converged media package, displaying a wide range of multimedia skills and including hundreds of members of the student body, and reaching large audiences.

Student Radio Association
The Student Radio Association (SRA) is a representative body which supports and acts on behalf of the UK student radio community, comprising radio stations that are associated with or linked to a place of education. It is a not-for-profit organisation, which exists to encourage and facilitate communication between student stations. It was dissolved by Companies House in May 2018, but was reincorporated on 30 August 2019 as the Student Radio Association Ltd Ltd.
Pastores dabo vobis
Pastores dabo vobis (I shall give you shepherds) is an apostolic exhortation released on March 25, 1992, by Pope John Paul II. It concerns the formation of priests and is addressed to both clergy and the lay faithful of the Catholic Church.

The exhortation emphasizes human formation as the basis of all priestly formation.

Apostolic exhortation
An apostolic exhortation is a magisterial document written by the pope.  Some experts regard it as third in importance among papal documents, after apostolic constitutions and encyclicals. Exhortations generally encourage a particular virtue or activity. Apostolic exhortations are frequently issued following a Synod of Bishops, in which case they are known as post-synodal apostolic exhortations. They do not define Church doctrine and are not considered legislative.
A Royal Scandal (1996 film)
A Royal Scandal is a 1996 British television docudrama produced and directed by Sheree Folkson. The teleplay by Stanley Price focuses on the ill-fated marriage of George IV and Duchess Caroline of Brunswick. Dialogue from actual historical records reveals how each party tries to humiliate the other, causing the monarchy to suffer great embarrassment. Narrated by Ian Richardson, the drama was broadcast by the BBC.

The programme was released on videotape in 1998 and is included in its entirety as a bonus feature on the DVD of The Queen's Sister, released by BBC Video in 2007.

The Queen's Sister
The Queen's Sister is a 2005 British biographical drama television film directed by Simon Cellan Jones, written by Craig Warner, and starring Lucy Cohu as Princess Margaret, the younger sister of Queen Elizabeth II. Toby Stephens and David Threlfall also star.

The film is a semi-fictionalized account of Margaret's life from 1952 until the mid-1970s. It was produced by Touchpaper Television, part of the RDF Media Group, and was broadcast by Channel 4 on 27 November 2005. It has been released on DVD by BBC Video.
Krivače (Han Pijesak)
Krivače (Cyrillic: Криваче) is a village in the Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the 1991 census, the village is located in the municipality of Han Pijesak with a population of 248. All but two of the village residents are Muslim.

Han Pijesak
Han Pijesak (Serbian Cyrillic: Хан Пијесак) is a town and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, the municipality has a population of 3,530 inhabitants, while the town of Han Pijesak has a population of 1,820 inhabitants.
1974 Mongolian National Championship
The 1974 Mongolian National Championship was the eleventh recorded edition of the Mongolian National Championship for football, with the first tournament taking place in 1955 and no tournament held in 1965. The 1974 national championship was won by Aldar (literally Glory; a team representing the Army sports society) their second recorded title, following their victory in the 1970 championship. Though it would appear however that championships were contested between 1956 and 1963, as sources note that a team called Aldar, the Mongolian Army Sports Club, won the title on numerous occasions during that time. Zamchin, a team representing railway workers finished as runners up, with Darkhan, representing the city of Darkhan, the capital of Darkhan-Uul Aimag, the 1968 champions, finishing third.

1970 Mongolian National Championship
The 1970 Mongolian National Championship was the seventh recorded edition of the Mongolian National Championship for football, with the first tournament taking place in 1955 and no tournament held in 1965. It would appear however that championships were contested between 1956 and 1963, as sources note that Aldar, (literally: Glory) the Mongolian Army Sports Club, won the title on numerous occasions during that time. Nonetheless, the 1970 national championship was won by Aldar, their first recorded title. Aldar went unbeaten throughout the entire season, with Khuldumur finishing as runners up and Darkhan in third place. The official best players for the championship included: Baigal, Bayanjargal, Sagar (all Aldar), Emel, Grish, Purevjal (all Darkhan), Samdan (Khudulmur).
Sapindus mukorossi
Sapindus mukorossi, commonly known as Indian soapberry, washnut, ritha or Chinese soapberry, is a species of tree in the family Sapindaceae. It is a deciduous tree that grows in the lower foothills and midhills of the Himalayas at altitudes of up to 1,200 metres (4,000 ft). It is also native to western coastal Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Goa in India; as well as Nepal Indochina, southern China, Japan and Taiwan as known by its many indigenous peoples. It is tolerant to reasonably poor soil, can be planted around farmers' homes, and one tree can produce 30 to 35 kilograms (66 to 77 lb) of fruit per year.

Sapindaceae
The Sapindaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales known as the soapberry family. It contains 138 genera and 1,858 accepted species. Examples include horse chestnut, maples, ackee and lychee.

The Sapindaceae occur in temperate to tropical regions, many in laurel forest habitat, throughout the world. Many are laticiferous, i.e. they contain latex, a milky sap, and many contain mildly toxic saponins with soap-like qualities in either the foliage and/or the seeds, or roots. The largest genera are Serjania, Paullinia, Allophylus and Acer.
Bob LeMond
Robert West LeMond, Jr. (April 11, 1913 – January 6, 2008) was an American radio and television announcer who was best known as the voice who announced for the television shows Leave It to Beaver and Ozzie and Harriet. LeMond was also the announcer for the first radio sitcom by Lucille Ball, My Favorite Husband, as well as for the first television pilot episode of I Love Lucy. The peak of his announcing career spanned from the 1930s well into the 1960s.

Radio advertisement
In the United States, commercial radio stations generate most of their revenue by selling airtime for radio advertisements. These advertisements are paid for by a business or service in exchange for the station airing their commercial or mentioning them on air. The most common type of advertisement is the "spot commercial", which typically lasts no longer than one minute. Longer advertisements, often running for 45, 60, or more minutes, are known as "infomercials" and provide more detailed information about the promoted product or service.

The United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC), established under the Communications Act of 1934, regulates commercial broadcasting. Many of the relevant laws have remained relatively unchanged since the Radio Act of 1927. In 2015, radio accounted for 7.8% of total U.S. media expenditures.
MAGENTA
In cryptography, MAGENTA is a symmetric key block cipher developed by Michael Jacobson Jr. and Klaus Huber for Deutsche Telekom. The name MAGENTA is an acronym for Multifunctional Algorithm for General-purpose Encryption and Network Telecommunication Applications. (The color magenta is also part of the corporate identity of Deutsche Telekom.) The cipher was submitted to the Advanced Encryption Standard process, but did not advance beyond the first round; cryptographic weaknesses were discovered and it was found to be one of the slower ciphers submitted.

MAGENTA has a block size of 128 bits and key sizes of 128, 192 and 256 bits. It is a Feistel cipher with six or eight rounds.

After the presentation of the cipher at the first AES conference, several cryptographers immediately found vulnerabilities. These were written up and presented at the second AES conference (Biham et al., 1999).

Feistel cipher
In cryptography, a Feistel cipher (also known as Luby–Rackoff block cipher) is a symmetric structure used in the construction of block ciphers, named after the German-born physicist and cryptographer Horst Feistel, who did pioneering research while working for IBM; it is also commonly known as a Feistel network. A large number of block ciphers use the scheme, including the US Data Encryption Standard, the Soviet/Russian GOST (aka Magma) and the more recent Blowfish and Twofish ciphers. In a Feistel cipher, encryption and decryption are very similar operations, and both consist of iteratively running a function called a "round function" a fixed number of times.
Will Barnet
Will Barnet (May 25, 1911 – November 13, 2012) was an American visual artist and teacher, known for his paintings, watercolors, drawings, and prints depicting the human figure and animals, both in casual scenes of daily life and in transcendent dreamlike worlds.

Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (PAFA) is a museum and private art school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1805, it is the longest continuously operating art museum and art school in the United States.

The academy's museum is internationally known for its collections of 19th- and 20th-century American paintings, sculptures, and works on paper. Its archives house important materials for the study of American art history, museums, and art training. It offers a Bachelor of Fine Arts, Master of Fine Arts, certificate programs, and continuing education. Beginning in 2025, the academy will cease offering degrees except bachelor's degrees in conjunction with the University of Pennsylvania.
Brown noddy
The brown noddy, common noddy or noddy tern  (Anous stolidus) is a seabird in the family Laridae. The largest of the noddies, it can be told from the closely related black noddy by its larger size and plumage, which is dark brown rather than black. The brown noddy is a tropical seabird with a worldwide distribution, ranging from Hawaii to the Tuamotu Archipelago and Australia in the Pacific Ocean, from the Red Sea to the Seychelles and Australia in the Indian Ocean and in the Caribbean to Tristan da Cunha in the Atlantic Ocean. The brown noddy is colonial, usually nesting on elevated situations on cliffs or in short trees or shrubs. It only occasionally nests on the ground. A single egg is laid by the female of a pair each breeding season. In India, the brown noddy is protected in the PM Sayeed Marine Birds Conservation Reserve.

Anous
The noddies, forming the genus Anous, are a genus of seabirds in family Laridae which also contains the gulls, terns and skimmers.  The genus contains five species.

The noddies inhabit tropical oceans and have a worldwide distribution, ranging from Hawaii to the Tuamotu Archipelago and Australia in the Pacific Ocean, from the Red Sea to the Seychelles and Australia in the Indian Ocean and in the Caribbean to Tristan da Cunha in the Atlantic Ocean. They nest in colonies on cliffs or in short trees or shrubs, seldom on the ground. The female lays one egg in each breeding season. These birds feed on small fish which they catch by dipping their bills beneath the surface while flying; they do not plunge dive.
WXTX
WXTX (channel 54) is a television station in Columbus, Georgia, United States, affiliated with the Fox network. It is owned by American Spirit Media, which maintains a shared services agreement (SSA) with Gray Media, owner of ABC affiliate WTVM (channel 9), for the provision of certain services. Gray also operates dual NBC/CW+ affiliate WLTZ (channel 38) under a separate SSA with owner SagamoreHill Broadcasting. WXTX and WTVM share studios (which also house master control and most internal operations for WLTZ) on Wynnton Road (GA 22) in the Dinglewood section of Columbus; WXTX's transmitter is located in the Vista Terrace section of South Columbus.

American Spirit Media
American Spirit Media, LLC is a broadcasting company based in Charlotte, North Carolina. Founded by Thomas B. Henson in 2003 as Ottumwa Media Holdings, it owns television stations in several cities in the Southeastern United States.