hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Regular temperament
A regular temperament is any tempered system of musical tuning such that each frequency ratio is obtainable as a product of powers of a finite number of generators, or generating frequency ratios. For instance, in 12-TET, the system of music most commonly used in the Western world, the generator is a tempered fifth (700 cents), which is the basis behind the circle of fifths.

When only two generators are needed, with one of them the octave, this is sometimes called a "linear temperament". The best-known example of linear temperaments are meantone temperaments, where the generating intervals are usually given in terms of a slightly flattened fifth and the octave. Other linear temperaments include the schismatic temperament of Hermann von Helmholtz and miracle temperament.

Quarter-comma meantone
Quarter-comma meantone, or ⁠1/4⁠-comma meantone, was the most common meantone temperament in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and was sometimes used later. In this system the perfect fifth is flattened by one quarter of a syntonic comma (81:80), with respect to its just intonation used in Pythagorean tuning (frequency ratio 3:2); the result is  or a fifth of 696.578 cents. (The 12th power of that value is 125, whereas 7 octaves is 128, and so falls 41.059 cents short.) This fifth is then iterated to generate the diatonic scale and other notes of the temperament. The purpose is to obtain justly intoned major thirds (with a frequency ratio equal to 5:4). It was described by Pietro Aron in his Toscanello de la Musica of 1523, by saying the major thirds should be tuned to be "sonorous and just, as united as possible". Later theorists Gioseffo Zarlino and Francisco de Salinas described the tuning with mathematical exactitude.
1376 Lithuanian raid on Poland
Lithuanian raid on Poland was an attack of Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Duchy of Belz on the Kingdom of Poland that took place in autumn 1376. It was led by Kęstutis, Liubartas and Jurgis Narimantaitis. During the attack, Lithuanian forces crossed the San river and marched along the Vistula river until they got near Tarnów. During the attack, they raided the passed area and took approximately 23 000 people into captivity . After the attack, they retreated to the Duchy of Belz.

Duchy of Belz
Duchy of Belz or Principality of Belz was a duchy, formed in the late 12th century in Kievan Rus. During its history, the duchy was a constituent part of some other political entities, such as the Kingdom of Rus, the Kingdom of Hungary, and the Duchy of Masovia. Eventually, in the late 14th century, it was incorporated into Poland, becoming later the Bełz Voivodeship.
Galeote Pereira
Galeote Pereira (sometimes also Galiote Pereira) was a 16th-century Portuguese soldier of fortune. He spent several years in China's Fujian and Guangxi province after being captured by the Chinese authorities in an anti-smuggling operation. The report he wrote after escaping China is one of the earliest known accounts by a westerner of life in Ming China; indeed, it is the first detailed observation of that civilisation by a lay (non-clerical) European visitor since that of Marco Polo.

Juan González de Mendoza
Juan González de Mendoza, O.S.A. (1545 – 14 February 1618) was a Spanish bishop, explorer, sinologist, and writer. He was the author of one of the earliest Western histories of China. Published by him in 1585, Historia de las cosas más notables, ritos y costumbres del gran reyno de la China (The History of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China and the Situation Thereof) is an account of observations of several Spanish travelers in China.  An English translation by Robert Parke appeared in 1588 and was reprinted by the Hakluyt Society in two volumes, edited by Sir George T. Staunton, Bart. (London, 1853–54).

González de Mendoza's Historia was mostly superseded in 1615 by the work of much more informed Jesuit missionaries who actually lived in China, Matteo Ricci and Nicolas Trigault, De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas.  Much of González de Mendoza's work was plagiarised from Escalante's Discurso de la navegacion
Sir Joseph Banks Group
The Sir Joseph Banks Group is an archipelago in the Australian state of South Australia located in Spencer Gulf about 20 kilometres (12 mi) off the eastern coast of the Eyre Peninsula. It consists of 21 islands of which eighteen  are in the Sir Joseph Banks Group Conservation Park while the surrounding waters are in the Sir Joseph Banks Group Marine Park. It is considered to be an important seabird breeding site.

Little penguin
The little penguin (Eudyptula minor) is the smallest species of penguin in the world, and originates from New Zealand and Australia. It is commonly known as the fairy penguin, little blue penguin, or blue penguin, owing to its slate-blue plumage and is also known by its Māori name kororā. It is a marine neritic species that dives for food throughout the day and returns to burrows on the shore at dusk. Eudyptula minor feathers are dense in melanosomes, which increase water resistance and give them their unique blue colour.

The Australian little penguin (Eudyptula novaehollandiae), from Australia and the Otago region of New Zealand, was initially described as Spheniscus novaehollandiae in 1826 and was later classified as Eudyptula minor novaehollandiae, a subspecies of the little penguin.
Jscrambler
Jscrambler is a technology company mainly known for its JavaScript obfuscator and eponymous monitoring framework. The obfuscator makes it harder to reverse engineer a web application's client-side code and tamper with its integrity. For real-time detection of web skimming, DOM tampering and user interface changes, the monitoring framework can be used. Jscrambler's products are used in a number of sectors including finance, broadcasting and online gaming.

Obfuscation (software)
In software development, obfuscation is the practice of creating source or machine code that is intentionally difficult for humans or computers to understand. Similar to obfuscation in natural language, code obfuscation may involve using unnecessarily roundabout ways to write statements. Programmers may obfuscate code to conceal its purpose, logic, or embedded values. The primary reasons for doing so are to prevent tampering, deter reverse engineering, or to create a puzzle or recreational challenge to deobfuscate the code, a challenge often included in crackmes. While obfuscation can be done manually, it is more commonly performed using obfuscators.
Lord Baltimore March
The Lord Baltimore March is an American patriotic song by Henry Fillmore, named for the Lord Baltimore, colonial proprietors of Province of Maryland.

Composed around the turn of the century, it was performed publicly in 1904.

The song was first released on phonograph record and phonograph cylinder by Columbia Records on Monday, November 26, 1906. In 1909, the United States military band recorded their performance of the march.

American patriotic music
American patriotic music is a part of the culture and history of the United States since its foundation in the 18th century. It has served to encourage feelings of honor both for the country's forefathers and for national unity. They include hymns, military themes, national songs, and musical numbers from stage and screen, as well as others adapted from many poems. Much of American patriotic music owes its origins to six main wars: the American Revolution, the American Indian Wars, the War of 1812, the Mexican–American War, the American Civil War, and the Spanish–American War. During the period prior to American independence, much of the country's patriotic music was aligned with the political ambitions of the British in the new land. And so, several songs are tied with the country's British origin.
2011 Argentine provincial elections
Most Provinces of Argentina held executive and legislative elections during 2011, electing governors and provincial legislatures. The only exceptions are Santiago del Estero Province, whose executive and legislative elections were elected in 2012; and Corrientes Province, whose gubernatorial election took place in 2013.

There were also simultaneous local elections, whereby a number of municipalities or Partidos elect municipal legislative officials (concejales), and in some cases also a mayor (or equivalent).

Although most of the elections took place on 23 October, the date of the Argentine general elections, each province stage the date of their elections according to provincial legislation.

Civic Coalition ARI
Civic Coalition ARI (Spanish: Coalición Cívica ARI, CC-ARI), until October 2009 known as Support for an Egalitarian Republic (Spanish: Afirmación para una República Igualitaria, ARI), is a centrist political party in Argentina founded in 2002 by Elisa Carrió.

It is a member of Cambiemos since 2015, along with centrist and centre-right parties.

Many consider it a social liberal and an innovative party. It offers a political option located in the centre, where the defense of republican institutions and democratic freedoms prevails. It groups together modern social democrats, who accept the "Fundamentals of the economy" and publicly condemn the dictatorship of Fidel Castro; together with democratic liberals, supporters of civil liberties that clearly separate them from conservatives, primarily defenders of the rule of law and pragmatists.
United States O-class submarine
The United States O-class submarines were a class of sixteen coastal patrol submarines laid down for the United States Navy (USN) just before, and just after, the United States entry into World War I. The USN used two different designs by two different builders, the O-1-class, built by the Electric Boat Company, of Groton, Connecticut, and the O-11-class, built by the Lake Torpedo Boat Company, of Bridgeport, Connecticut. The O-1-class served during WWI, and seven were recommissioned as training boats during World War II. The O-11-class were all decommissioned in June 1924, and most were scrapped in 1930.

Naval Submarine Base New London
Naval Submarine Base New London is the primary United States Navy East Coast submarine base, also known as the "Home of the Submarine Force." It is located in Groton, Connecticut, directly across the Thames River from its namesake city of New London.
62nd New York State Legislature
The 62nd New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 1 to May 7, 1839, during the first year of William H. Seward's governorship, in Albany.

Yates County, New York
Yates County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 24,774, making it the third-least populous county in New York. The county seat is Penn Yan. The name is in honor of Joseph C. Yates, who as Governor of New York signed the act establishing the county. The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.

Yates County is included in the Rochester, New York Metropolitan Area.
Jinkouhe, Leshan
Jinkouhe (Chinese: 金口河区; pinyin: Jīnkǒuhé Qū; Yi: ꏢꈈꉼꐎ, ji ko hop qu) is a district of the city of Leshan, Sichuan Province, China.

Sichuan Honghua Industrial Corporation (formerly the 814 Plant), a subsidiary of China National Nuclear Corporation, is located in Heping Yi Autonomous Town in the district, thus the district is one of the few areas in China that are still closed to foreigners.: 8

Leshan
Leshan, formerly known as Jiading and Jiazhou, is a prefecture-level city located at the confluence of the Dadu and Min rivers, on the southwestern fringe of the Sichuan Basin, about 120 km (75 mi) from Chengdu, Sichuan, China. By the end of 2024, the registered population of the city is 3.45 million. A historical and cultural city, Leshan is famous for world heritage sites Emei Mountain and Leshan Buddha, as well as for its rich food culture. It is also a regional center in the southern part of the Chengdu Economic Zone, serving as a transportation hub and port city in southwestern China.
2021–22 Furman Paladins men's basketball team
The 2021–22 Furman Paladins men's basketball team represented Furman University in the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Paladins, led by fifth-year head coach Bob Richey, played their home games at Timmons Arena and Bon Secours Wellness Arena in Greenville, South Carolina as members of the Southern Conference. They finished the regular season 20–11, 12–6 in SoCon play to finish second place. They defeated Mercer and Samford in the SoCon tournament to advance to the championship game. There they lost to Chattanooga in overtime.

Furman University
Furman University is a private university in Greenville, South Carolina, United States. Founded in 1826 and named after Baptist pastor Richard Furman, the liberal arts university is the oldest private institution of higher learning in South Carolina. It became a secular university in 1992, while keeping Christo et Doctrinae (For Christ and Learning) as its motto. As of Fall 2021, it enrolls approximately 2,300 undergraduate students and 150 graduate students on its 750-acre (304 ha) campus.
1944 Birthday Honours (Mentioned in Despatches)
The 1944 King's Birthday Honours, celebrating the official birthday of King George VI, were announced on 2 June 1944 for the United Kingdom and British Empire, New Zealand, and South Africa.

Being near the end of World War II, it included a great many military personnel who were Mentioned in dispatches.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their mention.

Birthday Honours
The Birthday Honours, in some Commonwealth realms, mark the reigning monarch's official birthday in each realm by granting various individuals appointment into national or dynastic orders or the award of decorations and medals. The honours are presented by the monarch or a viceregal representative. The Birthday Honours are one of two annual honours lists, along with the New Year Honours. All royal honours are published in the relevant gazette.
Thái Nguyên province
Thái Nguyên (Vietnamese pronunciation: [t̺ʰǎj ŋʷiə̄n]) is a province in the Northeast region of Vietnam. It is a mountainous, inland province. Its multi-ethnic society is composed of eight ethnic groups.

With its rich mineral resources and salubrious climate, the province offers significant opportunities for industrial development for both domestic and foreign investors. Thái Nguyên is also known as an educational centre and ranks 3rd nationwide, having 21 universities and colleges. The province is also the centre of tea industry in the country with an area of 16,000 ha. (second only to Lâm Đồng) with a production of 100,000 tonnes (98,000 long tons; 110,000 short tons) per year. Its dried tea production is 25,000 tonnes (25,000 long tons; 28,000 short tons) per year. The tea produced here is considered to have the finest quality throughout Vietnam.

Lâm Đồng province
Lâm Đồng is a province of Vietnam located in the south of the Central Highlands. It borders Khánh Hòa to the east, Đồng Nai and Hồ Chí Minh City to the southwest, the South China Sea to the southeast, Đắk Lắk to the north, and Cambodia to the northwest.

The three highest plateaus of the Central Highlands: Lâm Viên, Di Linh, and Bảo Lộc (formerly known as B'Lao), are located in Lâm Đồng province at an elevation of 1,500 meters above sea level. The provincial capital, Đà Lạt City, is situated 300 km northeast of Ho Chi Minh City, 658 km south of Đà Nẵng, and 1,414 km from the capital, Hanoi, via National Route 1. In 2010, Lâm Đồng became the first province in the Central Highlands to have two provincial-level cities: Đà Lạt and Bảo Lộc.

The economy is based largely on agriculture, with tea, coffee and vegetables being the main agricultural products. Lâm Đồng attracted 8,65 million tourists in 2023.
2015 MAC Championship Game
The 2015 MAC Championship Game was an NCAA Division I college football conference championship game for the Mid-American Conference. The game was played at Ford Field in Detroit on Friday, December 4, 2015, and featured Bowling Green (East Division winners) defeat Northern Illinois (West Division) 34–14.

2015 Western Michigan Broncos football team
The 2015 Western Michigan Broncos football team represented Western Michigan University (WMU) in the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. They were led by third-year head coach P. J. Fleck and played their home games at Waldo Stadium as a member of the West Division of the Mid-American Conference (MAC).
Merci Train
The French Gratitude Train (French: Train de la Reconnaissance française), commonly referred to as the Merci Train, were 49 World War I era "forty and eight" boxcars given to the United States by France in response to the 1947 U.S. Friendship Train. It arrived in Weehawken, New Jersey on February 2, 1949.

Diplomatic gift
A diplomatic gift is a gift given by a diplomat, politician or leader when visiting a foreign country. Usually the gift is reciprocated by the host. The use of diplomatic gifts dates back to the ancient world and givers have competed to outdo each other in the lavishness of their gifts. Examples include silks given to the West by the Byzantines in the early Middle Ages, the luxury book, and panda diplomacy by the Chinese in the twentieth century.
Martino Finotto
Martino Finotto (born 11 November 1933 in Camporosso, Liguria, died 13 August 2014) was an Italian racing driver, mainly known for his success in touring car and sports car racing.

In 1979, he was the European Touring Car Champion. He also finished 3rd in 1975, 5th in 1977 and 4th in 1978, abroad a self-run BMW 3.0 CSL, entered under the Jolly Club banner. As team owner, he won the inaugural World Group C Junior Championship in 1983, as well as the 1984 World C2 title, driving with long-time business partner and racing driver Carlo Facetti. Later, he would finish second in the 1990 IMSA Camel Lights championship in the United States.

Did not finish
In racing, did not finish (DNF) denotes a result of a participant who does not finish a given race, either because of a mechanical failure, injury, or involvement in an accident. This may also be used in cases where the competitor has hit the time limit for the race, especially in speedcubing.

The term is used in:

Automotive racing such as Formula One; NASCAR; IndyCar; off-road racing, including buggy, trucks, kart, and UTVs, both desert and short-track

Motocross and quad racing, both desert and short-track

Horse racing

Competitive cycling

Competitive track and distance running

Competitive snow skiing and snowboarding

Competitive swimming

Speedcubing

Race participants try to avoid receiving a DNF, as some associate it with poor driving.
Bunyip railway station
Bunyip railway station is a regional railway station on the Gippsland line, part of the Victorian railway network. It serves the town of Bunyip, in Victoria, Australia. Bunyip station is a ground level unstaffed station, featuring two side platforms. It opened on 8 October 1877, with the current station provided in 2024.

A substation and a short section of the overhead wiring, both of which are listed on the Victorian Heritage Register, have been retained to the west of the station.

Regional Rail Revival project
The Regional Rail Revival is a joint initiative between the Australian federal government and the Victorian state government to upgrade all regional railway lines in Victoria. The project has an estimated total cost of $4 billion, including $2.3 billion funded by the Commonwealth. It was delivered by Rail Projects Victoria (RPV) until April 2024, and then by the Level Crossing Removal Project. The project is guided by the 2016 Regional Network Development Plan, which outlines the short, medium and long-term priorities for a modernised regional rail network.
Culture of Odisha
Odisha (formerly Orissa) is one of the 28 states of India, located on the eastern coast. It is surrounded by the states of West Bengal to the northeast, Jharkhand to the north, Chhattisgarh to the west and northwest, and Andhra Pradesh to the south and southwest. Odia (formerly known as Oriya) is the official and most widely spoken language, spoken by 33.2 million according to the 2001 Census.
The modern state of Odisha, on the basis of Odia language, was established on 1 April 1936, as a province in British India, made up of Odia-speaking regions. April 1 is celebrated as Odisha Day.

Sita Bibaha
Seeta Bibaha (1936)  was the first Oriya film directed by Mohan Sundar Deb Goswami; it presented the marriage of Lord Rama to Sita, based on the epic story Ramayana. The film starred Makhanlal Bannerjee, Mohan Sundar Deb Goswami, Krishnachandra Singh, and Prabhavati. It premiered 28 April 1936 at the Laxmi Talkies of Puri. Sita Bibaha was the first complete Oriya film and an important part of the struggle for a manifestation of Oriya cultural identity in celluloid form. The film was a commercial success. The two-hour movie was subsequently released at Cinema Palace in Cuttack. It also drew numerous crowds at several touring assignments such as the "Radhakishen Chamelia Touring Cinema". The second Oriya film was produced in 1949.
Old-Reformed Congregations (unconnected)
The Old-Reformed Congregations (unconnected) was founded by Rev. Van der Meer, who separated from the Old-Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands in 2007. In October 2007 Rev. Van der Meer and some members in the congregation in Sint Philipsland separated from the Old-Reformed Congregations, and later the denomination suspended him and cancelled his membership.

After the termination of his membership he founded the new denomination. Later in 2008 the Bolnes Old-Reformed Church and later the congregation in Ridderkerk joined the new denomination. The latter two congregations have been disestablished which means Sint Philipsland is the only congregation in the denomination. It has formed official links with the Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands (unconnected). Van der Meer preaches not only in the congregations in St. Philip country and Bolnes but also in Dinteloord and Veenendaal.

Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands (unconnected)
The Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands (unconnected) was founded in 1980, by a dissenting group from the Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands. Unconnected means outside the structure of the Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands. Seven congregations and 3,000 members belong to this church. It adheres to the Apostles Creed, Nicene Creed, Athanasian Creed, Heidelberg Catechism, Canons of Dort.
Southcrest, San Diego
Southcrest is an urban community in the southeastern section of San Diego, California. It is bordered by Mountain View to the north and east, Interstate 5 and the neighborhoods of Barrio Logan and Logan Heights to the west, and Shelltown to the south. Major thoroughfares include National Avenue and 40th Street.

Logan Heights, San Diego
Logan Heights is an urban neighborhood in central San Diego, California.  It is bordered by Interstate 5 on the south and west, Interstate 15 on the east, and Imperial Avenue on the north. It is part of the Southeastern Planning Area.
Niemica, Sławno County
Niemica [ɲɛˈmit͡sa] (German: Nemitz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Malechowo, within Sławno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south-west of Malechowo, 17 km (11 mi) south-west of Sławno, and 157 km (98 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 360.

Malechowo, Sławno County
Malechowo [malɛˈxɔvɔ] (German: Malchow) is a village in Sławno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Malechowo. It lies approximately 13 km (8 mi) south-west of Sławno and 161 km (100 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 589.