hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Barrytown (franchise)
Barrytown is an Irish comedy-drama media franchise centred on the Rabbittes, a working-class family from the fictional suburb of Barrytown, in Dublin. It began in 1988 when Beacon Pictures and 20th Century Fox bought the rights to the 1987 novel The Commitments by Roddy Doyle shortly after it was published. The book was successful, as was Alan Parker's 1991 film adaptation, which achieved cult status and is regarded as one of the best Irish films ever made.

A sequel novel, The Snapper, was published in 1990, followed by a film adaptation in 1993. A third novel, The Van, was published and shortlisted for the 1991 Booker Prize, followed by a film adaptation in 1996. Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha, a spin-off published in 1993 by Secker and Warburg, won the Booker Prize for that year, with an epilogue novel, The Guts, published in 2013. A musical and stage play based on the first two installments of the series have also been produced, ongoing from 2013 and 2018.

Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha
Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha is a novel by Irish writer Roddy Doyle, first published in 1993 by Secker and Warburg. It won the Booker Prize that year. The story is about a ten-year-old boy living in Barrytown, North Dublin, and the events that happen within his age group, school and home in around 1968.
Byeongsan Seowon
The Byeongsan Seowon (Korean: 병산서원) is a seowon located in Byeongsa-ri village of the Pungcheon-myeon township in the city of Andong, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. Seowon is a type of local academy during the Joseon Dynasty (1392–1897). It was first established as Jondeoksa (尊德祠) by local Confucian scholars especially Jeong Gyeong-se (鄭經世) in 1613, the fifth year of King Gwanghaegung's reign, to commemorate the scholarly achievement and virtue of the notable Confucian scholar and politician Yu Sŏngnyong. The predecessor of the seowon was Pungak Seodang (豊岳書堂) which was a school located in Pungsan to teach the Pungsan Yu clan during the Goryeo period. Yu Sŏngnyong moved the seodang to the current place in 1572.

Pungsan-eup
Pungsan-eup is a town in Andong in the southeast section of South Korea. Situated along the Nakdong River just west of central Andong, it lies on a popular tourist route connecting the city center with the Hahoe Maeul folk village in Pungcheon-myeon. Local landmarks include the Yucheon Museum of Hanji Art.

The area is well known as a hub of traditional Korean Confucianism, and is home to the former yangban lineages Pungsan Ryu, Pungsan Hong and Pungsan Kim.
Antibiotic-Antimycotic
Antibiotic-Antimycotic is a solution that is commonly added to cell culture media to prevent contamination by various bacteria and fungi. It generally contains 10,000 units per milliliter penicillin, 10,000 micrograms per milliliter streptomycin, and 25 micrograms per milliliter amphotericin B.

Penicillin is a Beta-lactam antibiotic that is effective in inhibiting Gram-positive bacteria.  Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic which is effective against most Gram-negative bacteria.  Amphotericin B is effective against multi-cellular fungi and yeasts.

Growth medium
A growth medium or culture medium is a solid, liquid, or semi-solid designed to support the growth of a population of microorganisms or cells via the process of cell proliferation or small plants like the moss Physcomitrella patens. Different types of media are used for growing different types of cells.

The two major types of growth media are those used for cell culture, which use specific cell types derived from plants or animals, and those used for microbiological culture, which are used for growing microorganisms such as bacteria or fungi. The most common growth media for microorganisms are nutrient broths and agar plates; specialized media are sometimes required for microorganism and cell culture growth. Some organisms, termed fastidious organisms, require specialized environments due to complex nutritional requirements. Viruses, for example, are obligate intracellular parasites and require a growth medium containing living cells.
Leges regiae
The leges regiae ('royal laws') were early Roman laws which classical historians such as Plutarch thought had been introduced by the semilegendary kings of Rome.

Though sometimes questioned, scholars of the modern era generally have accepted that the laws or the ultimate sources for them originated early in Roman history, even as early as the period of the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC). In the 20th century, previously unrecognized fragments quoted by ancient writers were identified as leges regiae and attributed or reattributed to the various kings.

The king during Rome's Regal period was a political, military, religious, and judicial chief of the community, though his actual duties might be delegated and entrusted to his auxiliaries.

Gens
In ancient Rome, a gens (/ɡɛns/ or /dʒɛnz/, Latin: [gẽːs]; pl.: gentes [ˈgɛnteːs]) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen gentilicium and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen, was called a stirps (pl.: stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged. Certain gentes were classified as patrician, others as plebeian; some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of the gens as a social structure declined considerably in imperial times, although the gentilicium continued to define the origins and dynasties of the ancient Romans, including the emperors.
Battlecars (video game)
Battlecars is a vehicular combat game released for the ZX Spectrum in 1984. It is based on Games Workshop's miniature wargame, Battlecars. The game is set in 2084 in a future where road accidents have been eliminated by technology, and the world is relatively bloodless; however, people now entertain themselves by drivers using 20th century automobiles in violent, gladiatorial contests.

Vehicular combat game
A vehicular combat game (or car combat game) is a vehicle simulation video game where the primary gameplay objectives include vehicles armed with weapons attempting to destroy vehicles controlled by the CPU or by opposing players. The genre normally features a variety of different vehicles available for play, each with its own strengths, weaknesses, and special attack abilities. Players may also unlock hidden vehicles by completing certain in-game tasks. Games may include racing themes, but they are generally secondary to the action.
Çärjew
Çärjew, formerly known as Guşçular or Ptitsesovkhoz (in Russian: "Птицесовхоз"), is a town and capital of Çärjew District, Lebap Province, Turkmenistan. The town is located nearly 5 km west of Türkmenabat. In 2022, it had a population of 1,825 people.

Türkmenabat
Türkmenabat (Turkmen pronunciation: [tʏɾkˌmønɑˈbɑːt]) is the second-largest city in Turkmenistan and the administrative centre of Lebap Province. As of 2022, it had a population of approximately 231,000 people (up from 161,000 in the 1989 census). From 1924 to 1927, it was given the name Leninsk in honour of Vladimir Lenin.
Armantas Vitkauskas
Armantas Vitkauskas (born 23 March 1989) is a Lithuanian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper.

Vitkauskas made his debut for Lithuania in a friendly match against Estonia. The match ended in a 1–1 draw.

Lithuanian Supercup
The Lithuanian Supercup (Lithuanian: Lietuvos futbolo supertaurė) or LFF Supercup is an annual football match contested between the champions of the previous A Lyga season and the holders of the Lithuanian Football Cup. It is organised by and named after Lithuanian Football Federation and played at the beginning of the season. For sponsorship reasons, it is currently also known as the LFF TOPsport Supercup.

Until 2016, if the Lithuanian championship and the Cup was won by the same team, the match was not held and the Supercup was awarded automatically to the winning team. Since 2016 the format was changed and double winners then play the league runners-up.

The trophy has been contested since 1995 with four interruptions.

The current holders are Žalgiris Vilnius who defeated Banga in the 2025 Lithuanian Supercup.
Derek Shackleton
Derek Shackleton (12 August 1924 – 28 September 2007) was a Hampshire and England bowler. He took over 100 wickets in 20 consecutive seasons of first-class cricket, but only played in seven Tests for England. He has the seventh-highest tally of first-class wickets, and the most first-class wickets of any player who began his career after World War II.  He holds the record for the most first-class wickets taken by any Hampshire player.

After his cricket playing career ended, Shackleton became a coach and umpire for several seasons.

The cricket writer, Colin Bateman, noted of Shackleton, "his bowling, like his hair, always seemed immaculate".

Glossary of cricket terms
This is a general glossary of the terminology used in the sport of cricket. Where words in a sentence are also defined elsewhere in this article, they appear in italics. Certain aspects of cricket terminology are explained in more detail in cricket statistics and the naming of fielding positions is explained at fielding (cricket).

Cricket is known for its rich terminology. Some terms are often thought to be arcane and humorous by those not familiar with the game.
Andrés Chocho
Cristian Andrés Chocho León (born 4 November 1983) is an Ecuadorian race walker who competes in both the 20 km and 50 km walk events. He is the South American record holder in the 50 km (3:49:32 hours) and 20,000 metres (1:20:23.8 hours) walking events.

Chocho was the 2011 South American Champion over 20 km and was the bronze medallist at the 2011 Summer Universiade. His best global level finish is eleventh over 50 km at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics. He represented Ecuador at four Summer Olympics, won a gold medal in 50 km Walk in the 2015 Toronto Pan Am Games, and is a seven-time participant of the IAAF World Race Walking Cup.

South American Race Walking Championships
The South American Race Walking Championships (Spanish: Campeonatos Sudamericanos de Marcha Atlética) is a biennial racewalking competition organized by Atletismo Sudamericano for athletes representing the countries of its member associations.  Races for senior men and women, for junior and for youth athletes are featured. In addition, there are separate team competitions. The event was established  (most probably) in 1989 as South American Race Walking Cup (Spanish: Copa Sudamericana de Marcha Atlética), and was occurring annually at first.  The 2001 event was held in conjunction with the Pan American Race Walking Cup.  The name as well as the frequency of the competition were changed in 2004.
Peter Seitz Adams
Peter Seitz Adams (born August 27, 1950) is an American artist. His body of work focuses on landscapes and seascapes created en plein air in oil or pastel as well as enigmatic figure and still-life paintings. He is noted for his colorful, high-key palette and broad brushwork. Adams has held numerous solo and group exhibitions in galleries and museums, including throughout California, the Western United States, and on the East Coast in Philadelphia, Vermont, and New York. Adams is the longest serving President of the California Art Club (f. 1909)  and has served on its board of directors in Pasadena, California from 1993 to 2018. He is also a writer on subjects relating to historic artists for the California Art Club Newsletter, as well as for a number of the organization's exhibition catalogs.

Pasadena Museum of California Art
The Pasadena Museum of California Art (PMCA) was an art museum located in Pasadena, California, United States, showcasing art and design originating from California.  The museum was founded by long-time Pasadena residents and art collectors Robert and Arlene Oltman. Ground was broken in 2000 and the museum officially opened in June 2002.

The museum did not house a permanent collection, but instead featured changing exhibits. Notable exhibitions included Maynard Dixon: Masterpieces from the Brigham Young University and Private Collections, the largest exhibition of Dixon's art to date; Wayne Thiebaud: 70 Years of Painting, a retrospective survey; Data + Art: Science and Art in the Age of Information, organized in conjunction with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, E. Charlton Fortune: The Colorful Spirit, and a mid-career retrospective of painter Mark Ryden.  The museum hosted the California Design Biennial.

The museum closed in October 2018.
Warriors: Omen of the Stars
Warriors: Omen of the Stars is the fourth arc in the Warriors juvenile fantasy novel series about feral cats who live in Clans. It is made up of six novels published by HarperCollins from 2009 to 2012: The Fourth Apprentice, Fading Echoes, Night Whispers, Sign of the Moon, The Forgotten Warrior, and The Last Hope. The novels were written by Erin Hunter, a pseudonym that refers to authors Kate Cary, Cherith Baldry, and Tui Sutherland, as well as plot developer and editor Victoria Holmes. Omen of the Stars details the experiences of Jayfeather, Lionblaze, and Dovewing, who, as part of a prophecy, have special powers. The arc's themes deal with forbidden love and the effect that being different can have on relationships. Though the Warriors series has appeared on the New York Times Best Seller list, none of the novels in Warriors: Omen of the Stars have won a significant literary award.

Cherith Baldry
Cherith Baldry (born 21 January 1947) is a British children's fiction and fantasy fiction writer. She also publishes under the pseudonyms Adam Blade, Jenny Dale, Jack Dillon, and Erin Hunter. She has also written several one-act plays.
Aspergillus violaceofuscus
Aspergillus violaceofuscus is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It belongs to the group of black Aspergilli which are important industrial workhorses. A. violaceofuscus belongs to the Nigri section. The species was first described in 1887. It has been found both in marine environments in Bahamas and in soil in Puerto Rico. The genome of A. violaceofuscus was sequenced and published in 2014 as part of the Aspergillus whole-genome sequencing project – a project dedicated to performing whole-genome sequencing of all members of the genus Aspergillus. The genome assembly size was 36.01 Mbp.

Aspergillus
Aspergillus (/ˌæspərˈdʒɪləs/) is a genus consisting of several hundred mold species found in various climates worldwide.

Aspergillus was first catalogued in 1729 by the Italian priest and biologist Pier Antonio Micheli. Viewing the fungi under a microscope, Micheli was reminded of the shape of an aspergillum (holy water sprinkler), from Latin spargere (to sprinkle), and named the genus accordingly. Aspergillum is an asexual spore-forming structure common to all Aspergillus species; around one-third of species are also known to have a sexual stage. While some species of Aspergillus are known to cause fungal infections, others are of commercial importance.
Viktor Elm
Viktor Sebastian Elm (born 13 November 1985) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a centre-back and midfielder. He is best remembered for his time with Kalmar FF with which he won the 2007 Svenska Cupen and 2008 Allsvenskan. He also represented Heerenveen and AZ in the Netherlands. A full international between 2008 and 2011, he won 10 caps for the Sweden national team.

He is the older brother of Rasmus Elm and the younger brother of David Elm, both of them also former footballers.

2008–09 KNVB Cup
The 2008–09 KNVB Cup was the 91st edition of the Dutch national football annual knockout tournament for the KNVB Cup. 88 teams contested starting on 30 August 2008 and ending on 17 May 2009.

Feyenoord unsuccessfully defended its 2008 title losing in the fourth round stage in January 2009 to Heerenveen, 0–3, in Rotterdam. Heerenveen would successfully pursue its 2009 title on 17 May 2009 defeated Twente, 2–2 (aet), in De Kuip stadium, Rotterdam. 45,000 attended.

This Cup marked the third time in its history the absence of the Big Three teams from the quarter-finals onward of the tournament last occurring 27 years.
South Korea–Ukraine relations
South Korea–Ukraine relations are foreign relations between South Korea and Ukraine. Diplomatic Relations were established on February 10, 1992. South Korea has an embassy in Kyiv. Ukraine has an embassy in Seoul.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (South Korea)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA; Korean: 외교부) is a government agency of South Korea. It is in charge of the country's foreign relations, as well as handling matters related to overseas Korean nationals. It was established on 17 July 1948.

Its main office is located in the MOFA Building in Jongno District, Seoul. The ministry previously had its headquarters in a facility in Doryeom-dong in Jongno District.
Opatkowice Pojałowskie
Opatkowice Pojałowskie [ɔpatkɔˈvit͡sɛ pɔjaˈwɔfskʲɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Imielno, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south-west of Imielno, 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Jędrzejów, and 41 km (25 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Imielno, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Imielno [iˈmjɛlnɔ] is a village in Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Imielno. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) south-east of Jędrzejów and 36 km (22 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

Until 1954, Imielno was the seat of the Mierzwin commune. In 1975–1998, the town administratively belonged to the Kielce Voivodeship.

The village is the seat of the Imielno commune. There is a football club in the village, GKS Imielno, founded in 2016.
Criticism of Hamas
Aside from its use of political violence in pursuit of its goals, the Palestinian political and military organization Hamas has been widely criticised for a variety of reasons, including its use of hate speech by its representatives, use of human shields and child combatants as part of its military operations, restriction of political freedoms within the Gaza Strip, and human rights abuses.

Al-Aqsa TV
Al-Aqsa TV (Arabic: قناة الأقصى) is a television channel run by Hamas, which is based in the Gaza Strip. Its programs include news and propaganda promoting Hamas, children's shows, and religiously inspired entertainment. It is currently directed by Fathi Hamad, who is a member of the Palestinian Legislative Council and Interior Minister of the Gaza Strip. The channel is named after Al-Aqsa in Jerusalem.
Fujiwara no Matate
Fujiwara no Matate (藤原 真楯; 715 – April 25, 766) was a Japanese court noble and statesman of the Nara period. He was the third son of the founder of the Hokke House of the Fujiwara clan, the sangi Fujiwara no Fusasaki. He achieved the court rank of Senior Third Rank and the position of dainagon, and posthumously of daijō-daijin. His original name was Yatsuka (八束).

Fujiwara Hok-ke
The Fujiwara Hok-ke (藤原北家; lit. Fujiwara northern house) was a cadet branch of the Fujiwara clan of Japan.

The other three were the Fujiwara Nan-ke, Fujiwara Kyō-ke and Fujiwara Shiki-ke. The Hok-ke branch issued the de facto rulers of Japan through their hereditary position as imperial regents (Sesshō and Kampaku). In the Kamakura period, it further split into the Five regent houses, who continued to monopolize the regency from the 12th century until 1868. After the Meiji Restoration, these houses were appointed Prince in the new hereditary peerage.
2000 New England Revolution season
The 2000 New England Revolution season was the fifth season for the New England Revolution both as a club and in Major League Soccer (MLS). The club was eliminated in the second round of the 2000 U.S. Open Cup after losing 1–0 to the Mid-Michigan Bucks. They qualified for the quarterfinals of the MLS Cup Playoffs, where they were eliminated by the Chicago Fire in a three-game series.

2000 U.S. Open Cup
The 2000 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup ran from June through October, 2000, open to all soccer teams in the United States.

The Chicago Fire earned their second Open Cup by defeating the Miami Fusion 2–1 in the final at Soldier Field, Chicago.

Amateur club Uruguay SC narrowly missed a major second-round upset, losing in overtime to the Tampa Bay Mutiny. Two PDL teams - the Mid Michigan Bucks and the Chicago Sockers - beat MLS teams in the second round, but the quarterfinals were an all-MLS affair. Mid Michigan came closest to duplicating its second-round upset, losing in a shootout to eventual runner-up Miami.
Two referees were used for all games from the second round through the semifinals as part of a FIFA experiment.
5 (Berryz Kobo album)
5 (FIVE) is the fifth album by the Japanese girl group Berryz Kobo, released on September 10, 2008 in Japan and September 17, 2008 in South Korea. It was released both as a normal edition, with only the CD, and a limited edition, with a DVD included.

This album features three of their previous singles: "Tsukiatteru no ni Kataomoi" (15th), "Dschinghis Khan" (16th), and "Yuke Yuke Monkey Dance" (17th). It reached a peak of #11 on the Oricon weekly chart.

Miyabi Natsuyaki
Miyabi Natsuyaki (夏焼 雅, Natsuyaki Miyabi; born August 25, 1992, Chiba Prefecture) is a Japanese singer. Her career began in 2002 when she passed the audition for Hello! Project Kids, an all-female child pop group under Hello! Project. She continued to sing in that group and became a part of four smaller groups composed of Hello! Project Kids members—Aa!, Sexy Otonajan, Buono! and Berryz Kobo. She was the sub-captain of Berryz Kobo until their indefinite hiatus in 2015. She became a member of female pop band PINK CRES. (Pink Crescendo).
Donnell O'Donnell
Sir Donal Dubh O'Donnell (Irish: Sir Domhnall Ó Domhnaill; died 14 September 1590) was a member of the O'Donnell dynasty of Tyrconnell in modern-day County Donegal. He was the eldest son of Sir Hugh McManus O'Donnell, the Lord of Tyrconnell for much of the reign of Elizabeth I.

William FitzWilliam (Lord Deputy)
Sir William FitzWilliam (1526 – 22 June 1599) was an English statesman who served as Lord Justice of Ireland and afterwards Lord Deputy of Ireland. In 1587, as Governor of Fotheringhay Castle, he supervised the execution of the death sentence on Mary, Queen of Scots. He was the member of parliament for Peterborough and represented County Carlow in the Irish House of Commons. He lived at Gainspark, Essex, and Milton Hall. He has been noted for his corruption during his final term as Lord Deputy, which enabled the Irish confederacy during the early years of the Nine Years' War.
Pierre Bernac
Pierre Louis Bernac (né Bertin; 12 January 1899 – 17 October 1979) was a French singer, a baryton-martin, known as an interpreter of the French mélodie. He had a close artistic association with Francis Poulenc, with whom he performed in France and abroad. Poulenc wrote 90 songs for him during their 25-year musical partnership.

Bernac was well known as a teacher; among the singers who studied with him were Elly Ameling, Grace Bumbry, Mattiwilda Dobbs, Carol Neblett, Jessye Norman and Gérard Souzay. He gave masterclasses in France, Britain and the US.

In retirement, Bernac wrote two highly regarded books about the interpretation of mélodies in general and Poulenc's in particular.

André Caplet
André Léon Caplet (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃dʁe leɔ̃ kaplɛ]; 23 November 1878 – 22 April 1925) was a French composer and conductor of classical music. He was a friend of Claude Debussy who orchestrated several of his compositions, as well as arrangements of several of them for different instruments.