hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2021 Balkan Athletics Championships
The 2021 Balkan Athletics Championships was the 74th edition of the annual track and field competition for athletes from the Balkans, organised by Balkan Athletics. It was held on 26 and 27 June at the Smederevo Fortress in Smederevo, Serbia.

Marija Vuković won the women's high jump with 1.97 metres – a Montenegro national record.

Balkan Athletics Championships
The Balkan Athletics Championships or Balkan Games (Greek: Βαλκανικοί Αγώνες) is a regional athletics competition held between nations from the Balkans as well as other associated states, and organized by the Association of the Balkan Athletics Federations. The first games were held in Athens in 1929, and the most recent were being held in İzmir in 2024.
Zolotaryovskoe Gorodishche
Zolotaryovskoe Gorodishche (Russian: Золотарёвское городище)  is an archeological site in Penza Oblast, Russia about 1.5km no the West of the settlement of Zolotaryovka. It is conjectured that it was a border fort of Volga Bulgaria. A large number of the remnants of warriors was found in the vicinity, suggesting it was a location of major battle at around 1237 with Mongol invaders. It is a registered object of cultural heritage of Russia.

Journalist N. Kryukov that the place was called Sernya by local Moksha people.

Volga Bulgaria
Volga Bulgaria or Volga–Kama Bulgaria (sometimes referred to as the Volga Bulgar Emirate) was a historical Bulgar state that existed between the 9th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama River, in what is now European Russia. Volga Bulgaria was a multi-ethnic state with large numbers of Bulgars, Finno-Ugrians, Varangians, and East Slavs. Its strategic position allowed it to create a local trade monopoly with Norse, Cumans, and Pannonian Avars.
Pulmonary-to-systemic shunt
A pulmonary-to-systemic shunt is a cardiac shunt which allows, or is designed to cause, blood to flow from the pulmonary circulation to the systemic circulation. This occurs when:

there is a passage between two or more of the great vessels; and,

pulmonic pressure is higher than systemic pressure and/or the shunt has a one-way valvular opening.

A pulmonary-to-systemic shunt functions as follows:

right-to-left in the absence of arterioventricular discordance.

left-to-right if the great vessels are transposed.

Pulmonary circulation
The pulmonary circulation is a division of the circulatory system in all vertebrates. The circuit begins with deoxygenated blood returned from the body to the right atrium of the heart where it is pumped out from the right ventricle to the lungs. In the lungs the blood is oxygenated and returned to the left atrium to complete the circuit.

The other division of the circulatory system is the systemic circulation that begins upon the oxygenated blood reaching the left atrium from the pulmonary circulation. From the atrium the oxygenated blood enters the left ventricle where it is pumped out to the rest of the body, then returning as deoxygenated blood back to the pulmonary circulation.

A separate circulatory circuit known as the bronchial circulation supplies oxygenated blood to the tissues of the lung that do not directly participate in gas exchange.
Alfonsów, Poddębice County
Alfonsów [alˈfɔnsuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zadzim, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north-west of Zadzim, 15 km (9 mi) south-west of Poddębice, and 46 km (29 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Zadzim
Zadzim [ˈzad͡ʑim] is a village in Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Zadzim. It lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) south-west of Poddębice and 43 km (27 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.
Horde (software)
Horde is a free web-based groupware. The components of this groupware rest on the Horde framework, a PHP-based framework provides all the elements required for rapid web application development. Horde offers applications such as the Horde IMP email client, a groupware package (calendar, notes, tasks, file manager), a wiki and a time and task tracking software.

Web framework
A web framework (WF) or web application framework (WAF) is a software framework that is designed to support the development of web applications including web services, web resources, and web APIs. Web frameworks provide a standard way to build and deploy web applications on the World Wide Web. Web frameworks aim to automate the overhead associated with common activities performed in web development. For example, many web frameworks provide libraries for database access, templating frameworks, and session management, and they often promote code reuse. Although they often target development of dynamic web sites, they are also applicable to static websites.
Never Hear the End of It
Never Hear the End of It is the eighth album by Canadian rock band Sloan, released on September 19, 2006 in Canada and in the US on January 9, 2007. The record's first single was "Who Taught You to Live Like That?", while "Ill Placed Trust" was launched as a second single in November. The album debuted at #29 on the Canadian Albums Chart and peaked at #48 on the Billboard Heatseekers chart, making it the band's first album to chart in the U.S.

The CD release of the album included all 30 songs contained on a single disc, while vinyl pressings were issued as a double LP. At 76 minutes and 26 seconds, it boasts the longest running time of Sloan's studio albums—exceeded only by the 4 Nights at the Palais Royale live double album.

A video for the track "I've Gotta Try" was also released and charted on Canada's MuchMoreMusic.

The song "Flying High Again" was used in a 2007 episode of America's Funniest Home Videos in a montage of hang gliding accidents.

4 Nights at the Palais Royale
4 Nights at the Palais Royale is a live album released by the Canadian rock band Sloan in 1999.  It was mostly recorded from four live shows performed at the Palais Royale in Toronto, Ontario in 1998, although some of the songs were taken from other concerts on their 1998 Navy Blues tour.  The band and fans alike consider it a fairly accurate representation of a typical Sloan concert, with a mix of old and new songs and plenty of audience participation.
Line element
In geometry, the line element or length element can be informally thought of as a line segment associated with an infinitesimal displacement vector in a metric space. The length of the line element, which may be thought of as a differential arc length, is a function of the metric tensor and is denoted by .

Line elements are used in physics, especially in theories of gravitation (most notably general relativity) where spacetime is modelled as a curved pseudo-Riemannian manifold with an appropriate metric tensor.

Coordinate system
In geometry, a coordinate system is a system that uses one or more numbers, or coordinates, to uniquely determine and standardize the position of the points or other geometric elements on a manifold such as Euclidean space. The coordinates are not interchangeable; they are commonly distinguished by their position in an ordered tuple, or by a label, such as in "the x-coordinate". The coordinates are taken to be real numbers in elementary mathematics, but may be complex numbers or elements of a more abstract system such as a commutative ring. The use of a coordinate system allows problems in geometry to be translated into problems about numbers and vice versa; this is the basis of analytic geometry.
Computation of cyclic redundancy checks
Computation of a cyclic redundancy check is derived from the mathematics of polynomial division, modulo two. In practice, it resembles long division of the binary message string, with a fixed number of zeroes appended, by the "generator polynomial" string except that exclusive or operations replace subtractions.  Division of this type is efficiently realised in hardware by a modified shift register, and in software by a series of equivalent algorithms, starting with simple code close to the mathematics and becoming faster (and arguably more obfuscated) through byte-wise parallelism and space–time tradeoffs.

Various CRC standards extend the polynomial division algorithm by specifying an initial shift register value, a final Exclusive-Or step and, most critically, a bit ordering (endianness).  As a result, the code seen in practice deviates confusingly from "pure" division, and the register may shift left or right.

CRC-based framing
CRC-based framing is a kind of frame synchronization used in Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and other similar protocols.

The concept of CRC-based framing was developed by StrataCom, Inc. in order to improve the efficiency of a pre-standard Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) link protocol. This technology was ultimately used in the principal link protocols of ATM itself and was one of the most significant developments of StrataCom. An advanced version of CRC-based framing was used in the ITU-T SG15 G.7041 Generic Framing Procedure (GFP), which itself is used in several packet link protocols.
Outline of library and information science
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to library and information science:

Library and information science (LIS) is the scientific study of issues related to libraries and the information fields. This includes academic studies regarding how library resources are used and how people interact with library systems. The organization of knowledge for efficient retrieval of relevant information is also a major research goal of library science.  Being interdisciplinary, it overlaps with computer science, various social sciences, statistics, and systems analysis.

Information architecture
Information architecture is the structural design of shared information environments, in particular the organisation of websites and software to support usability and findability.

The term information architecture was coined by Richard Saul Wurman. Since its inception, information architecture has become an emerging community of practice focused on applying principles of design, architecture and information science in digital spaces.

Typically, a model or concept of information is used and applied to activities which require explicit details of complex information systems. These activities include library systems and database development.
4 de Julho Esporte Clube
4 de Julho Esporte Clube, commonly known as 4 de Julho, is a Brazilian football club based in Piripiri, Piauí state. They competed in the Série B once and in the Série C twice.

4 de Julho is the second-best ranked team from Piauí in CBF's national club ranking, behind Altos.

Associação Atlética de Altos
Associação Atlética de Altos, commonly referred to as Altos, is a Brazilian professional club based in Altos, Piauí founded on 19 July 2013. It competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, the fourth tier of Brazilian football, as well as in the Campeonato Piauiense, the top flight of the Piauí state football league.

Altos is the top ranked team from Piauí in CBF's national club ranking, at 66th overall.
Travis County Commissioners Court
The Travis County Commissioners Court is the governing body and commissioner's court for Travis County, Texas. It is presided over by the county judge, currently Democrat Andy Brown. All 4 commissioners are currently affiliated with the Democratic Party.

Travis County, Texas
Travis County is located in Central Texas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,290,188. It is the fifth-most populous county in Texas. Its county seat and most populous city is Austin, the state's capital. The county was established in 1840 and is named in honor of William Barret Travis, the commander of the Republic of Texas forces at the Battle of the Alamo. Travis County is part of the Austin–Round Rock–Georgetown metropolitan area. It is located along the Balcones Fault, the boundary between the Edwards Plateau to the west and the Blackland Prairie to the east.
Estadio José Antonio Anzoátegui
The Estadio Olímpico General José Antonio Anzoátegui before called Estadio Luis Ramos, is a stadium located in the Venezuelan city of Puerto la Cruz, in the state of Anzoátegui. It was opened on December 8, 1965, by the former president of Venezuela, Raúl Leoni.

2007 Copa América
The 2007 Campeonato Sudamericano Copa América, known simply as the 2007 Copa América or 2007 Copa América Venezuela, was the 42nd edition of the Copa América, the South-American championship for international association football teams. The competition was organized by CONMEBOL, South America's football governing body, and was held between 26 June and 15 July in Venezuela, which hosted the tournament for the first time.

The competition was won by Brazil (they were also the defending champions), who beat Argentina 3–0 in the final.
Mexico took third place by beating Uruguay 3–1 in the third-place match. Brazil thus won the right to represent CONMEBOL at the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup.
Kameiros (municipality)
Kameiros (Greek: Δήμος Καμείρου) is a former municipality on the island of Rhodes, in the Dodecanese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it has been part of the municipality of Rhodes, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit lies on the northwest coast of Rhodes, stretching inland into the north-central part of the island.

The seat of the municipality was in Soroni. Other large towns are Apóllona, Fanes, Salakos, and Kalavarda. It did not include the small port of Kameiros Skala, which was in Attavyros municipality (now municipal unit).  The municipal population was 4,401 at the 2021 census, and the land area is 211.825 km².

The municipality was named after the ancient city of Kameiros, which lies just west of Kalavarda.

Kalavarda
Kalavarda (Greek: Καλαβάρδα) is a small town in the island of Rhodes, Greece with a population of 514 (2021). It is about 28 kilometers from the island's capital, Rhodes, and about 52 kilometers from the city Lindos.
Matthew Boyd (Australian footballer)
Matthew Keith Boyd (born 27 August 1982) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Western Bulldogs in the Australian Football League (AFL).
Before joining the Bulldogs, Boyd had played for Dandenong Stingrays in the TAC Cup and Frankston in the VFL. Boyd is the grand nephew of Australian football vendor icon Johnny Boyd, known as the Peanut Man.

2016 AFL Grand Final
The 2016 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between Sydney and the Western Bulldogs at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 1 October 2016. It was the 121st annual Grand Final of the Australian Football League (formerly the Victorian Football League), staged to determine the premiers of the 2016 AFL season. The match, attended by 99,981 spectators, was won by the Bulldogs by a margin of 22 points, marking the club's second VFL/AFL premiership victory and first since 1954. It was the first time in VFL/AFL history that a team won the premiership from seventh place on the ladder. Jason Johannisen of the Bulldogs was awarded the Norm Smith Medal as the best player on the ground.
Susan Owen
Susan Owen, also known by her married name Susan Owen-Leinert, (born February 9, 1959) is an American operatic soprano, voice teacher, and opera director. She had an active international performance career during the 1980s and 1990s. She currently is the head of the vocal arts division at the  Rudi E. Scheidt School of Music at the University of Memphis and serves as General Manager of The Chamber Opera of Memphis.

Berlin State Opera
The Staatsoper Unter den Linden (lit. State Opera under the Lime Trees), also known as the Berlin State Opera (German: Staatsoper Berlin), is a listed building on Unter den Linden boulevard in the historic center of Berlin, Germany. The opera house was built by order of Prussian king Frederick the Great from 1741 to 1743 according to plans by Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff in the Palladian style. Damaged during the Allied bombing in World War II, the former Royal Prussian Opera House was rebuilt from 1951 to 1955 as part of the Forum Fridericianum square in East Berlin.

Nicknamed Lindenoper, it is "the world's oldest state opera" and "the first theater anywhere to be, by itself, a prominent, freestanding monumental building in a city."
Guy Grossi
Guy Grossi (born 13 May 1965) is an Italian-Australian chef and media personality. He owns several restaurants in Melbourne.

In 1996, Grossi was awarded the L'insegna Del Ristorante Italiano by the president of Italy, for his dedication to presenting and promoting "La Cucina Italiana" and lifestyle. He has published four cookbooks: Grossi Florentino – Secrets and Recipes, My Italian Heart, Recipes From My Mother's Kitchen and most recently, Love Italy.

Armadale, Victoria
Armadale is an inner suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Stonnington local government area. Armadale recorded a population of 9,368 at the 2021 census.

The suburb has two railways stations: Armadale, and Toorak. It is bordered by Glenferrie Road to the east, Orrong Road to the west, Malvern Road to the north and Dandenong Road/Princes Highway to the south.
M26 Pershing
The M26 Pershing is a heavy tank, later designated as a medium tank, formerly used by the United States Army. It was used in the last months of World War II during the Invasion of Germany and extensively during the Korean War. The tank was named after General of the Armies John J. Pershing, who led the American Expeditionary Force in Europe during World War I.

The M26 was intended as a replacement of the M4 Sherman, but a prolonged development period meant that only a small number saw combat in Europe. Based on the criteria of firepower, mobility, and protection, US historian R. P. Hunnicutt ranked the Pershing behind the German Tiger II heavy tank, but ahead of the Tiger I heavy and Panther medium tanks. It was withdrawn in 1951 in favor of its improved derivative, the M46 Patton, which had a more powerful and reliable engine and advanced suspension. The lineage of the M26 continued with the M47 Patton, and was reflected in the new designs of the later M48 Patton and M60 tank.

George Forty
George Forty OBE (10 September 1927 – 19 May 2016) was a British Army officer who was chief of staff of the Royal Armoured Corps gunnery school and later director of the Tank Museum, and also author of many books on warfare.
Circassian–Kumyk wars
The Circassian–Kumyk Wars or Kabardian–Kumyk Wars were a series of conflicts between the feudal lords of Kabardia and the Kumyks from the mid-16th century to the early 18th century. These wars were characterized by power struggles for dominance in the North-Eastern Caucasus. The rivalry was fueled by shifting alliances with major regional powers such as Russia, the Ottoman Empire, and Safavid Iran.

Nogais
The Nogais (/noʊˈɡaɪ/ noh-GY) are a Turkic people who speak Nogai, a language from the Kipchak branch of the Turkic languages. They live in Eastern Europe, the North Caucasus, the Volga region, Central Asia, and Turkey. Most are found in northern Dagestan and Stavropol Krai, as well as in Karachay-Cherkessia, Chechnya, and Astrakhan Oblast; some also live in Dobruja (Romania and Bulgaria), Turkey, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, and a small Nogai diaspora is found in Syria and Jordan. They speak the Nogai language and are descendants of various Mongolic and Turkic tribes who formed the Nogai Horde. There are nine main groups of Nogais: the Ak Nogai, the Karagash, the Koban-Nogai, the Kundraw-Nogai, the Achikulak-Nogai, the Qara-Nogai, the Utars, the Bug-Nogai, and the Yurt-Nogai.
HMS Berwick (1902)
HMS Berwick was one of 10 Monmouth-class armoured cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. She was assigned to the 2nd Cruiser Squadron of the Channel Fleet upon completion in 1903 and was transferred to the Home Fleet in 1906. She accidentally rammed and sank a British destroyer in 1908. Berwick was refitted in 1908–09 before she was transferred to the 4th Cruiser Squadron on the North America and West Indies Station later that year.

She captured a German merchant ship shortly after World War I began. The ship patrolled for German commerce raiders and escorted convoys for the war. Berwick was assigned to the 8th Light Cruiser Squadron in 1919 before she was paid off and sold for scrap in 1920.

Monmouth-class cruiser
The Monmouth class was a ten-ship class of 10,000-ton armoured cruisers built around 1901 to 1903 for the Royal Navy and designed specifically for commerce protection. The ships were also referred to as County class cruisers as they carried the names of British counties.
L'Algérino
Samir Djoghlal (Arabic: سمير جغلال; born 2 May 1981), better known as L'Algérino (French pronunciation: [lalʒeʁino]), is an Algerian-French rapper and singer whose family came from the Chaoui-Berber tribes in Khenchela, Algeria

A childhood friend of JUL, he was discovered in 2001 by rapper Akhenaton, a member of the IAM group, who signed him on his 361 Recordz label, and in which he published his first album " Les derniers seront les premiers" (English: The Last will be the First), in June 2005. Aged 25, L'Algérino becomes the first Marseille artist signed on an independent Paris label, the Sinik Six-O-Nine.

Jul (rapper)
Julien Mari (French pronunciation: [ʒyljɛ̃ maʁi], born 14 January 1990), better known as Jul (/dʒuːl/, stylized as JuL and in all caps), is a French rapper, singer, and producer. He has been the most-streamed artist on Spotify in France for five consecutive years and is frequently among the top streamed artists in Belgium, Morocco, and other counties.

In February 2020, he became the biggest record seller in the history of French rap with more than 4 million albums sold at the age of 30, and in six years of career. By April 2022, this figure had risen to 5.5 million albums sold, and as of December 2025, it's over 10 million.
History of Tbilisi
The history of Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia, dates back to at least the 5th century AD. Since its foundation by the monarch of Georgia's ancient precursor Kingdom of Iberia, Tbilisi has been an important cultural, political and economic center of the Caucasus and served, with intermissions, as the capital of various Georgian kingdoms and republics. Under the Russian rule, from 1801 to 1917 it was called Tiflis and held the seat of the Imperial Viceroy governing both sides of the entire Caucasus.

Tbilisi's proximity to lucrative east–west trade routes often made the city a point of contention between various rival empires, and its location to this day ensures an important transit role. Tbilisi's varied history is reflected in its architecture, which is a mix of medieval, classical, and Soviet structures.

South Caucasus
The South Caucasus, also known as Transcaucasia, or the Transcaucasus, is a geographical region on the border of Eastern Europe and West Asia, straddling the southern Caucasus Mountains. The South Caucasus roughly corresponds to modern Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan, which are sometimes collectively known as the Caucasian States. The total area of these countries measures about 186,100 square kilometres (71,850 square miles). The South Caucasus and the North Caucasus together comprise the larger Caucasus geographical region that divides Eurasia.
Rajaouna
Rajaouna Mountain (or Baluwa Mountain) is a peak in the Djurdjura mountain range in the Tell Atlas in Algeria, located in the Tizi Ouzou, Tizi Ouzou District, Tizi Ouzou Province of the Kabylia region of Algeria.

Sebaou River
The Sebaou River, or Oued Sebaou (Asif n Sabaw in Kabyle, Wād Sībāw or Wād Nissa in Arabic) is the main river of the western Kabylie region of Algeria (roughly corresponding to the present-day Tizi Ouzou Province), which flows into the Mediterranean near the coastal town of Dellys in Boumerdès Province.

Sebaou is also the name given to the valley crossed by this river that goes from Boubhir to Dellys.  Its name is shared by the village and former Ottoman fort of Bordj Sebaou, on its banks.