hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Theodore Dammann
Theodore Dammann was a politician from the U.S. state of Wisconsin. He was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on November 4, 1869. The son of a Lutheran pastor, he attended Concordia College, at the time located in Milwaukee, now known as Concordia University Wisconsin, located in Wisconsin. He served as that state's twenty-third Secretary of State, serving six terms from January 3, 1927, to January 2, 1939. For his first four terms he was a Republican and served under governors Fred R. Zimmerman, Walter J. Kohler Sr., Philip La Follette and Albert G. Schmedeman. For his second two terms he was a Progressive and served once again under Governor Philip La Follette.

He resided in Milwaukee at the time of his election.

Dammann died on January 17, 1946.

Secretary of State of Wisconsin
The secretary of state of Wisconsin is a constitutional officer in the executive branch of the government of the U.S. state of Wisconsin, and is second (behind the lieutenant governor) in the line of succession to the office of governor of Wisconsin. Twenty-nine individuals have held the office of secretary of state, two of whom have held non-consecutive terms. The incumbent is Sarah Godlewski, who was appointed by Governor Tony Evers on March 17, 2023, to replace long-time Secretary of State Doug La Follette.
Foucault's lectures at the Collège de France
Upon receiving the chair History of Systems of Thought, philosopher Michel Foucault gave annual lectures at the Collège de France from 1970 until his death in 1984. These lectures, in which he further advanced his work, were summarised from audio recordings and edited by Michel Senellart. They were subsequently translated into English and further edited by Graham Burchell and published posthumously by St Martin's Press. The lectures have provided insight into various concepts like biopolitics, critique, and governmentality, which has contributed to the Foucault-Habermas debate.

Paradigm
In science and philosophy, a paradigm (/ˈpærədaɪm/ PARR-ə-dyme) is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research methods, postulates, and standards for what constitute legitimate contributions to a field. The word paradigm is Greek in origin, meaning "pattern". It is closely related to the discussion of theory-ladenness in the philosophy of science.
Basketball at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's basketball tournament at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, began on 10 August and ended on 24 August, when the United States defeated Spain 118–107 for the gold medal. All games were held at the Beijing Olympic Basketball Gymnasium.The United States, nicknamed the "Redeem Team", defeated Spain in the gold medal game, finishing the tournament undefeated and winning the gold medal for the first time since 2000, while Argentina, the defending Olympic champions who lost to the U.S. in the semifinals, won the bronze medal.

Time in China
The time in China follows a single standard time offset of UTC+08:00, where Beijing is located, even though the country spans five geographical time zones. It is the largest sovereign nation in the world that officially observes only one time zone.

The nationwide standardized time is named Beijing Time (BJT; Chinese: 北京时间) domestically and China Standard Time (CST) internationally. Daylight saving time has not been observed since 1991.

China Standard Time (UTC+8) is consistent across Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau. It is also equivalent with Taiwan, Philippines, Singapore, Brunei, most of Mongolia, Malaysia, Irkutsk Time of Russia, Western Australia, and Central Indonesia.
2004 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee
The 2004 congressional elections in Tennessee was held on November 2, 2004, to determine who will represent the state of Tennessee in the United States House of Representatives. Following the 2004 elections, no seats changed hands, leaving the Tennessee delegation at a 5-4 Democratic majority.

Tennessee was one of four states in which the party that won the state's popular vote did not win a majority of seats in 2004, the other states being Colorado, Connecticut, and New Mexico.

Jimmy Duncan (politician)
John James Duncan Jr. (born July 21, 1947) is an American politician who served as the U.S. representative for Tennessee's 2nd congressional district from 1988 to 2019. An attorney, former Criminal Court judge, and former long serving member of the Army National Guard, published author and newspaper columnist. He is a member of the Republican Party.
Lübberstedt
Lübberstedt (German pronunciation: [ˈlʏbɐʃtɛt]; Low German: Lübbs) is a municipality and village located in the district of Osterholz in the German state of Lower Saxony. It is located north of Osterholz-Scharmbeck. Together with the villages of Hambergen, Axstedt, Holste and Vollersode, it forms the Samtgemeinde of Hambergen.

Axstedt
Axstedt (German pronunciation: [ˈaksˌʃtɛt]; Low German: Ax) is a municipality in the district of Osterholz, in Lower Saxony, Germany.

It belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen. In 1648 the Prince-Archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. In 1823 the Duchy was abolished and its territory became part of the Stade Region.
Center for Engaged Democracy
The Center for Engaged Democracy is located within Merrimack College’s School of Education.  The center develops, coordinates, and supports academic programs around the country that are focused on civic and community engagement.  The center supports such academic programs through a variety of initiatives for faculty, administrators, and community partners.  There are currently over fifty academic programs focused on community engagement.

Merrimack College
Merrimack College is a private Augustinian university in North Andover, Massachusetts. It was founded in 1947 by the Order of St. Augustine with an initial goal to educate World War II veterans. It enrolls approximately 5,700 undergraduate and graduate students from 34 states and 36 countries. The school has an acceptance rate of 75%.
Katie Monahan-Prudent
Katie Monahan-Prudent (born c. 1954) is an American equestrian, best known as the 1986 World Champion in team showjumping, and the coach of Olympians Beezie Madden and Reed Kessler. Monahan-Prudent rose to prominence in the 1980s, when she was an Olympic team member, three-time American Invitational winner, and Whitney Cup recipient. In 2016, Monahan-Prudent was inducted into the Show Jumping Hall of Fame. She owns Plain Bay Farm, located in Middleburg, Virginia, with her husband Henri Prudent.

Reed Kessler
Reed Catherine Kessler (born July 9, 1994) is a former American show jumping competitor previously  based in Europe. At 18 years old, Kessler qualified for the 2012 London Olympics, becoming at the time, the youngest rider to compete in show jumping at the Olympic Games. In 2013, she won the Longines Rising Star Award after winning the 2012 USEF National Jumping title and won the 2013 ATCO Power Queen Elizabeth II Cup at Spruce Meadows.
Nuenen
Nuenen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈnynə(n)]) is a town in the municipality of Nuenen, Gerwen en Nederwetten in the Netherlands. From 1883 to 1885, Vincent van Gogh lived and worked in Nuenen. In 1944, a battle was fought there during Operation Market Garden. The local dialect is called Peellands. In 2009, Nuenen had a population of 22,437.

Nuenen, Gerwen en Nederwetten
Nuenen, Gerwen en Nederwetten (pronounced [ˈnynə(ŋ) ˈɣɛrʋən ɛ ˌneːdərˈʋɛtə(n)] ⓘ, or [-ʋə ʔɛ -]) is a municipality consisting of the larger village of Nuenen and two adjacent smaller ones. It is located in the province of North Brabant, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) east of Eindhoven, the fifth largest city in the Netherlands. From being a small farmers town of less than 1000 inhabitants around 1950 Nuenen grew steadily as ever more new employees of Philips and the Eindhoven University (TUE) chose Nuenen as their new home.
Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve
Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve (Russian: Печоро-Илычский заповедник, Pechoro-Ilychsky zapovednik) is a Russian 'zapovednik' (strict nature reserve) in the Komi Republic, Russia. It currently occupies 7,213 square kilometers and forms the core of the World Heritage Site Virgin Komi Forests.

European pine marten
The European pine marten (Martes martes), also known as the pine marten, is a mustelid native to and widespread in most of Europe, Asia Minor, the Caucasus, and parts of Iran, Iraq, and Syria. It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List.
It is less commonly known as baum marten or sweet marten.
Ashburnham Park
Ashburnham Park is a 109.9-hectare (272-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north-west of Hastings in East Sussex. It is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade 2. The park is the garden of Ashburnham Place and it is listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest.

This former medieval deer park has many ancient trees which support more than 160 species of lichens. The habitats are parkland and woodland together with three ornamental lakes. The woods have a diverse selection of breeding bird species.

A Nature Conservation Review
A Nature Conservation Review is a two-volume work by Derek Ratcliffe, published by Cambridge University Press in 1977. It set out to identify the most important places for nature conservation in Great Britain. It is often known by the initials NCR, and sites listed in it are termed "NCR sites".

The approach adopted by Ratcliffe was adapted and applied to the selection of sites important for geological conservation in the Geological Conservation Review. A Marine Nature Conservation Review has also been published.

Volume 1 set out the rationale and methods used, and gave descriptions of the major habitat types.

Volume 2 consisted entirely of a site inventory. Sites were grouped into six major habitat types:

Coastal sites - 135 sites

Woodlands - 234 sites

Lowland grasslands, heaths and scrub - 159 sites

Open waters - 99 sites

Peatlands - 116 sites

Upland grasslands and heaths - 101 sites
Arbat Darreh
Arbat Darreh (Persian: اربطدره, also Romanized as Arbaţ Darreh; also known as Ārpā Darreh, Arbat, and Ārpdareh) is a village in Dodangeh-ye Olya Rural District, Ziaabad District, Takestan County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 12, in 4 families.

Dodangeh-ye Olya Rural District
Dodangeh-ye Olya Rural District (Persian: دهستان  دودانگه عليا) is in Ziaabad District of Takestan County, Qazvin province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Farsajin. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Ziaabad, now a city.
Zwola, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Zwola [ˈzvɔla] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sadowie, within Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) west of Sadowie, 11 km (7 mi) north-west of Opatów, and 47 km (29 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Sadowie, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Sadowie [saˈdɔvjɛ] is a village in Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Sadowie. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north-west of Opatów and 54 km (34 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.
The Agonist
The Agonist was a Canadian metalcore and melodic death metal band from Montreal, Quebec, formed in 2004. The last known lineup consisted of lead guitarist Danny Marino, bassist Chris Kells, drummer Simon Mckay, rhythm guitarist Pascal "Paco" Jobin and lead vocalist Vicky Psarakis, who joined in March 2014 following the departure of vocalist and founding member Alissa White-Gluz.

Originally known as the Tempest, the band adopted their current moniker upon their signing to Century Media in 2007. The Agonist had released six studio albums; the last, Orphans, was released in September 2019. They had shared the stage with bands such as Arsonists Get All the Girls, Epica, the Faceless, Chelsea Grin, Kamelot, and Visions of Atlantis. They disbanded in May 2023.

The Faceless
The Faceless are an American technical death metal band from the Encino neighborhood of Los Angeles. They released their debut album, Akeldama, in November 2006, and a follow-up, Planetary Duality, in November 2008. The band's third album, Autotheism, was released on August 14, 2012. On December 1, 2017, the band released their fourth album, In Becoming a Ghost.
4th Chhattisgarh Assembly
The Fourth Legislative Assembly of Chhattisgarh was constituted after the 2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly elections which were concluded in November 2013 and the results were declared on 8 December 2013. Incumbent ruling party BJP and Chief Minister Raman Singh retained the majority in assembly and formed government consequently for the third time.

Raman Singh
Raman Singh (born 15 October 1952) is an Indian politician who is served as the Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh for three consecutive times from 2003 to 2018. Currently, he serving as the sixth speaker of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly. He is also a member of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly representing Rajnandgaon since 2008 and from Dongargaon from 2004 to 2008.

He is the longest serving Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh, and held the position for 15 years from 2003 to 2018. Previously he also served as the Minister of State for Commerce and Industries in the Vajpayee cabinet from 1999 to 2003, Member of the Lok Sabha from Rajnandgaon from 1999 to 2003. Before the state of Chhattisgarh was carved out of Madhya Pradesh, he was a member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Kawardha from 1990 to 1998.

He is also the former National Vice President of Bharatiya Janata Party, serving from 2019 to 2023.
Kairos
Kairos (Ancient Greek: καιρός) is an ancient Greek word meaning 'the exact or critical time'. In modern Greek, kairos also means 'weather' or 'time'. It is one of two words that the ancient Greeks had for 'time'; the other being chronos (χρόνος). Whereas the latter refers to chronological or sequential time, kairos signifies a good or proper time for action. In this sense, while chronos is quantitative, kairos has a qualitative, permanent nature.

The plural, kairoi (καιροί) means 'the times'. Kairos is a term, idea, and practice that has been applied in several fields including classical rhetoric, modern rhetoric, digital media, Christian theology, and science.

Modern rhetoric
Modern rhetoric has gone through many changes since the age of ancient Rome and Greece to fit the societal demands of the time. Kenneth Burke, who is largely credited for defining the notion of modern rhetoric, described modern rhetoric as

"rooted in an essential function of language itself, a function that is wholly realistic, and is continually born anew; the use of language as a symbolic means of inducing cooperation in beings that by nature respond to symbols."

Burke's theory of rhetoric directed attention to the division between classical and modern rhetoric. The intervention of outside academic movements, such as structuralism, semiotics, and critical theory, made important contributions to a modern sense of rhetorical studies.
History of media studies
Media studies encompasses the academic investigation of the mass media from perspectives such as sociology, psychology, history, semiotics, and critical discourse analysis. The purpose of media studies is to determine how media affects society.

Media studies in the United States is also known as Mass Communication, Communication Studies, Media Ecology.

Media studies
Media studies is a discipline and field of study that deals with the content, history, and effects of various media; in particular, the mass media. Media studies may draw on traditions from both the social sciences and the humanities, but it mostly draws from its core disciplines of mass communication, communication, communication sciences, and communication studies.

Researchers may also develop and employ theories and methods from disciplines including cultural studies, rhetoric (including digital rhetoric), philosophy, literary theory, psychology, political science, political economy, economics, sociology, anthropology, social theory, art history and criticism, film theory, and information theory.
Uccellina Mountains
The Uccellina Mountains (Italian: Monti dell'Uccellina) are a group of hills located in the Maremma Regional Park, province of Grosseto, Tuscany, Italy.These mountains divide the Ombrone plain in the north from the Albegna plain in the south.

The territory is included into the municipalities of Grosseto, Magliano in Toscana and Orbetello.

The Uccellina mountains are home to many wild animals such as wild boars, deer, fallow deer, red foxes, porcupines, turtles(Caretta caretta, Testudo hermanni and Emys orbicularis), and many species of rare Italian birds. The flora are composed of numerous species, including endemics.

Magliano in Toscana
Magliano in Toscana is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Grosseto in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 130 kilometres (81 miles) south of Florence and about 25 kilometres (16 miles) southeast of Grosseto.

Magliano in Toscana borders the following municipalities: Grosseto, Manciano, Orbetello, Scansano.

Nearby was found the Lead Plaque of Magliano.
Metekhi Church
The Metekhi church of the Nativity of the Mother of God (Georgian: მეტეხის ღვთისმშობლის შობის ტაძარი, romanized: met'ekhis ghvtismshoblis shobis t'adzari), known simply as Metekhi, is a Georgian Orthodox Christian church located on the left bank of the river Kura. It sits on the Metekhi Cliff opposite the old town of Tbilisi, Georgia. Much of the existing structure dates back to the Middle Ages and was built between 1278 and 1289 AD under the reign of King Demetrius II of Georgia, although oral tradition traces Metekhi's origins further to the 5th century.

The Georgian Chronicles
The Georgian Chronicles is the principal compendium of medieval Georgian historical texts, natively known as The Life of Kartli (Georgian: ქართლის ცხოვრება, romanized: kartlis tskhovreba)—Kartli being a core region of ancient and medieval Georgia, known to the Classical and Byzantine authors as Iberia.

The chronicles are also known as The Georgian Royal Annals, for they were essentially the official corpus of history of the Kingdom of Georgia.
Alban de Villeneuve-Bargemon
The Viscount Alban de Villeneuve-Bargemont (August 8, 1784 – June 8, 1850) was a French economist and politician. A Catholic nobleman, he was among the first, alongside Armand de Melun, to denounce industrial exploitation and to introduce early social legislation.

He was a member of the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques and a Commander of the Legion of Honour.

Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques
The Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques (French pronunciation: [akademi de sjɑ̃s mɔʁal e pɔlitik]; "Academy of Moral and Political Sciences") is a French learned society. It is one of the five academies of the Institut de France.
El Hadjira
El Hadjira is a town and commune, and capital of El Hadjira District, in Ouargla Province, Algeria. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 14,965, up from 12,781 in 1998, and an annual population growth rate of 1.6%.

Touggourt
Touggourt (Arabic: ﺗﻗﺮت or تڤرت; Berber languages: ⵜⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ, romanized: Tugurt, lit. 'the gateway' or 'the gate') is a city and commune, former sultanate and capital of Touggourt District, in Touggourt Province, Algeria, built next to an oasis in the Sahara. As of the 2008 census, the commune had a population of 39,409 people, up from 32,940 in 1998, and an annual growth rate of 1.8%. Touggourt's urban area includes the communes of Nezla, Tebesbest and Zaouia El Abidia, for a total population of 146,108.

Touggourt is notable for its date trees. It was formerly surrounded by a moat, which the French filled up. Bradt Travel Guides describe it as "largely a modern town of block architecture" and "largely unattractive. The centre is quiet most of the day due to the heat but is more active at night when people take to the streets."
Gerard Alessandrini
Gerard Alessandrini (born November 27, 1953) is an American writer, director, lyricist and composer, best known for creating the off-Broadway musical revue Forbidden Broadway. He is the recipient of Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre, four Drama Desk Awards (two for Outstanding Lyrics and two special awards for Lifetime Achievement), an Outer Critics Circle Award, and two Lucille Lortel Awards, as well as an Obie Award, and the Drama League Award for Lifetime Achievement in Musical Theatre.

Triad Theatre
The Triad Theater, formerly known as Palsson's Supper Club, Steve McGraw's, and Stage 72, is a cabaret-style performing arts venue located on West 72nd Street on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. The theatre has been the original home to some of the longest running Off-Broadway shows including Forever Plaid, Forbidden Broadway, Spamilton, and Secrets Every Smart Traveler Should Know.

The Triad Theater is currently owned and operated by Peter Martin and partner Rick Newman, founder of New York's famed comedy and music venue, Catch a Rising Star.
Archie Battersbee case
Hollie Dance and Paul Battersbee vs Barts Health NHS Trust and another was a legal case in the United Kingdom that was the subject of several court hearings between April and August 2022. The case centred around whether or not to withdraw the life support of Archie Battersbee a 12-year-old boy who was found unconscious and subsequently considered to have suffered brainstem death.

The courts ruled in favour of Barts Health NHS Trust, and against his parents, and allowed his life support to be withdrawn. Battersbee died on 6 August 2022 shortly after his life support was ended, four months after he was first found unconscious. His cause of death was later ruled to be "catastrophic hypoxic ischemic brain injury, secondary to strangulation" as a result of an accident due to a failed prank or experiment. Early claims of a link to the TikTok "blackout challenge" were later dismissed due to a lack of evidence.

Hearing (law)
In law, a hearing is the formal examination of a case (civil or criminal) before a judge. It is a proceeding before a court or other decision-making body or officer, such as a government agency or a legislative committee.
Runcinated 5-cell
In four-dimensional geometry, a runcinated 5-cell is a convex uniform 4-polytope, being a runcination (a 3rd order truncation, up to face-planing) of the regular 5-cell.

There are 3 unique degrees of runcinations of the 5-cell, including with permutations, truncations, and cantellations.

Cuboctahedron
A cuboctahedron, rectified cube, or rectified octahedron is a polyhedron with 8 triangular faces and 6 square faces. A cuboctahedron has 12 identical vertices, with 2 triangles and 2 squares meeting at each, and 24 identical edges, each separating a triangle from a square. As such, it is a quasiregular polyhedron, i.e., an Archimedean solid that is not only vertex-transitive but also edge-transitive. It is radially equilateral. Its dual polyhedron is the rhombic dodecahedron.
Mariane Bournonville
Mariane Bournonville née Jensen (1768–1797), was a Danish ballerina. She was active at the Royal Danish Ballet in 1784-1796, and is counted as among the elite of her profession at the time, famed for her performance within comedie ballet. She ended her ballet career in 1796, and worked her last year as an actress. She was a student of Vincenzo Galeotti. She was married to Antoine Bournonville. She died in Childbirth in 1797.

Vincenzo Galeotti
Vincenzo Galeotti (5 March, 1733 – 16 December, 1816) was an Italian-born Danish dancer, choreographer and ballet master, who was influential as the director of the Royal Danish Ballet from 1775 until his death.