hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Start point (yeast)
The Start point is a major cell cycle checkpoint in yeast, known as the restriction point in multicellular organisms. The Start checkpoint ensures cell-cycle entry even if conditions later become unfavorable. The physiological factors that control passage through the Start checkpoint include external nutrient concentrations, presence of mating factor/ pheromone, forms of stress, and size control.

Cell cycle checkpoint
Cell cycle checkpoints are control mechanisms in the eukaryotic cell cycle which ensure its proper progression. Each checkpoint serves as a potential termination point along the cell cycle, during which the conditions of the cell are assessed, with progression through the various phases of the cell cycle occurring only when favorable conditions are met. There are many checkpoints in the cell cycle, but the three major ones are: the G1 checkpoint, also known as the Start or restriction checkpoint or Major Checkpoint; the G2/M checkpoint; and the metaphase-to-anaphase transition, also known as the spindle checkpoint. Progression through these checkpoints is largely determined by the activation of cyclin-dependent kinases by regulatory protein subunits called cyclins, different forms of which are produced at each stage of the cell cycle to control the specific events that occur therein.
Myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome
Myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome (MES) is an uncommon gynecological disorder associated with isolated polycythemia and uterine fibroids. The primary feature of myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome is that hemoglobin goes back to its baseline level following the removal of the myoma. There have only been 50 cases of myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome documented as of 2023. Thomsen and Marson published the first case in 1953.

Uterine myomectomy
Myomectomy, sometimes also called fibroidectomy, refers to the surgical removal of uterine leiomyomas, also known as fibroids. In contrast to a hysterectomy, the uterus remains preserved and the woman retains her reproductive potential. It still may impact hormonal regulation and the menstrual cycle.
Powell Valley Male Academy
The Powell Valley Male Academy, also known as the Speedwell Academy, is a historic building in Speedwell, Tennessee. It was built in 1827 by slaves owned by George Shutter, an immigrant from Germany who founded the school. During the American Civil War of 1861–1865, it was used as headquarters for the Confederate States Army by Brigadier General Felix Zollicoffer. According to Kimberley Murphy of the East Tennessee Development District, "Speedwell Academy continue[d] to serve as the social heart of the Speedwell community" in the mid-1990s. The building has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since February 16, 1995.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Claiborne County, Tennessee
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Claiborne County, Tennessee.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Claiborne County, Tennessee, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 12 properties and districts in the county are listed on the National Register.  Another two properties were once listed but have been removed.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 21, 2025.
Zimne
Zimne [ˈʑimnɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świnice Warckie, within Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) north-east of Świnice Warckie, 13 km (8 mi) west of Łęczyca, and 44 km (27 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Świnice Warckie
Świnice Warckie [ɕfiˈnit͡sɛ ˈvart͡skʲɛ] is a village in Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Świnice Warckie. It lies approximately 20 km (12 mi) west of Łęczyca and 47 km (29 mi) northwest of the regional capital Łódź.

The village has an approximate population of 920. This is the place of the baptism and first communion of Faustina Kowalska, a great mystic and the secretary of Divine Mercy. The parish church is an official sanctuary since 2002. Saint Faustina (born Helena Kowalska) was living until the age of 16 in nearby village of Głogowiec.
Stearman 4
The Stearman 4 is an American commercial biplane that was manufactured in the 1920s by Stearman Aircraft. They were marketed at the time as fast and luxurious executive transports and mail planes for about US$16,000.

Stearman Aircraft
Stearman Aircraft Corporation was an aircraft manufacturer in Wichita, Kansas. Although the company designed a range of other aircraft, it is most known for producing the Model 75, which is commonly known simply as the "Stearman" or "Boeing Stearman".
Manny Montes
Emmanuel Rodríguez, better known as Manny Montes, is a Puerto Rican rapper, known one of the major Christian artists in Puerto Rico. He has been nominated multiple times for the Premios Arpa and recently, at the Tu Música Urbana Awards for "Mejor canción cristiana".

He has more than 10 collaborative albums, where hundreds of different artists have participated, including Funky, Redimi2, Alex Zurdo, Indiomar, Farruko, Mexicano 777, etc., sharing the stage with artists like Marcos Witt and Tercer Cielo.

Mexicano 777
Israel Perales Ortiz (September 1, 1972 – July 23, 2015), known professionally as Mexicano 777, was a Puerto Rican rapper who gained fame across Latin America, and in the United States. Originally from Yabucoa, Puerto Rico, he was considered to be one of the pioneers of Latin hip hop and reggaeton.
Maison Bonfils
Maison Bonfils was a French family-run company producing and selling photography and photographic products from Beirut (then in Ottoman Syria, now in Lebanon) from 1867 until 1918, from 1878 on renamed "F. Bonfils et Cie". The Bonfils ran the first and, in their time, most successful photographic studio in the city. Maison Bonfils produced studio portraits, staged biblical scenes, landscapes, and panoramic photographs.

1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus
The 1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus, also known as the 1860 Christian–Druze war, was a civil conflict in Mount Lebanon during Ottoman rule in 1860–1861 fought mainly between the local Druze and Christians.

Following decisive Druze victories and massacres of the Christians, the conflict spilled over into other parts of Ottoman Syria, particularly Damascus, where thousands of Christian residents were killed by Druze fighters and local Muslim groups. The fighting precipitated a French-led international military intervention.
2016 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 2016 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 128th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 13 December 2015. The championship began on 19 April 2016 and ended on 4 December 2016.

Nemo Rangers were the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Ballincollig at the semi-final stage.

On 16 October 2016, Carbery Rangers won the championship following a 1-15 to 1-12 defeat of Ballincollig in the final at Páirc Uí Rinn. It remains their only championship title.

Ballincollig's Cian Dorgan was the championship's top scorer with 2-31.

1887 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1887 Cork Senior Football Championship was the inaugural staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 30 January 1887. The championship began on 6 March 1887 and ended on 10 July 1887.

On 10 July 1887, Lees won the championship following a 0–04 to 0–01 defeat of Lisgoold in the final at Cork Park. The club subsequently represented Cork in the 1887 All-Ireland Championship.
Trout Lake (Warren County, New York)
Trout Lake is located west of Bolton, New York. Fish species present in the lake are brook trout, rainbow trout, splake, lake trout, smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, pickerel, yellow perch, smelt, rock bass, rainbow smelt, brown trout and brown bullhead. There is a carry down trail on the northeast shore via trail off Lamb Hill Road. There is a 50 horsepower motor limit on this lake. It is called Trout Lake due to the high numbers of lake trout and rainbow trout that are found in the lake. It is also shaped like a trout.

Lake trout
The lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) is a freshwater char living mainly in lakes in Northern North America. Other names for it include mackinaw, namaycush, lake char (or charr), touladi, togue, laker, and grey trout. In Lake Superior, it can also be variously known as siscowet, paperbelly and lean. The lake trout is prized both as a game fish and as a food fish.  Those caught with dark coloration may be called mud hens.
Villanova, Pennsylvania
Villanova is census-designated place in Pennsylvania, United States. A suburb of Philadelphia, the community straddles the border of  Lower Merion Township in Montgomery County and Radnor Township in Delaware County. It is located at the center of the Philadelphia Main Line, a series of Philadelphia suburbs located along the original east–west railroad tracks of the Pennsylvania Railroad. It is served by the SEPTA Paoli/Thorndale Line regional rail train and the Norristown High Speed Line.

The center of the village straddles U.S. Route 30 (Lancaster Avenue) where it intersects Pennsylvania Route 320 (Spring Mill Road). This village center contains the area's post office for ZIP Code 19085, an office building, the Wilmington Trust Company's Pennsylvania headquarters, and several smaller shops.

It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 census with a population of 8,213.

Paoli/Thorndale Line
The Paoli/Thorndale Line, commonly known as the Main Line, is a SEPTA Regional Rail service running from Center City Philadelphia through Montgomery County and Delaware County to Thorndale in Chester County. It operates along the far eastern leg of Amtrak's Philadelphia to Harrisburg Main Line, which in turn was once the Main Line of the Pennsylvania Railroad and is now part of the Keystone Corridor, a federally-designated high-speed rail corridor.
Ricardo (footballer, born 1976)
Ricardo Alexandre Martins Soares Pereira OIH (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʁiˈkaɾðu]; born 11 February 1976), known simply as Ricardo, is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

He spent most of his career with Boavista and Sporting CP, helping the former to its only Primeira Liga title and appearing in 158 official matches with the latter, winning one Taça de Portugal. He moved abroad in his 30s, representing mainly Betis.

Ricardo won 79 caps for Portugal, playing in two World Cups and two European Championships, notably reaching the final at Euro 2004.

2000–01 Primeira Liga
The 2000–01 Primeira Liga was the 67th edition of the top flight of Portuguese football. It started on 19 August 2000 with a match between Braga and Vitória de Guimarães, and ended on 27 May 2001. The league was contested by 18 clubs, with Sporting CP as the defending champions.

Boavista won their first league title, becoming only the second champions from outside the Portuguese "Big Three" (Os Três Grandes) of Benfica, Porto and Sporting, after Belenenses in the 1945–46 season. Boavista qualified for the 2001–02 UEFA Champions League group stage along with Porto, who entered the second qualifying round. Sporting and Marítimo qualified for the 2001–02 UEFA Cup. At the bottom of the table, Campomaiorense, Desportivo das Aves and Estrela da Amadora were relegated to the Segunda Liga. Pena finished as the top scorer with 22 goals. This season saw also Benfica finish sixth, their lowest ever Primeira Liga position.
TV2Me
TV2Me is a device that allows TV viewers to watch their home's cable or satellite television programs on their own computers, mobile phones, television sets and projector screens anywhere in the world. "This technology gives users the ability to shift space, and to watch all the cable or satellite TV channels of any place they choose - live, in full motion, with unparalleled television-quality - on any Internet connected device."

Schaffer–Vega diversity system
The Schaffer–Vega diversity system (SVDS) was a wireless guitar system developed in 1975–76, engineered and prototyped by Ken Schaffer in New York City, and manufactured by the Vega Corporation, El Monte, California. A handheld microphone version was introduced in 1977.

The system was the first cordless system to be adopted by major rock acts because it solved technical problems common to earlier wireless systems. The reliable sound and freedom of movement it provided paved the way for bands to tour with large multi-level stages in arenas. Schaffer-Vegas were used in the late 1970s and early 1980s by many rock bands such as Pink Floyd (namely guitarist David Gilmour), the Rolling Stones, AC/DC and Kiss.
Gello
Gello (Ancient Greek: Γελλώ), in Greek mythology, is a female demon or revenant who threatens the reproductive cycle by causing infertility, miscarriage, and infant mortality. By the Byzantine era, the gelloudes (γελλούδες) were considered a class of beings. Women believed to be under demonic possession by gelloudes might stand trial or be subjected to exorcism.

Gyllou, Gylou, Gillo, or Gelu are some of its alternate forms.

Leo Allatius
Leo Allatius (Greek: Λέων Αλλάτιος, Leon Allatios, Λιωνής Αλάτζης, Lionis Allatzis; Italian: Leone Allacci, Allacio; Latin: Leo Allatius, Allacius; c. 1586 – January 1669) was a Greek scholar, theologian, and keeper of the Vatican library.
Tsubame (train)
The Tsubame (つばめ) is a train service operated by Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu) on the Kyushu Shinkansen in Japan since 2004.

The word tsubame (燕) in Japanese means "swallow", and has been used on a succession of limited express trains on the Tokaido and Sanyo Main Line in Japan since 1930.

Kagoshima-Chūō Station
Kagoshima-Chūō Station (鹿児島中央駅, Kagoshima-Chūō-eki; Kagoshima Central Station) is a major railway station in the city of Kagoshima, Japan. Operated by the Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu), it is the main railway terminal serving Kagoshima and is also the southernmost high-speed Shinkansen railway terminal in Japan.
Natal, British Columbia
Natal is a former coal-mining community in the Elk Valley of the Rocky Mountains in the East Kootenay region of British Columbia, Canada.  Located on the Southern Mainline of the Canadian Pacific Railway, as of 1966 it became part of the District Municipality of Sparwood.

Natal is traceable to the wave of patriotism or jingoism which surrounded the South African War, 1899–1902.  For the colony of Natal in South Africa, replacing the earlier name, New Michel.  See Ladysmith.

Elk Valley (British Columbia)
The Elk Valley is a valley in the southeastern Kootenay region of British Columbia, Canada. Located in the heart of the Canadian Rockies, the Elk Valley is approximately 60 kilometres from the Alberta and Montana borders.
Torbung hunting (Khamba Thoibi)
Torbung hunting (ꯇꯣꯔꯕꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯇꯥꯟꯕ / ꯁꯥꯗꯥꯟꯕ), or Torbung Sadanba (also spelled as Satanba, Shadanba, Shatanba), or Puremba-na Kei Phaba or Purembana Kei Faba (transl. Puremba capturing tigers), refers to an event in the Torbung region of ancient Moirang kingdom of early Manipur, described in the Moirang Kangleirol tradition of Meitei mythology and folklore. The story centers on the hero Puremba (also spelled Purenba) of the Khuman dynasty, and his encounter with nine divine tigers sent by the god Thangjing to restore cosmic balance and reward the hero.

The Torbung hunting incident is part of the classical Meitei epic Khamba Thoibi and is also featured in its refined poetic version, Khamba Thoibi Sheireng, written by Hijam Anganghal.

Meitei mythology
Meitei mythology (or Manipuri mythology) (Meitei: Meitei Mi Lai Tingi Wari) is a collection of myths, belonging to the religious and cultural traditions of the Meitei people, the predominant ethnic group of Manipur. It is associated with traditional Meitei religion of Sanamahism. Meitei myths explain various natural phenomena, how human civilization developed, and the reasons of many events.
Langenbach, Kusel
Langenbach (German pronunciation: [ˈlaŋənbax]) in the Palatinate is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Oberes Glantal.

Kusel (district)
Kusel (German pronunciation: [ˈkuːzl̩]) is a district (Kreis) in the south of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from north-west clockwise) Birkenfeld, Bad Kreuznach, Donnersbergkreis, Kaiserslautern, Saarpfalz and Sankt Wendel (the last two belonging to the state of Saarland).
Prahlada Rama Rao
Prahlada Rama Rao is an Indian aerospace engineer who served as the former director of Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL), the largest of the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) laboratories in India, known for his contributions to the Indian space programme. He was honoured by the Government of India in 2015 with the Padma Shri, the fourth-highest Indian civilian award. He was vice chancellor of the Defence Institute of Advanced Technology from 2011 to 2014.

Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme
The Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) was an Indian Ministry of Defence programme for the research and development of the comprehensive range of missiles. The programme was managed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Ordnance Factories Board in partnership with other Indian government political organisations. The project started in 1982–83 under the leadership of Abdul Kalam who oversaw its ending in 2008 after these strategic missiles were successfully developed.

On 8 January 2008, the DRDO formally announced the successful rated guided missile programme was completed with its design objectives achieved since most of the missiles in the programme had been developed and inducted by the Indian Armed Forces.
Artech Digital Entertainment
Artech Digital Entertainment, Ltd. (stylized as ARTECH studios) was a video game developer formed in 1982 in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Also known as Artech Studios, the company developed games such as Raze's Hell, Monopoly, Jeopardy!, Wheel of Fortune, and a remake of Q*bert.

The company has developed games for the ColecoVision, Commodore 64, Amiga, Atari computers, Nabu Network, Genesis, PlayStation, PlayStation 2, Xbox, PC, and the Xbox 360. They have also developed a series of interactive games designed for standard DVD players.

Artech Studios closed its doors in December 2011.

NABU Network
The NABU Network (Natural Access to Bi-directional Utilities) was an early home computer system which was linked to a precursor of the World Wide Web, operating over cable TV. It operated from 1982 to 1985, primarily in Ottawa, Canada. Its functionality was then revolutionary, though it was not a commercial success. It has been called "The Internet — 10 years ahead of its time" (even though elements of the history of the internet predate it).
Trevor Smith (fighter)
Trevor Smith (born January 5, 1981) is an American former professional mixed martial artist who competed in the Middleweight division.  A professional competitor from 2009 to 2019, Smith formerly competed for Strikeforce and Ultimate Fighting Championship.

ShoMMA
ShoMMA: Strikeforce Challengers is a mixed martial arts series that was produced by the mixed martial arts organization Strikeforce and the Showtime cable network.  Similar to Showtime's earlier ShoXC, the purpose of the series was to highlight up and coming MMA fighters.

Strikeforce Challengers was discontinued with the 2012 Strikeforce deal.
Antilegomena
Antilegomena (from Greek ἀντιλεγόμενα) are written texts whose authenticity or value is disputed. Eusebius in his Church History (c. 325) used the term for those Christian scriptures that were "disputed", literally "spoken against", in Early Christianity before the closure of the New Testament canon.

The antilegomena were widely read in the Early Church and included the Epistle of James, the Epistle of Jude, 2 Peter, 2 and 3 John, the Book of Revelation, the Gospel of the Hebrews, the Epistle to the Hebrews, the Apocalypse of Peter, the Acts of Paul, the Shepherd of Hermas, the Epistle of Barnabas and the Didache. There was disagreement in the Early Church on whether or not the respective texts deserved canonical status.

The Shepherd of Hermas
The Shepherd of Hermas (Ancient Greek: Ποιμὴν τοῦ Ἑρμᾶ, romanized: Poimēn tou Herma; Latin: Pastor Hermae), sometimes just called The Shepherd, is a Christian literary work of the late first half of the second century, considered a valuable book by many Christians, but not considered canonical scripture by  the early Church Fathers such as Irenaeus. The Shepherd was popular among Christians in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th centuries. It is found in the Codex Sinaiticus. The Muratorian fragment identifies the author of The Shepherd as Hermas, the brother of Pope Pius I.  The Muratorian Fragment also explicitly states that The Shepherd of Hermas is useful for private reading but not to be read publicly in the church because it is not apostolic.
Gahai Township, Gansu
Gahai Township (Chinese: 尕海镇) is a township in Luqu County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu, China. In 2010, Gahai Township had a total population of 5,257: 2,666 males and 2,591 females: 1,383 aged under 14, 3,553 aged between 15 and 65 and 321 aged over 65.

Luqu County
Luqu County (Chinese: 碌曲县, Tibetan: ཀླུ་ཆུ་རྫོང་།) is a county of the Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the south of Gansu province, China, bordering the provinces of Sichuan to the southeast and Qinghai to the west. Its postal code is 717200, and in 1999 its population was 30,039 people. The word "Luqu" derived from the Tibetan name of Tao River.

Kirti Namgyel Dechen Ling (Ganden Shedrub Pekar Drolwailing), a Gelug monastery located in Lhamo (Langmusi), was founded in 1748. It became the seat of the Kirti incarnation line.
Donald D. Patterson
Donald D. Patterson (March 18, 1911 – November 30, 1972) was a businessman and political figure in New Brunswick, Canada. He represented the City of St. John in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick as a Progressive Conservative member from 1952 to 1967.

He was born in Saint John, New Brunswick, the son of Hamilton Patterson. In 1938, he married Mildred Chase. Patterson served as the Provincial Secretary-Treasurer from 1952 to 1960.

Department of Finance (New Brunswick)
The Department of Finance is a part of the Government of New Brunswick.  It is charged with New Brunswick's budgetary and tax policy and headed by the finance minister.

The department, or a minister responsible for this area, has existed in one form or another since the creation of New Brunswick as a crown colony in 1784.  It has been called Provincial Treasurer and Provincial Secretary-Treasurer in the past.
2007 Jordanian general election
General elections were held in Jordan on 20 November 2007. Following the election, Prime Minister Marouf al-Bakhit and his cabinet resigned, as it normally followed in the Jordanian political system. King Abdullah II appointed Nader al-Dahabi as the new prime minister on 22 November  to lead a new technocratic government.

Islamic Action Front
The Islamic Action Front (IAF; Arabic: جبهة العمل الإسلامي, romanized: Jabhat al-'Amal al-Islami) is an Islamist political party in Jordan. It was the political wing of the Muslim Brotherhood in Jordan.

Founded in 1992 with 350 members, Ahmed Azaida, Ishaq Al-Farhan and Abdul Latif Arabiyat were the main force behind the formation.

In early 2025, Jordan banned and outlawed the Muslim Brotherhood due to members' links to a violent plot. The IAF's offices were searched and documents confiscated, but the party itself was not banned.