hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Trust boundary
Trust boundary is a term used in computer science and security which describes a boundary where program data or execution changes its level of "trust," or where two principals with different capabilities exchange data or commands. The term refers to any distinct boundary where within a system all sub-systems (including data) have equal trust. An example of an execution trust boundary would be where an application attains an increased privilege level (such as root). A data trust boundary is a point where data comes from an untrusted source--for example, user input or a network socket.

A "trust boundary violation" refers to a vulnerability where computer software trusts data that has not been validated before crossing a boundary.

Principal (computer security)
A principal in computer security is an entity that can be authenticated by a computer system or network. It is referred to as a security principal in Java and Microsoft literature.

Principals can be individual people, computers, services, computational entities such as processes and threads, or any group of such things. They need to be identified and authenticated before they can be assigned rights and privileges over resources in the network. A principal typically has an associated identifier (such as a security identifier) that allows it to be referenced for identification or assignment of properties and permissions.

A principal often becomes synonymous with the credentials used to act as that principal, such as a password or (for service principals) an access token or other secrets.
A View of Ripetta
A View of Ripetta is a 1766 landscape painting by the French artist Hubert Robert. A veduta, it depicts the historic Porto di Ripetta, a port that served the city of Rome. In capriccio style, it features the Pantheon immediately behind it. It was exhibited at the Salon of 1767 at the Louvre in Paris. Today it is part of the collection of the Beaux-Arts de Paris, having been acquired in 1884.

Capriccio (art)
In painting, a capriccio (Italian pronunciation: [kaˈprittʃo], plural: capricci [kaˈprittʃi]; in older English works often anglicized as "caprice") is an architectural fantasy, placing together buildings, archaeological ruins and other architectural elements in fictional and often fantastical combinations. These paintings may also include staffage (figures). Capriccio falls under the more general term of landscape painting. This style of painting was introduced in the Renaissance and continued into the Baroque.

By the late 18th century the term had expanded to mean any image with an equivalent degree of fantasy, for example as used in the titles of print series by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo and Goya, both of whom focus on figures rather than architecture.

The term is also used for other types of art with an element of fantasy (as capriccio in music).
2012 African Women's Handball Cup Winners' Cup
The 2012 African Women's Handball Cup Winners' Cup was the 28th edition, organized by the African Handball Confederation, under the auspices of the International Handball Federation, the handball sport governing body. The tournament was held from April 21–29, 2012 in Beni Khiar, Nabeul and Tazarka, Tunisia, contested by 6 teams and won by Atlético Petróleos de Luanda of Angola.

African Women's Handball Cup Winners' Cup
The Africa Women's Handball Championship for Clubs Winner's Cup is an annual international women's handball club competition run by the African Handball Confederation. The club sides from Africa's handball women's cup's winners in each African country are invited to participate in this competition.
Shigeru Ban
Shigeru Ban (坂 茂, Ban Shigeru; born 5 August 1957) is a Japanese architect, known for his innovative work with paper, particularly recycled cardboard tubes used to quickly and efficiently house disaster victims. Many of his notable designs are structures which are temporary, prefabricated, or incorporate inexpensive and unconventional materials in innovative ways. He was profiled by Time magazine in their projection of 21st-century innovators in the field of architecture and design.

In 2014, Ban was named the 37th recipient of the Pritzker Architecture Prize, the most prestigious prize in modern architecture. The Pritzker Jury cited Ban for his innovative use of material and his dedication to humanitarian efforts around the world, calling him "a committed teacher who is not only a role model for younger generation, but also an inspiration."

Kobe earthquake
The Kobe earthquake, also known as the Great Hanshin Earthquake (Japanese: 阪神淡路大震災, Hepburn: Hanshin-Awaji daishinsai), occurred on January 17, 1995, at 05:46:53 JST in the southern part of Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan, including the region of Hanshin. It measured 6.9 on the moment magnitude scale and had a maximum intensity of 7 on the JMA Seismic Intensity Scale (XI–XII on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale). The tremors lasted for approximately 20 seconds. The focus of the earthquake was located 17 km beneath its epicenter, on the northern end of Awaji Island, 20 km away from the center of the city of Kobe.

At least 5,000 people died, about 4,600 of them from Kobe. Kobe, with its population of 1.5 million, was the closest major city to the epicenter and hit by the strongest tremors. It was Japan's second deadliest earthquake in the 20th century after the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake, in which more than 105,000 people died.
'Ajam of Kuwait
The 'Ajam of Kuwait (Arabic: عيم الكويت), also known as Persian Kuwaitis, are Kuwaiti citizens of Iranian descent. The majority of Shia Kuwaiti citizens are of Iranian descent, although there are Ajam Kuwaitis who are Sunni.

Historically, the community experienced racism and discrimination. In the mid-to-late 20th century, the term "Ajam" became synonymous with Shia families; which can be partly attributed to the politicization of sectarian identities following the 1979 Iranian revolution.

Achomi language
Achomi (Persian: اچُمی), also known as Khodmooni and Larestani, is a Middle Persian (Parsig) derived and Southwestern Iranian language spoken by the Achomi people in southern Fars and western Hormozgan and by significant numbers of Ajam citizens in the UAE, Bahrain, Kuwait, and other neighbouring countries.

It is the predominant language of Khur, Gerash, Larestan, Lamerd, Khonj, and Evaz counties in Fars and Bastak County and Ruydar in Hormozgan province.

Moreover, many cities, towns, and villages in Iran have their own particular dialect, such as Larestan, Khur, Khonj, Gerash, Evaz, Ashkanan, Bastak, Lar, and Banaruiyeh. The majority of Achomi speakers are Sunni Muslims, with a minority being Shia Muslims.

The Achomi language is considered a descendant of the Sassanid Persian language or Middle Persian.
Gazipur Metropolitan Police
Gazipur Metropolitan Police (Bengali: গাজীপুর মেট্রোপলিটন পুলিশ, romanized: Gājīpura mēṭrōpaliṭana puliśa; abbreviated as GMP) is the primary metropolitan unit of the Bangladesh Police, responsible for law enforcement, public safety, and crime prevention within the metropolis of Gazipur, a major city near Dhaka in Bangladesh. Established in 2018 under the Gazipur Metropolitan Police Ordinance, GMP oversees policing operations, administration, and coordination with other law enforcement and emergency agencies in the city. The force is headed by a Police Commissioner who manages all operational and administrative functions.

Bangladesh Police
The Bangladesh Police (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ পুলিশ, romanized: Baṅladeś Puliś) is the national law enforcement service of Bangladesh, operating under the Ministry of Home Affairs. It is responsible for maintaining peace, enforcing law and order, and ensuring the safety and security of citizens across the country. While primarily concerned with law enforcement and protection of individuals and property, the Bangladesh Police also play a significant role in the criminal justice system. Established before the 1971 Liberation War, the force contributed actively during the war and has since evolved into the country’s principal policing institution. The Bangladesh Police also participate in United Nations peacekeeping missions, providing personnel for international law enforcement and security operations.
Orthocentric system
In geometry, an orthocentric system is a set of four points on a plane, one of which is the orthocenter of the triangle formed by the other three. Equivalently, the lines passing through disjoint pairs among the points are perpendicular, and the four circles passing through any three of the four points have the same radius.

If four points form an orthocentric system, then each of the four points is the orthocenter of the other three. These four possible triangles will all have the same nine-point circle. Consequently these four possible triangles must all have circumcircles with the same circumradius.

Johnson circles
In geometry, a set of Johnson circles comprises three circles of equal radius r sharing one common point of intersection H. In such a configuration the circles usually have a total of four intersections (points where at least two of them meet): the common point H that they all share, and for each of the three pairs of circles one more intersection point (referred here as their 2-wise intersection). If any two of the circles happen to osculate, they only have H as a common point, and it will then be considered that H be their 2-wise intersection as well; if they should coincide we declare their 2-wise intersection be the point diametrically opposite H. The three 2-wise intersection points define the reference triangle of the figure.  The concept is named after Roger Arthur Johnson.
Trolla (mountain)
Trolla is a mountain in the Trollheimen mountain range in Sunndal Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) east of the village of Sunndalsøra and about 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) north of the village of Grøa. The mountain is made up of several peaks along the ridge of the mountain:

Store Trolla, at an elevation of 1,850 metres (6,070 ft), the highest peak in all of the Trollheimen mountain range

Nordre Trolla, at an elevation 1,800 metres (5,900 ft), located about 600 metres (2,000 ft) northwest of Store Trolla

Søndre Trolla, at an elevation 1,740 metres (5,710 ft), located about 800 metres (2,600 ft) southeast of Store Trolla

The ridge continues northwards to the peak Skarfjellet (1,790 metres or 5,870 feet).

Sunndalsøra
Sunndalsøraⓘ is the administrative centre of Sunndal Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The village of Sunndalsøra lies at the mouth of the river Driva at the beginning of the Sunndalsfjord. Sunndalsøra is surrounded by steep mountains, such as Hårstadnebba, which reach elevations as high as 1,700 metres (5,600 ft). Some of these mountains around Sunndalsøra are used for BASE jumping.

The 3.61-square-kilometre (890-acre) village has a population (2024) of 4,207 and a population density of 1,165 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,020/sq mi).
Longva
Longva is a village in Haram Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The village is located on the southwest side of the island of Skuløya, along the Longvafjorden. It is about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) northeast of the village of Austnes on Haramsøya via the Ullasund Bridge. The Nogvafjord Tunnel runs from the village of Longva to the north to the island of Fjørtofta.

The 0.37-square-kilometre (91-acre) village had a population (2003) of 237 and a population density of 641 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,660/sq mi). Since 2003, the population and area data for this village area has not been separately tracked by Statistics Norway.

Nogvafjord Tunnel
The Nogvafjord Tunnel (Norwegian: Nogvafjordtunnelen) is an undersea road tunnel in Haram Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The tunnel connects the island of Fjørtofta to the island of Skuløya. The 5,730-metre (3.56 mi) long tunnel opened on 27 August 2022 and it reaches a depth of 134 metres (440 ft) below sea level. It is part of Norwegian County Road 659 and the Nordøyvegen road network.
Confucian Temple of Shanghai
The Confucian Temple or Temple of Confucius of Shanghai (simplified Chinese: 上海文庙; traditional Chinese: 上海文廟; pinyin: Shànghǎi Wénmiào), is a folk Confucian temple in the old city of Shanghai. It is similar to the original temple of Confucius in his hometown Qufu and to the Beijing temple, but on a smaller scale. The temple is located on Wenmiao Road (文庙路) in Huangpu District.

The Wenmiao Market lies around it.  The market opens every Sunday morning and hosts a temple fair.

Huangpu, Shanghai
Huangpu District (Mandarin pronunciationⓘ) makes up the eastern part of Shanghai's traditional urban core and is today the most central of Shanghai's 16 districts. Huangpu district is the seat of municipal government, includes key attractions such as The Bund and the Old City God Temple, as well as popular shopping districts such as Nanjing Road, Huaihai Road, and Xintiandi. The Huangpu District is one of the most densely populated urban districts in the world.
2010 Arizona House of Representatives election
The 2010 Arizona House of Representatives election took place on Tuesday, November 2, 2010, with the primary election held on Tuesday, August 24, 2010. Arizona voters elected all 60 members of the Arizona House of Representatives in multi-member districts to serve two-year terms.

The election coincided with United States national elections and Arizona state elections, including U.S. Senate, U.S. House, Arizona Governor, and Arizona Senate.

Following the previous election in 2008, Republicans held a 35-to-25-seat majority over Democrats. Republicans expanded their majority in 2010, winning 40 seats. At 20 members, Democrats experienced a net loss of five seats.

2008 Arizona House of Representatives election
The 2008 Arizona House of Representatives election took place on Tuesday, November 4, 2008, with the primary election held on Tuesday, September 2, 2008. Arizona voters elected all 60 members of the Arizona House of Representatives in multi-member districts to serve two-year terms.

The election coincided with United States national elections and Arizona state elections, including U.S. President, U.S. House, and Arizona Senate.

Following the previous election in 2006, Republicans held a 33-to-27-seat majority over Democrats. Republicans expanded their majority in 2008, winning 35 seats. At 25 members, Democrats experienced a net loss of two seats. The newly elected members served in the 49th Arizona State Legislature, during which Republican Kirk Adams was elected as Speaker of the Arizona House.
Judo at the 2023 Pan American Games – Mixed team
The mixed team competition of the judo events at the 2023 Pan American Games was held on 31 October at the Contact Sports Center (Centro de Entrenamiento de los Deportes de Contacto) in Santiago, Chile.

It was the first time a mixed team event was contested, increasing the number of judo events from fourteen (all individual events) to fifteen.

Judo at the 2023 Pan American Games
Judo competitions at the 2023 Pan American Games in Santiago, Chile will be held at the Centro de Entrenamiento de los Deportes de Contacto, which will also host the Taekwondo and Karate events, from 28 to 31 October 2023.

15 medal events were contested: seven weight categories each for men and women and one event for mixed teams. The mixed teams was held for the first time ever.
Hard Lines
Hard Lines was an action puzzle video game by British developer Spilt Milk Studios Ltd, released for iOS and Android in 2011. It is a re-interpretation of the classic Snake mobile game. It has six distinct modes, including Survival, Gauntlet, and Time Attack. It challenges the player's reflexes and prior-planning chops, while a collision detection system assuages any touchscreen interface fears.

Puzzle video game
Puzzle video games make up a broad genre of video games that emphasize puzzle solving. The types of puzzles can test problem-solving skills, including logic, pattern recognition, sequence solving, spatial recognition, and word completion. Many puzzle games involve a real-time element and require quick thinking, such as Tetris (1985) and Lemmings (1991).
Salinas Union High School District
Salinas Union High School District is a public school district in Monterey County, California, United States. The feeder districts are Alisal Union, Graves, Lagunita, Salinas City, Santa Rita, Spreckels and Washington Union. As of the 2014–2015 school year, the enrollment number in the district was around 14,000.  Its schools, consisting of middle schools and high schools, are: Alisal High School, El Puente School, El Sausal Middle School, Everett Alvarez High School, Harden Middle School, La Paz Middle School, Mission Trails ROP, Mount Toro High School, North Salinas High School, Rancho San Juan High School, Salinas Adult School, Salinas High School, and Washington Middle School.

The district includes Salinas, Boronda, Spreckels, a portion of Prunedale, and a small portion of Carmel Valley Village.

Santa Rita Union Elementary School District
Santa Rita Union School District is located in Salinas, California, USA. The district consists of Gavilan View Middle School (grades 6–8), John Gutierrez Middle School (formerly Bolsa Knolls)(grades 6–8), La Joya Elementary School (K-5), Santa Rita Elementary School (K-5), McKinnon Elementary School (K-5), and New Republic Elementary School (K-5).  The district office is currently located in front of Gavilan View Middle School on Russell Road.  The district office used to be located about a half mile away in a smaller building.  In the 90s, the building that houses the current district office was built and subsequently the district office moved.
Adjoint representation
In mathematics, the adjoint representation (or adjoint action) of a Lie group G is a way of representing the elements of the group as linear transformations of the group's Lie algebra, considered as a vector space. For example, if G is , the Lie group of real n-by-n invertible matrices, then the adjoint representation is the group homomorphism that sends an invertible n-by-n matrix  to an endomorphism of the vector space of all linear transformations of  defined by: .

For any Lie group, this natural representation is obtained by linearizing (i.e. taking the differential of) the action of G on itself by conjugation. The adjoint representation can be defined for linear algebraic groups over arbitrary fields.

Tangent space
In mathematics, the tangent space of a manifold is a generalization of tangent lines to curves in two-dimensional space and tangent planes to surfaces in three-dimensional space in higher dimensions. In the context of physics, the tangent space to a manifold at a point can be viewed as the space of possible velocities for a particle moving on the manifold.
2003 Big East Conference baseball tournament
The 2003 Big East Conference baseball tournament was held at Commerce Bank Ballpark in Bridgewater, New Jersey. This was the nineteenth annual Big East Conference baseball tournament. The Notre Dame Fighting Irish won their second tournament championship in a row and claimed the Big East Conference's automatic bid to the 2003 NCAA Division I baseball tournament. Notre Dame would go on to win five championships in a row.

Big East Conference baseball tournament
The Big East Conference baseball tournament is the conference championship tournament in baseball for the Big East Conference. It is a double-elimination tournament and seeding is based on regular-season records. The winner receives the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Division I baseball tournament.  The Big East Tournament champion is separate from the conference champion.  The conference championship is determined solely by regular-season record.

From 1985 to 2013, the tournament was sponsored by the old Big East Conference. Starting with the 2014 tournament, it has been sponsored by the newly formed, non-football Big East Conference.
Alltwalis Wind Farm
The Alltwalis Wind Farm is a wind farm near Brechfa Forest located to the north of the town of Carmarthen in Wales.

The facility is composed of 10 wind turbines with a combined installed capacity of 23 megawatts. The expected annual production of electricity is around 65 gigawatt hours (GWh). The farm was built by Statkraft.  Construction began in November 2008, and was completed in December 2009.

Statkraft
Statkraft AS is a hydropower company, fully owned by the Norwegian state. The Statkraft Group is Europe's largest generator of renewable energy, as well as Norway’s largest and the Nordic region's third largest energy producer. Statkraft develops and generates hydropower, wind power, gas power, district heating and solar power. It is also a player in the international energy markets. The company has 7,000 employees in over 20 countries with their headquarters located in Oslo, Norway.
Tango Live
Tango is a third-party, cross platform messaging application software for smartphones developed by TangoME, Inc. in 2009. The app is free and began as one of the first providers of video calls, texting, photo sharing, and games on a 3G network.

As of 2018, Tango has more than 400 million registered users. It was rated by PCMag as "the simplest mobile chat application out there, with a good range of support."

In 2017, Tango entered the live-streaming space, and has become a B2C platform for Live Video Broadcasts, combining high-quality video streaming, a live messaging chat and a digital economy.

Cross-platform software
Within computing, cross-platform software (also called multi-platform software, platform-agnostic software, or platform-independent software) is computer software that is designed to work in several computing platforms. Some cross-platform software requires a separate build for each platform, but some can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, being written in an interpreted language or compiled to portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all supported platforms.

For example, a cross-platform application may run on Linux, macOS and Microsoft Windows. Cross-platform software may run on many platforms, or as few as two. Some frameworks for cross-platform development are Codename One, ArkUI-X, Kivy, Qt, GTK, Flutter, NativeScript, Xamarin, Apache Cordova, Ionic, and React Native.
2024 Tirreno–Adriatico
The 2024 Tirreno–Adriatico was a road cycling stage race that took place between 4 and 10 March in Italy. It was the 59th edition of the Tirreno–Adriatico and the seventh race of the 2024 UCI World Tour.

Tirreno–Adriatico
Tirreno–Adriatico, nicknamed the "Race of the Two Seas", is an elite road cycling stage race in Italy, run between the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic coasts. Traditionally held in the early part of the season, and usually counter-programmed with the Paris-Nice/'Race to the Sun', it is considered to be an important preparation for the Giro d'Italia. It is part of the UCI World Tour, cycling's highest level of professional men's races.

First held in 1966, the race was held over three stages. Since 2002 it is held over seven stages. Except for the first edition, the last stage has always finished in San Benedetto del Tronto on the Adriatic Seaside. Belgian Roger De Vlaeminck holds the record for most wins with six consecutive victories in the 1970s. Italian Francesco Moser also finished six times on the podium and won the race twice.