hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gmina Niwiska
Gmina Niwiska is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kolbuszowa County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Niwiska, which lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) west of Kolbuszowa and 36 km (22 mi) north-west of the regional capital Rzeszów.

The gmina covers an area of 95.192 square kilometres (36.75 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,780.

Kolbuszowa
Kolbuszowa [kɔlbuˈʂɔva] (Yiddish: קאלבאסאוו) is a small town in south-eastern Poland, with 88911 inhabitants (02.06.2009). 
Situated in the Sandomierz Forest in the Subcarpathian Voivodship, it is the capital of Kolbuszowa County. Kolbuszowa belongs to historic Lesser Poland, near its border with another historic region, Czerwień Cities/Red Ruthenia.
2022 United States Mixed Doubles Curling Championship
The 2022 United States Mixed Doubles Curling Championship was held from March 8 to 13, 2022 at Bob Suter's Capitol Ice Arena in Middleton, Wisconsin. The championship featured twenty-five teams that played in a triple knockout format, which qualified eight teams for the championship round. From there, four teams advanced to the four team page playoff round.

The winning team, Becca and Matt Hamilton, represented the United States at the 2022 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship in Geneva, Switzerland.

Middleton, Wisconsin
Middleton is a city in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 21,827 at the 2020 census. A suburb northwest of Madison, it is part of the Madison metropolitan area. Middleton's motto is "The Good Neighbor City."
John Rogers (archdeacon of Leicester)
The Venerable John Rogers (1648–1715) was an Anglican priest in England.

Rogers was born in London was educated at Merchant Taylors and St John's College, Oxford. He held the livings at Seagrave from 1682; and Archdeacon of Leicester from 1703, holding both positions until his death on 9 May 1715.

Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood
Merchant Taylors' School is an 11–18 boys' public day school, founded in 1561 in London. The school has occupied various campuses. Since 1933 it has been at Sandy Lodge, a 285 acres (115 ha) site close to Northwood in the Three Rivers district of Hertfordshire. The school has 1100 students between the ages of 11 and 18. The school is an all-through school from age 3 to 18 after merging with Northwood Prep School in 2015.

Founded in 1561 by Sir Thomas White, Sir Richard Hilles, Emanuel Lucar and Stephen Hales, it was one of the nine English public schools investigated by the Clarendon Commission set up in 1861, and successfully argued that it should be omitted from the Public Schools Act 1868, as did St Paul's School, London, the other day school investigated by the Clarendon Commission.
Web Index
The Web Index was a composite statistic designed and produced by the World Wide Web Foundation as a pilot project over a three year period. It was the first multi-dimensional measure of the World Wide Web's contribution to development and human rights globally. It covered 86 countries from 2012-2014, with an announcement in November 2015 that the index had finished being compiled. It incorporated indicators that assess the areas of universal access, freedom and openness, relevant content, and empowerment, which indicate economic, social, and political effects of the Web.

World Wide Web Foundation
The World Wide Web Foundation, also known as the Web Foundation, was a US-based international nonprofit organization advocating for a free and open web for everyone. It was cofounded by Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web, and Rosemary Leith. Announced in September 2008 in Washington, D.C., the Web Foundation launched operations in November 2009 at the Internet Governance Forum.

The Web Foundation aims to expand global internet access and ensure the web is a safe, empowering platform for everyone to use freely and beneficially. One of its former board members was Gordon Brown, former prime minister of the United Kingdom.

On 27th September 2024, Tim Berners-Lee announced that the World Wide Web Foundation was shutting down, which was also announced on their home page.
Nina Stemme
Nina Maria Stemme (born Thöldte, 11 May 1963) is a Swedish dramatic soprano opera singer.

Stemme "is regarded by today's opera fans as our era's greatest Wagnerian soprano". In 2010, Michael Kimmelman wrote of one of Stemme's performances in Richard Wagner's opera Die Walküre, "As for Brünnhilde, Nina Stemme sang gloriously. It's hard to recall anyone's sounding more commanding or at ease in the part, and that includes Kirsten Flagstad".

Salzburg Festival
The Salzburg Festival (German: Salzburger Festspiele) is a prominent festival of music and drama established in 1920. It is held each summer, for five weeks starting in late July, in Salzburg, Austria, the birthplace of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Mozart's operas are a focus of the festival; one highlight is the annual performance of Hofmannsthal's play Jedermann (Everyman).

Since 1967, an annual Salzburg Easter Festival has also been held, organized by a separate organization.
Titania McGrath
Titania McGrath (@TitaniaMcGrath) is a parody Twitter account created and run by Andrew Doyle, an Irish comedian  and Spiked columnist. Doyle describes her as "a militant vegan who thinks she is a better poet than William Shakespeare". As of March 2021, the character has more than 600,000 followers. Using this pseudonym, Doyle wrote a book, Woke: A Guide to Social Justice, which was published on 7 March 2019. His second book under the name, My First Little Book of Intersectional Activism, was published in September 2020. He also created a live comedy show featuring Titania (played by Alice Marshall), which debuted at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in August 2019.

Parody account
A parody account is a type of social media user account that portrays a fictionalized and usually comedic parody of a particular individual, personality, or organization, usually either a fictional character, brand, or public or historical figure. They are commonly found on Twitter and other social media platforms. Parody accounts normally satirize the personality of the person or character being mimicked.

Although parody accounts are generally created as jokes and intended as satire, they are sometimes controversially regarded as impersonation. Social media platforms have taken action to restrict parody accounts on their services to avoid confusing users. They have also on occasion been made the target of legal actions.
Kaolack department
Kaolack département is one of the 46 departments of Senegal, located in the Kaolack region.

It contains five communes: Gandiaye, Kahone, Kaolack, Ndoffane, and Sibassor.

Rural districts (communautés rurales) comprise:

Arrondissement of Koumbal:
Keur Baka
Latmingué
Thiaré

Arrondissement of Ndiédieng:
Keur Socé
Ndiaffate
Ndiédieng

Arrondissement of Ngothie:
Dya
Ndiébel
Thiomby

Gandiaye
The town and urban commune of Gandiaye in the Department of Kaolack, central Senegal, lies along National Route 1 about 24 kilometers from Kaolack. It had a population of 18,239 (2023 census) consisting of the Serer, Wolof, Fula, Bambara and Jola) ethnic groups.

The rural towns of Thiomby, le Dya, and Ndiebel are located in the surrounding rural commune of Thiomby. The economy is mainly agricultural, marketing to highway traffic.  Outsiders come to fish in the Saloum River tributaries.

As of 2002 the Mayor of Gandiaye was Dr. El Hadji Gueye.  The area is Muslim, Catholic and adherents to Serer religion. The town has a Muslim and a Catholic cemetery.
Karmaphal Daata Shani
Karmaphal Daata Shani (transl. Shani, the divine judge of deeds) is an Indian dharmic devotional television series, which aired from 7 November 2016 to 9 March 2018 on Colors TV. The series was produced by Swastik Productions of Siddharth Kumar Tewary.

Shani
Shani (Sanskrit: शनि, IAST: Śani), or Shanaishchara (Sanskrit: शनैश्चर, IAST: Śanaiścara), is the divine personification of the planet Saturn in Hinduism, and is one of the nine heavenly objects (Navagraha) in Hindu astrology. Shani is also a male Hindu deity in the Puranas, whose iconography consists of a figure with a dark complexion carrying a sword or danda (sceptre) and sitting on a buffalo or some times on a crow. He is the god of karma, justice, time and retribution, and delivers results depending upon one's thoughts, speech, and deeds. Shani is the controller of longevity, misery, sorrow, old age, discipline, restriction, responsibility, delays, ambition, leadership, authority, humility, integrity, progress, success, health and wisdom born of experience. He also signifies spiritual asceticism, penance, discipline, and conscientious work. He is associated with two consorts: Neela, the personification of the gemstone sapphire, and Manda, a gandharva princess.
Țibleș (Brad)
The Țibleș is a tributary of the river Brad in Romania. It flows into the Brad 9 km east of Groșii Țibleșului. Its length is 7 km (4.3 mi) and its basin size is 16 km2 (6.2 sq mi). Its source is on Mount Țibleș, close to the source of another, larger river also named Țibleș, that flows south to the Someșul Mare.

Someșul Mare
The Someșul Mare (Great Someș, Hungarian: Nagy-Szamos) is a river in north-western Romania, originating in the Bistrița-Năsăud County in the Rodna Mountains at the confluence of two headwaters — the Preluci and the Zmeu. The Someșul Mare flows west through Rodna, Năsăud and Beclean, until it meets the Someșul Mic at Mica, upstream of Dej. Its length is 130 km (81 mi) and its basin size is 5,033 km2 (1,943 sq mi). Downstream from its confluence with the Someșul Mic, the river is called Someș.
Gjon Kastrioti
Gjon Kastrioti[a]  was an Albanian feudal lord from the House of Kastrioti which he led until his death in 1439, and the father of Albanian leader and national hero Gjergj Kastrioti (better known as Skanderbeg). He governed the territory between the Cape of Rodon and Dibër and had at his disposal an army of 2,000 horsemen.

Serbian Despotate
The Serbian Despotate (Serbian: Српска деспотовина / Srpska despotovina) was a medieval Serbian state in the first half of the 15th century. Although the Battle of Kosovo in 1389 is mistakenly considered the end of medieval Serbia, the Despotate, a successor of the Serbian Empire and Moravian Serbia, lasted for another 70 years, experiencing a cultural, economic, and political renaissance, especially during the reign of Despot Stefan Lazarević. After the death of Despot Đurađ Branković in 1456, the Despotate continued to exist for another three years before it finally fell under Ottoman rule in 1459.

After 1459, political traditions of the Serbian Despotate continued to exist in exile, in the medieval Kingdom of Hungary, with several titular despots of Serbia, who were appointed by kings of Hungary. The last titular Despot of Serbia was Pavle Bakić, who fell in the Battle of Gorjani in 1537.
Backstaff
The backstaff is a navigational instrument that was used to measure the altitude of a celestial body, in particular the Sun or Moon. When observing the Sun, users kept the Sun to their back (hence the name) and observed the shadow cast by the upper vane on a horizon vane. It was invented by the English navigator John Davis, who described it in his book Seaman's Secrets in 1594.

Celestial navigation
Celestial navigation, also known as astronavigation, is the practice of position fixing using stars and other celestial bodies that enables a navigator to accurately determine their actual current physical position in space or on the surface of the Earth without relying solely on estimated positional calculations, commonly known as dead reckoning. Celestial navigation is performed without using satellite navigation or other similar modern electronic or digital positioning means.

Celestial navigation uses "sights," or timed angular measurements, taken typically between a celestial body (e.g., the Sun, the Moon, a planet, or a star) and the visible horizon. Celestial navigation can also take advantage of measurements between celestial bodies without reference to the Earth's horizon, such as when the Moon and other selected bodies are used in the practice called "lunars" or the lunar distance method, used for determining precise time when time is unknown.
Mount Balch
Mount Balch (65°16′S 63°59′W﻿ / ﻿65.267°S 63.983°W﻿ / -65.267; -63.983) is an east-west trending mountain with numerous sharp peaks, the highest 1,105 m, between Mount Peary and Mount Mill on Kyiv Peninsula, west coast of Graham Land. It was discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition of 1908–1910 under Charcot and named by him for Edwin Swift Balch, an American author and authority on Antarctic exploration.

Kyiv Peninsula
Kyiv Peninsula (Ukrainian: півострів Київ, IPA: [piˈwɔst⁽ʲ⁾r⁽ʲ⁾iu̯ ˈkɪjiu̯]) is the predominantly ice-covered, oval shaped peninsula projecting 35 km in northwest direction from the west side of Graham Land, Antarctic Peninsula. It is bounded by Flandres Bay to the northeast and Beascochea Bay to the southwest, and separated from Wilhelm Archipelago to the northwest by Lemaire Channel and Penola Strait. The peninsula's north extremity Cape Renard divides Graham Coast to the southwest from Danco Coast to the northeast. Mount Tranchant and Mount Demaria are found on the west coast of the peninsula.
The Courier-Mail
The Courier-Mail is an Australian newspaper published in Brisbane. Owned by News Corp Australia, it is published daily from Monday to Saturday in tabloid format. Its editorial offices are located at Bowen Hills, in Brisbane's inner northern suburbs, and it is printed at Yandina on the Sunshine Coast. It is available for purchase both online and in paper form throughout Queensland and most regions of Northern New South Wales.

John Dunmore Lang
John Dunmore Lang (25 August 1799 – 8 August 1878) was a Scottish-born Australian Presbyterian minister, writer, historian, politician and activist. He was the first prominent advocate of an independent Australian nation and of Australian republicanism.
Rollie Seltz
Rolland John Seltz (January 25, 1924 – October 13, 2022) was an American professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) during its first year of existence. He played 34 games for the Anderson Packers during the 1949–50 season.

1949–50 NBA season
The 1949–50 NBA season was the inaugural season of the National Basketball Association, after the merger of the 3-year-old BAA and 12-year-old NBL. The 1950 NBA playoffs ended with the Minneapolis Lakers winning the NBA Championship, beating the Syracuse Nationals in 6 games in the NBA Finals.

1949–50 is counted as the fourth season in league history, as it recognizes the three BAA seasons (1946–47, 1947–48 and 1948–49) as part of its own history, sometimes without comment. As for the previous 12 seasons involving the NBL, with scant few exceptions involved, the NBA would not recognize the older league's records by comparison, despite it being the more established league of the two by comparison.
Bible study (Christianity)
In Christian communities, Bible study is the study of the Bible by people as a personal religious or spiritual practice. In many Christian traditions, Bible study, coupled with prayer, is known as doing devotions or devotional acts. Many Christian churches schedule time to engage in Bible study collectively. The origin of Bible study groups has its origin in early Christianity, when Church Fathers such as Origen and Jerome taught the Bible extensively to disciple Christians. In Christianity, Bible study has the purpose of "be[ing] taught and nourished by the Word of God" and "being formed and animated by the inspirational power conveyed by Scripture".

Exegesis
Exegesis (/ˌɛksɪˈdʒiːsɪs/ ⓘ EK-sih-JEE-sis; from the Greek ἐξήγησις, from ἐξηγεῖσθαι, "to lead out") is a critical explanation or interpretation of a text. The term is traditionally applied to the interpretation of Biblical works. In modern usage, exegesis can involve critical interpretations of virtually any text, including not just religious texts but also philosophy, literature, or virtually any other genre of writing. The phrase Biblical exegesis can be used to distinguish studies of the Bible from other critical textual explanations.

Textual criticism investigates the history and origins of the text, but exegesis may include the study of the historical and cultural backgrounds of the author, text, and original audience. Other analyses include classification of the type of literary genres presented in the text and analysis of grammatical and syntactical features in the text itself.
Local Route 22 (South Korea)
Local Route 22 Yeosu–Suncheon Line (Korean: 국가지원지방도 제22호선 여수 ~ 순천선) is a local route of South Korea that connecting Sepo 3-IS in Hwayang-myeon, Yeosu, South Jeolla Province to Sungo 5-IS in Jangcheon-dong, Suncheon, South Jeolla Province.

Local highways of South Korea
In South Korea, highways that are managed by the provincial governments are called Local highways (Korean: 지방도; Hanja: 地方道; RR: Jibangdo). Usually route numbers have 2~4 digits; the first digit stands for the main province of its manager.
1956 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship
The 1956 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship was the 35th staging of the All-Ireland Junior Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912.

Cork entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Tipperary in the Munster first round.

The All-Ireland final was played on 30 September 1956 at Eltham Stadium in London, between Kilkenny and London, in what was their first meeting in a final in five years. Kilkenny won the match by 5-02 to 2-08 to claim their fourth championship title overall and a first title since 1951.

1955 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship
The 1955 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship was the 34th staging of the All-Ireland Junior Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912.

Limerick entered the championship as the defending champions.

The All-Ireland final was played on 1 October 1955 at the Athletic Grounds in Cork, between Cork and Warwickshire, in what was their first meeting in the final. Cork won the match by 6–10 to 0–02 to claim their seventh championship title overall and a first title since 1950.
Seven Days in New Crete
Seven Days in New Crete, also known as Watch the North Wind Rise, is a seminal future-utopian / dystopian speculative fiction novel by Robert Graves, first published in 1949. It shares many themes and ideas with Graves' The White Goddess, published a year earlier. Martin Seymour-Smith, Graves's biographer, further suggested it was autobiographical, "telling the essential story of his life between 1929 and 1947".

The White Goddess
The White Goddess: a Historical Grammar of Poetic Myth is a book-length essay on the nature of poetic myth-making by the English writer Robert Graves. First published in 1948, it is based on earlier articles published in Wales magazine; corrected, revised and enlarged editions appeared in 1948, 1952 and 1961.

The White Goddess represents an approach to the study of mythology from a decidedly creative and idiosyncratic perspective. Graves proposes the existence of a European deity, the "White Goddess of Birth, Love and Death", much similar to the Mother Goddess, inspired and represented by the phases of the Moon, who lies behind the faces of the diverse goddesses of various European and pagan mythologies.

Graves argues that true or pure poetry is inextricably linked with the ancient cult-ritual of his proposed White Goddess and her son.
Bible of Francysk Skaryna
The Bible of Francysk Skaryna (Бі́блія Францы́ска Скары́ны) is the first printed East Slavic book, published by Francysk Skaryna in 1517–1519 in Prague in the Belarusian redaction of the Church Slavonic language.

Francysk Skaryna
Francysk Skaryna (alternative transcriptions of his name: Francišak Skaryna or Francisk Skaryna; Latin: Franciscus Scorina, Belarusian: Францыск (Францішак) Скарына [franˈt͡sɨsk skaˈrɨna]; Polish: Franciszek Skaryna, Czech: František Skorina; 1470-1490 – 1551/29 January 1552) was a Belarusian humanist, physician and translator. He is known to be one of the first book printers in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and in all of Eastern Europe, laying the groundwork for the development of the Belarusian izvod of the Church Slavonic language.
Cathedral Church of Saint Michael and All Angels
The Cathedral Church of Saint Michael and All Angels (formerly St. Michael's Parish Church),  is an Anglican church located on St. Michael's Row, two blocks east of National Heroes Square; at the centre of Bridgetown, Barbados. It is the tallest Anglican house of worship in Barbados.

National Heroes Square
National Heroes Square, formerly Trafalgar Square, is located in Bridgetown, the capital and principal commercial centre of the island-nation of Barbados.  The square lies along Upper Broad Street and is on the northern shore of the Careenage ("Constitution River"), found directly in the centre of Bridgetown.
Alexandros Soutzos
Alexandros Soutzos (Greek: Αλέξανδρος Σούτζος, Romanian: Alexandru Suţu, Turkish: Drakozâde Aleko Bey; 1758 – 18/19 January 1821) was a Phanariote Greek who ruled as Prince of Moldavia (July 10, 1801 – October 1, 1802 and Prince of Wallachia (July 2, 1802 – August 30, 1802; August 24, 1806 – October 15, 1806; December 1806;  November 17, 1818 – January 19, 1821). Born in Constantinople, he had earlier been Grand Dragoman of the Ottoman Empire.

Dragoman of the Porte
The Dragoman of the Sublime Porte (Ottoman Turkish: tercümân-ı bâb-ı âlî; Greek: διερμηνέας της Υψηλής Πύλης, romanized: diermineas tis Ypsilis Pylis), Dragoman of the Imperial Council (tercümân-ı dîvân-ı hümâyûn), or simply Grand Dragoman (μέγας διερμηνέας, megas diermineas) or Chief Dragoman (tercümân başı), was the senior interpreter of the Ottoman government—frequently referred to as the "Sublime Porte"—and de facto deputy foreign minister. From the position's inception in 1661 until the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence in 1821, the office was occupied by Phanariotes, and was one of the main pillars of Phanariote power in the Ottoman Empire.
Karen Shelton
Karen Christina Shelton (born November 14, 1957) is an American former field hockey player and coach. Shelton served as head coach of the University of North Carolina's field hockey program from 1981 until her retirement in 2022. She was a member of the U.S. National Team from 1977 to 1984 and a starter on the team that won the bronze medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California. She attended West Chester State (now West Chester University) and was a member of four NCAA championship winning teams (three in field hockey, one in lacrosse). Shelton also qualified for the 1980 Olympic team but did not compete due to the Olympic Committee's boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, Russia. As consolation, she was one of 461 athletes to receive a Congressional Gold Medal many years later.

1980 Summer Olympics boycott
The United States led the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott to protest against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. More than 60 countries joined the boycott to varying degrees, affecting athletes, fans, and international relations. The absence of so many competitors changed the outcomes of some events, led to alternative competitions, and influenced the 1984 Olympics, which the Soviets later boycotted. The Soviet Union, which hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, and its satellite states later boycotted the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.