hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Live Nation (events promoter)
Live Nation is an American events promoter and venue operator based in Beverly Hills, California. Founded  in 1996 by Robert F. X. Sillerman as SFX Entertainment, the company's business was built around consolidating concert promoters into a national entity to counter the oversized influence of ticket behemoth Ticketmaster. In 2000, the company was sold to Clear Channel Communications for $4.4 billion and operated as Clear Channel Entertainment until 2005, when it was spun off as Live Nation. In 2010, Live Nation merged with the ticketing firm Ticketmaster to form a larger conglomerate named Live Nation Entertainment, with both brand names continuing to operate as subsidiaries of Live Nation Entertainment.

Corporate spin-off
A corporate spin-off, also known as a spin-out, starburst or hive-off, is a type of corporate action where a company "splits off" a section as a separate business or creates a second incarnation, even if the first is still active. It is distinct from a sell-off, where a company sells a section to another company or firm in exchange for cash or securities.
Ascidia saccula
Ascidia saccula is a sea squirt in the family Ascidiidae and was first described in 2006 by Patricia Kott, from a specimen (QM G308839) collected at a depth of 6 m from a reef in the Derwent River estuary in Tasmania, Australia.

Ascidiidae
Ascidiidae ("same-sac family") is a family of tunicates in the class Ascidiacea.

Some species contain elevated amounts of vanadium.

There are 4 genera:

Ascidia

Ascidiella

Fimbrora

Phallusia

Psammascidia
Mexico City–Querétaro electric passenger train
The Mexico City–Querétaro electric passenger train (Spanish: Tren Eléctrico de Pasajeros México–Querétaro) was a passenger train that provided services in central Mexico. During its 2 years of existence (1994-96), it was operated by Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México.

Overhead line
An overhead line or overhead wire is an electrical cable that is used to transmit electrical energy to electric locomotives, electric multiple units, trolleybuses or trams. The generic term used by the International Union of Railways for the technology is overhead line. It is known variously as overhead catenary, overhead contact line (OCL), overhead contact system (OCS), overhead equipment (OHE), overhead line equipment (OLE or OHLE), overhead lines (OHL), overhead wiring (OHW), traction wire, and trolley wire.

An overhead line consists of one or more wires (or rails, particularly in tunnels) situated over rail tracks, raised to a high electrical potential by connection to feeder stations at regularly spaced intervals along the track. The feeder stations are usually fed from a high-voltage electrical grid.
Ernst Thälmann (TV series)
Ernst Thälmann is a two-part television miniseries by DEFA. It was first broadcast on 7 February 1986 on GDR television, DFF. It is on the life of German Communist leader, Ernst Thälmann (who during the Weimar Republic was the head of the ticket for the Communist Party of Germany, and was executed on Adolf Hitler's order, 1944).

Deutscher Fernsehfunk
Deutscher Fernsehfunk (DFF; German for "German Television Broadcasting") was the state television broadcaster in the German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany) from 1952 to 1991.

DFF produced free-to-air terrestrial television programming approved by the ruling Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) and broadcast to audiences in East Germany and parts of West Germany. DFF served as the main televised propaganda outlet of the SED with censored political and non-political programmes featuring bias towards the Marxist–Leninist ideology of the Eastern Bloc. DFF was known as Fernsehen der DDR (DDR-FS; "GDR Television" or "Television of [the] GDR") from 1972 until German reunification in 1990, and DFF assets were replaced by the West German network before it was dissolved on 31 December 1991.
Kosmos 1382
Kosmos 1382 (Russian: Космос 1382 meaning Cosmos 1382) was a Soviet US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1982 as part of the Soviet military's Oko programme. The satellite was designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 1382 was launched from Site 43/3 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 02:28 UTC on 25 June 1982. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1982-064A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 13295.

US-K
Upravlyaemy Sputnik Kontinentalny (US-K; Russian: Управляемый Спутник Континентальный meaning Continental Controllable Satellite; Russian: УС-К) is a series of Russian, previously Soviet, satellites used to detect missile launches as part of the Oko system. It consists of a constellation of satellites, usually in molniya orbits, designated under the Kosmos system. The satellites are built by the company NPO Lavochkin and are launched on Molniya-M rockets. Oko can be directly translated as the Russian word for eye.  As of June 2014, only two of the eight satellites in orbit were still functional, rendering the system inoperable.
The Demolished Man
The Demolished Man is a science fiction novel by American writer Alfred Bester, which won the first Hugo Award in 1953. An inverted detective story, the novel was first serialized in three parts, beginning with the January 1952 issue of Galaxy Science Fiction magazine, followed by publication of the novel in 1953. The novel is dedicated to Galaxy's editor, H. L. Gold, who offered suggestions during its writing. Bester's original title was Demolition!, but Gold persuaded him to change it.

Telepathy
Telepathy (from Ancient Greek  τῆλε (têle) 'distant' and  πάθος/-πάθεια (páthos/-pátheia) 'feeling, perception, passion, affliction, experience') is the purported vicarious transmission of information from one person's mind to another's without using any known human sensory channels or physical interaction. The term was first coined in 1882 by the classical scholar Frederic W. H. Myers, a founder of the Society for Psychical Research (SPR), and has remained more popular than the earlier expression thought-transference.

Telepathy experiments have historically been criticized for a lack of proper controls and repeatability. There is no good evidence that telepathy exists, and the topic is generally considered by the scientific community to be pseudoscience. Telepathy is a common theme in science fiction.
Bárbara do Firmino
Barbara Carvalho da Silveira Soares Macêdo (born 10 November 1994), better known as Bárbara do Firmino, is a Brazilian politician serving as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Piauí since 2023. She is the daughter of Firmino Filho and Lucy Soares.

Firmino Filho
Firmino da Silveira Soares Filho (16 December 1963 – 6 April 2021) was a Brazilian economist and politician. A member of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party, he served as Mayor of Teresina from 1997 to 2004 and again from 2013 to 2020. With three terms, he matched the amount of his predecessor, Raimundo Wall Ferraz. He also served on the Legislative Assembly of Piauí.
Zindagi (TV channel)
Zee Zindagi (also known as Zindagi TV) is an Indian general entertainment channel, owned by the Zee Entertainment Enterprises (ZEEL). It also promoted itself as a television channel broadcasting short-run programming and as India's new Hindi entertainment channel, rather than on-going, indefinite serials.

It has syndicated content from various countries including Brazil, Pakistan, South Korea, Turkey and Ukraine. It launched on 23 June 2014, ZEEL invested ₹100 crores to launch the network. Zindagi's shows Dhoop Ki Deewar and Qatil Haseenaon Ke Naam won big at Promax 2022 Awards.

Zee Entertainment Enterprises
Zee Entertainment Enterprises Limited (ZEEL) (formerly Zee Telefilms) is an Indian media conglomerate. Headquartered in Mumbai, it has interests in television, print, internet, film, and businesses related to mobile content, and operates 35 channels worldwide.
Bertrand–Diguet–Puiseux theorem
In the mathematical study of the differential geometry of surfaces, the Bertrand–Diguet–Puiseux theorem expresses the Gaussian curvature of a surface in terms of the circumference of a geodesic circle, or the area of a geodesic disc.  The theorem is named for Joseph Bertrand, Victor Puiseux, and Charles François Diguet.

Let p be a point on a smooth surface M. The geodesic circle of radius r centered at p is the set of all points whose geodesic distance from p is equal to r. Let C(r) denote the circumference of this circle, and A(r) denote the area of the disc contained within the circle.  The Bertrand–Diguet–Puiseux theorem asserts that

The theorem is closely related to the Gauss–Bonnet theorem.

Gaussian curvature
In differential geometry, the Gaussian curvature or Gauss curvature (symbol Κ, named after Carl Friedrich Gauss) of a smooth surface in three-dimensional space at a point is the product of the two principal curvatures, κ1 and κ2, at the given point:

For example, a sphere of radius r has Gaussian curvature ⁠1/r2⁠ everywhere, and a flat plane and a cylinder have Gaussian curvature zero everywhere. The Gaussian curvature can also be negative, as in the case of a hyperboloid or the inside of a torus.

Gaussian curvature is an intrinsic measure of curvature, meaning that it could in principle be measured by a 2-dimensional being living entirely within the surface, because it depends only on distances that are measured “within” or along the surface, not on the way it is isometrically embedded in Euclidean space. This is the content of the Theorema Egregium, published by Gauss in 1827.
Steven C. Oaks
Steven C. Oaks (born 1938) is an American politician who served as secretary of state of Texas from 1977 to 1979.

Oaks was born in Oakland, California in 1938. He attended the College of William & Mary and the University of Texas.

Oaks was a Harris County party chairman for three years.

Secretary of State of Texas
The secretary of state of Texas is one of the six members of the executive department of the State of Texas in the United States. Under the Constitution of Texas, the appointment is made by the governor of Texas, with confirmation by the Texas Senate.

The officeholder is the chief elections officer, the protocol officer for state and international matters, as well as the liaison for the governor on Mexican and border matters.

The secretary of state offices are in the James Earl Rudder State Office Building at 1019 Brazos Street in Austin; the main building handles business and public filings, statutory documents, administrative code open meetings and the UCC. The secretary of state elections office is on the second floor of the James Earl Rudder Building. The executive offices are in Room 1E.8 in the Texas State Capitol.
Tourmaline
Tourmaline (/ˈtʊərməlɪn, -ˌliːn/ ⓘ TOOR-mə-lin, -⁠leen) is a crystalline silicate mineral group in which boron is compounded with elements such as aluminium, iron, magnesium, sodium, lithium, or potassium. This gemstone comes in a wide variety of colors.

The name is derived from the Sinhalese tōramalli (ටෝරමල්ලි), which refers to the carnelian gemstones.

Elba
Elba (Italian: isola d'Elba, pronounced [ˈiːzola ˈdelba]; Latin: Ilva) is a Mediterranean island in Tuscany, Italy, 10 km (6.2 mi) from the coastal town of Piombino on the Italian mainland, and the largest island of the Tuscan Archipelago. It is also part of the Arcipelago Toscano National Park, and the third largest island in Italy, after Sicily and Sardinia. It is located in the Tyrrhenian Sea about 50 km (30 mi) east of the French island of Corsica.

The island is part of the province of Livorno and is divided into seven municipalities, with a total population of about 30,000 inhabitants which increases considerably during the summer. The municipalities are Portoferraio (which is also the island's principal town), Campo nell'Elba, Capoliveri, Marciana, Marciana Marina, Porto Azzurro, and Rio.

It is famous for being the site of Napoleon's first exile, from 1814 to 1815.
Optical Society (London)
The Optical Society was a scientific society founded in London in 1899, which published Transactions of the Optical Society.

The Optical Society was founded on 26 October 1899. The first president was W.H.E. Thornthwaite. The founders included Charles Algernon Parsons and Frank Twyman. Its meetings were mostly held at Imperial College London.

In 1932 it merged with the Physical Society of London, becoming the Optical Group of the Physical Society, and later the Optical Group of the Institute of Physics. The Optical Group is a member of the European Optical Society.

European Optical Society
The European Optical Society (EOS) is a European organisation for the development of the science of optics, founded in 1991. Membership is open to national optical societies, individuals, companies, organisations, educational institutions, and learned and professional societies. EOS runs international conferences, lobbies  for optical science at European level, offers a focus for collecting and disseminating knowledge in the field, and publishes the online Journal of the European Optical Society: Rapid Publications (JEOS:RP).
Battle of Čokešina
The Battle of Čokešina (Serbian: Битка код Чокешине), also referred to as the "Serbian Thermopylae", was fought on Lazarus Saturday, 28 April 1804, by an outnumbered Serbian insurgent army made up of 300 hajduks under the command of the Nedić brothers against the Dahije (renegade Janissaries) who were supported by Ottoman Bosnian troops. It took place near the Monastery of Čokešina, not far from Loznica. The small Serbian force was eventually defeated after a day of fierce fighting; the death of almost all the insurgents resulted from the battle. Its aim of preventing the siege of the Ottomans at Šabac being broken by relieving Bosnian–Ottoman troops was nevertheless achieved.

Loznica
Loznica (Serbian Cyrillic: Лозница, pronounced [lǒznitsa]) is a city located in the Mačva District of western Serbia, on the right bank of the Drina river. In 2022 the city had a total population of 19,515, while the administrative area had a population of 72,062.

Its name stems from the word "loza" (the Serbian word for vine). Originally, its name was Lozica (Serbian for small vine), but it later became Loznica.
Alexandrov Ensemble choir
The Alexandrov Ensemble choir (established Moscow 1926) is the choir of the Alexandrov Ensemble.

It has for most of its history been a male-voice choir of tenors and basses, based in Moscow and directed and conducted by Alexander V. Alexandrov from 1926 to 1946, by his son Boris A. Alexandrov from 1946 to 1987, and by various directors up to the present. It has always consisted of Soviet and then Russian Red Army personnel, and has been held to represent that army at home and abroad. Since the 1990s, female army personnel have occasionally been included in the choir as sopranos. Since 2007 boy sopranos and altos from the associated choir school have joined the choir for some of the time.

On December 25, 2016, a plane containing 92 people, including over 60 members of the choir, crashed while en route to Latakia, Syria.

2016 Russian Defence Ministry Tupolev Tu-154 crash
On 25 December 2016, a Tupolev Tu-154 jetliner of the Russian Defence Ministry crashed into the Black Sea shortly after taking off from Sochi International Airport, Russia, while en route to Khmeimim Air Base, Syria, during the Russian military intervention in the war in Syria. All 92 passengers and crew on board, including 64 members of the Alexandrov Ensemble choir of the Russian Armed Forces, were killed. The aircraft had flown from Chkalovsky Airport and had landed at Sochi to refuel.
Chaetopelma altugkadirorum
Chaetopelma altugkadirorum is a small, Old World tarantula. This species is found in the Eastern Mediterranean, in border area of Turkey and Syria. The species closely resembles Chaetopelma olivaceum a widespread species in the region. It was first described by British arachnologists Richard C. Gallon, Ray Gabriel, and Guy Tansley in 2012. With the description of this new species the genus Chaetopelma now comprises eight species.

Tarantula
Tarantulas are a group of large and often hairy spiders of the family Theraphosidae. More than a thousand species have been identified, within almost 200 genera. The term "tarantula" is usually used to describe members of the family Theraphosidae, although many other members of the same infraorder (Mygalomorphae) are commonly referred to as "tarantulas" or "false tarantulas".  Some of the more common species have become popular in the exotic pet trade. Many New World species kept as pets have setae known as urticating hairs that can cause irritation to the skin, and in extreme cases, cause damage to the eyes.
Grigori Marchenko
Grigory Alexandrovich Marchenko (or Grigori Alexandrovich Marchenko (Russian: Григорий Александрович Марченко); born December 26, 1959) is a Kazakhstani financier, banker and politician.

Marchenko was the chairman of the executive board and CEO of Halyk Bank. He served as the first deputy prime minister of Kazakhstan in 2004. He is the honorary consul of the Singaporean Government to the Kazakh government since November 3, 2006 as well as the honorary consul of the Kingdom of Spain in Almaty.

He won Euromoney's 2003 Central Bank Governor of the year award. He also was chosen as the Best financier of the year ("the Choice of 2000 of the Republic of Kazakhstan", "the Choice of 2005 of the Republic of Kazakhstan"). He was awarded with a breastplate "Honoured Employee of the National Bank of Kazakhstan" in 2012.

He was twice the chairman of the National Bank of the Republic Kazakhstan: from 1999 to 2004 and from 2009 to 2013.

First Deputy Prime Minister of Kazakhstan
The first deputy prime minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасы Премьер-Министрінің бірінші орынбасары, romanized: Qazaqstan Respublikasy Premer-Ministrınıñ bırınşı orynbasary;; Russian: Первый заместитель Премьер-Министра Республики Казахстан) is a member of the Government of Kazakhstan. Similar to the deputy prime minister, the first deputy is responsible for implementing policies established by the prime minister. However, the first deputy holds a higher-ranking position and assumes a more prominent role, particularly in the event that the prime minister is unable to perform their duties. The post is appointed by the president of Kazakhstan.
Joan Villadelprat
Joan Villadelprat i Bernal (born 15 November 1955) is the principal of the Spanish race team Epsilon Euskadi. He worked for McLaren, Ferrari and Tyrrell Racing before joining Benetton Formula. He was formerly Operations Director and Team Manager at Benetton Formula until 1999, he then worked for Prost Grand Prix as managing director. After the closure of Prost Grand Prix he left Formula 1.

Benetton Formula
Benetton Formula Limited., commonly referred to simply as Benetton, was a Formula One constructor that participated from 1986 to 2001. The team was owned by the Benetton family who run a worldwide chain of clothing stores. In 2000, the team was purchased by Renault, but competed as Benetton for the 2000 and 2001 seasons. In 2002, the team became Renault. The Benetton Formula team was chaired by Alessandro Benetton from 1988 to 1998.
Brava Creole
Brava Creole is the name given to the variant of Cape Verdean Creole spoken mainly in the Brava Island of Cape Verde. It belongs to the Sotavento Creoles branch. The speakers of this form of Capeverdean Creole are 8,000 (1.36% of the national population). One of the least spoken being seventh place and one of the firsts to have written literature, in which Eugénio Tavares wrote some of his poems.

Brava, Cape Verde
Brava (Portuguese for 'wild') is an island in Cape Verde, and is part of the Sotavento group, in the central Atlantic Ocean. At 62.5 km2 (24.1 sq mi), it is the smallest inhabited island of the Cape Verde archipelago, but at the same time the greenest. First settled in the early 16th century, its population grew after Mount Fogo on neighbouring Fogo erupted in 1680. For more than a century, its main industry was whaling, but the island economy is now primarily agricultural.
Bureau of Diplomatic Security
The Bureau of Diplomatic Security, commonly known as Diplomatic Security (DS), is the security branch of the United States Department of State. It conducts international investigations, threat analysis, cyber security, counterterrorism, and protection of people, property, and information. Its mission is to provide a safe and secure environment for officials to execute the foreign policy of the United States.

Regional Security Office
A Regional Security Office is the office at a U.S. Embassy or Consulate that oversees all functions of security. It is headed by a special agent of the U.S. Diplomatic Security Service (DSS) who has the title of Regional Security Officer (RSO).

The employees of a Regional Security Office are responsible for the safety and security of all Americans at post. This includes managing security for official buildings, as well as residences.
USNS Pecos
USNS Pecos (T-AO-197) is a Henry J. Kaiser-class underway replenishment oiler operated by the Military Sealift Command to support ships of the United States Navy, and the third such ship to be named after the Pecos River.

Pecos, the eleventh Henry J. Kaiser-class ship, was laid down on 17 February 1988 at Avondale Shipyards in New Orleans, Louisiana, and launched on 23 September 1989. She was delivered to the Navy and placed in non-commissioned service with a primarily civilian crew under the control of the Military Sealift Command on 6 July 1990. The ship is equipped with a helicopter platform to allow for at-sea transfer of personnel and supplies.

Pecos is part of the MSC Naval Auxiliary Force, MSC Pacific, in the United States Pacific Fleet, and has received the National Defense Service Medal, the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal twice, and the Southwest Asia Service Medal.

Henry J. Kaiser-class replenishment oiler
The Henry J. Kaiser class is an American class of eighteen fleet replenishment oilers which began construction in August 1984. The class comprises fifteen oilers which are operated by Military Sealift Command to provide underway replenishment of fuel to United States Navy combat ships and jet fuel for aircraft aboard aircraft carriers at sea.

Twelve of the Kaisers are not double-hulled like most modern tankers. The class will be replaced by the John Lewis-class replenishment oiler.

One ship, operated by the United States from 1987 to 1996, was sold to Chile in 2009 and commissioned into the Chilean Navy in 2010. Two ships were scrapped in 2011 while still incomplete.
Patrick Magee (Irish republican)
Patrick Joseph Magee (born 1951), often referred to as the Brighton bomber, is a former Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) volunteer. In 1984 he planted a bomb in the Grand Hotel, Brighton, targeting Margaret Thatcher, the Prime Minister, and her Cabinet; the bomb killed five people.

HM Prison Maze
HM Prison Maze (previously Long Kesh Detention Centre, and known colloquially as the Maze or H-Blocks) was a prison and internment camp in Northern Ireland that was used to house paramilitary prisoners during the Troubles from August 1971 to September 2000. On 15 October 1974 Irish Republican internees burned 21 of the compounds used to house the internees thereby destroying much of Long Kesh.

The prison was situated at the former Royal Air Force station of Long Kesh, on the outskirts of Lisburn. This was in the townland of Maze, about nine miles (14 km) southwest of Belfast. The prison and its inmates were involved in such events as the 1981 hunger strike. The prison was closed in 2000 and demolition began on 30 October 2006, but on 18 April 2013 it was announced by the Northern Ireland Executive that the remaining buildings would be redeveloped into a peace centre. However, these plans were later abandoned.