hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sir Thomas Gower, 1st Baronet
Sir Thomas Gower, 1st Baronet (1584–1651) was an English nobleman, politician, and knight. He was an early member of the Leveson-Gower family. He was knighted by James I and was created a baronet on 2 June 1620. In 1620 he was High Sheriff of Yorkshire.

Leveson-Gower family
Leveson-Gower (/ˈluːsənˈɡɔːr/ LOOS-ən-GOR;), also Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, is the name of a historically prominent British noble family. Over time, several members of the Leveson-Gower family were made knights, baronets and peers. Hereditary titles held by the family include the dukedom of Sutherland, as well as the
ancient earldom of Sutherland (created c. 1230) and the earldom of Granville (created 1833). Several other members of the family have also risen to prominence.
World's Ultimate Strongman
World's Ultimate Strongman was an annual strongman competition which was held from 2018 to 2021 with the participation of top strongmen from all over the world, determining who is the strongest man in the world. The event was noted for its brute-strength-centricity and expanded the sport to a wider audience outside of Europe and USA. It also introduced the 'feats of strength' series in 2020, ensuring the continuous expansion of the sport during the Covid-19 pandemic. The competition had a number of rival and parallel competitions, including the World's Strongest Man, the Arnold Strongman Classic, Rogue Invitational, Strongest Man on Earth and the Giants Live Tour.

World's Strongest Man
The World's Strongest Man is an international strongman competition held every year. Organized by American event management company IMG, a subsidiary of Endeavor, it is broadcast in the US during summers and in the UK around the end of December each year. Competitors qualify based on placing in the top three at the four to eight Giants Live events each year. The current event sponsor is SBD Apparel.

The competition has been won by 25 men representing 14 nationalities. Three of the past champions Bill Kazmaier, Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson and Brian Shaw have been inducted into the International Sports Hall of Fame.
Metal theft
Metal theft is "the theft of items for the value of their constituent metals". It usually increases when worldwide prices for scrap metal rise, as has happened dramatically due to rapid industrialization in India and China. Apart from precious metals like gold and silver, the metals most commonly stolen are non-ferrous metals such as copper, aluminium, brass, and bronze. However, even cast iron and steel are seeing higher rates of theft due to increased scrap metal prices.

One defining characteristic of metal theft is the motivation. Whereas other items are generally stolen for their extrinsic value, items involved in metal theft are stolen for their intrinsic value as raw material or commodities. Thefts often have negative consequences much greater than the value of the metal stolen, such as the destruction of valuable statues, power interruptions, and the disruption of railway traffic, or the thieves in question becoming a path to ground, resulting in electrocution.

South African rand
The South African rand, or simply the rand, (sign: R; code: ZAR) is the official currency of South Africa. It is subdivided into 100 cents (sign: "c"), and a comma separates the rand and cents.

The South African rand is legal tender in the Common Monetary Area member states of Namibia, Lesotho, and Eswatini, with these three countries also having national currencies (the dollar, the loti, and the lilangeni respectively) pegged with the rand at parity and still widely accepted as substitutes. The rand was also legal tender in Botswana until 1976, when the pula replaced the rand at par.

The rand is legal tender in Zimbabwe as part of its multiple currency system, which also includes other currencies such as the euro, the pound sterling, the US dollar, and the Zimbabwean ZiG.
Nicolai Verlag
The Nicolai Verlag is one of the oldest surviving book publishers in Germany. It was founded in Berlin in 1713 by Christoph Gottlieb Nicolai (died 1752) as the Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung. Until the end of the 19th century, it was based in the Nicolaihaus building at 13 Brüderstraße. Initially, texts were published about religion, medicine, and jurisprudence, but also school books.

From 1965 to 1995, the publisher Dieter Beuermann owned the publishing house. In 1995, Nicolai Verlag was sold to Verlagsgruppe Georg von Holtzbrinck, at times being a subsidiary of the S. Fischer Verlag. In 2004, it was taken over by the publisher Andreas von Stedman. In February 2016, the former MTV boss Christiane zu Salm bought the publishing house.

Holtzbrinck Publishing Group
Holtzbrinck Publishing Group (German: Verlagsgruppe Georg von Holtzbrinck) is a German publishing company headquartered in Stuttgart, that owns publishing companies worldwide. Through Macmillan Publishers, it owns one of the Big Five English-language publishing companies.

In 2015, it merged most of its Macmillan Science and Education unit (including Nature Publishing Group) with Springer Science+Business Media, creating the company Springer Nature. Holtzbrinck owns 53% of the combined company.
North Gibson School Corporation
The North Gibson School Corporation is the second largest of the three public school governing institutions in Gibson County, Indiana, United States as well as one of the twenty largest in enrollment in Southwestern Indiana. The NGSC is responsible for a district including three townships of northern and northeastern Gibson County; Patoka, Washington, and White River. However, the Gibson-Pike-Warrick Special Education Cooperative sends the majority of the special needs students from Pike and Gibson Counties to Princeton Community High School, the high school of the district.

Pike County, Indiana
Pike County is a county in the southwest portion of the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 12,250. The county seat is Petersburg. It contains the geographic point representing median center of US population in 2010.
Horsell Common
Horsell Common is a 355-hectare (880-acre) open space in Horsell, near Woking in Surrey. It is owned and managed by the Horsell Common Preservation Society. An area of 152 hectares (380 acres) is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest and part of the Thames Basin Heaths Special Protection Area.

In the south-east corner of the common is the former Muslim Burial Ground, now an Islamic Peace Garden. There are Bronze Age barrows, protected heathland and thousands of trees. There are parts of the common all over Horsell, isolated from the rest of the common by roads. There is a large amount of wildlife on the common.

The Sandpit (51°20′12″N 0°33′04″W﻿ / ﻿51.3366°N 0.5512°W﻿ / 51.3366; -0.5512) was the location of the first Martian landing in the H. G. Wells novel The War of the Worlds (1897).

Martian (The War of the Worlds)
The Martians, also known as the Invaders, are the main antagonists from the H.G. Wells 1898 novel The War of the Worlds. Their efforts to exterminate the populace of the Earth and claim the planet for themselves drive the plot and present challenges for the novel's human characters. They are notable for their use of extraterrestrial weaponry far in advance of that of mankind at the time of the invasion.
Debbie Ford (cricketer)
Deborah Lee "Debbie" Ford (née Murray, born 5 February 1965) is a New Zealand former cricketer who played primarily as a left-handed batter. She appeared in 3 One Day Internationals for New Zealand, all at the 1988 World Cup.

Ford was born in Christchurch. In New Zealand's domestic competitions, she played for Southern Districts and Canterbury. Ford made her international debut at the 1988 World Cup in Australia, appearing in three of her team's nine matches. She debuted against England in New Zealand's second match of the tournament, coming in sixth in the batting order and making 11 runs. She did not re-appear until New Zealand's sixth match of the tournament, against Ireland. In that game, she opened the batting with Jackie Clark and made 35 runs, putting on a 131-run partnership for the opening wicket. Ford's only other game in the tournament was also against Ireland, in the third-place play-off. She neither batted nor bowled.

New Zealand women's national rugby union team
The New Zealand women's rugby union team, called the Black Ferns (Māori: Rarauhe Pango [ɾaɾaʉhɛ paŋɔ]), represents New Zealand (excluding Hawke's Bay and North Harbour provinces) in women's international rugby union, which is the country's national sport. The team has won six out of ten Women's Rugby World Cup tournaments.

They have an 82 percent winning record in Test Match rugby, (updated 27 September 2025). Since their official international debut in 1991, the Black Ferns have lost to only five of the sixteen nations they have played against — Canada, England, France, Ireland and the United States. The team performs a haka before every match; this is a Māori challenge or posture dance. Traditionally the Black Ferns use the haka Ko Uhia Mai.
Algerian People's National Army
The People's National Army (PNA) (Arabic: الجيش الوطني الشعبي الجزائري, romanized: al-Jaysh al-Waṭanī al-Shaʿbī al-Jazāʾirī) is the military of the Algerian republic. It is the direct successor of the National Liberation Army (ALN), the armed wing of the nationalist National Liberation Front (FLN), which fought French colonial rule during the Algerian War of Independence (1954–1962).

The People's National Army include the Algerian Land Forces, the Algerian Air Force, the Navy, and the Algerian Air Defence Force. The antecedents of the army were the conventional military units formed in neighbouring Morocco and Tunisia during the war of independence from France.

Chadli Bendjedid
Chadli Bendjedid  (Arabic: الشاذلي بن جديد‎; ALA-LC: ash-Shādhilī bin Jadīd; 14 April 1929 – 6 October 2012) was an Algerian military officer and politician who served as the third President of Algeria. His presidential term of office ran from 9 February 1979 to 11 January 1992.

A combatant during the Algerian War, he was a member of the Revolutionary Council from 1965 to 1976 and was appointed Colonel in 1969.

He was appointed Secretary General of the National Liberation Front (FLN) in January 1979 and was elected president the following month. Bendjedid would win re-elections without competition in 1984 and 1989. He resigned from the presidency in January 1992 following a disputed election and military coup, leading to the Algerian Civil War.

He remained under house arrest until 1999 and died of cancer in 2012 at the age of 83.
Turret deck ship
A turret deck ship is a type of merchant ship with an unusual hull, designed and built in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The hulls of turret deck vessels were rounded and stepped inward above their waterlines. This gave some advantages in strength and allowed them to pay lower canal tolls under tonnage measurement rules then in effect. The type ceased to be built after those rules changed. The last turret deck ship in existence was scrapped in 1960.

Waterline
The waterline is the line where the hull of a ship meets the surface of the water.

A waterline can also refer to any line on a ship's hull that is parallel to the water's surface when the ship is afloat in a level trimmed position. Hence, waterlines are a class of "ships lines" used to denote the shape of a hull in naval architecture lines plans.

The load line (also known as Plimsoll line) is the waterline which indicates the legal limit to which a ship may be loaded for specific water types and temperatures in order to safely maintain buoyancy.

For vessels with displacement hulls, the hull speed is defined by, among other things, the waterline length. In a sailing boat, the waterline length can change significantly as the boat heels, and can dynamically affect the speed of the boat.
Chaka Pilgrim
Chaka Pilgrim is a music industry executive who is most well known as the former president of Roc Nation Records. Roc Nation consists of both management and label clients, many of whom Pilgrim has helped from the beginning of their careers. Some of the notable artists she has worked with include Big Sean, Rihanna, Kanye West, J. Cole, Jay Electronica, Meek Mill, and Jay-Z. Besides being a veteran music executive, Pilgrim has also been a key player in TV and film. Early in her career, she served as a producer for many well-known classic African-American movies, such as Streets is Watching, State Property and Paid in Full.

In the past, Pilgrim has held positions at Roc-A-Fella Records, Island Def Jam, Atlantic Records, and Virgin Records. She also serves as an independent marketing consultant at her company, Chakaworks. As of 2018, Pilgrim is the head of film and television for Shawn Carter Enterprises.

Roc-A-Fella Records
Roc-A-Fella Records was an American record label and music management company founded in 1994 by record executives and entrepreneurs Damon Dash, Shawn "Jay-Z" Carter, and Kareem "Biggs" Burke. Carter issued his debut album, Reasonable Doubt (1996), as the label's first release, in a joint venture with Priority Records. The label signed and released albums for acts including Kanye West, Memphis Bleek, Jadakiss, DJ Clue?, State Property, and The Diplomats before its dissolution in 2013.
Xihu Subdistrict
Xihu Subdistrict (Chinese: 西湖街道; pinyin: Xīhú Jiēdào) is a subdistrict of Yuelu District in Changsha, Hunan, China. It was formed in 1998. The subdistrict has an area of about 10 square kilometres (3.9 sq mi) with a population of about 46,000. The subdistrict has eight communities and two villages under its jurisdiction.

Yuelu, Changsha
Yuelu District (simplified Chinese: 岳麓区; traditional Chinese: 嶽麓區; pinyin: Yuèlù qū) is one of six urban districts and the municipal seat of the prefecture-level city of Changsha, the capital of Hunan Province, China. It is the 4th most populous district (after Heshan, Dingcheng and Yueyanglou Districts) in Hunan. The district is bordered to the north by Wangcheng District, to the west by Ningxiang County, to the south by Yuhu District of Xiangtan City, across the Xiang river to the west by Tianxin, Furong and Kaifu Districts. Located on the west bank of the Xiang River, as the western part of the City proper, the district is named after Mount Yuelu, one of the national parks, Yuelu District covers 538.83 km2 (208.04 sq mi) with registered population of 644,834 and resident population of 818,900 (as of 2014). The district has 16 subdistricts and 2 towns under its jurisdiction, with its administrative centre at Wangyue (望岳街道).
Committee for the Five Northern Korean Provinces
The Committee for the Five Northern Korean Provinces (Korean: 이북5도위원회; literally "The North's Five Provinces Committee") is a South Korean government body which is de jure responsible for governing the provinces controlled by North Korea, and de facto responsible for providing support to North Korean defectors living in South Korea.

Nampo
Nampo (North Korean official spelling: Nampho; pronounced [nam.pʰo]), also spelled Namp'o, is a major city in North Korea which is the country's fourth-largest by population. The city is an important seaport in the country as it lies on the northern shore of the Taedong River estuary, 15 km east of the estuary's mouth. Formerly known as Chinnamp'o, it was a provincial-level "Directly Governed City" ("Chikhalsi") from 1980 to 2004, and was designated a "Special City" ("T'ŭkpyŏlsi", 특별시; 特別市) in 2010. Nampo is approximately 50 km southwest of Pyongyang, at the mouth of the Taedong River. Since North Korean independence, the city has developed a wide range of industry and has seen significant recent redevelopment.
Pedri
Pedro González López (born 25 November 2002), more commonly known as Pedri, is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for La Liga club Barcelona and the Spain national team. Considered one of the best midfielders in the world, he is known for his ball control, dribbling, passing and playmaking.

Golden Boy (award)
The Golden Boy is an award established by Italian sports newspaper Tuttosport, that is given by sports journalists to a young male footballer playing in Europe perceived to have been the most impressive during a calendar year (two halves to two separate seasons). All nominees must be under the age of 21 and play in a European nation's top tier. Apart from the main award, an additional one, Golden Boy Web, is decided by online users.

Lionel Messi is the only player to have won both the prestigious Golden Boy award and the Ballon d'Or. He received the Golden Boy in 2005 at the age of 18 years and 173 days, and remained the youngest winner until Gavi won the award in 2022 at 18 years and 77 days. The current youngest winner is Lamine Yamal, who claimed the award in 2024 at the age of 17 years and 137 days.
Myoglossata
Myoglossata is a clade within suborder Glossata within order Lepidoptera, the butterflies and moths. It contains the family Neopseustidae and the clade Neolepidoptera. Myoglossata is considered a clade, that is, a group of organisms made up of a single common ancestor and all of its descendants. They are distinguished by "intrinsic mouthparts". These added intrinsic galeal muscles are unique to the Myoglossata and developed after the galeae changed to form sucking parts.

Glossata
Glossata (Fabricius, 1775) is a suborder of the Lepidoptera, containing all members that have a coilable proboscis; i.e., it includes all butterflies and the vast majority of moth species. The only non-Glossatan moths are in the suborders Aglossata, Heterobathmiina, and Zeugloptera.
Douglas Chandler
Douglas Chandler (May 26, 1889 – after 1970s) was an American broadcaster of Nazi propaganda during World War II. He was convicted of treason and sentenced to life imprisonment in 1947 but was released in 1963.

Federal Correctional Institution, Lewisburg
The Federal Correctional Institution, Lewisburg (FCI Lewisburg) is a medium-security United States federal prison in Kelly Township, Pennsylvania, for male inmates. It is operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons, a division of the United States Department of Justice. An adjacent satellite prison camp houses minimum-security male offenders.
Walther Stampfli
Walther Stampfli (3 December 1884 in Büren, Solothurn – 11 October 1965) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1940–1947).

He was elected to the Federal Council on 18 July 1940 and handed over office on 31 December 1947. He was affiliated to the Free Democratic Party (FDP/PRD).

During his time in office he was in charge of the Federal Department of Economic Affairs and was President of the Confederation in 1944.

Between 1921 and 1940, he worked in the management of Ludwig von Rollschen Eisenwerke. In 1922, he presided the parliament of the Canton of Solothurn. Between 1930 and 1940, Stampfli was a member of the Swiss National Council.

Stampfli was a citizen of Aeschi.

National Council (Switzerland)
The National Council (German: Nationalrat; French: Conseil national; Italian: Consiglio nazionale; Romansh: Cussegl naziunal) is a house of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland, representing the people. The other house, the Council of States, represents the states. As the powers of the houses are the same, it is sometimes called perfect bicameralism. Both houses meet in the Federal Palace of Switzerland in Bern.

The National Council consists of 200 members. Adult citizens elect the council's members, who are called national Councillors, for four year terms. Members are apportioned to the cantons in proportion to their population.
Rushmore University
Rushmore University is an unaccredited institution of higher learning offering online degrees in a variety of business-related fields, exclusively via distance learning. It has been described as a diploma mill, providing illegitimate academic degrees and diplomas for a fee.

Oregon Office of Degree Authorization
The Oregon Office of Degree Authorization (ODA) is a unit of the Office of Student Access and Completion, with responsibilities related to maintaining high standards in private higher education institutions in Oregon.  ODA administers laws and provides oversight of private colleges and universities offering degree programs in the state, validates individual claims of degrees, enforces the closure of substandard or fraudulent higher education programs in the state, and enforces policy for publicly funded postsecondary programs and locations. It was formerly a unit of the Oregon Student Access Commission (OSAC), which became Oregon Student Assistance Commission prior to January 1, 2012. Its functions moved to the Oregon Higher Education Coordinating Commission as part of the Office of Student Access and Completion in July 2012.
Hamar people
The Hamar (also spell as Hamer) are rural-agropastoral community located in the mountainous and lowland areas of the Lower Omo Valley in Southern Ethiopia. They speak Hamar language, a South Omotic language. However, it is not taught in schools and not used in government institutions. They primarily engaged in livestock herding but also farming.

Weito River
The Weito River (also known as the Weyt’o Wenz, Tullaya River) is a river in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. It rises in the Guge Mountains, flowing south into Lake Chew Bahir at latitude and longitude 4°49′58″N 36°58′54″E﻿ / ﻿4.83278°N 36.98167°E﻿ / 4.83278; 36.98167.

The Weito defines the boundary between the Bena Tsemay woreda and the Konso special woreda, as well as part of the boundary between the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region and the Oromia Region. The river is subject to seasonal flooding.

Tributaries include the Sagan River and the Segen River.
Guarimba
Guarimba is a term colloquially used in Venezuela for a protest method primarily used by the Venezuelan opposition  that involves erecting street barricades or roadblocks. Although the erection of barricades in Venezuela dates back decades, the term has gained relevance during protests against the governments of Hugo Chávez and Nicolás Maduro, when it has become a pejorative and stigmatizing term. Venezuelan officials have used the term to disqualify and criminalize the opposition or opposition demonstrations.

2017 Venezuelan protests
The 2017 Venezuelan protests were a series of protests occurring throughout Venezuela. Protests began in January 2017 after the arrest of multiple opposition leaders and the cancellation of dialogue between the opposition and Nicolás Maduro's government.

As the tension continued, the 2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis began in late March when the pro-government Supreme Tribunal of Justice (TSJ) dissolved the opposition-led National Assembly, with the intensity of protests increasing greatly throughout Venezuela following the decision. As April arrived,  the protests grew "into the most combative since a wave of unrest in 2014" resulting from the crisis with hundreds of thousands of Venezuelans protesting daily through the month and into May. After failing to prevent the July Constituent Assembly election, the opposition and protests largely lost momentum.