hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Victoria Police
Victoria Police is the primary law enforcement agency of the Australian state of Victoria. It was formed in 1853 and currently operates under the Victoria Police Act 2013.

As of June 2023, Victoria Police has 21,326 staff, comprising 15,842 police officers, 1,412 Protective Services Officers, 346 Police Custody Officers and 216 Police Recruits in training, 2 reservists and 3,507 Victorian Public Service (VPS) employees across 333 police stations. Victoria Police's budget for 2023–2024 is A$4.13 billion.

Between 31 July 2018 and 18 July 2019, Victoria Police recorded 514,398 offences, an increase of 1.5% from the previous year. Victoria Police also responded to 897,016 emergency calls, a reduction of 0.3% from previous year.

Pepper spray
Pepper spray, oleoresin capsicum spray, OC spray, capsaicin spray, mace, or capsicum spray is a lachrymator (tear gas) product containing as its active ingredient the chemical compound capsaicin, which irritates the eyes with burning and pain sensations and so causes them to close, bringing temporary blindness. This blindness allows officers to more easily restrain subjects and permits people in danger to use pepper spray in self-defense for an opportunity to escape. It also causes temporary discomfort and burning of the lungs which causes shortness of breath. Pepper spray is used as a less lethal weapon in policing, riot control, crowd control, and self-defense, including defense against dogs and bears.

Pepper spray was engineered originally for defense against bears, cougars, wolves, and other dangerous predators, and is often referred to colloquially as bear spray.
Membranelle
Membranelles (also membranellae) are structures found around the mouth, or cytostome, in ciliates. They are typically arranged in series, to form an "adoral zone of membranelles", or AZM, on the left side of the buccal cavity (peristome). The membranelles are made up of kinetosomes arranged in groups to make up polykinetids. The cilia which emerge from these structures appear to be fused and to function as a single membrane, which can be used to sweep particles of food into the cytostome, or for locomotion.

Cytostome
A cytostome (from cyto-, cell and -stome, mouth) or cell mouth is a part of a cell specialized for phagocytosis, usually in the form of a microtubule-supported funnel or groove.  Food is directed into the cytostome, and sealed into vacuoles. 
Only certain groups of protozoa, such as the Ciliophora and Excavata, have cytostomes.  An example is Balantidium coli, a ciliate. In other protozoa, and in cells from multicellular organisms, phagocytosis takes place at any point on the cell or feeding takes place by absorption.
Search engine (computing)
In computing, a search engine is an information retrieval software system designed to help find information stored on one or more computer systems. Search engines discover, crawl, transform, and store information for retrieval and presentation in response to user queries. The search results are usually presented in a list and are commonly called hits. The most widely used type of search engine is a web search engine, which searches for information on the World Wide Web.

A search engine normally consists of four components, as follows: a search interface, a crawler (also known as a spider or bot), an indexer, and a database. The crawler traverses a document collection, deconstructs document text, and assigns surrogates for storage in the search engine index. Online search engines store images, link data and metadata for the document.

Search engine optimization
Search engine optimization (SEO) is the practice of improving the visibility and performance of websites and web pages in search engine results pages (SERPs). It focuses on increasing the quantity and quality of traffic from unpaid (organic) search results rather than paid advertising. SEO applies to multiple search formats, including web, image, video, news, academic, and vertical search engines, as well as AI-assisted search interfaces.

SEO is commonly used as part of a broader digital marketing strategy and involves optimizing technical infrastructure, content relevance, and authority signals to improve rankings for user queries. The objective of SEO is to attract users who are actively searching for information, products, or services, thereby supporting brand visibility, user engagement, and conversions.
Kearsarge Peak
Kearsarge Peak is a 12,620-foot (3,847 m) mountain located less than two miles east of the crest of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, in Inyo County in northern California. It is situated immediately northwest of Onion Valley in the John Muir Wilderness, on land managed by Inyo National Forest. It is also 8.5 miles (13.7 km) west of the community of Independence, and 2.1 miles (3.4 km) north-northwest of Independence Peak. Topographic relief is significant as the east aspect rises 5,250 feet (1,600 meters) above Onion Valley in two miles.

Inyo National Forest
Inyo National Forest is a United States National Forest covering parts of the eastern Sierra Nevada of California and the White Mountains of California and Nevada. The forest hosts several superlatives, including Mount Whitney, the highest point in the contiguous United States; Boundary Peak, the highest point in Nevada; and the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest, which protects the oldest living trees in the world. The forest, encompassing much of the Owens Valley, was established by Theodore Roosevelt as a way of sectioning off land to accommodate the Los Angeles Aqueduct project in 1907, making the Inyo National Forest one of the least wooded forests in the U.S. National Forest system.
Saxby, Lincolnshire
Saxby is a village and civil parish in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated 9 miles (14 km) north from Lincoln and 2.5 miles (4.0 km) east from the A15 road. The population is included in the civil parish of Owmby-by-Spital (called Owmby). The village is part of the Owmby Group of parishes.

St Helens parish church is a Grade I listed building, constructed in 1775 as an ashlar-faced red-brick mortuary chapel. The chapel, later a church, had been attributed to Carr of York (who constructed the nearby Norton Place) but no evidence to prove this has been found. It has been assumed that the Lumbys, who often worked with Carr, might have been the architects. There are of four wall plaques in white marble and Greek style, dating from 1832 to 1856, to the Earl of Scarborough, for whom the chapel was built.

There existed an earlier church in the nearby medieval villages of East and West Firsby, but nothing remains of that or the village.

West Lindsey
West Lindsey is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England. Its council is based in Gainsborough, the district's largest town. The district also includes the towns of Caistor and Market Rasen, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. The east of the district includes part of the Lincolnshire Wolds, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are North Lincolnshire, North East Lincolnshire, East Lindsey, North Kesteven, Lincoln, Newark and Sherwood and Bassetlaw.
Lu Zhiyuan
Lu Zhiyuan (Chinese: 陆治原; born August 1964) is a Chinese politician, currently serving as the minister of Civil Affairs. He previously served as the party secretary of Qingdao and deputy party secretary of Shandong.

He was a representative of the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a delegate to the 12th National People's Congress. He is a representative of the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and a member of the 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

12th National People's Congress
The 12th National People's Congress (NPC) was elected in national congressional conferences from October 2012 to February 2013 and was in session from 2013 to 2018. It succeeded the 11th National People's Congress.  It held five plenary sessions in this period, occurring around early March every year.  It was succeeded by the communing of the 13th National People's Congress.
Internet vigilantism
Internet vigilantism is the act of carrying out vigilante activities through the Internet. The term encompasses vigilantism against alleged scams, crimes, and non-Internet-related behavior.

The expanding scope of media savvy and online interaction has enabled vigilantes to utilize methods specific to the Internet in order to distribute justice to parties they consider to be corrupt, but who have not committed a formal crime or have not been held accountable by the criminal justice system.

Internet vigilantism originated in the early 2000s and has since evolved to include a variety of methods such as hacking, baiting, and public shaming. Internet vigilantism changes in cultural and political drive depending on location, and has varying relationships to state authority depending on context. There are many internet vigilante groups as well as individuals.

Vigilantism
Vigilantism (/ˌvɪdʒɪˈlæntɪzəm/) is an act commonly summarized as "taking the law into one's own hands" which, according to Merriam Webster, means "to try to punish someone for breaking a law even though one does not have the right to do that." A vigilante is a person who practices or partakes in vigilantism.
Rustam Khabilov
Rustam Mikailovich Khabilov (born 4 November 1986) is a Russian mixed martial artist, who last competed in the Welterweight division. He is a Combat Sambo World Champion and a former member of the Legion Sport Club fight team in Rostov-on-Don. Prior to signing with Bellator, Khabilov previously fought in the Lightweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC).

Welterweight (MMA)
The welterweight division in mixed martial arts contains different weight classes:

The UFC's welterweight division, which groups competitors within 156 to 170 lb (71 to 77 kg)

The ONE Championship's welterweight division, with upper limit at 83.9 kg (185.0 lb)
New Orleans Saints Radio Network
The New Orleans Saints Radio Network is a radio network which carries games of the New Orleans Saints. The flagship stations of the radio network is 870 WWL-AM and 105.3 WWL-FM in New Orleans. Many of the stations that broadcast these games are almost entirely located around the Gulf Coast region, with stations mostly located in Louisiana and Mississippi with a few exceptions.

WDGL
WDGL (98.1 FM, "Eagle 98.1") is a commercial radio station licensed to Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The station is owned by Guaranty Broadcasting, and airs a classic rock radio format. WDGL calls itself "The ROCK Station." It is the flagship radio station for the Louisiana State University Tigers sports broadcasts, sharing that status with WWL in New Orleans. Since 2013, it is the Capital Region's affiliate for New Orleans Saints games. Along with four sister stations, its studios and offices are in the Guaranty Group building on Government Street east of downtown.

The station is an affiliate of the weekly syndicated Pink Floyd program "Floydian Slip."

WDGL has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100,000 watts, the highest permitted for non-grandfathered FM stations. The transmitter is located south of the LSU campus near the east bank of the Mississippi River.
Parzno
Parzno [ˈpaʐnɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kluki, within Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north of Kluki, 9 km (6 mi) west of Bełchatów, and 47 km (29 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Kluki, Łódź Voivodeship
Kluki [ˈkluki] is a village in Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Kluki. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) west of Bełchatów and 51 km (32 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.
Guoquan Road station
Guoquan Road (simplified Chinese: 国权路; traditional Chinese: 國權路; pinyin: Guóquán Lù), is a station on Line 10 of the Shanghai Metro. It began operation on 10 April 2010. It is located at the intersection of Siping Road and Guoquan Road. It became an interchange station with Line 18 when the line opened on 30 December 2021.

Line 10 (Shanghai Metro)
Line 10 is a southwest–northeast line of the Shanghai Metro network that opened for service on April 10, 2010. The line runs from Jilong Road to Hongqiao Railway Station, with a branch line from Longxi Road to Hangzhong Road. It has been given the unofficial nickname “Golden Line” as it links many of the city's tourist attractions like Yuyuan and Xintiandi. It connects the Hongqiao International Airport with the downtown core of Shanghai, and also the dense residential districts of Yangpu and Hongkou. It is the only line in the system with numbered station codes. It is the first high-density and high-volume fully automatic subway line in mainland China, operating with GoA4 unattended train operation. The line is colored lilac on system maps.
Jen Mead
Jennifer Kim Mead (born June 13, 1972) is an American former soccer player who played as a goalkeeper, making six appearances for the United States women's national team. She also played basketball during her collegiate career.

Bridgewater-Raynham Regional High School
Bridgewater Raynham Regional High School, founded in 1961, is a regional high school in Bridgewater, Massachusetts, shared by the City of Bridgewater and the Town of Raynham. The high school, commonly referred to as B-R, relocated to a new building at 415 Center Street in 2007. The athletic teams are called the Trojans and the school colors are red and white.
Micrographia (handwriting)
Micrographia is an acquired disorder characterized by abnormally small, cramped handwriting. It is commonly associated with neurodegenerative disorders of the basal ganglia, such as in Parkinson's disease, but it has also been ascribed to subcortical focal lesions. O'Sullivan and Schmitz describe it as an abnormally small handwriting that is difficult to read, as seen in the accompanying photo. Micrographia is also seen in patients with Wilson's disease, obsessive-compulsive disorder, metamorphopsia, or isolated focal lesions of the midbrain or basal ganglia.

Handwriting
Handwriting is the personal and unique style of writing with a writing instrument, such as a pen or pencil in the hand. Handwriting includes both block and cursive styles and is separate from generic and formal handwriting script/style, calligraphy or typeface. Because each person's handwriting is unique and different, it can be used to verify a document's writer. The deterioration of a person's handwriting is also a symptom or result of several different diseases. The inability to produce clear and coherent handwriting is also known as dysgraphia.
Semialarium
Semialarium is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Celastraceae.

Its native range is Mexico to Southern Tropical America.

Species:

Semialarium mexicanum (Miers) Mennega

Semialarium paniculatum (Mart.) N.Hallé

Celastraceae
The Celastraceae, also known as the staff-vine or bittersweet family, are a family of 98 genera and 1,350 species of herbs, vines, shrubs and small trees, belonging to the order Celastrales. The great majority of the genera are tropical, with only Celastrus (the staff vines), Euonymus (the spindles) and Maytenus widespread in temperate climates, and Parnassia (bog-stars) found in alpine and arctic climates.

Of the 98 currently recognized genera of the family Celastraceae, 19 are native to Madagascar and these include at least 57 currently recognized species. Six of these 19 genera (Brexiella, Evonymopsis, Hartogiopsis, Polycardia, Ptelidium, and Salvadoropsis) are endemic to Madagascar.
Battle of Shchedrinskaya
On January 16, 1788, Chechen fighters attempted to attack a plantation near Chervlyonnaya, spurred by Sheikh Mansur's letters urging them to attack Russian settlements. However, the Russian Empire repelled the attack.

Sheikh Mansur
Sheikh Mansur (born Ushurma or Uchermak, c. 1760 – 13 April 1794) was a Chechen military commander and Islamic leader who led a resistance movement against Russian expansion into the Caucasus from 1785 until his capture in 1791. Sheikh Mansur is considered the first leader of the resistance in the North Caucasus against Russian imperialism. He remains a hero of the Chechen and North Caucasian peoples in general, and their struggle for independence.
Caretaker government of Malaysia
In Malaysian political and constitutional terminology, a caretaker government is a government of Malaysia during a period that starts when the parliament is dissolved by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King of Malaysia) before a general election and continues for a period after the election until the next cabinet is formed. A caretaker government is expected to conduct itself under a series of well-defined conventions in maintaining the neutrality of the policy decisions, although there is no law mandating it to do so.

Parliament of Malaysia
The Parliament of Malaysia (Malay: Parlimen Malaysia; Jawi: ‏ڤرليمن مليسيا‎) is the national legislature of Malaysia, based on the Westminster system. The bicameral parliament consists of the Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives, lit. "People's Assembly") and the Dewan Negara (Senate, lit. "State Assembly"). The Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King), as the head of state, is the third component of Parliament.

The Parliament assembles in the Malaysian Houses of Parliament, located in the national capital city of Kuala Lumpur.

The term "Member of Parliament (MP)" usually refers to a member of the Dewan Rakyat, the lower house of the Parliament. The term "Senator" usually refers to a member of the Dewan Negara, the upper house of the Parliament.
Zotz (candy)
Zotz (/zɒts/ ZOTS) is a candy manufactured by G.B. Ambrosoli S.p.A. in Italy and distributed in the United States by Andre Prost, Inc. It is a fizzy, sour center hard candy that contains sherbet.

Zotz is the official candy of American Endurance Racing (AER).

Hard candy
A hard candy (American English), or boiled sweet (British English), is a sugar candy prepared from one or more sugar-based syrups that is heated to a temperature of 160 °C (320 °F) to make candy.  Among the many hard candy varieties are stick candy such as the candy cane, lollipops, rock, aniseed twists, and bêtises de Cambrai.

Most hard candy is nearly 100% sugar by weight, with a tiny amount of other ingredients for color or flavor, and negligible water content in the final product. Recipes for hard candy may use syrups of sucrose, glucose, fructose or other sugars.  Sugar-free versions have also been created.
Øvrevollen Bluff
Øvrevollen Bluff (72°11′S 3°45′E﻿ / ﻿72.183°S 3.750°E﻿ / -72.183; 3.750) is a rock and ice bluff just south of Festninga Mountain in the Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains of Queen Maud Land. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named Øvrevollen ("the upper wall").

Festninga Mountain
Festninga Mountain is a broad, ice-topped mountain, 2,535 metres (8,320 ft) high, standing west of Mount Hochlin at the west end of the Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains, in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. it was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named Festninga (the fortress). Austvollen Bluff forms the east side of the mountain.
2009 Indonesian Community Shield
The 2009 Indonesian Community Shield was the inaugural edition of the Indonesian Community Shield. It was a match played by the 2008-09 Indonesia Super League winners Persipura Jayapura and 2008-09 Copa Indonesia winners Sriwijaya FC. It took place on 7 October 2009 at the Andi Mattalatta Stadium in Makassar, Indonesia. Persipura won the match 3–1.

Indonesian Community Shield
The Indonesian Community Shield was a pre-season football competition held the week before the season begins in Indonesia every year. It was contested by the winners of the Indonesia Super League/Indonesian Premier League and Piala Indonesia in the previous season, as a curtain raiser to the new season. If the same team wins both Indonesian League and Piala Indonesia, then the Community Shield is contested by the League winners and the Piala Indonesia runners-up.

The current holders are Semen Padang, who defeated Persibo Bojonegoro 4–1 in the 2013 edition. Piala Indonesia was not held in many years so that the Indonesian Community Shield is not held for the season.
An Alpine Symphony
An Alpine Symphony (Eine Alpensinfonie), Op. 64, is a tone poem for large orchestra written by German composer Richard Strauss which premiered in 1915. It is one of Strauss's largest non-operatic works; the score calls for about 125 players and a typical performance usually lasts around 50 minutes. The program of An Alpine Symphony depicts the experiences of eleven hours (from daybreak just before dawn to nightfall) spent climbing an Alpine mountain.

Norman Del Mar
Norman René Del Mar CBE (31 July 1919 – 6 February 1994) was an English conductor, horn player, and biographer. As a conductor, he specialised in the music of late romantic composers; including Edward Elgar, Gustav Mahler, and Richard Strauss. He left a great legacy of recordings of British music, in particular Elgar, Ralph Vaughan Williams, Frederick Delius, and Benjamin Britten. He notably conducted the premiere recording of Britten's children's opera Noye's Fludde.
Abaye
Abaye (or Abbaye) (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אַבַּיֵי, romanized: abbayē) was an amora of the fourth generation of the Talmudic academies in Babylonia. He was born about the close of the third century and died in 337.

Zeira
Rabbi Zeira (Hebrew: רבי זירא), known before his semikhah as Rav Zeira (Hebrew: רב זירא) and known in the Jerusalem Talmud as Rabbi Ze'era (Hebrew: רבי זעירא), was a Jewish Talmudist of the third generation of Amoraim who lived in the Land of Israel.
English cricket team in South Africa in 1905–06
The England cricket team toured South Africa under the auspices of the Marylebone Cricket Club from December 1905 to March 1906. There were five Test matches, and seven first-class games against South African provincial teams. While the team won a number of their first-class matches, they also lost several, and South Africa won the Test series 4 to 1.

Schofield Haigh
Schofield Haigh (19 March 1871 – 27 February 1921) was a Yorkshire and England cricketer. He played for nineteen seasons for Yorkshire County Cricket Club, sporadically for England from 1898–99 to 1912, and was a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1901.
1917 U.S. National Championships – Women's singles
Reigning champion Molla Bjurstedt won the singles tennis title of the 1917 U.S. Women's National Singles Championship by defeating Marion Vanderhoef 4–6, 6–0, 6–2 in the final.

Due to World War I the tournament was renamed National Patriotic Tournament in support of the war effort. No trophies were handed out to the winners and the entrance fees were dedicated to the American Red Cross. Bjurstedt was entitled to sit out the tournament and play the winner of the All Comers' competition in a challenge round but instead elected to play through and therefore no challenge round was held. The event was played on outdoor grass courts and held at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in St. Martin's, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia in the United States, from June 18 through June 23, 1917.

Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia
Chestnut Hill is a neighborhood in the Northwest Philadelphia section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.  It is known for the high incomes of its residents and high real estate values, as well as its private schools.