hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
16th Air Army
The 16th Red Banner Air Army (Russian: 16-я воздушная Краснознамённая армия) was the most important formation of the Special Purpose Command. Initially formed during the Second World War as a part of the Soviet Air Force, it was from its 2002 reformation to its 2009 disbandment the tactical air force component of the Moscow Military District. The 16th Air Army took part in the Battle of Berlin with 28 Aviation divisions and 7 Separate aviation regiments, and was located with the GSFG in East Germany until 1994. Withdrawn to Kubinka in that year, the army was disbanded and reformed as a corps in 1998. From 1949 to 1968, it was designated as the 24th Air Army.

Sukhoi Su-34
The Sukhoi Su-34 (Russian: Сухой Су-34; NATO reporting name: Fullback) is a Soviet-origin Russian twin-engine, twin-seat, all-weather supersonic medium-range fighter-bomber/strike aircraft. It first flew in 1990, intended for the Soviet Air Forces, and it entered service in 2014 with the Russian Air Force.

Based on the Sukhoi Su-27 Flanker air superiority fighter, the Su-34 has a wider, armoured cockpit with side-by-side seating for its two pilots. The Su-34 was designed primarily for tactical deployment against ground and naval targets (tactical bombing/attack/interdiction roles, including against small and mobile targets) on solo and group missions in daytime and at night, under favourable and adverse weather conditions and in a hostile environment with counter-fire and electronic warfare (EW) counter-measures deployed, as well as for aerial reconnaissance. The Su-34 is planned to eventually replace the Su-24 tactical bomber and the Tu-22M long-range bomber.
National Stock Exchange of India
National Stock Exchange of India Limited, also known as the National Stock Exchange (NSE), is an Indian stock exchange based in Mumbai.  It is the 5th largest stock exchange in the world by total market capitalization, exceeding $5 trillion in May 2024.

NSE is under the ownership of various financial institutions such as banks and insurance companies. As of 2024, it is the world's largest derivatives exchange by number of contracts traded and the third largest in cash equities by number of trades for the calendar year 2023.

Market manipulation
In economics and finance, market manipulation occurs when someone intentionally alters the supply or demand of a security to influence its price. This can involve spreading misleading information, executing misleading trades, or manipulating quotes and prices.

Market manipulation is prohibited in most countries, in particular, it is prohibited in the United States under Section 9(a)(2) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, in the European Union under Article 12 of the Market Abuse Regulation, in Australia under Section 1041A of the Corporations Act 2001, and in Israel under Section 54(a) of the securities act of 1968. In the US, market manipulation is also prohibited for wholesale electricity markets under Section 222 of the Federal Power Act and wholesale natural gas markets under Section 4A of the Natural Gas Act.

In India it is illegal under the SEBI (Prohibition of Fraudulent and Unfair Trade Practices relating to Securities Market) Regulations, 2003.
Foothills Trail
The Foothills Trail is a 76-mile (122 km) National Recreation Trail in South and North Carolina, United States, for recreational hiking and backpacking. It extends from Table Rock State Park to Oconee State Park. It passes through the Andrew Pickens Ranger District of the Sumter National Forest, Ellicott Rock Wilderness, Whitewater Falls, and Lake Jocassee.

The U.S. Forest Service built the section in the Sumter National Forest starting in 1968. Duke Power Company built the middle portion of the trail as a recreational resource in conjunction with its Bad Creek pumped storage hydroelectric project. The trail is maintained by the Foothills Trail Conference.

Sassafras Mountain
Sassafras Mountain is the highest point in the state of South Carolina, United States. It is in the Blue Ridge Mountains, part of the Appalachian Mountains. An observation tower opened on top of Sassafras Mountain in 2019.
Entocentric lens
An entocentric lens is a compound lens which has its entrance or exit pupil inside the lens. This is the most common type of photographic lens.
The aperture diaphragm is located between the objective and the image-side focus (optics). It corresponds to the "normal" human visual impression. Distant objects appear smaller than closer objects. This doesn't occur for example on other lens or perspectives such as telecentric lens or hypercentric lens.

Normal lens
In photography and cinematography, a normal lens is a lens that reproduces a field of view that appears "natural" to a human observer. In contrast, depth compression and expansion with shorter or longer focal lengths introduces noticeable, and sometimes disturbing, distortion.
Krzeczyn Wielki
Krzeczyn Wielki (Polish pronunciation: [ˈkʂɛtʂɨn ˈvjɛlkʲi]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubin, within Lubin County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. The appendix Wielki (Great) serves to distinguish the place from neighbouring Krzeczyn Mały (Little Krzeczyn).

Krzeczyn Mały
Krzeczyn Mały [ˈkʂɛt͡ʂɨn ˈmawɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubin, within Lubin County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

The village at various times was part of Poland, Bohemia, Prussia and Germany, before returning to Polish rule after the defeat of Germany in World War II. The former German Junker (landed nobility) of the Harrach family left a Baroque palace which since 1997 is a property of Count Ghislain de Nicolay.
Mainstream Country (radio network)
Mainstream Country, known on-air as The Best of the New and Gold: Your Kind of Country, was a 24-hour music format produced by Westwood One.  Its playlist is composed of classic and modern country music in the 1990s to the present.

Its competitors were "Country Today" and "The Bar" by Waitt, CD Country and U.S. Country by Jones, however those assets were absorbed by Triton Media Group, leaving Citadel Media's Today's Best Country and Real Country the only competitors.  The Jones and Waitt networks, except for "The Bar," will be integrated into Mainstream Country and other Dial Global country formats in late 2008 and early 2009. By 2020, its website was no longer functional.

The Bar (radio network)
The Bar was a 24-hour music network produced by Waitt Radio Networks. Its playlist was composed of Country/Rock music spanning from the 1960s to the 2000s from artists such as George Strait, The Eagles, Toby Keith, Bob Seger & The Silver Bullet Band, and Johnny Cash. It mainly targeted listeners ages 18–54. The satellite-driven feed got its name from a Bar, an establishment that usually serves alcoholic beverages to its customers.

Waitt Radio Networks was acquired by Triton Media Group in 2008. The network's formats were eventually managed by Dial Global (later Westwood One) following a merger in 2011.

While most affiliates used "The Bar" imagery, one station (in a dry i.e. no alcohol sales area) formerly used the alternative branding of "The West Texas JukeBox." That station was KBXJ in Los Ybanez, Texas (now a Jack FM affiliate).
Metachanda brunneopunctella
Metachanda brunneopunctella is a moth species in the oecophorine tribe Metachandini. It was described by Henry Legrand in 1965. It is found in Seychelles on Mahé Island and Curieuse Island, the former of which is its type locality.

Metachanda
Metachanda is the sole genus in tribe Metachandini of moth subfamily Oecophorinae. Metachandini was originally described as family Metachandidae by Edward Meyrick in 1911, and at the time also contained the genus Chanystis, which is currently unplaced to tribe within Oecophorinae. It has also previously been described as tribe Metachandini of subfamily Gelechiinae.

Its type species is Metachanda thaleropis.
Almere Centrum railway station
Almere Centrum is a railway station in Almere, Netherlands. It is located approximately 22 kilometres east of Amsterdam. The station lies on the Weesp–Lelystad railway. Almere Centrum is located in central Almere: a new town established in 1976 on land reclaimed from the sea (cf. Flevoland). Almere Centrum has two platforms and four tracks, and was opened in 1987 following the completion of the Flevolijn between Weesp railway station and Lelystad Centrum. The station's original name was Almere Central Station (CS), but it was renamed in 1999 to Almere Centrum.

The station building has a glass roof, and the tracks and platforms are elevated above street level. Almere Centrum bus station is located beneath the railway station.

Lelystad Centrum railway station
Lelystad Centrum is a railway station in the town of Lelystad, Netherlands. The station is on the Flevolijn and Hanzelijn and the train services are operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen. The station was opened on 28 May 1988 after the extension from Almere Buiten was completed. The station was doubled in size to 4 platforms to accommodate the increase in trains following the opening of the Hanzelijn on 9 December 2012.
2010 International Bowl
The 2010 International Bowl was the fourth and final edition of the college football bowl game, and was played at Rogers Centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.  The game started at 12:00 p.m. US EST on Saturday, January 2, 2010. The game was telecast on ESPN2 and the South Florida Bulls defeated the Northern Illinois Huskies 27–3.

Both teams played in their first International Bowl.  South Florida played in their fifth consecutive bowl game.  They were previously  2-2 in bowl games and were coming off a 41–14 victory over Memphis in the 2008 St. Petersburg Bowl.  Northern Illinois made its fourth bowl appearance in six years.  The Huskies were defeated 17–10 by Louisiana Tech in the previous years' Independence Bowl.

The game was the third meeting between the two schools.  In 2001, South Florida's first game as an NCAA Division I-A team was at Northern Illinois; NIU won 20–17 on a last-second field goal.  One year later, South Florida defeated the Huskies 37–6 in Tampa.

International Bowl
The International Bowl was a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) collegiate American football bowl game played in Toronto from 2007 through 2010. During its run, it was the only post-season bowl game played outside the United States, the first such game since the Bacardi Bowl, played in Cuba on January 1, 1937. The game pitted teams from the Big East and Mid-American Conferences, with the Big East winning all four match-ups.
Sanctuary of Asclepius, Epidaurus
The Sanctuary of Asclepius was a sanctuary in Epidaurus dedicated to Asclepius. Especially in the Classical and Hellenistic periods, it was the main holy site of Asclepius. The sanctuary at Epidaurus was the rival of such major cult sites as the Sanctuary of Zeus at Olympia and Apollo at Delphi. The temple was built in the early 4th century BC.  If still in use by the 4th century AD, the temple would have been closed during the persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire, when the Christian Emperors issued edicts prohibiting non-Christian worship. In 1988, the temple was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List because of its exceptional architecture and its importance in the development and spread of healing sanctuaries (asclepeia) throughout classical antiquity. It was excavated between 1881 and 1928 by Panagiotis Kavvadias (and, from 1887, Valerios Stais), and between 1948 and 1951 by John Papadimitriou.

Propylon
In ancient Greek architecture, a propylon (/ˈprɒpɪlɒn/ or /ˈprɒupɪlɒn/; Ancient Greek πρόπυλον) is a monumental gateway, also referred to as a propylaeum (/prɒpɪˈliːəm/, a Latinized form of προπύλαιον), and often given in the plural as propyla or propylaea. It serves as a partition, separating the secular and religious parts of a city. The prototypical Greek example is the propylaea that served as the entrance to the Acropolis of Athens, which inspired Greek Revival architecture such as the Brandenburg Gate of Berlin and the Propylaea in Munich, which both evoke the central portion.
St Joseph's Catholic School, Mundingburra
St Joseph's Catholic School is an independent Roman Catholic co-educational primary school, located in the Townsville suburb of Mundingburra, Queensland, Australia. It is administered by the Queensland Catholic Education Commission, with an enrolment of 360 students and a teaching staff of 29, as of 2023. The school serves students from Prep to Year 6, and is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Townsville.

Diocese of Townsville
The Diocese of Townsville is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or diocese of the Catholic Church in Australia. It is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Brisbane. Erected in 1930, the Diocese of Townsville covers North Queensland. It was assembled from territory separated from the Diocese of Rockhampton.
Labor trafficking in the United States
Labor trafficking in the United States is a form of human trafficking where victims are made to perform a task through force, fraud or coercion as it occurs in the United States. Labor trafficking is typically distinguished from sex trafficking, where the task is sexual in nature. People may be victims of both labor and sex trafficking.

Peonage
Peonage is any form of wage labor, financial exploitation, coercive economic practice, or policy in which the victim or a laborer (peon) has little control over employment or economic conditions. A Peon (English /ˈpiːɒn/, from the Spanish peón Spanish pronunciation: [peˈon]) is anyone subject to peonage. Peon and peonage existed both the colonial period and post-colonial period of Latin America, as well as the period after the end of slavery in the United States, when "Black Codes" were passed to retain African-American freedmen as labor through other means.

In Bolivia, indigenous populations were subject to the Mit'a system during the rule of the Inca and Spanish empires. Later this was replaced by a peonage known as pongaje that lasted until the mid-20th century. In Chile peonage took the local form of inquilinaje and lasted until the Chilean land reform in the 1960s. In Ecuador a similar practise was that of the huasipungos.
South Stack Formation
The South Stack Formation is a sequence of Cambro-Ordovician (Furongian to Tremadocian) metasedimentary rocks exposed in northwestern Anglesey, North Wales. The outcrop of this formation at South Stack was chosen as one of the top 100 geosites in the United Kingdom by the Geological Society of London, for its display of small-scale folding.

Furongian
The Furongian  or Late Cambrian is the fourth and final epoch and series of the Cambrian. It lasted from 497 to 486.85 million years ago. It succeeds the Miaolingian series of the Cambrian and precedes the Lower Ordovician Tremadocian Stage. It is subdivided into three stages: the Paibian, Jiangshanian and the unnamed 10th stage of the Cambrian.
NGC 3977
NGC 3977 is an unbarred spiral galaxy in the constellation of Ursa Major. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 5,975±13 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 287.4 ± 20.1 Mly (88.13 ± 6.17 Mpc). It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 13 April 1784. It was also observed by Lewis Swift on 16 April 1885, causing this galaxy to be listed twice in the New General Catalogue, as both NGC 3977 and NGC 3980.

NGC 3977 along with NGC 3972 are listed together as Holm 304 in Erik Holmberg's A Study of Double and Multiple Galaxies Together with Inquiries into some General Metagalactic Problems, published in 1937. This grouping is purely optical, as NGC 3977 is about four times farther away than NGC 3972.

The SIMBAD database lists NGC 3977 as a LINER galaxy, i.e. a galaxy whose nucleus has an emission spectrum characterized by broad lines of weakly ionized atoms.

Low-ionization nuclear emission-line region
A low-ionization nuclear emission-line region (LINER) is a type of galactic nucleus that is defined by its spectral line emission.  The spectra typically include line emission from weakly ionized or neutral atoms, such as O, O+, N+, and S+.  Conversely, the spectral line emission from strongly ionized atoms, such as O++, Ne++, and He+, is relatively weak.  The class of galactic nuclei was first identified by Timothy Heckman in the third of a series of papers on the spectra of galactic nuclei that were published in 1980.
Rodenbach (Eisbach)
The Rodenbach (German pronunciation: [ˈʁoːdn̩bax]) is a stream, just under 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) long, and an orographically left-hand headstream of the Eisbach in the northeastern part of the Palatine Forest in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

Palatinate Forest
The Palatinate Forest (/pəˈlætɪnɪt/; German: Pfälzerwald [ˈpfɛltsɐvalt] ⓘ), sometimes also called the Palatine Forest, is a low-mountain region in southwestern Germany, located in the Palatinate in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. The forest is a designated nature park (German: Naturpark Pfälzerwald) covering 1,771 km2 and its highest elevation is the Kalmit (672.6 m).

Together with the northern part of the adjacent Vosges Mountains in France it forms the UNESCO-designated Palatinate Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve.
F & C Investment Trust
F & C Investment Trust,
formerly Foreign & Colonial Investment Trust, is a publicly traded investment trust. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index; it is also listed on the New Zealand Exchange.

FTSE 100 Index
The Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index, also called the FTSE 100 Index, FTSE 100, FTSE or, informally, the "Footsie" /ˈfʊtsi/, is one of the United Kingdom's best-known stock market indices and represents the 100 most highly capitalised blue chips listed on the London Stock Exchange.
Scolotosuchus
Scolotosuchus is an extinct genus of rauisuchid from the Early Triassic of Russia. The only known species, Scolotosuchus basileus, has been discovered at the Donskaya Luka Locality. It differs from all other rauisuchids in the morphology of its spine, which allowed it to both resist great stress and gave it a great range of mobility. Additionally, it may have lacked osteoderms, with its spine instead being supported in a similar manner as in dinosaurs. At 3 m (9.8 ft) it was likely the apex predator of its ecosystem.

Bystrowisuchus
Bystrowisuchus is an extinct genus of ctenosauriscid pseudosuchian archosaur from the Early Triassic of European Russia. Fossils have been found in the Olenekian-age Lipovskaya Formation in Ilovlinsky District. The type species is Bystrowisuchus flerovi.
2021 Brabantse Pijl
The 2021 Brabantse Pijl was the 61st edition of the Brabantse Pijl cycle race and was held on 14 April 2021. The race covered 201.7 km (125.3 mi), starting in Leuven and finishing in Overijse.

The top two finishers of the two previous editions, last year's winner Julian Alaphilippe and 2019 winner Mathieu van der Poel were absent.

Brabantse Pijl (men's race)
The Brabantse Pijl (English: Brabant Arrow, French: Flèche Brabançonne or Flèche Branconne) is a Flanders Classics road bicycle race held annually in Flemish Brabant and in Walloon Brabant, Belgium. The race was organised as a 1.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour from 2005 to 2009, a 1.HC event from 2010 to 2019, and since 2020 has been part of the UCI ProSeries.

Zaventem used to be the city of start; in 2008 however, Leuven became the place of start. Until 2009, the finish was located in Alsemberg and, in 2010, it moved to Overijse. Also in 2010, the fixed date of the Brabantse Pijl shifted from the Sunday before the Tour of Flanders to the Wednesday before the Amstel Gold Race.

In 2011, the race was upgraded to a 1.HC event. Edwig Van Hooydonck holds the record for most wins in the race with four between 1987 and 1995.
Japanese in New York City
As of the 2000 Census, over half of the 37,279 people of Japanese ancestry in the U.S. state of New York lived in New York City. As of 2012, the New York City metropolitan area was home to the largest Japanese community on the East Coast of the United States. The community has grown to the point that the first annual Japan Day Parade, the largest outside Japan, took place in Manhattan in 2022.

Harrison, New York
Harrison is a town and village in Westchester County, New York, United States. It is a suburb of New York City, located 22 miles (35 km) northeast of Manhattan. The population was 28,218 at the 2020 census.
The Imperial (Mumbai)
The Imperial is a modernist style twin-tower skyscraper complex in the billionaires row of Mumbai, India. It was the tallest skyscraper in India from 2010 to 2019 when it was overtaken by Lodha Park which was again overtaken by Palais Royale Mumbai. It has been home to several high-net-worth individuals. It is currently the 19th tallest building in India.

Palais Royale, Mumbai
Palais Royale is an under-construction residential skyscraper in Worli, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. At 320 metres (1,050 ft), it is the tallest topped out building and third tallest structure in India. The building had topped-out in 2018 but the facades and interior of the skyscraper are still under construction. Its completion, previously expected by 30 December 2025, has been delayed due to pending litigation and bureaucratic hurdles, and is now expected by 30 December 2026.
1972–73 Ekstraklasa
The 1972–73 I liga was the 47th season of the Polish Football Championship and the 39th season of the I liga, the top Polish professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1927. The league was operated by the Polish Football Association (PZPN).

The champions were Stal Mielec, who won their 1st Polish title.

1927 Ekstraklasa
The 1927 Liga was the 7th edition of the Polish Football Championship (6th completed season ended with the selection of a winner) and the 1st season of the Liga (now Ekstraklasa), the top Polish professional league for association football clubs. The league was operated by the Polska Liga Piłki Nożnej (PLPN). The champions were Wisła Kraków, who won their 1st Polish title.
The Frighteners (The Avengers)
"The Frighteners" is the fifteenth episode of the first series of the 1960s cult British spy-fi television series The Avengers, starring Ian Hendry and Patrick Macnee. It was directed by Peter Hammond, designed by Robert Fuest, written by Berkely Mather and first broadcast by ABC on 27 May 1961.

For many years it was the only full episode which remained from the first series until the earlier episode Girl on the Trapeze was discovered in 2001 and the later episode Tunnel of Fear in 2016; as of 2022 it is the earliest complete episode to feature both Steed and Keel and the earliest surviving episode to feature Steed (owing to the debut episode, Hot Snow, surviving in incomplete form and extant footage ending before Steed's appearance and Girl on the Trapeze not featuring him at all).

Hot Snow (The Avengers)
"Hot Snow" is the debut episode of the 1960s cult British spy-fi television series The Avengers, starring Ian Hendry and Patrick Macnee. It originally aired on ABC on 7 January 1961. Only about 15 minutes, the first of three acts, remain. The episode was directed by Don Leaver and generally acknowledged to have been written by Ray Rigby, but Brian Clemens claimed to have written it.