hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Multinational state
A multinational state or a multinational union is a sovereign entity that comprises two or more nations or states. This contrasts with a nation state, where a single nation accounts for the bulk of the population. Depending on the definition of "nation" (which touches on ethnicity, language, and political identity), a multinational state is usually multicultural or multilingual, and is geographically composed of more than one country, such as the countries of the United Kingdom.

Historical multinational states that have since split into multiple states include the Ottoman Empire, British India, Qing Empire, Czechoslovakia, the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, the United Arab Republic and Austria-Hungary (a dual monarchy of two multinational states). Some analysts have described the European Union as a multinational state or a potential one.

Bhojpuri people
The Bhojpuri people, also known as Bhojpuriya-sawb (Devanagari: भोजपुरिया सब; Kaithi: 𑂦𑂷𑂔𑂣𑂳𑂩𑂲𑂨𑂰 𑂮𑂥; Romanized: bhojapuriyā sab) are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group from the Indian subcontinent who speak the Bhojpuri language and inhabit the Bhojpur-Purvanchal region. This area is now divided between the western part of the Indian state of Bihar, the eastern part of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, western part of the Indian state of Jharkhand, along with some neighbouring districts in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh as well as the Madhesh province and Lumbini province of Nepal. A significant population of the Bihari diaspora of Bhojpuris can be found in Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, other parts of the Caribbean, Fiji, South Africa (Natal), Seychelles, Mauritius, United States, Canada, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand.
Nepenthes of Borneo
Nepenthes of Borneo is a monograph by Charles Clarke on the tropical pitcher plants of Borneo. It was first published in 1997 by Natural History Publications (Borneo), and reprinted in 2006. Clarke describes it as "primarily an ecological monograph".

Nepenthes hemsleyana
Nepenthes hemsleyana is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo, where it grows in peat swamp forest and heath forest below 200 m above sea level.

The specific epithet hemsleyana honours English botanist William Botting Hemsley, who described N. macfarlanei and N. smilesii.
Young offenders in the 2006 Ontario terrorism plot
Among the 18 arrests during the 2006 Toronto terrorism case were four youths whose names could not be published because of the provisions of Canada's Youth Criminal Justice Act. One of them had the charges against him dropped nine months after his arrest and two others have been released on bail.

Two of the youths were former Hindus, who converted to Islam, similar to older suspect Steven Vikash Chand, who also used to be Hindu.

Steven Vikash Chand
Steven Vikash Chand is one of 17 people arrested in the 2006 Toronto terrorism arrests. He and his conspirators are alleged to have plotted coordinated bombing attacks against targets in southern Ontario.
Title (command)
In computing, title is a command in various command-line interpreters (shells) on Microsoft Windows and ReactOS that changes the title for the graphical terminal emulator window. The command is also used within DFS and ADFS to change the title of the disc in the current drive.

Windows Console
Windows Console is a GUI application for running console applications in Windows. Windows Console is used for running text-based programs such as operating system shells (e.g. Command Prompt and PowerShell), utilities (e.g. Far Manager) and some, generally older, applications (e.g. Midnight Commander).

Windows Terminal was introduced in Windows 10 as a replacement for Windows Console. In 2019, the console host was open-sourced under the MIT License, alongside Windows Terminal.
Hemicrambe
Hemicrambe is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae.

Hemicrambe fruticosa (C.C.Towns.) Gómez-Campo – Socotra

Hemicrambe fruticulosa Webb – Morocco

Hemicrambe socotrana (A.G.Mill.) Al-Shehbaz – Socotra

Hemicrambe fruticosa
Hemicrambe fruticosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae. It is rare cliff-dwelling subshrub or shrub endemic to the Hajhir Mountains on Socotra island in Yemen. Less than one metre tall, it can easily be identified by its white flowers and small hanging fruit. It grows on vertical granite rock faces from 900 to 1000 metres elevation. It is currently unknown whether the overall population is growing or shrinking.
Nissan D engine
The Nissan D-series is a series of overhead valve engines produced by Nissan, starting in 1964 with the 1.05-liter D engine. Similar to a number of British and other Datsun engines, it may have been derived from an Ohta design which also found its way into some Kurogane vehicles - both of these companies were acquired up by Nissan in the early 1960s.

Tokyu Kogyo Kurogane
35°22′34″N 139°23′24″E﻿ / ﻿35.375999°N 139.39009°E﻿ / 35.375999; 139.39009

Tokyu Kurogane Industries (東急くろがね工業, Tōkyū Kurogane Kōgyō), or Kurogane, was one of the first Japanese automakers. It built vehicles from about 1926 until 1962 when a subsidiary of Nissan, called Nissan Machinery (Nissan Koki Co., Ltd. 日産工機), assumed operations as the company had become a member of the Nissan Group keiretsu. The word kurogane (くろがね or 鉄) is an old term for iron, and one of the kanji used in Mr. Makita's first name. Remnants of the company were called Nissan Machinery (Nissan Koki) until 1985, and operated as a separate entity within Nissan Techno (日産テクノ) until 2006, building and developing all of Nissan's current engines.
Orient School District
Orient School District No. 65 is a public school district in Ferry County, Washington and serves the town of Orient. The district operates a single school which serves students from kindergarten to grade 8.

As of 2024, the district has an enrollment of 34.

Ferry County, Washington
Ferry County is a county located on the northern border of the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,178, making it the fourth-least populous county in Washington. The county seat and largest city is Republic. The county was created out of Stevens County in February 1899 and is named for Elisha P. Ferry, the state's first governor.
Confederation of Honduran Workers
The Confederation of Honduran Workers (Spanish: Confederación de Trabajadores de Honduras, CTH) is the largest national trade union center in Honduras. It was formed in 1964. The CTH is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation.

International Trade Union Confederation
The International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC; French: Confédération syndicale international, CSI; German: Internationaler Gewerkschaftsbund, IGB; Spanish: Confederación Sindical Internacional, CSI) is the world's largest trade union federation.
Liberty High School (Peoria, Arizona)
Liberty High School is a public secondary school located in Peoria, Arizona, United States. The high school is a part of the Peoria Unified School District. The school opened in August 2006 due to overcrowding at Sunrise Mountain High School and rapid population growth in Peoria. Currently, approximately 2,350 students are enrolled, making it the district's second-largest high school.

Peoria Unified School District
Peoria Unified School District #11 (PUSD) is a school district headquartered in the District Administration Center (DAC) in Glendale, Arizona, United States. It provides both primary and secondary education for most of Peoria, some areas of Glendale and Youngtown, and a small area of Surprise, and numerous unincorporated areas of Maricopa County. The district has 44 schools.
Michael Ruse
Michael Escott Ruse FRSC (21 June 1940 – 1 November 2024) was a British-born Canadian philosopher of science who specialised in the philosophy of biology and worked on the relationship between science and religion, the creation–evolution controversy, and the demarcation problem within science. Ruse began his career teaching at The University of Guelph and spent many years at Florida State University.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Canada judges to have "made remarkable contributions in the arts, the humanities and the sciences, as well as in Canadian public life". As of 2020, there are more than 2,000 living Canadian fellows, including scholars, artists, and scientists such as Margaret Atwood, Philip J. Currie, David Suzuki, Brenda Milner, and Demetri Terzopoulos. There are four types of fellowship:

Honorary fellows (a title of honour)

Regularly elected fellows

Specially elected fellows

Foreign fellows (neither residents nor citizens of Canada)
Siege of Lingen (1605)
The siege of Lingen of 1605 took place between 10 August and 19 August 1605, at Lingen, District of Emsland, Lower Saxony, between Spain and the United Provinces, during the Eighty Years' War. Prince Maurice of Nassau tried to preserve Lingen at all costs. The Dutch garrison led by Captain Maerten Cobben, expecting to be aided by Maurice's army, held out for nine days, but were finally forced to surrender. The siege was part of Spinola's successful campaign of 1605–1606.

Army of Flanders
The Army of Flanders (Spanish: Ejército de Flandes; Dutch: Leger van Vlaanderen) was a field army of the Spanish Army based in the Spanish Netherlands between the 16th and 18th centuries. It was one of the longest-serving field armies of the early modern era, being founded in 1567 and disbanded in 1706. Taking part in numerous battles of the Eighty Years' War and Thirty Years' War, it employed or pioneered many developing military concepts, including permanent units (tercios), barracks and military hospitals long before they were adopted in most of Europe. As a result, the Army of Flanders has been considered the world's de facto first modern professional standing army. Sustained at huge cost and at significant distances from Spain via the Spanish Road, the Army of Flanders also became infamous for successive mutinies and its ill-disciplined activity on and off the battlefield, including the sack of Antwerp in 1576.
'Ayn al Ghazaya
ʿAyn al Ghazaya (Arabic: الغزايا) is a village in Nalut District in northwestern Libya. It lies on a crossroads on the Wazzin–Nalut road on the northern edge of the Tripolitanian Plateau in the Nafusa Mountains.

Wazzin
Wazzin (Arabic: وازن Wāzzin; Berber languages: ⵡⴰⵣⴻⵏ, romanized: Wazen)) is a town in the western Tripolitania region at the western boundary of Libya. It serves as a border crossing to Tunisia. The town is located south-inland from the Mediterranean Sea coast, and is 360 kilometres (220 mi) west of Tripoli.

Wazzin is in the desert near the western end of the Nafusa Mountains range, in the Nalut District.
The Boat Race 1959
The 105th Boat Race took place on 28 March 1959. Held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames.  It was won by Oxford by six lengths in a time of 18 minutes 52 seconds, their first victory in five years.  The victory took the overall record to 58–46 in Cambridge's favour.

During the buildup to the race, a number of the returning Oxford crew attempted to oust both coach Hugh "Jumbo" Edwards and Oxford University Boat Club president Ronnie Howard.  Cambridge stated that they would only row against the president's crew and Oxford's college boat club captains voted in favour of Howard.

The Boat Race 1951
The 97th Boat Race took place on 24 and 26 March 1951. Held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames.  After Oxford sank in the first race held on 24 March, a re-row was ordered by the umpire and took place two days later.  It was the first time one of the crews had sunk during the race since the 1925 race.  In a race umpired by former Oxford rower Gerald Ellison, Cambridge won the re-row by twelve lengths in a time of 20 minutes 50 seconds, taking the overall record in the event to 53–43 in their favour.
HNK Orijent
HNK Orijent is a professional football club from Sušak, the eastern part of the city of Rijeka, Croatia. The club was established under the name Orient in 1919. They currently compete in the 1. NL, the second tier of the Croatian football league system. It is a phoenix club of NK Orijent which ceased operations in 2014 due to financial difficulties. The club was resurrected that same year under the new name, HNK Orijent 1919. In September 2022, the club assembly voted to change the name to the original HNK Orijent.

Yugoslav Second League
Yugoslav Second League (Bosnian: Druga savezna liga, Croatian: Druga savezna liga, Serbian: Друга савезна лига, Slovenian: Druga zvezna liga, Macedonian: Втора сојузна лига, Vtora sojuzna liga) was the second tier football league of SFR Yugoslavia. The top clubs were promoted to the top tier, the Yugoslav First League.

Although the Yugoslav First League had existed since 1923, the unified Second League was only introduced in 1947. It existed until 1992.
Equestrian at the 2023 Pan American Games – Individual jumping
The individual jumping competition of the equestrian events at the 2023 Pan American Games was held from October 31 to November 3 at the Granaderos Regiment Equestrian School (Escuela de Equitación Regimiento Granaderos) in Quillota, Chile.

Equestrian events at the 2023 Pan American Games
Equestrian competitions at the 2023 Pan American Games are scheduled to be held from October 22 to November 3. The venue for the competition is the Escuela de equitación regimiento granaderos in Quillota, Chile.

A total of 150 athletes are scheduled to compete in the three disciplines of dressage, eventing and jumping, each with an individual and team event.

All three disciplines will serve as qualifiers for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France.
St John Street, Oxford
St John Street is a street in central Oxford, England. The street mainly consists of Georgian-style  stone-faced Grade II listed terraced houses. It was built as a speculative development by St John's College starting in the 1820s and finishing in the 1840s at the start of the Victorian era.
At the northern end is Rewley House (housing the University of Oxford Department for Continuing Education) and near the southern end is the Sackler Library, which opened in 2001. To the south is Beaumont Street and to the north is Wellington Square. St John Street runs parallel with St Giles' (linked via Pusey Street) to the east and Walton Street to the west.

Note that part of Merton Street was once known as St John Street.

St John's College, Oxford
St John's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford. Founded as a men's college in 1555, it has been coeducational since 1979. Its founder, Sir Thomas White, intended to provide a source of educated Roman Catholic clerics to support the Counter-Reformation under Queen Mary.

St John's is the wealthiest college in Oxford, with assets worth over £790 million as of 2022, largely due to nineteenth-century suburban development of land in the city of Oxford of which it is the ground landlord.

The college occupies a site on St Giles' and in 2024 had a student body of 419 undergraduates and 244 postgraduates. There are over 100 academic staff, and a like number of other staff. In 2018 St John's topped the Norrington Table, the annual ranking of Oxford colleges' final results, and in 2021, St John's ranked second with a score of 79.8.
2006–07 Euro Hockey Tour
The 2006–07 Euro Hockey Tour was the 11th season of the Euro Hockey Tour. The season consisted of four tournaments, the Česká Pojišťovna Cup, Karjala Tournament, Channel One Cup, and the LG Hockey Games. The top two teams met in the final, and the third and fourth place teams met for the third place game.

Czech Hockey Games
The Czech Hockey Games, also sponsored as Betano Hockey Games, is an annual ice hockey event held in Czech Republic. It is part of the Euro Hockey Tour. It was previously sponsored as the Pragobanka Cup, Česká Pojišťovna Cup, KAJOTbet Hockey Games, and Carlson Hockey Games.
Tolne
Tolne is a small village and railway town in Vendsyssel, Denmark. It is located in Hjørring Municipality in Region Nordjylland. Its population was 209 as of 2015. It is located in Tolne Hills, a popular excursion trip destination.

Tolne is served by Tolne railway station, located on the Vendsyssel railway line between Aalborg and Frederikshavn.

Hjørring Municipality
Hjørring Municipality (Danish: Hjørring Kommune) is a municipality (Danish: kommune) in North Jutland Region on the west coast of the island of Vendsyssel-Thy at the top of the Jutland peninsula in northern Denmark.  The municipality covers an area of 929.58 km2 (358.91 sq mi), making it the largest in Vendsyssel, and it has a total population of 63,311 (2025).

The main town and the site of its municipal council is the town of Hjørring. Other towns in the municipality includes the harbour town of Hirtshals to the north, sea side resorts Løkken and Lønstrup to the west, Tårs and Vrå to the south and Sindal and Bindslev to the East.

On 1 January 2007 Hjørring municipality was, as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipal Reform" of 2007), merged with existing Hirtshals, Løkken-Vrå, and Sindal municipalities to form an enlarged Hjørring municipality.
Remote visual inspection
Remote Visual Inspection or Remote Digital Video Inspection, also known as RVI or RDVI, is a form of visual inspection which uses visual aids including video technology to allow an inspector to look at objects and materials from a distance because the objects are inaccessible or are in dangerous environments. RVI is also a specialty branch of nondestructive testing (NDT).

Borescope
A borescope (occasionally called a boroscope, though this spelling is nonstandard) is an optical instrument designed to assist visual inspection of narrow, difficult-to-reach cavities, consisting of a rigid or flexible tube with an eyepiece or display on one end, an objective lens or camera on the other, linked together by an optical or electrical system in between. The optical system in some instances is accompanied by (typically fiberoptic) illumination to enhance brightness and contrast.  An internal image of the illuminated object is formed by the objective lens and magnified by the eyepiece which presents it to the viewer's eye.

Rigid or flexible borescopes may be externally linked to a photography or videography device.  For medical use, similar instruments are called endoscopes.
Zainab Abbas (activist)
Zainab Abbas (born 1950) is a Black British activist working for women’s rights and social change, who has been a notable participant since the late 1960s and '70s in various key organisations of the UK black power movement, such as the Black Liberation Front, the British Black Panthers, and the Brixton Black Women's Group,

British Black Panthers
The British Black Panthers (BBP) or the British Black Panther movement (BPM) was a Black Power organisation in the United Kingdom that fought for the rights of black people and racial minorities in the country. The BBP were inspired by the US Black Panther Party, though they were unaffiliated with them. The British Panthers adopted the principle of political blackness, which included activists of black as well as South Asian origin. The movement started in 1968 and lasted until around 1973.

The movement reached its pinnacle with the 1970 Mangrove Nine Trial. The trial, involving members of the Panther Movement and other black activists, succeeded in fighting  against police harassment of Frank Crichlow's Mangrove restaurant.
Martin Münz
Martin Münz (5 November 1785 – 18 March 1848) was a German anatomist born in Bamberg.

In 1812 he obtained his medical doctorate from the University of Landshut, where in 1814 he earned his habilitation, later becoming an associate professor (1821). Afterwards, he relocated to the University of Würzburg as a professor of anatomy, a position he maintained until his death in 1848. Two of his better known students were Johann Lukas Schönlein (1793-1864) and Franz Leydig (1821-1908).

His best known written effort was "Handbuch der Anatomie des menschlichen Körpers" (Anatomical textbook of the human body), being published in five parts between 1815 and 1836.

Books about Martin Münz:

Martin Münz: Professor der Anatomie in Würzburg (1829-1849): zugleich ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Theatrum anatomicum by Gisela Kirchhoff (1964).

Johann Lukas Schönlein
Johann Lukas Schönlein (30 November 1793 – 23 January 1864) was a German naturalist, and professor of medicine, born in Bamberg.  He studied medicine at Landshut, Jena, Göttingen, and Würzburg.  After teaching at Würzburg and Zurich, he was called to Berlin in 1839, where he taught therapeutics and pathology.
He served as physician to Frederick William IV.
Chenar-e Modvi-e Bala
Chenar-e Modvi-e Bala (Persian: چنارمدوي بالا, also Romanized as Chenār-e Modvī-e Bālā; also known as Chenār-e Modvī) is a village in Kuhdasht-e Shomali Rural District, in the Central District of Kuhdasht County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 164, in 32 families.

Kuhdasht-e Shomali Rural District
Kuhdasht-e Shomali Rural District (Persian: دهستان کوهدشت شمالی) is in the Central District of Kuhdasht County, Lorestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Namju. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Horin Khalifeh.
Gmina Rychtal
Gmina Rychtal is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kępno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Rychtal, which lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) south-west of Kępno and 153 km (95 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.

The gmina covers an area of 96.75 square kilometres (37.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,041.

Kępno
Kępno (Polish pronunciation: [ˈkempno] ⓘ) is a town in south-central Poland. Kępno is located in the historical Wieluń Land. It lies on the outskirts of the Greater Poland Voivodeship, bordering the historical region of Silesia and the Łódź Voivodeship. As of December 31, 2009 Kępno had a population of 14,760. One popular attraction in Kępno is the Rynek (market square).
María Trinidad Sánchez Province
María Trinidad Sánchez (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈɾi.a tɾiniˈðað ˈsantʃes]) is a province of the Dominican Republic. It was split from Samaná Province in September 1959 as Julia Molina Province; in November 1961, it got its current name. The name commemorates a distinguished female soldier in the wars of independence.
María Trinidad Sánchez was the first woman incarcerated and executed by Pedro Santana, a Dominican annexionist president.

Provinces of the Dominican Republic
The Dominican Republic is divided into 31 provinces (provincias), while the national capital, Santo Domingo, is contained within its own district.

The division of the country into provinces is laid down in the constitution (Title I, Section II, Article 5) and enacted by law. The latter is currently Law 5220 on the Territorial Division of the Dominican Republic (Ley No. 5220 sobre División Territorial de la República Dominicana), issued 1959 and frequently amended to create new provinces and lower-level administrative units.