hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Syneresis (chemistry)
Syneresis (also spelled 'synæresis' or 'synaeresis'), in chemistry, is the extraction or expulsion of a liquid from a gel, such as when serum drains from a contracting clot of blood. Another example of syneresis is the collection of whey on the surface of yogurt. Syneresis can also be observed when the amount of diluent in a swollen polymer exceeds the solubility limit as the temperature changes. A household example of this is the counterintuitive expulsion of water from dry gelatin when the temperature increases. Syneresis has also been proposed as the mechanism of formation for the amorphous silica composing the frustule of diatoms.

Gel
A gel is a semi-solid that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough. Gels are defined as a substantially dilute cross-linked system, which exhibits no flow when in the steady state, although the liquid phase may still diffuse through this system.

Gels are mostly liquid by mass, yet they behave like solids because of a three-dimensional cross-linked network within the liquid. It is the cross-linking within the fluid that gives a gel its structure (hardness) and contributes to the adhesive stick (tack). In this way, gels are a dispersion of molecules of a liquid within a solid medium. The word gel was coined by 19th-century Scottish chemist Thomas Graham by clipping from gelatine.

The process of forming a gel is called gelation.
Edward Dugmore
Edward Dugmore (February 20, 1915 – June 13, 1996) was an abstract expressionist painter with close ties to both the San Francisco and New York art worlds in the  post-war era following World War II. Since 1950 he had more than two dozen solo exhibitions of his paintings in galleries across the United States. His paintings have been seen in hundreds of group exhibitions over the years.

Corcoran Gallery of Art
The Corcoran Gallery of Art was an art museum in Washington, D.C., at the location where the Corcoran School of the Arts and Design, a part of the George Washington University, is now.

Founded in 1869 by philanthropist William Wilson Corcoran, the gallery was one of the earliest public art museums in the United States.  It held an important collection that became concentrated in American art. In 1890, it started its art school. Its Beaux-Arts style building on The Ellipse was opened in 1897. Due to a prolonged economic shortfall, the Gallery failed in October 2014; pursuant to its founding charter, its art school and building transferred to GWU and the 19,456 works in its collection were distributed to other public museums and institutions in Washington, D.C., primarily the National Gallery of Art.
Jellinbah coal mine
The Jellinbah East Coal Mine is a coal mine located in the Bowen Basin at Jellinbah in Central Queensland, Australia. The mine has coal reserves amounting to 196 million tonnes of coking coal, one of the largest coal reserves in Australia and the world. The mine has an annual production capacity of 3.5 million tonnes of coal.

The mine is owned by the Jellinbah East Joint Venture which is composed of Jellinbah Group (70%), Marubeni Coal (15%) and Sojitz Coal (15%).  The Central pit is mined by the owner while the Plains pit is mined by Leighton Contractors. Leighton started operations in 2013 after taking over from the John Holland Group in 2013. The mine was founded by Sam Chong, Jim Gorman, Gary Zamel and the late Ken Talbot.  Operations at the open-cut mine begin in 1989.

Coal from Jellinbah East is exported via truck to the Blackwater railway system and on to the Port of Gladstone.

Marubeni
Marubeni Corporation (丸紅株式会社, Marubeni Kabushiki-gaisha) (TYO: 8002, OSE: 8002, NSE: 8002) is a sōgō shōsha (general trading company) headquartered in Otemachi, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. It is one of the largest sogo shosha and has leading market shares in cereal and paper pulp trading as well as a strong electrical and industrial plant business. Marubeni is a member of the Fuyo keiretsu.
Frank McCloskey
Francis Xavier McCloskey (June 12, 1939 – November 2, 2003) was an American journalist, lawyer, and politician from Indiana who served in the United States House of Representatives as a Democrat from 1983 to 1995.

Indiana House of Representatives
The Indiana House of Representatives is the lower house of the Indiana General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Indiana. The House is composed of 100 members representing an equal number of constituent districts. House members serve two-year terms without term limits. According to the 2010 U.S. census, each State House district contains an average of 64,838 people.

The House convenes at the Indiana Statehouse in Indianapolis.
Librarians in popular culture
Librarians in popular culture can be found across many different mediums, including film, television, music and literature. Their portrayal is varied and can represent or subvert various stereotypes. Libraries and librarians are recurring elements in fiction.

Unseen University
The Unseen University (UU) is a school of wizardry in Terry Pratchett's Discworld series of fantasy novels. Located in the fictional city of Ankh-Morpork, the UU is staffed by mostly indolent and inept old wizards. The university's name is a pun on the Invisible College, and many aspects of the university are references to Oxford and Cambridge University. The exploits of the head wizards of the Unseen University are a major component in many of the story lines in the books, playing a central role in 13 novels of the main series, as well as the four supplementary The Science of Discworld books and the short story, A Collegiate Casting-Out of Devilish Devices.
Riko Kaiju
Riko Shirai (白井 理子, Shirai Riko) better known by her ring name Riko Kaiju is a retired Japanese professional wrestler. She is best known for performing in the Japanese promotion Pure-J where she is a former Princess of Pro-Wrestling Champion. She is also known for her time in Seadlinnng and Sukeban

Beyond the Sea Tag Team Championship
The Beyond the Sea Tag Team Championship is a professional wrestling tag team championship created and promoted by the Seadlinnng promotion. The inaugural champions were crowned on July 25, 2018, when Borderless (Rina Yamashita and Yoshiko) defeated Nanae Takahashi and Tsukasa Fujimoto.

Like most professional wrestling championships, the title is won as a result of a scripted match. There have been a total of eleven reigns and two vacancies shared among ten teams and thirteen wrestlers. The titles are currently held by Makoto and Nagisa Nozaki who are in their first reign as a team, but third for Makoto and first for Nozaki individually.
Accessory bile duct
An accessory bile duct is a conduit that transports bile and is considered to be supernumerary or auxiliary to the biliary tree.

It may be described by its location relative to the gallbladder as supravesicular (superior to the gallbladder body) or subvesicular (inferior to the gallbladder body).

Biliary tract
The biliary tract (also biliary tree or biliary system) refers to the liver, gallbladder and bile ducts, and how they work together to make, store and secrete bile. Bile consists of water, electrolytes, bile acids, cholesterol, phospholipids and conjugated bilirubin. Some components are synthesized by hepatocytes (liver cells); the rest are extracted from the blood by the liver.

Bile is secreted by the liver into small ducts that join to form the common hepatic duct. Between meals, secreted bile is stored in the gallbladder. During a meal, the bile is secreted into the duodenum (part of the small intestine) to rid the body of waste stored in the bile as well as aid in the absorption of dietary fats and oils.
Juana de la Concepción
Sister Juana de la Concepción (born Juana de Maldonado y Paz in 1598 in Santiago de Guatemala; died 1666 in Santiago de Guatemala) was a Guatemalan nun, writer, and poet.

She is considered one of the most interesting and controversial figures in Santiago de Guatemala (then the capital of the Captaincy General of Guatemala) during the first half of the 17th century. She enjoyed fame as a poet at the beginning of the 17th century, according to friar and English traveler Thomas Gage (1597-1656).

Sister Juana took her vows as a nun in 1619 and lived until 1666 in the Convent of the Conception in Santiago de Guatemala. She was reputed to be an excellent musician, poet, and writer.  She is sometimes compared to the Mexican poet Juana Inés de la Cruz.

Eduardo Galeano
Eduardo Germán María Hughes Galeano (Spanish: [eˈðwaɾðo ɣaleˈano]; 3 September 1940 – 13 April 2015) was a Uruguayan journalist, writer and novelist considered, among other things, "a literary giant of the Latin American left" and "global soccer's pre-eminent man of letters".

Galeano's best-known works are Las venas abiertas de América Latina (Open Veins of Latin America, 1971) and Memoria del fuego (Memory of Fire, 1982–6). "I'm a writer," the author once said of himself, "obsessed with remembering, with remembering the past of America and above all that of Latin America, intimate land condemned to amnesia."

Author Isabel Allende, who said her copy of Galeano's book was one of the few items with which she fled Chile in 1973 after the military coup of Augusto Pinochet, called Open Veins of Latin America "a mixture of meticulous detail, political conviction, poetic flair, and good storytelling."
Augmented-fourths tuning
Among alternative tunings for guitar, each augmented-fourths tuning is a regular tuning in which the musical intervals between successive open-string notes are each augmented fourths. Because augmented fourths are alternatively called "tritones" ("tri-tones") or "diminished fifths", augmented-fourths tuning is also called tritone tuning or diminished-fifths tuning.

The standard guitar-tuning

E-A-d-g-b'-e'

interjects exactly one major third amid four perfect fourths for the intervals between its successive open strings. In contrast, the augmented fourths tunings

C-F♯-c-f♯-c'-f '♯ and

B-F-b-f-b'-f'

have only augmented-fourths intervals.

The set of augmented-fourths tunings has three properties that simplify learning by beginners and improvisation by experts: Regular intervals, string repetition, and lefty-righty symmetry. These properties characterize augmented-fourths tunings among non-trivial tunings.

William Sethares
William A. Sethares (born April 19, 1955) is an American professor of electrical engineering and music theorist at the University of Wisconsin. In music, he has contributed to the theory of dynamic tonality and provided a formalization of consonance.
PKS 1741−03
PKS 1741−03 is a blazar located in the constellation of Ophiuchus. This core-dominated quasar is located at a redshift of (z) 1.054, found to be highly polarized. It was first discovered in 1970 as an extragalactic radio source by astronomers and has a radio spectrum appearing to be flat, making it a flat-spectrum radio quasar.

Ophiuchus
Ophiuchus (/ˌɒfiˈjuːkəs/) is a large constellation straddling the celestial equator. Its name comes from the Ancient Greek ὀφιοῦχος (ophioûkhos), meaning "serpent-bearer", and it is commonly represented as a man grasping a snake. The serpent is represented by the constellation Serpens. Ophiuchus was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. An old alternative name for the constellation was Serpentarius.
Wilbraham Road railway station
Wilbraham Road railway station was in Whalley Range, Manchester, England, on the Fallowfield Loop line between Manchester Central and Fairfield, via Chorlton. Opened as Alexandra Park in 1892 by the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway, it was near the junction of Alexandra Road South and Mauldeth Road West, close to Alexandra Park, and served the expanding residential suburb of Whalley Range. The railway line has since been converted into a shared use path.

Manchester Central railway station
Manchester Central was a railway station in Manchester city centre, England. One of Manchester's main railway terminals between 1880 and 1969, the building was converted into an exhibition and conference centre which was opened in 1986; originally known as G-MEX, it is now named Manchester Central. The structure is a Grade II* listed building.

On 27 March 2020, the UK government announced that the building would be converted into an emergency hospital, intended to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic and with 1,000 beds. It was opened in April 2020 and closed in March 2021.
National Association of Workhouse Masters and Matrons
The National Association of Workhouse Masters and Matrons was an organisation for the senior staff of workhouses and workhouse infirmaries  established in 1897.

Around 1915 it was renamed the National Association of Masters and Matrons of Poor Law Institutions.

It eventually became the Association of Health and Residential Care Officers and ceased to exist in 1984.

Workhouse infirmary
Workhouse infirmaries were established in the nineteenth century in England.  They developed from the Workhouse and were run under the Poor law regime.

The 1832 Royal Commission into the Operation of the Poor Laws recommended separate workhouses for the aged and infirm.  Clause 45 of the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 established that lunatics could not be held in a workhouse for more than a fortnight.
Category of measurable spaces
In mathematics, the category of measurable spaces, often denoted Meas, is the category whose objects are measurable spaces and whose morphisms are measurable maps.
This is a category because the composition of two measurable maps is again measurable, and the identity function is measurable.

N.B. Some authors reserve the name Meas for categories whose objects are measure spaces, and denote the category of measurable spaces as Mble, or other notations. Some authors also restrict the category only to particular well-behaved measurable spaces, such as standard Borel spaces.

Measure space
A measure space is a basic object of measure theory, a branch of mathematics that studies generalized notions of volumes. It contains an underlying set, the subsets of this set that are feasible for measuring (the σ-algebra), and the method that is used for measuring (the measure). One important  example of a measure space is a probability space.

A measurable space consists of the first two components without a specific measure.
Scotland men's national under-18 basketball team
The Scotland men's national under-18 basketball team is a national basketball team of Scotland, administered by the Basketballscotland. It represents the country in international under-18 basketball competitions.

The team participated at eight FIBA U18 European Championship Division B tournaments. They also won four medals at the FIBA U18 European Championship Division C.

Basketballscotland
Basketball Scotland, stylised basketballscotland, is the governing body of the sport of basketball in Scotland. The organisation manages national competitions and runs the Scotland national basketball team.

They are also founder members of the reformed Great Britain national basketball team. In 2024, basketballscotland joined with Basketball England and Basketball Wales to partner in running youth and Senior teams for Great Britain.

In summer 2025, David Fallon was appointed chief executive of basketballscotland after Kevin Pringle stepped down after 19 years of service.
Chara globularis
Chara globularis is a species of charophyte green algae in the family Characeae. Native to Europe, but widespread among the world, it inhabits fresh and brackish-water environments. The Chara globularis originally documented was identified as the short-end segment(SH) type, with a black fossa wall containing a granulate, papillate, or fine pusticular pattern. An elongate-end(EL) type was previously thought to belong to this same species, but upon re-examination was determined to be phylogenetically separate from the Chara globularis, indicating that it was a different species and, thus, being reclassified as the Chara leptospira.

Characeae
Characeae is a family of freshwater green algae in the order Charales, commonly known as stoneworts. They are also known as brittleworts or skunkweed, from the fragility of their lime-encrusted stems, and from the foul odor these produce when stepped on.

In some treatments, the Characeae includes all the living (extant) species of Charales; this circumscription is followed here. In other treatments, the genus Nitellopsis, which has both extant and extinct species, is placed in a separate family, Feistiellaceae.
Training Center of the Ministry of Interior of Republika Srpska
Training Center of the Ministry of Interior of Republika Srpska (Serbian: Центар за обуку Министарства унутрашњих послова Републике Српска, Centar za obuku Ministarstva unutrašnjih poslova Republike Srpske) is police-type barracks managed by the Ministry of Interior of the Republika Srpska. The center's main use is the training of police officers and as headquarters for police units and police administrations. It is located near Zalužani Airfield in Zalužani, Banja Luka.

The training Center opened on April 4, 2018, during a celebration of the Day of Police, and was opened by the president of Republika Srpska Milorad Dodik, former prime-minister Željka Cvijanović and minister of interior Dragan Lukač. The center is set in the former Zalužani Barracks.

Dragan Lukač
Dragan Lukač (Serbian Cyrillic: Драган Лукач; born 1968) is a Bosnian Serb politician who served as Minister of Interior of Republika Srpska for the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats from 2014 to 2022. He is a former colonel of Police of Republika Srpska and commander of Special Brigade of Police and Sixth Detachment of Special Brigade of Police during the Bosnian War.
Partimento
A partimento (from the Italian: partimento, plural partimenti) is a sketch (often a bass line), written out on a single staff, whose main purpose is to be a guide for the improvisation ("realization") of a composition at the keyboard. A partimento differs from a basso continuo accompaniment in that it is a basis for a complete composition. Partimenti were central to the training of European musicians from the late 1600s until the early 1800s. They were developed in the Italian conservatories, especially at the music conservatories of Naples, and later at the Paris Conservatory, which emulated the Neapolitan conservatories.

Basso continuo
Basso continuo is a harmonic musical structure, almost universal in the Baroque era (1600–1750), that generally consisted of a bassline and a chord progression. The phrase is often shortened to continuo, and the instrumentalists playing the continuo part are called the continuo group.
Holten railway station
Holten is a railway station located in Holten, Netherlands. The station was opened on 1 September 1888 and is located on the Deventer–Almelo railway. It closed on 15 May 1938, but reopened on 1 June 1940. The train services are operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen.

Holten
Holten (Dutch Low Saxon: Hooltn) is a village in the municipality of Rijssen-Holten in the Dutch province of Overijssel. Holten is located in a forested area just south of the Holterberg, a 65-metre (210 ft) hill, and is part of the Sallandse Heuvelrug National Park. The National Park is the only area in the Netherlands in which the black grouse (in Dutch: korhoen) can be found. This grouse population is on the brink of extinction, so parts of the National Park are closed to the public during its breeding season.
HD 179079 b
HD 179079 b is an extrasolar planet which orbits the G-type subgiant star HD 179079, located approximately 228 light years away in the constellation Aquila. This planet has mass only 1/12 that of Jupiter or 1.5 times Neptune. The planet orbits very close to the star, at a distance of 0.11 AU. This planet takes two weeks to revolve around the star. This planet was discovered using the Keck telescopes on August 12, 2009.

Aquila (constellation)
Aquila is a constellation on the celestial equator. Its name is Latin for 'eagle' and it represents the bird that carried Zeus/Jupiter's thunderbolts in Greek-Roman mythology.

Its brightest star, Altair, is one vertex of the Summer Triangle asterism. The constellation is best seen in the northern summer, as it is located along the Milky Way. Because of this location, many clusters and nebulae are found within its borders, but they are dim and galaxies are few.
Beesiiwo
Beesiiwo (meaning "big lizard") is a genus of hyperodapedontine rhynchosaur from the Late Triassic Popo Agie Formation in Western Wyoming. The type and only species is B. cooowuse, known from four specimens consisting of left and right maxilla fragments, and a left dentary fragment.

Hyperodapedontinae
Hyperodapedontinae is a subfamily of rhynchosaurs within the family Rhynchosauridae. Fossils have been found in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, India, Madagascar, Scotland, Tanzania, the United States, and Zimbabwe.
2020 Utah House of Representatives election
The 2020 Utah House of Representatives election was held in the U.S. state of Utah on November 3, 2020 to elect members to the House of Representatives. Elections were held in 75 electoral districts to elect two-year term members to the 64th Utah State Legislature. Elections were also held throughout the state for U.S. president, the U.S. House, and for the Utah Senate.

Primary elections were held on June 30, 2020.

The Republican Party retained majority control of the House by a large margin, losing only one seat to the Democratic Party in the process. This election was the first time the Democrats won 17 seats since 2010.

2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Utah
The 2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Utah were held on November 3, 2020, to elect the four U.S. representatives from the state of Utah, one from each of the state's four congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2020 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections.
Gary Micklewhite
Gary Micklewhite (born 21 March 1961) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Queens Park Rangers, Derby County and Gillingham in the 1980s and early 1990s.

Born in Southwark, London, Micklewhite began his career as a schoolboy with Manchester United, signing for them in March 1976. He turned professional on 23 March 1978, but despite being a regular in the club's reserve team, he could not break into the first team and signed for Queens Park Rangers on 4 July 1979. He came on a free transfer, signed by former United boss Tommy Docherty, and made his debut in a 2-0 win against Blackburn Rovers in October 1981. Micklewhite came on as a substitute for Clive Allen in the 1982 FA Cup Final and started the replay, scoring a goal which was disallowed. In all, Micklewhite played 97 league games, scoring 11 goals for QPR before moving to Derby County in 1985.

Tommy Docherty
Thomas Henderson Docherty (24 April 1928 – 31 December 2020), commonly known as "The Doc", was a Scottish football player and manager. Docherty played for several clubs, most notably Preston North End, and represented Scotland 25 times between 1951 and 1959. He then managed a total of 13 clubs between 1961 and 1988, as well as the Scotland national team. Docherty was manager of Manchester United between 1972 and 1977, during which time they were relegated to the Second Division but promoted back to the First Division as champions at the first attempt.