hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nayland-with-Wissington
Nayland-with-Wissington is a civil parish which comprises the larger village of Nayland and the adjoining rural village of Wissington (these days usually referred to as 'Wiston' by local residents (Knox, 2001)). They were originally two separate parishes and were united into one civil parish in 1884. However, the ecclesiastical parishes remain separate. In 2011 the parish had a population of 1163.

Nayland and Wiston lie on the northern bank of the River Stour which divides Essex and Suffolk in England. It is in the Babergh district.

Babergh District
52°02′53″N 0°56′53″E﻿ / ﻿52.048°N 0.948°E﻿ / 52.048; 0.948

Babergh District (pronounced /ˈbeɪbə/, BAY-bə) is a local government district in Suffolk, England. In 2021 it had a population of 92,300. The district is primarily a rural area, containing just two towns, Sudbury and Hadleigh. The council was based in Hadleigh until 2017, when it moved to shared offices with neighbouring Mid Suffolk District Council in Ipswich, outside either district. The district is named after the medieval Babergh Hundred, which covered part of the area.

The district includes parts of two designated Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, Dedham Vale, known for its association with painter John Constable, and Suffolk Coast and Heaths.

The neighbouring districts are East Suffolk, Ipswich, Mid Suffolk, West Suffolk, Braintree, Colchester and Tendring.
Pullens Lane
Pullens Lane (a.k.a. Pullen's Lane) is in Headington, east Oxford, England. It is located at the top of Headington Hill, leading north off Headington Road to Jack Straw's Lane and Harberton Mead. The cul-de-sac Pullens Field (a.k.a. Pullen's Field, named in 1972) leads off west from Pullens Lane.

Rye St Antony School
Rye St Antony School was an independent Roman Catholic boarding and day school for girls aged 3 to 18 years and boys aged 3 to 11 years in Headington, Oxford, England. The school's name was commonly abbreviated and referred to by both pupils and staff as 'Rye'. Rye was unique as a girls' independent Catholic school due to the fact that it was founded by two women rather than by a religious order.

In 2024, it merged with Headington School to become Headington Rye Oxford.
Comparison of different machine translation approaches
Machine translation (MT) algorithms may be classified by their operating principle. MT may be based on a set of linguistic rules, or on large bodies (corpora) of already existing parallel texts. Rule-based methodologies may consist in a direct word-by-word translation, or operate via a more abstract representation of meaning: a representation either specific to the language pair, or a language-independent interlingua. Corpora-based methodologies rely on machine learning and may follow specific examples taken from the parallel texts, or may calculate statistical probabilities to select a preferred option out of all possible translations.

Transfer-based machine translation
Transfer-based machine translation is a type of machine translation (MT). It is currently one of the most widely used methods of machine translation. In contrast to the simpler direct model of MT, transfer MT breaks translation into three steps: analysis of the source language text to determine its grammatical structure, transfer of the resulting structure to a structure suitable for generating text in the target language, and finally generation of this text. Transfer-based MT systems are thus capable of using knowledge of the source and target languages.
Valley of Fear (film)
Valley of Fear is a 1947 American Western film directed by Lambert Hillyer and written by J. Benton Cheney. The film stars Johnny Mack Brown, Raymond Hatton, Christine McIntyre, Tris Coffin, Ed Cassidy and Eddie Parker. The film was released on February 15, 1947, by Monogram Pictures.

Monogram Pictures
Monogram Pictures Corporation was an American film studio that produced mostly low-budget films between 1931 and 1953, when the firm completed a transition to the name Allied Artists Pictures Corporation. Monogram was among the minor studios in the golden age of Hollywood, generally referred to collectively as Poverty Row. Of the 11 permanent studios in Hollywood at the time, ranked in order of size, MGM was #1 -- and Monogram was #10 (the only one smaller was PRC).

The Monogram trademark is now owned by Allied Artists International. The original sprawling brick complex which functioned as home to both Monogram and Allied Artists remains at 4376 W Sunset Blvd, as part of the Church of Scientology Media Center (formerly KCET's television facilities).
Lampung language
Lampung or Lampungic (cawa Lampung) is an Austronesian language or dialect cluster with around 1.5 million native speakers, who primarily belong to the Lampung ethnic group of southern Sumatra, Indonesia. It is divided into two or three varieties: Lampung Api (also called Pesisir or A-dialect), Lampung Nyo (also called Abung or O-dialect), and Komering. The latter is sometimes included in Lampung Api, sometimes treated as an entirely separate language. Komering people see themselves as ethnically separate from, but related to, Lampung people.

Although Lampung has a relatively large number of speakers, it is a minority language in the province of Lampung, where most of the speakers live. Concerns over the endangerment of the language has led the provincial government to implement the teaching of Lampung language and script for primary and secondary education in the province.

Komering people
The Komering (Indonesian: Orang Komering; Komering: Jolma Kumoring) are an ethnic group that inhabits the land along the Komering River in South Sumatra province.

The Komering tribe are a Lampungnese ethnic group originating from Kepaksian Sekala Brak in Lampung. There are around 530,000 Komering people throughout Indonesia, they are often found along the Komering River which crosses several areas such as; East Ogan Komering Ulu, Ogan Komering Ilir, and South Ogan Komering Ulu regencies in South Sumatra province.
Outline of Egypt
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Egypt:

Egypt, officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Palestine and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan and the Sahara to the south, and Libya to the west. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Cairo is the capital, largest city, and leading cultural centre, while Alexandria is the second-largest city and an important hub of industry and tourism. With over 107 million inhabitants, Egypt is the most populous country in the Arab world, third-most populous country in Africa, and 15th-most populated in the world.

Culture of Egypt
The culture of Egypt has thousands of years of recorded history. A cradle of civilization, Ancient Egypt was among the earliest civilizations in the world. For millennia, Egypt developed strikingly unique, complex and stable cultures that influenced other cultures of Europe, Africa and Asia.
Khasa language
Khasa Prakrit (also known as Khas Prakrit, Sanskrit Khasa, Himalayan Prakrit, Northern Prakrit, Khas Kura) is a Prakrit language of medieval South Asia and a common ancestor language of the Pahari languages, which includes Nepali, Kumaoni, Jaunsari, Mandeali, Kangri, Mahasui and Garhwali languages. It was commonly referred to as खश (Khaśa), खष (Khaṣa), and खशीर (Khaśīra) in the Sanskrit texts.

Indian linguist Suniti Kumar Chatterji suggests that Nepali language developed from Khasa Prakrit. Khas Prakrit is named after the speakers of language, Khas people, who live in the Himalayas.

Jaunsari language
Jaunsari (Devanagari: जौनसारी)  is a Western Pahari language of northern India spoken by the Jaunsari people in the Kalsi, Chakrata and Tyuni sub-districts of Dehradun district in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand state. It is closely related to Sirmauri and Mahasu Pahari, and sometimes considered as the dialect of Mahasu Pahari.

The dialects of Jaunsari share about 60% of their basic vocabulary with each of the neighbouring varieties of Bangani, Jaunpuri, Nagpuriya and Sirmauri.
Issus (river)
Issus, a river in Cilicia, Asia Minor, where Alexander the Great defeated Darius in 333 BC.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wood, James, ed. (1907). The Nuttall Encyclopædia. London and New York: Frederick Warne. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

Cilicia
Cilicia (/sɪˈlɪʃə/, sil-ISH-ə) is a geographical region of southern Anatolia in West Asia, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. Cilicia borders Pamphylia to the west, Lycaonia and Cappadocia to the north, Commagene to the north-east, Syria to the east and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Cilicia has a population ranging over six million, concentrated mostly at the Cilician plain (Turkish: Çukurova). The region includes the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.
Gmina Łaziska
Gmina Łaziska is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Opole Lubelskie County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Łaziska, which lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) west of Opole Lubelskie and 50 km (31 mi) west of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 109.32 square kilometres (42.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,262 (4,996 in 2015).

Opole County, Lublin Voivodeship
Opole County (Polish: powiat opolski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the town of Opole Lubelskie, which lies 44 kilometres (27 mi) west of the regional capital Lublin. The only other town in the county is Poniatowa, lying 8 km (5 mi) north-east of Opole Lubelskie.

The county covers an area of 804.14 square kilometres (310.5 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 59,511, including 9,144 in Poniatowa, 8,421 in Opole Lubelskie, 915 in Józefów nad Wisłą, and a rural population of 41,031.
Diocese of Ibiza
The Diocese of Ibiza (Latin: Dioecesis Ebusitanus) is a diocese of the Catholic Church comprising Ibiza and Formentera situated in the Balearic Islands and located in the ecclesiastical province of Valencia, Spain.

Archdiocese of Tarragona
The Archdiocese of Tarragona (Latin: Archidioecesis Tarraconensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory located in north-eastern Spain, in the province of Tarragona, part of the autonomous community of Catalonia.   The incumbent Metropolitan Archbishop also bears the title Primate of Spain  and heads the ecclesiastical province of Tarragona, having Metropolitan authority over the suffragan dioceses of Girona, Lleida, Solsona, Tortosa, Urgell and Vic.

The archdiocese, created in Roman times, was reestablished in 1118 after the Muslim occupation.
Dongguang County
Dongguang County (simplified Chinese: 东光县; traditional Chinese: 東光縣; pinyin: Dōngguāng Xiàn; lit. 'eastern brightness') is a county under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Cangzhou, in the east of Hebei province, People's Republic of China, bordering Shandong province to the southeast.

Area is 710 km2 (270 sq mi) and population is 340,000 (2020). China National Highway 105 and G2 Beijing–Shanghai Expressway both pass through the county.

Cangzhou
Cangzhou is a prefecture-level city in China forming the southeastern extension of Hebei Province to the coast of the Bohai Sea between Tianjin and Shandong. At the 2020 census, Cangzhou's built-up (or metro) area made of Yunhe district, Xinhua district, and Cang County is largely conurbated with a population of 1,421,843 inhabitants, while the prefecture-level administrative unit in total has a population of 7,300,783. The resident population at the end of 2024 was 7,227,700, a decrease of 36,900 from the end of the previous year. It lies approximately 90 kilometres (56 mi) from the major port city of Tianjin, and 180 km (110 mi) from Beijing.
Palam taluka
Palam taluka is one of the nine talukas in Parbhani district. Palam is the headquarter of Palam taluka.

There are 82 villages in Palam Taluka.

In this taluka there are 2 famous shrines Shri Sant Nivrutti Maharaj  shrine in Pendu (BK) village and Shri Sant Motiram Maharaj Shrine at Phala Village.

Parbhani district
Parbhani district (Marathi pronunciation: [pəɾbʰəɳiː] ⓘ) is one of the eight districts in the Marathawada region of Maharashtra state of India. Parbhani city is the headquarters of this district. The district is well known for the Marathwada rebellion and religious tourism(Hinduism, Jainism).
Gmina Poświętne, Łódź Voivodeship
Gmina Poświętne is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Opoczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Poświętne, approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) north of Opoczno and 69 km (43 mi) southeast of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers 140.87 square kilometres (54.4 sq mi)s. As of 2006 its total population is 3,318.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Spała Landscape Park.

Opoczno County
Opoczno County (Polish: powiat opoczyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, south-east Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Opoczno, which lies 72 kilometres (45 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Drzewica, lying 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Opoczno.

The county covers an area of 1,038.77 square kilometres (401.1 sq mi). As of 2009 its total population is 78,467, out of which the population of Opoczno is 21,635 (2016), that of Drzewica is 3,913 (2016), and the rural population is 52,006.
Chorzele
Chorzele [xɔˈʐɛlɛ] is a town in Przasnysz County, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland, on the Orzyc River.

As of December 2021, the town has a population of 3,047.

The town is crossed by the national road No. 57 Bartoszyce - Pułtusk and provincial roads 614 to Myszyniec and 616 to Ciechanów. The international airport in Szymany is located 25 km (16 mi) north of the city.

Myszyniec
Myszyniec [mɨˈʂɨɲɛt͡s] is a town in Ostrołęka County, Masovian Voivodeship, northeastern Poland, with 2,950 inhabitants (2010). It is located in the ethnocultural region of Kurpie in the historic region of Masovia.
Fereej Al Amir
Fereej Al Amir (Arabic: فريج الأمير) is a district in Qatar, located in the municipality of Al Rayyan.

In the 2015 census, it was listed as a district of zone no. 54 which has a population of 24,593 and also includes Baaya, Muraikh, Luaib, Fereej Al Soudan, and Mehairja.

It borders Luaib to the west, Fereej Al Soudan and Mehairja to the south, Al Sadd in Doha to the east, and Old Al Rayyan to the north.

Fereej Al Soudan
Fereej Al Soudan (Arabic: فريج السودان, romanized: Farīj as-Sūdān) is a district in Qatar, located in the municipality of Al Rayyan. It is mainly a residential area. In the 2015 census, it was listed as a district of Zone 55 which has a population of 283,675 and also includes Bu Sidra, Al Aziziya, Al Waab, New Fereej Al Ghanim, Muaither, Al Mearad, Fereej Al Manaseer, Fereej Al Murra and Al Sailiya. It is also listed as a district of Zone 54.

It borders Al Waab district to the south and Fereej Al Nasr and Al Sadd districts in Doha to the east. The district is connected to Al Waab through Al Waab Street, and both districts are being jointly developed as part of the Fereej Al Soudan District Centre plan. Furthermore, the District Centre will be complemented by infrastructure built in the neighboring Al Rayyan South Metropolitan Centre and Al Sadd Town Centre.
Mowat ministry
The Mowat ministry was the combined cabinet (formally the Executive Council of Ontario) that governed Ontario from October 25, 1872, to July 21, 1896. It was led by the 3rd Premier of Ontario, Oliver Mowat. The ministry was made up of members of the Liberal Party of Ontario, which commanded a majority of the seats in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.

The ministry replaced the Blake ministry following the resignation of Premier Edward Blake, who departed in 1872 to pursue a career in federal politics. The Mowat Hardy ministry governed through the second half of the 2nd Parliament of Ontario, as well as every parliament from the 3rd to the 7th, then the first half of the 8th Parliament of Ontario. It was the longest-lived Ontario ministry, nearly ten years longer than the second longest ministry Davis ministry.

Mowat resigned in 1896 to serve in Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier's federal cabinet. He was succeeded as Premier of Ontario by Arthur Sturgis Hardy.

Davis ministry
The Davis ministry was the combined cabinet (formally the Executive Council of Ontario) that governed Ontario from March 1, 1971, to February 8, 1985. It was the longest-lived ministry of Ontario in the 20th century.

It was led by the 18th Premier of Ontario, Bill Davis. The ministry was made up of members of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, which commanded at first a majority, and then a minority, before returning at last to majority status in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.

The ministry replaced the Robarts ministry following the resignation of Premier John Robarts and the 1971 PC leadership convention. The Davis ministry governed through the last few months of the 28th Parliament of Ontario, through the entirety of the 29th, 30th, and 31st Parliaments of Ontario, and most of the 32nd Parliament of Ontario.

Davis resigned as Premier of Ontario in 1985 and was succeeded as Premier of Ontario by David Peterson.
Catholic High School of Pointe Coupee
Catholic of Pointe Coupee  is a Catholic Interparochial school in New Roads, Louisiana.  It was founded in 1904 by the Sisters of St. Joseph who were commissioned to bring Catholic education to Pointe Coupee Parish.

New Roads, Louisiana
New Roads (historically French: Poste-de-Pointe-Coupée) is a city in and the parish seat of Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana, United States. The center of population of Louisiana was located in New Roads in 2000. The population was 4,831 at the 2010 census, down from 4,966 in 2000. In the 2020 census the population was 4,549, while at the beginning year of 2023 the census showed a population of 4,205 and expects to be under 4,000 by the years end. The city's ZIP code is 70760. It is part of the Baton Rouge Metropolitan Statistical Area.
15th Special Forces Division
The 15th Special Forces Division (Arabic: الفرقة 15 للقوات الخاصة) was a division of the Syrian Armed Forces specializing in light infantry operations, based in the As-Suwayda Governorate. The Division was part of the Syrian Army's 1st Corps.

4th Armoured Division (Syria)
The 4th Armoured Division (Arabic: الفرقة الرابعة, romanized: al-Firqa ar-Rābiʿah) was an elite formation of the Syrian Arab Army whose primary purpose was to defend Syria from internal and external threats. The division was considered one of the most combat-ready formations of the Syrian Arab Army. It played a key role in some battles of the Syrian Civil War.
2002 US Open – Men's singles
Pete Sampras defeated Andre Agassi in the final, 6–3, 6–4, 5–7, 6–4 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2002 US Open. It was his fifth US Open title (an Open Era record) and his all-time record-extending 14th and last major title overall. The final was a rematch of the 1990 and 1995 US Open finals, where Sampras won his first and seventh major titles respectively. It was the 34th and final meeting between the pair (with Sampras' victory ending the head-to-head at 20–14 in his favor) and Sampras' last professional appearance, though he did not officially declare his retirement until 2003. Sampras became the only man in the Open Era to win the final Grand Slam that he played.

Lleyton Hewitt was the defending champion, but lost to Agassi in the semifinals.

This marked the most recent occasion where eight different men appeared in the four major singles finals of a calendar year.

1995 US Open – Men's singles
Pete Sampras defeated defending champion Andre Agassi in the final, 6–4, 6–3, 4–6, 7–5 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1995 US Open. It was his third US Open title and seventh major title overall.

Agassi later named his defeat in the final as a contributing factor to his mental struggles and performance slump over the next two years.
Flavobacterium aquicola
Flavobacterium aquicola  is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Flavobacterium which has been isolated from water from the Tamagawa River in Atsugi in Japan.

Flavobacterium
Flavobacterium is a genus of Gram-negative, nonmotile and motile, rod-shaped bacteria that consists of 130 recognized species.  Flavobacteria are found in soil and fresh water in a variety of environments. Several species are known to cause disease in freshwater fish.

Flavobacterium psychrophilum causes the bacterial cold water disease on salmonids and the rainbow trout fry disease on rainbow trout.
F. columnare causes the cotton-wool disease on freshwater fishes.
F. branchiophilum causes the bacterial gill disease on trout.  Another member of this genus, F. okeanokoites is the original source for the type IIs restriction endonuclease FokI, used in Zinc finger nucleases and TALENs.

Species who are a part of the genus Flavobacterium are most likely found scattered along in nature. These microbes are mostly found in aquatic ecosystems and wet areas with freshwater or seawater.
Francis of Assisi (film)
Francis of Assisi is a 1961 DeLuxe CinemaScope epic film directed by Michael Curtiz, based on the 1958 novel The Joyful Beggar by Louis de Wohl. The film starred Bradford Dillman, in one of his few sympathetic leading film roles (he usually played a villainous character onscreen), Dolores Hart and Stuart Whitman. Shot entirely in Italy, it was a box-office bomb.

Two years after initial release, Hart, who played St. Clare, became a Catholic nun at the Benedictine Abbey of Regina Laudis in Bethlehem, Connecticut.

Al-Kamil
Al-Malik al-Kamil Nasir ad-Din Muhammad (Arabic: الملك الكامل ناصر الدين محمد; c. 1177 – 6 March 1238), titled Abu al-Maʽali (Arabic: أبي المعالي), was an Egyptian ruler and the fourth Ayyubid sultan of Egypt. During his tenure as sultan, the Ayyubids defeated the Fifth Crusade. He was known to the Frankish crusaders as Meledin, a name by which he is referred to in some older western sources. As a result of the Sixth Crusade, he ceded West Jerusalem to the Christians and is known to have met with Saint Francis.
Pynazolam
Pynazolam is a triazolobenzodiazepine derivative which has been sold online as a designer drug. It was first described in the 1970s by a team led by Leo Sternbach, but it was never marketed.

In silico studies suggest it has relatively potent hypnotic and sedative effects.
Further research is limited, and thus very little is known about the drug's pharmacological properties.

Triazolobenzodiazepine
Triazolobenzodiazepines (TBZD) are a class of benzodiazepine (BZD) derivative pharmaceutical drugs.  Chemically, they differ from other benzodiazepines by having an additional triazole ring fused to the diazepine ring. The triazole and diazepine rings share a nitrogen atom.

Examples include:

Adinazolam

Alprazolam

Bromazolam

Clonazolam

Estazolam

Flualprazolam

Flubromazolam

Flunitrazolam

Nitrazolam

Pyrazolam

Triazolam

Zapizolam