hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glider (aircraft)
A glider is a fixed-wing aircraft that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its lifting surfaces, and whose free flight does not depend on an engine. Most gliders do not have an engine, although motor-gliders have small engines for extending their flight when necessary by sustaining the altitude (normally a sailplane relies on rising air to maintain altitude) with some being powerful enough to take off by self-launch.

There are a wide variety of types differing in the construction of their wings, aerodynamic efficiency, location of the pilot, controls and intended purpose. Most exploit meteorological phenomena to maintain or gain height. Gliders are principally used for the air sports of gliding, hang gliding and paragliding. However some spacecraft have been designed to descend as gliders and in the past military gliders have been used in warfare. Some simple and familiar types of glider are toys such as paper planes and balsa wood gliders.

Radio-controlled glider
A radio-controlled glider is a type of radio-controlled aircraft that normally does not have any form of propulsion. They are able to sustain continuous flight by exploiting the lift produced by slopes and thermals, controlled remotely from the ground with a transmitter. They can be constructed from a variety of materials, including wood, plastic, polymer foams, and composites, and can vary in wing loading from very light to relatively heavy, depending on their intended use.

International radio-controlled glider competitions are regulated by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) although many countries have their own national classes.
Alan R. Battersby
Sir Alan Rushton Battersby (4 March 1925 – 10 February 2018) was an English organic chemist best known for his work to define the chemical intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway to vitamin B12 and the reaction mechanisms of the enzymes involved. His research group was also notable for its synthesis of radiolabelled precursors to study alkaloid biosynthesis and the stereochemistry of enzymic reactions. He won numerous awards including the Royal Medal in 1984 and the Copley Medal in 2000. He was knighted in the 1992 New Year Honours. Battersby died in February 2018 at the age of 92.

Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry
The Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry is the University of Cambridge's chemistry department. It was formed from a merger in the early 1980s of two separate departments that had moved into the Lensfield Road building decades earlier: the Department of Physical Chemistry (originally led by Professor Ronald Norrish FRS, Nobel Laureate; the department was previously located near the Old Cavendish in Free School Lane - see photo) and the Department of Chemistry (that included theoretical chemistry and which was led by Lord (Alexander) Todd FRS, Nobel Laureate) respectively. Research interests in the department cover a broad of chemistry ranging from molecular biology to geophysics. The department is located on the Lensfield Road, next to the Panton Arms on the South side of Cambridge. In December 2020, it was renamed for 30 years in recognition of a donation from Dr Yusuf Hamied, an alumnus of the department.
SS Nailsea Court
SS Nailsea Court was a UK cargo steamship. She was launched in 1936 in Sunderland, England. She was named after Nailsea Court in Somerset, England, which is an historic Elizabethan manor house. A U-boat sank her in the North Atlantic in March 1943. 45 men died and only four survived.

Evans and Reid of Cardiff managed Nailsea Court, and she was the third ship under their management to bear this name. The first was a steamship launched in 1902 as Graphic. She was renamed Nailsea Court in 1915 and sunk by a U-boat in 1917. The second was a steamship launched in 1920 as H. H. Asquith. She was renamed Nailsea Court in 1932, then Nailsea Manor in 1936, then sold and renamed Danbryn in 1937.

Defensively equipped merchant ship
Defensively equipped merchant ship (DEMS) was an Admiralty Trade Division programme established in June 1939, to arm 5,500 British merchant ships with an adequate defence against enemy submarines and aircraft. The acronym DEMS was used to describe the ships carrying the guns, the guns aboard the ships, the military personnel manning the guns, and the shore establishment supporting the system. This followed a similar World War I program of defensively armed merchant ships (DAMS).

The program was distinct from armed merchant cruiser program, which were warships converted from civilian vessels, operated by the Royal Navy itself.
Yeshaq Iyasu
Yeshaq Iyasu was a proclaimed Emperor of Ethiopia in 1685. He claimed to be the grandson of Susenyos by a son who had fled the Empire south of the Abay before Fasilides had imprisoned all of his male relatives on Wehni, and was supported by Qegnazmach Wale of Damot, and Tabdan the Hermit of Guondj. Although Yeshaq was supported in Gojjam, the center of his power was south of the Abay in Guduru.

James Bruce states that Wale and Tabdan were motivated by religious objections to the decrees of Abuna Sinoda, while E.A. Wallis Budge writes they were enemies of Emperor Iyasu the Great. Emperor Iyasu's response was to immediately march against them, engage Yeshaq's supporters in a sudden battle that left them either dead or scattered, took the pretender captive, and had him executed. However, both the Qegnazmach and Tabdan were pardoned.

Fasilides
Fasilides (Ge'ez: ፋሲለደስ; Fāsīladas; 20 November 1603 – 18 October 1667), also known as Fasil, Basilide, or Basilides (as in the works of Edward Gibbon), was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1632 to his death on 18 October 1667, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. His throne name was Alam Sagad (Ge'ez: ዓለም ሰገድ).

Renowned as the founder of Gondar, the capital of the Ethiopian Empire, Fasilides ushered in the Gondarine period. Notably, he confiscated and exiled the Jesuits, while also establishing security alliances with neighboring Islamic sultanates. Additionally, he played a crucial role in leading the campaign against the Agaw rebels. In 1666, following his son Dawit's rebellion, Fasilides had him imprisoned in Wehni. The emperor himself died a year later and was buried in a monastery on Daga Island in Lake Tana.
Riverside Motorsports Park
Riverside Motorsports Park was a proposed 1,200-acre (5 km2), motorsports-themed family entertainment park to be built in Merced County, California. The name "Riverside Motorsports Park" was not derived from its location (which was miles from the nearest river).  Instead, the name was derived from the configuration of the park's 3+1⁄2-mile Road Course, which would have replicated, as closely as possible (given current track safety requirements), the road course at the Riverside International Raceway (Riverside, California) that closed in 1989.  The RMP site was next to the former Castle Air Force Base, which is now operated as Castle Airport.

Castle Air Force Base
Castle Air Force Base (Castle AFB, 1941–1995) is a former United States Air Force Strategic Air Command base in California, northeast of Atwater, northwest of Merced, and about 115 miles (185 km) south of Sacramento.

The Central Valley base in unincorporated Merced County was closed in 1995, pursuant to a Base Realignment and Closure Commission decision after the end of the Cold War and the disestablishment of Strategic Air Command (SAC).  It is now known as the Castle Airport Aviation and Development Center.
IdeaCentre
The Lenovo IdeaCentre is a line of consumer-oriented desktop computers designed, developed and marketed by Lenovo. The first IdeaCentre desktop, the IdeaCentre K210, was announced by Lenovo on June 30, 2008 as a consumer-focussed alternative to the business-oriented ThinkCentre and ThinkStation brandnames acquired from IBM. While the IdeaCentre line consists entirely of desktops, they share a common design language with the IdeaPad line of laptops and hybrids. One such feature is Veriface facial recognition technology.

ThinkStation
ThinkStation is a brand of professional workstations from Lenovo announced in November 2007 and then released in January 2008. They are designed to be used for high-end computing and computer-aided design (CAD) tasks and primarily compete with other enterprise workstation lines, such as Dell's Precision, HP's Z line, Acer's Veriton K series, and Apple's Mac Pro line.
Eventide (EP)
Eventide is a five-track extended play by Australian singer-songwriter, Monique Brumby. It was released in August 1998 by Sony Music Australia. A music video for its lead track, "Wrecking Ball", was released to promote the EP.

In Hobart newspaper, The Examiner, on 13 October 1998, former local resident Brumby described the EP to the reporter, "There's a lot more space in the music on Eventide. The songs have got more of an edge and there's also some experimentation with electronica. We thought we'd release the five tracks as a bit of a taste test." She explained that it would provide a "bridge" between her debut album, Thylacine (1997), and her next one.

Thylacine (album)
Thylacine is the debut studio album by Australian singer-songwriter, Monique Brumby.

At the ARIA Music Awards of 1998, the album was nominated for Best Female Artist, but lost out to Left of the Middle by Natalie Imbruglia.
Roger Dawson
Roger Dawson (born March 19, 1940) is a jazz percussionist, conga drummer, bandleader, and jazz composer. He was a leading jazz and salsa disc jockey in the US and was acknowledged as being at the forefront of New York's salsa music explosion of the seventies and early eighties. He was the creator of the long-running "Salsa Meets Jazz" concert series at New York's Village Gate club.

Joe Cuba
Gilberto Miguel Calderón (April 22, 1931 – February 15, 2009), known professionally as Joe Cuba, was an American conga drummer of Puerto Rican descent who was widely regarded as the "Father of Latin Boogaloo".
De Trieme
De Trieme (Dutch: Triemen, Low German: De Triem) is a village in Noardeast-Fryslân municipality in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands.

It had a population of around 318 in January 2017. Before 2019, the village was part of the Kollumerland en Nieuwkruisland municipality. The village was first mentioned in 1467 as Trema, and means beam bridge. In 1840, De Trieme was home to 294 people.

The village's official name was changed from Triemen to De Trieme in 2023.

Noardeast-Fryslân
Noardeast-Fryslân (West Frisian pronunciation: [noəˈtɪəst ˈfrislɔ̃ːn]; lit. 'Northeast Friesland') is a municipality of Friesland in the northern Netherlands. It was established 1 January 2019  and consists of the former municipalities of Dongeradeel, Ferwerderadiel and Kollumerland en Nieuwkruisland, all three of which dissolved on the same day.

The municipality is located in the province of Friesland on the Wadden Sea coast, in the north of the Netherlands. Noardeast-Fryslân is bordered by the municipalities of Waadhoeke, Ameland, Schiermonnikoog, Leeuwarden, Dantumadiel and the province of Groningen. The population in January 2019 was 45,181. It is Friesland's seventh-most populous municipality. The largest population centre (2018 population, 12,576) is Dokkum. The residents speak West Frisian, a Dutch Low Saxon dialect or Dutch.

Part of the municipality are the Engelsmanplaat sandbank and most of the Rif sandbank (which is shared with Schiermonnikoog for a small part).
Ted White (author)
Theodore Edwin White (born February 4, 1938) is an American science fiction writer, editor and fan, as well as a music critic. He writes and edits as Ted White. In addition to books and stories written under his own name, he has also co-authored novels with Dave Van Arnam as Ron Archer, and with Terry Carr as Norman Edwards. He won a Hugo Award in 1968.

Marv Wolfman
Marvin Arthur Wolfman (born May 13, 1946) is an American comic book and novelization writer. He worked on Marvel Comics's The Tomb of Dracula (1972–1979), for which he and artist Gene Colan created the vampire-slayer Blade, and DC Comics's The New Teen Titans and the Crisis on Infinite Earths limited series with George Pérez.

Among the many characters Wolfman created or co-created are Cyborg, Raven, Starfire, Deathstroke, Tim Drake, Rose Wilson, Nova, Black Cat, Phobia, Bullseye, Vigilante (Adrian Chase), the Omega Men, and the Nightwing identity of Dick Grayson.
Alfred Iverson Jr.
Alfred Iverson Jr. (February 14, 1829 – March 31, 1911) was a lawyer, an officer in the Mexican–American War, a U.S. Army cavalry officer, and a Confederate general in the American Civil War. He served in the 1862–63 campaigns of the Army of Northern Virginia as a regimental and later brigade commander. His career was fatally damaged by a disastrous infantry assault at the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg. General Robert E. Lee removed Iverson from his army and sent him to cavalry duty in Georgia. During the Atlanta campaign, he achieved a notable success in a cavalry action near Macon, Georgia, capturing Union Army Maj. Gen. George Stoneman and hundreds of his men.

Douglas Southall Freeman
Douglas Southall Freeman (May 16, 1886 – June 13, 1953) was an American historian, biographer, newspaper editor, radio commentator, and author. He is best known for his multi-volume biographies of Robert E. Lee and George Washington, for both of which he was awarded Pulitzer Prizes.
'Abd ar-Rahman of Bornu
ʽAbd ar-Rahman bin Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi (died December 1854), sometimes called Abdurrahman or Darman, was briefly the shehu (ruler) of the Kanem–Bornu Empire from 1853 to 1854. He was the son of shehu Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi, the founder of the al-Kanemi dynasty, and the younger brother of shehu Umar Kura. A skilled military commander, ʽAbd ar-Rahman played an important role in defending Bornu against external threats, including an 1846 invasion by the Wadai Sultanate, as well as an in the empire's expansion.

ʽAbd ar-Rahman's reputation for cruelty and ambition, as well as his rivalry with the waziri (vizier) al-Hajj Bashir, led to deep divisions at the imperial court in Kukawa. ʽAbd ar-Rahman deposed his half-brother Umar Kura in a coup d'état and ruled for less than a year before being overthrown and executed.

Heinrich Barth
Johann Heinrich Barth (/bɑːrθ, bɑːrt/; German: [baʁt]; 16 February 1821 – 25 November 1865) was a German explorer of Africa and scholar.

Barth is thought to be one of the greatest of the European explorers of Africa, as his scholarly preparation, ability to speak and write Arabic, learning African languages, and character meant that he carefully documented the details of the cultures he visited. He was among the first to comprehend the uses of oral history of peoples, and collected many.  He established friendships with African rulers and scholars during his five years of travel (1850–1855).  After the deaths of two European companions, he completed his travels with the aid of Africans. Afterwards, he wrote and published a five-volume account of his travels in both English and German.  It has been invaluable for scholars of his time and since.
Monticalia
Monticalia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.

Species include:

Monticalia angustifolia

Monticalia befarioides

Monticalia empetroides

Monticalia microdon

Monticalia micropachyphyllus

Monticalia mutisii

Monticalia myrsinites

Monticalia nitida

Monticalia peruviana

Monticalia pulchella

Monticalia rosmarinifolia

Monticalia stuebelii

Monticalia teretifolia

Monticalia befarioides
Monticalia befarioides is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is found only in Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Iliac spine
The ilium is a bone of the pelvic girdle with four bony projections, each serving as attachment points for muscles and ligaments:

Anterior superior iliac spine

Anterior inferior iliac spine

Posterior superior iliac spine

Posterior inferior iliac spine

Posterior superior iliac spine
The posterior border of the ala of the ilium, shorter than the anterior, also presents two projections separated by a notch, the posterior superior iliac spine and the posterior inferior iliac spine. The posterior superior iliac spine serves for the attachment of the oblique portion of the posterior sacroiliac ligaments and the multifidus.
Suai Airport
Suai Airport (IATA: UAI, ICAO: WPDB), officially Commander in Chief of FALINTIL, Kay Rala Xanana Gusmão, International Airport (Portuguese: Aeroporto Internacional Comandante-Chefe das FALINTIL, Kay Rala Xanana Gusmão, Tetum: Aeroportu Internasionál Komandante Xefe FALINTIL, Kay Rala Xanana Gusmão), and also known as Covalima Airport, is an airport serving Suai, in Cova Lima Municipality, Timor-Leste.

Cova Lima Municipality
Cova Lima (Portuguese: Município Cova Lima, Tetum: Munisípiu Kovalima) is a municipality of Timor-Leste, in the Southwest part of the country. It has a population of 59,455 (Census 2010) and an area of 1,230 km2. The capital of the municipality is Suai, which lies 136 km from Dili, the national capital.
July–September 2016 UK Independence Party leadership election
The September 2016 UK Independence Party leadership election was triggered after Nigel Farage, the leader of the UK Independence Party, announced on 4 July 2016, following the Leave result in the UK referendum on EU membership, that he would step down when a new leader had been elected.

As more than one candidate ran for the party leadership, it was the first contested UKIP leadership election since 2010; Farage won the 2014 leadership election unopposed. Diane James won with 8,451 votes. However, just 18 days later, she stepped down as leader and Farage was reinstated as interim leader. A second leadership election was held in November, which was won by Paul Nuttall.

2010 UK Independence Party leadership election
The UK Independence Party (UKIP) leadership election of 2010 was triggered on 17 August 2010 with the resignation of the incumbent leader, Lord Pearson of Rannoch, following difficulties during the 2010 general election campaign, with the result announced on 5 November 2010. Lord Pearson of Rannoch had been leader of the party since the previous leadership election, less than a year earlier. Jeffrey Titford was appointed interim leader during the summer by the UKIP National Executive Committee. Nigel Farage won the election with over 60% of the vote.
Horowpothana Electoral District
Horowpothana electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between August 1947 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Horowpothana in Anuradhapura District, North Central Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Horoupothana electoral district was replaced by the Anuradhapura multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections, the first under the proportional representation system, though Anuradhapura continues to be a polling division of the multi-member electoral district.

Anuradhapura Electoral District
Anuradhapura electoral district is one of the 22 multi-member electoral districts of Sri Lanka created by the 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka. The district is conterminous with the administrative district of Anuradhapura in the North Central province. The district currently elects 9 of the 225 members of the Sri Lankan Parliament and had 579,261 registered electors in 2010. The district is Sri Lanka's Electorate Number 17.
Grid plan
In urban planning, the grid plan, grid street plan, or gridiron plan is a type of city plan in which streets run perpendicular (at right angles) to each other, forming a grid.

Two inherent characteristics of the grid plan, frequent intersections and orthogonal geometry, facilitate movement. The geometry helps with orientation and wayfinding and its frequent intersections with the choice and directness of route to desired destinations.

In ancient Rome, the grid plan method of land measurement was called centuriation. The grid plan dates from antiquity and originated in multiple cultures; some of the earliest planned cities were built using grid plans in the Indian subcontinent.

Decumanus
In Roman urban planning, a decumanus was an east–west-oriented road in a Roman city or castrum (military camp). The main decumanus of a particular city was the decumanus maximus, or most often simply "the decumanus". In the rectangular street grid of the typical Roman city plan, the decumanus was crossed by the perpendicular cardo, a north–south street.

In a military camp, the decumanus connected the Porta Praetoria (closest to the enemy) to the Porta Decumana (away from the enemy).

In the center – called groma – of a city or castrum, the decumanus maximus crossed the perpendicular cardo maximus, the primary north–south road. The forum was normally located close to this intersection.
Madonna Standing (van der Weyden)
The Madonna Standing (or Madonna al latte) is a small painting by the Flemish artist Rogier van der Weyden dating from about 1430–1432. It is the left panel of a diptych held in the Kunsthistorisches Museum (KHM), Vienna since 1772. The right panel portrays St. Catherine and is also attributed by the KHM to van der Weyden, but is inferior in quality and generally regarded as by a workshop member.

The panel shows the Madonna and Child standing in a painted niche. The architecture of the niche's contains biblical and heavenly figures rendered in grisaille, including God the Father, the Holy Spirit represented by a dove, and Adam and Eve. The painting is influenced by Jan van Eyck's Ghent Altarpiece, which the younger artist probably saw after he moved to Ghent around 1432. Borrowings from van Eyck include the positioning of a living figure in a niche, separating Adam and Eve across panels, and placing figure of God leaning on the frame.

Niche (architecture)
In architecture, a niche (CanE, UK: /ˈniːʃ/ or US: /ˈnɪtʃ/) is a recess or cavity constructed in the thickness of a wall for the reception of decorative objects such as statues, busts, urns, and vases. In Classical architecture examples are an exedra or an apse that has been reduced in size, retaining the half-dome heading usual for an apse. In the first century B.C, there was no exact mention of niches, but rather a zotheca or small room. These rooms closely resemble alcoves similar to a niche but slightly larger. Different sizes and sculpture methods suggest the term niche was understood. Greeks and Romans especially, used niches for important family tombs.
1939 South African Grand Prix
The 1939 South African Grand Prix was a voiturette race held at the Prince George Circuit in East London, South Africa on 2 January 1939. The race consisted of 18 laps, each with a distance of 11.03 miles (17.75 km).

It was the last major international race in South Africa until 1960. Luigi Villoresi won the race with an average speed just under 100 miles per hour (160 km/h). Third-place finisher Mario Massacuratti had the fastest lap.

Prince George Circuit
Prince George Circuit is a race circuit in East London in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. On this course the South African Grand Prix was hosted in 1934, and 1936 to 1939 when racing was halted due to World War II, and then in 1960–1966.