hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
8×68mm S
The 8×68mm S rebated rim bottlenecked centerfire rifle cartridge was developed in the 1930s by August Schüler of the August Schüler Waffenfabrik, Suhl, Germany as a magnum hunting cartridge that would just fit and function in standard-sized Mauser 98 bolt-action rifles. The bore has the same lands and grooves diameters as the German 7.92×57mm Mauser service cartridge (designated as "S-bore"). This is one of the early examples where a completely new rifle cartridge (the 6.5×68mm and 8×68mm S have no other cartridge as parent case) was developed by a gunsmith to fit a specific popular and widespread type of rifle.

Commission internationale permanente pour l'épreuve des armes à feu portatives
The Commission internationale permanente pour l'épreuve des armes à feu portatives (English: Permanent International Commission for the Proof of Small Arms), abbreviated C.I.P., is an international organisation which sets safety standards for firearms. As of 2015 its members are 14 national governments, of which 11 are European Union states. The C.I.P. safeguards all firearms and ammunition sold to civilian purchasers in member states.

To achieve this, the firearms are proof tested at C.I.P. accredited Proof Houses. The same applies for cartridges. At regular intervals, cartridges are tested against the C.I.P. pressure specifications at the ammunition manufacturing plants and at C.I.P. accredited Proof Houses.
Progress MS-09
Progress MS-09 (Russian: Прогресс МC-09), identified by NASA as Progress 70P, was a Progress spaceflight operated by Roscosmos to resupply the International Space Station (ISS). This was the 161st flight of a Progress spacecraft.

Luch (satellite)
The Luch (Russian: Луч; lit. Ray) Satellite Data Relay Network (SDRN), also referred to as Altair and Gelios, is a series of geosynchronous Russian relay satellites, used to transmit live TV images, communications and other telemetry from the Soviet/Russian space station Mir, the Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) of the International Space Station and other orbital spacecraft to the Earth, in a manner similar to that of the US Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System.
Bahrain–Qatar relations
Bilateral relations between the State of Qatar and the Kingdom of Bahrain first began in 1971, when both countries gained independence from the United Kingdom. The two are often considered "sister nations", sharing close cultural and historical ties.

Despite their cultural and historical ties, the two have historically had fraught relations due to several territorial and diplomatic disputes.

On 5 June 2017, Bahrain along with three other Arab nations officially cut diplomatic ties with Qatar, giving the country's diplomats 48 hours to leave, and signaling the start of the Qatar diplomatic crisis. On 13 April 2023,  Bahrain and Qatar officially resumed their diplomatic relations, two years after the blockade on the latter was resolved.

House of Khalifa
The House of Khalifa (Arabic: آل خليفة, romanized: Āl Khalīfah) is the ruling family of the Kingdom of Bahrain. They profess Sunni Islam and belong to the Anizah tribe. Some members of this tribe joined the Utub alliance which migrated from Najd in central Arabia to Kuwait, then ruled all of Qatar, more specifically Al Zubarah, which they built and ruled over before settling in Bahrain in the early 17th century. The current head of the family is King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, who became the Emir of Bahrain in 1999 and proclaimed himself King of Bahrain in 2002, in fact becoming a constitutional monarch.

As of 2025, roughly half of the serving cabinet ministers of Bahrain were members of the Al Khalifa royal family, while the country's Prime Minister, Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa, is also from the Al Khalifa family and is the son of the current King.
Chateau Tongariro
The Grand Chateau, also known as the Chateau Tongariro, was a hotel and resort complex located in Whakapapa Village close to Whakapapa skifield on the slopes of Mount Ruapehu, within the boundaries of Tongariro National Park, New Zealand's oldest national park. It is also close to the volcanic peaks of Mount Tongariro and Mount Ngauruhoe. The building was completed in 1929 and, despite extensive refurbishment, still retains much of the style of the pre-Depression era. It is listed by Heritage New Zealand as a Category 1 historic place. The Chateau Tongariro Hotel closed permanently on 5 February 2023, largely because the building has significant seismic risks.

Mount Ngauruhoe
Mount Ngauruhoe (Māori: Ngāuruhoe) is a volcanic cone in New Zealand. It is the youngest vent in the Tongariro stratovolcano  complex on the Central Plateau of the North Island and first erupted about 2,500 years ago. Although often regarded as a separate mountain, geologically, it is a secondary cone of Mount Tongariro.

The volcano lies between the active volcanoes of Mount Tongariro to the north and Mount Ruapehu to the south, to the west of the Rangipo Desert and 25 kilometres (16 miles) to the south of the southern shore of Lake Taupō.
2023 Arnold Clark Cup
The 2023 Arnold Clark Cup was the second edition of the Arnold Clark Cup, an invitational women's association football tournament hosted by The Football Association, held from 16 to 22 February 2023.

England won the tournament for the second time with three wins from three games.

Arnold Clark Cup
The Arnold Clark Cup was an invitational women's association football tournament hosted by the Football Association in England, starting in 2022. It was named after car retailer Arnold Clark, who signed a multi-year sponsorship deal. ITV acted as the competition's domestic broadcast partner.

Played during the February/March international break, the Arnold Clark Cup took place at the same time as other notable international women's invitational tournaments such as the Algarve Cup, the Cup of Nations, the Cyprus Women's Cup, the Istria Cup, the Pinatar Cup, the SheBelieves Cup, the Tournoi de France, the Turkish Women's Cup and the Women's Revelations Cup.

England won both editions of the tournament, back-to-back in 2022 and 2023. It has not been held since the introduction of the UEFA Women's Nations League and its link with the UEFA Women's Championship and FIFA Women's World Cup qualifiers.
August 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
July 31 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - Aug. 2

All fixed commemorations below are observed on August 14 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For August 1st, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on July 19.

Cenydd
Saint Cenydd (Modern Welsh: Cennydd; French: Kinède; fl. c. 6th century), sometimes anglicised as Saint Kenneth, was a Christian hermit on the Gower Peninsula in Wales, where he is credited with the foundation of the church at Llangennith.
Coatzintla
Coatzintla is a municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz. It is located in the north of state, about 120 kilometres (75 mi) from the state capital Xalapa. It covers an area of 235.25 square kilometres (90.83 sq mi). It is located at 20°29′N 97°28′W﻿ / ﻿20.483°N 97.467°W﻿ / 20.483; -97.467. As 2020 the municipality had a population of 55,016, with 34,039 in the municipal seat. Other localities includes Geovillas del Real (3,154 hab.), Manuel María Contreras (2,326 hab.), Palma Sola (1,892 hab.) and Corralillos (1,424 hab.).

The municipality of Coatzintla is delimited to the north by Tihuatlán and Poza Rica, to the east by Papantla, to the west by the state of Puebla and to the south-west by Coyutla.

It produces principally maize and potatoes.

Each July in Coatzintla a celebration is held to honor to Señor Santiago, Patron of the town.

The weather in Coatzintla is warm all year with rain in summer and autumn.

Coyutla
Coyutla is a municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz. It is located in central zone of the state, about 110 km from state capital Xalapa. It has a surface of 312.56 km2. It is located at 20°15′N 97°39′W﻿ / ﻿20.250°N 97.650°W﻿ / 20.250; -97.650.

The municipality is delimited to the north and to the west by Puebla State, to the east by Espinal, to the south by Chumatlan, and to the south-west by Coahuitlan.

It produces principally maize, beans and chili pepper.

A celebration in honor of San Pedro and San Pablo, patrons of the town, takes place in June.

The weather in Coyutla is warm-medium all year with rains in summer and autumn. A river runs nearby which has attractive views.
Cliff Gustafson
Clifford L. Gustafson (February 12, 1931 – January 2, 2023) was an American high school and college baseball coach who was, for twenty-nine seasons, the head coach of the Texas Longhorns, representing the University of Texas at Austin.

National College Baseball Hall of Fame
The National College Baseball Hall of Fame is an institution operated by the College Baseball Foundation serving as the central point for the study of the history of college baseball in the United States.  In partnership with the Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library located on the campus of Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Texas, the Hall of Fame inducts former collegiate players and coaches who have met selection criteria of distinction. On January 23, 2024, the College Baseball Foundation announced it would open a physical hall of fame in Overland Park, Kansas, in the Museum at Prairiefire.
ThinkCentre
ThinkCentre is a brand of business-oriented desktop computers and all-in-one computers, the early models of which were designed, developed and marketed by International Business Machines (IBM) since 2003. In 2005, IBM sold its PC business, including the ThinkCentre brand, to Lenovo. ThinkCentre computers typically include mid-range to high-end processors, options for discrete graphics cards, and multi-monitor support.

ThinkCentre Edge
The ThinkCentre Edge is a series of desktop computers from Lenovo, designed primarily for home offices and small businesses. The product series features desktops in both tower and All-in-One form factors, designed to save up to 70% desk space as compared to traditional tower desktop PCs.

The ThinkCentre Edge desktop series represents the first time the 'Edge' brand has been used for any Lenovo product outside of the ThinkPad product line. The first desktop in the series was the Edge 91z AIO, announced on May 16, 2011.
Royal Radnor Rifles
The Radnorshire Militia, later the Royal Radnor Rifles, was an auxiliary regiment reorganised from earlier precursors in the Welsh county of Radnorshire in the 17th century. Primarily intended for home defence, it served in Britain and Ireland through all of Britain's major wars. After a previous short-lived merger it was finally amalgamated into the Royal South Wales Borderers Militia in 1876.

Pike (weapon)
A pike is a long thrusting spear formerly used in European warfare from the Late Middle Ages and most of the early modern period, and wielded by foot soldiers deployed in pike square formation, until it was largely replaced by bayonet-equipped muskets. The pike was particularly well known as the primary weapon of Spanish tercios, Swiss mercenaries, German Landsknecht units and French sans-culottes. A similar weapon, the sarissa, had been used in antiquity by Alexander the Great's Macedonian phalanx infantry.
1-Bekat
1-bekat, which literally means "Station 1", was a provisional name of two different stations of Tashkent Metro:

Choshtepa, on Chilonzor Line;

Texnopark, on Circle Line/30th anniversary of the independence of Uzbekistan Line.

Choshtepa (Tashkent Metro)
Choshtepa is a station of the Tashkent Metro on the Chilonzor Line. It was put into operation on December 26, 2020, as part of the third section of the Chilanzar line, between Olmazor and Chinor. The station is located between Olmazor and Oʻzgarish.

The planned name for the station was Choshtepa, however, the station was opened as 1-Bekat, which simply means Station-1. At the same time, there was another 1-Bekat station in Tashkent, which later became Texnopark. In August 2023, this station was given the official name Choshtepa.
Kozhuvalloor
Kozhuvallur (Kozhuvalloor) is a small village in the Chengannur taluk of Alappuzha district in Kerala, India. An ancient Devi temple dedicated to Baghvathy is located here.   It is situated about 10 km south of the town of Chengannur and about 8 km northwest of Pandalam. The road to Kozhuvallur from Chengannur deviates at Chammathu Mukku Junction on the Chengannur-Mavelikkara Road before Kodukulanji. From the Pandalam side, the road to Kozhuvalloor branches at Kulanada on the Main Central (MC) Road. Administratively, Kozhuvalloor lies under the jurisdiction of Mulakkuzha Panchayat. It is separated from the nearby Venmony village by a large strip of paddy field called Changapadam. The physical features of the area follow the typical midland geographical pattern of Kerala, comprising lush vegetation, fertile wet fields, and hilly terrain.

Venmony
Venmony is a village in Chengannur taluk of Alappuzha district of Central Travancore area in Kerala state, India. Venmoney is 13 km south of Thiruvalla, 8 km east of Mavelikkara and 13 km northwest of Pandalam. 9 km from Chengannur. It is located 55 km towards East from District headquarters Alappuzha. 107 km from State capital Thiruvananthapuram and 138 km from Cochin International Airport. The village is on the border of the Alappuzha District and Pathanamthitta District. The Achenkovil river flows on its southern boundary and is spanned by the Pulakadavu bridge. Venmoney St. Mary's church ( pazhaya palli ) is the  ancient church which was constructed in the year AD 1017.
Ezra 3
Ezra 3 is the third chapter of the Book of Ezra in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, or the book of Ezra–Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible, which treats the book of Ezra and book of Nehemiah as one book. Jewish tradition states that Ezra is the author of Ezra–Nehemiah as well as the Book of Chronicles, but modern scholars generally accept that a compiler from the 5th century BCE (the so-called "Chronicler") is the final author of these books. The section comprising chapter 1 to 6 describes the history before the arrival of Ezra in the land of Judah  in 468 BCE. This chapter focuses on the people's worship and culminates in the project to rebuild the temple's foundations.

Ezra 1
Ezra 1 is the first chapter of the Book of Ezra in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, or the book of Ezra–Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible, which treats the book of Ezra and book of Nehemiah as one book. Jewish tradition states that Ezra is the author of Ezra–Nehemiah as well as the Book of Chronicles, but modern scholars generally believe that a compiler from the 5th century BCE (the so-called "Chronicler") is the final author of these books.

Ezra 1 contains a narrative of the Edict of Cyrus and the initial return of exiles to Judah led by Sheshbazzar as well as the restoration of the sacred temple vessels. It also introduces the section comprising chapters 1 to 6 describing the history before the arrival of Ezra in the land of Judah  in 468 BCE. The opening sentence of this chapter (and this book) is identical to the final sentence of 2 Chronicles.
36th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment
The 36th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment was a volunteer infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.  Their entire service was spent in II Corps, with the Army of the Potomac in the eastern theater of the war.

II Corps (Union army)
There were five corps in the Union Army designated as II Corps (Second Army Corps) during the American Civil War. These formations were the Army of the Cumberland II Corps commanded by Thomas L. Crittenden from October 24, 1862, to November 5, 1862, later renumbered XXI Corps; the Army of the Mississippi II corps led by William T. Sherman from January 4, 1863, to January 12, 1863, renumbered XV Corps; Army of the Ohio II Corps commanded by Thomas L. Crittenden from September 29, 1862, to October 24, 1862, transferred to Army of the Cumberland; Army of Virginia II Corps led by Nathaniel P. Banks from June 26, 1862, to September 4, 1862, and Alpheus S. Williams from September 4, 1862, to September 12, 1862, renumbered XII Corps; and the Army of the Potomac II Corps from March 13, 1862, to June 28, 1865.

Of these five, the one most widely known was the Army of the Potomac formation, the subject of this article.
Galectin-3
Galectin-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LGALS3 gene.  Galectin-3 is a member of the lectin family, of which 14 mammalian galectins have been identified.

Galectin-3 is approximately 30 kDa and, like all galectins, contains a carbohydrate-recognition-binding domain (CRD) of about 130 amino acids that enable the specific binding of β-galactosides.

Galectin-3 is also a member of the beta-galactoside-binding protein family that plays an important role in cell-cell adhesion, cell-matrix interactions, macrophage activation, angiogenesis, metastasis, apoptosis.

Galectin-3 is encoded by a single gene, LGALS3, located on chromosome 14, locus q21–q22. Galectin-3 is expressed in the nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, cell surface, and extracellular space.

Biomarker
In biomedical contexts, a biomarker, or biological marker, is a measurable indicator of some biological state or condition. Biomarkers are often measured and evaluated using blood, urine, or soft tissues to examine normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention. Biomarkers are used in many scientific fields.
1981 NCAA Skiing Championships
The 1981 NCAA Skiing Championships were contested at the Park City Mountain Resort in Park City, Utah as part of the 28th annual NCAA-sanctioned ski tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate slalom skiing, and cross-country skiing in the United States.

Utah, coached by Pat Miller, claimed their first team national championship, finishing 11 points ahead of  defending champions Vermont in the cumulative team standings.

NCAA skiing championships
The NCAA Skiing Championships are held annually to crown the National Collegiate Athletic Association combined men's and women's team skiing champion. Before 1983, the championship was only for men's skiing. Unlike many NCAA sports, only one National Collegiate championship is held each season with teams from Division I, Division II, and Division III competing together.

The University of Denver has won a record 24 team titles, including ten since 2000. The University of Colorado is second with 20 titles (plus one AIAW title), and the University of Utah is third with 16  (plus one AIAW title).

Denver won the first NCAA championship in 1954 at Reno with 384 points, 34.4 points ahead of runner-up Seattle University. The scoring system has been modified over the years; in 2012, Vermont scored a record 832 points, with a record margin of 161 points over second-place Utah.

The 2020 edition started on schedule, but was canceled in progress due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
2007 Just Car Insurance 500
The 2007 Just Car Insurance 500 was an endurance motor race for V8 Supercars, held on the weekend of the 14 to 16 September at the Sandown International Raceway in Victoria, Australia.  The race, which was the 40th Sandown 500, was the ninth round of the 2007 V8 Supercar Championship Series.

The race was won by Jamie Whincup and Craig Lowndes, driving a Ford Falcon BF for Team Vodafone.

2007 V8 Supercar Championship Series
The 2007 V8 Supercar season featured the ninth V8 Supercar Championship Series which began on 1 March and concluded on 2 December. This championship consisted of 14 rounds covering all states and the Northern Territory of Australia as well as rounds in New Zealand and Bahrain. The series also carried the Australian Touring Car Championship title, which was awarded by CAMS for the 48th time in 2007.

The 2007 season was significant in that two new cars were being used by the teams. The Holden VE Commodore was a completely new car and the Ford BF Falcon consisted of several changes from the previous model. These cars debuted at the first round of the season at the Clipsal 500.

This season was also significant in that Seven Network broadcast the series for the first time since 1996, after Channel Ten and Fox Sports had rights to the series for the past ten years, and then revived in 2015.
Protector RWS
The Protector RWS is a remotely controlled weapons station (RWS) that can be mounted to vehicles and stationary platforms. It has been in full scale production since December 2001. It is manufactured by Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace of Norway.

Iveco LMV
The Iveco LMV (Light Multirole Vehicle) is a 4WD tactical vehicle developed by Iveco, and in service with several countries. After its adoption by the Italian Army as the Veicolo-Tattico-Leggero-Multiruolo (VTLM) Lince  ("Light tactical multirole vehicle Lynx"), it won the Future Command and Liaison Vehicle (FCLV) competition of the British Army as the Panther, but the fleet was put up for sale in 2018.

It has been adopted by the armies of Albania, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Norway, Russia and Spain. The Italian Army took vehicles to Afghanistan for ISAF and Lebanon for the UN Interim Force. In Afghanistan, Lince vehicles have saved passengers' lives in several attacks with IEDs.
Dongxiaokou
Dongxiaokou Town (Chinese: 东小口镇; pinyin: Dōngxiǎokǒu Zhèn) is a town located in southern Changping District, Beijing, China. Dongxiaokou borders Shahe and Beiqijia Towns in its north, Tiantongyuanbei and Tiantongyuannan Subdistricts in its east, Dongsheng Town and Huoying Subdistrict in its west, and Shigezhuang Subdistrict in its northwest. As of 2020, its population was 85,874.

Tiantongyuanbei Subdistrict
Tiantongyuanbei Subdistrict (Chinese: 天通苑北街道; pinyin: Tiāntōngyuànběi Jiēdào) is a subdistrict situated on the southeastern corner of Changping District, Beijing, China. It shares border with Beiqijia Town in the north and east, Laiguangying Township and Tiantongyuannan Subdistrict in the south, and Dongxiaokou Area in the west. In the year 2020, it had 142,707 people residing within its borders.

The subdistrict was created in 2012 from part of Dongxiaokou Area. It received the name Tiantongyuanbei for being the north part of Tiantongyuan, a residential community developed in 1999.
Apolinary Horawski
Apolinary Horawski (also spelled Gorawski; Belarusian: Апалінарый Гіляравіч Гараўскі; Russian: Аполлинарий Гиляриевич Горавский; 23 January 1833 – 28 March 1900) was a Belarusian-born Polish painter active mainly in St. Petersburg.

The National Art Museum of the Republic of Belarus
The National Art Museum of the Republic of Belarus (Belarusian: Нацыянальны мастацкі музей Рэспублікі Беларусь, romanized: Nacyjanaĺny mastacki muziej Respubliki Bielaruś ) is the largest art museum in Belarus and is located in its capital, Minsk. The museum comprises more than thirty thousands works of art which make up twenty various collections and constitutes two main ones: the one of national art and the other of art monuments of various countries of the world. It was formerly known as the State Art Gallery.