hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Platycerioideae
Platycerioideae is a small subfamily of the fern family Polypodiaceae in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). The subfamily is also treated as the tribe Platycerieae within a very broadly defined family Polypodiaceae sensu lato.

Two genera are recognized in PPG I:

Platycerium Desv.

Pyrrosia Mirb.

In 2017, Pyrrosia was found to be paraphyletic and three species were transferred to the new genus Hovenkampia to remedy this.

Platycerium
Platycerium is a genus of about 18 fern species in the polypod family, Polypodiaceae. Ferns in this genus are widely known as staghorn or elkhorn ferns due to their uniquely shaped fronds. This genus is epiphytic and is native to tropical and temperate areas of South America, Africa, Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Guinea.
2011 Washington Redskins season
The 2011 season was the Washington Redskins' 80th in the National Football League (NFL) and their 75th representing the District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.). Their home games were played at FedExField in Landover, Maryland for the 15th consecutive year. The Redskins failed to improve on their 2010 record of 6–10, meaning they finished last in the NFC East, but did manage to sweep the eventual Super Bowl champion New York Giants in the regular season, becoming only the sixth team to do so (the 1969 Oakland Raiders, 1983 Seattle Seahawks, 1995 Washington Redskins, 2002 New Orleans Saints, and 2007 Dallas Cowboys, also against the Giants, being the others). They would be joined by the 2020 New Orleans Saints and the 2021 San Francisco 49ers.

The season is also notable for being the first of three Redskins seasons to include four future head coaches on the coaching staff: Kyle Shanahan, Matt LaFleur, Sean McVay and Mike McDaniel.

Landover, Maryland
Landover is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 25,998.

Landover is contained between Sheriff Road and Central Avenue to the south, Hill Road, Cabin Branch Drive, and the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (Metro) Orange Line tracks to the west, John Hanson Highway (U.S. Highway 50) to the north, and Washington D.C.'s Capital Beltway (Interstate 495/95) to the east. Landover borders the communities of New Carrollton, Landover Hills, Glenarden, Lanham, Ardmore, Kentland, Cheverly, Chapel Oaks, Fairmount Heights, Carmody Hills, Pepper Mill Village, Walker Mill, and Largo.
Broadcasting Act (Canada)
The Broadcasting Act (French: Loi sur la radiodiffusion), given royal assent on 1 February 1991, is an act of the Parliament of Canada regarding broadcasting of telecommunications in the country.

The Broadcasting Act outlines broadcasting policy of Canada; defines the role of the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) as the broadcasting regulator; and sets out the mandate of CBC/Radio-Canada. The stated goal of the Broadcasting Act is to maintain Canada's cultural fabric—thereby strengthening its economic, political, and social structures—by supporting the country's creative industries and ensuring the availability and accessibility of Canadian music and stories, among other things.

On 3 November 2020, Heritage Minister Steven Guilbeault introduced legislation (Bill C-10) that would update the Act to include online broadcasting services.

History of broadcasting in Canada
Radio was introduced in Canada in the late 1890s, although initially transmissions were limited to the dot-and-dashes of Morse code, and primarily used for point-to-point services, especially for maritime communication. The history of broadcasting in Canada dates to the early 1920s, as part of the worldwide development of radio stations sending information and entertainment programming to the general public. Television was introduced in the 1950s, and soon became the primary broadcasting service.
Edward Edwards (serial killer)
Edward Wayne Edwards (born Charles Wayne Murray; June 14, 1933 – April 7, 2011) was an American serial killer, rapist, prison escapee, and fugitive. After committing a series of gas stations holdups in the 1950s and early 1960s, he was put on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list, leading to his capture in 1962. After his release from prison on parole in 1967, Edwards murdered at least five people between 1977 and 1996 in Ohio and Wisconsin. He was apprehended for these crimes in 2009 and died in 2011.

FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives, 1960s
In the 1960s, for a second decade, the United States FBI continued to maintain a public list of the people it regarded as the Ten Most Wanted Fugitives. Following is a brief review of FBI people and events that place the 1960s decade in context, and then an historical list of individual suspects whose names first appeared on the 10 Most Wanted list during the decade of the 1960s, under FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover.
Milan Cathedral
Milan Cathedral (Italian: Duomo di Milano [ˈdwɔːmo di miˈlaːno]; Milanese: Domm de Milan [ˈdɔm de miˈlãː]), or Metropolitan Cathedral-Basilica of the Nativity of Saint Mary (Italian: Cattedrale Metropolitana della Natività della Beata Vergine Maria), is the cathedral church of Milan, Lombardy, Italy. Dedicated to the Nativity of St. Mary (Santa Maria Nascente), it is the seat of the Archbishop of Milan, currently Archbishop Mario Delpini.

The cathedral took nearly six centuries to complete: construction began in 1386, and the final details were completed in 1965. It is the largest church in the Italian Republic—the larger St. Peter's Basilica is in the State of Vatican City, a sovereign state—and one of the largest in the world.

Francesco Maria Richini
Francesco Maria Richini (also spelled Ricchini) (9 February 1584 – 24 April 1658) was an Italian Baroque architect. He rivalled his contemporary Carlo Maderno in Rome in the intensity of his effort to discard the bonds of Counter-Reformation conservatism. Richini was an early influence of Francesco Borromini.
Savage's Station, Virginia
Savage's Station was the wartime name of a supply depot, ammunition dump, field hospital, and command headquarters of the Army of the Potomac during the Peninsula Campaign of the American Civil War. It was a strategic center for the Army and also the site of the 1862 Battle of Savage's Station.

Army of the Potomac
The Army of the Potomac was the primary field army of the Union army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. It was created in July 1861 shortly after the First Battle of Bull Run and was disbanded in June 1865 following the surrender of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in April.
Hedley Jones
Hedley H. G. Jones OD (12 November 1917 – 1 September 2017) was a Jamaican musician, audio engineer, inventor, trade unionist and writer. He designed and played one of the first solid-bodied electric guitars, designed and built Jamaica's first sound systems and traffic lights, and in 2011 was awarded the Musgrave Gold Medal for distinguished eminence in the field of music.

Gleaner Company
The Gleaner Company Ltd. is a newspaper publishing enterprise in Jamaica. Established in 1834 by Joshua and Jacob De Cordova, the company's primary product is The Gleaner, a morning broadsheet published six days each week. It also publishes a Sunday paper, the Sunday Gleaner, and an evening tabloid, The Star. Overseas weekly editions are published in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States. The paper was known as The Daily Gleaner until 1992.

The company is headquartered in Kingston, Jamaica.
Porcine enzootic pneumonia
Porcine enzootic pneumonia, also known as mycoplasmal pneumonia, is a chronic respiratory disease of pigs caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.

It is part of the Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex along with Swine Influenza, PRRS and Porcine circovirus 2, and even though on its own it is quite a mild disease, it predisposes to secondary infections with organisms such as Pasteurella multocida.

Clinical signs are most commonly seen in pigs over 8 weeks of age, and the disease occurs worldwide. Transmission is horizontal and vertical from sows.

Betaarterivirus suid 1
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), is a virus that causes a disease of pigs, called porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), also known as blue-ear pig disease (in Chinese, zhū láněr bìng 豬藍耳病). This economically important, panzootic disease causes reproductive failure in breeding stock and respiratory tract illness in young pigs.
Alteromonas macleodii
Alteromonas macleodii is a species of widespread marine bacterium found in surface waters across temperate and tropical regions. First discovered in a survey of aerobic bacteria in 1972, A. macleodii has since been placed within the phylum Pseudomonadota and is recognised as a prominent component of surface waters between 0 and 50 metres. Alteromonas macleodii has a single circular DNA chromosome of 4.6 million base pairs. Variable regions in the genome of A. macleodii confer functional diversity to closely related strains and facilitate different lifestyles and strategies. Certain A. macleodii strains are currently being explored for their industrial uses, including in cosmetics, bioethanol production and rare earth mining.

Prochlorococcus
Prochlorococcus is a genus of very small (0.6 μm) marine cyanobacteria with an unusual pigmentation (chlorophyll a2 and b2). These bacteria belong to the photosynthetic picoplankton and are probably the most abundant photosynthetic organism on Earth. Prochlorococcus microbes are among the major primary producers in the ocean, responsible for a large percentage of the photosynthetic production of oxygen. Prochlorococcus strains, called ecotypes, have physiological differences enabling them to exploit different ecological niches. Analysis of the genome sequences of Prochlorococcus strains show that 1,273 genes are common to all strains, and the average genome size is about 2,000 genes. In contrast, eukaryotic algae have over 10,000 genes.

The genus and the type species were made validly published names under the ICNP in 2001 with Validation list no. 79. They became valid under the ICNafp in 2020 with the description of Komárek et al.
Jeremy Kimball
Jeremy Kimball, (born March 1, 1991) is an American mixed martial artist who formerly competed in the Light Heavyweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. A professional competitor since 2010, Kimball has also formerly competed for Bellator MMA and the RFA.

Light heavyweight (MMA)
The light heavyweight division in mixed martial arts contains different weight classes.

The UFC's light heavyweight ranges from 186 to 205 lb (84 to 93 kg).

The ONE Championship's light heavyweight division (also known as cruiserweight) has an upper limit of 102.1 kg (225.1 lb).

The Road FC's light heavyweight division places the upper limit at 205 lb (93 kg).

The Misfits MMA's light heavyweight division uses the boxing light heavyweight format. (175 Ib limit).

Light heavyweight is a weight class in mixed martial arts, which generally refers to competitors weighing from 186 to 205 lb (84 to 93 kg). It sits between the lighter middleweight division, and the heavyweight division. The light heavyweight limit, as defined by the Nevada State Athletic Commission and the Association of Boxing Commissions is 206 lb (93 kg).
Limpapeh Bridge
Limpapeh Bridge (Jembatan Limpapeh) is a covered pedestrian bridge spanning Ahmad Yani Street in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Completed in 1995, the bridge connects Fort de Kock, a 19th-century Dutch colonial fortification, with Taman Budaya dan Margasatwa Kinantan (Kinantan Cultural and Wildlife Park). The bridge is considered one of Bukittinggi's iconic landmarks alongside Jam Gadang, the city's clock tower.

Minangkabau people
The Minangkabau (Minangkabau: Bangso Minangkabau, Urang Minangkabau or Urang Awak, lit. 'our people', Jawi script: منڠكبو; Indonesian: Orang Minangkabau; Malay: Orang Minangkabau, Jawi script: أورڠ مينڠکاباو), Minangkabos, or simply Minang, are an Austronesian ethnic group native to the Minangkabau Highlands of Western Sumatra region on the Indonesian island of Sumatra.

The Minangkabau's West Sumatera homelands was the seat of the Pagaruyung Kingdom, believed by early historians to have been the cradle of the Malay race, and the location of the Padri War (1821 to 1837).

Minangkabau are the ethnic majority in West Sumatra and Negeri Sembilan. Minangkabau are also a recognised minority in other parts of Indonesia as well as Malaysia, Singapore, and the Netherlands.
Horizon (video game series)
Horizon is a science fiction action role-playing game series developed by Guerrilla Games and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment for PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Microsoft Windows and Nintendo Switch. The series follows the adventures of Aloy, a young huntress living in a post-apocalyptic world overrun by zoomorphic robots.

The series consists of two main games: Horizon Zero Dawn and Horizon Forbidden West, alongside two spin-off titles: the VR title Horizon Call of the Mountain, and a Lego-themed title, Lego Horizon Adventures. As of November 2025, the franchise has sold over 40 million units worldwide. Horizon Steel Frontiers, an MMORPG developed and published by NCSoft for Microsoft Windows, Android, and iOS, is currently in development.

Cooperative video game
A cooperative video game, often abbreviated as co-op video game, is a video game that allows players to work together as teammates, usually against one or more non-player character opponents (PvE). Co-op games can be played locally using one or multiple input controllers or over a network via local area networks, wide area networks, or the Internet.

Co-op gameplay has gained popularity as controller and networking technology has developed. On PCs, consoles and mobile devices, cooperative games have become increasingly common, and many genres of games—including shooter games, sports games, real-time strategy games, and massively multiplayer online games—include co-op modes.

In 2025, cooperative games (specifically non-MMO games such as Lethal Company, R.E.P.O. and PEAK) gained the derogatory slang term Friendslop, coined alongside the complementary term "Friendfarming".
James Madison High School (Virginia)
James Madison High School is a public high school in Vienna, Virginia and is a part of the Fairfax County Public Schools district. As of the 2024-2025 school year, it had 2,090 students attending and a graduation rate of 96%

According to Newsweek magazine's 2014 list of the top U.S. high schools, Madison was ranked 93rd. U.S. News & World Report named it a Silver Medal school in 2010, and in 2025, ranked it 356th among national public schools.

Vienna, Virginia
Vienna (/viˈɛnə/) is a town in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States, and a suburb of Washington D.C.  As of the 2020 U.S. census, Vienna had a population of 16,473. It was first settled by Europeans in the mid-18th century. In 1861, the Battle of Vienna, one of the earliest American Civil War battles, was fought in Vienna. The Vienna Town Council, which governs the town, is composed of a mayor and six councilmembers. The town's education is served mainly by Fairfax County Public Schools.
McLaren Speedtail
The McLaren Speedtail is a limited production hybrid sports car manufactured by McLaren Automotive, revealed on October 26, 2018. This car is the fourth edition in the McLaren Ultimate Series, after the Senna, the P1, and the F1. The car is also part of the 18 new cars or derivatives that McLaren will launch as part of its Track22 business plan.

Sports car
A sports car is a type of automobile that is designed with an emphasis on dynamic performance, such as handling, acceleration, top speed, the thrill of driving, and racing capability. Sports cars originated in Europe in the early 1910s and are currently produced by many manufacturers around the world.
Claude Noel (boxer)
Claude Noel CM (25 July 1948 – 21 May 2023) was a Tobagonian professional boxer. During his career, which spanned from 1973 to 1984, Noel held the WBA lightweight title and the Commonwealth Lightweight title.

Chaconia Medal
The Chaconia Medal (abbreviated C.M. or CM) is the second highest state decoration of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Established in 1969, the medal honours long and meritorious service to promote national welfare or community spirit. It is awarded in three classes: gold, silver and bronze. The medal may only be awarded to ten individuals annually.
Alexander Martínez
Alexander Martínez (born 23 August 1977, in Isla de la Juventud) is a Swiss triple jumper. He changed nationality from his native Cuba in 2006.

His personal best jump is 17.51 metres, achieved in July 2005 in Bern. This result places him fifth on the all-time Cuban performers list, behind Yoelbi Quesada, Lázaro Betancourt, Aliecer Urrutia and Yoandri Betanzos. While competing for Switzerland he has set a new Swiss record of 17.13 metres.

Lázaro Betancourt
Lázaro Betancourt (born 18 March 1963) is a retired male triple jumper from Cuba. Best known for his silver medal at the 1985 IAAF World Indoor Championships, he also won the Central American and Caribbean Games twice. In June 1986 he achieved a personal best jump of 17.78 metres, which puts him 14th place in the all-time performers list. In the same year Betancourt was suspended after he failed a drug test.

Betancourt won the British AAA Championships title in the triple jump event at the 1984 AAA Championships.
Joseph Edward Therrien
Joseph Edward Therrien (March 17, 1879 – October 7, 1954) was an American businessman and politician.

Born in Canada, he moved with his parents to Two Harbors, Minnesota in 1882 where he studied law. In 1908, he moved to Pine City, Minnesota. He owned Pine City Abstract Company in Pine City, Minnesota. He served in Lake County, Minnesota government and was county auditor for Pine County, Minnesota. Therrien also served as probate judge for Pine County, Minnesota 1917-1920. He served in the Minnesota House of Representatives 1923-1931 and 1943-1947.

Pine City, Minnesota
Pine City is a city in and the county seat of Pine County, in east central Minnesota, United States. The population was 3,130 at the 2020 census. Part of the city is on the Mille Lacs Indian Reservation. Founded as a railway town, it soon became a logging community and the surrounding lakes made it a resort town. Today, it is in part a commuter town for people working in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area.
2025 Rugby League Pacific Championships
The 2025 Rugby League Pacific Championships were the fourth edition of the Rugby League Pacific Championships and the third under their current name (having previously been called the Oceania Cup in 2019). The championships consisted of several international rugby league tournaments being played from October to November 2025 between nations of the Pacific region.

Like previous editions, a Men's Pacific Cup, Men's Pacific Bowl, Women's Pacific Cup, and Women's Pacific Bowl was played.

The draw was announced by the International Rugby League and National Rugby League on 6 August 2025.

2019 Oceania Cup (rugby league)
The 2019 Oceania Cup was the inaugural edition of the Oceania Cup. Contested by six teams, the competition began in June and concluded in November.

The competition was announced at the Rugby League International Federation (RLIF) congress in November 2018. The draw was released in March and breaks the six teams into two separate pools with promotion and relegation to exist in what is to become an annual tournament. Group A will comprise the top three ranked Pacific nations in Australia, New Zealand and Tonga while Group B will comprise Fiji, Samoa and Papua New Guinea.

The winner of Pool A will win the Oceania Cup while the winner of Pool B will win the Oceania Shield and be promoted to Pool A in the next edition in place of Australia, who were due to travel to Europe for their first Kangaroos tour since 2003.
Edward Dowell
Edward William Dowell (1822 – 14 February 1896) was an English cricketer who played in five matches for Cambridge University in 1844 and 1845 which are judged to have been first-class. He was born at Locking, Somerset and died at Dunton, Norfolk. He was educated at Uppingham School. The precise date of his birth is not known: the directory of Cambridge University students identifies that he was aged 19 when he was admitted to Jesus College in February 1842, but also states that he was aged 72 at his death in 1896.

Dowell batted and bowled in his first-class cricket matches, but neither his batting nor his bowling style is known. He played minor matches for Norfolk teams from 1844 through to 1870.

He became a Church of England clergyman and was vicar of Dunton in Norfolk from 1855 to 1896. He had family cricketing connections: his daughter married Cambridge University and Surrey player Charles Tillard and their son, Elliot Dowell Tillard, played for Somerset and for teams in India.

Uppingham School
Uppingham School is a public school (English fee-charging boarding and day school for pupils 13–18) in Uppingham, Rutland, England, founded in 1584 by Robert Johnson, the Archdeacon of Leicester, who also established Oakham School. The headmaster, Richard Maloney, belongs to the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference and the school to the Rugby Group of British independent schools. Edward Thring was the school's best-known headmaster (in 1853–1887). His curriculum changes were adopted in other English public schools. John Wolfenden, headmaster from 1934 to 1944, chaired the Wolfenden Committee, whose report recommending the decriminalisation of homosexuality appeared in 1957. Uppingham has a musical tradition based on work by Paul David and Robert Sterndale Bennett. It has the biggest playing-field area of any school in England, in three separate areas of the town: Leicester to the west, Middle to the south, and Upper to the east.
Newfoundland crossbill
The Newfoundland red crossbill (Loxia curvirostra percna) is a subspecies of the red crossbill found on and believed to be endemic to the island of Newfoundland, and recently also discovered on Anticosti Island in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, administratively part of Quebec. Its population on Newfoundland is greatly reduced (and had even been considered extinct by some), due to competition from introduced American red squirrels Tamiasciurus hudsonicus.

It is very similar to other North American subspecies of red crossbill, differing primarily in its stouter bill, 9–10 mm thick at the base, compared to 8 mm for other populations in Canada, and also marginally larger overall. Its calls are also distinct, given the designation 'vocal type 8' to distinguish it from other subspecies. The plumage is very similar to other subspecies, though on average slightly darker and duskier.

The taxonomy of the bird has been questioned.

Red crossbill
The red crossbill or common crossbill (Loxia curvirostra) is a small passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae. Crossbills have distinctive mandibles, crossed at the tips, which enable them to extract seeds from conifer cones and other fruits.

Adults are often brightly coloured, with red or orange males and green or yellow females, but there is wide variation in beak size and shape, and call types, leading to different classifications of variants, some of which have been named as subspecies. The species is known as "red crossbill" in North America and "common crossbill" in Europe.