hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stridon
Stridon (Latin: Strido Dalmatiae) was a town in the Roman province of Dalmatia, of unknown location, best known as the birthplace of Saint Jerome. In 379, the town was destroyed by the Goths. Jerome wrote about it in his work De viris illustribus: "Jerome was born to his father Eusebius, [in the] town of Strido, which the Goths overthrew, and was once at the border between Dalmatia and Pannonia." ("Hieronymus patre Eusebio natus, oppido Stridonis, quod a Gothis eversum, Dalmatiae quondam Pannoniaeque confinium fuit...").

Dalmatia (Roman province)
Dalmatia was a Roman province. Its name is derived from the name of an Illyrian tribe called the Dalmatae, which lived in the central area of the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It encompassed the northern part of present-day Albania, much of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Serbia, thus covering an area significantly larger than the current Croatian and Montenegrin region of Dalmatia. Originally this region was called Illyria (in Greek) or Illyricum (in Latin).

The province of Illyricum was dissolved and replaced by two separate provinces: Dalmatia and Pannonia.
November 29 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
November 28 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - November 30

All fixed commemorations below are observed on December 12 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For November 29, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on November 16.

Mardarije Uskoković
Bishop Mardarije (Serbian Cyrillic: Епископ Мардарије, secular name Ivan Uskoković, Serbian Cyrillic: Иван Ускоковић; 22 December 1889 – 12 December 1935) was bishop of the Serbian Orthodox Church, the first Serbian Orthodox Bishop in the Diocese of America and Canada. He was canonized as a saint during the regular session of the Holy Synod of the Serbian Orthodox Church in May 2015 as Saint Mardarije of Lješanska, Libertyville and All America.
Hypobaric chamber
A hypobaric chamber, or altitude chamber, is a chamber used during aerospace or high terrestrial altitude research or training to simulate the effects of high altitude on the human body, especially hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypobaria (low ambient air pressure). Some chambers also control for temperature and relative humidity.

Aerospace physiology
Aerospace physiology is the study of the effects of high altitudes on the body, such as different pressures and levels of oxygen. At different altitudes the body may react in different ways, provoking more cardiac output, and producing more erythrocytes. These changes cause more energy waste in the body, causing muscle fatigue, but this varies depending on the level of the altitude.
Vrana Dome
Vrana Dome (69°53′S 73°28′E﻿ / ﻿69.883°S 73.467°E﻿ / -69.883; 73.467) is a prominent, rounded ice dome about 4 nautical miles (7 km) northeast of Statler Hills, at the east side of Amery Ice Shelf A survey station was established on the dome during the ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) tellurometer traverse from Larsemann Hills to Reinbolt Hills in 1968. Named for A. Vrana, a cosmic ray physicist at Mawson Station in 1968, who assisted in the survey.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Vrana Dome". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Statler Hills
Statler Hills (69°55′S 73°11′E﻿ / ﻿69.917°S 73.183°E﻿ / -69.917; 73.183) is a group of low rocky hills just north of Rogers Glacier on the east margin of Amery Ice Shelf Delineated identified in 1952 by John H. Roscoe from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–47), and named by him for L.R. Statier, air crewman on Operation Highjump photographic flights over this and other coastal areas between 14 and 164 East longitude.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Statler Hills". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
Alexander W. Cameron
Alexander Whitcomb Cameron (December 6, 1905 – May 12, 1960) was a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Guysborough in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1956 to 1960. He was a member of the Nova Scotia Liberal Party.

Born in 1905 at Sherbrooke, Nova Scotia, Cameron was a lawyer by career. He graduated from Mount Allison University and Dalhousie University. He married Mary Kathryn MacLean in 1936. His father, Alexander, and his son, Sandy, also served as MLAs for Guysborough. From 1940 to 1957, he was employed as a municipal treasurer and clerk. He entered provincial politics in the 1956 election, winning the Guysborough riding by 166 votes. Cameron died at Antigonish on May 12, 1960.

Alexander F. Cameron
Alexander Fisher Cameron (October 13, 1860 – November 24, 1943) was a merchant, lumberman and political figure in Nova Scotia. He represented Guysborough County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1890 to 1894 as a Liberal-Conservative member.

He was educated at the Commercial College in Halifax. In 1882, he married Edith J. Fraser. He served on the municipal council and was warden for Saint Mary's, Guysborough County. He died due to heart disease in 1943.
Altare
Altare (Ligurian: Artâ, Piedmontese: Latè, L’Atæ in local dialect) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Savona in the Italian region Liguria, located about 45 km (28 mi) west of Genoa and about 11 km (6.8 mi) northwest of Savona. As of 1 January 2009, it had a population of 2,160 and an area of 11.7 km2 (4.5 sq mi).

Altare borders the following municipalities: Cairo Montenotte, Carcare, Mallare, Quiliano, and Savona.

Guild
A guild (/ɡɪld/, GHILD) is a professional association of artisans and merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular territory. The word derived from medieval Europe where guilds were probably at their most extensive, but it has been used to describe similar groups before and after that period and in other parts of the world.  Typically the key "privilege" was that only guild members were allowed to sell their goods or practice their skill within a city. There might be controls on minimum or maximum prices, hours of trading, numbers of apprentices, and many other things. Critics argued that these rules reduced free competition, but defenders maintained that they protected professional standards.
Anthony Newman (musician)
Anthony Newman (born May 12, 1941) is an American classical musician. While mostly known as an organist, Newman is also a harpsichordist (including the pedal harpsichord), pianist, composer, conductor, writer, and teacher. He is a specialist in music of the Baroque period, particularly the works of Johann Sebastian Bach, and has collaborated with such noted musicians as Kathleen Battle, Julius Baker, Itzhak Perlman, Eugenia Zukerman, Jean-Pierre Rampal, Leonard Bernstein, Michala Petri, and Wynton Marsalis, for whom he arranged and conducted In Gabriel’s Garden, the most popular classical record of 1996.

Julius Baker
Julius Baker (September 23, 1915 – August 6, 2003) was one of the foremost American orchestral flute players. During the course of five decades he concertized with several of America's premier orchestral ensembles including the Chicago Symphony and the New York Philharmonic Orchestra.
Henry Coalter Cabell House
Henry Coalter Cabell House is a historic home located in Richmond, Virginia. Its name reflects the prominent Richmond attorney and Confederate officer Henry Coalter Cabell, who rented the elegant house for many years.

William H. Cabell
William H. Cabell (December 16, 1772 – January 12, 1853) was a Virginia lawyer, politician, plantation owner, and judge aligned with the Democratic-Republican party. He served as a Member of the Virginia House of Delegates, as Governor of Virginia, and as a judge on what later became the Virginia Supreme Court. Cabell adopted his middle initial in 1795—which did not stand for a name—to distinguish himself from other William Cabells, including his uncle, William Cabell Sr.
Freedom Front Plus
The Freedom Front Plus (FF Plus or FF+; Afrikaans: Vryheidsfront Plus, VF Plus) is a center-right political party in South Africa that was formed (as the Freedom Front) in 1994. It is led by Corné Mulder. Since 2024, it is a part of the current South African government of national unity together with the African National Congress (ANC), the Democratic Alliance and other parties.

2009 South African general election
General elections were held in South Africa on 22 April 2009 to elect members of the National Assembly and provincial legislatures. These were the fourth general elections held since the end of the apartheid era.

The North Gauteng High Court ruled on 9 February 2009 that South African citizens living abroad should be allowed to vote in elections. The judgment was confirmed by the Constitutional Court on 12 March 2009, when it decided that overseas voters who were already registered would be allowed to vote. Registered voters who found themselves outside their registered voting districts on election day were also permitted to vote for the national ballot at any voting station in South Africa.

The result was a victory for the ruling African National Congress (ANC), which won 264 of the 400 seats in the National Assembly, a fifteen seat reduction compared to the 2004 elections and losing its two-thirds supermajority. ANC leader Jacob Zuma became president.
Rantideva
Rantideva (Sanskrit: रन्तिदेवः, romanized: Rantideva) is a king of the Lunar dynasty in Hinduism. Described to be benevolent, he is stated to have achieved moksha (liberation) from Vishnu when the Trimurti tested his faith. A descendant of Bharata, he is described as a generous king in Hindu literature.

Lunar dynasty
The Lunar dynasty (IAST: Candravaṃśa) is a lineage or dynasty which claims to be descended from Chandra or Soma (the Hindu lunar deity).

According to the Shatapatha Brahmana, Pururavas was the son of Budha (himself often described as the son of Soma) and the gender-switching deity Ila (born as the daughter of Manu). Pururavas's great-grandson was Yayati, who had five sons named Yadu, Turvasu, Druhyu, Anu, and Puru. These seem to be the names of five Vedic tribes as described in the Vedas.

According to the Mahabharata, Lunar dynasty's progenitor Ila ruled from Prayaga, and had a son Shashabindu who ruled in the country of Bahli. The son of Ila and Budha was Pururavas, who became the first Chandravamsha, emperor of all of the earth. Ila's descendants were also known as the Ailas.
Ayhanköy, Kulp
Ayhanköy (Armenian: Բահմեդա, romanized: Bahmeda, Kurdish: Bahemdan) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kulp, Diyarbakır Province in Turkey. It is populated by Kurds and had a population of 171 in 2022.

Kulp, Turkey
Kulp (Kurdish: Pasûr, Ottoman Turkish: قولب, romanized: Qulb, central district: Ottoman Turkish: پاصور, romanized: Pasur, Armenian: Խուլփ, romanized: Khulp) is a municipality and district of Diyarbakır Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,493 km2, and its population is 34,357 (2022). It is populated by Kurds.
Virginia Apgar
Virginia Apgar (June 7, 1909 – August 7, 1974) was an American physician, obstetrical anesthesiologist and medical researcher, best known as the inventor of the Apgar score, a way to quickly assess the health of a newborn child immediately after birth in order to combat infant mortality. In 1952, she developed the 10-point Apgar score to assist physicians and nurses in assessing the status of newborns. Given at one minute and five minutes after birth, the Apgar test measures a child's breathing, skin color, reflexes, motion, and heart rate. A friend said, "She probably did more than any other physician to bring the problem of birth defects out of back rooms." She was a leader in the fields of anesthesiology and teratology, and introduced obstetrical considerations to the established field of neonatology.

NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital
The NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital (abbreviated as NYP) is a nonprofit academic medical center in New York City. It is the primary teaching hospital for Weill Cornell Medicine and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. The hospital includes nine campuses located throughout the New York metropolitan area. The hospital's two flagship medical centers, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and Weill Cornell Medical Center, are located on opposite sides of Upper Manhattan.

As of 2022, the hospital is ranked the seventh-best hospital in the United States and second-best in the New York City metropolitan area by U.S. News & World Report. The hospital has more than 6,500 affiliated physicians, 20,000 employees and operates 4,000+ beds in total. It is one of the largest hospitals in the world. NYPH annually treats about 310,000 patients in its emergency department and delivers about 15,000 babies.
Rivett Henry Bland
Rivett (or Revett) Henry Bland (2 February 1811 – 18 February 1894) was an early settler and a government administrator in colonial Australia.

Bland was the son of Thomas Bland and Emma Revett, and was born at Newark, Nottinghamshire, on 2 February 1811. He was educated at the Newark grammar school, and at 14, studied for the medical profession at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London but did not become a doctor.  His brother was a member of the House of Commons.: 27–29

Magnus Church of England Academy
Magnus Church of England Academy (formerly Magnus Church of England School and Magnus Grammar School before that) often abbreviated as 'Magnus', is a British secondary school located in the market town of Newark-on-Trent, in Nottinghamshire, England. It was founded as a grammar school by the 16th-century English diplomat and cleric Thomas Magnus; the original school building, located in Appletongate by the church, is now 
The Civil War museum.
Aspergillus ellipticus
Aspergillus ellipticus (also named A. helicothrix) is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. A. ellipticus belongs to the group of black Aspergilli, which are important industrial workhorses. A. ellipticus belongs to the Nigri section. The species was first described in 1965, and has been shown to produce sclerotia.

The genome of A. ellipticus was sequenced and published in 2014 as part of the Aspergillus whole-genome sequencing project – a project dedicated to performing whole-genome sequencing of all members of the Aspergillus genus. The genome assembly size was 42.87 Mbp.

Aspergillus
Aspergillus (/ˌæspərˈdʒɪləs/) is a genus consisting of several hundred mold species found in various climates worldwide.

Aspergillus was first catalogued in 1729 by the Italian priest and biologist Pier Antonio Micheli. Viewing the fungi under a microscope, Micheli was reminded of the shape of an aspergillum (holy water sprinkler), from Latin spargere (to sprinkle), and named the genus accordingly. Aspergillum is an asexual spore-forming structure common to all Aspergillus species; around one-third of species are also known to have a sexual stage. While some species of Aspergillus are known to cause fungal infections, others are of commercial importance.
Pigranes
Pigranes was a 4th-century Sasanian military officer active during the reign of Shapur II (r. 309–379). According to Ammianus Marcellinus, on 29 May 363, when the forces of the Roman Emperor Julian (r. 361–363) besieged the Sasanian capital of Ctesiphon, Pigranes along with his fellow officers Narseus and Surena were defeated and forced to flee to the interior of the city walls.

Ammianus Marcellinus
Ammianus Marcellinus, occasionally anglicized as Ammian (Greek: Αμμιανός Μαρκελλίνος; born c. 330, died c. 391 – 400), was a Greek and Roman soldier and historian who wrote the penultimate major historical account surviving from antiquity (preceding Procopius). Written in Latin and known as the Res gestae, his work chronicled the history of Rome from the accession of Emperor Nerva in 96 to the death of Valens at the Battle of Adrianople in 378. Only the sections covering the period 353 to 378 survive.
INS Tamal
INS Tamal (F71) is a Talwar-class frigate of the Indian Navy. It is the eighth ship of the Talwar-class frigates and the second of the third batch of the class frigates ordered by the Indian Navy. She was built by the Yantar shipyard in Kaliningrad, Russia. This is the 51st Indian naval ship constructed by Russia (and former USSR) over a span of 65 years and also the last warship to be imported by the Indian Navy from any foreign source. The commissioning commander of the ship is Captain Sridhar Tata, a specialist in "gunnery and missile warfare".

Talwar-class frigate
The Talwar-class (lit. 'Sword') frigates or Project 11356 are a class of stealth guided missile frigates designed and built by Russia for the Indian Navy. The Talwar-class guided missile frigates are the improved versions of the Krivak III-class (Project 1135) frigates used by the Russian Coast Guard. The design has been further developed as the Admiral Grigorovich-class frigate for the Russian Navy.

Designed by Severnoye Design Bureau, the first batch of ships were built by Baltic Shipyard and the second and third batch by Yantar Shipyard. Preceded by the Brahmaputra-class frigates, the Talwar-class frigates are said to have semi-stealth features and better armament. The Indian Navy currently operates eight of these ships and two more are under construction at the Goa Shipyard in India.
General equation of heat transfer
In fluid dynamics, the general equation of heat transfer is a nonlinear partial differential equation describing specific entropy production in a Newtonian fluid subject to thermal conduction and viscous forces:

where  is the specific entropy,  is the fluid's density,  is the fluid's temperature,  is the material derivative,  is the thermal conductivity,  is the dynamic viscosity,  is the second Lamé parameter,  is the flow velocity,  is the del operator used to characterize the gradient and divergence, and  is the Kronecker delta.

If the flow velocity is negligible, the general equation of heat transfer reduces to the standard heat equation. It may also be extended to rotating, stratified flows, such as those encountered in geophysical fluid dynamics.

Nonlinear partial differential equation
In mathematics and physics, a nonlinear partial differential equation is a partial differential equation with nonlinear terms. They describe many different physical systems, ranging from gravitation to fluid dynamics, and have been used in mathematics to solve problems such as the Poincaré conjecture and the Calabi conjecture. They are difficult to study: almost no general techniques exist that work for all such equations, and usually each individual equation has to be studied as a separate problem.

The distinction between a linear and a nonlinear partial differential equation is usually made in terms of the properties of the operator that defines the PDE itself.
ZeroBrane Studio
ZeroBrane Studio is a lightweight open-source Lua IDE with code completion, syntax highlighting, code analyzer, live coding, and debugging support for Lua 5.1, Lua 5.2, Lua 5.3, Lua 5.4, LuaJIT, and other Lua engines.
ZeroBrane Studio is a cross-platform application written in Lua that runs on Windows (Windows XP+), Linux, and macOS (10.9+) operating systems. It uses the wxWidgets toolkit and the Scintilla component for file editing.

Debugging
In engineering, debugging is the process of finding the root cause, workarounds, and possible fixes for bugs.

For software, debugging tactics can involve interactive debugging, control flow analysis, log file analysis, monitoring at the application or system level, memory dumps, and profiling. Many programming languages and software development tools also offer programs to aid in debugging, known as debuggers.
Victor Denton War Memorial
Victor Denton War Memorial is a heritage-listed memorial at Nobby Cemetery, Nobby, Toowoomba Region, Queensland, Australia. It was made in 1915 by Bruce Brothers. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Toowoomba Region
The Toowoomba Region is a local government area (LGA) on the border of Darling Downs and South East Queensland regions of Queensland, Australia. Established in 2008, the LGA was preceded by several other local government authorities with histories extending back to the early 1900s and beyond.

In 2018–2019, it had a A$491 million budget, of which A$316 million is for service delivery and A$175.13 million capital (infrastructure) budget.

In the 2021 census, the Toowoomba Region had a population of 173,204 people.
Noel Sanvicente
Noel 'Chita' Sanvicente Bethelmy (born 21 December 1964) is a Venezuelan football manager and former player who played as a forward. He is the current manager of Zamora.

Sanvicente is a former head coach of the Venezuela national team. He is the most successful manager in the country's history, having won 13 national championship titles and one cup with four teams.

Liga FUTVE
The Liga FUTVE is the top-flight professional football league of Venezuela. It was created in 1921 and turned professional in 1957. It is organized by the Federación Venezolana de Fútbol. In 2017, the league rebranded to its current name.
Gibson ES-350T
The Gibson ES-350T is an electric guitar model from Gibson Guitar Corporation, released in 1955. The ES-350T is a further development of the Gibson ES-350 model from 1947 and as such has a completely hollow body. The unique feature of the Gibson ES-350T at the time of its market introduction was the reduced width of the rims. As a result, the guitar has a thinner body compared to instruments with a resonance body that is of full thickness. The ES-350T, together with its sister models Gibson ES-225 TDN and Gibson Byrdland, was one of the first models of the thinline guitar type.

P.A.F. (pickup)
A P.A.F., or simply PAF ("Patent Applied For"), is an early model of the humbucker guitar pickup invented by Seth Lover in 1955, so named for the "Patent Applied For" decal placed on the baseplate of each pickup. Gibson used the P.A.F. on guitars from late 1956 until late 1962, long after the patent was granted. They were replaced by the Patent Number (Pat No) pickup, essentially a refined version of the P.A.F. These were in turn replaced by "T-Top" humbuckers in 1967, and production ended in 1975. Though it was not the first humbucking pickup ever, it was the first to gain widespread use, as the P.A.F.'s hum-free signal, tonal clarity, and touch sensitivity when paired with overdriven amplifiers made the pickups popular with rock and blues guitarists. The P.A.F. is an essential tonal characteristic of the now-famous 1957–1960 Gibson Les Paul Standard guitars, and pickups of this type have gained a large following.
Chrysaora plocamia
Chrysaora plocamia, the South American sea nettle, is a species of jellyfish from the family Pelagiidae. It is found from the Pacific coast of Peru, south along Chile's coast to Tierra del Fuego, and north along the Atlantic coast of Argentina, with a few records from Uruguay. Despite its common name, it is not the only sea nettle in South America. For example, C. lactea is another type of sea nettle in this region. Historically, C. plocamia was often confused with C. hysoscella, a species now known to be restricted to the northeast Atlantic. C. plocamia is a large jellyfish, up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) in bell diameter, although most mature individuals only are 25–40 cm (10–16 in).

Chrysaora lactea
Chrysaora lactea or the Milk Sea Nettle is a species of sea nettle in the family Pelagiidae. This jellyfish has a bell diameter of up to 25 cm (10 in), and it is native to the Atlantic coast of South America. They are mainly found near the coast of Brazil, and are commonly discovered near the coast of neighboring countries such as Argentina and Cuba. It has also been reported from the Caribbean region, but genetic studies indicate that this population is closer to C. chesapeakei. A comprehensive taxonomic review is necessary to resolve this matter.

As they are found near the coast, they play a negative affect on the human lifestyle prevalent there. Large groups of C. Lactea are known as blooms and can harm tourism due to their sting and effect on local marine life.