hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heisenberg group
In mathematics, the Heisenberg group , named after Werner Heisenberg, is the group of 3×3 upper triangular matrices of the form

under the operation of matrix multiplication. Elements a, b and c can be taken from any commutative ring with identity, often taken to be the ring of real numbers (resulting in the "continuous Heisenberg group") or the ring of integers (resulting in the "discrete Heisenberg group").

The continuous Heisenberg group arises in the description of one-dimensional quantum mechanical systems, especially in the context of the Stone–von Neumann theorem. More generally, one can consider Heisenberg groups associated to n-dimensional systems, and most generally, to any symplectic vector space.

Simply connected space
In topology, a topological space is called simply connected (or 1-connected, or 1-simply connected) if it is path-connected and every path between two points can be continuously transformed into any other such path while preserving the two endpoints in question. Intuitively, this corresponds to a space that has no disjoint parts and no holes that go completely through it, because two paths going around different sides of such a hole cannot be continuously transformed into each other. The fundamental group of a topological space is an indicator of the failure for the space to be simply connected: a path-connected topological space is simply connected if and only if its fundamental group is trivial.
Angles between flats
The concept of angles between lines (in the plane or in space), between two planes (dihedral angle) or between a line and a plane can be generalized to arbitrary dimensions. This generalization was first discussed by Camille Jordan. For any pair of flats in a Euclidean space of arbitrary dimension one can define a set of mutual angles which are invariant under isometric transformation of the Euclidean space. If the flats do not intersect, their shortest distance is one more invariant. These angles are called canonical or principal. The concept of angles can be generalized to pairs of flats in a finite-dimensional inner product space over the complex numbers.

Dihedral angle
A dihedral angle is the angle between two intersecting planes or half-planes. It is a plane angle formed on a third plane, perpendicular to the line of intersection between the two planes or the common edge between the two half-planes. In higher dimensions, a dihedral angle represents the angle between two hyperplanes. In chemistry, it is the clockwise angle between half-planes through two sets of three atoms, having two atoms in common.
1994 Acura U.S. Women's Hardcourts
The 1994 Acura U.S. Women's Hardcourts was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Stratton Mountain Sports Center in Stratton Mountain, Vermont in the United States and was part of the Tier II category  of the 1994 WTA Tour. It was the 29th edition of the tournament and was held from July 25 through July 31, 1994. First-seeded Conchita Martínez won her second consecutive singles title at the event and earned $80,000 first-prize money.

1994 WTA Tour
The 1994 WTA Tour was the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The WTA Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the year-ending WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III and Tier IV events. ITF tournaments are not part of the WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
52nd (Manchester) Field Regiment, Royal Artillery
52nd (Manchester) Field Regiment was a Royal Artillery (RA) unit of Britain's part-time Territorial Army (TA) during World War II. It was descended from the Manchester Artillery, first formed in the City of Manchester in 1860. It served in the Battle of France, at the end of which its personnel were evacuated from Dunkirk. It was then sent to the Middle East where it joined 8th Indian Division and fought with this division in the Italian Campaign. It was reformed in the postwar TA, and its successor unit continues as a battery in the present day Army Reserve

Ordnance QF 25-pounder
The Ordnance QF 25-pounder, or more simply 25-pounder or 25-pdr, with a calibre of 3.45 inches (87.6 mm), was a piece of field artillery used by British and Commonwealth forces in the Second World War. Durable, easy to operate and versatile, it was the most produced and used British field gun and gun-howitzer during the war.

It was introduced into service just before the War started and combined both high-angle and direct-fire abilities, a relatively high rate of fire, and a reasonably lethal shell, with a highly mobile piece. Initial production was slow but, by 1945, over 12,000 had been manufactured. It remained the British Army's primary artillery field piece well into the 1960s, with smaller numbers used in training units until the 1980s. Many Commonwealth countries used theirs in active or reserve service until about the 1970s, and ammunition for the weapon is currently (2020s) being produced by Pakistan Ordnance Factories.
Hit (album)
Hit, also known as Peter Gabriel: The Definitive Two CD Collection, is a 2003 compilation album of songs by the English rock musician Peter Gabriel. It reached No. 29 on the UK Albums Chart and No. 100 in the US. Disc one is labelled Hit and disc two Miss, reflecting the first disc which comprises Gabriel's best known chart singles and the second featuring his more obscure material.

The two-disc set is different in the UK and US because of the second disc. The second disc in the US spans fourteen songs by Gabriel, whilst the UK second disc features fifteen songs. Only some of these appeared on the US version. The UK version collects at least one track from every studio album by Gabriel, including soundtracks, except for Birdy, which is the only album not represented by a track.

The album is Gabriel's first compilation album since 1990's Shaking the Tree: Sixteen Golden Greats.

Birdy (Peter Gabriel album)
Birdy is the first soundtrack and sixth album overall by the English rock musician Peter Gabriel for the movie of the same name, released in 1985. The album marked Gabriel's first work with producer Daniel Lanois. It was remastered with most of Gabriel's catalogue in 2002.
Gostivar dialect
The Gostivar dialect (Macedonian: Гостиварски дијалект, Gostivarski dijalekt) or Upper Polog dialect (Macedonian: Горнополошки дијалект, Gornopološki dijalekt) is a member of the western and north western subgroup of the western group of dialects of Macedonian. The dialect is mainly spoken in the area around the city of Gostivar to the villages Brvenica and Bogovinje on north, Reka region on west, Poreče on east and Galičnik on south. The dialect is closely related with the neighbouring dialects, particularly with the Kičevo-Poreče dialect, Reka dialect and Galičnik dialect. Also in some extent, the dialect shares some similarities with the Tetovo dialect. The dialect is very well known for using masculine forms of direct and indirect objects, for male and female.

Galičnik dialect
The Galičnik dialect (Macedonian: Галички дијалект, Galički dijalekt) or Lower Reka dialect (Macedonian: Малорекански дијалект, Malorekanski dijalekt) is a member of the subgroup of western and northwestern dialects of the western group of dialects of Macedonian. The dialect is spoken on a small territory on the mountain Bistra in the western part of North Macedonia. The dialect's name is derived from the biggest village in that area- Galičnik. Also, the dialect is spoken in many other small villages, including the village of Gari. The Galičnik dialect is closely related to the Reka dialect, spoken north-western of the Galičnik dialect. This dialect is well known in North Macedonia because of the archaic words that this dialect has. The dialect can be found in many historically important literary works in Macedonian literature. One of the most important is Ǵorǵija Puleski and his dictionary of three languages.
2018 Tre Valli Varesine
The 2018 Tre Valli Varesine was the 98th edition of the Tre Valli Varesine road cycling one day race. It was held on 9 October 2018 as part of the 2018 UCI Europe Tour in category 1.HC, over a distance of 203 km, starting in Saronno and ending in Varese.

The race was won by Toms Skujiņš of Trek–Segafredo.

2018 UCI Europe Tour
The 2018 UCI Europe Tour was the fourteenth season of the UCI Europe Tour. The 2018 season began on 25 January 2018 with the Trofeo Porreres, Felanitx, Ses Salines, Campos and ended on 16 October 2018 with the Nationale Sluitingsprijs.

French rider Nacer Bouhanni (Cofidis), who scored 1,124 points in the 2017 edition, is the defending champion from the 2017 UCI Europe Tour.

Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded.

The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows:

Multi-day events: 2.HC, 2.1 and 2.2

One-day events: 1.HC, 1.1 and 1.2
Picnomon
Picnomon is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Cardueae within the family Asteraceae. The only known species is Picnomon acarna, native to Europe, Asia, and Africa from Portugal and the Canary Islands to Kazakhstan.

Cardueae
The Cardueae are a tribe of flowering plants in the daisy family (Asteraceae) and the subfamily Carduoideae.  Most of them are commonly known as thistles; four of the best known genera are Carduus, Cynara (containing the widely eaten artichoke), Cirsium, and Onopordum.

They are annual, biennial, or perennial herbs.  Many species are thorny on leaves, stems, or involucre, and some have laticifers or resin conduits. Almost 80 genera comprising 2500 species are assigned to this tribe, native of temperate regions of Europe and Asia (especially the Mediterranean region and Minor Asia), Australia and tropical Africa; only three genera contain species native to the Americas.
La minorenne
La minorenne (The minor) is a 1974 Italian commedia sexy all'italiana directed by Silvio Amadio. The author Adriano Tentori referred to the film as "a piece of 1970s fashion history, where the sexy body of Gloria Guida performs masterfully".

Commedia sexy all'italiana
The commedia sexy all'italiana (Italian: [komˈmɛːdja ˈsɛksi allitaˈljaːna], lit. "sex comedy Italian style"), also known as commedia scollacciata ("low-cut comedy") or commedia erotica all'italiana, is a subgenre of the Italian commedia all'italiana film genre.
Feminine beauty ideal
The feminine beauty ideal is a specific set of beauty standards regarding traits that are ingrained in women throughout their lives and from a young age to increase their perceived physical attractiveness. It is experienced by many women in the world, though the traits change over time and vary in country and culture.

The prevailing beauty standard for women is heteronormative, but the extent to which it has influenced lesbian and bisexual women is debated. The feminine beauty ideal traits include but are not limited to: female body shape, facial feature, skin tones, clothing style, hairstyle and body weight.

Handling the pressure to conform to particular definition of "beautiful" can have psychological effects on an individual, such as depression, eating disorders, body dysmorphia and low self-esteem that can start from an adolescent age and continue into adulthood.

Female body shape
Female body shape or female figure is the cumulative product of a woman's bone structure along with the distribution of muscle and fat on the body.

Female figures are typically narrower at the waist than at the bust and hips. The bust, waist, and hips are called inflection points, and the ratios of their circumferences are used to define basic body shapes.

Reflecting the wide range of individual beliefs on what is best for physical health and what is preferred aesthetically, there is no universally acknowledged ideal female body shape. Ideals may also vary across different cultures, and they may exert influence on how a woman perceives her own body image.
Joliette—L'Assomption—Montcalm
Joliette—L'Assomption—Montcalm (French pronunciation: [ʒɔljɛt lasɔ̃psjɔ̃ mɔ̃kalm]) was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1935 to 1968.

This riding was created in 1933 from parts of Joliette and L'Assomption—Montcalm ridings.

It was initially defined to consist of:

the county of Joliette including the city of Joliette;

the county of L'Assomption; and

the county of Montcalm, except the township of Archambault.

In 1947, it was redefined to consist of:

the county of Joliette (except the township of Gouin), and the city of Joliette;

the county of L'Assomption and the towns of L'Assomption and Laurentides;

the county of Montcalm, except the townships of Brunet, Nantel and Pérodeau and the township of Archambault.

It was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed into Berthier, Joliette, Labelle and Terrebonne ridings.

Terrebonne—Blainville
Terrebonne—Blainville (French pronunciation: [tɛʁbɔn blɛ̃vil]) was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1997 until 2015.

It was created in 1996 out of parts of Blainville—Deux-Montagnes, Repentigny and Joliette ridings.

The 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution saw the riding abolished into Terrebonne, Thérèse-De Blainville and Mirabel.
Estadio Víctor Legrotaglie
Estadio Víctor Antonio Legrotaglie is a football stadium located at the General San Martín Park in the city of Mendoza of the homonymous province, Argentina.

Inaugurated in 1934, the stadium is owned and operated by club Club Gimnasia y Esgrima and has a capacity of 11,000 spectators being one of the largest stadiums in the province after Estadio Malvinas Argentinas (42,000), Estadio Bautista Gargantini (24,000), and Estadio Feliciano Gambarte (17,000).

The venue was named after Víctor Legrotaglie, former player and manager of Gimnasia y Esgrima and largely regarded as the greatest idol in club's history.

Estadio Malvinas Argentinas
Malvinas Argentinas Stadium (Spanish: Estadio Malvinas Argentinas) is a stadium in the city of Mendoza in the homonymous province of Argentina. With a seating capacity of 42,000 spectators, the stadium is the largest in Mendoza. Built for the 1978 FIFA World Cup, It is owned and administered by the Provincial Government.

The venue is mostly used for association football matches, although it has hosted some rugby union games during The Rugby Championship, as well as music concerts. In Primera División matches, local club Godoy Cruz plays their home matches at Malvinas Argentinas in some occasions.
Yufka
Yufka is a versatile thin pastry dough in Turkey that is used in making börek and other Turkish dishes. It is also the dough that is used in making the yufka bread by cooking it on a saj. Yufka is similar to Mexican tortilla, being an unleavened bread, the same term is used in Turkey for a single sheet of filo.

In 2016, UNESCO recognized the "flatbread making and sharing culture" of lavash, katyrma, jupka, and yufka as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, shared by Turkey, Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan.

Yufka are thicker than filo sheets, and are prepared differently, yet the terms are sometimes used interchangeably.

Lavash
Lavash (Armenian: լավաշ; Persian: لواش, romanized: lavâš) is a thin flatbread usually leavened, traditionally baked in a tandoor (tonir or tanoor) or on a sajj, and common to the cuisines of South Caucasus, West Asia, and the areas surrounding the Caspian Sea. Lavash is one of the most widespread types of bread in Armenia. The traditional recipe can be adapted to the modern kitchen by using a griddle or wok instead of the tonir.

In 2014, "Lavash, the preparation, meaning and appearance of traditional bread as an expression of culture in Armenia" was inscribed in the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. In 2016, the making and sharing of flatbread (lavash, katyrma, jupka or yufka) in communities of Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkey was inscribed on the list as well. Lavash is similar to yufka, but in Turkish cuisine lavash (lavaş) is prepared with a yeast dough while yufka is typically unleavened.
Enzyme washing
Enzyme washing or "bio stoning" is a textile manufacturing technique in which cellulase enzymes are applied to denim. As with traditional stone washing, the intended effect is a faded appearance and softer feel. Because the technique relies on biotechnology, enzyme washing is considered an example of textile bio-processing.

Sustainable fashion
Sustainable fashion is a term describing efforts within the fashion industry to reduce its environmental impacts, protect workers producing garments and uphold animal welfare. Sustainability in fashion encompasses a wide range of factors, including cutting CO2 emissions, addressing overproduction, reducing pollution and waste, supporting biodiversity and ensuring that garment workers are paid a fair wage and have safe working conditions.

In 2020, it was found that voluntary, self-directed reform of textile manufacturing supply chains by large companies to reduce the environmental impacts was largely unsuccessful. Measures to reform fashion production beyond greenwashing require policies for the creation and enforcement of standardized certificates, along with related import controls, subsidies, and interventions such as eco-tariffs.
Red knot
The red knot or just knot (Calidris canutus) is a medium-sized shorebird which breeds in tundra and the Arctic Cordillera in the far north of Canada, Europe, and Russia. It is a large member of the Calidris sandpipers, second only to the great knot. Six subspecies are recognised.

Their diet varies according to season; arthropods and larvae are the preferred food items at the breeding grounds, while various hard-shelled molluscs are consumed at other feeding sites at other times. North American breeders migrate to coastal areas in Europe and South America, while the Eurasian populations winter in Africa, Papua New Guinea, Australia, and New Zealand. This species forms enormous flocks when not breeding.

10th edition of Systema Naturae
The 10th edition of Systema Naturae (Latin; the English title is A General System of Nature) is a book written by Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus and published in two volumes in 1758 and 1759, which marks the starting point of zoological nomenclature. In it, Linnaeus introduced binomial nomenclature for animals, something he had already done for plants in his 1753 publication of Species Plantarum.
Sam Torrance
Samuel Robert Torrance (born 24 August 1953) is a Scottish former professional golfer and sports commentator. He was one of the leading players on the European Tour from the mid-1970s to the late 1990s, with 21 Tour wins. Torrance was a member of European Ryder Cup teams on eight occasions consecutively; on Cup-winning teams four times. He was also part of the winning Scotland team at the 1995 Dunhill Cup.  He was the winning non-playing captain of the European Ryder Cup team in 2002. Torrance was honoured with the MBE (1996) and OBE (2003), for his outstanding contributions to golf.

1995 World Cup of Golf
The 1995 World Cup of Golf took place 9–12 November at the Mission Hills Golf Club in Shenzhen, Dongguan, Guangdong, China. It was the 41st World Cup. The tournament was a 72-hole stroke play team event with each team consisting of two players from a country. The combined score of each team determined the team results. Individuals also competed for the International Trophy. The prize money totaled $1,500,000 with $400,000 going to the winning pair and $100,000 to the top individual. The United States team of Fred Couples and Davis Love won, for a record fourth time in a row with the same players in the team, by 14 strokes over the Australia team of Brett Ogle and Robert Allenby. Love took the International Trophy after a playoff over Hisayuki Sasaki of Japan.
Mary Hughes (actress)
Mary Cecilia Hughes (February 25, 1944 – December 13, 2007)  was an American actress and model, known for her small roles in several beach party films between 1964 and 1967. Hughes was also known for being a groupie, having relationships with musicians Eric Clapton, Roger Daltrey, and Jeff Beck, who mentions her by name in the Yardbirds' song "Psycho Daisies".

Groupie
A groupie is a fan of a particular musical group who follows the band around while they are on tour or who attends as many of their public appearances as possible, with the hope of meeting them. The term is used mostly describing young women, and sometimes men, who follow these individuals aiming to gain fame of their own, or help with behind-the-scenes work, or to initiate a relationship of some kind, intimate or otherwise. The term is also used to describe similarly enthusiastic fans of athletes, writers, and other public figures.
Kemonotachi no Yoru/Rondo
"Kemonotachi no Yoru/RONDO" (獣たちの夜/RONDO) is the 38th single by the Japanese rock band Buck-Tick, released on May 22, 2019 on the label Lingua Sounda (Victor). The song "Rondo" is used as the ending theme for the GeGeGe no Kitarō anime since episode 50. Cube Juice, the project of the music producer Nagao Shinichi, participates in track 3 with Kemonotachi no Yoru's remix. The track Kemonotachi no Yoru, in a different version, is part of the album Abracadabra.

GeGeGe no Kitarō (2018 TV series)
The sixth GeGeGe no Kitarō anime adaptation. It premiered on April 1, 2018. This anime adaptation celebrates the 50th anniversary of the original 1968 anime. Produced by Toei Animation, it aired on Fuji Television from April 1, 2018 to March 29, 2020. Crunchyroll streamed the series with original Japanese audio and English subtitles.
Twilight (1864 towboat)
The Twilight was an American sternwheeler towboat that was built in 1864 in Middletown, Pennsylvania. Initially named as the Traveler, she was rebuilt in 1882 by Lew Clark and renamed as the Twilight. She was then renamed again in May 1927 as the J. H. McCrady.

This sternwheeler was also nicknamed "The Cat with Nine Lives" because she was involved in so many accidents.

Pusher (boat)
A pusher, pusher craft, pusher boat, pusher tug, or towboat, is a boat designed for pushing barges or car floats. In the United States, the industries that use these vessels refer to them as towboats. These vessels are characterized by a square bow and a shallow draft, and they typically have knees, which are large plates mounted to the bow for pushing barges of various heights. These boats usually operate on rivers and inland waterways. Multiple barges lashed together, or a boat and any barges lashed to it, are referred to as a tow and can have dozens of barges. Many of these vessels, especially the long-haul boats, include living quarters for the crew.
2009 USTA LA Tennis Open
The 2009 USTA LA Tennis Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was part of the 2009 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Carson, California, United States between May 23–31, 2009.

Carson Challenger
The Carson Challenger (also known as the USTA Player Development Classic and the USTA LA Tennis Open) was a tournament for professional female and male tennis players. The event on outdoor hardcourts was classified as a $50,000 ITF Women's Circuit tournament and was held in Carson, California in the United States from 2007 to 2011. In 2014, the tournament was a replacement for the Yakima Regional Hospital Challenger, as their clubhouse was destroyed by a fire earlier in the year. The event was also previously part of the ATP Challenger Tour, from 2005 to 2010, with the exception of 2006.