hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kashima Domain
Kashima Domain (鹿島藩, Kashima-han) was a Japanese domain of the Edo period.  It was regarded as a sub-domain of Saga Domain.  The domain was centered in what is now the city of Kashima, Saga. It was ruled by a cadet branch of the tozama daimyō Nabeshima clan for all of its history.

Abolition of the han system
The abolition of the han system (廃藩置県, haihan-chiken) in the Empire of Japan and its replacement by a system of prefectures in 1871 was the culmination of the Meiji Restoration begun in 1868, the starting year of the Meiji period. Under the reform, all daimyos (大名, daimyō, feudal lords) were required to return their authority to the Emperor Meiji and his house. The process was accomplished in several stages, resulting in a new centralized government of Meiji Japan and the replacement of the old feudal system with a new oligarchy.
Oxyphenisatine
Oxyphenisatine (or oxyphenisatin) is a laxative.   It is closely related to bisacodyl, sodium picosulfate, and phenolphthalein. Long-term use is associated with liver damage, and as a result, it was withdrawn in most countries in the early 1970s.  The acetate derivative oxyphenisatine acetate was also once used as a laxative.

Natural chemical compounds similar to oxyphenisatine may be present in prunes, but a recent review of the relevant scientific literature suggests that the laxative effect of prunes is due to other constituents including phenolic compounds (mainly neochlorogenic acids and chlorogenic acids) and sorbitol.  Oxyphenisatin has cathartic properties.

Prune
A prune is a dried plum, most commonly from the European plum (Prunus domestica) tree. Not all plum species or varieties can be dried into prunes. Use of the term prune for fresh plums is obsolete except when applied to varieties of plum grown for drying. In this usage, a prune is the firm-fleshed plum fruit of P. domestica varieties that have a high soluble solids content and do not ferment during drying.

Most prunes are freestone cultivars (i.e., the pit is easy to remove), whereas most plums grown for fresh consumption are clingstone (the pit is more difficult to remove). The sorbitol content of dietary fiber likely provides the laxative effect associated with consuming prunes. Prunes are 64% carbohydrates, including dietary fiber, 2% protein, a rich source of vitamin K, and a moderate source of B vitamins and dietary minerals.
John Raymond Evelyn Stansfeld
John Raymond Evelyn Stansfeld DSO (/ˈɛvəlɪn ˈstænsfiːld/ EV-əl-in STANSS-feeld; 20 April 1880 – 28 September 1915) was a British army officer involved in the Relief of Ladysmith, the Battle of Spion Kop during the Boer War and the First Battle of Ypres. Stansfeld died at the Battle of Loos during World War I.  He served with the Gordon Highlanders.

Royal Military Academy Sandhurst
The Royal Military Academy Sandhurst (RMAS or RMA Sandhurst), commonly known simply as Sandhurst, is one of several military academies of the United Kingdom and is the British Army's initial officer training centre. It is located in the town of Sandhurst, Berkshire, though its ceremonial entrance is in Camberley, Surrey, southwest of London. All British Army officers (including late-entry officers who were previously Warrant Officers) are trained at the academy, alongside other men and women from overseas. The academy also commands the University Officers' Training Corps (UOTC), which along with the General Staff Centre (GSC) and the Centre for Army Leadership (CAL) are collectively part of the formation known as Sandhurst Group (RMAS Group) part of Home Command.

Sandhurst is the British Army equivalent of the Britannia Royal Naval College and of the Royal Air Force College Cranwell.
Rozaimi Rahman
Muhammad Rozaimi bin Abdul Rahman (born 6 October 1992) is a Malaysian professional footballer who plays as a striker. He previously played for the defunct Sarawak, Sabah, Selangor, Kedah and Johor Darul Ta'zim II.

Rozaimi is a former Malaysian international and made his debut for the country against Sri Lanka in 2012. He rose to national prominence when he scored 10 goals in five appearances in the 2013 AFC U-22 Asian Cup qualification tournament while playing for the under-23 team, making him top scorer of the competition. He was listed as one of the top ten Asian players of 2012 by ESPN.

2019 Malaysia Challenge Cup
The 2019 Malaysia Challenge Cup or Challenge Cup (Malay: Piala Cabaran Malaysia 2019) is the second edition of Malaysia Challenge Cup tournament organised by Football Association of Malaysia (FAM) and Malaysian Football League (MFL).

The 2019 Malaysia Challenge Cup will start with a preliminary round. A total of 7 teams took part in the competition. The teams were divided into two groups, one group containing four teams and another with three teams. The group leaders and runners-up teams in the groups after four or six matches qualified to the semi-finals.
Maria Theresa Reef
The Maria Theresa Reef is a supposed reef in the South Pacific (south of the French Tuamotu islands and east of New Zealand); it appears to be a phantom reef. It is also known as Tabor Island or Tabor Reef on French maps.

Phantom island
A phantom island is a purported island which has appeared on maps but was later found not to exist. They usually originate from the reports of early sailors exploring new regions, and are commonly the result of navigational errors, mistaken observations, unverified misinformation, or deliberate fabrication. Some have remained on maps for centuries before being "un-discovered".

Unlike lost lands, which are claimed (or known) to have once existed but to have been swallowed by the sea or otherwise destroyed, a phantom island is one that is claimed to exist contemporaneously, but later found not to have existed in the first place (or found not to be an island, as with the Island of California).
Ricinolein
Ricinolein is the chief constituent of castor oil and is the triglyceride of ricinoleic acid. Castor oil, the expressed natural fatty oil of the seeds of Ricinus communis also contains mixtures of the glycerides of isoricinoleic acids and much smaller traces of tristearin and the glyceride of dihydroxysteric acid. Ricinolein is the active principle in the use of castor oil as a purgative and solvent for several medically useful alkaloids.

Stearin
Stearin /ˈstɪərɪn/, or tristearin, or glyceryl tristearate is an odourless, white powder. It is a triglyceride derived from three units of stearic acid.  Most triglycerides are derived from at least two and more commonly three different fatty acids.  Like other triglycerides, stearin can crystallise in three polymorphs.  For stearin, these melt at 54 °C (α-form), 65 °C, and 72.5 °C (β-form).

Note that stearin is also used to mean the solid component of an oil or fat that can be separated into components that melt at higher (the stearin) and lower (the olein) temperatures. This is the usage meant in an example such as palm stearin.
Galina Kreft
Galina Sergeyevna Kreft-Alekseyeva (Russian: Галина Серге́евна Крефт-Алексеева; 14 March 1950 – 24 February 2005) was a Soviet sprint canoer who competed from the mid-1970s to the early 1980s. She won two medals in two separate Summer Olympics in the K-2 500 m: a gold in 1976 and a silver in 1980.

Kreft also won seven silver medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with two in the K-1 500 m (1975, 1979), one in the K-2 500 m (1975), and four in the K-4 500 m events (1974, 1975, 1979, 1983).

1979 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1979 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Duisburg, West Germany.

The men's competition consisted of six Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Three events were held for the women, all in kayak.

This was the fifteenth championships in canoe sprint. It was where an incident later referred to as The Česiunas Affair took place when Soviet-born Lithuanian canoer Vladas Česiūnas appeared at the event as a spectator only to vanish. The West German government claimed Česiunas had defected, but the former canoer had returned to the Soviet Union voluntarily several weeks later. During Česiunas' disappearance, he would speak in favor of the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott, more than two months before the Soviet–Afghan War, but later returned to the Soviet Embassy in Bonn. The Soviets toned down their rhetoric about Česiunas' "disappearance" in the West and changed his mind all the while West Germany continued to maintain that he had been kidnapped.
Cockshutt 20
The Cockshutt 20 row-crop tractor was the third tractor produced by the Cockshutt Plow Company, from 1951 to 1958. Having developed the medium-sized Cockshutt 30 and the heavier Cockshutt 40, the 20 was a small two-plow tractor for general use. The 20 was sold in the United States as the CO-OP E2.

Cockshutt 30
The Cockshutt 30 row-crop tractor was the first production tractor to be manufactured in Canada. The Cockshutt Plow Company had previously imported rebranded Oliver and Allis-Chalmers tractors from the United States. The Model 30 marked Cockshutt's emergence as a full-line agricultural manufacturer. The tractors were built in Cockshutt's Brantford, Ontario plant. The Model 30 was noted for its introduction of a live power take-off (PTO), the first such accessory that could be operated whether the tractor was moving or stationary. Through the model's production span it was itself resold in the United States as the CO-OP E3 and the Gambles Farmcrest 30.
Sampaio Moreira Building
The Sampaio Moreira Building (Portuguese: Edifício Sampaio Moreira) is located at 346 Líbero Badaró Street, in the central region of São Paulo. With twelve floors and a height of 50 metres (160 ft), the building was named Sampaio Moreira after its owner José de Sampaio Moreira (1866–1943), a merchant who the architect Christiano Stockler convinced in 1920 to make the building that would complete the Anhangabaú Park monument, which was finished four years later.

Central Zone of São Paulo
The Central Zone (Portuguese: Zona Central de São Paulo) is an administrative zone of the city of São Paulo, Brazil.

One of the largest commercial and business districts in South America, the region is administered by the subprefecture of Sé. It is not concurrent, although often confused, with the regions known as Centro Expandido ("Expanded Center"), a broader area used by the city government for urban planning and road space rationing actions and Centro Histórico de São Paulo ("Historic Center of São Paulo"), which, as the name implies, includes only the oldest part of the central region.
Chicken Rock
Chicken Rock (Manx: Carrick ny Kirkey) is an isolated rock and the southernmost island administered by the Isle of Man. Situated in the Irish Sea, it lies approximately 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) southwest of Spanish Head on the Manx mainland, and about 1 mile (1.6 km) south of the Calf of Man. Administratively, the rock falls under the parish of Rushen.

The rock itself is largely a submerged reef at high tide, presenting a historical hazard to shipping navigating the southern coast of the Isle of Man. It is best known for its prominent 19th-century lighthouse.

Spanish Head
Spanish Head is a promontory on the southwestern coast of the Isle of Man, rising over 110 metres (350 ft) from sea level.

Spanish Head is 6 kilometres (4 mi) south west of Port St Mary, and the Calf of Man lies to the southwest of the head, separated from it by the Calf Sound.

The name of the promontory originates from the Manx name for the type of rock in the area, based on the Manx word "speeiney" meaning "bark", "strip" or "peel" reflecting the natural fissility of the slate on the promontory. The Manx word for "Spain" is a similar word "Spaainey" which led to a later folk tale linking the name to a myth of a ship from the Spanish Armada becoming wrecked in the area, though there is no archaeological evidence, or written accounts to support such a wreck, and the route of the Armada did not pass through the Irish Sea.
Desenberg
The Desenberg near Daseburg in the North Rhine-Westphalian county of Höxter is 343.6 m above sea level (NHN) and the most prominent hill in the Warburg Börde, a relatively level, fertile Börde region.
The hill is a basalt knoll crowned by the ruins of Desenberg Castle and a relict of recent geological history and volcanism,  as well as medieval feudalism and warfare. The present shape of the Desenberg has arisen through weathering.

Höxter (district)
Höxter (German pronunciation: [ˈhœkstɐ]) is a Kreis (district) in the east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Holzminden, Northeim, Kassel, Waldeck-Frankenberg, Hochsauerland, Paderborn, and Lippe.
Suwayri
Suwayri (Arabic: صويري, also spelled Suweireh or Swarey) is a village in western Syria located northwest of Homs in the Homs Governorate. Nearby towns include Shin to the northwest, al-Mahfurah to the north, Ghur Gharbiyah to the northeast, Qazhal to the east, Khirbet Tin Nur to the southeast, Khirbet al-Hamam to the south, Hadidah to the southwest and Mazinah to the west. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Suwayri had a population of 2,966 in the 2004 census, making it the second largest locality in the Shin nahiyah ("subdistrict"). Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites.

Ghawr Gharbiyah
Ghawr Gharbiyah (Arabic: غور غربية, also spelled Ghor Gharbiya or Ghouri) is a town in central Syria, administratively part of the Homs Governorate, northwest of Homs. Nearby localities include Qazhal to the southeast, Akrad Dayasinah to the east, Burj Qa'i to the northeast, Taldou and Kafr Laha to the northwest and Sharqliyya and al-Qabu to the west. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Ghawr Gharbiyah had a population of 4,016 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Shia Muslims.

In 1829, during Ottoman rule, the village consisted of 30 feddans and paid 3,080 qirsh in annual tax revenues. In 1838 Ghawr Gharbiyah was classified as a Sunni Muslim village.
Führerhauptquartier Olga
Führerhauptquartier Olga was a bunker facility part built near the town of Orsha in the Soviet Union during World War II. The facility was built by the organization Todt on the road near Orsha, some 200 kilometers northeast of Minsk, between July and September 1943. The complex consisted of a bunker, some blockhouses and several wooden barracks.

The first discussions on the construction of the facility took place on 20 June 1943 in the Wolfschanze in East Prussia. Further planning took place on site on 27 June 1943. Führerhauptquartier Olga was never completed and abandoned in October 1943 after the end of Operation Zitadelle and the subsequent withdrawal of the German Wehrmacht. By the end of the project, around 400 cubic meters of concrete had been installed and barracks and blockhouses with an area of 3599 square meters had been built. The security bunker complex planned for Hitler was not completed.

Führer Headquarters
The Führer Headquarters (German: Führerhauptquartiere), abbreviated FHQ, were a number of official headquarters used by the Nazi leader Adolf Hitler and various other German commanders and officials throughout Europe during World War II. The last one to be used, and the most widely known, was the Führerbunker in Berlin, where Hitler committed suicide on 30 April 1945. Other notable headquarters are the Wolfsschanze (Wolf's Lair) in East Prussia, where Claus Graf von Stauffenberg in league with other conspirators attempted to assassinate Hitler on 20 July 1944, and Hitler's private home, the Berghof, at Obersalzberg near Berchtesgaden, where he frequently met with prominent foreign and domestic officials.
Infighting in the Sinaloa Cartel
The Sinaloa War is an ongoing internal armed conflict within the Sinaloa Cartel, centered in northwestern Mexico. The conflict began on 9 September 2024, following the transfer of Ismael "El Mayo" Zambada to United States authorities by members of the Chapitos faction. The event triggered a formal schism within the cartel and escalated into a multi-front war between the MZ/MF faction and Los Chapitos, later drawing in external cartels and regional groups.

Iván Archivaldo Guzmán Salazar
Iván Archivaldo Guzmán Salazar, also known by his alias "El Chapito" (English: 'Little Chapo'), is a Mexican drug lord, narcoterrorist, and current co-leader of the Sinaloa Cartel, along with Ismael Zambada Sicairos.

According to U.S. government sources and observers of the narcotics trade, Iván Archivaldo, his brother Jesús Alfredo Guzmán Salazar, and half-brothers Ovidio Guzmán López and Joaquín Guzmán López have taken over the faction of the cartel previously led by their father. They are commonly referred to as "Los Chapitos." Ovidio Guzmán López was apprehended on 5 January 2023 and extradited to the U.S., where he is now imprisoned on drug trafficking charges, while Joaquín Guzmán López was arrested on 25 July 2024 and is currently going through court procedures.
Happy Ghost III
Happy Ghost III (Chinese: 開心鬼撞鬼; pinyin: Kai xin gui zhuang gui) is a 1986 Hong Kong comedy film directed by Johnnie To. Produced and written by Raymond Wong, the film stars Wong and Maggie Cheung. This is the third installment in the "Happy Ghost" series, the film is far more frenetically paced than the first two and its much more a film for adults.

Raymond Wong Pak-ming
Raymond Wong Pak-ming MH (Chinese: 黃百鳴; born 8 April 1948; sometimes transliterated as Raymond Wong Bak-ming) is a Hong Kong film producer, playwright, director and actor. He is one of the most successful producers in Hong Kong cinema, having been one of the comedians to establish Cinema City Studios in 1980.
Sandro Mamukelashvili
Alexander "Sandro" Mamukelashvili (Georgian: ალექსანდრე "სანდრო" მამუკელაშვილი; born 23 May 1999) is a Georgian-American professional basketball player for the Toronto Raptors of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Seton Hall Pirates.

Mamukelashvili attended Montverde Academy after a stint on a youth team in Biella, Italy. As a junior at Seton Hall, Mamukelashvili missed several weeks with a wrist injury but averaged 11.9 points per game. He was named Big East co-Player of the Year as a senior.

Georgian Americans
Georgian Americans (Georgian: ქართველი ამერიკელები, romanized: kartveli amerik'elebi) are Americans of full or partial Georgian ancestry. They encompass ethnic Georgians who have immigrated to the U.S. from Georgia, as well as other areas with significant Georgian populations, such as Russia.

The precise number of Americans of Georgian descent is unknown. This is because 19th and 20th century U.S. immigration records often did not differentiate between various ethnic groups originating in the Russian Empire, which had slowly annexed Georgia starting from year 1801 and of which it remained a part until 1918.
Leonard Peikoff
Leonard Sylvan Peikoff (/ˈpiːkɒf/; born October 15, 1933) is a Canadian American philosopher. He is an Objectivist and was a close associate of Ayn Rand, who designated him heir to her estate. Peikoff is a former professor of philosophy and host of a nationally syndicated radio talk show. He co-founded the Ayn Rand Institute (ARI) in 1985 and is the author of several books on philosophy.

American philosophy
American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can nevertheless be seen as both reflecting and shaping collective American identity over the history of the nation". The philosophy of the Founding Fathers of the United States is largely seen as an extension of the European Enlightenment. A small number of philosophies are known as American in origin, namely pragmatism and transcendentalism, with their most prominent proponents being the philosophers William James and Ralph Waldo Emerson respectively.
Peter Baxandall
Peter James Baxandall (August 11, 1921, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey – September 8, 1995, Malvern, Worcestershire) was an English audio engineer and electronics engineer and a pioneer of the use of analog electronics in audio. He is probably best known for what is now called the Baxandall tone control circuit, first published in a paper in Wireless World.

Tone control circuit
Tone control is a type of equalization used to make specific pitches or frequencies in an audio signal softer or louder. It allows a listener to adjust the tone of the sound produced by audio equipment to their liking, for example, to compensate for inadequate bass response of loudspeakers or earphones, tonal qualities of the room, or hearing impairment.  A tone control circuit is an electronic circuit that consists of a network of filters which modify the signal before it is fed to speakers, headphones or recording devices by way of an amplifier. Tone controls are found on many sound systems: radios, portable music players, boomboxes, public address systems, and musical instrument amplifiers.
Grand Army of the Republic Memorial Hall (St. Cloud, Florida)
The Grand Army of the Republic Memorial Hall is an historic building located at 1101 Massachusetts Avenue in St. Cloud, Florida, in the United States. The city of St. Cloud had been founded by the Grand Army of the Republic or GAR,  as a retirement colony for its members. The hall was built in 1914 by members of the GAR as a memorial to the Union Army veterans of the Civil War. It was one of many such halls built in the country.  On February 21, 1997, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

St. Cloud, Florida
St. Cloud or Saint Cloud is a city in northern Osceola County, Florida, United States. It is on the southern shore of East Lake Tohopekaliga in Central Florida, about 26 miles (41.8 km) southeast of Orlando. The population was 35,183 in the 2010 census, and 58,964 in the 2020 census. The city is part of the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford metropolitan area.

St. Cloud was founded as a retirement community for Union army veterans of the Civil War, and gained the nickname "The Friendly Soldier City".
RFA Eddyreef
RFA Eddyreef (A202) was an Eddy-class coastal tanker of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA), the naval auxiliary fleet of the United Kingdom.

Built by the Caledon Shipbuilding & Engineering Company, Dundee, the ship was launched on 28 May 1953, and entered service on 23 October 1953.

Eddyreef was laid up in 1958, and departed from Devonport, Plymouth, in tow for demolition at Willebroek, Belgium, in March 1964.

Eddy-class tanker
The Eddy-class coastal tankers were a series of eight replenishment oilers used by the Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA), the naval auxiliary fleet of the United Kingdom. They were built from 1951 to 1953 tasked with transporting and providing fuel and other liquids to Royal Navy vessels and stations around the world.
Miličinica
Miličinica is a village in the municipality of Valjevo, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 913 people.

Miličinica - Panorama

Miličinica - Panorama

Miličinica - Panorama

Miličinica - Panorama

Miličinica - Panorama

Miličinica - Panorama

Miličinica - Panorama

Miličinica - Panorama

Valjevo
Valjevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Ваљево, pronounced [ʋâːʎeʋo]) is a city and the administrative center of the Kolubara District in western Serbia. According to the 2022 census, the city itself has a population of 56,145 while the city administrative area has 82,169 inhabitants. The city is situated along the river Kolubara.