hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Behind closed doors (sport)
The term "behind closed doors" is used in several sports to describe matches played where spectators are not allowed in the stadium or venue to watch. A match played in this manner is also referred to as a crowdless game. Because ticket sales generally constitute a substantial proportion of total revenues in most professional sports as well as in certain elite competitions of many amateur sports, it is rare for such games to be off limits to paying members of the general public. When such instances do occur, it is usually for reasons outside the participating teams' control. These may include as a punishment or remedy for a participating team, stadium safety problems, preventing potentially dangerous clashes between rival supporters, wider safety concerns like a riot or other civil disturbances, or public health concerns like the COVID-19 pandemic.

Atlas F.C.
Atlas Fútbol Club, simplified as Atlas FC, is a Mexican professional football club based in Guadalajara, Jalisco. It competes in Liga MX, the top division of Mexican football, and plays its home matches at the Estadio Jalisco. Founded in 1916, Atlas was one of ten founding members in 1943 of the first professional and national league in Mexico, named Liga Mayor (current Liga MX). Nicknamed Rojinegros due to their traditional colors (red and black) on the club's crest and uniform.

Domestically, Atlas FC has won 3 Liga MX titles, 4 Copa MX titles and 5 Campeón de Campeones.

Los Rojinegros had their golden era in the 1950s and 60s. They became one of the few "bicampeones" (back-to-back champions) of Mexican football in 2021 and 2022. Atlas has a big rivalry with city rivals Guadalajara called El Clásico Tapatío.
Windsor State Forest
Windsor State Forest is a state forest in the town of Windsor in northwest Massachusetts.  Managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, the forest is noted for the Windsor Jambs waterfall, which cascades through a 25-foot-wide (7.6 m) gorge between 80-foot-high (24 m) granite walls. Trails are available for hiking, mountain biking, horseback riding, and cross-country skiing.

Department of Conservation and Recreation
The Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR) is a state agency of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, United States, situated in the Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs. It is best known for its parks and parkways. The DCR's mission is "To protect, promote and enhance our common wealth of natural, cultural and recreational resources for the well-being of all."  The agency is the largest landowner in Massachusetts.
Yangtze giant softshell turtle
The Yangtze giant softshell turtle (Rafetus swinhoei), also commonly known as the Red River giant softshell turtle, the Shanghai softshell turtle, the speckled softshell turtle, and Swinhoe's softshell turtle, is a critically endangered species of turtle in the family Trionychidae. It is regarded as one of the largest living freshwater turtle species. Native to eastern and southern China and northern Vietnam, the species has a known population of only two individuals, and the absence of fertile females has rendered it functionally extinct.

Pelochelys
Pelochelys is a genus of very large softshell turtles in the family Trionychidae. They are found from peninsular India northeast to southern China, and south to Southeast Asia and New Guinea. These turtles are also known as giant softshell turtles.

The species in this genus, while still being freshwater turtles as with all Trionychidae, are unique for having significant salt tolerance and regularly entering near-coastal marine habitats.
Illés Spitz
Illés Spitz (Serbo-Croatian: Ileš Špic / Илеш Шпиц); 2 February 1902 – 1 October 1961) was a Hungarian Jewish international football player and manager, best known for his work in Yugoslav football in the 1940s and 1950s. Spitz is among the few survivors of the Holocaust from Macedonia, after being saved by the Bulgarian authorities.

Yugoslav First League
The Yugoslav First League (Bosnian: Prva savezna liga u fudbalu, Serbian: Прва савезна лига у фудбалу, Prva savezna liga u fudbalu, Croatian: Prva savezna nogometna liga, Slovene: Prva zvezna nogometna liga, Macedonian: Прва сојузна фудбалска лига, romanized: Prva sojuzna fudbalska liga, Albanian: Liga e parë federale e futbollit, Hungarian: Első szövetségi labdarúgó-bajnokság) was the premier football league in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941) and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992).

The First League Championship was one of two national competitions held annually in Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav Cup being the other.

The league became fully professional in 1967.
Alfraganus (crater)
Alfraganus is a small lunar impact crater that lies in the rugged highland region to the southwest of the Mare Tranquillitatis. It is named after the Muslim astronomer Alfraganus. Northwest of Alfraganus is the crater Delambre, and to the south is the irregular Zöllner. The rim of Alfraganus is circular and retains a sharp edge that has not received a significant amount of wear due to subsequent impacts. The interior floor is roughly half the diameter of the crater rim.

Delambre (crater)
Delambre is a lunar impact crater that lies to the southwest of Mare Tranquillitatis, in the central highland region. To the west is the crater pair of Theon Junior and Theon Senior, the latter being more distant and located to the northwest.

It is 52 kilometers in diameter and 3.5 kilometers in depth. It was named for Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre, an 18th-century French astronomer.

The rim of Delambre has a terraced interior, with a tiny craterlet lying along the northern rim. In the south is a low cut forming a slight notch. The crater interior has an irregular surface. It has high walls, with some peaks reaching 15,000 feet. Delambre was photographed by the uncrewed probe Ranger 8 on its descent towards Mare Tranquillitatis.  Delambre is from the Upper Imbrian epoch, which lasted from 3.8 to 3.2 billion years ago.
Television in Greenland
Television was introduced to Greenland in the late 1960s, first in the form of cable television companies (the current Nanoq Media), while terrestrial broadcast did not start until 1982, when KNR TV started. Only the KNR and DR channels are free-to-air and are delivered as part of an encrypted digital terrestrial platform.

DR1
DR1 (DR Et) is the flagship television channel of the Danish Broadcasting Corporation (DR). It became Denmark's first television station when it began broadcasting in 1951 – at first only for an hour a day, three times a week.

Besides its productions, the channel also broadcasts co-productions with other Nordic countries through Nordvision and numerous programmes from English-speaking countries like the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia, all in the original language with Danish subtitles. Its news programme is called TV Avisen.
1970–71 Football League Cup
The 1970–71 Football League Cup was the 11th season of the Football League Cup, a knock-out competition for England's top 92 football clubs. The tournament started on 17 August 1970 and ended with the in the final at Wembley Stadium, London. Tottenham Hotspur won the tournament for the first time after defeating Aston Villa.

This was to be the last season in which it was not compulsory to enter the tournament. The only team who did not enter in 1970–71 was Everton, the league's defending champions. After 1971–72 entry to the tournament became compulsory.

1971 Football League Cup final
The 1971 Football League Cup final took place on 27 February 1971 at Wembley Stadium. It was the eleventh Football League Cup final and the fifth to be played at Wembley.

It was contested between Tottenham Hotspur and Aston Villa. Tottenham Hotspur were riding high in the First Division (as the top level of league football in England was then known) and Aston Villa, the most successful club of the late Victorian and Edwardian eras and a traditional heavyweight, were in the Third Division (then the third tier of English football), a level to which it had never previously sunk.

This match signalled the reversal of a long period of decline for Villa. Ten years later they were champions of England and the following year they had become the champions of Europe.
Mastaba of Kanefer
The mastaba of Kanefer (G 2150) is located in Giza western Cemetery at the third row behind the core mastaba G 2100.The owner was identified as Prince Kanefer ["KҘ(j)-nfr"]  Part of the project to build the Great Pyramid on the Giza Plateau, in the Fourth dynasty under the reign of Pharaoh Khufu, included also the construction of a group mastabas arranged in rows on the western and eastern slopes of the pyramid. The king’s project idea was the western cemetery reserved for members of the high ranks families and admistrators of the court  and the eastern cemetery for the king's own family.

Giza Plateau
The Giza Plateau (Arabic: هضبة الجيزة) is a limestone plateau in Giza, Egypt, the site of the Fourth Dynasty Giza pyramid complex, which includes the pyramids of Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure, the Great Sphinx, several cemeteries, a workers' village and an industrial complex. It forms the northernmost part of the 160 km2 (62 sq mi) Pyramid Fields in the Western Desert edge of the Nile Valley that are part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site, Memphis and its Necropolis.

The plateau is elevated approximately 60 metres (200 ft) above sea level.
Ek Nath Dhakal
Ek Nath Dhakal (Nepali: एकनाथ ढकाल) (born 13 August 1974) is a Nepalese politician from Nepal Family Party (Nepal Pariwar Dal) and elected parliament member from Gorkha District of Nepal, and founder of the Nepal Pariwar Dal, and served as Minister for the Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction of the Government of Nepal. Dhakal's candidacy was supported by CPN - UML.  He serves as the Asia Pacific Regional Chair of the "International Association of Parliamentarians for Peace (IAPP). Dhakal serves at the Nepal-US Parliamentary Friendship Group.
In April 2025, Dhakal was named as the Inaugural Secretary General of the Inter-Parliamentary Speakers’ Conference (ISC), an inter-parliamentary, intergovernmental, multilateral organization that promotes parliamentary diplomacy.
In June 2025, Dhakal met Pope Leo XIV during IPU’s Parliamentary Conference on Interfaith Dialogue in Italy.

Gorkha District
Gorkha District (Nepali: गोरखा pronounced [ɡoɾkʰaː] ⓘ), a part of Gandaki Province, is one of seventy-seven districts of Nepal, and the fourth largest district of the country in terms of area. It is historically linked with the creation of modern Nepal and the name of the legendary Gorkha soldiers. The district, with Gorkha Municipality (previously known as Prithvi Narayan Municipality) as its district headquarters, covers an area of 3,610 km2 (1,390 sq mi) and has a population of 252,201, according to the 2021 Nepal census. Gorkha district is the site of the Manakamana Temple, as well as Gorakhnath and Gorakh Kali temples. Several major rivers—including the Chepe, Daraudi, Marsyangdi, Budi Gandaki, and Trishuli—run through the district.
Oey Bian Kong
Oey Bian Kong, Kapitein der Chinezen (Chinese: 黃綿光; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ûiⁿ Biân Kong) was a prominent Chinese-Indonesian bureaucrat who served from 1791 until 1800 as the 20th Kapitein der Chinezen of Batavia (now Jakarta, capital of Indonesia), and the last under the Dutch East India Company, which was dissolved in 1799. This post was the most senior in the Chinese civil bureaucracy that governed the local Chinese community as part of the Dutch colonial system of 'indirect rule'.

Kapitan Cina
Kapitan Cina (lit. 'Captain of the Chinese'; Chinese: 華人甲必丹; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hôa-jîn Kap-pit-tan; pinyin: Huárén Jiǎbìdān; Dutch: Kapitein der Chinezen; Spanish: Capitán Chino), was a high-ranking government position in the civil administration of colonial Indonesia, Malaya, Singapore, Borneo and the Philippines. Office holders exercised varying degrees of power and influence: from near-sovereign political and legal jurisdiction over local Chinese communities, to ceremonial precedence for community leaders. Corresponding posts existed for other ethnic groups, such as Kapitan Arab and Kapitan Keling for the local Arab and Indian communities respectively.
Corylus jacquemontii
Corylus jacquemontii (Jacquemont's hazelnut or Indian tree hazel) is a species of hazel, found in Asia, within the Himalayas and  from Afghanistan through to W. Nepal. It is a small tree or shrub, with grey bark, ovate or obovate (teardrop-shaped) leaves, small flowers and small edible nuts, grouped in small clusters.

It has been used in many ways, not only as fuel source, fodder (for livestock) and timber but the trees also yield edible nuts for human consumption or for folk medicine uses.

Catechin
Catechin /ˈkætɪkɪn/ is a flavan-3-ol, a type of secondary metabolite providing antioxidant roles in plants. It belongs to the subgroup of polyphenols called flavonoids.

The name of the catechin chemical family derives from catechu, which is the tannic juice or boiled extract of Mimosa catechu (Acacia catechu L.f.).
Huangheshan station
Huangheshan (Chinese: 黄鹤山) is a metro station of Line 3 of the Hangzhou Metro in China. It is located in Tianducheng (Sky City) community in Xingqiao Subdistrict, Linping District, Hangzhou. The station was opened on 22 February 2022.

Line 3 (Hangzhou Metro)
Line 3 of the Hangzhou Metro (simplified Chinese: 杭州地铁三号线; traditional Chinese: 杭州地鐵三號線; pinyin: Hángzhōu Dìtiě Sānhào Xiàn) is a metro line in Hangzhou. The line is 57.5 km long. It will run in a southwest-northeast direction between Wushanqiancun station in Yuhang District and Xingqiao station in Linping District in the east, passing through downtown Hangzhou and providing transfers with multiple other lines in the system. The line uses 6-car Class AH rolling stock, which is designed for exclusive use in Hangzhou Metro. The line is colored yellow on maps.
Miss Earth 2016
Miss Earth 2016, the 16th edition of the Miss Earth pageant, with the theme "Empowered to make a Change", was held on October 29, 2016, at the SM Mall of Asia Arena, Pasay, Metro Manila, Philippines. 83 contestants from all over the world competed for the title. Angelia Ong of the Philippines crowned her successor Katherine Espín of Ecuador at the end of the event becoming the second Ecuadorian woman to win the title of Miss Earth and the first since Olga Álava in 2011.

This year's edition also features the newly polished and modified crown created by Florida-based jeweler, Ramona Haar. The crown's original design from the 2009 edition of the pageant to enhance the crown's general appearance and to have an intimate fit to the head of the winner. The confirmation was announced by Miss Earth Organization through their official Facebook account on 30 June 2016.

Carousel Productions
Carousel Productions, Inc. is the organization that currently owns and runs the Miss Earth and Miss Philippines Earth beauty contest. The annual events are produced in partnership with ABS-CBN Corporation. The organization is based in the Philippines.
Fulshear, Texas
Fulshear (/ˈfʊlʃər/ FUUL-shər) is a city in northwestern Fort Bend County, Texas, United States, and is located on the western edge of the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan area. The population was 16,856 as of the 2020 census, and according to 2023 census estimates, the city is estimated to have a population of 43,317.

Old Three Hundred
The "Old Three Hundred" were 297 grantees who purchased 307 parcels of land from Stephen Fuller Austin in Mexican Texas. Each grantee was head of a household, or in some cases, a partnership of unmarried men. Austin was an American approved in 1822 by Mexico as an empresario for this effort, after the nation had gained independence from Spain. By 1825,  the colony had a population of 1,790, including 443 enslaved African Americans. Because the Americans believed they needed enslaved workers, Austin negotiated with the Mexican government to gain approval, as the new nation was opposed to slavery. Mexico abolished it in 1829.

The colony encompassed an area that ran from the Gulf of Mexico on the south, to near present-day Jones Creek in Brazoria County, Brenham in Washington County, Navasota in Grimes County, and La Grange in Fayette County. It was the first authorized colony of Anglo-American settlers and enslaved African Americans in Mexico.
Foreign support of Uganda in the Uganda–Tanzania War
Foreign support played an important role for Uganda during the Uganda–Tanzania War of 1978–1979. Before this conflict, the Second Republic of Uganda under President Idi Amin had generally strained international relations. Accordingly, only a few states as well as non-state allies provided Uganda with substantial military support during the war, most importantly Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and the Palestine Liberation Organization. The intervention of these two parties was regarded as crucial for Amin's ability to stay in power during the later stages of the war, even though they did not prevent Uganda's eventual defeat. However, there were many claims about other states and groups in Africa, the Arab world, Europe, and Asia covertly supplying Amin with materiel, soldiers, and money, although most of these remain unverifiable.

Kenneth M. Pollack
Kenneth Michael Pollack (born 1966) is an American former CIA intelligence analyst and commentator on Middle East politics and military affairs. He has served on the National Security Council staff and has written several articles and books on international relations. Currently, he is the Vice President for Policy at the Middle East Institute. He was previously a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, where he worked on Middle Eastern political-military affairs, focusing in particular on Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and the Gulf countries.  Before that he was Senior Fellow at the Saban Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution and a senior advisor at Albright Stonebridge Group, a global business strategy firm.
Outline of Mizoram
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Mizoram:

Mizoram – one of the states of Northeast India, with Aizawl as its capital city. The name is derived from Mi (people), Zo (Belonging to the people of Mizoram/Lushai Hills) and Ram (land), and thus Mizoram implies "land of the hill people". In the northeast, it is the southernmost landlocked state sharing borders with three of the Seven Sister States, namely Tripura, Assam, Manipur.

Siaha district
Siaha district is one of the eleven districts of Mizoram state in India. The district is bounded on the northwest by Lunglei district, on the north and west by Lawngtlai District and on the south and east by Myanmar. The district occupies an area of 1399.9 km2. Siaha town is the administrative headquarters of the Mara Autonomous District Council. The population had Increased from 56,574 (in 2011 census) to 67,658 (in 2021) . It is the least populous district of Mizoram (out of 8).
Thomas Wilson (archdeacon of Worcester)
Thomas Bowstead Wilson (15 August 1882 – 11 October 1961)  was Archdeacon of Worcester from 1944 until his death.

Wilson was educated at Charterhouse and Pembroke College, Cambridge and ordained deacon in 1906 and priest in 1907. After a curacy at Wakefield Cathedral he was Missioner of the Pembroke College, Cambridge Mission at Walworth. He held incumbencies in Suckley, Wolverley and Hartlebury before his archdeacon’s appointment.

Pembroke College, Cambridge
Pembroke College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. The college is the third-oldest college of the university and has over 700 students and fellows. It is one of the university's larger colleges, with buildings from almost every century since its founding, as well as extensive gardens. Its members are termed "Valencians". The college's Master is the art historian Rosalind Polly Blakesley.

Pembroke has a level of academic performance among the highest of all the Cambridge colleges; in 2013, 2014, 2016, and 2018 Pembroke was placed second in the Tompkins Table. Pembroke contains the first chapel designed by Sir Christopher Wren and is one of only six Cambridge colleges to have educated a British prime minister, in Pembroke's case William Pitt the Younger. The college library, with a Victorian neo-gothic clock tower, has an original copy of the first encyclopaedia to contain printed diagrams.
America's Healthy Future Act
The America's Healthy Future Act (S. 1796) was a bill proposed by Democratic Senator Max Baucus of Montana, who chaired the Senate Finance Committee, on September 16, 2009. It is also colloquially known as the Baucus Health Bill, the Baucus Health Plan, or BaucusCare. Baucus initially publicly released a 223-page summary of the proposal. It started going through the Senate mark-up process on September 22. That amendment process finished Oct. 2, and was passed by the Finance Committee on October 13 by a 14 to 9 vote,. An October CBO report stated that enacting the proposal would, on net, end up reducing the federal deficit by $81 billion over the 2010–2019 period.

American Enterprise Institute
The American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, known simply as the American Enterprise Institute (AEI), is a center-right think tank based in Washington, D.C., that researches government, politics, economics, and social welfare. AEI is an independent nonprofit organization supported primarily by contributions from foundations, corporations, and individuals.

Founded in 1938, the organization is aligned with conservatism. AEI advocates in favor of private enterprise, limited government, and democratic capitalism. It is governed by a 29-member Board of Trustees. Approximately 185 authors are associated with AEI. Arthur C. Brooks served as president of AEI from January 2009 through July 1, 2019. He was succeeded by Robert Doar.
Scorpion-class ironclad
The two Scorpion-class ironclads, HMS Scorpion and HMS Wivern, were ironclad warships ordered by the Confederate States Navy in 1862 and seized in 1863 by the British to prevent their delivery. This would have violated the Foreign Enlistment Act, which forbade British subjects to build or arm any ships for governments at war with governments friendly to Great Britain. The Scorpion class were masted turret ships, each with two gun turrets that were designed to mount a pair of heavy muzzle-loading guns. They were purchased for service in the Royal Navy in 1864 and served briefly with the Channel Fleet before they became guard ships at Bermuda and Hong Kong. Scorpion was sold in 1903 and sank under tow to be scrapped, while Wivern was sold for scrap in 1922.

HMS Wivern (1863)
The first HMS Wivern was an ironclad turret ship built at Birkenhead, England. She was one of two sister ships secretly ordered from the John Laird Sons & Company shipyard in 1862 by the Confederate States of America.

Her true ownership was concealed by the fiction that she was being built as the Egyptian warship El Monassir. She was to have been named CSS Mississippi upon delivery to the Confederacy. Her sister was built under the false name El Tousson and was to have been renamed CSS North Carolina. In October 1863, a few months after their launch and before they could be completed, the UK Government seized the two ironclads.

In 1864, the Admiralty bought them and commissioned them into the Royal Navy: El Monassir as HMS Wivern and El Tousson as HMS Scorpion. Wivern had a long Royal Navy career, until she was scrapped in Hong Kong in 1922.