hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Protection of Persons and Property (Ireland) Act 1881
The Protection of Persons and Property (Ireland) Act 1881 (44 & 45 Vict. c. 4), also called the Coercion Act 1881 or the Crimes Act 1881, was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which allowed for internment without trial of those suspected of involvement in the Land War in Ireland. The provisions could be introduced by proclamation of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in any area of the island. Lists of internees had to be laid before Parliament.

Irish National Land League
The Irish National Land League (Irish: Conradh na Talún), also known as the Land League, was an Irish political organisation of the late 19th century which organised tenant farmers in their resistance to exactions of landowners. Its primary aim was to abolish landlordism in Ireland and enable tenant farmers to own the land they worked on. The period of the Land League's agitation is known as the Land War.  Historian R. F. Foster argues that in the countryside the Land League "reinforced the politicization of rural Catholic nationalist Ireland, partly by defining that identity against urbanization, landlordism, Englishness and—implicitly—Protestantism."  Foster adds that about a third of the activists were Catholic priests, and Archbishop Thomas Croke was one of its most influential champions.
Lake Rogerene
Lake Rogerene (or Rogerine) is a privately managed 9–acre lake in Mount Arlington, New Jersey, within the boundary of Roxbury Township and encircled by the loop road Rogerene Way. The lake is managed by the Lake Rogerene Civic Association. In October 2020, three hiking paths were opened around the lake, called the Lake Rogerene Trails, with a total trail distance of 0.92 miles (1.48 km).

Mount Arlington, New Jersey
Mount Arlington is a borough in western Morris County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 5,909, an increase of 859 (+17.0%) from the 2010 census count of 5,050, which in turn reflected an increase of 387 (+8.3%) from the 4,663 counted in the 2000 census.

The borough is located on the southeast shore of Lake Hopatcong, New Jersey's largest lake and a major recreational resource. Mount Arlington is home to the Lake Hopatcong Yacht Club.
White Pass
White Pass, also known as the Dead Horse Trail (elevation 873 m or 2,864 ft), is a mountain pass through the Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains on the border of the U.S. state of Alaska and the province of British Columbia, Canada. It leads from Skagway, Alaska, to the chain of lakes at the headwaters of the Yukon River (Crater Lake, Lake Lindeman, and Bennett Lake).

Lindeman Lake (Chilkoot Trail)
Lindeman Lake, also known as Lake Lindeman, is a lake on the Chilkoot Trail in far northwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is just south of Bennett Lake and northeast of the summit of the Chilkoot Pass. From the direction of the pass it is fed by Lindeman Creek (formerly known as One Mile River), which connects the two lakes.  Lake Lindeman and Lake Bennett were key components of the Chilkoot Trail during the Klondike Gold Rush, with both seeing hundreds of vessels built to transit their waters and camp-town "tent cities" established on their shores. Lindeman was located at the south end of Lindeman Lake, while Bennett, often known as Bennett City, was at the south end of Lake Bennett.
Assembly Rooms Cinema Hall
The Assembly Rooms Cinema Hall (also known as Assembly Rooms Theatre and Assembly Rooms Talkies) is a cinema hall in Ooty, Tamil Nadu. It is located by the Garden Road (the road joining Charring cross to the Government Botanical Gardens, Ooty). The theatre is one of the oldest in the region, being established over a century ago.

Government Botanical Garden
The Government Botanical Garden is a botanical garden in Udhagamandalam, near Coimbatore (Ooty), Tamil Nadu state, India laid out in 1848. The gardens, divided into several sections, cover an area of around 22 hectares (54 acres), and lie on the lower slopes of Doddabetta peak. The garden has a terraced layout. It is maintained by the Tamil Nadu Horticulture Department.

It ascends the slopes of the hill at an elevation of 2250–2500 metres above mean sea level. The garden enjoys a temperate climate, with an average rainfall of 140 cm, the most of which is received during south-west monsoon, with frosty nights from November to February. The maximum and minimum temperatures are 28 °C and 0 °C respectively.
Şehzade Osman Fuad
Şehzade Osman Fuad Efendi (Ottoman Turkish: , عثمان فواد also Osman Füad Osmanoğlu, 25 February 1895 – 22 May 1973) was an Ottoman prince, the son of Şehzade Mehmed Selaheddin, and the grandson of Sultan Murad V, who reigned briefly in 1876. He was the 39th head of the Imperial House of Osman from 1954 to 1973.

Abdülmecid II
Abdülmecid II or Abdul Mejid II (Ottoman Turkish: عبد المجید ثانی, romanized: ʿAbdü'l-Mecîd-i sânî; Turkish: II. Abdülmecid; 29 May 1868 – 23 August 1944), commonly known as Abdülmecid Efendi, was the last Ottoman caliph, the only caliph of the Republic of Turkey, and head of the Osmanoğlu family from 1926 to 1944. Unlike previous caliphs, he used the title Halîfe-i Müslimîn ("Caliph of the Muslims"), instead of Emîrü'l-Mü'minîn ("Commander of the Faithful").

He was also a relatively famous artist and a Turkish aesthete, interested in art, mainly literature, painting, and music, and ways to promote it in Turkey. After the abolition of the Ottoman caliphate, he was succeeded for several months by Hussein bin Ali, the Sharif and Emir of Mecca and King of the Hejaz, who was mostly recognized in the Arab world.

He died in Paris in 1944 and was buried as a caliph in Medina.
Vitus (magister militum)
Vitus was a Western Roman general appointed to the position of magister utriusque militiae and sent to recover Spain from Rechila's Suebi in 446. He led a combined Romano-Visigothic army into Carthaginiensis and Baetica, but his force was routed when it met the Suebi in battle.

Magister militum
Magister militum (Latin for "master of soldiers"; pl.: magistri militum) was a top-level military command used in the late Roman Empire, dating from the reign of Constantine the Great. The term referred to the senior military officer (equivalent to a war theatre commander, the emperor remaining the supreme commander) of the empire. The office continued to exist and evolve during the early Byzantine Empire. In Greek sources, the term is translated either as strategos or as stratelates (although these terms were also used non-technically to refer to commanders of different ranks).
1977 Dan-Air Boeing 707 crash
The 1977 Dan-Air/IAS Cargo Boeing 707 crash was a fatal accident involving a Boeing 707-321C cargo aircraft operated by Dan Air Services Limited on behalf of International Aviation Services Limited (trading as IAS Cargo Airlines at the time of the accident), which had been sub-contracted by Zambia Airways Corporation to operate a weekly scheduled all-cargo service between London Heathrow and the Zambian capital Lusaka via Athens and Nairobi. The aircraft crashed during approach to Lusaka Airport, Zambia, on 14 May 1977. All six crew members of the aircraft were killed.

Air Accidents Investigation Branch
The Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) investigates civil aircraft accidents and serious incidents within the United Kingdom, its overseas territories and crown dependencies. It is also the Space Accident Investigation Authority (SAIA) for the United Kingdom. The AAIB is a branch of the Department for Transport and is based in the grounds of Farnborough Airport, Hampshire.
Priority (fencing)
Priority or right of way is the decision criterion used in foil and sabre fencing to determine which fencer receives the touch, or point, when both fencers land a hit within the same short time-frame (less than 1 second). After this window, if one fencer had already landed a hit, the electrical scoring apparatus would "lock-out," or designed not to show, an opponent's subsequent hit, and thus the one fencer to land a hit is awarded the touch. In épée fencing, if both fencers land valid hits at the same time, they each receive a point. Because of this, foil and sabre are considered conventional weapons. After a halt, a referee parses what happened into actions, from which it can be determined whether to award a point or not.

Foil (fencing)
A foil is one of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. It is a flexible weapon of total length 110 cm (43 in) or under, rectangular in cross section, weighing under 500 g (18 oz), with a blunt tip. As with the épée, points are only scored by making contact with the tip. The foil is the most commonly used weapon in fencing.
Peter Sís
Peter Sís (born Petr Sís; May 11, 1949) is a Czech-born American illustrator and writer of children's books. As a cartoonist his editorial illustrations have appeared in Time, Newsweek, Esquire, and The Atlantic Monthly. In 2012 he received the Hans Christian Andersen Medal for his "lasting contribution" as an illustrator of children's literature.

Golden Bear
The Golden Bear (German: Goldener Bär) is the highest prize awarded for the best film at the Berlin International Film Festival and is, along with the Palme d'Or and the Golden Lion, widely considered among the most prestigious film festival awards. The bear is the heraldic animal of Berlin, featured on both the coat of arms and flag of Berlin.
Geography of the Soviet Union
The Soviet Union incorporated an area of over 22,402,200 square kilometres (8,649,500 sq mi), covering approximately one-sixth of Earth's land surface. It spanned most of Eurasia. Its largest and most populous republic was the Russian SFSR which covered roughly three-quarters of the surface area of the union, including the complete territory of contemporary Russia.

The Soviet Union was the world's largest country throughout its entire existence (1922–1991). It had a geographic center further north than all independent countries other than Canada, Iceland, Finland, and the countries of Scandinavia. About three-quarters of the country was above the 50th parallel north.

Serhetabat
Serhetabat (Turkmen pronunciation: [seɾˌhetɑˈbɑːt]), formerly known as Guşgy or Kushka (Russian: Кушка), is a city in Tagtabazar District, Mary Province,Turkmenistan. Serhetabat lies in the valley of the Guşgy River, bordering Afghanistan. The city mirrors Torghundi, Afghanistan, with which it is connected by a road and a 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in) gauge railway. In 2022, it had a population of 16,038 people.
Lillesands-Posten
Lillesands-Posten is a local Norwegian newspaper that is published in Lillesand and Birkenes municipalities in Agder. It has been published since the 1870. The newspaper is owned by Agderposten Medier and is the sister paper of Agderposten. It comes out twice a week, Tuesday and Friday.

The newspapers language is Bokmål, and it is published in Tabloid (newspaper format).

Lillesand
Lillesand (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈlɪ̂lːəsɑn] ⓘ) is municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is part of the traditional district of Sørlandet. The administrative center of the municipality is the town of Lillesand. Some of the larger villages in Lillesand municipality include Åkerøyhamn, Brekkestø, Gamle Hellesund, Helldal, Høvåg, Ribe, Skottevik, Trøe, Ulvøysund, and Vesterhus.

The 190-square-kilometre (73 sq mi) municipality is the 306th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Lillesand is the 100th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 11,419. The municipality's population density is 63.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (164/sq mi) and its population has increased by 13.8% over the previous 10-year period.
1913 World Allround Speed Skating Championships
The 1913 World Allround Speed Skating Championships took place at 1 and 2 March 1913 at the ice rink Pohjoissatama in Helsinki, Finland.

Oscar Mathisen was defending champion and succeeded in prolonging his title.
Oscar Mathisen became World champion for the fourth time. He is the first ice-skater winning the World championship four times.

Oscar Mathisen
Oscar Wilhelm Mathisen (4 October 1888 – 10 April 1954) was a Norwegian speed skater and celebrity, almost rivalling Roald Amundsen and Fridtjof Nansen as symbols for a young nation (Norway became independent in 1905). He represented Kristiania Skøiteklub (now Oslo Skøiteklub).
Under Armour All-America Game
The Under Armour High School All-America Game is a high school football all-star game typically held in early January in the U.S. state of Florida created to spotlight the nation’s top high school seniors. The game was first played on January 5, 2008, and has been played annually at Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg, Florida or at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida. The game is sponsored by Under Armour and enjoys a national audience thanks to broadcast partner ESPN (the first edition was broadcast on ABC opposite the U.S. Army All-American Bowl, and the 17th edition was broadcast on ESPN2 opposite the 2025 Sugar Bowl). The game is co-owned by Chicago-based sports marketing agency Intersport and ESPN.

All-American Bowl (high school football)
The All-American Bowl (branded as the Navy All-American Bowl for sponsorship reasons) is a high school football all-star game, held annually at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas. Typically played in January, the All-American Bowl is played between all-star teams representing the eastern and western United States.

Seventeen All-Americans have been Heisman Trophy finalists, with over 450 later playing in the National Football League. Notable alumni include Andrew Luck, Adrian Peterson, Odell Beckham Jr., Eric Berry, Tim Tebow, Joe Thomas, Tyron Smith, Robert Quinn, C. J. Mosley, DeMarco Murray, and Chase Young.

The All-American Bowl was previously organized by All-American Games; in 2019, NBC Sports announced it had acquired the game and its assets.
Sarah Dixon
Sarah Dixon (baptised 28 September 1671 – 23 April 1765) was an English poet, probably born in Rochester, Kent, where she was baptised. She took to writing "during a Youth of much Leisure", although her earliest surviving dated poem is from 1716. The 500 subscribers to her anonymous Poems on Several Occasions included Elizabeth Carter and Alexander Pope, and the society hostess Maria Coventry, Countess of Coventry.

Alexander Pope
Alexander Pope (21 May 1688 O.S. – 30 May 1744) was an English poet, translator, and satirist of the Enlightenment era who is considered one of the most prominent English poets of the early 18th century. An exponent of Augustan literature,  Pope is best known for his satirical and discursive poetry including An Essay on Criticism (1711), The Rape of the Lock (1712–1717), The Dunciad (1728–1743), and for his translations of Homer.

Pope is often quoted in The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations, some of his verses having entered common parlance (e.g. "damning with faint praise" or "to err is human; to forgive, divine").
Lasiosomus
Lasiosomus is a genus of true bugs belonging to the family Rhyparochromidae.

The species of this genus are found in Europe.

Species:

Lasiosomus cameroonensis O'Rourke, 1975

Lasiosomus enervis (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835)

Rhyparochromidae
The Rhyparochromidae are a large family of true bugs (order Hemiptera). Many species under Rhyparochromidae are commonly referred to as seed bugs, as are other species within the wider Pentatomomorpha. The family includes two subfamilies, more than 420 genera, and over 2,100 described species.

Rhyparochromidae are small and generally brown or mottled. The fore femora are often enlarged.

The name Rhyparochromidae comes from the Greek words rhyparos, meaning "dirt", and chromus, meaning "color".

The Rhyparochromidae were previously classified as a subfamily of Lygaeidae.
Empire State League (1905–1907)
The Empire State League was a minor league baseball league that played from 1905 to 1907. The 14 different league franchises were based exclusively in New York (state). The league name was succeeded by the 1913 Empire State League based in Georgia and Empire State League (1987) based in New York (state).

Empire State League
The Empire State League was a Minor league baseball circuit which operated in the 1913 season. It was a Class-D, six-team league, with teams based exclusively in Georgia, U.S. In 1914, the league evolved to become the Georgia State League.
Songs to Grow on for Mother and Child
Songs to Grow on for Mother and Child is a collection of children's music by folk singer Woody Guthrie. Recorded in 1947 and first released in 1956 by Folkways Records, a remastered recording was issued by Smithsonian Folkways in 1991.

Several songs in the collection are instructional, helping children learn to count. Others are songs of adoration written by Guthrie with his own children in mind. For example, "Goodnight Little Arlo" was written for his son Arlo Guthrie, who was born in 1947, the same year the album was recorded.  Guthrie said "I really did try to slant these songs at all of your citizens from 4 to 6, but I spilled over a little on every side."

Folkways Records
Folkways Records was a record label founded by Moses Asch that documented folk, world, and children's music. It was acquired by the Smithsonian Institution in 1987 and is now part of Smithsonian Folkways.
Jungiella
Jungiella is a genus of fly belonging to the family Psychodidae.

The genus was first described by Vaillant in 1972.

The species of this genus are found in Europe.

Species include:

Jungiella consors

Jungiella pseudolongicornis

Psychodidae
Psychodidae, also called drain flies, sink flies, filter flies, sewer flies, or sewer gnats, is a family of true flies. Some genera have short, hairy bodies and wings, giving them a "furry" moth-like appearance, hence one of their common names, moth flies. Members of the sub-family Phlebotominae, which are hematophagous (feed on blood), may be called sand flies in some countries, although this term is also used for other unrelated flies, such as horse flies (Tabanidae) and no-see-ums (Ceratopogonidae).

There are more than 2,600 described species worldwide, most of them native to the humid tropics. This makes them one of the most diverse families of their order. Drain flies sometimes inhabit plumbing drains and sewage systems, where they are harmless, but may be a persistent annoyance.
Anombrocheir bifurcata
Anombrocheir bifurcata is a species of Xystodesmid millipede endemic to the inland coastal range of California. The species was described by Michael R. Gardner and John S. Buckett in 1969 based on samples collected by M.R. and R.C. Gardner.

Xystodesmidae
Xystodesmidae is a family of millipedes in the suborder Leptodesmidea within the order Polydesmida (the "flat-backed" or "keeled" millipedes). The family Xystodesmidae was created by the American biologist Orator F. Cook in 1895 and named after the genus Xystodesmus. This family includes more than 390 known species distributed among 62 genera. Many species, however, remain undescribed: for example, it is estimated that the genus Nannaria contains over 200 species, but only 25 were described as of 2006. By 2022, 78 species in Nannaria have been described.
Dämeritzsee
The Dämeritzsee (German pronunciationⓘ) is a lake located in Brandenburg and Berlin, Germany. At an elevation of 32 metres (105 ft), its surface area is 93.5 hectares (231 acres). It is located partly in the municipality of Erkner (Oder-Spree district) and part in Rahnsdorf, a Berliner locality in Treptow-Köpenick district.

The lake forms part of the course of the River Spree, and is the location of that river's confluence with the short Flakenfließ that flows out of the Flakensee. The reach of the Spree downstream to the Müggelsee is also known as the Müggelspree.

The Muggelspree and the Flakenfließ are both navigable, and the lake is also linked to the nearby Seddinsee by the Gosen Canal. The lake sees considerable sightseeing and leisure traffic, and also forms a link in a commercial navigation route from the limestone workings at Rüdersdorf, which reaches the Flakensee by a lock at Woltersdorf, and connects to the River Dahme and the Oder-Spree Canal via the Seddinsee.

Treptow-Köpenick
Treptow-Köpenick (German pronunciation: [ˈtʁeːpto ˈkøːpənɪk] ⓘ) is the ninth borough of Berlin, Germany, formed in Berlin's 2001 administrative reform by merging the former boroughs of Treptow and Köpenick.

The borough was formerly part of East Berlin.
Voškoniai
Voškoniai is a village in the Kaunas district municipality, Lithuania. It is located 3 km (1.9 mi) north east of Domeikava. Eigirgala library, established in 1953, is in Voškoniai. According to the 2011 census, the village had 880 residents.

Domeikava
Domeikava is a town in the Kaunas district municipality, located 1 km (0.62 mi) north of Kaunas city municipality. The area surrounding Domeikava has some of Lithuania's most fertile and productive soil.

Domeikava's high school, Domeikavos Gimnazija, was established in the early 1920s. It is the primary high school in the area, serving students from all nearby towns. Another school, Kauno šv. Kazimiero progimnazija (primary and middle-school) is just outside Domeikava's town borders.

According to the 2011 census, the town had a population of 5,006 people. By 2017, Domeikava eldership reached a population of 8,820, the increase largely driven by construction of new houses and apartments which attract inhabitants from other areas.

One of the new house complexes in Domeikava

One of the new house complexes in Domeikava

A family house in Domeikava, designed by architect Natkevičius
Gas explosion
A gas explosion is the ignition of a mixture of air and flammable gas, typically from a gas leak. In household accidents, the principal explosive gases are those used for heating or cooking purposes such as natural gas, methane, propane, butane. In industrial explosions, many other gases, like hydrogen, as well as evaporated (gaseous) gasoline or ethanol play an important role. Industrial gas explosions can be prevented with the use of intrinsic safety barriers to prevent ignition, or use of alternative energy.

Intrinsic safety
Intrinsic safety (IS) is a protection technique for safe operation of electrical equipment in hazardous areas by limiting the energy, electrical and thermal, available for ignition.  In signal and control circuits that can operate with low currents and voltages, the intrinsic safety approach simplifies circuits and reduces installation cost over other protection methods.  Areas with dangerous concentrations of flammable gases or dust are found in applications such as petrochemical refineries and mines.  As a discipline, it is an application of inherent safety in instrumentation. High-power circuits such as electric motors or lighting cannot use intrinsic safety methods for protection.

Intrinsic safety devices, can be subdivided  in to:

Intrinsically safe apparatus

Associated apparatus
Venezuela Department (1820)
Venezuela Department was one of the three departments of Gran Colombia until 1824.

In the West it bordered Cundinamarca Department (1820).

In 1824 the subdivisions of Gran Colombia changed, and the territory was split into 4 departments:

Apure Department: 2 provinces - Barinas Province and Achaguas Province.

Orinoco Department: 4 provinces - Cumaná Province, Barcelona Province, Guayana Province, Margarita Province.

Venezuela Department: 2 provinces - Caracas Province, Carabobo Province.

Zulia Department:  4 provinces - Maracaibo Province, Coro Province, Mérida Province, Trujillo Province.

Apure Province
Apure Province (17 July 1823 - 1864) was a province of Gran Colombia, and later one of the provinces of Venezuela, after Venezuelan independence in 1830. It was created in 1823, being split from Barinas Province, with the Uribante River and Apure River marking the border. The following year, Gran Colombia was reorganised into four Departments, with the Apure Department consisting of Apure Province and Barinas Province. Its capital was Achaguas, for which the Province was sometimes called Achaguas Province.

It became the state of Apure with the creation of the States of Venezuela in 1864.

Capital: Achaguas. Cantons: Achaguas, Guadualito, Mantecal and San Fernando.