hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Martyrology
A martyrology is a catalogue or list of martyrs and other saints and beati arranged in the calendar order of their anniversaries or feasts. Local martyrologies record exclusively the custom of a particular Church. Local lists were enriched by names borrowed from neighbouring churches. Consolidation occurred, by the combination of several local martyrologies, with or without borrowings from literary sources.

This is the now accepted meaning in the Latin Church. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the nearest equivalent to the martyrology are the Synaxaria and the longer Menaia, both sometimes known as Menologia.

Simple martyrologies only enumerate names. Historical martyrologies, also sometimes called passionaries, also include stories or biographical details.

Pope Gregory XIII
Pope Gregory XIII (Latin: Gregorius XIII, Italian: Gregorio XIII, born Ugo Boncompagni; 7 January 1502 – 10 April 1585) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 May 1572 to his death in April 1585. He is best known for commissioning and being the namesake for the Gregorian calendar, which remains the internationally accepted civil calendar to this day.
Norwegian Minnesotans
A Norwegian Minnesotan (colloquially sometimes known as a Minnewegian) is a Norwegian American in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2024, 810,300 Minnesotans claim Norwegian ancestry—equivalent to 13.89% of Minnesota's population and 18.0% of the total Norwegian American population.

Kittson County, Minnesota
Kittson County is a county in the northwestern corner of the U.S. state of Minnesota along the Canada–US border, south of the Canadian province of Manitoba. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,207. Its county seat is Hallock.
Modes of convergence
In mathematics, there are many senses in which a sequence or a series is said to be convergent.  This article describes various modes (senses or species) of convergence in the settings where they are defined.  For a list of modes of convergence, see Modes of convergence (annotated index).

Each of the following objects is a special case of the types preceding it: sets, topological spaces, uniform spaces, topological abelian group, normed spaces, Euclidean spaces, and the real/complex numbers. Also, any metric space is a uniform space.

Net (mathematics)
In mathematics, more specifically in general topology and related branches, a net or Moore–Smith sequence is a function whose domain is a directed set. The codomain of this function is usually some topological space. Nets directly generalize the concept of a sequence in a metric space. Nets are primarily used in the fields of analysis and topology, where they are used to characterize many important topological properties that (in general) sequences are unable to characterize (this shortcoming of sequences motivated the study of sequential spaces and Fréchet–Urysohn spaces). Nets are in one-to-one correspondence with filters.
2008–09 Cypriot First Division
The 2008–09 Cypriot First Division was the seventy season of top-tier football on Cyprus. It started on 30 August 2008 and ended on 10 May 2009. The defending champions were Anorthosis.

APOEL won the championship three matchweeks before the end of the season.

This year, for the second time, the championship also featured a group stage play-off system. Teams were divided into 3 groups: 1st–4th, 5th–8th and 9th–12th. Points from the main part of the season still counted.

AEP Paphos FC
AEP Paphos (Greek: Αθλητική Ένωση Πάφος, Athlitiki Enosi Pafos; "Athletic Union Paphos") was a Cypriot football club based in Paphos. The club was formed in 2000 after the merger of the two clubs of Paphos, APOP and Evagoras. AEP Paphos was dissolved on 9 June 2014, in order to be merged with AEK Kouklia and create a new team, Pafos FC.
Ga-Mahoai
Ga-Mahoai is a large village in Ga-Matlala in the Polokwane Local Municipality of the Capricorn District Municipality of the Limpopo province of South Africa. It is located 49 km northwest of Polokwane.

Polokwane
Polokwane (UK: /ˌpɒləˈkwɑːni/, meaning "Sanctuary" in Northern Sotho), formerly named Pietersburg, is the capital city of the Limpopo Province in South Africa. It is the country's largest urban centre north of Gauteng. It was one of the nine host cities of the 2010 FIFA World Cup.
Challenge–response spam filtering
A challenge–response (or C/R) system is a type of spam filter that automatically sends a reply with a challenge to the (alleged) sender of an incoming e-mail. It was originally designed in 1997 by Stan Weatherby, and was called Email Verification. In this reply, the purported sender is asked to perform some action to assure delivery of the original message, which would otherwise not be delivered. The action to perform typically takes relatively little effort to do once, but great effort to perform in large numbers. This effectively filters out spammers. Challenge–response systems only need to send challenges to unknown senders. Senders that have previously performed the challenging action, or who have previously been sent e-mail(s) to, would be automatically whitelisted.

Sender Policy Framework
Sender Policy Framework (SPF) is an email authentication method that ensures the sending mail server is authorized to originate mail from the email sender's domain. This authentication only applies to the email sender listed in the "envelope from" field during the initial SMTP connection. If the email is bounced, a message is sent to this address, and for downstream transmission it typically appears in the "Return-Path" header. To authenticate the email address which is actually visible to recipients on the "From:" line, other technologies, such as DMARC, must be used. Forgery of this address is known as email spoofing, and is often used in phishing and email spam.

The list of authorized sending hosts and IP addresses for a domain is published in the DNS records for that domain. Sender Policy Framework is defined in RFC 7208 dated April 2014 as a "proposed standard".
University College of Management Studies
The University College of Management Studies is a private university college in Accra and Kumasi, Ghana. The school is affiliated with the School of Business of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi and the University of Education Winneba, Kumasi Campus.

University of Education, Winneba
The University of Education, Winneba (UEW) is a university in Winneba, Central Region of Ghana. It was established in 1992 by a government ordinance (PNDC Law 322) and with a relationship with the University of Cape Coast. Its main aim is to train teachers for the education system of Ghana. The University of Education, Winneba is charged with the responsibility of teacher education and producing professional educators to spearhead a new national vision of education aimed at redirecting Ghana's efforts along the path of rapid economic and social development. The University of Education, Winneba is expected to play a leading role in Ghana's drive to produce scholars whose knowledge would be fully responsive to the realities and exigencies of contemporary Ghana.
Zdroje, Szczecin
Zdroje (German: Finkenwalde) is a municipal neighborhood of the city of Szczecin, Poland situated on the right bank of the river East Oder, south-east of the Szczecin Old Town, and south-west of Dąbie, Szczecin.

Within Nazi Germany, the suburb was the site of Dietrich Bonhoeffer's illegal (after 1937) Theological Seminary of the Confessing Church between 1935 and 1937, and during World War II, the German Nazi government operated a forced labour subcamp of the prison in Goleniów in the district.

Old Town, Szczecin
Old Town (Polish: Stare Miasto; German: Altstadt), and the core of the historic old German port city of Stettin until 1950,  is a municipal neighborhood of the modern city of Szczecin, now in Poland, situated on the left bank of the Oder river. It is the oldest historical district in the city. As of March 2021 it had a population of 3,901.
Blois-Vienne
Blois-Vienne (French pronunciation: [blwavjɛn]), or merely Vienne for locals, is the common name given to the southern part of Blois, central France, separated from the rest of the city by the natural border of the Loire river. It corresponds to the subdistricts of St Saturnin, La Creusille, Les Métairies (college and cemetery) and La Vaquerie, but also include the hamlets of Bas-Rivière and Béjun, although these ones are now administratively attached to the neighboring commune of Chailles. In other words, it is now the left bank of the Loire in Blois.

Nowadays this borough (or district) of around 10,000 inhabitants is the physical heritage of the former village of Vienne-lez-Blois, which remained independent of the royal domain until the beginning of the 17th century, when it was attached to the city, first as a suburb, then as a district.

Saint-Gervais-la-Forêt
Saint-Gervais-la-Forêt (pronounced [sɛ̃ ʒɛʁve la fɔʁɛ], [sɛ̃ ʒɛʁvɛ]), commonly known as Saint-Gervais, is a commune in the French department of Loir-et-Cher, administrative region of Centre-Val de Loire.
Hunter Greene (basketball)
Hunter Greene (born 1965) is an American basketball player who played college basketball at the University of New Mexico from 1983 to 1988.  At 6' 6" he played primarily guard and wing. He was a versatile all-around player, accomplished scorer, and strong defender for the Lobos and head coach Gary Colson. He finished his career as the leading scorer in Lobo history, though he has since fallen to eighth, and he holds the school record for most steals in a season.

He has served as a color analyst on broadcasts of Lobo basketball games on KKOB radio since 2014.

Gary Colson
Gary Colson (April 30, 1934 – November 3, 2023) was an American basketball coach and executive. The Logansport, Indiana, native guided several college men's basketball teams, including Valdosta State University, Pepperdine University, University of New Mexico and California State University, Fresno. He compiled a 563–385 (.594) record over 34 seasons of coaching between 1959 and 1995. In 2002, he joined the Memphis Grizzlies' front office as Assistant to the President of Basketball Operations. In his later years, Coach Colson was a basketball instructor at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Coach Colson earned his bachelor's degree in health and physical education from David Lipscomb College (now Lipscomb University) in 1956. He was inducted into the Lipscomb Athletics Hall of Fame in 1998 in the "Athlete" category.

Colson died from lymphoma in Santa Barbara, California, on November 3, 2023, at the age of 89.
Coat of Arms Bridge
The Coat of Arms Bridge is a railway bridge in the Stivichall area of Coventry in the West Midlands of England. It carries the Coventry–Leamington line between Coventry and Leamington Spa and is located just south of Coventry railway station.

Coventry railway station
Coventry railway station serves the city of Coventry, in the West Midlands, England. It lies on the Birmingham loop of the West Coast Main Line (WCML); it is also located at the centre of a junction where the lines to Nuneaton and to Leamington converge. It is situated on the southern edge of the city-centre, just outside the Coventry ring road, about 250 yards to the south of junction 6.

With nearly 6.5 million passengers in 2023–2024, the station is the second busiest in the West Midlands, after Birmingham New Street. The station has the PlusBus scheme, where train and bus tickets can be bought together at a saving.
Elminster
Elminster Aumar is a fictional character appearing in the Forgotten Realms campaign setting for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game. He is also known as the Sage of Shadowdale, and is depicted as a powerful wizard featured in several novels by Forgotten Realms creator Ed Greenwood. Certain aspects of his appearance and demeanor seem to echo Gandalf, Merlin, or Odin.

Elminster was one of the first characters that Greenwood created for the Forgotten Realms. Information about him can be found in virtually all Forgotten Realms game products, but the novels in The Elminster Series are perhaps the most definitive sources of information. The series includes Elminster: The Making of a Mage, Elminster in Myth Drannor, The Temptation of Elminster, Elminster in Hell, and Elminster's Daughter.

Faerûn
Faerûn (/feɪˈruːn/ fay-ROON) is a fictional continent and the primary setting of the Dungeons & Dragons world of Forgotten Realms. It is described in detail in several editions of the Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting (first published in 1987 by TSR, Inc.) with the most recent being the 5th edition from Wizards of the Coast, and various locales and aspects are described in more depth in separate campaign setting books. Around a hundred novels, several computer and video games and a film use Faerûn as the setting.
Codex Macedoniensis
Codex Macedoniensis or Macedonianus is a Greek uncial manuscript of the Gospels written on parchment. It is designated by Y or 034 in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts, and ε 073  in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it has been dated to the 9th century. The manuscript has several gaps. Historian William C. Braithwaite described the manuscript as "very carefully written."

Uncial script
Uncial is a majuscule script (written entirely in capital letters) commonly used from the 4th to 8th centuries AD by Latin and Greek scribes. Uncial letters were used to write Greek and Latin, as well as Gothic, and are the current style for Coptic and Nobiin.
Zambian Braille
Zambian Braille is any of several braille alphabets of Zambia. It has been developed for the languages Bemba, Tumbuka, Chewa, Lozi, Kaonde, Lunda, Luvale, and Tonga.

It is based on the 26 letters of the basic braille alphabet used for Grade-1 English Braille, so the print digraph ch is written as a digraph ⠉⠓ in braille as well.  The letter ñ/ŋ [ŋ] of several of the print alphabets is distinguished from the sequence ng [ŋɡ] with an apostrophe:  ⠝⠛⠄ ñ, as in the equivalent ng’ of print Bemba.  The various alphabets, including digraphs that occur in any one of them, can thus be summarized as:

Bemba has the basic alphabet plus ng’, sh, and in some orthographies ch in place of c.  Chewa and Tumbuka has ch; Lozi, Lunda and Kaonde have ch, sh, and ñ; Luvale has ch, sh, ph, kh, th; and Tonga has ch, sh, bb, cc, hh, kk, and ŋ.

Numbers and punctuation are as in traditional English Braille.

Lunda language
Lunda, also known as Chilunda, is a Bantu language spoken in Zambia, Angola, and, to a lesser extent, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Lunda and its dialects are spoken and understood by perhaps 8.6% of Zambians (1986 estimate), and the language is used mainly in the Northwestern province of Zambia. The majority of the Lunda can be found in DRC, especially Katanga Province, as well as in Angola. A small number of Lunda dialects are represented in Namibia.
Niut Range
The Niut Range is 3600 km2 (c. 1390 sq mi) in area.  It is a subrange of the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains of British Columbia, although in some classifications it is considered part of the Chilcotin Ranges (which in some classifications are themselves part of the Pacific Ranges).  The Niut is located in the angle of the Homathko River and its main west fork, Mosley Creek.  It is isolated, island-like, by those rivers from its neighbour ranges, as both streams have their source on the Chilcotin Plateau in behind the range. Razorback Mountain is its highest peak.

Northwest across Mosley Creek is the Pantheon Range and due west is the Waddington Range and south of that is the Whitemantle Range; further northwest is the Klinaklini Icefield, beyond the river of the same name.  To the southeast across the great Grand Canyon of the Homathko is the Homathko Icefield, east of which beyond the area of Mount Queen Bess is Tsy'los Provincial Park.

Whitemantle Range
The Whitemantle Range is a subrange of the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in British Columbia. Located between the heads of Bute Inlet on the east and Knight Inlet on the west, it is extremely rugged and glaciated. Its highest summit is Whitemantle Mountain 2,985 m (9,793 ft).

The range is approximately 3,400 km2 (1,300 sq mi) in area and just south of the much higher and even more rugged Waddington Range, which is the highest part of the Pacific Ranges and also of the Coast Mountains. East across the canyon-valley of the Homathko River is the Homathko Icefield.
Slovene Military Orchestra
The Slovene Military Orchestra (another term for the Band of the Slovene Army, Slovene: Orkester Slovenske vojske) is the only musical ensemble of the Slovenian Armed Forces and a unit of the General Staff of the SV in Ljubljana, being first in the order of battle in the SV. Also known by its acronym, the SAF Band, it consists of musicians with mainly an academic background. Anyone who wants to play in the orchestra must have at least a 1/5 of the required level of education in the field of music, and must successfully perform at an audition. Training also includes, as with all other SV units, drill and marching precision practice.

It was established in April 1996, with its first conductor being Franc Rizmal who served until October 2000. The tradition of military bands on Slovenian territory dates back to the second half of the 18th century with the SAF Band playing an integral part in that history in being the first unified Slovenian military band.

Slovenian Armed Forces
The Slovenian Armed Forces or Slovenian Army (SAF; Slovene: Slovenska vojska; [SV]) are the armed forces of Slovenia. Since 2003, it is organized as a fully professional standing army. The Commander-in-Chief of the SAF is the President of the Republic of Slovenia, while operational command is in the domain of the Chief of the General Staff of the Slovenian Armed Forces.
2002 Kroger St. Jude International
The 2002 Kroger St. Jude International was a tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Racquet Club of Memphis in Memphis, Tennessee in the United States that was part of the International Series Gold of the 2002 ATP Tour and of Tier III of the 2002 WTA Tour. The tournament ran from February 17 through February 24, 2002. Andy Roddick and Lisa Raymond won the singles titles.

2002 ATP Tour
The 2002 ATP Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organised by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2002 tennis season. The ATP Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis organised by the ATP. The ATP Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the Tennis Masters Cup, the ATP Masters Series, the International Series Gold and the International Series tournaments.

This season marked the most recent occasion where eight different men appeared in the four major singles finals of a calendar year.
New York Central Railroad Adirondack Division Historic District
New York Central Railroad Adirondack Division Historic District is a national historic district located in Essex, Franklin, Hamilton, Herkimer, Oneida, and St. Lawrence County, New York.  The district includes 23 contributing buildings and 18 contributing structures.  It encompasses the former Mohawk and Malone Railway that eventually became the Adirondack Division of the New York Central Railroad in 1913.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

Essex County, New York
Essex County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 37,381. Its county seat is the hamlet of Elizabethtown. Its name is from the English county of Essex. Essex is one of two counties that are entirely within the Adirondack Park, the other being Hamilton County. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.
Saizong Monastery
Saizong Monastery (Chinese: 赛宗寺) is a Buddhist monastery in Xinghai County, Qinghai, China. It is also known as the Treldzong Gompa, Drakar Treldzong Thösamling, Thösam Yönten Dargyling, and Serdzong Monastery. It is part of the Gelug sect.

Located 30 kilometres (19 mi) to Xinghai's west, north-west, it has an elevation of 3,600 metres (11,800 ft). Rocky peaks can be seen from monastery's rear. It is in Drakar Treldzong, which is known as "Monkey Fort made of White Rocks". To accomplish what the previous position holder wanted, the third Arutsang Lama of Rongwo Monastery established the monastery in 1923. The monastery started a college in 1929. There were 300 monks living in the monastery in 1997 and 400 in 2002.

Rongwo Monastery
Rongwo Monastery (Tibetan: རོང་བོ་དགོན་ཆེན, Wylie: rong bo dgon chen, formally Wylie: rong po dgon chen thos bsam rnam rgyal gling, simplified Chinese: 隆务寺; traditional Chinese: 隆務寺; pinyin: Lóngwù sì), is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Tongren County, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai, China. It is 186 kilometres (116 mi) from Xining.
Vaʻai Kolone
Vaʻai Kolone (11 November 1911 – 20 April 2001) was the fourth prime minister of Samoa and a founder of the Human Rights Protection Party (HRPP) in Samoa. He served as prime minister twice, first between 13 April and 18 September 1982, and then from 30 December 1985 until 8 April 1988.

Prime Minister of Samoa
The prime minister of the Independent State of Samoa (Samoan: Palemia o le Malo Tuto’atasi o Sāmoa) is the head of government of Samoa. The prime minister is a member of the Legislative Assembly, and is appointed by the O le Ao o le Malo (Head of State) for a five-year term. Since independence in 1962, a total of eight individuals have served as prime minister. The incumbent prime minister is Laʻauli Leuatea Schmidt, who assumed office on 16 September 2025. Schmidt also leads the Faʻatuatua i le Atua Samoa ua Tasi (FAST) party.
Advayataraka Upanishad
Advayataraka Upanishad is an ancient Sanskrit text and a minor Upanishad of Hinduism. It is one of the 19 Upanishads attached to the Shukla Yajurveda. It is classified as a Yoga Upanishad.

The Upanishad is notable for its discussion of Guru (teacher). The text discusses three goals of introspection, Taraka yoga and the nondual nature of Reality (Brahman). The text also includes verses on Raja yoga, and Kundalini Tantra. The Upanishad also states that maya or illusion is the reason for the "differentiation" of the living from God.

It is listed 53 in the serial order of the Muktika enumerated by Rama to Hanuman in the modern era anthology of 108 Upanishads. The text is also known as Advaya Taraka Upanishad and Advayatarakopanishad.

Gavin Flood
Gavin Dennis Flood (born 1954) is a British scholar of comparative religion  specialising in Shaivism and  phenomenology, but with research interests that span South Asian traditions.
From October 2005 through December 2015, he served in the Faculty of Theology University of Oxford and as the Academic Director of the Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies which is a Recognised Independent Centre of the University of Oxford. In 2008, Flood was granted the title of professor of Hindu studies and comparative religion from the University of Oxford. In 2014, he was elected a Fellow of the British Academy. In 2016, Flood became the inaugural Yap Kim Hao Professor of Comparative Religious Studies at Yale-NUS College in Singapore. He is a senior research fellow at Campion Hall, University of Oxford.