hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Polish Diaspora Day
The Polish Diaspora Day is a public holiday celebrated in Poland on 2 May, to commemorate the Polish diaspora around the world. It was established on 20 March 2002, by the Sejm of Poland (lower house of the parliament), from the initiative of the Senate of Poland (upper house of the parliament). It is celebrated on the same day as the Polish National Flag Day. It takes place a day after the International Workers' Day (1 May), and a day before the 3 May Constitution Day (3 May).

Polish diaspora
The Polish diaspora comprises Poles and people of Polish heritage or origin who live outside Poland. The Polish diaspora is also known in modern Polish as Polonia, the name for Poland in Latin and many Romance languages.

There are roughly 20,000,000 people of Polish ancestry living outside Poland, making the Polish diaspora one of the largest in the world and one of the most widely dispersed. Reasons for displacement include border shifts, forced expulsions, resettlement by voluntary and forced exile, and political or economic emigration.

Substantial populations of Polish ancestry can be found in their native region of Central and Eastern Europe and many other European countries as well as in the Americas and Australia.

The Polonia in English-speaking countries often uses a dialect of Polish called Ponglish. It is made up of a Polish core with many English words inside it.

There are also smaller Polish communities in Asia and Africa, most notably Kazakhstan and South Africa.
Salim Abdool Karim
Salim S. Abdool Karim is a South African public health physician, epidemiologist and virologist who has played a leading role in the AIDS and COVID-19 pandemic. His scientific contributions have impacted the landscape of HIV prevention and treatment, saving thousands of lives.

The World Academy of Sciences
The World Academy of Sciences for the advancement of science in developing countries (TWAS) is a merit-based science academy established for developing countries, uniting more than 1,400 scientists in some 100 countries. Its principal aim is to promote scientific capacity and excellence for sustainable development in developing countries. It was formerly known as the Third World Academy of Sciences, named after the "third world" group of non-aligned states. Its headquarters is located on the premises of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy.
Rung languages
The Rung languages are a proposed branch of Sino-Tibetan languages. The branch was proposed by Randy LaPolla on the basis of morphological evidence such as pronominal paradigms. However, Guillaume Jacques and Thomas Pellard (2021) argues that these languages do not constitute a monophyly based on recent phylogenetic studies and on a thorough investigation of shared lexical innovations.

LaPolla (2003) lists the following languages as part of his provisional "Rung" group.

Kham, Magar, and Chepangic have also been proposed to form part of a Greater Magaric group.

Magar Kham language
Magar Kham (मगर खाम), also known as Kham, Kham Magar, and Khamkura, is the Sino-Tibetan language variety of the Northern Magar people of Nepal. The language is situated in the upper elevations of Baglung, East Rukum, and Rolpa districts. Based on census data taken in 2021, the total population of Magar Kham is estimated to be about 91,753 speakers.
Greek scholars in the Renaissance
The migration waves of Byzantine Greek scholars and émigrés in the period following the end of the Byzantine Empire in 1453 are considered by many scholars key to the revival of Greek studies that led to the development of Renaissance humanism and science. These émigrés brought to Western Europe the relatively well-preserved remnants and accumulated knowledge of their own (Greek) civilization, which had mostly not survived the Early Middle Ages in the West. The Encyclopædia Britannica claims: "Many modern scholars also agree that the exodus of Greeks to Italy as a result of this event marked the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Renaissance," although few scholars date the start of the Italian Renaissance this late.

Johann Reuchlin
Johann Reuchlin (German: [ˈjoːhan ˈʁɔʏçlɪn]; 29 January 1455 – 30 June 1522), sometimes called Johannes, was a German Catholic humanist and a scholar of Greek and Hebrew, whose work also took him to modern-day Austria, Switzerland, Italy, and France. Most of Reuchlin's career centered on advancing German knowledge of Greek and Hebrew.
Miss Brazil World 2001
The Miss Brazil World 2001 pageant took place on September 28, 2001. It was 16th edition of the contest. Each state and the Federal District competed for their state and went to compete for the title of the Brazilian Crown for Miss World. The winner entered Miss World 2001. This year was the first time that Miss Brazil World was separated from the main pageant, Miss Brazil, for only 1 year. Joyce Yara Silva Aguiar of São Paulo ended being the winner at the end of the contest and also the first black woman to be Miss Brazil World. This contest was held separate from Miss Brazil 2001 and was apart from the latter for only a year before rejoining with the main contest the following year.

Miss World 2001
Miss World 2001 was the 51st edition of the Miss World pageant, held at the Super Bowl of Sun City Entertainment Centre in Sun City, South Africa, on 16 November 2001.

Priyanka Chopra of India crowned Agbani Darego of Nigeria as her successor at the end of the event. This is the first time Nigeria won the title of Miss World.
Hull City Council elections
Hull City Council elections are held three years out of every four to elect members of Hull City Council, the unitary authority which governs the city of Kingston upon Hull in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. Since the last boundary changes in 2018, the council has comprised 57 councillors representing 21 wards with each ward electing either 2 or 3 councillors.

Hull City Council
Hull City Council, or Kingston upon Hull City Council, is the local authority for the city of Kingston upon Hull (generally known as Hull) in the ceremonial county of the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. Hull has had a council since 1299, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1996 the council has been a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council; it is independent from East Riding of Yorkshire Council, the unitary authority which administers the rest of the county.

The council meets at the Guildhall. It has been under Liberal Democrat majority control since 2022.
Gurung Hill
Gurung Hill is a mountain near the Line of Actual Control between the Indian- and Chinese-administered portions of Ladakh near the village of Chushul and the Spanggur Lake. As of 2020, the Line of Actual Control runs on the north–south ridgeline of Gurung Hill. To the west of Gurung lies the Chushul valley (or 'Chushul Bown') and to the right of it are mountains of Kailash Range forming the basins of the Spanggur Lake and the Pangong Lake in this area.

During the 1962 Sino-Indian War, a battle was fought at Gurung Hill, which resulted in a victory for the Chinese forces.

Chushul
Chushul is a village in the Leh district of Ladakh, India. It is located in the Durbuk tehsil, in the area known as "Chushul Valley", south of the Pangong Lake and west of the Spanggur Lake. The Line of Actual Control with China runs about 5 miles (8 km) east of Chushul, across the Chushul Valley. Famous as site for historical battle grounds.
Philosopher's Way, San Francisco
Philosopher's Way, San Francisco is a 2.7-mile (4.3 km) loop trail around the perimeter of John McLaren Park created by artists Peter Richards and Susan Schwartzenberg, staff artists at the Exploratorium. The trail, dedicated on January 5, 2013, is the first and only path built for philosophers in the United States and features fourteen stone markers by mason George Gonzalez intended as "musing stations" to stimulate contemplation. The US$146,000 (equivalent to $197,000 in 2024) trail was funded as a public art set-aside by the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, and offers views of Mount Diablo, Mount Tamalpais, Angel Island, and the Pacific Ocean on a clear day.

John McLaren Park
John McLaren Park is a park in southeastern San Francisco. At 313.7 acres (126.9 ha), McLaren Park is the fourth largest park in San Francisco by area, after Golden Gate Park, the Presidio, and Lake Merced Park. The park is surrounded mostly by the Excelsior, Crocker-Amazon, Visitacion Valley, Portola and University Mound neighborhoods.
Tenbury Museum
Tenbury Museum is a museum in the market town of Tenbury Wells, Worcestershire, England. It holds a collection of local and social history objects, plus copies of the Tenbury Advertiser newspaper dating back to 1871.

The building was originally Goff's Free School and continued in use as a school until 1914. In 1977 it was renovated for use as a museum.

Tenbury Wells
Tenbury Wells (locally Tenbury) is a small market town and civil parish in the north-western extremity of the Malvern Hills District of Worcestershire, England. Situated 6 miles southeast of Ludlow, its northern border adjoins Shropshire and, at the 2021 census jointly with Burford, it had a population of 5,224.

The town has become subject in the 2020s to almost annual very severe flooding.
Sugarpop
Sugarpop (also stylized as SugarPop) was a child musical group which appeared regularly on GMA Network's concert television show, SOP. All of SugarPop's members are from a child singing competition on QTV named Popstar Kids. The group were given the name SugarPop by Jaya, one of the hosts and singers on the now defunct SOP Rules which was replaced by Party Pilipinas, later replaced by the show Sunday All Stars.

Idol Philippines
Idol Philippines (known as Search for the Idol Philippines in the first season or better known as Philippine Idol) is a Philippine television interactive reality competition show broadcast by ABS-CBN and Kapamilya Channel. Created and developed by FremantleMedia and 19 Entertainment, the program is a franchise of Pop Idol created by British entertainment executive Simon Fuller, the show is the third and final incarnation of Philippine Idol. Originally hosted by Billy Crawford and originally judges by Regine Velasquez, Vice Ganda, James Reid and Moira Dela Torre, it aired on the network's Yes Weekend line up from April 21, 2019 to September 18, 2022, replacing World of Dance Philippines and was replaced by Everybody, Sing!. Robi Domingo serves as the latest host and Velasquez, Dela Torre, Gary Valenciano and Chito Miranda serve as the latest judges.
The Briarcliffe
The Briarcliffe is a 13-story, 35-unit residence at 171 West 57th Street, at the northeastern corner with Seventh Avenue, in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Located just north of Carnegie Hall, the property was built as a hotel in 1922, designed by architects Warren and Wetmore, and converted to its current purpose as condominiums in 1999. The Briarcliffe is part of Billionaires' Row and shares a city block with the Alwyn Court to the north and 165 West 57th Street, One57, the Nippon Club Tower, the Calvary Baptist Church, and 111 West 57th Street to the east.

In 1998, the owner of the building hired architect Richard Rice to ready the deteriorating property to be placed on the market. The building's murals had been damaged by water, and Rice was prepared to restore them; however, the following year, the building was converted to a condominium, and the murals were destroyed in the reconstruction work.

Billionaires' Row
Billionaires' Row is a group of ultra-luxury residential skyscrapers, and the neighborhood surrounding them, near the southern end of Central Park in the Midtown section of Manhattan in New York City. Several of these buildings are in the supertall category—taller than 1,000 feet (300 m)—and, as of 2024, include the world's three tallest residential buildings. Since several of these pencil towers are on or near 57th Street, the term can refer to this street as well.
Revival Records
Revival Records is a British record label founded in 1971 by Andrew Cameron Miller and Ian Brown to issue the works of blues musicians of the Mississippi valley such as Fred McDowell and Johnny Woods, George Henry Bussey and Jim Bunkley, Charlie Burse and Will Shade, Mississippi Joe Callicott, Furry Lewis, R. L. Burnside, and Sleepy John Estes recorded in the 1960s by George Mitchell.

The Mitchell recordings later have been reissued on the Rounder and the Fat Possum labels.

Rounder Records
Rounder Records is an independent record label founded in 1970 in Somerville, Massachusetts, by Marian Leighton Levy, Ken Irwin, and Bill Nowlin. Focused on American roots music, Rounder's catalogue of more than 3000 titles includes records by Alison Krauss and Union Station, George Thorogood, Tony Rice, and Béla Fleck, in addition to re-releases of seminal albums by artists including Carter Family, Jelly Roll Morton, Lead Belly, and Woody Guthrie. "Championing and preserving the music of artists whose music falls outside of the mainstream," Rounder releases have won 54 Grammy Awards representing diverse genres, from bluegrass, folk, reggae, and gospel to pop, rock, Americana, polka, and world music. Acquired by Concord in 2010, Rounder is based in Nashville. In 2016, the founders of Rounder (Levy, Irwin and Nowlin) were inducted into the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame.
Brad Armstrong (wrestler)
Robert Bradley James (June 15, 1962 – November 1, 2012), better known by his ring name, Brad Armstrong was an American professional wrestler best known for his appearances with the promotion World Championship Wrestling in the 1990s. He was the son of wrestler "Bullet Bob" Armstrong and brother to professional wrestlers Steve, Scott and Brian.

UWF Tag Team Championship
In professional wrestling, the UWF Tag Team Championship was a tag team championship contested in the Universal Wrestling Federation (UWF) and its predecessor, Mid-South Wrestling. The title was established in 1979 as the Mid-South Tag Team Championship, renamed the UWF Tag Team Championship in 1986, and abandoned the following year when the UWF was acquired by Jim Crockett Promotions.
McCart Fire Lookout
The McCart Fire Lookout, near Sula, Montana, was built in 1939.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

It is an L-4 Fire Lookout, located at 7,115 feet (2,169 m) elevation, about 4 miles (6.4 km) south of the East Fork Forest Service Station in Bitterroot National Forest.

It was named for Bill McCart, a longtime National Forest Service employee in the East Fork District (now Sula District).

Bitterroot National Forest
Bitterroot National Forest comprises 1.587 million acres (6,423 km2) in west-central Montana and eastern Idaho of the United States. It is located primarily in Ravalli County, Montana (70.26% of the forest), but also has acreage in Idaho County, Idaho (29.24%), and Missoula County, Montana (0.49%).

Founded in 1898, the forest is located in the Bitterroot and Sapphire Mountains with elevations ranging from 2,200 feet (650 m) along the Salmon River in Idaho to 10,157 foot (3,100 m) Trapper Peak. Roughly half the forest (743,000 acres, 3,000 km2) make up part or all of three distinct Wilderness areas. These areas include the Anaconda–Pintler, Selway–Bitterroot and Frank Church River of No Return Wildernesses. The distinction is that in wilderness areas, no roads, logging, mining or other construction is permitted and all access must be done either on foot or horseback; even bicycles are not permitted. Hunting, however is allowed forest-wide including wilderness areas.
Seapoint
Seapoint (Irish: Rinn na Mara) is a small seafront area between Blackrock and Monkstown in  Dublin in the Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown area. It is best known for its beach and bathing areas, beside a Martello Tower on the Dublin Bay seashore. The beach currently has an International Blue flag award and a national Green flag award.

The Martello Tower is now the headquarters of the Genealogical Society of Ireland.

The route linking Dún Laoghaire harbour to the N11 National primary route has itself been designated a National primary route, the N31. Part of the route includes Seapoint Avenue, and the Seapoint area is located on the strip of land, which includes the railway line, between the road and the sea.

Blackrock, Dublin
Blackrock (Irish: An Charraig Dhubh) is an affluent suburb of Dublin, Ireland, 3 km (1.9 mi) northwest of Dún Laoghaire. It is named after the local geological rock formation to be found in the area of Blackrock Park. In the late 18th century, the Blackrock Road was a common place for highway robberies. The Blackrock baths, provided for by the railway company in 1839, became popular in the 19th century but Blackrock is now a tourist destination.
Filativka
Filativka (Ukrainian: Філатівка; Russian: Филатовка; Crimean Tatar: Filatovka), is a village in the Krasnoperekopsk Raion, Autonomous Republic of Crimea, southern Ukraine. Along with the rest of the Crimean peninsula, the settlement was occupied and subsequently annexed by the Russian Federation in early 2014.

1926 Soviet census
The 1926 Soviet census (Russian: Всесоюзная перепись населения, All-Union census), conducted in December 1926, was the first comprehensive all-Union census in the Soviet Union. It served as a critical instrument in the nation-building efforts of the USSR, furnishing the government with vital ethnographic data. This census played a significant role in the societal shift from the Imperial Russian era to the Soviet period. The methodologies employed by ethnographers in defining individual ethnicity (narodnost), particularly in creating the "List of Ethnicities of the USSR" and delineating borders in ethnically mixed regions, profoundly shaped Soviet policies. Ethnographers, statisticians, and linguists not only designed questionnaires and ethnicity lists but also aimed to actively reshape identities according to Marxism–Leninism. As Anastas Mikoyan stated, the Soviet Union was engaged in "creating and organising new nations".
John Hicklin Hall
John Hicklin Hall (July 17, 1854 – July 27, 1937) was a politician and attorney in the U.S. state of Oregon. A native of the Portland area, he served in the Oregon House of Representatives in the early 1890s before appointment as the United States District Attorney for Oregon. As the federal prosecutor, he became involved in the Oregon land fraud scandal, in which several high-profile public officials conspired to defraud the government in acquiring land for a private entity. Hall was convicted, but subsequently pardoned, for failing to prosecute some of the participants.

Hall was also the father of Oregon governor John H. Hall.

Multnomah County, Oregon
Multnomah County /mʌltˈnoʊmə/ ⓘ is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 815,428. Multnomah County is part of the Portland metropolitan area. The state's smallest and most populous county, its county seat, Portland, is the state's most populous city.
Berlin State Library
The Berlin State Library (German: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin; officially abbreviated as SBB, colloquially Stabi) is a universal library in Berlin, Germany, and a property of the German public cultural organization the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation (German: Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz).

Founded in 1661, it is among the largest libraries in Europe, and one of the most important academic research libraries in the German-speaking world. It collects texts, media and cultural works from all fields across many languages, from all time periods and all countries of the world, and offers them for academic and research purposes.

Prominent items in its collection include the oldest biblical illustrations in the fifth-century Quedlinburg Itala fragment, a Gutenberg Bible, the main autograph collection of Goethe, the world's largest collection of Johann Sebastian Bach's and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's manuscripts, and the original score of Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony № 9.

Frederick William, the Great Elector
Frederick William (German: Friedrich Wilhelm; 16 February 1620 – 29 April 1688) was Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia, thus ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia, from 1640 until his death in 1688. A member of the House of Hohenzollern, he is popularly known as "the Great Elector" (der Große Kurfürst) because of his military and political achievements. Frederick William was a staunch pillar of the Calvinist faith, associated with the rising commercial class. He saw the importance of trade and promoted it vigorously. His shrewd domestic reforms gave Prussia a strong position in the post-Westphalian political order of Northern-Central Europe, setting up Prussia for elevation from duchy to kingdom, achieved under his son and successor.
Chloe Flower
Chloe Won (born August 6, 1985), who is known professionally as Chloe Flower, is an American composer, writer, producer and classical pianist. She studied at Manhattan School of Music Pre-College and later at Royal Academy of Music in London.

Babyface (musician)
Kenneth Brian Edmonds (born April 10, 1959), known professionally as Babyface, is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer. He has written and produced 26 number-one R&B hit songs and 
won 13 Grammy Awards. He was ranked number 20 on NME's 50 of The Greatest Producers Ever list.
Tsukuba Express
The Tsukuba Express (つくばエクスプレス, Tsukuba Ekusupuresu), or TX, is a Japanese railway line operated by the third-sector company Metropolitan Intercity Railway Company, which links Akihabara Station in Chiyoda, Tokyo and Tsukuba Station in Tsukuba, Ibaraki. The route was inaugurated on 24 August 2005.

Third-sector railway
In Japan, third-sector railways (第三セクター鉄道, dai-san sekutā tetsudō), sometimes translated as semi-public sector railways, are railways operated by a joint corporation that has been invested in by both the public and private sectors, which maintain a public–private partnership. These lines are most often operated by small companies owned by both a prefectural or municipal government and smaller private interests, who both invest in and manage the line. Third-sector lines are generally former lines of the JR Group – or, before 1987, Japanese National Railways (JNR) – that have been divested from the companies.

Examples of lines that were proposed for abolishment or transfer to third-sector companies throughout the 20th century include the Deficit 83 Lines and specified local lines.
Karakol
Karakol, formerly Przhevalsk, is the fourth-largest city in Kyrgyzstan, near the eastern tip of Issyk-Kul, about 150 kilometres (93 mi) from the Kyrgyzstan–China border and 380 kilometres (240 mi) from the capital Bishkek. It is the administrative capital of Issyk-Kul Region. Its area is 44 square kilometres (17 sq mi), and its resident population was 84,351 in 2021 (both including Pristan-Przhevalsk). To the north, on highway A363, is Tüp, and to the southwest Jeti-Ögüz resort.

Tian Shan
The Tian Shan, also known as the Tengri Tagh or Tengir-Too, is a large system of mountain ranges in Central Asia. The highest peak is Jengish Chokusu at 7,439 metres (24,406 ft) high and located in Kyrgyzstan. Its lowest point is at the Turpan Depression, which is 154 m (505 ft) below sea level.

The Tian Shan is sacred in Tengrism. Its second-highest peak is known as Khan Tengri, which can be translated as "Lord of the Spirits". At the 2013 Conference on World Heritage, the eastern portion of Tian Shan in western China's Xinjiang Region was listed as a World Heritage Site. The western portion in Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan was then listed in 2016.