hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lateral giant interneuron
The lateral giant interneuron (LG) is an interneuron in the abdominal nerve cord of crayfish, lobsters, shrimp of the order Decapoda and their relatives in the crustacean class Malacostraca. It is part of the system that controls a special kind of escape reflex of these organisms known as the "caridoid escape reaction."

When the sensory hairs of the tail fan of crayfish are stimulated, the LG activates the motor neurons that control flexion movements of the abdomen in a way that propels the crayfish away from the source of the stimulation. The LG bypasses the main neural system that controls locomotion, thus shortening the reaction time.

The lateral giant connection to motor giant fast flexor neurons was the first known example of an electrical synapse (Furshpan & Potter 1957).

Crayfish
Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans belonging to the infraorder Astacidea, which also contains lobsters. Taxonomically, they are members of the superfamilies Astacoidea and Parastacoidea. They breathe through feather-like gills. Some species are found in brooks and streams, where  fresh water is running, while others thrive in swamps, ditches, and paddy fields. Most crayfish cannot tolerate polluted water, although some species, such as Procambarus clarkii, are hardier. Crayfish feed on animals and plants, either living or decomposing, and detritus.

The term "crayfish" is applied to saltwater species in some countries.
BOx (psychedelics)
BOx, also known as β-oxygenated- and ring-substituted phenethylamines, are a group of psychedelic and other psychoactive drugs of the phenethylamine family. They have either a hydroxy group or methoxy group at the β position of the alkyl side chain as well as additional substitutions at the 2 through 5 positions of the phenyl ring.

Certain BOx drugs like BOB (β-methoxy-2C-B) have been found to act as serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists.

The BOx drugs were described in the scientific literature by Alexander Shulgin, Peyton Jacob III, and Darrell Lemaire in 1985. They were subsequently further described by Shulgin in his 1991 book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved). Additional BOx drugs like BOH-2C-B (BOHB; β-hydroxy-2C-B) and 3C-BOH (β-methoxy-MDA; BOMDA) were later described by Daniel Trachsel in 2013. In addition, BOHB emerged as a novel designer drug.

Peyton Jacob III
Peyton Jacob III is an American chemist and pharmacologist who has studied nicotine, methamphetamine, hallucinogens, entactogens, and other psychoactive drugs. He is a researcher at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). Jacob extensively collaborated with and was close friends with Alexander Shulgin. Among many other contributions, they developed the Shulgin Rating Scale together and methylone was first synthesized and described by the pair in the mid-1990s.
John Blanchard
John Blanchard is a Canadian television director and producer.

He is best known for his directorial work on the sketch comedy series SCTV, The Kids in the Hall, CODCO, MADtv and the talk show The Martin Short Show for which he won a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing in a Talk Show.

He also directed episodes of the sitcoms Grounded for Life, Wanda at Large, Cavemen, and Unhitched, as well as a number of television films, one of his notable films being The Last Polka (1985) starring John Candy and Eugene Levy. He also directed the direct-to-video horror comedy Shriek If You Know What I Did Last Friday the Thirteenth.

Eugene Levy
Eugene Levy (born December 17, 1946) is a Canadian actor and comedian.  He often plays flustered and unconventional figures. He is best known for appearing in the sketch comedy series SCTV, which aired from 1976 until 1984, and the American Pie series of films.  He is a regular collaborator of actor-director Christopher Guest, appearing in and co-writing four of his films, commencing with Waiting for Guffman (1996). From 2015 to 2020, he starred as Johnny Rose in Schitt's Creek, a comedy series that he co-created with his son and co-star Dan Levy.

Levy won a Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media in 2004 for "A Mighty Wind" from the film of the same name that he co-wrote. He received the Governor General's Performing Arts Award, Canada's highest honour in the performing arts, in 2008. He was appointed to the Order of Canada in 2011. In 2019 and 2020, he was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series, which he won in 2020.
Timeline of quantum mechanics
The timeline of quantum mechanics is a list of key events in the history of quantum mechanics, quantum field theories and quantum chemistry.

The initiation of quantum science occurred in 1900, originating from the problem of the oscillator beginning during the mid-19th century.

John Clauser
John Francis Clauser (/ˈklaʊzər/; born December 1, 1942) is an American theoretical and experimental physicist known for contributions to the foundations of quantum mechanics, in particular the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt inequality.  Clauser was awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly with Alain Aspect and Anton Zeilinger "for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science". In 2023, he declared himself as a climate change denier.
Powers v. Ohio
Powers v. Ohio, 499 U.S. 400 (1991), was a United States Supreme Court case that re-examined the Batson Challenge. Established by Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79 (1986), the Batson Challenge prohibits jury selectors from using peremptory challenges on the basis of race, ethnicity, gender, and sex. Powers expanded the jurisdictions of this principle, allowing all parties within a case, defendants especially, to question preemptory challenges during a jury selection, regardless of race. This holding was protected under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Batson v. Kentucky
Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79 (1986), is a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court ruling that a prosecutor's use of a peremptory challenge in a criminal case—the dismissal of jurors without stating a valid cause for doing so—may not be used to exclude jurors based solely on their race. The Court ruled that this practice violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The case gave rise to the term Batson challenge, an objection to a peremptory challenge based on the standard established by the Supreme Court's decision in this case.  Subsequent jurisprudence has resulted in the extension of Batson to civil cases (Edmonson v. Leesville Concrete Company) and cases where jurors are excluded on the basis of sex (J.E.B. v. Alabama ex rel. T.B.).

The principle had been established previously by several state courts, including the California Supreme Court in 1978, the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court in 1979, and the Florida Supreme Court in 1984.
Circulocolumella
Circulocolumella is a genus of fungus in the Hysterangiaceae family. The genus is monotypic, containing the single species Circulocolumella hahashimensis, found in the Bonin Islands of Japan, and is now extinct.

Hysterangiaceae
The Hysterangiaceae are a family of fungi in the order Hysterangiales. Species in the family are widely distributed in temperate areas and the tropics. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains four genera and 54 species.
Edgewater, Cleveland
Edgewater is a neighborhood on the West Side of Cleveland, Ohio. Located along the Lake Erie shoreline, it is situated approximately five miles west of downtown Cleveland.  It extends east-to-west from the neighborhood of Detroit–Shoreway to the streetcar suburb of Lakewood and north-to-south from Lake Erie to the neighborhood of Cudell.

Edgewater is known for its Lake Erie frontage, tree-lined streets, and extensive Edgewater Park, part of the Lakefront Reservation of the Cleveland Metroparks. It also includes the Clifton Boulevard Historic District retail area. The neighborhood was part of the Village of West Cleveland from 1871 until its annexation to Cleveland in 1894.  Some light industry is located along the rail line on its southern border, separating it from Cudell.

Edgewater is represented in Cleveland City Council by Councilwoman Jenny Spencer as part of the city's Ward 15, together with Detroit–Shoreway and Whiskey Island.

Neighborhoods in Cleveland
Neighborhoods in Cleveland refer to the 34 neighborhood communities of the city of Cleveland, Ohio, as defined by the Cleveland City Planning Commission. Based on historical definitions and census data, the neighborhoods serve as the basis for various urban planning initiatives on both the municipal and metropolitan levels. Technically known as Statistical Planning Areas (SPAs), they also provide a "framework for summarizing socio-economic and other statistics within the city." City neighborhood boundaries were last revised by the City Planning Commission in 2012.

Cleveland's neighborhoods are generally defined by their position on either the East Side or West Side of the Cuyahoga River. Downtown and Cuyahoga Valley are situated between the East and West Sides, while the Broadway–Slavic Village neighborhood is sometimes referred to as the South Side.
Weyl's postulate
In relativistic cosmology, Weyl's postulate stipulates that in the Friedmann model of the universe (a fluid cosmological model), the wordlines of fluid particles (modeling galaxies) should be hypersurface orthogonal. Meaning, they should form a 3-bundle of non-intersecting geodesics orthogonal to a series of spacelike hypersurfaces (hyperslices).

Sometimes, the additional hypothesis is added that the world lines form timelike geodesics.

Friedmann equations
The Friedmann equations, also known as the Friedmann–Lemaître (FL) equations, are a set of equations in physical cosmology that govern cosmic expansion in homogeneous and isotropic models of the universe within the context of general relativity. They were first derived by Alexander Friedmann in 1922 from Einstein's field equations of gravitation for the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric and a perfect fluid with a given mass density ρ and pressure p. The equations for negative spatial curvature were given by Friedmann in 1924.
The physical models built on the Friedmann equations are called FRW or FLRW models and form the Standard Model of modern cosmology, although such a description is also associated with the further developed Lambda-CDM model. The FLRW model was developed independently by the named authors in the 1920s and 1930s.
2018 United States House of Representatives election in South Dakota
The 2018 United States House of Representatives election in South Dakota was held on November 6, to elect the U.S. representative for South Dakota's at-large congressional district. The election coincided with other statewide, legislative, and local elections.

Incumbent Republican U.S. Representative Kristi Noem did not run for a fifth term and instead ran successfully for governor of South Dakota. This was the first open seat election since 2004, and the first time a male candidate was elected since 2002. This was the last U.S. House election in South Dakota until 2024 that a Democrat appeared on the November ballot.

2018 South Dakota elections
The 2018 South Dakota elections were held on November 6, 2018. All of South Dakota's executive officers were up for election as well as South Dakota's at-large seat in the United States House of Representatives.
Obsolete shoulder sleeve insignia of the United States Army
Shoulder sleeve insignia (SSI) are cloth patches worn on the shoulders of US Army uniforms since World War I to identify the primary headquarters to which a soldier is assigned. Insignia is issued to commands, field armies, corps, divisions and brigades. Some other formations also have SSI's and rarely - a regiment may have one. They are created and assigned by the US Army Institute of Heraldry. When a unit is deactivated, so usually is the SSI, but it can be reassigned. Also an SSI can be deactivated and the unit will then usually wear the insignia of its next highest command (usually a division or a command).

49th Armored Division (United States)
The 49th Armored Division —nicknamed the "Lone Star"— was an armored division of the Texas Army National Guard during the Cold War.

Active from 1947, the division formed part of the Texas Army National Guard together with the 36th Infantry Division. It was called up for active duty between 1961 and 1962 during the Berlin Crisis. In 1968 both Texas divisions were inactivated and used to form separate units. The 49th Armored was reformed in 1973 as the sole Texas division. When reflagged as the 36th Infantry Division in 2004, it was the last armored division remaining in the United States Army National Guard.
Bosko at the Zoo
Bosko at the Zoo is a 1932 American animated comedy short film. It is the seventeenth film in the Looney Tunes series featuring Bosko. It was released on as early as January 9, 1932. It was directed by Hugh Harman. Frank Marsales was its musical director.

Bosko
Bosko is an animated cartoon character created by animators Hugh Harman and Rudolf Ising. Bosko was the first recurring character in Leon Schlesinger's cartoon series and was the star of 39 Looney Tunes shorts released by Warner Bros. He was voiced by Carman Maxwell, Bernard B. Brown, Johnny Murray, and Philip Hurlic during the 1920s and 1930s and once by Don Messick during the 1990s. The character would briefly appear in shorts released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer prior to his retirement; the rights to the character and the Looney Tunes-era films are owned by Turner Entertainment Co. through separate acquisitions; the latter have fallen into the public domain due to their copyrights not being renewed after rights disputes.
Huntington Hardisty
Huntington Hardisty (February 3, 1929 – October 1, 2003) was a United States Navy four star admiral who served as Vice Chief of Naval Operations from 1987 to 1988; and Commander in Chief, United States Pacific Command from 1988 to 1991.

Vice Chief of Naval Operations
The vice chief of naval operations (VCNO) is the second highest-ranking commissioned United States Navy officer and functions as the principal deputy of the chief of naval operations. By statute, the vice chief is appointed as a four-star admiral.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 74
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 74 (P. Oxy. 74) is a registration of property (ἀπογραφή) like P. Oxy. 72 and P. Oxy. 73.  It is concerned with the registration of sheep and goats, and is written in Greek. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The document was written on 28 January 116. Currently it is housed in the library of Hamilton College in Clinton. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.

The letter was addressed to the strategus. It was written by Sarapion, son of Herodes. The letter gives the present number of sheep and goats Sarapion owns compared with the number for the previous year. The measurements of the fragment are 206 by 52 mm.

Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 72
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 72 (P. Oxy. 72) is a notice of a transfer of property (ἀπογραφή), written in Greek. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The document was written on 12 April 90. Currently it is housed in the Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures in University of Chicago. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.

The letter was addressed by Zoilus to the keepers of the archives. It reports on behalf of Marcus Porcius, who was away, the purchase of a piece of land. The measurements of the fragment are 408 by 96 mm.
KC Porter
Karl Cameron Porter, known as K.C (born June 27, 1962), is an American record producer, singer-songwriter, arranger and composer, winner of six Grammy Awards and two Latin Grammy Awards. Porter has worked on more than 40 albums, including production work on Santana's album Supernatural and for producing and writing some of the most popular Spanish-language singles for Ricky Martin.

Porter is also known for his production work that includes artists such as Bon Jovi, Janet Jackson, Brian McKnight, Toni Braxton, and Scorpions; into the Spanish-speaking market and World music with artists such as Los Fabulosos Cadillacs, Laura Pausini, Khaled, Kadim Al Sahir; as well as into the international market (with artists such as Cheng Lin).

A practitioner of the Baháʼí Faith, Porter is one of the founding members of Oneness, a non-profit organization that promotes racial unity through music, the arts and education.

La India
Linda Bell Viera Caballero (born March 9, 1969), known professionally as La India, is a Puerto Rican singer and songwriter of salsa, house music and Latin pop. La India has been nominated for both Grammy and Latin Grammy Awards, winning the Latin Grammy Award for Best Salsa Album for the Intensamente La India Con Canciones De Juan Gabriel album.
2022 IIHF World Championship Division II
The 2022 IIHF World Championship Division II was an international ice hockey tournament run by the International Ice Hockey Federation.

The Group A tournament was held in Zagreb, Croatia from 25 to 30 April and the Group B tournament in Reykjavík, Iceland from 18 to 23 April 2022.

After the tournament was cancelled the two previous years due to the COVID-19 pandemic, all teams stayed put in their respective groups.

China won Group A and got promoted to Division IB, while Iceland won Group B and got promoted to Group A.

In order to fill each group of the World Championships back to their normal amount of teams, the IIHF made the decision following the tournament not to relegate Israel or Mexico, who finished last in Groups A and B respectively, but instead to promote the Netherlands and Georgia, the runners-up of each group.

2023 IIHF World Championship Division II
The 2023 IIHF World Championship Division II were two international ice hockey tournaments run by the International Ice Hockey Federation.

The Group A tournament was held in Madrid, Spain from 16 to 22 April and the Group B tournament in Istanbul, Turkey from 17 to 23 April 2023.

Spain won the Group A tournament and got promoted, while Iceland finished last, but Georgia was later disqualified by the IIHF and relegated. The United Arab Emirates won Group B and got promoted and Mexico was relegated.
Ancient Echoes Interpretive Centre
Ancient Echoes Interpretive Centre is a community-based museum and interpretive centre, founded in 1994, that educates, conserves, protects, and promotes the history, the peoples and the assets of the land forming the Eagle Creek Valley and Coal Mine Ravine located in Herschel, Saskatchewan, Canada.

Dolichorhynchops
Dolichorhynchops is an extinct genus of polycotylid plesiosaur from the Late Cretaceous of North America, containing the species D. osborni and D. herschelensis, with two previous species having been assigned to new genera. Definitive specimens of D. osborni have been found in the late Coniacian to early Campanian rocks, while those of D. herschelensis have been found in the late Campanian to early Maastrichtian rocks. Dolichorhynchops was a relatively small plesiosaur, measuring around 3 metres (9.8 ft) long. Its Greek generic name means "long-nosed face".
State Highway 2 (Rajasthan)
State Highway 2 (RJ SH 2) is a State Highway in Rajasthan state of India that connects  Dausa district of Rajasthan with Kuchaman in Nagaur district of Rajasthan. The total length of RJ SH 2 is 210 km.

Nagaur district
Nagaur district is one of the 41 districts of the state of Rajasthan in western India. Panchayati Raj was introduced here. It is the fifth largest district in Rajasthan and the area of the district is 17,718 km2 (6,841 sq mi). The city of Nagaur is the district headquarters. Nagaur district is located in central region of Rajasthan.
Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse
Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse is an American television anthology series produced by Desilu Productions. The show ran on the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) between 1958 and 1960. Three of its 48 episodes served as pilots for the 1950s television series The Twilight Zone (one episode) and The Untouchables (two episodes).

Richard Keith (actor)
Keith Thibodeaux (born December 1, 1950), also known as Richard Keith, is an American actor and musician, best known for playing Little Ricky on the television sitcoms I Love Lucy and The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour. He was billed as Richard Keith because his Cajun French last name, "Thibodeaux", was considered too hard to pronounce by producer Desi Arnaz. He is the last living regular appearing cast member from I Love Lucy.
Jonathan Otley
Jonathan Otley (19 January 1766 — 7 December 1856) was a self-taught English geologist whose detailed observations in the English Lake District set the foundations  for the study of that area's geology.

Adam Sedgwick
Adam Sedgwick FRS (/ˈsɛdʒwɪk/; 22 March 1785 – 27 January 1873) was a British geologist and Anglican priest, one of the founders of modern geology.  He proposed the Cambrian and Devonian period of the geological timescale. Based on work which he did on Welsh rock strata, he proposed the Cambrian period in 1835, in a joint publication in which Roderick Murchison also proposed the Silurian period.  Later in 1840, to resolve what later became known as the Great Devonian Controversy about rocks near the boundary between the Silurian and Carboniferous periods, he and Murchison proposed the Devonian period.

Though he had guided the young Charles Darwin in his early study of geology and continued to be on friendly terms, Sedgwick was an opponent of Darwin's theory of evolution by means of natural selection.

He strongly opposed the admission of women to the University of Cambridge, in one conversation describing aspiring female students as "nasty forward minxes."
Spence Shale
The Spence Shale is the middle member of the Langston Formation in southeastern Idaho and northeastern Utah. It is exposed in the Bear River Range, the Wasatch Range and the Wellsville Mountains. It is known for its abundant Cambrian trilobites and the preservation of Burgess Shale-type fossils.

The type locality is Spence Gulch in southeastern Idaho, near the town of Liberty. It was first described by Charles Doolittle Walcott in 1908.

Treptichnus
Treptichnus is a genus of trace fossils (with modern analogues) representing a three-dimensional burrow. These fossil traces are known from marine, brackish, and freshwater deposits from the Ediacaran (550 million years ago) to the Upper Oligocene (24 mya).

Treptichnus represents the oldest known example of a complex, three-dimensional burrow. One of its ichnospecies, Treptichnus pedum, is of major paleontological importance as it defines the global boundary between the Ediacaran and Cambrian periods (539 mya).
Coppa Italia
Coppa Italia (lit. 'Italy Cup') is the annual domestic cup of Italian football. The knockout competition was organized by the DDS and the Lega Calcio until the 2009–10 season and by Lega Serie A ever since.

Juventus is the competition's most successful club with fifteen wins, followed by Roma and Inter Milan with nine. Juventus has contested the most finals with 22, followed by Roma with 17 finals. The holder can wear a cockade of Italy (Italian: coccarda), akin to the roundels that appear on military aircraft. The winner automatically qualifies for both the UEFA Europa League league phase and the Supercoppa Italiana the following year.

1926–27 Coppa Italia
The 1926–27 Coppa Italia was the second edition of the national domestic tournament cup in Italian football. The competition was played four years after the inaugural tournament in 1922. It was abandoned in round 32 due to lack of interest.