hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cruck
A cruck or crook frame is a curved timber, one of a pair, which support the roof of a building, historically used in England and Wales. This type of timber framing consists of long, generally naturally curved, timber members that lean inwards and form the ridge of the roof. These posts are then generally secured by a horizontal beam which then forms an "A" shape. Several of these "crooks" are constructed on the ground and then lifted into position. They are then joined together by either solid walls or cross beams which aid in preventing 'racking' (the action of each individual frame going out of square with the rest of the frame, and thus risking collapse).

Roof
A roof (pl.: roofs or (rarely) rooves) is the top covering of a building, including all materials and constructions necessary to support it on the walls of the building or on uprights, providing protection against rain, snow, sunlight, extremes of temperature, and wind. A roof is part of the building envelope.

The characteristics of a roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building that it covers, the available roofing materials and the local traditions of construction and wider concepts of architectural design and practice, and may also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries, a roof protects primarily against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.

A roof may also provide additional living space, for example, a roof garden.
Shipman Knotts
Shipman Knotts is a fell in the English Lake District in Cumbria, England. It reaches a height of 587 metres (1,926 ft) and is situated in one of the quieter areas of the national park, 2 kilometres (1+1⁄4 miles) north-east of Kentmere village. Although not one of the best-known Lake District fells (and strictly speaking it is just the southern shoulder of Kentmere Pike), it earned a separate chapter in Alfred Wainwright’s Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells due to “Its characteristic roughness . . . rocky outcrops are everywhere on its steep slopes”.

Kentmere
Kentmere is a valley, village and civil parish in the Lake District National Park, a few miles from Kendal in the Westmorland and Furness district of Cumbria, England. Historically in Westmorland, at the 2011 census Kentmere had a population of 159. The current lord of the manor is American philanthropist Terry A. Perkins.
Progress, British Columbia
Progress is an unincorporated community in the Peace River Country of British Columbia, Canada.  It is located on the British Columbia Railway line (now Canadian National Railway where it crosses the John Hart Highway.

Peace River Country
The Peace River Country (or Peace Country; French: Région de la Rivière-de-la-paix) is an aspen parkland region centring on the Peace River in Canada. It extends from northwestern Alberta to the Rocky Mountains in northeastern British Columbia, where a certain portion of the region is also referred to as the Peace River Block.
Heisenberg picture
In physics, the Heisenberg picture or Heisenberg representation is a formulation (largely due to Werner Heisenberg in 1925) of quantum mechanics in which observables incorporate a dependency on time, but the states are time-independent. It stands in contrast to the Schrödinger picture in which observables are constant and the states evolve in time.

It further serves to define a third, hybrid picture, the interaction picture.

Observable
In physics, an observable is a physical property or physical quantity that can be measured. In classical mechanics, an observable is a real-valued "function" on the set of all possible system states, e.g., position and momentum. In quantum mechanics, an observable is described by a linear operator. 
For example, these operators might represent submitting the system to various electromagnetic fields and eventually reading a value.

Physically meaningful observables must also satisfy transformation laws that relate observations performed by different observers in different frames of reference. These transformation laws are automorphisms of the state space, that is bijective transformations that preserve certain mathematical properties of the space in question.
Teguldetsky District
Teguldetsky District  (Russian: Тегульде́тский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the sixteen in Tomsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast and borders Verkhneketsky District in the north, Krasnoyarsk Krai in the east, Kemerovo Oblast in the south, and Zyryansky and Pervomaysky Districts in the west. The area of the district is 12,271.1 square kilometers (4,737.9 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Teguldet. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 6,937, with the population of Teguldet accounting for 63.2% of that number.

Zyryansky District
Zyryansky District  (Russian: Зыря́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the sixteen in Tomsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast. The area of the district is 3,966 square kilometers (1,531 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Zyryanskoye. Population: 13,179 (2010 Census);  16,052 (2002 Census); 18,549 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Zyryanskoye accounts for 42.7% of the district's total population.
Sealed Knot
The Sealed Knot was a secret Royalist association which plotted for the Restoration of the monarchy during the English Interregnum. The group was commissioned by King Charles II between November 1653 and February 1654 from his exile in Paris for the purpose of coordinating underground Royalist activity in England and preparing for a general uprising against the Protectorate.

Interregnum (England)
The Interregnum was the period between the execution of Charles I on 30 January 1649 and the arrival of his son Charles II in London on 29 May 1660, which marked the start of the Restoration. During the Interregnum, England was under various forms of republican government.
VPB-121
VPB-121 was a Patrol Bombing Squadron of the U.S. Navy. The squadron was established as Patrol Squadron 19 (VP-19) on 1 October 1937, redesignated Patrol Squadron 43 (VP-43) on 1 July 1939, redesignated Patrol Squadron 81 (VP-81) on 1 July 1941, redesignated Patrol Bombing Squadron 121 (VPB-121) on 1 October 1944 and disestablished on 1 June 1946.

Consolidated PBY Catalina
The Consolidated Model 28, more commonly known as the PBY Catalina (U.S. Navy designation), is an American flying boat and amphibious aircraft designed by Consolidated Aircraft in the 1930s and 1940s. In U.S. Army service, it was designated as the OA-10 and in Canadian service as the Canso, and it later received the NATO reporting name Mop. It was one of the most widely used seaplanes of World War II. Catalinas served with every branch of the United States Armed Forces and in the air forces and navies of many other nations.  The last military PBYs served until the 1980s.
2023 Jiangxi Open
The 2023 Jiangxi Open was a women's professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 7th edition of the event, and part of the WTA 250 tournaments of the 2023 WTA Tour. It took place in Nanchang, China, from 16 to 22 October 2023. This was the first edition of the tournament held since 2019, as the intervening editions were canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in China.

Jiangxi International Women's Tennis Open
The Jiangxi Open is a tournament for professional female tennis players. Since 2024 the event is held in Jiujiang, China on outdoor hardcourts. For the first two years, it was a WTA 125K series level event. However, beginning in 2016, it became one of the main WTA Tour-level tournaments under the International classification.

It was previously held at the Nanchang International Tennis Center in Nanchang, Jiangxi province, China. It was also part of the China Open Series. The best performance of Chinese players in women's singles used to receive a wildcard from the China Open.
September 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Sep. 17 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - Sep. 19

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on October 1 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For September 18th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on September 5.

Eustorgius I
Eustorgius I (Italian: Eustorgio) was bishop of Milan from 343 to about 349. He is honoured as a Saint in both the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. His feast day is on the September 18.
Brand India
Brand India is a phrase used to describe the campaign India is using to attract business. Basically the campaign is to project the attractiveness of India as an emerging destination for business in the fields of service sector, manufacturing, information technology, infrastructure, information technology enabled services, etc. The campaign uses both India as market for products and services as well as a destination for investment. The federal government is spearheading the campaign.

Amongst the leading organizations working on building Brand India is India Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF), an initiative of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India. It aims to effectively present the India business perspective and leverage business partnerships in a globalising marketplace.  IBEF regularly tracks government announcements in policy, foreign investment, macroeconomic indicators and business trends.

India Brand Equity Foundation
India Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF) is a Trust established by the Department of Commerce, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India. IBEF's primary objective is to promote and create international awareness of the Made in India label in markets overseas and to facilitate the dissemination of knowledge of Indian products and services. Towards this objective, IBEF works closely with stakeholders across government and industry.

IBEF works as the branding and communication partner for India's participation at various global trade exhibitions. IBEF also manages onsite branding, media advertisements, public relations, Digital marketing, publishing reports and knowledge kits.
Stochastic grammar
A stochastic grammar (statistical grammar) is a grammar framework with a probabilistic notion of grammaticality:

Stochastic context-free grammar

Statistical parsing

Data-oriented parsing

Hidden Markov model (or stochastic regular grammar)

Estimation theory

The grammar is realized as a language model. Allowed sentences are stored in a database together with the frequency how common a sentence is. Statistical natural language processing uses stochastic, probabilistic and statistical methods, especially to resolve difficulties that arise because longer sentences are highly ambiguous when processed with realistic grammars, yielding thousands or millions of possible analyses. Methods  for disambiguation often involve the use of corpora and Markov models.  "A probabilistic model consists of a non-probabilistic model plus some numerical quantities; it is not true that probabilistic models are inherently simpler or less structural than non-probabilistic models."

Data-oriented parsing
Data-oriented parsing (DOP, also data-oriented processing) is a probabilistic model in computational linguistics. DOP was conceived by Remko Scha in 1990 with the aim of developing a performance-oriented grammar framework. Unlike other probabilistic models, DOP takes into account all subtrees contained in a treebank rather than being restricted to, for example, 2-level subtrees (like PCFGs), thus allowing for more context-sensitive information.

Several variants of DOP have been developed. The initial version developed by Rens Bod in 1992 was based on tree-substitution grammar, while more recently, DOP has been combined with lexical-functional grammar (LFG). The resulting DOP-LFG finds an application in machine translation. Other work on learning and parameter estimation for DOP has also found its way into machine translation.
Penciller
A penciller (or penciler) is an artist who works on the creation of comic books, graphic novels, and similar visual art forms, with a focus on the initial pencil illustrations.

In the American comic book industry, the penciller is the first step in rendering the story in visual form, and may require several steps of feedback with the writer. These artists are concerned with layout (positions and vantages on scenes) to showcase steps in the plot.

Lightbox
A lightbox is most commonly a translucent surface illuminated from behind, used for situations where a shape laid upon the surface needs to be seen with high contrast.  A lightbox is also a blocked-off area of an overhanging roof, as over an extended eve, added to allow light to pass through.
If You Gotta Make a Fool of Somebody
"If You Gotta Make a Fool of Somebody" is a song written by Rudy Clark and first recorded by James Ray in 1961. Ray's recording on the Caprice label, arranged by Hutch Davie and produced by Gerry Granahan, reached number 10 on the US Billboard R&B chart and number 22 on the Hot 100 in early 1962.

The Cavern Club
The Cavern Club is a music venue on Mathew Street, Liverpool, England.

The Cavern Club opened on 16 January 1957 as a jazz club, later becoming a centre of the rock and roll scene in Liverpool in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The club became closely associated with Merseybeat and regularly played host to the Beatles in their early years.

The Cavern Club closed in 1973 and was filled in during construction work on the Merseyrail underground rail loop. It reopened in 1984. It was temporarily closed again from 1989 to 1991, and has been open ever since.
Gmina Lgota Wielka
Gmina Lgota Wielka is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Lgota Wielka, which lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) north-west of Radomsko and 72 km (45 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 63.08 square kilometres (24.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,472.

Radomsko
Radomsko (pronounced [raˈdɔmskɔ] ⓘ) is a city in south-central Poland with 44,700 inhabitants (2021). It is situated on the Radomka river in the Łódź Voivodeship. It is the county seat of Radomsko County.

Founded in the 11th century, Radomsko is a former royal city located within the Sieradz Land, which prospered as a trade center due to its location at the intersection of important trade routes. In the 14th century, it was the site of congresses at which Princess Jadwiga of Poland was chosen as Queen of Poland as the country's first female monarch. Due to particularly strong partisan resistance against German occupiers during World War II, it was dubbed Banditenstadt ("City of Bandits") by the Germans.

It is located on the main railway line connecting Warsaw and Katowice, the country's two largest metropolitan areas, and on the main highway connecting Gdańsk and Łódź with Katowice, part of the European route E75.
Heterodontosauridae
Heterodontosauridae is a family of ornithischian dinosaurs that were likely among the most basal (primitive) members of the group. Their phylogenetic placement is uncertain but they are most commonly found outside of the group Genasauria. Although their fossils are relatively rare and their group small in numbers, they have been found on all continents except Australia and Antarctica, with a range spanning the Early Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous.

Heterodontosaurids were fox-sized dinosaurs less than 2 metres (6.6 feet) in length, including a long tail. They are known mainly for their characteristic teeth, including enlarged canine-like tusks and cheek teeth adapted for chewing, analogous to those of Cretaceous hadrosaurids. Their diet was herbivorous or possibly omnivorous.

Sauropodomorpha
Sauropodomorpha (/ˌsɔːrəˌpɒdəˈmɔːrfə/ SOR-ə-POD-ə-MOR-fə; from Greek, meaning "lizard-footed forms") is an extinct clade of saurischian dinosaurs that includes the long-necked, herbivorous sauropods and their ancestral relatives. Early, more basal sauropodomorphs (traditionally termed prosauropods) were bipedal, and the earliest show evidence of omnivorous or carnivorous diets. Over time, sauropodomorph evolution resulted in a shift to herbivorous diets, larger body sizes, and quadrupedal locomotion. The sauropods themselves generally grew to very large sizes, had long necks and tails, and became the largest animals to ever walk the Earth. The sauropods were the dominant terrestrial herbivores throughout much of the Mesozoic Era, from their origins in the Late Triassic (approximately 230 Ma) until their decline and extinction at the end of the Cretaceous.
Sibyls (Raphael)
The Sibyls, or Sibyls receiving instruction from Angels, is a painting by the Italian renaissance artist Raphael. It was painted in 1514, as part of a commission Raphael had received from the Sienese banker Agostino Chigi to decorate the interior of Santa Maria della Pace in Rome.

The painting shows four Sibyls—Cumaean, Persian, Phrygian and Tiburtine—accompanied by attendant angels. Art historian Michael Hirst notes a "striking" parallel between the figures of the Sibyls and the practice sketches of Michelangelo.

Sibyl
The sibyls were prophetesses or oracles in Ancient Greece.

The sibyls prophesied at holy sites. 
A sibyl at Delphi has been dated to as early as the eleventh century BC by Pausanias when he described local traditions in his writings from the second century AD.
At first, there appears to have been only a single sibyl. By the fourth century BC, there appear to have been at least three more, Phrygian, Erythraean, and Hellespontine. By the first century BC, there were at least ten sibyls, located in Greece, Italy, the Levant, and Asia Minor.
Major Chandrakanth (1966 film)
Major Chandrakanth is a 1966 Indian Tamil-language drama film written and directed by K. Balachander. Based on his play of the same name, the film stars Major Sundarrajan, Nagesh, R. Muthuraman, A. V. M. Rajan and Jayalalithaa. Produced by A. V. Meiyappan of AVM Productions, it revolves around a retired and blind major who gives asylum to a fugitive wanted for committing murder, unaware that the victim was his younger son.

Major Chandrakanth was released on 11 November 1966, during Diwali. It became a commercial success, and won two Chennai Film Fans' Association Awards: Best Film, and Best Supporting Actor (Muthuraman). Sundarrajan, who portrayed the title role, later became popularly known with the prefix "Major".

M. Saravanan (producer)
Saravanan Surya Mani (1940 – 4 December 2025), also known as AVM Saravanan, was an Indian film producer of Tamil cinema. His production company is AVM Productions, which was founded in 1945 by his father, the famed director-producer A. V. Meiyappan, who is widely regarded as one of the pioneers of Tamil cinema.

Saravanan was involved in hits such as Naanum Oru Penn, Samsaram Adhu Minsaram, Sivaji: The Boss, Vettaikaran, Minsara Kanavu, Leader and Ayan. He was the father of M. S. Guhan, another producer of movies. Saravanan owned the AVM Studios in Chennai. As a producer he won two Filmfare Awards South. He also served as the Sheriff of Madras in 1986.

Saravanan died on 4 December 2025, at the age of 85. He had been suffering from health issues for a few years and was undergoing treatment intermittently.
United States District Court for the District of South Dakota
The United States District Court for the District of South Dakota (in case citations, D.S.D.) is the United States District Court or the Federal district court, whose jurisdiction for issues pertaining to federal law or diversity for the state of South Dakota.  The court is based in Sioux Falls with other courthouses in Rapid City, Pierre, and Aberdeen.  The district was created in 1889, when the Dakota Territory was divided into North and South Dakota.

Appeals from the District of South Dakota are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

The United States Attorney's Office for the District of South Dakota represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court. As of April 22, 2022 the  United States Attorney for the District of South Dakota is Allison J. Ramsdell.

Sioux Falls, South Dakota
Sioux Falls (/suː ˈfɔːlz/ soo FAWLZ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Minnehaha County and also extends into northern Lincoln County. The population was 192,517 at the 2020 census (estimated at 209,289 in 2024). The Sioux Falls metropolitan area, with an estimated 308,000 residents, accounts for more than one-third of South Dakota's population. Chartered in 1856 on the banks of the Big Sioux River, the city is situated in rolling hills at the junction of Interstates 29 and 90.
Yuki Tsubota
Yuki Tsubota (born February 3, 1994) is a Canadian freestyle skier of Japanese descent. She competed for Canada at the 2014 Winter Olympics in the slopestyle event. Tsubota crashed in the final run of the slopestyle event, suffering a concussion and broken cheekbone and finishing sixth. She competed in the slopestyle event in the 2018 Winter Olympics as well, again finishing in sixth place.

Slopestyle
Slopestyle is a winter sport in which athletes ski or snowboard down a course including a variety of obstacles including rails, jumps and other terrain park features. Points are scored for amplitude, originality and quality of tricks. The discipline has its roots in action sports like skateboarding and BMX and has very successfully crossed over into the snow sports worlds of skiing and snowboarding. Skiers use twin-tip skis for their symmetry since they often go large portions of the course backward (referred to as "switch") and for their balanced weight so as to not destabilize spins. Slopestyle tricks fall mainly into four categories: spins, grinds, grabs and flips, and most tricks done in competition are a combination of these.

Slopestyle is one of the freestyle disciplines, along with moguls, aerials, cross, big air and half-pipe.
Gmina Świercze
Gmina Świercze is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Pułtusk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Świercze, which lies approximately 22 kilometres (13 mi) west of Pułtusk and 52 km (32 mi) north-west of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 93.04 square kilometres (35.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,771 (4,740 in 2011).

Pułtusk
Pułtusk ([ˈpuu̯tusk]) is a town in Poland, by the river Narew. Located 70 kilometres (43 miles) north of Warsaw in the Masovian Voivodeship, it has a population of 19,224 as of 2023. Known for its historic architecture and Europe's longest paved marketplace (380 metres (1,250 ft) in length), it is a popular weekend destination for the residents of Warsaw.

Pułtusk is one of the oldest towns in Poland, having received town rights from Duke Siemowit I of Masovia in 1257. Throughout the 15th and 17th centuries, the settlement was a significant economic centre of Masovia. The favourable geographical placement of the town on the Narew, along which goods were transported to the port of Gdańsk on the Baltic Sea, contributed to the town's importance. Pułtusk was also the site of notable events, such as the Napoleon's 1806 battle, and the world's largest recorded meteorite shower to date in 1868, among others.