hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Geography of Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan is located in Central Asia, with a small portion in Eastern Europe. With an area of about 2,724,900 square kilometers (1,052,100 sq mi) Kazakhstan is the ninth largest country in the world, more than twice the combined size of the other four Central Asian states and 60% larger than Alaska. The country borders Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan to the south; Russia to the north; Russia and the Caspian Sea to the west; and China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region to the east.

Karagiye
Karagiye (Kazakh: Qaraqia; lit. "Black Jaw") is a 40 kilometres (25 mi)-long karst trench close to the Caspian Sea. At its lowest point at Vpadina Kaundy, it is approximately 134 metres (440 ft) below sea level. It is the lowest point in Central Asia, Kazakhstan, and the former Soviet Union. It is also known as the Karagiye Depression and Karagiye Mountain Trench.

The trench was formed as soluble limestone, dolomite and gypsum dissolved forming potholes, funnels and caves that eventually collapsed. Today the trench features many scarps and offsets and generates long rain clouds caused by the air rising above it. There is a vernal lake in the south-west of the trench and a stream rising from a drilled well that disappears back into the ground within the trench.

The trench is inhabited by mouflon, corsac, snakes, hares and vultures. It is the only place within the Mangyshlak Peninsula where mushrooms grow and these are collected by locals.
Transformer types
Various types of electrical transformer are made for different purposes. Despite their design differences, the various types employ the same basic principle as discovered in 1831 by Michael Faraday, and share several key functional parts.

Ferrite core
In electronics, a ferrite core is a type of magnetic core made of ferrite on which the windings of electric transformers and other wound components such as inductors are formed. It is used for its properties of high magnetic permeability coupled with low electrical conductivity (which helps prevent eddy currents). Moreover, because of its comparatively low losses at high frequencies, ferrite is extensively used for the cores of RF transformers and inductors in applications such as switched-mode power supplies and ferrite loopstick antennas for AM radio receivers.
Electron bifurcation
In biochemistry, electron bifurcation (EB) refers to a system that enables an unfavorable (endergonic) transformation by coupling to a favorable (exergonic) transformation.  Two electrons are involved: one flows to an acceptor with a "higher reduction potential and the other with a lower reduction potential" than the donor.  The process is suspected of being common in bioenergetics.

Two versions of EB are recognized.  One involves redox of quinones and the other involves flavins.  Quinones and flavins are cofactors that are capable of undergoing 2  e− – 2 proton redox.

A pervasive example of electron bifurcation is the Q cycle, which is part of the machinery that results in oxidative phosphorylation.  In that case one electron from ubiquinol is directed to a Rieske cluster and the other electron is directed to a cytochrome b.

Rieske protein
Rieske proteins are iron–sulfur protein (ISP) components of cytochrome bc1 complexes and cytochrome b6f complexes and are responsible for electron transfer in some biological systems. John S. Rieske and co-workers first discovered the protein and in 1964 isolated an acetylated form of the bovine mitochondrial protein. In 1979, Trumpower's team isolated the "oxidation factor" from bovine mitochondria and showed it was a reconstitutively-active form of the Rieske iron-sulfur protein.
It is a unique [2Fe-2S] cluster in that one of the two Fe atoms is coordinated by two histidine residues rather than two cysteine residues.  They have since been found in plants, animals, and bacteria with widely ranging electron reduction potentials from -150 to +400 mV.
Dorsum Thera
Dorsum Thera is a wrinkle ridge at 24°24′N 31°24′W﻿ / ﻿24.4°N 31.4°W﻿ / 24.4; -31.4 in Mare Imbrium on the Moon. It is approximately 7 km long.

NASA proposed the dorsum to be named in honour of Anthony Kontaratos' contribution to the space program (notably rescue of Apollo 13 mission). Nevertheless, Dr. Kontaratos asked for the dorsum to be named 'Thera', after his place of origin (Thera - also known as Santorini, Greece). It was named in 1976.

To the northeast are Courtney crater and Catena Yuri.  To the southwest is Mons Vinogradov.  The nearest prominent crater is Euler located to the south-southeast.

Courtney (crater)
Courtney is a tiny lunar impact crater on the Mare Imbrium, a lunar mare in the northwest quadrant of the Moon. It lies about two crater diameters to the northwest of Euler, in an otherwise isolated stretch of the mare. The dark surface in this region is marked by Euler's ray material. The name is an English male name.
Upemba National Park
Upemba National Park (French: Parc national d'Upemba) is a large national park in Haut-Lomami, Lualaba Province & Haut-Katanga Province (formerly in Katanga Province) of the southeastern Democratic Republic of Congo, formerly Zaire.

Katanga Province
Katanga was one of the four large provinces created in the Belgian Congo in 1914.
It was one of the eleven provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo between 1966 and 2015, when it was split into the Tanganyika, Haut-Lomami, Lualaba, and Haut-Katanga provinces. Between 1971 and 1997 (during the rule of Mobutu Sese Seko when Congo was known as Zaire), its official name was Shaba Province.

Katanga's area encompassed 497,000 square kilometres (192,000 sq mi). Farming and ranching are carried out on the Katanga Plateau. The eastern part of the province is a rich mining region which supplies cobalt, copper, tin, radium, uranium, and diamonds. The region's former capital, Lubumbashi, is the second-largest city in the Congo.
Consultus Fortunatianus
Consultus Fortunatianus, also known as C. Chirius Fortunatianus, was a Latin Christian rhetor who lived in the 4th–5th century AD, perhaps of African ancestry. He wrote an Ars rhetorica, in three books. This work was published before 435, since it was used by Martianus Capella. One of the manuscripts (Cod. Bodmer 146, 10th century) was owned by Petrarch, who studied and commented on it with many glossa.

Martianus Capella
Martianus Minneus Felix Capella (fl. c. 410–420) was a jurist, polymath and Latin prose writer of late antiquity, one of the earliest developers of the system of the seven liberal arts that structured early medieval education. He was a native of Madaura.

His single encyclopedic work, De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii ("On the Marriage of Philology and Mercury"), also called  De septem disciplinis ("On the seven disciplines"), is an elaborate didactic allegory written in a mixture of prose and elaborately allusive verse.

Martianus often presents philosophical views based on Neoplatonism, the Platonic school of philosophy pioneered by Plotinus and his followers.

Like his near-contemporary Macrobius, who also produced a major work on classical Roman religion, Martianus never directly identifies his own religious affiliation. Much of his work occurs in the form of dialogue, and the views of the interlocutors may not represent the author's own.
HD 90853
HD 90853 is a single star in the southern constellation Carina. It has the Bayer designation s Carinae, while HD 90853 is the identifier from the Henry Draper catalogue. This is a suspected variable star with an apparent visual magnitude reported to vary between 3.79 and 3.83, and thus is bright enough to be visible to the naked eye. It is located at a distance of approximately 1,340 light-years from the Sun based on parallax, and has an absolute magnitude of −4.44. The star is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +9 km/s.

This is an aging bright giant or supergiant star that has been assigned stellar classifications of F2II and F0Ib, respectively. It has seven times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to 45 times the Sun's radius. It is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 22 km/s. The star is radiating 3,466 times the luminosity of the Sun from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 6,598 K.

Carina (constellation)
Carina (/kəˈraɪnə, kəˈriːnə/ kə-RY-nə, -⁠REE-) is a constellation in the southern sky. Its name is Latin for the keel of a ship, and it was the southern foundation of the larger constellation of Argo Navis (the ship Argo) until it was divided into three pieces, the other two being Puppis (the poop deck), and Vela (the sails of the ship).
German Reunification Transport Projects
The German Reunification Transport Projects or German Unity Transport Projects (German: Verkehrsprojekte Deutsche Einheit), commonly known by their German initials VDE, are a set of major construction projects to increase and improve transport links between Eastern and Western Germany after German reunification. These projects are planned to positively impact regional development and infrastructure in the new federal states and across the inner German border.

Bundesautobahn 10
Bundesautobahn 10 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 10, short form Autobahn 10, abbreviated as BAB 10 or A 10) is an orbital motorway around the German capital city of Berlin.  Colloquially called Berliner Ring (Berlin Beltway), it is predominantly located in the state of Brandenburg, with a short stretch of 5 km (3 miles) in Berlin itself. It should not be confused with the Berliner Stadtring (Bundesautobahn 100) around Berlin's inner city.

With a total length of 196 km (122 miles), the BAB 10 is the longest orbital in continental Europe (Route 1 in Iceland is 1,322 km (821 mi)). The BAB 10 is 8 km (5 miles) longer than the M25 motorway around London.
Charles Samaran
Charles Samaran (28 October 1879 – 15 October 1982) was a 20th-century French historian and archivist, who was born in Cravencères (in the Gers) and died at Nogaro (also in the Gers), shortly before his 103rd birthday.

Gers
Gers (French pronunciation: [ʒɛʁ(s)]; Occitan: Gers or Gerç, [dʒɛɾs]) is a department in the region of Occitania, Southwestern France. Gers is bordered by the departments of Hautes-Pyrénées and Pyrénées-Atlantiques to the south, Haute-Garonne and Tarn-et-Garonne to the east, Lot-et-Garonne to the north and Landes to the west. Named after the Gers River, its inhabitants are called the Gersois and Gersoises in French. In 2019, it had a population of 191,377.
1942 Michigan Wolverines football team
The 1942 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1942 Big Ten Conference football season. The 1942 team compiled a record of 7–3 and was ranked No. 9 in the final Associated Press poll. The team's line that included Albert Wistert, Merv Pregulman, Julius Franks (U-M's first African-American All-American), Elmer Madar, Robert Kolesar, Bill Pritula and Philip Sharpe and was known as the "Seven Oak Posts."

Robert Kolesar
Robert C. Kolesar (April 5, 1921 – January 13, 2004) was an American football player and medical doctor. He played at the guard position for the University of Michigan from 1940 to 1942 and for the Cleveland Browns in 1946 after a stint in the U.S. Army during World War II. While playing at Michigan, he was part of a line that was known as the "Seven Oak Posts".

Kolesar retired from professional football after one season to pursue a medical career, and later established a practice in Saginaw, Michigan. He died in 2004.
1899 LSU Tigers football team
The 1899 LSU Tigers football team represented the LSU Tigers of Louisiana State University during the 1899 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. New coach John P. Gregg led the Tigers to a 1–4 season. The only wins were in an exhibition game against a high school team (which LSU does not officially record as a win) and against rival, Tulane.  It was the first year of play for LSU's second five-year letterman, John J. Coleman (1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903).

1899 Tulane Olive and Blue football team
The 1899 Tulane Olive and Blue football team was an American football team that represented Tulane University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) during the 1899 college football season. In their first year under head coach Harris T. Collier, the team compiled an overall record of 0–6–1.
Criticism of Mormon sacred texts
The standard works of Mormonism—the largest denomination of which is the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church)—have been the subject of various criticisms. Latter-day Saints believe the Book of Mormon is a sacred text with the same divine authority as the Bible; both are considered complementary to each other. Other Mormon sacred texts include the Pearl of Great Price and Doctrine and Covenants, which are also recognized as scripture. Religious and scholarly critics outside Mormonism have disputed Mormonism's unique scriptures, questioning the traditional narrative of how these books came to light and the extent to which they describe actual events. Critics cite research in history, archeology, and other disciplines to support their contentions.

Jerald and Sandra Tanner
Jerald Dee Tanner (June 1, 1938 – October 1, 2006) and Sandra McGee Tanner (born January 14, 1941) are American writers and researchers who publish archival and evidential materials about the history of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). The Tanners founded the Utah Lighthouse Ministry (UTLM), whose stated mission is "to document problems with the claims of Mormonism and compare LDS doctrines with Christianity". As of 2025 Sandra Tanner continues to operate the ministry after Jerald's death in 2006. The physical Lighthouse Ministry bookstore closed in 2023.

The Tanners, who are ex-Mormon,: 38  printed original versions of early Mormon writings and scripture in which they annotated and highlighted doctrinal changes, such as the rejection of Brigham Young's "Adam–God doctrine". They jointly published more than 40 books about many aspects of the LDS Church, primarily its history.: 38
Hexagonal architecture (software)
The hexagonal architecture, or ports and adapters architecture, is an architectural pattern used in software design. It aims at creating loosely coupled application components that can be easily connected to their software environment by means of ports and adapters. This makes components exchangeable at any level and facilitates test automation.

Use case
In both software and systems engineering, a use case is a structured description of a system’s behavior as it responds to requests from external actors, aiming to achieve a specific goal. The term is also used outside software/systems engineering to describe how something can be used.

In software (and software-based systems) engineering, it is used to define and validate functional requirements. A use case is a list of actions or event steps typically defining the interactions between a role (known in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) as an actor) and a system to achieve a goal. The actor can be a human or another external system. In systems engineering, use cases are used at a higher level than within software engineering, often representing missions or stakeholder goals. The detailed requirements may then be captured in the Systems Modeling Language (SysML) or as contractual statements.
Almost Always Never
Almost Always Never is the third studio album by British blues rock musician Joanne Shaw Taylor. Recorded at Radio Milk in Austin, Texas with producer Mike McCarthy, it was released on 17 September 2012 by Ruf Records. The album reached number 20 on the UK Independent Albums Chart and was Taylor's first album to top the UK Jazz & Blues Albums Chart.

Diamonds in the Dirt
Diamonds in the Dirt is the second studio album by British blues rock musician Joanne Shaw Taylor. Recorded at Bessie Blue Studios in Counce, Tennessee with producer Jim Gaines, it was released on 11 October 2010 by Ruf Records. The album reached number 34 on the UK Independent Albums Chart and number 13 on the UK Jazz & Blues Albums Chart.
Socio-analysis
Socio-analysis is the activity of exploration, consultancy, and action research which combines and synthesises methodologies and theories derived from psychoanalysis, group relations, social systems thinking, organisational behaviour, and social dreaming.

Organizational behavior
Organizational behavior or organisational behaviour (see spelling differences) is the "study of human behavior in organizational settings, the interface between human behavior and the organization, and the organization itself". Organizational behavioral research can be categorized in at least three ways:

individuals in organizations (micro-level)

work groups (meso-level)

how organizations behave (macro-level)

Chester Barnard recognized that individuals behave differently when acting in their organizational role than when acting separately from the organization. Organizational behavior researchers study the behavior of individuals primarily in their organizational roles. One of the main goals of organizational behavior research is "to revitalize organizational theory and develop a better conceptualization of organizational life".
Particle beam
A particle beam is a stream of charged or neutral particles other than photons. In particle accelerators, these particles can move with a velocity close to the speed of light. There is a difference between the creation and control of charged particle beams and neutral particle beams, as only the first type can be manipulated to a sufficient extent by devices based on electromagnetism. The manipulation and diagnostics of charged particle beams at high kinetic energies using particle accelerators are main topics of accelerator physics.

Electron gun
An electron gun (also called electron emitter) is an electrical component in some vacuum tubes that produces a narrow, collimated electron beam that has a precise kinetic energy.

The largest use is in cathode-ray tubes (CRTs), used in older television sets, computer displays and oscilloscopes, before the advent of flat-panel displays. Electron guns are also used in field-emission displays (FEDs), which are essentially flat-panel displays made out of rows of extremely small cathode-ray tubes. They are also used in microwave linear beam vacuum tubes such as klystrons, inductive output tubes, travelling-wave tubes, and gyrotrons, as well as in scientific instruments such as electron microscopes and particle accelerators.

Electron guns may be classified by the type of electric field generation (DC or RF), by emission mechanism (thermionic,  photocathode, cold emission, plasmas source), by focusing (pure electrostatic or with magnetic fields), or by the number of electrodes.
Thourio, Evros
Thourio (Greek: Θούριο) is a village in the northern part of the Evros regional unit, in Greece. Thourio belongs to the municipality of Orestiada. It is located between Orestiada to the north and Didymoteicho to the south, about 4 km west of the river Evros, that forms the border with Turkey here. The nearest villages are Neo Cheimonio to the north and Sofiko to the south. Thourio lies 30 metres above sea level and is a lowland village with a fertile plain.

Didymoteicho
Didymoteicho (Greek: Διδυμότειχο, romanized: Didymóteicho IPA: [ðiðiˈmotixo]) is a town located on the eastern edge of the Evros regional unit of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, in northeastern Greece. It is the seat of the municipality of the same name. The town (pop. 8,681 in 2021) sits on a plain and located south east of Svilengrad, south of Edirne, Turkey and Orestiada, west of Uzunköprü, Turkey, about 20 km north of Soufli and about 90 km north of Alexandroupoli. The municipality of Didymóteicho has a land area of 565.4 km2 and a population of 16,060 inhabitants.
Transport in Beijing
Beijing, as the capital and one of the four municipalities of the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a transport hub, with a sophisticated network of roads, railways and two major airports. Six completed ring roads encircle the city with nine expressways heading in virtually all compass directions, supplemented by eleven China National Highways.

Transport in the capital is overseen by the Beijing Municipal Commission of Transport.

Daxing, Beijing
Daxing District (Chinese: 大兴区; pinyin: Dàxīng Qū) is a district of Beijing, covering the southern suburbs of the city. It borders the Beijing districts of Tongzhou to the east/northeast, Fangshan to the west, Fengtai to the northwest, Chaoyang to the northeast, and the Hebei province to the south.
Yang Mingxuan
Yang Mingxuan (Chinese: 杨明轩; 1891 – August 22, 1967) was a Chinese politician who served as a vice chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and the chairman of the China Democratic League.

Vice Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
The vice chairpersons of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress are deputies to the chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, responsible for assisting the chairman in his work.

The vice chairpersons are formally nominated by the Presidium of the NPC during a session and approved by the delegations of the NPC, though in reality are chosen within the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The chairman, vice chairpersons and the secretary-general of the NPCSC collectively constitute the Council of Chairpersons. A vice chairperson may be delegated to exercise some of the chairman's powers by the chairman. In the case that the chairman becomes incapacitated, NPCSC temporarily elects one of the vice chairpersons until the chairman is able to resume their work or a new chairman is elected by the NPC. Since 1982, vice chairpersons are appointed for a term of five years, and cannot serve for more than two terms.
Mead High School (Colorado)
Mead High School is a high school in Longmont, Colorado, United States operated by St. Vrain Valley School District. The school opened in 2009, with only freshmen and sophomores. It then expanded to include juniors in 2010 and seniors in 2011, graduating its first senior class in spring 2012.

Longmont, Colorado
Longmont is a home rule city located in Boulder and Weld counties, Colorado, United States. Its population was 98,885 as of the 2020 U.S. census.  Longmont is located northeast of the county seat of Boulder. It is named after Longs Peak, a prominent mountain that is clearly visible from the city (mont means "mountain" in French).
Commercial broadcasting
Commercial broadcasting (also called private broadcasting) is the broadcasting of television programs and radio programming by privately owned corporate media, as opposed to state sponsorship, for example. It was the United States' first model of radio (and later television) during the 1920s, in contrast with the public television model during the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, which prevailed worldwide, except in the United States, Mexico, and Brazil, until the 1980s.

Viaplay Group
Viaplay Group AB, formerly known as Nordic Entertainment Group AB (NENT Group), is a Swedish media and entertainment company headquartered in Stockholm.

The company operates the video streaming services Viaplay, advertising-funded TV and radio channels, as well as the studio production company Viaplay Studios. Viaplay Group was founded in 2018 as a spinoff from MTG. Viaplay Group's first day as a publicly traded company was on 28 March 2019 listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange.