hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kentucky Route 11
Kentucky Route 11 (KY 11) is an American highway maintained by the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet that runs from Maysville to Barbourville. The route from Maysville to Mount Sterling is being upgraded on a new alignment as part of a "macro-corridor" within the state of Kentucky.

Fleming County, Kentucky
Fleming County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,082.  Its county seat is Flemingsburg. The county was formed in 1798 and named for Colonel John Fleming, an Indian fighter and early settler. It is a moist county.
In 1998, the Kentucky General Assembly designated Fleming County as the Covered Bridge Capital of Kentucky.
Blind nationalism
Blind nationalism is extreme nationalism such as Nazism, Fascism and chauvinism. It is primarily a platform for familial militarism, love of personality cults, classism, pride for national symbolism, origin and founding myths, and Saints. It is similar to the disdain in expansionist nationalism towards all foreign nations and outsiders. A noteworthy exception is many nationalists believe in peace through marriage between social groups. It is the nationalism "which does not allow the rational nature of the human mind to assert itself".

It was used to explain the totalitarian and authoritarian regimes in the Interwar period, which eventually led to World War II. The term is sometimes associated with American expansionism.

Expansionist nationalism
Expansionist nationalism, is an aggressive radical form of nationalism or ethnic nationalism (ethnonationalism) that incorporates autonomous, heightened ethnic consciousness and patriotic sentiments with atavistic fears and hatreds focused on "other" or foreign peoples, framing a belief in expansion or recovery of formerly owned territories through militaristic means.
Giannis Kalitzakis
Giannis Kalitzakis (Greek: Γιάννης Καλιτζάκης; born 10 February 1966) is a former Greek professional footballer who played as a center back. His nickname was "The Ninja" due to his hard acrobatic tackles and very strong defensive style. He is currently the general manager at Panathinaikos B.

Greek Football Cup
The Greek Football Cup (Greek: Ελληνικό Κύπελλο Ποδοσφαίρου), officially known as Betsson Greek Cup (Greek: Κύπελλο Ελλάδας Betsson) for sponsorship reasons is a Greek association football competition, run by the HFF.

The Greek Cup is the second-most important domestic men's football event in Greece, after the championship of Super League. Since its inception in 1931 it has been held 83 times, with a cup winner being crowned on 82 occasions, the final in 1962 being the only occasion when no champion was crowned.

Olympiacos is the most successful club, having reached the final 43 times and earning 29 trophies.
Georgie Cupidon
Georgie Winsley Cupidon (born 10 November 1981) is a badminton player from Seychelles. He competed in badminton at the 2008 Summer Olympics in the mixed doubles with Juliette Ah-Wan and they were defeated in the first round by Robert Mateusiak and Nadieżda Kostiuczyk. He carried the national flag at the 2008 Summer Olympics opening ceremony. Together with Ah-Wan, he won the gold medals at the 2006 and 2007 African Championships, also at the 2007 All-Africa Games. He competed in four consecutive Commonwealth Games from 2002 to 2014.

Nadieżda Zięba
Nadieżda "Nadia" Zięba (Polish pronunciation: [naˈdjɛʐda ˈʑɛmba]; née Kostiuczyk; born 21 May 1984) is a Polish retired badminton player of Belarusian origin. She won the mixed doubles gold medal at the 2012 European Championships. Zięba was three times mixed doubles quarter finalists in the badminton at the Summer Olympics.
Pearl of Csaba
Pearl of Csaba (Csabagyöngye in Hungarian) is a white variety of grape. It was created in 1904 by the Hungarian viticulturalist Adolf Stark, presumably by crossing Madeleine Angevine × Muscat Courtillier (= Muscat Précoce de Saumur). Some sources instead state the parent varieties as Bronner x Muscat Ottonel, but this is seen as less likely. The variety's name was taken from the city Békéscsaba, which is also called Csaba for short.

Pearl of Csaba is primarily used as a table grape. Worldwide cultivation is estimated to be around 2,000 hectares (4,900 acres), and it is primarily found in Romania, Hungary and Bulgaria.

Madeleine Angevine
Madeleine Angevine is a white wine grape from the Loire Valley in France that is also popular in Germany, Kyrgyzstan and Washington state. As of 2026, the grape has also been used widely in viticulture in the United Kingdom (including Scotland) and Ireland. The early-ripening grape is a cross between Madeleine Royale and Malingre Précoce grapes that grows well in cooler climates. Madeleine Angevine makes an attractive fruity wine with a flowery nose, similar to an Alsatian Pinot blanc. It is crisp, acid and dry and pairs particularly well with seafoods such as crab and oyster.

Madeleine Angevine was crossed with Silvaner Geilweilerhof to make the Noblessa and Forta grapes. It was crossed with Traminer to make the Comtessa grape.

In Washington State, the grape has developed a cult following in the Puget Sound region for its floral character and easy-drinking nature.
Culcua
Culcua is a genus of flies in the family Stratiomyidae. that are found only in the Indomalayan realm. About eleven species have been described. They have a disc-shaped flagellum to the antenna and have a arista or hair arising from it. The scutellum typically has four strong spines and the abdomen is nearly spherical

Stratiomyidae
The soldier flies (Stratiomyidae, sometimes misspelled as Stratiomyiidae, from Greek στρατιώτης - soldier; μυια - fly) are a family of flies (historically placed in the now-obsolete group Orthorrhapha). The family contains over 2,700 species in over 380 extant genera worldwide. Larvae are found in a wide array of locations, mostly in wetlands, damp places in soil, sod, under bark, in animal excrement, and in decaying organic matter. Adults are found near larval habitats. They are diverse in size and shape, though they commonly are partly or wholly metallic green, or somewhat wasplike mimics, marked with black and yellow or green and sometimes metallic. They are often rather inactive flies which typically rest with their wings placed one above the other over the abdomen.

The Stratiomyinae are a subfamily that tend to have an affinity to aquatic environments.
2022 Saudari Cup
The 2022 Saudari Cup was contested between the women's national teams of Singapore and Malaysia from 8 to 10 July 2022. The series consisted of three Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) matches.

The Saudari Cup is an annual event between the two sides, which started in 2014, with Malaysia winning all of the previous editions, including the 2019 edition, which was the most recent edition prior to the 2022 tournament.

Malaysia again retained the trophy, with a 3–0 series win over their hosts.

2019 Saudari Cup
The 2019 Saudari Cup was contested between the women's national teams of Singapore and Malaysia from 28 to 30 August 2019 in Singapore.

The Saudari Cup is an annual event between the two sides, which started in 2014, with Malaysia winning all of the previous editions, including the most recent edition in 2018. The series consisted of three Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) matches, all being played at the Indian Association Ground in Singapore. Malaysia retained the title, sweeping the series 3–0.

This was the second edition of the event to have WT20I status following the International Cricket Council's decision to grant T20I status to all matches played between women's sides of Associate Members after 1 July 2018.
Don Geronimo
Michael L. Sorce (born September 18, 1958), better known by his stage name Don Geronimo, is an American radio personality formerly featured on the nationally syndicated radio talk show Don and Mike Show.

WLXE
WLXE is a radio station broadcasting on 1600 kHz in the medium wave AM band. Its studios and transmitters are located in Rockville, Maryland, and it serves the Washington metropolitan area. WLXE broadcasts music programming in the Spanish language. Its transmitter and antenna array are located off Hungerford Drive (Maryland Route 355), near the northern border of the city of Rockville. WLXE is under ownership of Multicultural Broadcasting.
Connor Swift
Connor Swift (born 30 October 1995) is an English racing cyclist, who rides for UCI WorldTeam Ineos Grenadiers.

Since turning professional, Swift has taken three wins in road racing – the 2018 British National Road Race Championships, the 2021 Tro-Bro Léon and the 2021 Tour Poitou-Charentes en Nouvelle-Aquitaine. In gravel racing, Swift has won a bronze medal at the 2023 UCI Gravel World Championships in Italy, and won the British National Championships in 2024.

British National Time Trial Championships
The British National Time Trial Championships for cycling are held annually. The winners of each event are awarded with a symbolic white cycling jersey featuring blue and red stripes, which can be worn by the rider at other time trial events in the country to show their status as national champion. The champion's stripes can be combined into a sponsored rider's team kit design for this purpose.
Ladyzhenskaya–Babuška–Brezzi condition
In numerical partial differential equations, the Ladyzhenskaya–Babuška–Brezzi (LBB) condition is a sufficient condition for a saddle point problem to have a unique solution that depends continuously on the input data. Saddle point problems arise in the discretization of Stokes flow and in the mixed finite element discretization of Poisson's equation. For positive-definite problems, like the unmixed formulation of the Poisson equation, most discretization schemes will converge to the true solution in the limit as the mesh is refined. For saddle point problems, however, many discretizations are unstable, giving rise to artifacts such as spurious oscillations. The LBB condition gives criteria for when a discretization of a saddle point problem is stable.

The condition is variously referred to as the LBB condition, the Babuška–Brezzi condition, or the "inf-sup" condition.

Numerical methods for partial differential equations
Numerical methods for partial differential equations is the branch of numerical analysis that studies the numerical solution of partial differential equations (PDEs).

In principle, specialized methods for hyperbolic, parabolic or elliptic partial differential equations exist.
Geordie songwriter aliases
Many Geordie songwriters used aliases, for whatever reason. This article lists many of these aliases, giving in some cases, where known, the real name, and in others, some of the songs or poems attributed to them.

France's Songs of the Bards of the Tyne - 1850
Songs of the Bards of the Tyne is a chapbook style songbook, giving the lyrics of local, now historical songs, with a few bits of other information. It was edited by Joseph Philip Robson and published by P. France & Co. in 1850.
Pönttövuori tunnel
The Pönttövuori tunnel is a rail tunnel under the Pönttövuori hill, on the Jyväskylä–Pieksämäki railway line, in Laukaa, central Finland, some 17 kilometres (11 mi) east of Jyväskylä.

The original, now disused, tunnel was completed in 1918, and is 1,223 metres (4,012 ft) in length. It cost slightly over 2m Finnish markka to build (c. EUR 3m in 2023 money). For several decades after its completion, it was the longest rail tunnel in Finland.

It was decommissioned in 1995, when a new tunnel opened alongside it, to allow taller, electrified trains to pass through; this tunnel is 1,429 metres (4,688 ft) in length.

Of these, only the newer tunnel is currently in use. The old one was sold by auction in 2024.

Laukaa
Laukaa (Finnish: [ˈlɑu̯kɑː]; Swedish: Laukas) is a municipality of Finland. It is located next to Jyväskylä and is part of the Central Finland region. The municipality has a population of 18,876 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 825.59 square kilometres (318.76 sq mi) of which 177.09 km2 (68.37 sq mi) is water.  The population density is 29.11 inhabitants per square kilometre (75.4/sq mi).

The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

The subject of Laukaa's coat of arms refers to the municipality's abundant coniferous forests and Laukaa's location in the heart of Finland. The explanation of the coat of arms is "a red heart in a silver field, from which grows a three-pronged green conifer." The coat of arms was designed by Olof Eriksson and approved by the Laukaa Municipal Council at its meeting on June 6, 1955. The Ministry of the Interior confirmed the use of the coat of arms on September 5 of the same year.
Adelges
Adelges is a genus of insects which feed on conifers. They have complex life cycles, some species feeding exclusively on spruce, others feeding on spruce and an alternate conifer. However, galls characteristic of each species are formed only on spruce. Six generations are usually needed to complete the 2-year cycle, and in the case of species having an alternate host, winged adults about 2 mm long are formed only in the generations that move from one host to the other.

The spruce gall adelgid (Adelges lariciatus Patch) occurs in alternate years on spruce and larch from Alberta to the Maritimes and in adjacent parts of the United States. The pale spruce gall adelgid (Adelges strobilobius Kaltenbach) has a similar range but prefers black spruce or red spruce to white spruce.

Species include:

Adelges abietis (Pineapple gall adelgid)

Adelges cooleyi (Gall adelgid)

Adelges piceae (Balsam woolly adelgid)

Adelges tsugae (Hemlock woolly adelgid)

Adelges viridanus

Gall adelgid
The gall adelgid (Adelges cooleyi) is an adelgid species that produces galls in spruce trees. They infect the new buds of native spruce trees in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains in the spring. They also attack blue spruce to a lesser degree. The insects complete two generations within the year. They require two different trees for its life cycle, the second being the Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir. They may also attack Sitka, Engelmann, or white spruce. The many different species of adelgids produce different galls on different spruce species.

The Cooley spruce gall adelgid (Adelges cooleyi Gillette) is mainly a western species that usually alternates between white spruce and Douglas fir. It is rare in eastern Canada. In Ontario, the galls are found mostly on Colorado spruce.
Advanced Combat Optical Gunsight
The Advanced Combat Optical Gunsight (ACOG) is a series of prismatic telescopic sights manufactured by Trijicon. The ACOG was originally designed to be used on the M16 rifle and M4 carbine, but Trijicon has also developed ACOG accessories for other firearms. Models provide fixed-power magnification levels from 1.25× to 6×. ACOG reticles are illuminated at night by an internal tritium phosphor. Some versions have an additional daytime reticle illumination via a passive external fiberoptic light pipe or are LED-illuminated using a dry battery. The first ACOG model, known as the TA01, was released in 1987.

Prism sight
A prism sight or prismatic sight, sometimes also called prism scope or prismatic scope, is a type of telescopic sight which uses a reflective prism for its image-erecting system, instead of the series of relay lenses found in traditional telescopic sights. The use of prisms makes it possible to construct a shorter and lighter sight, or with an offset between the eyepiece and objective axes, although restricting the achievable range of magnification.
Jevenstedt
Jevenstedt is a municipality in the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated approximately 8 km south of Rendsburg.

Jevenstedt is the seat of the Amt ("collective municipality") Jevenstedt.

Rendsburg
Rendsburg (German pronunciation: [ˈʁɛntsbʊʁk] ⓘ; Danish: Rendsborg, also Rensborg, Low German: Rendsborg, also Rensborg) is a town on the River Eider and the Kiel Canal in the central part of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is the capital of the Kreis (district) of Rendsburg-Eckernförde. As of 2006, it had a population of 28,476
Henry Fok
Henry Fok Ying Tung GBM (10 May 1923 – 28 October 2006) was an entrepreneur and politician in Hong Kong. From 1993 until his death, Fok served as Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He was one of the Hong Kong's wealthiest persons.

Grand Bauhinia Medal
The Grand Bauhinia Medal (Chinese: 大紫荊勳章) is the highest award under the Hong Kong honours and awards system;  it is to recognise the selected person's lifelong and highly significant contribution to the well-being of Hong Kong. The awardee is entitled to the postnominal letters GBM and the style The Honourable.  The award was created in 1997 to replace the British honours system, following the transfer of sovereignty to the People's Republic of China and the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The list was empty from 2003 to 2004. Bauhinia, Bauhinia blakeana, is the floral emblem of Hong Kong.
Ron Thornburgh
Ron E. Thornburgh, (born December 31, 1962, Burlingame, Kansas) was the 29th Secretary of State of Kansas. He was elected into his first term in 1994 and was subsequently re-elected in 1998, 2002, and 2006.

In July 2007, Thornburgh announced his intentions to explore a run for governor of Kansas in 2010 by appointing a state treasurer, which would allow him to begin raising money.  He said, "This is a game in which timing is everything. The time feels right for us right now, in that we've got great support around the state of Kansas".

He abandoned his plans for a gubernatorial candidacy after Senator Sam Brownback indicated he would run for the post in the 2010 election. In order to enter the private sector, Thornburgh resigned as Secretary of State of Kansas on February 15, 2010. Democratic Governor Mark Parkinson, a former Republican, appointed Democrat Chris Biggs to the position for the remainder of Thornburgh's term.

Secretary of State of Kansas
The secretary of state of Kansas is one of the constitutional officers of the U.S. state of Kansas. The current secretary of state is the former speaker pro tempore of the Kansas House of Representatives, Scott Schwab, who was sworn in on January 14, 2019.
Calendula
Calendula (/kəˈlɛndjuːlə/) is a genus of about 15–20 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae that are often known as marigolds.: 771  They are native to Europe, North Africa, Macaronesia, West Asia and Western Himalayas and have their center of diversity in the Mediterranean Region. Other plants known as marigolds include corn marigold, desert marigold, marsh marigold, and plants of the genus Tagetes.

The genus name Calendula is a modern Latin diminutive of calendae, meaning "little calendar", "little clock" or possibly "little weather-glass". The common name "marigold", a contraction of "Mary's gold" used especially for Calendula officinalis, refers to the Virgin Mary. C. officinalis is the most commonly cultivated and used species, popular herbal and cosmetic products named "Calendula" invariably derive from it.

Calendula suffruticosa
Calendula suffruticosa is a species of herb in the family Asteraceae. It has a self-supporting growth form and broad leaves. Flowers are multipellated, and are usually yellow or orange in colour. Individuals can grow up to 40 cm (16 in).
Svetlana Medvedeva
Svetlana Vladimirovna Medvedeva (Russian: Светлана Владимировна Медведева, pronounced [svʲɪˈtlanə vlɐˈdʲimʲɪrəvnə mʲɪdˈvʲedʲɪvə]; née Linnik [Линник]; born 15 March 1965) is a Russian economist who was the First Lady of Russia from 2008 to 2012, as the wife of the then president and former prime minister Dmitry Medvedev.

First Lady of Russia
First Lady of the Russian Federation (Russian: Первая леди Российской Федерации, romanized: Pervaya ledi Rossiyskoy Federatsii) is the unofficial title given to the wife of the president of Russia.
The post is highly ceremonial. The first lady position is currently vacant, since the divorce of the current president Vladimir Putin and Lyudmila Putina in 2014.
1994 AT&T Challenge
The 1994 AT&T Challenge was an ATP men's tennis  tournament held in Atlanta, Georgia, United States that was part of the World Series of the 1994 ATP Tour. It was the tenth edition of the tournament and was held from April 25 through May 2, 1994. First-seeded Michael Chang won the singles title.

Verizon Tennis Challenge
The Verizon Tennis Challenge (ex Paine Webber Classic from 1984 in Boca Raton to 1987 in Orlando) was a Grand Prix tennis circuit and Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour affiliated men's tennis tournament played from 1984 to 2001. It was held in the United States, in Boca Raton, Florida in 1984, in Fort Myers, Florida in 1985 and 1986, in Orlando, Florida from 1987 to 1991, and at the Atlanta Athletic Club in what is now Johns Creek, Georgia from 1992 to 2001. The tournament was played on outdoor hard courts from 1985 to 1991 and on outdoor clay courts from 1992 to 2001.
Manoranjitham Nagaraj
Manoranjitham Nagaraj is an Indian politician, was a chairman of Krishnagiri and was a member of the 14th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Uthangarai constituency. She represented the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party. She was re-elected in the elections of 2016.

14th Tamil Nadu Assembly
The Fourteenth Assembly of Tamil Nadu was constituted after the victory of All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) and allies, in the 2011 state assembly election. J. Jayalalithaa became the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu due to the election. She was sworn in as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for the third time.
Pontiac straight-8 engine
The Pontiac straight-8 engine is an inline eight-cylinder automobile engine produced by Pontiac from 1933 to 1954. Introduced in the fall of 1932 in the 1933 Pontiac 8, it was Pontiac's most powerful engine at the time and the least expensive eight-cylinder engine built by an American automotive manufacturer. During its 21-year run displacement of the "eight" increased twice as platforms grew. It was superseded by Pontiac's new V8, the 287, in 1955.  Engine block and cylinder heads were cast at Saginaw Metal Casting Operations then assembled at Tonawanda Engine before delivery to Pontiac Assembly for installation.

Buick
Buick (/ˈbjuːɪk/; BYOO-ik) is a division of the American automobile manufacturer, General Motors (GM). Started by automotive pioneer David Dunbar Buick in 1899, it was among the first American automobile brands and was the company that established General Motors in 1908. Before the establishment of General Motors, GM founder William C. Durant had served as Buick's general manager and major investor. With the demise of Oldsmobile in 2004, Buick became the oldest surviving American carmaker. Buick is positioned as a premium automobile brand, selling vehicles positioned below the flagship luxury Cadillac division.
2018 South Africa Sevens
The 2018 South Africa Sevens was the second tournament within the 2018–19 World Rugby Sevens Series and the twentieth edition of the South Africa Sevens. It was held on 8–9 December 2018 at Cape Town Stadium in Cape Town, South Africa.

South Africa Sevens
The South Africa Sevens is an annual rugby sevens tournament that is held in South Africa. It is currently hosted in Cape Town and is part of the Sevens World Series run by World Rugby. A South African leg of the World series has been included in every edition of the competition since it began in the 1999-2000 season.

The tournament was first held at Stellenbosch in 1999 before being moved to Durban for the next two seasons. For nine seasons from 2002 until 2010 it was held at George in the Western Cape, before moving to Port Elizabeth for the 2011 edition, and Cape Town in 2015.