hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bicycle Wheel
Bicycle Wheel is a readymade from Marcel Duchamp consisting of a bicycle fork with front wheel mounted upside-down on a wooden stool.

In 1913 at his Paris studio Duchamp mounted the bicycle wheel upside down onto a stool, spinning it occasionally just to watch it. Later he denied that its creation was purposeful, though it has come to be known as the first of his readymades. "I enjoyed looking at it", he said, "just as I enjoy looking at the flames dancing in the fireplace". It was not until he began making readymades a few years later in New York that he decided Bicycle Wheel was also a readymade, and created the second version.

The original version of 1913 and the second version of 1916-17 were both lost. Duchamp recreated yet another version of the sculpture in 1951. 
Bicycle Wheel is said to be the first kinetic sculpture.

Bicycle wheel
A bicycle wheel is a wheel, most commonly a wire wheel, designed for a bicycle. A pair is often called a wheelset, especially in the context of ready built "off the shelf" performance-oriented wheels.

Bicycle wheels are typically designed to fit into the frame and fork via dropouts, and hold bicycle tires.
Ravn Rock
Ravn Rock (63°0′S 60°34′W﻿ / ﻿63.000°S 60.567°W﻿ / -63.000; -60.567) is a submerged rock lying in the center of Neptunes Bellows, the entrance to Port Foster, Deception Island, in the South Shetland Islands. Charted by the French Antarctic Expedition under Charcot, 1908–10. Named for the whale catcher Ravn, based at Deception Island at that time.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Ravn Rock". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Neptune's Bellows
63°0′S 60°34′W﻿ / ﻿63.000°S 60.567°W﻿ / -63.000; -60.567

Neptune's Bellows is a channel on the southeast side of Deception Island forming the entrance to Port Foster, in the South Shetland Islands. The name, after the Roman sea god Neptune, was appended by American sealers prior to 1822 because of the strong gusts experienced in this narrow channel.

Named for "the gusts that blow in and out as if they came from a trumpet or funnell (sic)."
Nando (media company)
Nando (from "News and Observer") was an American internet news service and Internet service provider (ISP), founded in 1993 by the publishers of The News & Observer newspaper in Raleigh, North Carolina. Initially it relied on access via bulletin board technology. One of the first 24-hour news websites, the Nando Times, was launched in 1994, providing edited information from major news agencies that had not then developed their own websites.

The parent corporation was sold in 1995 to the California-based McClatchy newspaper chain. The dial-up ISP business was closed down, and the Nando Times pages were discontinued in 2003. The editorial staff continued to process wire stories, which fed other McClatchy outlets. The Nando brand itself was abandoned in 2005 in favor of the name McClatchy Interactive.

EarthLink
EarthLink is an American Internet service provider.

Earthlink went public on NASDAQ in January 1997. Much of the company's growth was via acquisition. In 2000, The New York Times described it as the "second largest Internet service provider after America Online".
Cradle of Rome
Cradle of Rome (released in some regions as Jewel Master: Cradle of Rome) is the first in a series of  tile-matching puzzle and strategy video games developed by German studio cerasus.media and published by D3 Publisher on November 18, 2008 for the Nintendo DS handheld game console. The Wii version was released on March 31, 2009. The game has been brought to Steam since 2007.

The game was originally created for Windows by Awem studio from Belarus as a casual game. It has been followed by a variety of Cradle/Jewel Master games including Cradle of Athena, Cradle of Egypt and Cradle of Persia.

Puzzle video game
Puzzle video games make up a broad genre of video games that emphasize puzzle solving. The types of puzzles can test problem-solving skills, including logic, pattern recognition, sequence solving, spatial recognition, and word completion. Many puzzle games involve a real-time element and require quick thinking, such as Tetris (1985) and Lemmings (1991).
M35 motorway (Hungary)
The M35 motorway (Hungarian: M35-ös autópálya) is a 68.8 km (42.8 mi) motorway in eastern Hungary which connects the M3 motorway with the city of Debrecen, providing it  with a direct motorway link to the capital, Budapest.

The section bypassing Debrecen was completed in April 2006, and the whole stretch of road was opened to the public on 15 December 2006. The new road reduced driving time between Debrecen and the capital to under 2 hours. The further stretch from Debrecen to the M4 motorway was inaugurated on December 20, 2018.

M4 motorway (Hungary)
M4 is a Hungarian expressway (constructed to motorway standards on its final section before reaching the border) which will, upon completion, connect Budapest to Oradea and further Romanian cities. The route will travel in Hungary through Cegléd, Szolnok, Karcag, Püspökladány, Berettyóújfalu, and Nagykereki before reaching the Romanian border.
Ennavalle
Ennavalle (transl. Dear Girl) is a 2000 Indian Tamil-language romance film directed by J. Suresh which stars R. Madhavan in the lead role. Sneha made her Tamil debut through this film. The film also featured Manivannan, Thalaivasal Vijay, and Charle in pivotal roles, while music was composed by S. A. Rajkumar. The film was released on 21 December 2000 and failed at the box office. Its title is derived from a song from Kaadhalan (1994).

Tips Industries
Tips Industries Limited is an Indian music record label and film production, film promotion, and film distribution company in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It was founded by Kumar S. Taurani and Ramesh S. Taurani in 1975. Its distributors serve more than 1,000 wholesalers and 400,000 retailers across India.
2025 Copa do Nordeste qualification
The 2025 Copa do Nordeste qualification (officially the Eliminatória da Copa do Nordeste 2025) was the qualifying tournament of the 2025 Copa do Nordeste. It was played from 4 to 8 January 2025. Sixteen teams competed to decide four places in the Copa do Nordeste.

CBF ranking
The CBF Rankings are football rankings produced by the CBF, the Brazilian Football Confederation.  The Ranking Nacional de Federações determines how many berths each state federation receives in Copa do Brasil, Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, Copa do Nordeste and Copa Verde. The Ranking Nacional de Clubes is a ranking of clubs and is used to determine the allocation of clubs in the pots for the draws of Copa do Brasil and Copa do Nordeste  as well as was used until 2023 to determine the 10 extra participants of Copa do Brasil.
Starto Entertainment
Starto Entertainment Inc. (Japanese: 株式会社スタートエンターテイメント, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Stāto entāteimento) is a Japanese entertainment company that provides artist management services established on October 17, 2023. The president is Katsuaki Suzuki. Many of the groups and artists formerly affiliated with Johnny & Associates belong to this company. It began full operations in April 2024.

Naniwa Danshi
Naniwa Danshi (なにわ男子) is a Japanese boy band formed by Starto Entertainment. It consists of seven members who primarily come from the Kansai region. The group's official debut announcement was made through their label Storm Labels. Their debut single, "Ubu Love", was released on November 12, 2021. The name "Naniwa" refers to the old name of Osaka (also name of a ward in Osaka). They have sold over 6 million records in Japan since their debut.
1948 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
The 1948 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 22nd series of the inter-provincial hurling Railway Cup. Three matches were played between 15 February 1948 and 17 March 1948 to decide the title. It was contested by Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster.

Connacht entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Munster at the semi-final stage.

On 17 March 1948, Munster won the Railway Cup after a 5-05 to 3-05 defeat of Leinster in the final at Croke Park, Dublin. It was their 16th Railway Cup title overall and their first Railway Cup title since 1946. The attendance of 37,103 set a new record for the Railway Cup finals.

Leinster's Jackie Cahill (3-00) and Munster's Christy Ring (1-06) were the Railway Cup top scorers.

1947 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
The 1947 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 21st series of the inter-provincial hurling Railway Cup. Three matches were played between 9 March and 6 April 1947. It was contested by Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster.

Munster entered the championship as the defending champions.

On 6 April 1947, Connacht won the Railway Cup after a 2–05 to 1–01 defeat of Munster in the final at Croke Park, Dublin. This was their first ever title.

Munster's Jerry O'Riordan was the Railway Cup top scorer with 4-00.
André Watts
André Watts (June 20, 1946 – July 12, 2023) was an American classical pianist. Over the six decades of his career, Watts performed as soloist with every major American orchestra and most of the world's finest orchestras, including the New York Philharmonic, National Symphony Orchestra, and London Symphony Orchestra. Watts recorded a variety of repertoire, concentrating on Romantic era composers such as Frédéric Chopin and Franz Liszt, but also including George Gershwin. In 2020, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society. He won a Grammy Award for Best New Classical Artist in 1964. Watts was also on the faculty at the Jacobs School of Music of Indiana University.

Jacobs School of Music
The Jacobs School of Music is the music school of Indiana University Bloomington in Bloomington, Indiana.

Established in 1921, the school was known as the Indiana University School of Music until 2005, when it became the Jacobs School. The school offers graduate and undergraduate degrees in performance (classical, jazz, voice, ballet), music business, music education, theory, composition, and technology (audio engineering, music production, scoring).

Approximately 1,600 students from all 50 U.S. states and more than 55 countries study in a conservatory atmosphere amidst the academic resources of a major research university.

Approximately half of the school's students are undergraduates, with the second largest enrollment of all music schools accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music.
2005 ASB Classic
The 2005 ASB Classic was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the ASB Tennis Centre in Auckland, New Zealand, that was part of Tier IV of the 2005 WTA Tour. It was the 20th edition of the tournament and took place from 3 January until 8 January 2005. Unseeded Katarina Srebotnik won the singles title and earned $22,000 first-prize money.

2005 WTA Tour
The 2005 WTA Tour was the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2005 tennis season. The 2005 WTA Tour included the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III, Tier IV and Tier V events. ITF tournaments were not part of the WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
Eager learning
In artificial intelligence, eager learning is a learning method in which the system tries to construct a general, input-independent target function during training of the system, as opposed to lazy learning, where generalization beyond the training data is delayed until a query is made to the system.
The main advantage gained in employing an eager learning method, such as an artificial neural network, is that the target function will be approximated globally during training, thus requiring much less space than using a lazy learning system. Eager learning systems also deal much better with noise in the training data. Eager learning is an example of offline learning, in which post-training queries to the system have no effect on the system itself, and thus the same query to the system will always produce the same result.

The main disadvantage with eager learning is that it is generally unable to provide good local approximations in the target function.

Offline learning
Offline learning is a machine learning training approach in which a model is trained on a fixed dataset that is not updated during the learning process. This dataset is collected beforehand, and the learning typically occurs in a batch mode (i.e., the model is updated using batches of data, rather than a single input-output pair at a time). Once the model is trained, it can make predictions on new, unseen data.

In online learning, only the set of possible elements is known, whereas in offline learning, the learner also knows the order in which they are presented.
Crossed product
In mathematics, a crossed product
is a basic method of constructing a new von Neumann algebra from 
a von Neumann algebra acted on by a group. It is related to 
the semidirect product construction for groups. (Roughly speaking, crossed product is the expected structure for a group ring of a semidirect product group. Therefore crossed products have a ring theory aspect also. This article concentrates on an important case, where they appear in functional analysis.)

Alain Connes
Alain Connes (French: [alɛ̃ kɔn]; born 1 April 1947) is a French mathematician, known for his contributions to the study of operator algebras and noncommutative geometry. He was a professor at the Collège de France, Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques, Ohio State University and Vanderbilt University. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1982.
Mordellistena pallipes
Mordellistena pallipes, the pale-legged tumbling flower beetle, is a species of beetle from the family Mordellidae. It has an extensive distribution across the northern United States and southern Canada, with its native range stretching east-to-west from New Hampshire to Minnesota, and north-to-south from Ontario to Virginia.

John Bernhardt Smith
John Bernhardt Smith (November 21, 1858 – March 12, 1912) was an American professor of entomology who specialized in systematics and economic entomology while also serving as the State Entomologist of New Jersey. Smith is remembered in insect taxonomy for the conflict that he had with Harrison Dyar.
Death of Slobodan Milošević
On 11 March 2006, former Yugoslav president Slobodan Milošević died in his prison cell of a heart attack at age 64 while being tried for war crimes at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in The Hague. Milošević's four-year trial had been a major international news story, and he died a few months before its verdict was due. His death occurred shortly after the Tribunal rejected his request to seek specialized medical treatment at a cardiology clinic in Moscow. A report published on 30 May 2006 confirmed that he had died of natural causes and that there was "no poison or other chemical substance found in his body that contributed to the death".

President of Montenegro
The president of Montenegro is the head of state of Montenegro. The current president is Jakov Milatović since 20 May 2023. The official residence of the president is the Blue Palace in Cetinje.

The president is constitutionally limited to a single five-year term of office. A candidate must be a citizen of Montenegro and have lived there for at least ten of the prior fifteen years.
Man in the Long Black Coat
"Man in the Long Black Coat" is a song written and performed by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, released in 1989 as the fifth track on his album Oh Mercy. It is a minor-key folk ballad, often described as "haunting" and frequently cited as a highlight of the album. The song was produced by Daniel Lanois.

Malcolm Burn
Malcolm Burn (born October 4, 1960) is a Canadian-born music producer, recording engineer and musician. Emmylou Harris's Red Dirt Girl, produced by Burn, won Best Contemporary Folk Album at the 2001 Grammys.
Francis Gofton
Sir Francis Gofton (died 1628) was an English courtier and administrator. He was an auditor of royal accounts and jewels, Chief Auditor of the Imprest from 1597 and Auditor of Mint from August 1603. Gofton acquired the manor of Heathrow, and houses in Stockwell and West Ham. He was often called "Auditor Gofton". The surname is frequently transcribed as "Goston" or "Guston"

Roger Manners, 5th Earl of Rutland
Roger Manners, 5th Earl of Rutland (6 October 1576 – 26 June 1612) was the eldest surviving son of John Manners, 4th Earl of Rutland and his wife, Elizabeth née Charleton (d. 1595). He travelled across Europe, took part in military campaigns led by the Earl of Essex, and was a participant in Essex's rebellion against Queen Elizabeth I. He was favoured by James I, and honoured by his contemporaries as a man of great intelligence and talent. He enjoyed the friendship of some of the most prominent writers and artists of the Elizabethan and Jacobean eras. In 1603 he led an embassy to Denmark, homeland of James' Queen, Anne of Denmark.

Evidence indicates that Manners was a patron of the architect Inigo Jones and probably introduced Jones to the Court of James I and Anne of Denmark, where Jones had his impact both on Jacobean architecture and as a designer of Court masques.
Terry Neill
William John Terence Neill (8 May 1942 – 28 July 2022) was a Northern Irish football player and manager. A centre-back, he captained and later managed Arsenal, guiding the club to a European final in 1980 and three consecutive FA Cup finals between 1978 and 1980, winning a dramatic final against Manchester United in 1979. Before his seven-year spell as manager of Arsenal, he managed Hull City, Tottenham Hotspur, and Northern Ireland.

1968 Football League Cup final
The 1968 Football League Cup final took place on 2 March 1968 at Wembley Stadium. It was the eighth final and the second to be played at Wembley. It was contested between Arsenal and Leeds United.

Terry Cooper scored the only goal of the game, hammering home a long-range goal after 20 minutes. After that, Leeds shut up shop and a defensive performance saw them out for the rest of the match.

It was the first major trophy of Don Revie's reign at Elland Road and started the most successful period in the club's history. Arsenal reached the League Cup final again the following year, only to lose again (this time to Swindon Town), but went on to win both domestic and European trophies in the following seasons.
Glodok (Transjakarta)
Glodok is a Transjakarta bus rapid transit station located in Mangga Besar, Taman Sari, West Jakarta, Indonesia, serving Corridor 1. It is located nearby Glodok, an administrative village (kelurahan) within Taman Sari.

Transjakarta Corridor 1
The Transjakarta Corridor 1 is a Transjakarta bus rapid transit route in Jakarta, Indonesia. The route operates between Blok M Terminal and Kali Besar BRT station in Kota Tua Jakarta. It is the first route of the Transjakarta BRT system. The roads that are traversed by Corridor 1 are along Jalan Sultan Hasanuddin, Trunojoyo, Sisingamangaraja, Sudirman, MH Thamrin, Medan Merdeka Barat, Gajah Mada / Hayam Wuruk, Pintu Besar Utara, Kali Besar Barat, Kunir, and Lada Dalam. Key integration points include Dukuh Atas TOD that is currently an integration point for four transport modes, Jakarta Kota station which serves KRL Commuterline, and Harmoni station that is one of the main hubs in the BRT system. From Blok M to Bundaran HI ASTRA stations, this corridor is in parallel with North–South Line of the Jakarta MRT, thus many of the BRT stations are integrated directly with the MRT stations. Currently, all bus stations are served by buses 24 hours a day.
H. S. Bathgate
Henry Shiels "Harry" Bathgate (7 December 1853 – 26 May 1936) was a Scottish plasterer and social reformer, active in the vegetarianism and peace movements. Born in Rutherglen, Lanarkshire, he later lived in Mount Vernon, Glasgow, where he worked as a master plasterer and undertook projects including alterations to St Thomas Wesleyan Methodist Church (1892–1894) and work on the Southern District Fire Station (1916). After adopting a vegetarian diet following an illness in 1877, Bathgate joined the Vegetarian Society of Glasgow in 1889 and served as president of the Scottish Vegetarian Society from 1892 to 1929, supporting its work financially and organisationally. He was also involved in Christian community work, including Sabbath School activities, and wrote in 1912 against the emphasis placed on dairy products and eggs in vegetarian cookery.

Vegetarian Society
The Vegetarian Society of the United Kingdom (VSUK) is a British registered charity. It campaigns for dietary changes, licenses Vegetarian Society Approved trademarks for vegetarian and vegan products, runs a cookery school and lottery, and organises National Vegetarian Week in the UK.

In the 19th century, various groups in Britain promoted meat-free diets, leading to the formation of the Vegetarian Society in 1847, which later split into the Manchester and London Vegetarian Societies in 1888 before reuniting in 1969, registering as a charity, and continued advocating for vegetarianism through public education and influencing food producers.
Komarpur railway station
Komarpur railway station is an Indian Railways station on the Ahmadpur–Katwa line in the Howrah railway division of the Eastern Railway zone. It is situated at Komarpur of Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Howrah railway division
Howrah Division is the oldest operational railway division under the Eastern Railway zone of Indian Railways. Serving as a major rail hub for Eastern India, its headquarters based in Howrah, West Bengal, and has historical and strategic importance for passenger and freight transport. It is one of the four railway divisions under the jurisdiction of Eastern Railway zone. In 2025, the Howrah Division marked its 100th anniversary since it was officially established as a division. It covers the area more than 400 km which includes parts of Bihar and Jharkhand also. The division manages nearly 200 stations ranging from major terminals to smaller halts.

Asansol railway division, Sealdah railway division and Malda railway division are the other railway divisions under ER Zone headquartered at Kolkata.
Hepatocystis
Hepatocystis is a genus of parasites transmitted by midges of the genus Culicoides. Hosts include Old World primates, bats, hippopotamus and squirrels. This genus is not found in the New World. The genus was erected by Levaditi and Schoen, 1932, as Hepatocystes.

Black flying fox
The black flying fox or black fruit bat (Pteropus alecto) is a bat in the family Pteropodidae. It is among the largest bats in the world, but is considerably smaller than the largest species in its genus, Pteropus. The black flying fox is native to Australia, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia. It is not a threatened species.
Goodyears Bar, California
Goodyears Bar, known as Slaughter's Bar before 1851, is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sierra County, California, United States. Goodyears Bar is located along the North Yuba River and California State Route 49 3.25 miles (5.23 km) west-southwest of Downieville. Goodyears Bar has a post office with ZIP code 95944. The post office opened in 1851.

North Yuba River
The North Yuba River (also called the North Fork Yuba River) is the main tributary of the Yuba River in northern California in the United States. The river is about 61 miles (98 km) long and drains from the Sierra Nevada westwards towards the foothills between the mountains and the Sacramento Valley.

It rises on the Sierra Crest about 8 miles (13 km) northwest of Sierraville. The river flows west through meadows, then south into a gorge, turning west again, followed by California State Route 49. The river's four major tributaries, the Downie River, Goodyears Creek, Canyon Creek and Slate Creek, enter from the right before the river abruptly turns south at the New Bullards Bar Reservoir, formed by the New Bullards Bar Dam. The dam is situated right above the river's mouth; just after the North Yuba leaves the dam it empties into the Middle Yuba River and forms the Yuba River.