hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mormon blogosphere
The Mormon blogosphere (often referred to as the Bloggernacle) is a segment of the blogosphere focused on issues related to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

The term "Bloggernacle" was coined by individuals within the Latter-day Saint blogging community as a play on the name of the Mormon Tabernacle Choir; however, not all Latter-day Saint-themed bloggers like or use the name Bloggernacle, or even consider their blog to be part of it. Furthermore, not all bloggers within the Mormon blogosphere are Latter-day Saints themselves.

Fake blog
A fake blog (sometimes shortened to flog or flack blog) is a communication in the blog format that appears to originate from a credible source, but which in fact is created by another entity for the purpose of marketing a product, service, or political viewpoint. The purpose of a fake blog is to inspire viral marketing or create an internet meme that generates traffic and interest in a product.

As social networking tools gain in popularity, corporations and special-interest groups legitimately use their own blogs to promote company agendas without cloaking their identities, without fakery.
Muirend
Muirend is an area on the South side of Glasgow, Scotland. It is situated about 4 miles (6.5 km) south of Glasgow city centre. Muirend became extensively urbanised in the 20th century, developing into a commuter suburb. In a 2014 Royal Mail survey, the G44 postcode – which includes Muirend – was rated as the most desirable area of Scotland to live in. Neighbouring areas include Cathcart, Merrylee and Newlands in Glasgow, and Netherlee and Giffnock in East Renfrewshire (plus Cathcart Cemetery which forms the eastern boundary). Some buildings that are locally associated with Muirend, including the main row of shops, as well as Hazelden Park and Muirend Pavilion, are located in East Renfrewshire.

Newlands, Glasgow
Newlands is a suburb in the south side of Glasgow, Scotland. The area is mainly residential in character. Shawlands and Langside lie to the north of the district (the White Cart Water forming the boundary), Pollokshaws and Auldhouse to the west, Giffnock (East Renfrewshire) to the south, and Merrylee and Cathcart to the east.
Ludwigshafen/Frankenthal
Ludwigshafen/Frankenthal is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 206. It is located in southeastern Rhineland-Palatinate, comprising the cities of Ludwigshafen and Frankenthal and the northern part of the Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis district.

Ludwigshafen/Frankenthal was created for the inaugural 1949 federal election. Whilst the Christian Democratic Union won the plurality in the 2025 election, under the new voting system, their candidate did not actually win a seat in the Bundestag. This was due to the distribution of seats won by the CDU being decided by the first (direct) vote percentage of each winning CDU candidate, determining who took the seats. As the CDU candidate got a low vote of 27.1%, the seat will remain vacant throughout the 21st Bundestag.

Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis
The Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis (German: [ʁaɪnˈpfaltsˌkʁaɪs]) is a district (Kreis) in the east of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

Neighboring districts are (from north clockwise) the district-free city Worms, the district Bergstraße, district-free Mannheim, Frankenthal and Ludwigshafen, Rhein-Neckar, district-free Speyer, the districts Karlsruhe, Germersheim, Südliche Weinstraße and Bad Dürkheim.
Monthly recruiting figures for the British Army in the First World War
This is a table of the number of recruits for the British Army during the First World War, 1914–1918.

All recruits were volunteers until January 1916, when men were recruited under the Derby Scheme and as conscripts following the Military Service Act 1916. From July 1917, all recruits were counted as Conscripts.

Derby Scheme
The Derby Scheme was introduced during World War I in Britain in the autumn of 1915 by Herbert Kitchener's new Director General of Recruiting, Edward Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby (1865–1948) after which it was named.

It used strong pressure tactics to try to pressure men regarded as eligible to serve in the military to voluntarily enlist. In spite of persuading nearly 2/3 of single men and almost half of married to do so, wartime manpower needs were sufficiently great that by 1916 the Military Service Act would be passed instituting compulsory conscription.
Type 052 destroyer
The Type 052 (NATO/OSD Luhu-class destroyer) is a class of destroyers developed in the People's Republic of China (PRC) for the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN). The Type 052 was an intermediate between the obsolescent Type 051 and the modern Type 052B destroyers. They were the first PLAN destroyers powered by gas turbines, and the first PLAN ships with modern combat direction systems (CDS). They were also part of the first generation of PLAN warships armed with surface-to-air missiles in the form of the short-range Crotale (called HQ-7 in Chinese service.)

The Type 052 used subsystems imported from the United States and the European Union. The embargo after the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre ended the supply of and support for those subsystems, limiting production to two ships and likely affecting their operating efficiency due to system integration issues. Afterward, China turned to Russia and Ukraine for technology.

Type 052B destroyer
The Type 052B (NATO/OSD Luyang I-class destroyer) is a class of guided-missile destroyers in the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy Surface Force (PLAN). The Type 052B was China's first modern destroyer design and the first Chinese design to incorporate true medium-range air defence capability in the form of Russian Shtil-1 (improved navalized Buk, NATO designation SA-N-12) surface-to-air missiles (SAM).

Two ships - Guangzhou and Wuhan - were begun in 2001 and commissioned in July and December 2004 respectively.
Penaeidae
Penaeidae is a family of marine crustaceans in the suborder Dendrobranchiata, which are often referred to as penaeid shrimp or penaeid prawns. The Penaeidae contain many species of economic importance, such as the tiger prawn, whiteleg shrimp, Atlantic white shrimp, and Indian prawn. Many prawns are the subject of commercial fishery, and farming, both in marine settings, and in freshwater farms. Lateral line–like sense organs on the antennae have been reported in some species of Penaeidae. At 210 metres per second (760 km/h), the myelinated giant interneurons of pelagic penaeid shrimp have the world record for impulse conduction speed in any animal.

Litopenaeus setiferus
Litopenaeus setiferus (also accepted: Penaeus setiferus, and known by various common names including Atlantic white shrimp, white shrimp, gray shrimp, lake shrimp, green shrimp, green-tailed shrimp, blue-tailed shrimp, rainbow shrimp, Daytona shrimp, Mayport Shrimp, common shrimp, southern shrimp, and, in Mexico, camaron blanco) is a species of prawn found along the Atlantic coast of North America and in the Gulf of Mexico. It was the subject of the earliest shrimp fishery in the United States.
Ziras Parish
Ziras Parish (Latvian: Ziru pagasts) is an administrative unit of Ventspils Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia.The parish has a population of 543 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 153.80 km2.

Courland
Courland is one of the Historical Latvian Lands in western Latvia. Courland's largest city is Liepāja, which is the third largest city in Latvia.

The literal meaning of the name is "Land of Curonians".
The Denes
The Denes is a centrally located area of Darlington in the borough of Darlington, County Durham, England. It consists mainly of semi-detached and 1900s terraced housing, surrounding valley areas of wooded public park and Cocker beck.

The area runs parallel to and between Woodland Road to the south and Brinkburn Road to the north from Cockerton to High Northgate. At the easterly end the southerly border is often judged around Corporation Road, by local estate agent descriptions. The area is close to Faverdale and Mowden.

Mowden, County Durham
Mowden is an area of west Darlington in the Borough of Darlington, County Durham, England. Nearby areas include Hummersknott to the south, Branksome to the north and Cockerton to the north-east.

Houses here date back to the 1960s. The area has a pre-school, primary school, a row shops and two local pubs, the Mowden and the Model T.
San Rocco delle Carceri, Mondovì
The Cappella di San Rocco delle Carceri is a small Roman Catholic chapel in Mondovì, province of Cuneo, Piedmont, Italy. Dedicated to Saint Roch, it is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Mondovì.

Its denomination "delle carceri" is due to the fact that opposite the chapel stood the prison. The small hexagonal building was constructed between 1630 and 1640 with funding from the Municipality of Mondovì and private citizens. At the time, it was part of the cloister garden of the Zoccolanti friars.

Diocese of Mondovì
The Diocese of Mondovì (Latin: Dioecesis Montis Regalis in Pedemonte o Montis Vici) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in the Ecclesiastical Region of Piedmont in Italy. Its 192 parishes are divided between the Province of Savona in the (civil) region Liguria and the Province of Cuneo in the (civil) region Piedmont. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Turin.
Homotopical connectivity
In  algebraic topology, homotopical connectivity is a property describing a topological space based on the dimension of its holes. In general, low homotopical connectivity indicates that the space has at least one low-dimensional hole. The concept of n-connectedness generalizes the concepts of path-connectedness and simple connectedness.

An equivalent definition of homotopical connectivity is based on the homotopy groups of the space. A space is n-connected  (or n-simple connected) if its first n homotopy groups are trivial.

Homotopical connectivity is defined for maps, too. A map is n-connected if it is an isomorphism "up to dimension n, in homotopy".

Homotopy fiber
In mathematics, especially homotopy theory, the homotopy fiber (sometimes called the mapping fiber)  is part of a construction that associates a fibration to an arbitrary continuous function of topological spaces . It acts as a homotopy theoretic kernel of a mapping of topological spaces due to the fact it yields a long exact sequence of homotopy groups

Moreover, the homotopy fiber can be found in other contexts, such as homological algebra, where the distinguished triangle

gives a long exact sequence analogous to the long exact sequence of homotopy groups. There is a dual construction called the homotopy cofiber.
Republican Party presidential debates
Since 1980, the Republican Party of the United States has held debates between candidates for the Republican nomination in presidential elections during the primary election season. Unlike debates between party-nominated candidates, which have been organized by the bi-partisan Commission on Presidential Debates since 1988, debates between candidates for party nomination are organized by mass media outlets.

Party presidential debates are typically not held when an incumbent president is running for a second term. Although debates were held in advance of the 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries among challengers to incumbent president Donald Trump, the Republican National Committee did not participate in scheduling those debates nor did Trump attend any of those debates.

2020 Republican Party presidential debates
Debates took place among candidates in the campaign for the Republican Party's nomination for the president in the 2020 United States presidential election. The Republican National Committee (RNC) did not schedule any official RNC-sanctioned primary debates, and incumbent President Donald Trump stated that he would not debate any primary challenger. Thus, the debates held among Trump's primary challengers were instead sponsored by private organizations.
Gander International Airport
Gander International Airport (IATA: YQX, ICAO: CYQX) is an international airport located in Gander, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, and is operated by the Gander International Airport Authority. Canadian Forces Base Gander shares the airfield but is a separate entity from the airport. The airport is sometimes referred to as the "Crossroads of the World", and is classified as an international airport by Transport Canada.

Douglas DC-4
The Douglas DC-4 is an American four-engined (piston), propeller-driven airliner developed by the Douglas Aircraft Company. Military versions of the plane, the C-54 and R5D, served during World War II, in the Berlin Airlift and into the 1960s. From 1945, many civil airlines operated the DC-4 worldwide.
Cohors equitata
The cohors equitata (Latin: cohors equitata; plural: cohortes equitatae) was a body of auxiliary units of the Roman army, composed of both infantry and cavalry. It combined a cohors peditata and an ala of cavalry. It could consist of 500 soldiers (quingenaria) to approximately 1,000 (milliaria).

Ala (Roman allied military unit)
An ala (Latin for "wing"; pl. alae) was the term used during the middle of the Roman Republic (338–88 BC) to denote a military formation composed of conscripts from the socii, Rome's Italian military allies. A normal consular army during the period consisted of two legions, composed of only Roman citizens, and two allied alae.

The alae were somewhat larger than normal legions, 5,400 or 5,100 men against the legion's 4,500 men, and it contained a greater quantity of cavalry, usually 900 horsemen against the 300 supplied by the Romans.

From the time of the first Roman emperor, Augustus (ruled 27 BC – AD 14), the term ala was used in the professional imperial army to denote a much smaller (c. 500), purely cavalry unit of the non-citizen auxilia corps: see ala (Roman cavalry unit).
Sonic Mojo
Sonic Mojo is the seventeenth studio album by British rock band Foghat, released on 10 November 2023. It comprises both cover songs and original compositions, including the last compositions by Kim Simmonds before his 2022 death, and is being promoted by a concert tour.  The album marks their first release in seven years since 2016's Under the Influence.

Under the Influence (Foghat album)
Under the Influence is the sixteenth studio album by British hard rock band Foghat.
Kim Simmonds, the guitarist of Savoy Brown, which Earl and two other members left to form Foghat, makes an appearance. Also, Nick Jameson, who played bass on "Slow Ride," sat in on a new version of their biggest hit which celebrates the 40th anniversary of the song.
The band launched a Pledgemusic Campaign on 10 November 2015. The album is completely fan-funded.
Bodhmall
Bodhmall (or bodhmann, Bómall, Bodmall, or Bodbmall) is one of Fionn mac Cumhaill's childhood foster mothers in the Fenian Cycle of Irish mythology and the daughter of Tréanmór mac Suailt.  She is a druid and the sister of Fionn's father Cumhall, and both she and her female partner Liath Luachra are known as great warriors.

Bodhmall's story appears in The Boyhood Deeds of Fionn. When Cumhall is slain by Goll mac Morna, his wife Muirne fears for their son's safety. Bodhmall and Liath Luachra come to her, and take the boy to be raised in the forest of Sliabh Bladhma. There they teach him to hunt, and accompany him on some of his early adventures. When he grows up and news of his exploits spreads, the warrior women fear he will attract the attention of Goll's men. They send him out to find his own way, having taught him all they know.

Cumhall
Cumhall (Irish pronunciation: [kuːl̪ˠ]; Old Irish: Cumall) or Cumhall mac Trénmhoir ("son of Trénmór/Tréanmór" meaning "strong-great") is a figure in the Fenian Cycle of Irish mythology, a leader of the fianna and the father of Fionn mac Cumhaill.
Defence Scheme No. 1
Defence Scheme No. 1 was a war plan created by Canadian Director of Military Operations and Intelligence Lieutenant Colonel James "Buster" Sutherland Brown, for a Canadian pre-emptive attack against the United States in the (hypothetical) case of a conflict between the United States and the British Empire.

Military operation plan
A military operation plan (commonly called a war plan before World War II) is a formal plan for military armed forces, their military organizations and units to conduct operations, as drawn up by commanders within the combat operations process in achieving objectives before or during a conflict. Military plans are generally produced in accordance with the military doctrine of the troops involved. Because planning is a valuable exercise for senior military staff, in peacetime nations generally produce plans (of varying detail) even for very unlikely hypothetical scenarios.

Plan XVII and the Schlieffen Plan are examples of World War I military plans. The United States developed a famous color-coded set of war plans in the early 20th century; see United States color-coded war plans.

Military plans often have code names.
1968 European Judo Championships
The 1968 European Judo Championships were the 17th edition of the European Judo Championships, and were held in Lausanne, Switzerland from 17 to 19 May 1968. Championships were subdivided into six individual competitions, and a separate team competition.

European Judo Championships
The European Judo Championships is the Judo European Championship organized by the European Judo Union. The 2015 and 2019 editions were held during the respective European Games. This is also expected for future editions of the European Games.
Hermitian matrix
In mathematics, a Hermitian matrix (or self-adjoint matrix) is a  square matrix that is equal to its own conjugate transpose—that is, the element in the i-th row and j-th column is equal to the complex conjugate of the element in the j-th row and i-th column, for all indices i and j. In index form, or in matrix form:

Hermitian matrices can be understood as the complex extension of real symmetric matrices.

If the conjugate transpose of a matrix  is denoted by  then the Hermitian property can be written concisely as

Hermitian matrices are named after Charles Hermite, who demonstrated in 1855 that matrices of this form share a property with real symmetric matrices of always having real eigenvalues. Other, equivalent notations in common use are  although in quantum mechanics,  typically means the complex conjugate only, and not the conjugate transpose.

Main diagonal
In linear algebra, the main diagonal (sometimes principal diagonal, primary diagonal, leading diagonal, major diagonal, or good diagonal) of a matrix  is the list of entries  where . All off-diagonal elements are zero in a diagonal matrix. The following four matrices have their main diagonals indicated by red ones:
EFuse
In computing, an eFuse (electronic fuse) is a microscopic fuse put into a computer chip. This technology was invented by IBM in 2004 to allow for the dynamic real-time reprogramming of chips. In the abstract, computer logic is generally "etched" or "hard-wired" onto a chip and cannot be changed after the chip has finished being manufactured.  By utilizing a set of eFuses, a chip manufacturer can allow for the circuits on a chip to change while it is in operation.

Antifuse
An antifuse is an electrical device that performs the opposite function to a fuse. Whereas a fuse starts with a low resistance and is designed to permanently break or open an electrically conductive path (typically when the current through the path exceeds a specified limit), an antifuse starts with a high resistance—an open circuit—and programming it converts it into a permanent electrically conductive path (typically when the voltage across the antifuse exceeds a certain level). This technology has many applications. Antifuses are best known for their use in mini-light (or miniature) style low-voltage Christmas tree lights.
Hetley Price
Christianity portal

Stuart Hetley Price (14 June 1922 – 15 March 1977) was the inaugural Bishop of Doncaster who was later translated to Ripon.

Price was educated at Loughborough Grammar School from 1931 to 1940. He entered Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, taking a B.A. in history in 1943, and then read for Part I theology in 1944. He was ordained in 1945. His first post was as Curate at St Michael and All Angels, Bournemouth, after which he was Domestic Chaplain to the Bishop of Manchester. He was then successively Secretary to the SCM; Rector of Didsbury; a Canon Residentiary at Manchester Cathedral and, his final post before elevation to the episcopate, Archdeacon of Manchester. He died, following complications brought on by a stroke, in March 1977. His son Simon Price (1954–2011) became a historian of ancient Roman religion.

Bishop of Doncaster
Christianity portal

The Bishop of Doncaster is an episcopal title used by a suffragan bishop of the Church of England Diocese of Sheffield, in the Province of York, England. The title takes its name after the city of Doncaster in South Yorkshire; the See was erected under the Suffragans Nomination Act 1888 by Order in Council dated 4 February 1972. The current bishop is Leah Vasey-Saunders, since her consecration into bishop's orders on 16 September 2025.
Sanyang Road station
Sanyang Road Station (simplified Chinese: 三阳路; traditional Chinese: 三陽路; pinyin: sān yáng lù) serves as an interchange station of Line 1 and Line 7 of Wuhan Metro. The elevated station entered revenue service along with the completion of Line 1, Phase 1 on July 28, 2004, and the underground station entered service on October 1, 2018 with the opening of Line 7.

Line 1 (Wuhan Metro)
Line 1 of the Wuhan Metro (Chinese: 武汉轨道交通一号线) is an elevated metro line in the city of Wuhan, Hubei. It is the longest continuous metro viaduct in the world. Line 1 opened on 28 July 2004, making Wuhan the fifth city in mainland China to have a metro system after Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Guangzhou. This is the first Metro line in China incorrectly referred to as a light rail (轻轨; qīngguǐ) line in Chinese terminology because it is elevated. Originally a branch line was planned to cross the Yangtze to Wuchang District via the Second Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge. The Second Wuhan River Bridge even had a provision in the central median where Line 1 trains would run in anticipation for the branch line when it opened in 1995. However, by 2003 the reservation was removed to allow for more traffic lanes when the bridge was undergoing renovation.
Sandi Sissel
Sandra "Sandi" Sue Sissel (born August 9, 1949) is an American cinematographer, director and producer. Her interest in photography was apparent as early as high school, where she was a photojournalist for her school paper. She is best known for documentaries such as Chicken Ranch, The Endurance: Shackleton's Legendary Antarctic Expedition , and Mother Teresa (1986) as well as TV shows like 60 Minutes, and feature films like  Salaam Bombay!, Master and Commander Far Side of the World  and Mr. and Mrs. Smith. She has been a member of the American Society of Cinematographers since 1994, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences since 2004, and the Australian Cinematographers Society  since 2017.

Pacific Street Films
Pacific Street Films is a documentary film production company founded in Brooklyn, New York in 1969 by Joel Sucher and Steven Fischler. They have produced more than 100 films.

In 2004 the Museum of Modern Art hosted a career retrospective on Pacific Street Films.