hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nan'yō, Yamagata
Nan'yō (南陽市, Nan'yō-shi) is a city located in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 March 2020,  the city had an estimated population of 31,112 in 11379 households, and a population density of 190 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 160.52 square kilometres (62 sq mi).

Nanyang, Henan
Nanyang is a prefecture-level city in the southwest of Henan province, China. The city with the largest administrative area in Henan, Nanyang borders Xinyang to the southeast, Zhumadian to the east, Pingdingshan to the northeast, Luoyang to the north, Sanmenxia to the northwest, the province of Shaanxi to the west, and the province of Hubei to the south.

Nanyang was the home of various important figures in Chinese history. It nurtured the "sage of science" Zhang Heng, "sage of medicine" Zhang Zhongjing, "sage of commerce" Fan Li, and "sage of intelligence" Zhuge Liang. It has also been home to contemporary celebrities such as philosopher Feng Youlan, military strategist Peng Xuefeng, novelist Yao Xueyin, inventor Wang Yongmin, and writer Er Yuehe.
Cavaliers–Warriors rivalry
The Cavaliers–Warriors rivalry is a National Basketball Association (NBA) rivalry between the Cleveland Cavaliers and the Golden State Warriors. The rivalry became prominent in the mid-to-late 2010s, with the two teams facing each other in four consecutive NBA Finals from 2015 to 2018. In the four Finals, the Warriors won three championships and the Cavaliers won one.

2007 NBA Finals
The 2007 NBA Finals was the championship series of the National Basketball Association's (NBA) 2006–07 season and conclusion of the season's playoffs. In this best-of-seven playoff series, the Western Conference champion San Antonio Spurs defeated the Eastern Conference champion Cleveland Cavaliers in a 4–0 sweep. This was Cleveland's first trip to the NBA Finals in their franchise history (as well as the first for LeBron James) and San Antonio's fourth. Tony Parker was named the series' MVP. The series was televised on ABC under the ESPN on ABC branding, and produced the lowest television ratings in NBA Finals history until 2020.

This series was the last sweep in the NBA Finals until 2018, which also involved the Cavaliers on the losing end.
1790s
The 1790s (pronounced "seventeen-nineties") was the decade that began on January 1, 1790, and ended on December 31, 1799. Considered as some of the Industrial Revolution's earlier days, the 1790s called for the start of an anti-imperialist world, as new democracies such as the French First Republic and the United States began flourishing at this era. Revolutions – both political and social – forever transformed global politics and art, as wars such as the French Revolutionary Wars and the American Revolutionary War moulded modern-day concepts of liberalism, partisanship, elections, and the political compass.

Barthélemy Catherine Joubert
Barthélemy Catherine Joubert (French pronunciation: [baʁtelemi katʁin ʒubɛʁ], 14 April 1769 – 15 August 1799) was a French general who served during the French Revolutionary Wars. Recognizing his talents, Napoleon Bonaparte gave him increased responsibilities. Joubert was killed while commanding the French army at the Battle of Novi in 1799.
Yury Gorkov
Yury Aleksandrovich Gorkov (February 7, 1928 — June 27, 2005) (Russian: Юрий Александрович Горьков) was a Soviet and Russian military leader, historian and colonel general. He was a student of professor Viktor Anfilov.

Jubilee Medal "50 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
The Jubilee Medal "50 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" (Russian: Юбилейная медаль «50 лет Вооружённых Сил СССР») was a state military commemorative medal of the Soviet Union established on December 26, 1967 by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR to denote the fiftieth anniversary of the creation of the Soviet Armed Forces. Its statute was amended on three occasions, by decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 22, 1968, of December 19, 1969, and of July 18, 1980.
Regina Coeli Monastery
Regina Coeli Monastery is a historic building located in Bettendorf, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1994. The building currently houses an addictions rehabilitation facility called The Abbey Center. The Discalced Carmelite nuns who built the building relocated to a new monastery in Eldridge, Iowa in 1975. The monastery was originally established in Davenport, Iowa by  James Davis of the Catholic Diocese of Davenport.

Diocese of Davenport
The Diocese of Davenport (Latin: Diœcesis Davenportensis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church for the southeastern quarter of the state of Iowa in the United States. The bishop is Dennis Gerard Walsh. The see city for the diocese is Davenport, where Sacred Heart Cathedral is located.
Enea Arena
Enea Arena, also known as Arena Szczecin, is a multi-purpose indoor arena in the Zawadzkiego-Klonowica neighbourhood of Szczecin, Poland, opened in 2014. It has 5,055 permanent seats and a capacity of up to 7,055, with standing places, for concerts. It is home to Wilki Morskie Szczecin of the Polish Basketball League.

The venue regularly hosts a wide range of sporting events, including athletics, badminton, basketball, fencing, gymnastics, handball, martial arts, table tennis and tennis. It is also suitable for theatre and cinema performances, as well as concerts, exhibitions and conferences.

2017 Men's European Volleyball Championship
The 2017 Men's European Volleyball Championship was the 30th edition of the Men's European Volleyball Championship, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the CEV. The tournament was held in Poland between 24 August and 3 September.

Russia defeated Germany in the final to capture a record 14th title in the tournament. Serbia defeated Belgium for the bronze medal. Maxim Mikhaylov from Russia was elected the MVP.
Osteochondrosis
Osteochondrosis is a family of orthopedic diseases of the joint that occur in children, adolescents and rapidly growing animals, particularly pigs, horses, dogs, and broiler chickens. They are characterized by interruption of the blood supply of a bone, in particular to the epiphysis, followed by localized bony necrosis, and later, regrowth of the bone. This disorder is defined as a focal disturbance of endochondral ossification and is regarded as having a multifactorial cause, so no one thing accounts for all aspects of this disease.

Osteochondrosis is a developmental disease. It usually occurs in an early stage of life. It has personified features as focal chondronecrosis and confinement of growth cartilage due to a failing of endochondral ossification. Fissures can develop from lesions over the top articular cartilage and form a cartilage flap and an osteochondral fragment. It is diagnosed as osteochondritis dissecans.

Ulna
The ulna or ulnar bone (pl.: ulnae or ulnas) is a long bone in the forearm stretching from the elbow to the wrist. It is on the same side of the forearm as the little finger, running parallel to the radius, the forearm's other long bone. Longer and thinner than the radius, the ulna is considered to be the smaller long bone of the lower arm. The corresponding bone in the lower leg is the fibula.
Jerry Vandiver
Jerry Herbert Vandiver is an American songwriter and musician. He has had two top ten singles and 5 charted singles on the Billboard Country charts.  Vandiver's songs have been recorded by Tim McGraw, Gene Watson, Phil Vassar, Lonestar, The Oak Ridge Boys, Lee Greenwood, Barbara Mandrell, Dusty Drake and many others.  Vandiver has RIAA Certified song credits on more than 15 million records.  Two of Vandiver's songs, "It Doesn't Get Any Countrier Than This" and "For a Little While" (both recorded by Tim McGraw) are among the gold and platinum records on display at the Country Music Hall of Fame in Nashville, Tennessee.

Gene Watson
Gary Gene Watson (born October 11, 1943) is an American country music singer. He is most famous for his 1975 hit "Love in the Hot Afternoon", his 1981 number-one hit "Fourteen Carat Mind", and his signature 1979 song "Farewell Party".  Watson's long career has included five number-one hits, 21 top 10s, and 48 charted singles.
1999 Primestar 500
The 1999 Primestar 500 was the sixth stock car race of the 1999 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season and the third iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, March 28, 1999, in Fort Worth, Texas at Texas Motor Speedway, a 1.5 miles (2.4 km) permanent tri-oval shaped racetrack. The race took the scheduled 334 laps to complete. Nearing the end of the race, Hendrick Motorsports driver Terry Labonte would make a late-race move to pass Robert Yates Racing driver Dale Jarrett for the lead. With three to go, the caution came out for Jimmy Spencer, handing the win to Labonte. The win was Labonte's 21st career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his only victory of the season. To fill out the podium, Jarrett and Joe Gibbs Racing driver Bobby Labonte would finish second and third, respectively.

NASCAR Cup Series at Texas Motor Speedway
Stock car races in the NASCAR Cup Series have been held at the Texas Motor Speedway in Fort Worth, Texas since 1997. The race's trophy is in the shape of a cowboy hat on top of a piston. Traditionally, the winning driver wears a black cowboy hat and fires a couple of six-shooters in the air on victory lane.
Patent misuse
In United States patent law, patent misuse is a patent holder's use of a patent to restrain trade beyond enforcing the exclusive rights that a lawfully obtained patent provides. If a court finds that a patent holder committed patent misuse, the court may rule that the patent holder has lost the right to enforce the patent. Patent misuse that restrains economic competition substantially can also violate United States antitrust law.

United States patent law
Under United States law, a patent is a right granted to the inventor of a (1) process, machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter, (2) that is new, useful, and non-obvious. A patent is the right to exclude others, for a limited time (usually, 20 years) from profiting from a patented technology without the consent of the patent holder. Specifically, it is the right to exclude others from: making, using, selling, offering for sale, importing, inducing others to infringe, applying for an FDA approval, and/or offering a product specially adapted for practice of the patent.
K. Rajagopal (film editor)
K. Rajagopal is an Indian film editor who has worked predominantly in Malayalam cinema. He has achieved P. A. Backer Award for the editing of Celluloid in 2012, Kerala State Film Award for the editing of Oru Indian Pranayakadha in 2013 and Film Producers Association Award for the editing of Celluloid in 2012.

Celluloid (film)
Celluloid is a 2013 Indian Malayalam-language biographical  drama film co-produced, written, and directed by Kamal. It stars Prithviraj Sukumaran, Sreenivasan, Mamta Mohandas, and Chandni. The film is based on the life of J.C. Daniel, regarded as the father of Malayalam cinema, focusing on the making of his film Vigathakumaran, and the story of its heroine, P. K. Rosy. The film is particularly based on Life of J. C. Daniel, a biography of J. C. Daniel written by Chelangatt Gopalakrishnan. Filming began in November 2012, and the online posters, created by a 16-year-old boy, Aswin, which went viral on social media. Released in February 2013, the film received positive reviews and won seven Kerala State Film Awards, including Best Film and Best Actor (Prithviraj). It was also supported by All Lights Film Services (ALFS), a leading film festival consultancy and become a box-office success.
Pozos
Pozos is a  district in Santa Ana canton, San José province of Costa Rica. It was created in 1907. The principal avenue of the district carries the name of Lindora, which is also used to name the district and its surroundings.

Santa Ana (canton)
Santa Ana (Spanish: Cantón de Santa Ana) is the ninth canton in the San José province of Costa Rica.  It is located in the Central Valley. It borders with the Alajuela canton to the north, the Mora canton to the south and west, the Escazú canton to the east, as well as the Belén canton to the north east. As of 2022, the canton has the highest Human Development Index of any region in Costa Rica with a score of 0.871.
Cold Rock Ice Creamery
Cold Rock Ice Creamery is an Australian-owned ice cream parlour chain. The company's main product is centred around customers choosing combinations of ice cream and various other confectioneries, which are mixed in front of the customer within their store. Cold Rock sells their ice cream as individual ice cream combinations in a cup, cone, take-home pack, loaded shake, or ice cream cakes.

Ice cream parlor
Ice cream parlors (American English) or ice cream parlours (British English) are parlors that sell ice cream, gelato, sorbet, and/or frozen yogurt to consumers. Ice cream is typically sold as regular ice cream (also called hard-packed or hard-serve ice cream), and/or soft serve, which is usually dispensed by a machine with a limited number of flavors (e.g., chocolate, vanilla, and "twist", or "zebra", a mix of the two). Ice cream parlors generally offer a number of flavors and items. Parlors often serve ice cream and other frozen desserts in cones, cups or dishes, the latter two to be eaten with a spoon. Some ice cream parlors prepare ice cream desserts such as sundaes (ice cream topped with syrup, whipped cream and other toppings) or milkshakes, or even a blend (known as a Boston shake).
Outboard gear
Musical outboard equipment or outboard gear is used to process or alter a sound signal separately from functionality provided within a mixing console or a digital audio workstation. Outboard effects units can be used either during a live performance or in the recording studio.

Digital audio workstation
A digital audio workstation (DAW /dɔː/) is an electronic device or application software used for recording, editing and producing audio files. DAWs come in a wide variety of configurations, from a single software program on a laptop, to an integrated stand-alone unit, all the way to a highly complex configuration of numerous components controlled by a central computer. Regardless of configuration, modern DAWs have a central interface that allows the user to alter and mix multiple recordings and tracks into a final produced piece.

DAWs are used for producing and recording music, songs, speech, radio, television, soundtracks, podcasts, sound effects and nearly every other kind of complex recorded audio.
Alatskivi Castle
Alatskivi Castle (Estonian: Alatskivi loss, German: Schloss Allatzkiwwi) is a neo-Gothic castle in Alatskivi, Estonia. Dating to the 17th century, it is situated in Peipsiääre Parish, Tartu County. It was rebuilt in the late 19th century by Baron Arved von Nolcken, modeled on the royal residence of Balmoral in Scotland. A renovation occurred between 2005 and 2011. Five rooms on the first floor house the Eduard Tubin museum, which documents his accomplishments as a music composer and conductor.

Alatskivi Castle is surrounded by various ancillary buildings and a forested park of 130 hectares (320 acres) area, the largest in Tartu County. The park contains many oaks, ashes, maples, alders and an approach road lined with linden trees.

Peipsiääre Parish
Peipsiääre Parish is a rural municipality located in the Tartu County, Estonia. The municipality of Peipsiäere was formed as a result of the administrative reform on 23 October 2017. Peipsiääre Parish area covers 652 square km and records a population of 5,059 people as of January 1, 2023.

The capital of this municipality is Alatskivi.
Characteristic X-ray
Characteristic X-rays are emitted when outer-shell electrons fill a vacancy in the inner shell of an atom, releasing X-rays in a pattern that is "characteristic" to each element. Characteristic X-rays were discovered by Charles Glover Barkla in 1909, who later won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery in 1917.

X-ray notation
X-ray notation is a method of labeling atomic orbitals that grew out of X-ray science. Also known as IUPAC notation, it was adopted by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry in 1991 as a simplification of the older Siegbahn notation.  In X-ray notation, every principal quantum number is given a letter associated with it. In many areas of physics and chemistry, atomic orbitals are described with spectroscopic notation (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, etc.), but the more traditional X-ray notation is still used with most X-ray spectroscopy techniques including AES and XPS.
2017 Brown Bears football team
The 2017 Brown Bears football team represented Brown University as a member of the Ivy League during the 2017 NCAA Division I FCS football season. Led by 20th-year head coach Phil Estes, the Bears compiled an overall record of 2–8 with a mark of 0–7 in conference play, placing last out of eight teams in the Ivy League. Brown played home games at Brown Stadium in Providence, Rhode Island.

Richard Gouse Field at Brown Stadium
Richard Gouse Field at Brown Stadium is a football stadium located in Providence, Rhode Island. It is the home of Brown University's football and outdoor track teams. The athletic teams at Brown University, known as the Bears, compete in the Ivy League. Brown was the last Ivy stadium with a grass playing field until the installation of a FieldTurf surface in 2021. The field is named for Richard I. Gouse '68, the primary donor of the turf field.
Geology of Texas
Texas contains a wide variety of geologic settings. The state's stratigraphy has been largely influenced by marine transgressive-regressive cycles during the Phanerozoic, with a lesser but still significant contribution from late Cenozoic tectonic activity, as well as the remnants of a Paleozoic mountain range.

Ouachita Mountains
The Ouachita Mountains (/ˈwɒʃɪtɔː/), simply referred to as the Ouachitas, are a mountain range in western Arkansas and southeastern Oklahoma. They are formed by a thick succession of highly deformed Paleozoic strata constituting the Ouachita Fold and Thrust Belt, one of the important orogenic belts of North America. The Ouachitas continue in the subsurface to the northeast, where they make a poorly understood connection with the Appalachians and to the southwest, where they join with the Marathon uplift area of West Texas. Together with the Ozark Plateaus, the Ouachitas form the U.S. Interior Highlands. The highest natural point is Mount Magazine at 2,753 feet (839 m).

The Ouachita Mountains is a Level III ecoregion designated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The region has been subdivided into six Level IV ecoregions.
1993 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's heptathlon
The men's heptathlon event  at the 1993 IAAF World Indoor Championships was held on 13 and 14 March. Held for the first time, heptathlon was a non-championship event at this edition and the medals awarded did not count towards the total medal status.

1993 IAAF World Indoor Championships
The 4th IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics were held at the Skydome in Toronto, Ontario, Canada from March 12 to March 14, 1993. It was the last Indoor Championships to feature the 5,000 and 3,000 metres race walk events. In addition, it was the first Indoor Championships to include heptathlon and pentathlon, albeit as non-championship events. There were a total number of 537 athletes participated from 93 countries.
Eclipse Stakes (Morris Park)
The Eclipse Stakes was an American Thorougbred race for two-year-old horses of either sex. Inaugurated August 24, 1889 at New York's Morris Park Racecourse with a then substantial purse of $28,000, from inception through 1894 the race was known as the Great Eclipse Stakes. Initially run at a distance of 6 furlongs, in 1897 the race was reduced to 5 1/2 furlongs. The Morris Park facility did not reopen after its 1904 racing season and in 1905 the event was taken up by the owners of the new Belmont Park racing facility in Elmont, New York where it would be run annually through 1907.

Tammany (horse)
Tammany was an American Thoroughbred race horse. He was the favorite horse owned by Montana Copper King, Marcus Daly. Out of the American mare Tullahoma, a granddaughter of King Tom, the leading sire in Great Britain & Ireland in 1870 and 1871, Tammany's sire was Iroquois, the first American horse ever to win England's Epsom Derby.

Tammany was the retrospective American Horse of the Year for 1892.

Tammany was bred in Tennessee and foaled there in 1889 at the Belle Meade Stud of William H. Jackson. Marcus Daly bought him in 1890 for $2,500. In 1893 there was a rivalry going on between Tammany and the favorite horse of the East, Lamplighter. A race was set up for the two horses in Guttenberg, New Jersey. Daly had said, "If Tammany beats Lamplighter, I'll build him a castle." Tammany won by 4 lengths. His "castle", originally an elegant barn, now a private home, is located on a hill about a mile east of Hamilton, MT.
Communicating vein
Communicating veins are veins that communicate two different points of the same venous system. Other veins that connect the superficial venous system with the deep venous system are known as perforator veins.

They can communicate the great saphenous vein with the small saphenous vein, (for example the Giacomini vein).

Deep vein
A deep vein is a vein that is deep in the body.  This contrasts with superficial veins that are close to the body's surface.

Deep veins are almost always beside an artery with the same name (e.g. the femoral vein is beside the femoral artery).  Collectively, they carry the vast majority of the blood.  Occlusion of a deep vein can be life-threatening and is most often caused by thrombosis.  Occlusion of a deep vein by thrombosis is called deep vein thrombosis.

Because of their location deep within the body, operation on these veins can be difficult.
Alfred Postles
Alfred Postles (16 June 1903 – 11 August 1976) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played 31 first-class matches for Auckland between 1924 and 1943.

Alf Postles was a batsman and occasional off-spin bowler who captained Auckland for three seasons, in each of which they won the Plunket Shield: 1933–34, 1937-38 and 1938–39. His best match was against Canterbury in the 1937-38 Plunket Shield, when he made his highest score, 103, and took his best figures, 4 for 20, and Auckland beat Canterbury by an innings and 193 runs. He later served as president of the Auckland Cricket Association and of the New Zealand Cricket Council.

Postles was educated at Auckland Grammar School. He married Marjorie Jeffries in Auckland on 27 January 1930. He served as a lieutenant in the New Zealand Army during World War II, stationed in New Zealand.

His son Bryce played for Auckland in the 1950s.

Auckland cricket team
The Auckland cricket team represent the Auckland region and are one of six New Zealand domestic first class cricket teams. Governed by the Auckland Cricket Association they are the most successful team having won 28 Plunket Shield titles, ten wins in The Ford Trophy and the Super Smash four times. The team currently play their home games at Eden Park Outer Oval.

The limited overs team, known as the Auckland Aces, have a predominantly light blue kit with a navy and white trim. Their One Day Championship shirt sponsors are Ford whilst their major T20 sponsor is Mondiale.

They won the Men's Super Smash competition in the 2015–16 season, their 4th domestic Twenty20 title overall, making them become the most successful team in New Zealand.