hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Regimiento
The regimiento, cabildo de regidores or concejo cerrado ("closed council") was a system of local government established from the 14h century onwards in the Crown of Castile. A feature of the progressive oligarchization of the form of government in the cities, the change from the overruled concejo abierto system entailed a reduction of the government to a relatively small number of regidores. Urban oligarchies intended to fully capture the nomination of the regidores (appointed by the monarch in the case of realengo) since the beginning. The bulk of the establishment of the new regime chiefly took place between 1345 and the later years of the reign of Alfonso XI of Castile.

Oligarchy
Oligarchy (from Ancient Greek  ὀλιγαρχία (oligarkhía) 'rule by few'; from  ὀλίγος (olígos) 'few' and  ἄρχω (árkhō) 'to rule, command') is a form of government in which power rests with a small number of people. Leaders of such regimes are often referred to as oligarchs, and generally are characterized by having titles of nobility or high amounts of wealth.
Antisemitism in Venezuela
Antisemitism in Venezuela has occurred throughout the history of the Jews in Venezuela. However, under the presidencies of both Hugo Chávez and Nicolás Maduro, allegations of antisemitism grew following actions and statements by the Venezuelan government, while also occurring in public incidents. The Bolivarian government would also use the words of "Jewish" and "Zionist" interchangeably in order to avoid accusations of antisemitism.

The Jewish population also declined rapidly under the Bolivarian government according to the Algemeiner Journal, with an estimated population of 22,000 in 1999, falling to under 7,000 in 2015. Though specific leaders have used antisemitic language, Venezuela's broader history of antisemitism is not large or unusual.

History of the Jews in Venezuela
The history of the Jews in Venezuela dates to the middle of the 17th century, when records suggest that groups of marranos (Spanish and Portuguese descendants of baptized Jews suspected of secret adherence to Judaism) lived in Tucacas, Caracas and Maracaibo. The Jewish community, however, did not become established in Venezuela until the middle of the 19th century. Since Hugo Chávez took power in 1999, tension has existed between the government and Jewish population, which has seen large numbers emigrating. Today, the majority of Venezuelan Jews live in Israel, while modern-day Venezuela continues to host a modest Jewish population.
Handspike
A handspike is a metal bar or pipe that is used as a lever for prying or leverage, similar to a crowbar. Handspike is also an archaic term for a bar or lever, generally of wood, used in a windlass or capstan, for heaving anchor, and, in modified forms, for various other purposes.

On the Calder and Hebble Navigation in England, a handspike in the form of a length of 2-by-4-inch (5 by 10 cm) timber shaped at one end to provide a comfortable two-handed grip is used to operate the winding gear of some of the locks.

Crowbar
A crowbar is a lever consisting of a metal bar with a single curved end and flattened points, used to force two objects apart or gain mechanical advantage in lifting; often the curved end has a notch for removing nails.

The design can be used as any of the three lever classes. The curved end is usually used as a first-class lever, and the flat end as a second-class lever.

Designs made from thick flat steel bar are often referred to as utility bars.
Loveeeeeee Song
"Loveeeeeee Song" is a song by the Barbadian recording artist Rihanna recorded for her seventh album Unapologetic (2012). The song features vocals by American rapper Future who also co-wrote, and music produced by Luney Tunez, Emmanuel Zaragoza (previously known as Mex Manny) and Future. Additional writing was done by Denisia "Blu June" Andrews and Rihanna herself.

"Loveeeeeee Song" received favorable reviews from music journalists, some of whom complimented Rihanna's vocals and called it a "stand-out track, while others called the song a "touching duet". It has since then peaked at number 55 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and charted on the R&B Chart at number 17 in the United Kingdom. The song is also included on the setlist of her Diamonds World Tour (2013).

Def Jam Recordings
Def Jam Recordings (also simply known as Def Jam) is an American multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It is based in Manhattan, New York City, specializing predominantly in hip-hop, contemporary R&B, soul and pop.

The label has a London-based, UK arm known as 0207 Def Jam (formerly Def Jam UK in the 1990s until the mid-2000s) and is currently operated through EMI Records. It has a Johannesburg, South Africa and Lagos, Nigeria-based arm known as Def Jam Africa.
Mukasa Castle
Mukasa Castle (穆佐城, Mukasa-jō) was a Japanese castle located in the Takaoka neighborhood of what is now the city of Miyazaki, Miyazaki Prefecture, in southeastern Kyushu, Japan. Its ruins have been protected by the central government as a National Historic Site since 2002. It was also called Musain High Castle (穆佐院高城, Musain-Takajō). It is one of the 48 castles controlled by the Itō clan in Hyūga Province in the Sengoku period.

Hyūga Province
Hyūga Province (日向国, Hyūga no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [çɯꜜː.ɡa (no kɯ.ɲi), çɯꜜː.ŋa-]) was a province of Japan in the area of southeastern Kyushu, corresponding to modern Miyazaki Prefecture Hyūga bordered on Ōsumi to the south, Higo to the west, and Bungo to the north. Its abbreviated form name was Kōshū (向州), although it was also called Nisshū (日州). In terms of the Gokishichidō system, Hyūga was one of the provinces of the Saikaidō circuit. Under the Engishiki classification system, Hyūga was ranked as one of the "middle countries" (中国) in terms of importance, and one of the "far countries" (遠国) in terms of distance from the capital.
Tanzhesi
Tanzhesi Town (Chinese: 潭柘寺镇; pinyin: Tánzhèsì Zhèn) is a town located in southeastern Mentougou District, Beijing, China. It borders Dongxinfang Subdistrict, Yongding and Longquan Towns in the north, Yongding and Wangzuo Towns in the east, Qinglonghu and Hebei Towns in the south, and Fozizhuang Township in the west. Its population was 11,053 in 2020.

The name Tanzhesi refers to Tanzhe Temple that is located inside the town.

Wangzuo
Wangzuo Town (Chinese: 王佐镇; pinyin: Wángzuǒ Zhèn) a town on the southwest of Fengtai District, Beijing, China. It is bordering Yongding Township to the north, Beigong Town and Yungang Subdistrict to the east, Changyang Town, Gongcheng and Xilu Subdistricts to the south, Qinglonghu and Tanzhesi Towns to the west. The town had a population of 59,452 in 2020.

The name of Wangzuo (Chinese: 王佐) Town was given during the Qing dynasty by a noble who chose to be buried in the region after his death.
Orwara railway station
Orwara railway station is a railway station on Lucknow–Gorakhpur line under the Lucknow NER railway division of North Eastern Railway zone. This is situated beside National Highway 28 at Wankashi, Orwara in Basti district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

Lucknow NER railway division
Lucknow NER railway division is one of the three railway divisions under the jurisdiction of North Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. This railway division was formed on 14 April 1952.

Izzatnagar railway division (at Bareilly City) and Varanasi railway division are the other two railway divisions under NER Zone headquartered at Gorakhpur.
Sten Thiel
Sten Thiel served as the International Commissioner of the Svenska Scoutförbundet, as well as a member of the International Scout Committee.

In 1953, Thiel was awarded the 8th Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting. He was also a 1935 recipient of the Silver Wolf, the highest commendation in Swedish Scouting.

Svenska Scoutrådet
Svenska Scoutrådet (The Swedish Guide and Scout Council, SSR) was, until 2012, the national Scouting and Guiding Federation of Sweden. The council was dissolved in September 2013 after a restructuring process creating the new single national Scout association, Scouterna (The Guides and Scouts of Sweden).

Scouting in Sweden was founded in 1908, and Guiding followed in 1910. The Swedish Boy Scouts were among the charter members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922; the Girl Guides were among the founders of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts in 1928.
NGC 18
NGC 18 is a double star system located in the constellation of Pegasus. It was first recorded by Herman Schultz on 15 October 1866. It was looked for but not found by Édouard Stephan on 2 October 1882. It was independently  observed by Guillaume Bigourdan in November 1886.

Both stars are 2528±20 light-years away, and based on this distance have a minimum separation of approximately 2,700 astronomical units, an unusually wide separation for a binary system.

Pegasus (constellation)
Pegasus is a constellation in the northern sky, named after the winged horse Pegasus in Greek mythology. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and is one of the 88 constellations recognised today. It lies just north of the celestial equator.

With an apparent magnitude varying between 2.37 and 2.45, the brightest star in Pegasus is the orange supergiant Epsilon Pegasi, also known as Enif, which marks the horse's muzzle. Alpha (Markab), Beta (Scheat), and Gamma (Algenib), together with Alpha Andromedae (Alpheratz) form the large asterism known as the Square of Pegasus. Twelve star systems have been found to have exoplanets.

51 Pegasi was the first Sun-like star discovered to have an exoplanet companion. It is just over 50 light years distance.
Dreimorengesetz
Dreimorengesetz (German: [dʁaɪˈmoːʁən.ɡəˌzɛts]; 'three-mora law') is a linguistic rule proposed by German philologist Hermann Hirt. According to the rule, an enclitic cannot be more than three morae in length. That is, three shorts, a long and a short, or a short and a long. Within a single word the most that can follow the accent is a long and a short.

Syllable weight
In linguistics, syllable weight is the concept that syllables pattern together according to the number and/or duration of segments in the rime. In classical Indo-European verse, as developed in Greek, Sanskrit, and Latin, distinctions of syllable weight were fundamental to the meter of the line.
Erotic Probiotic 2
Erotic Probiotic 2 is the debut studio album by American singer and record producer Marcus Brown under the alias Nourished by Time, released on April 21, 2023, through Scenic Route Records. The album was written, recorded, and produced by Brown in the basement of his parents' home in Baltimore. Encompassing multiple genres, it explores themes of anti-capitalism, heartbreak, spirituality, and depression. It received acclaim from critics, being ranked on several lists of the best albums of 2023.

Sophisti-pop
Sophisti-pop is a pop music subgenre that developed during the mid-1980s out of the British new wave era. It originated with acts who blended elements of jazz, soul, and pop with lavish production. The term "sophisti-pop" was coined only after the genre's peak in the mid-late 1980s.
Lisa Sturz
Lisa Aimee Sturz (born February 2, 1955) is an American puppeteer, arts educator, and founder of Red Herring Puppets, a national touring company established in 1988. Sturz's puppeteering career has spanned more than five decades. She puppeteered in Howard the Duck, RoboCop 2, and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles III. She was puppet master for The Ring Cycle at the Lyric Opera of Chicago andThe Magic Flute at the Jacobs School of Music and the Atlanta Opera. Her production of My Grandfather's Prayers received a Telly award, and her touring show Aesop's Fables received an UNIMA Citation.

Bil Baird
William Britton "Bil" Baird (August 15, 1904 – March 18, 1987) was an American puppeteer of the mid- and late 20th century. He and his puppets performed for millions of adults and children. One of his better known creations was Charlemane the lion. He and his wife Cora Eisenberg Baird (1912–1967) produced and performed the famous puppetry sequence for "The Lonely Goatherd" in the film version of The Sound of Music. His son Peter Baird was also a puppeteer, and he continued his family's legacy until his own death in July 2004.

He wrote The Art of the Puppet (1965) and provided the puppets for Dark Shadows. Baird also created the expandable nose Peter Noone wore as Pinocchio in the 1968 musical adaptation of the Carlo Collodi story that aired on NBC as a Hallmark Hall of Fame special.
Impact Wrestling Sacrifice (2020)
The 2020 Sacrifice was a professional wrestling event produced by Impact Wrestling in conjunction with Ohio Valley Wrestling. The event took place on February 22, 2020, at the Davis Arena in Louisville, Kentucky and aired on Impact Plus. It was the eleventh event in the Sacrifice chronology and the first to be held as an Impact Plus Monthly Special.

Professional wrestling throws
Professional wrestling throws are the application of professional wrestling techniques that involve lifting the opponent up and throwing or slamming them down. They are sometimes also called "power" maneuvers, as they are meant to emphasize a wrestler's strength. Many of these moves are used as finishers by various wrestlers, who refer to them by several different names that reflect their gimmick. Moves are listed under general categories whenever possible.
Fuse Box (album)
Fuse Box was an AC/DC tribute album released in Australia in 1995 by BMG. The album compiled a selection of the country's more prominent alternative rock artists from the period. Most of these songs only appear on this album, except Ed Kuepper's "Highway to Hell", which he also recorded for his album A King in the Kindness Room. A live version of "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap" was included on Nitocris' 1995 "Epic Voyage" EP. The Meanies' version of "It's a Long Way to the Top" was released as a single, with a promotional video featuring the band playing on the back of a truck driving through the Melbourne CBD, an homage to the original clip.

T.N.T. (album)
T.N.T. is the second studio album by Australian hard rock band AC/DC, released only in Australia and New Zealand on 1 December 1975. This was the band's first release with bassist Mark Evans and drummer Phil Rudd, although the last two tracks feature George Young and Tony Currenti, both of whom previously appeared on High Voltage.
Girardinus falcatus
Girardinus falcatus, the goldbelly topminnow, is a species of Cuban tropical fish. Another common name of the species is yellow belly. The fish is pale gold and has a bright blue iris. Males are smaller than females and constantly mate. Females can grow to 8.5 cm (3.3 in) standard length, males to less than half of that.

Tropical fish
Tropical fish are fish found in aquatic tropical environments around the world. Fishkeepers often keep tropical fish in freshwater and saltwater aquariums. The term "tropical fish" is not a taxonomic group, but rather is a general term for fish found in such environments, particularly those kept in aquariums.
Albert Trott
Albert Edwin Trott (6 February 1873 – 30 July 1914) was a Test cricketer for both Australia and England. He was named as one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1899. He is believed to be the only batsman to have struck a ball over the top of the Lord's Pavilion.  He is also one of only two players to take two hat-tricks in the same first-class innings, the other being Joginder Rao.  Despite his notability, having played in 375 first-class matches including 5 Tests, he was almost penniless when he killed himself at the age of 41.

Glossary of cricket terms
This is a general glossary of the terminology used in the sport of cricket. Where words in a sentence are also defined elsewhere in this article, they appear in italics. Certain aspects of cricket terminology are explained in more detail in cricket statistics and the naming of fielding positions is explained at fielding (cricket).

Cricket is known for its rich terminology. Some terms are often thought to be arcane and humorous by those not familiar with the game.
Camper Vantiquities
Camper Vantiquities is a 1993 rarities compilation album by musical group Camper Van Beethoven, released on I.R.S.  It included the earlier EP Vampire Can Mating Oven and a number of other unreleased tracks, compiled by bassist Victor Krummenacher a few years after the band split up.  The 2004 re-release added several more tracks, all demo versions of songs that appeared on the band's two Virgin Records albums.

Vampire Can Mating Oven
Vampire Can Mating Oven is an EP of rarities and unreleased songs by the alternative rock band Camper Van Beethoven, released in 1987 in the US on their own Pitch-A-Tent Records label.

The EP includes satirical liner notes relating false stories behind the songs. "Photograph" and "Never Go Back" were taken from a BBC Radio One session recorded in March 1987 for the Janice Long show. A re-recorded version of "Never Go Back" was included the following year on the band's major label debut, Our Beloved Revolutionary Sweetheart.

The UK edition on Rough Trade Records featured an extra track on Side 1 - "Good Guys & Bad Guys" from their self-titled 1986 album Camper Van Beethoven.
Shojae Khalilzadeh
Shojae Khalilzadeh (Persian: شجاع خلیل زاده; born 14 May 1989) is an Iranian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Persian Gulf Pro League club Tractor and Iran national team. He is known for his pace, artistic tackles and positional sense.

Khalilzadeh starting his career in Kerman where he moved to two clubs, first joining Mes Rafsanjan and then signing with Mes Kerman in 2010. His performance earned him a transfer to Sepahan Isfahan in 2013 and spent four years with Talaei Pooshan, which included a successful loan spell with Tractor in Tabriz to complete his mandatory military service in IRGC. In May 2017, Khalilzadeh joined Persepolis side that he helped turn into one of the strongest on the continent, before joining Qatari side Al-Rayyan in October 2020.

2018 AFC Champions League
The 2018 AFC Champions League was the 37th edition of Asia's premier club football tournament organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), and the 16th under the current AFC Champions League title.

Kashima Antlers won the title for the first time, defeating Persepolis in the final, and qualified as the AFC representative at the 2018 FIFA Club World Cup in the United Arab Emirates.

Urawa Red Diamonds were the title holders, but they were unable to defend their title as they finished seventh in the 2017 J1 League and were eliminated in the fourth round of the 2017 Emperor's Cup, thus did not qualify for the tournament. It marked the second season in a row without title holders after Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors were disqualified in 2017 as a result of their involvement in a match-fixing scandal in 2016.
John P. Merrill
John Putnam Merrill (March 10, 1917 – April 14, 1984) was an American physician and medical researcher. He led the team which performed the world's first successful kidney transplant.  He generally credited as the "father of nephrology" or "the founder of nephrology," which is the scientific study of the kidney and its diseases.

Brigham and Women's Hospital
Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH or The Brigham) is a teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School and the largest hospital in the Longwood Medical Area in Boston, Massachusetts. Along with Massachusetts General Hospital, it is one of the two founding members of Mass General Brigham, the largest healthcare provider in Massachusetts. Giles Boland, MD, serves as the hospital's current president.

Brigham and Women's Hospital conducts the second largest hospital-based research program in the world, with an annual research budget of more than $630 million.
Indian Navy amphibious vessel acquisition project
The procurement of Landing Platform Docks (LPD) by the Indian Navy is an initiative of the Indian Navy (IN) to procure a series of landing platform docks, specific vessels dedicated to amphibious warfare, as part of the service's strategy to augment its capabilities of amphibious warfare, disaster-response, humanitarian assistance and auxiliary duties.

India had long sought to procure amphibious warfare vessels, including landing platform docks; multiple initiatives in procuring specified vessels of the aforementioned type were initiated as early as 2009. However, such measures have been frequently delayed, on account of varying reasons.

The IN currently operates one landing platform dock — INS Jalashwa, an ex-Austin-class amphibious transport dock, which was purchased from the United States Navy (USN) in 2007.

Larsen & Toubro
Larsen & Toubro Limited (L&T) is an Indian multinational conglomerate headquartered in Mumbai. It operates in sectors including industrial technology, heavy industry, engineering, construction, manufacturing, power, information technology, defence, and financial services.

L&T was founded in 1938 in Bombay by Danish engineers Henning Holck-Larsen and Søren Kristian Toubro. As of  31 March 2022, the L&T Group consisted of 93 subsidiaries, 5 associate companies, 27 joint ventures, and 35 joint operations. As of 1 October 2023, S N Subrahmanyan serves as the chairman and managing director of L&T, having succeeded A M Naik.
John Rosbrugh
The Rev. John Rosbrugh (c. 1714 – 1777), was an ordained a Presbyterian minister. In 1776, at the beginning of the American Revolutionary War, he organized and became commander of the 3rd Northampton County, Pennsylvania militia, and then accepted a commission as company chaplain. Rosbrugh was killed at the Battle of the Assunpink Creek, also known as the Second Battle of Trenton, the first U.S. chaplain killed in battle.

East Allen Township, Pennsylvania
East Allen Township is a township in Northampton County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population of East Allen Township was 5,010 at the 2020 census. East Allen is part of the Lehigh Valley metropolitan area, which had a population of 861,899 and was the 68th-most populous metropolitan area in the U.S. as of the 2020 census.
Ayala Westgrove Heights
Ayala Westgrove Heights is a residential development by Ayala Land located in Silang, Cavite, Philippines. Located adjacent to Santa Rosa, Laguna, it is approximately 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) from the Santa Rosa–Tagaytay Road. The gross land area is approximately 400 hectares (990 acres), with an estimated density of 10 lots per hectare.

Ayala Westgrove Heights was founded by Ayala Land in 1998.

Currently, there are two entrances to Ayala Westgrove Heights, via the South Entrance that can be accessed directly from Santa Rosa via South Boulevard and via Acacia Gate near the Laguna Technopark Annex in Biñan, Laguna.

Silang, Cavite
Silang (Tagalog: [ˈsi.lɐŋ]), officially the Municipality of Silang (Filipino: Bayan ng Silang), is a municipality in the province of Cavite, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 313,145 people. Its land area is 209.43 km2 (80.86 sq mi), making it the largest municipality in Cavite.

It is known for its scenic landscapes and rich cultural heritage. Also renowned for its agricultural produce particularly sweet mangoes, which are regarded as some of the best in the country.
Pseudomonas libanensis
Pseudomonas libanensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, fluorescent, motile bacterium isolated from natural springs in Lebanon. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. libanensis has been placed in the P. fluorescens group.

Pseudomonas fluorescens
Pseudomonas fluorescens is a common Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium. It belongs to the Pseudomonas genus; 16S rRNA analysis as well as phylogenomic analysis has placed P. fluorescens in the P. fluorescens group within the genus, to which it lends its name.