hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Berlin Group
The Berlin Group consist of almost forty banks, associations and payment service providers (PSPs) from across the European Union. The objective was to define open and common scheme- and processor-independent standards in the inter-banking domain between creditor banks (acquirers) and debtor banks (issuer) and to complement the work carried out by organisations like the European Payments Council. The Berlin Group first met in Berlin, from which it derived its name, in October 2004.

To achieve this objective, the Berlin Group established a pure technical standardisation body, focusing on detailed technical and organisational requirements. This common API standard is called "NextGenPSD2" after the PSD2 directive and was developed to create uniform and interoperable communications between banks and third-party processors (TPPs).

Single Euro Payments Area
The Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA) is a payment integration initiative of the European Union for simplification of bank transfers denominated in euros. As of 2025, there were 41 members in SEPA, consisting of the 27 member states of the European Union, the four member states of the European Free Trade Association (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland), the United Kingdom, as well as five EU candidate countries. Some microstates participate in the technical schemes: Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City. As of 2025, Albania, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia are the five countries negotiating to join the EU that are included in SEPA.

SEPA covers predominantly normal bank transfers. Payment methods which have additional optional features or services, such as mobile phone or smart card payment systems, are not directly covered. However, the instant SEPA payment scheme facilitates payment products also on smart devices.
Leptolalax croceus
Leptolalax croceus (orange-bellied leaf-litter toad) is a species of toad in the family Megophryidae. Discovered in the Central Vietnam in 2010, it is endemic to the region as it is only known from its type locality, Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve in Đắk Glei District, Kon Tum Province. However, given the vicinity of the border to Laos it is also likely to be found there. Its belly has light orange color, which is unique among Leptolalax. It is a medium-sized species within its genus: snout-vent length of 16 males was in the range 22–27 mm (0.87–1.06 in). The species was found from evergreen 
forest at about 1,300 m (4,300 ft) elevation.

Kon Tum province
Kon Tum was a former province in the Central Highlands region, the Central of Vietnam. It borders Quảng Nam to the north, Gia Lai to the south, Quảng Ngãi to the east, Sekong, Attapeu of Laos and Ratanakiri of Cambodia in the west.

Kon Tum shares borders with Laos and Cambodia. It has an area of 9,677.30 km2 (3,736.43 sq mi) and a population of approximately 530,000. The economy is primarily agricultural.

On June 12, 2025, Kon Tum was incorporated into Quảng Ngãi province.
Qudsia Begum
Qudsia Begum (dead fl. 1768) was a wife of Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah and mother of emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur. She was appointed an administrator early on and served as de facto regent from 1748 to 1754.

Safdar Jang
Asaf Jah Jamat-ul-Mulk Shuja-ud-Daula Nawab Abul Mansur Khan Bahadur Safdar Jang Sipah Salar (c. 1708 – 5 October 1754), better known as Safdar Jang, was the second Nawab of Kingdom of Awadh succeeding Saadat Ali Khan I (his maternal uncle and father-in-law) in the year 1739 and Mughal Grand Vizier from 1748 to 1753. All future Nawabs of Awadh were patriarchal descendants of Safdar Jang. He was a major political figure at the imperial Mughal court during its declining years.
Chileuma
Chileuma is a genus of Chilean long-spinneret ground spiders that was first described by Norman I. Platnick, M. U. Shadab & L. N. Sorkin in 2005. As of June 2019 it contains only three species, found only in Chile: C. paposo, C. renca, and C. serena.

Prodidomidae
Prodidomidae is a family of spider, sometimes called long-spinneret ground spiders. It was formerly regarded as a subfamily of Gnaphosidae, but was raised to a family in 2022.

Spiders in the family are easily identified by the greatly elongated base of the piriform gland spigots. At least parts of their body are covered with shiny scales or setae. The posterior median eyes are flat and silvery, with a triangular, egg-shaped or irregularly rectangular shape.
Umina Beach
Umina Beach (/juːmaɪnə/ you-MY-nə) is a suburb within the Central Coast Council local government area on the Central Coast of New South Wales, Australia. Umina Beach is situated 85 kilometres (53 mi) north of Sydney and 111 kilometres (69 mi) south of Newcastle.

Umina Beach is locally known on the Central Coast as being on 'The Peninsula' (or 'Woy Woy Peninsula'). A natural peninsula that includes the towns of Umina Beach, Woy Woy, Blackwall, Booker Bay and Ettalong Beach.  Moving from north to south, Umina Beach begins where Woy Woy and Blackwall end: at Veron Road and Gallipoli Avenue.

Umina Beach is the most populated suburb on the Central Coast.

Blackwall, New South Wales
Blackwall is a suburb of the Central Coast region of New South Wales, Australia, south of Woy Woy on Brisbane Water, 81 kilometres (50 mi) north of Sydney. It is part of the Central Coast Council local government area.

The suburb includes a boat ramp and a bushland recreation reserve, Kitchener Reserve, offering walk trails and views from Blackwall Mountain. The section of the suburb east of Kitchener Park is locally known as Orange Grove.

Blackwall was, between 1862 and 1913, the site of the Rock Davis shipyard, and over 120 wooden-hulled vessels were built there. Among the best known were the fast Sydney Harbour ferry, Vaucluse, built in 1905, Queen Bee, a small 'sixty-miler' built in 1907, and the small twin-screw coastal steamer, Belbowrie, built in 1911. The last vessel built there was the ferry, Woollahra.

The naming of Blackwall is credited to Rock Davis, who named it after Blackwall, London, which was also a centre of shipbuilding.
Ytterbium(III) iodate
Ytterbium(III) iodate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Yb(IO3)3. Its dihydrate can be prepared by reacting ytterbium sulfate and iodic acid in water at 200 °C. It crystallizes in the P21/c space group, with unit cell parameters a=8.685, b=6.066, c=16.687 Å, β=115.01°.

Ytterbium(III) sulfate
Ytterbium(III) sulfate (ytterbium sulphate) is a ytterbium salt of sulfuric acid, with formula Yb2(SO4)3.  It is used mostly for research. This compound's solubility decreases with increasing temperature.
Sadabad, Qom
Sadabad (Persian: سعداباد, also Romanized as Sa‘dābād; also known as Sa‘īdābād, Şeydābād, and Seyyedābād) is a village in Jafarabad Rural District, Jafarabad District, Qom County, Qom Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 57, in 9 families.

Jafarabad Rural District
Jafarabad Rural District (Persian: دهستان جعفرآباد) is in the Central District of Jafarabad County, Qom province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Jafarabad. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Gazeran, now the city of Jafariyeh.
Master of Science in Cyber Security
A Master of Science in Cyber Security is a type of postgraduate academic master's degree awarded by universities in many countries.  This degree is typically studied for in cyber security.  
What is offered by many institutions is actually called a Master in Strategic Cyber Operations and Information Management (SCOIM) which is commonly understood to be a Master in Cybersecurity.  This degree is offered by at least some universities in their Professional Studies program (GWU for one) so that it can be accomplished while students are employed - in other words it allows for "distance learning" or online attendance.  Requirements for the Professional Studies program include: 3.0 or better undergrad GPA, professional recommendations letters and an essay.

Cyber espionage
Cyber espionage, cyber spying, or cyber-collection is the act or practice of obtaining secrets and information without the permission and knowledge of the holder of the information using methods on the Internet, networks or individual computers through the use of proxy servers, cracking techniques and malicious software including Trojan horses and spyware. Cyber espionage can be used to target various actors – individuals, competitors, rivals, groups, governments, and others – in order to obtain personal, economic, political or military advantages. It may wholly be perpetrated online from computer desks of professionals on bases in far away countries or may involve infiltration at home by computer trained conventional spies and moles or in other cases may be the criminal handiwork of amateur malicious hackers and software programmers.
The Biggest Loser season 10
The Biggest Loser: Pay It Forward is the tenth season of the NBC reality television series entitled The Biggest Loser. The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize, which was awarded to Patrick House, the finalist with the highest percentage of weight lost. It premiered on September 21, 2010 as the first season to be filmed in high definition, and concluded on December 14, 2010.

The Biggest Loser (American TV series)
The Biggest Loser is an American competition reality show that initially ran on NBC for 17 seasons from 2004 to 2016, returning in 2020 – for an 18th and final season – on USA Network. The show features obese and overweight contestants competing to win a cash prize by losing the highest percentage of weight relative to their initial weight.
John Charlwood
John Charlwood (8 March 1871 – 8 September 1923) was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Sussex. He was born in East Grinstead and died in Westminster.

Charlwood made three first-class appearances during the 1890 season, while he was still a mere nineteen years old - his debut coming against Marylebone Cricket Club. While Jesse Hide hit four wickets in four balls for Sussex, all but two batsmen in the entire match were stuck on single-figure scores.

In the following fortnight, Charlwood played two County Championship matches, one a sound thrashing at the hands of Nottinghamshire, which included a first-innings second-wicket partnership of 398 from Arthur Shrewsbury and Billy Gunn, and the second, a pleasing victory against WG Grace's Gloucestershire.

William Gunn (cricketer)
William Gunn (4 December 1858 – 29 January 1921) was an English sportsman who played internationally in both cricket and football. In first-class cricket, Gunn played professionally for Nottinghamshire from 1880 to 1904 and represented England in 11 Test matches. In football, he played for both Notts County and Nottingham Forest as an amateur and played twice for England, scoring one goal in the inaugural 1884 British Home Championship.
Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick
Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick (née Cherfilus; /ˈʃɜːrfɪləs/ SHUR-fill-əss; born January 25, 1979) is an American businesswoman and politician serving as the U.S. representative for Florida's 20th congressional district since 2022. Her district covers most of the Black-majority areas in and around Fort Lauderdale and West Palm Beach. A member of the Democratic Party, she won a special election in 2022 to fill the seat left vacant after the death of Alcee Hastings.

Cherfilus-McCormick has been the subject of financial fraud charges including, in November 2025, being indicted on 17 counts of theft of $5 million in FEMA funds, money laundering, and making illegal campaign contributions. If convicted, she faces up to 53 years in prison.

United States House Committee on Ethics
The U.S. House Committee on Ethics, often known simply as the Ethics Committee, is one of the committees of the United States House of Representatives. Before the 112th Congress, it was known as the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct.

The House Ethics Committee has often received criticism. In response to criticism, the House created the Office of Congressional Ethics (OCE), an independent non-partisan entity established to monitor ethical conduct in the House.
Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School
The Department of Neurobiology at Harvard Medical School is located in the Longwood Medical Area of Boston, MA. The Department is part of the Basic Research Program at Harvard Medical School, with research pertaining to development of the nervous system, sensory neuroscience, neurophysiology, and behavior. The Department was founded by Stephen W. Kuffler in 1966, the first department dedicated to neurobiology in the world. The mission of the department is “to understand the workings of the brain through basic research and to use that knowledge to work toward preventive and therapeutic methods that alleviate neurological diseases”.

Edward Kravitz
Edward Arthur Kravitz (December 19, 1932 – September 21, 2025) was an American neuroscientist and George Packer Berry Professor of Neurobiology at Harvard Medical School. He is widely recognized for demonstrating that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) functions as a neurotransmitter. He and Antony Stretton were the first to use the intracellular dye procion yellow to visualize neuronal architecture.
Kravitz's work with neuroamines demonstrated that serotonin and octopamine act as synaptic modulators.
Kravitz continued to explore the function of amines in aggression using Homarus americanus, the American lobster, and Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly, as model organisms.
Cop number
In graph theory, a branch of mathematics, the cop number or copnumber of an undirected graph is the minimum number of cops that suffices to ensure a win (i.e., a capture of the robber) in a certain pursuit–evasion game on the graph.

Pursuit–evasion
Pursuit–evasion (variants of which are referred to as cops and robbers and graph searching) is a family of problems in mathematics and computer science in which one group  attempts to track down members of another group in an environment. Early work on problems of this type modeled the environment geometrically. In 1976, Torrence Parsons introduced a formulation whereby movement is constrained by a graph. The geometric formulation is sometimes called continuous pursuit–evasion, and the graph formulation discrete pursuit–evasion (also called graph searching). Current research is typically limited to one of these two formulations.
2013 British Soap Awards
The 2013 British Soap Awards honoured the best in British soap operas throughout 2012 and 2013. The ceremony was held on 18 May 2013 at Dock10, Greater Manchester, and was later broadcast on ITV1 and STV. The publicly voted categories were announced on 11 March 2013, with the vote opening that same day. This included a longlist for the Best Actress and Actor awards. The shortlist, including panel nominations, was released on 23 April 2013.

ITV soap Coronation Street won four of the six publicly voted awards, including Best British Soap. They also took home the most awards that night, with eight wins. Channel 4 soap Hollyoaks won the remaining two public awards, as well as winning Best Newcomer and Best On-Screen Partnership. BBC soap EastEnders cast member Adam Woodyatt was awarded with the Lifetime Achievement accolade for his role as Ian Beale.

British Soap Award for Best Newcomer
The British Soap Award for Best Newcomer is an award presented annually by the British Soap Awards. The award is voted for by a panel. EastEnders is the most awarded soap in the category, with nine wins. Emmerdale is the only current soap not to have won a Best Newcomer award; defunct soaps that did not win are Family Affairs and Night and Day. The award is currently held by Hollyoaks actress Isabelle Smith, for her role as Frankie Osborne.
Jessica Roberts
Jessica Anne Roberts (born 11 April 1999) is a British cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's Continental Team Team Coop–Repsol.

She was part of the Great Britain squad which won gold in the team pursuit at the 2024 UCI Track Cycling World Championships in Ballerup, Denmark. 
Later at the event, she won silver in the omnium.

2023 British Cycling National Track Championships
The 2023 British Cycling National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions. The National Track Championships (excluding certain events) were held from 26 to 29 January 2023 at the Geraint Thomas National Velodrome in Newport, Wales. They are organised and sanctioned by British Cycling, and are open to British cyclists.

Emma Finucane was the star of the Championships after winning four gold medals across the disciplines.

The Derny, Omnium, Madison, Tandem and Elimination events take place at various other dates throughout the year.
Xavier Martínez
Xavier Timoteo Martínez (February 7, 1869 – January 13, 1943) was a Mexican-born American artist active in California the late 19th and early 20th century. He was a well-known bohemian figure in San Francisco, the East Bay, and the Monterey Peninsula and one of the co-founders of two California artists' organizations and an art gallery. He painted in a tonalist style and also produced monotypes, etchings, and silverpoint.

Purépecha
The Purépecha (Western Highland Purepecha: P'urhepecha [pʰuˈɽepet͡ʃa]) are a group of Indigenous people centered in the northwestern region of Michoacán, Mexico, mainly in the area of the cities of Cherán and Pátzcuaro.

They are also known by the derogatory term "Tarascan", an exonym, applied by outsiders and not one they use for themselves.

The Purépecha occupied most of Michoacán but also some of the lower valleys of both Guanajuato and Jalisco. Celaya, Acambaro, Cerano, and Yurirapundaro. Now, the Purépecha live mostly in the highlands of central Michoacán, around Lakes Patzcuaro and Cuitzeo.
Boyz 3
Boyz 3 is a 2022 Indian Marathi-language comedy drama film written by Hrishikesh Koli and directed by Vishal Devrukhkar. It is sequel to Boyz 2, starring Parth Bhalerao, Pratik Lad, Sumant Shinde and Vidhula Chaughule. The film was released on 16 September 2022.

Samir Choughule
Samir Diwakar Choughule (born 29 June 1973) is an Indian actor and writer from Mumbai. He is better known for his comedy roles, style and slapstick performance. From daily soaps to comedy shows, from theater plays to movies, Samir has acted in Marathi, Hindi and English shows. He is currently known for his role in Maharashtrachi Hasyajatra being telecasted on Sony Marathi.
RMIT School of Accounting
The RMIT School of Accounting is an Australian university business school located in Melbourne, Victoria, which is responsible for undergraduate and postgraduate education and research in accounting at RMIT University. The School was established in 1943 and its name was changed to the School of Accountancy (later Accounting) in 1948.

CPA Australia
CPA Australia ("Certified Practising Accountant") is a professional accounting body in Australia, originally founded as the "Incorporated Institute of Accountants" in 1886. As of 31 December 2020, it has 168,736 members in 150 countries and regions. CPA Australia currently has 19 staffed offices across Australia, China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Vietnam, New Zealand and the UK.
Bigg Boss Kannada season 2
The second season of the Kannada-language version of Indian reality television series Bigg Boss was telecast on Asianet Suvarna and produced by Endemol India. The show premiered on 29 June 2014 with Sudeep as the host.

Among four finalists Akul Balaji emerged as the title winner with maximum votes and performance in house followed by Srujan Lokesh as runner-up, Deepika Kamaiah and Shwetha Chengappa as third and fourth respectively

Colors Kannada
Colors Kannada (previously known as ETV Kannada) is an Indian Kannada language general entertainment channel, owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Viacom18 and Disney India. It primarily telecasts serials, reality shows and Kannada films.
Gulfstream Park Turf Handicap top three finishers
This is a listing of the horses that finished in either first, second, or third place and the number of starters in the Gulfstream Park Turf Handicap, an American Grade 1 race for horses four years old and older at 1-1/8 miles on the turf held at Gulfstream Park in
Hallandale Beach, Florida.  (List 1986–present)

** Take the points won the 2010 Gulfstream Park Turf Handicap but was disqualified and placed fifth.

Gulfstream Park
Gulfstream Park  is a Thoroughbred horse race track, casino and outdoor entertainment and shopping destination in Hallandale Beach, Florida, United States. It is among the most important venues for horse racing in the United States, and is open 365 days a year.

The venue is owned by The Stronach Group. Thoroughbred horse racing occurs year-round, defined by three distinct race meets and one invitational:

Championship Meet (December - March)

Pegasus World Cup

Royal Palm Meet (April - September)

Flamingo Festival Meet (October - November)
Brain Games
Brain Games is a 1978 puzzle video game programmed by Larry Kaplan and published by Atari for the Atari 2600. It is a compilation of six memory games in which the player is tasked with outwitting an opponent, controlled either by another player or artificial intelligence, in sound and picture puzzles. The game is played using a 12 button keypad, as opposed to the 2600’s traditional CX40 joystick controller.

Brain Games was suggested in the 1984 book Clinical Management of Memory Problems as an effective clinical device for memory retraining exercises. Noted for having a variety of useful games, patients would be faced with auditory and visual cues that may improve spatial reasoning.

Puzzle
A puzzle is a game, problem, or toy that tests a person's ingenuity or knowledge. In a puzzle, the solver is expected to put pieces together (or take them apart) in a logical way, in order to find the solution of the puzzle. There are different genres of puzzles, such as crossword puzzles, word-search puzzles, number puzzles, relational puzzles, and logic puzzles. The academic study of puzzles is called enigmatology.

Puzzles are often created to be a form of entertainment but they can also arise from serious mathematical or logical problems. In such cases, their solution may be a significant contribution to mathematical research.
Daihatsu UFE-III
The UFE-III (Ultra Fuel Economy-third generation) is a mini-hybrid concept car being developed by Daihatsu.  The vehicle can transport three people (one driver, and two passengers in the rear).  The hybrid system comprises a 660-cubic centimeter direct-injection gasoline engine, two motors, and a nickel–metal hydride battery.  Daihatsu estimates the UFE-III's fuel economy at 72 kilometres per litre (170 mpg‑US).  The body is in polymer and ultra-light aluminum with a canopy door and pointed LED headlamps.  The UFE-III has an aerodynamic  drag coefficient (Cd) of 0.168 and is controlled by steer-by-wire technology.  Third generation of the "Ultra Fuel Economy" UFE, it was first shown in October 2005 at the Tokyo Motor Show.

Hybrid vehicle
A hybrid vehicle is one that uses two or more distinct types of power, such as submarines that use diesel when surfaced and batteries when submerged. Other means to store energy include pressurized fluid in hydraulic hybrids.

Hybrid powertrains are designed to switch from one power source to another to maximize both fuel efficiency and energy efficiency. In hybrid electric vehicles, for instance, the electric motor is more efficient at producing torque, or turning power, while the combustion engine is better for maintaining high speed. Improved efficiency, lower emissions, and reduced running costs relative to non-hybrid vehicles are three primary benefits of hybridization.