hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lightning Brigade
The Lightning Brigade, also known as Wilder's Brigade or the Hatchet Brigade was a mounted infantry brigade from the American Civil War in the Union Army of the Cumberland from March 8, 1863, through November 1863. A novel unit for the U.S. Army, its regiments were nominally the 1st Brigade of Maj. Gen. Joseph J. Reynolds' 4th Division of Thomas' XIV Corps. Operationally, they were detached from the division and served as a mobile mounted infantry to support any of the army's corps. Colonel John T. Wilder was its commander. As initially organized, the brigade had the following regiments:

92nd Illinois Mounted Infantry: Col. Smith D. Atkins (after 10 July 1863)

98th Illinois Mounted Infantry: Col. John J. Funkhouser (w), Lt. Col. Edward Kitchell

123rd Illinois Mounted Infantry: Col. James Monroe

17th Indiana Mounted Infantry: Maj. William T. Jones

72nd Indiana Mounted Infantry: Col. Abram O. Miller

18th Independent Battery Indiana Light Artillery: Capt. Eli Lilly

Spencer repeating rifle
The Spencer repeating rifle was a 19th-century American lever-action firearm invented by Christopher Spencer. The Spencer carbine was a shorter and lighter version designed for the cavalry.

The Spencer was the world's first military metallic-cartridge repeating rifle, and over 200,000 examples were manufactured in the United States by the Spencer Repeating Rifle Co. and Burnside Rifle Co. between 1860 and 1869.

The Spencer repeating rifle was adopted by the Union Army, especially by the cavalry, during the American Civil War but did not replace the standard issue muzzle-loading rifled muskets in use at the time. Among the early users was George Armstrong Custer.
Section 25 of the Constitution Act, 1867
Section 25 of the Constitution Act, 1867 (French: article 25 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867) is a repealed provision of the Constitution of Canada relating to the appointment of the first members of the Senate of Canada in 1867.

The Constitution Act, 1867 is the constitutional statute which established Canada.  Originally named the British North America Act, 1867, the Act continues to be the foundational statute for the Constitution of Canada, although it has been amended many times since 1867.  It is now recognised as part of the supreme law of Canada.

London Conference of 1866
The London Conference (French: Conférence de Londres) was held in London, in the United Kingdom, in 1866. It was the third and final in a series of conferences that led to Canadian Confederation in 1867. Sixteen delegates from the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick gathered to set out the final outline of the proposed Canadian Confederation, resulting in the British North America Act, 1867 (now the Constitution Act, 1867).

Upon the conclusion of the discussions by the delegates, the British government directed that a bill be drafted to implement the resolutions of the Conference.  Introduced in 1867, the British North America Act, 1867 was passed by both Houses of Parliament and then received royal assent from Queen Victoria on March 29, 1867.  It was proclaimed in force on July 1, 1867, creating the Dominion of Canada.
Himavanta
Himavanta is a legendary forest, also called Himmanpan Mountain, which is said to be located in the Himalayas. Himavanta appears in a piece of Thai literature called Traibhumikatha which explains that Himavanta is a forest where many diverse mythical creatures such as Phaya Naga, Phaya Krut, and Kinnaree, spirits or even gods and goddesses reside.

The mythical Nariphon tree that is often mentioned in Thai folklore is also said to grow here. The story of Himavanta and the explanation of the three existing planes were written by the philosopher-king of Si Satchanalai, Phaya Lithai. Since the Himavanta forest relates to Buddhist cosmology, it profoundly influences beliefs, cultures and artworks in the Buddhist and Hindu religions, among others.

Jambudvīpa
Jambudvīpa (Pali: Jambudīpa) is a term for the Indian Subcontinent, often used in ancient Indian sources.

The term comes from ancient Indian cosmogony and is based on the concept of dvīpa, meaning 'island' or 'continent'. The term Jambudvīpa was used by Ashoka to describe his realm in the 3rd century BC. The same term is also found in subsequent texts, for instance the Kannada inscriptions from the 10th century CE, to refer to the region, presumably ancient India.

The word Jambudvīpa literally means 'the land of jambu trees', with jambu being the Sanskrit term for the Syzygium cumini tree.
Gaius Julius Cornutus Tertullus
Gaius Julius Cornutus Tertullus was a Roman senator who was active during the late 1st and early 2nd centuries. He is best known as the older friend of Pliny the Younger, with whom Cornutus was suffect consul for the nundinium of September to October 100.

Nundinium
Nundinium was a Latin word derived from the word nundinum, which referred to the cycle of days observed by the Romans. During the Roman Empire, nundinium came to mean the duration of a single consulship among several in a calendar year.
George H. Holland
George H. Holland was an American lawyer who served as a state legislator and Auditor of Accounts (Treasurer) in Mississippi. A Republican, he served in the Mississippi House of Representatives.

He was the son of Charles Miller Holland Jr. He was a delegate at the 1868 Mississippi Constitutional Convention.

He was a Republican nominee for Mississippi State Treasurer on a ticket with Adelbert Ames, Alexander K. Davis, James Hill, William H. Gibbs, George E. Harris, and T. W. Cardozo. They were elected. He was succeeded by M. L. Holland.

At a joint session of the Mississippi legislature on February 17, 1875, the House and Senate passed resolutions honoring Holland after his death. African American Representative John W. Randolph said of him, "[H]e had learned to know no man on account of his color, and this, this alone, commends him to our consideration and favor, and also to posterity."

Alexander Kelso Davis
Alexander Kelso Davis (died November 20, 1884) was an American politician. He was a member of the Mississippi House of Representatives and Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi. He was impeached and removed by the resurgent Democrats towards the end of the Reconstruction era in 1876. He was the first African American to serve as lieutenant governor in Mississippi.

He was a lawyer from Tennessee. He came to Mississippi in 1869 and lived in Noxubee County. He served in the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1870 until 1873. He served as Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi from 1872
, succeeding Ridgley C. Powers, and served until he resigned as he faced impeachment in 1876. Resurgent Democrats took back control and impeached him to prevent him becoming governor once they removed Governor Adelbert Ames. The official allegation of his impeachment had been accepting a bribe to pardon a convicted murderer. He left politics and became a pastor where he served until his death in 1884.
Sarvodaya Vidyalaya, Trivandrum
Sarvodaya Vidyalaya is a school of the Major Archiepiscopal Eparchy of the Syro-Malankara Catholic Church. Situated on the Bethany Hills at Nalanchira, Sarvodaya was founded on 3 January 1973 by Benedict Mar Gregorios, the Metropolitan Archbishop of Trivandrum.

The school is one of the few schools in the district which provides ISC and ICSE syllabi, one of the advanced course in the country. The school has a population of 4,500 students and over 160 teachers.

The motto of the school is "Let there be light".

Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations
The Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) is a non-governmental privately held national-level board of school education in India that conducts the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) Examination for Class X and the Indian School Certificate (ISC) for Class XII. G. Immanuel is the current Chairman of CISCE.
West Drayton, Nottinghamshire
West Drayton is a village and civil parish in the Bassetlaw district in the county of Nottinghamshire, England.  It lies 24 miles (39 km) north east of Nottingham and 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Retford.

In the census 2011, the parish had a population of 225, and this fell to 221 residents at the 2021 census. The parish includes the villages of Rockley and Markham Moor.

West Drayton was originally known simply as Drayton, and was recorded under that name in the Domesday Book of 1086.  "West" was added to distinguish the place from the village of East Drayton, 4 miles east.

St Paul's Church dates back to the 12th century, but was rebuilt in 1874.  It is a Grade II* listed building.

Bassetlaw District
Bassetlaw is a local government district in north Nottinghamshire, England. Its council is based in the town of Worksop; the other towns in the district are Retford, Tuxford and Harworth Bircotes. The district also contains numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

Bassetlaw is bounded to the south by the Newark and Sherwood and Mansfield districts, to the south-west by the Bolsover district of Derbyshire, to the north-west by the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham and the City of Doncaster in South Yorkshire, to the north by North Lincolnshire, and to the east by West Lindsey.

Bassetlaw has been a non-constituent member of the East Midlands Combined County Authority since its estalishment in 2024.. Simultaneously, the district maintains an indirect relationship as a non-constituent member of the South Yorkshire Mayoral Authority.
PÜR Gum
PUR Gum is a brand of aspartame-free gum produced by The PUR Company Inc. and founded in 2010 by Jay Klein in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. PUR gum and mints are manufactured in Switzerland, distributed in Canada, and sold in over 25 countries worldwide. PUR gum and mints are also sold through online outlets such as Amazon. The PUR Company Inc. uses the slogan "Kick Aspartame" to promote their sugar-free and aspartame-free products.

Xylitol
Xylitol is an organic compound with the formula HOCH(CH(OH)CH2OH)2.  Two other isomeric sugar alcohols exist. It is a colorless or white crystalline solid.  It is classified as a polyalcohol  and a sugar alcohol, specifically an alditol. Of the common sugar alcohols, only sorbitol is more soluble in water.

The name derives from Ancient Greek: ξύλον, xyl[on] 'wood', with the suffix -itol used to denote it being a sugar alcohol.

Xylitol is used as a food additive and sugar substitute.  Its European Union code number is E967. Replacing sugar with xylitol in food products may promote better dental health, but evidence is lacking on whether xylitol itself prevents dental cavities. In the United States, xylitol is used as a common sugar substitute, and is considered to be safe for humans.

Xylitol can be toxic to dogs and ferrets.
2025 Kennesaw State Owls football team
The 2025 Kennesaw State Owls football team represented Kennesaw State University in Conference USA (CUSA) during the 2025 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Led by first-year head coach Jerry Mack, the Owls played home games at Fifth Third Stadium in Cobb County, Georgia near Kennesaw.

Fifth Third Stadium
Fifth Third Stadium, known as Kennesaw State University Stadium until 2013, is a stadium near Kennesaw, Georgia, that is primarily used as the home for the Kennesaw State Owls football team as well as the KSU women's soccer and women's lacrosse teams. It was built as a soccer-specific stadium and opened May 2, 2010, with the first match played on May 9. The facility is the result of a public-private partnership between Kennesaw State University and the now-defunct Atlanta Beat of Women's Professional Soccer.

The stadium's seating capacity is 10,200. It has a stage at one end to facilitate concerts and can hold up to 16,316 for that purpose.
WLBQ
WLBQ (1570 AM), known locally on air as "BeechTree Radio," or simply as "The Q", is a radio station broadcasting a Classic Hits format. Licensed to and located in Morgantown, Kentucky, United States, the station is currently owned by Beech Tree Publishing. The station's transmitter is located along South Main Street (US 231/KY 79), and the studios are located at 107 West Ohio Street in downtown Morgantown.

Grayson County, Kentucky
Grayson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 26,420. Its county seat is Leitchfield. The county was formed in 1810 and named for William Grayson (1740–1790), a Revolutionary War colonel and a prominent Virginia political figure. Grayson County was formerly a prohibition or dry county, but Leitchfield allowed limited alcohol sales in restaurants in 2010 and voted "wet" in 2016.
Navegantão
Estádio Municipal Antônio Dias Navegantes is a stadium located in Tucuruí, Brazil. It is used mostly for football matches and hosts the home matches of Independente Atlético Clube de Tucuruí. The stadium has a maximum capacity of 8,000 people.

Tucuruí
Tucuruí is a municipality in the state of Pará in the Northern region of Brazil.

The city is served by Tucuruí Airport.

The name Tucuruí is a Tupi word that means "river of ants" or "river of locusts". It is the concatenation of two Tupi words: tukura (ants, locusts) and 'y (water).
The city is very famous because of its colossal Dam, the Tucuruí Dam which is administered by Eletrobrás Eletronorte – the constructor company of this large infrastructure project.
Reiki share
Reiki share, also known as Reiki circle or exchange, is a gathering of Reiki believers who participate in group Reiki treatments on each other. The main purpose of the Reiki share is to give and receive Reiki in a casual atmosphere of friendship, honor, positive energy and devotion.  Reiki shares usually last a few hours or they can be all-day events. The gatherings are often free or the host may ask for a small donation.

Reiki is a pseudoscience, and is used as an illustrative example of pseudoscience in scholarly texts and academic journal articles. It is based on qi ("chi"), which practitioners say is a universal life force. However, there is no empirical evidence that such a life force exists.

Qi
In the Sinosphere and Chinese philosophy, qi (/ˈtʃiː/ CHEE; simplified Chinese: 气; traditional Chinese: 氣; pinyin: qì) is a vital force traditionally believed to be a part of all living entities. Literally meaning 'vapor', 'air', 'gas', or 'breath', the word qi is polysemous, often translated as 'vital energy', 'vital force', 'material energy', or simply 'energy'. Qi is also a concept in traditional Chinese medicine and in Chinese martial arts. The attempt to cultivate and balance qi is called qigong.

Believers in qi describe it as a vital force, with one's good health requiring its flow to be unimpeded. Originally prescientific, today it is a pseudoscientific concept, i.e. not corresponding to the concept of energy as used in the physical sciences.

Chinese gods and immortals, especially anthropomorphic gods, are sometimes thought to have qi and be a reflection of the microcosm of qi in humans, both having qi that can concentrate in certain body parts.
Day of the Dumpster
"Day of the Dumpster" is the first episode of both the American tokusatsu television series Mighty Morphin Power Rangers and the Power Rangers franchise. It premiered on the Fox network on August 28, 1993, as part of its Fox Kids programming block, and was later released on VHS and DVD. A new re-version of the episode later aired on ABC on January 2, 2010, as part of ABC Kids. As with the first season's episodes, most of the scenes featuring the Rangers in morphed form, the Zords and the villains are taken from the Japanese tokusatsu series, Kyōryū Sentai Zyuranger, the 16th entry of the Power Rangers franchise's Japanese counterpart of origin, Super Sentai.

The VHS of this episode ranked #35 in a list of top video sales, and #11 in a list of top kids' video sales, for the year of 1994 as compiled by Billboard. The tie-in 3D read-along audio cassette of "Day of the Dumpster" became the number one seller at Walden Kids, displacing The Lion King.

Bulk and Skull
Farkas "Bulk" Bulkmeier and Eugene "Skull" Skullovitch are fictional characters in the Power Rangers universe. They appeared as permanent characters from Mighty Morphin Power Rangers until Power Rangers in Space. Bulk was a recurring character in Power Rangers Lost Galaxy, along with Power Rangers Samurai and Power Rangers Super Samurai, but the duo never returned together as permanent characters. Bulk and Skull are portrayed by Paul Schrier and Jason Narvy respectively.
Fetion
Fetion (Chinese:飞信, pinyin: fēi xìn, lit. flying letter) was an instant messaging (IM) client developed by China Mobile, a Chinese telecommunications company. It allows users to send and receive SMS free of charge between PCs and mobile phones (in certain conditions). China Mobile intends to develop Fetion into a comprehensive communications service which will focus on wireless communications and offer the Internet applications as a complement. D-media Communication Tech (a subsidiary company of Ultrapower Software Co., Ltd) undertakes construction, operation and maintain of Fetion.

Fetion was shut down on 30 September 2022.

China Mobile
China Mobile is the trade name of both China Mobile Limited and its ultimate controlling shareholder, China Mobile Communications Group Co., Ltd., a Chinese state-owned telecommunications company. It provides mobile voice and multimedia services through its nationwide mobile telecommunications network across mainland China and Hong Kong. China Mobile is the largest wireless carrier in China, with 945.50 million subscribers as of June 2021. China Mobile was ranked #25 in Forbes' Global 2000 in 2023.

China Mobile Limited is listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange as A-shares and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange as H shares. It is the world's largest mobile network operator by total number of subscribers, and the world's largest telecommunications company by revenue.

As of 8 July 2025, China Mobile Limited's total market value stood at US$240 billion.
Consensus Model for APRN Regulation
The Consensus Model for APRN Regulation is a model and document created by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing to create consensus on licensure, accreditation, certification, and education for advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs).

The model has four roles: nurse practitioner, nurse anesthetist, nurse-midwife, and clinical nurse specialist.  There are six population foci: family/individual across the lifespan, adult-gerontology, pediatrics, neonatal, women's health/gender-related, and psych/mental health.  APRNs are educated and certified in one of the four roles and one or more of the population foci.  Beyond population foci, APRNs can focus on and become certified in a specialty.

The model establishes education standards for programs that prepare APRNs as well accreditation of certification boards.  Individual state boards of nursing have either adopted or in the process of adopting the model for APRN regulation.

Board of nursing
A board of nursing is a regulatory body that oversees the practice of nursing within a defined jurisdiction, typically a state or province.  The board typically approves and oversees schools of nursing within its jurisdiction and also handles all aspects of nurse licensure.  In the US, state and territorial boards of nursing comprise the National Council of State Boards of Nursing.
Ban Bu Community
Ban Bu Community (Thai: ชุมชนบ้านบุ; or simply Ban Bu) is a traditional community in the Siri Rat Subdistrict, Bangkok Noi District, Bangkok's Thonburi side. It is regarded as the last source of bronzework handicraft makers in Bangkok and has become a cultural tourism destination.

The word "Bu" refers to the method by which copper and tin are alloyed into objects, mostly bowls, and polished with stone to obtain a smooth, shiny surface, with the word "Ban" meaning house, home, village, or hamlet. Only one household remains engaged in metalwork at present.

The community is located on the canal Khlong Bangkok Noi. It is believed to have derived from a group of craftspeople from Ayutthaya Kingdom who resettled in the area following the fall of Ayutthaya in 1767.

Siri Rat subdistrict
Siri Rat (also spelled Siriraj, Thai: ศิริราช) is one of the 180 sub-districts (khwaeng) of Bangkok, Thailand, covering the area around Siriraj Hospital, located on the southern rim of Khlong (canal) Bangkok Noi mouth to the western bank of the Chao Phraya River in Bangkok Noi District. It is also named for the road intersection of Thanon (Road) Arun Ammarin and Thanon Wang Lang at the front of the hospital.
Chatham Wheels
The Chatham Wheels were a minor professional ice hockey team that played in Colonial Hockey League (CoHL) from 1992 to 1994. Based in Chatham, Ontario, Canada, the team played it homes games in the Chatham Memorial Arena.

In its first season, 1992–93, the expansion team was coached by Ron Caron, and in its second and last season in Chatham, 1993–94, it was coach by Tom Barrett. The team made it to the Colonial Cup championship in 1994 where it lost to the Thunder Bay Senators in five games.

Prior to the start the 1994–95 season, the franchise was relocated to Saginaw, Michigan, as the Saginaw Wheels.

Chatham-Kent
Chatham-Kent (2021 population: 103,988) is a single-tier municipality in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. It is mostly rural, and its population centres are Chatham, Wallaceburg, Tilbury, Blenheim, Ridgetown, Wheatley and Dresden. The current Municipality of Chatham-Kent was created in 1998 by the amalgamation of Blenheim, Bothwell, Camden, the City of Chatham, the Township of Chatham, Dover, Dresden, Erie Beach, Erieau, Harwich, Highgate, Howard, Orford, Raleigh, Ridgetown, Romney, Thamesville, Tilbury East, Tilbury, Wallaceburg, Wheatley and Zone.

The Chatham-Kent census division, which includes the independent Delaware Nation at Moraviantown First Nation, had a population of 104,316 in the 2021 census.
Jaime C. Bulatao
Fr. Jaime C. Bulatao, SJ, affectionately known as "Fr. Bu" to his friends, colleagues, and students, was a Filipino Jesuit priest and psychologist who founded the Ateneo de Manila University's Department of Psychology in 1960.  The same department is now designated as a Center of Excellence by the Philippines Commission on Higher Education (CHED).

He earned degrees in theology from Woodstock College in New York and MA in Experimental Psychology, and later a PhD in Clinical Psychology from Fordham University.

Bulatao was known for his innovative use of hypnosis in therapy and his exploration of Filipino animistic beliefs within a psychological context. His works include Technique of Group Discussion (1965), Phenomena and Their Interpretation: Landmark Essays 1957-1989 (1992), and Hypnosis and Hypnotherapy (2000).

Altered state of consciousness
An altered state of consciousness (ASC), also called an altered state of mind, altered mental status (AMS) or mind alteration, is any condition which is significantly different from a normal waking state. It describes induced changes in one's mental state, almost always temporary. A synonymous phrase is "altered state of awareness".
Members of the South Australian House of Assembly, 1950–1953
This is a list of members of the South Australian House of Assembly from 1950 to 1953, as elected at the 1950 state election:

1  The LCL member for Flinders, Rex Pearson, resigned on 22 March 1951 to run for the Australian Senate at the 1951 federal election. His son, Glen Pearson, won the resulting by-election for the LCL on 2 June 1951.

2  The Labor member for Gawler, Leslie Duncan, died on 27 February 1952. Labor candidate John Clark won the resulting by-election on 19 April 1952.

3  The LCL member for Stirling, Herbert Dunn, died on 11 September 1952. LCL candidate William Jenkins won the resulting by-election on 18 October 1952.

William Jenkins (Australian politician)
William Wilfred Jenkins (3 August 1895 – 30 August 1963) was an Australian politician who represented the South Australian House of Assembly seat of Stirling from 1952 to 1963 for the Liberal and Country League.