hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Enterprise information system
An Enterprise Information System (EIS) is any kind of information system which improves the functions of enterprise business processes through integration. This means typically offering high quality service, dealing with large volumes of data and capable of supporting some large and possibly complex organization or enterprise. An EIS must be able to be used by all parts and all levels of an enterprise.

The word enterprise can have various connotations. Frequently the term is used only to refer to very large organizations such as multi-national companies or public-sector organizations. However, the term may be used to mean virtually anything, by virtue of it having become a corporate-speak buzzword.

Enterprise software
Enterprise software, also known as enterprise application software (EAS), is computer software that has been specially developed or adapted to meet the complex requirements of larger organizations. Enterprise software is an integral part of a computer-based information system, handling a number of business operations, for example to enhance business and management reporting tasks, or support production operations and back office functions. Enterprise systems must process information at a relatively high speed.

Services provided by enterprise software are typically business-oriented tools. As companies and other organizations have similar departments and systems, enterprise software is often available as a suite of customizable programs. Function-specific enterprise software uses include database management, customer relationship management, supply chain management and business process management.
Yousaf Borahil Al-Msmare
Yousaf Borahil al-Mismari (Arabic: يوسف بورحيل المسماري) (ca. 1886 — 19 December 1931) was a Libyan revolutionary who fought against the Italian colonization of Libya. He also served as the deputy leader of the Libyan Jihad after the death of Omar Al-Mokhtar, who was captured at the Battle of Uadi Bu Taga on 9 September 1931 and executed at Soluch on 16 September. Al-Mismari was killed in action after a confrontation with Italian security forces in Libya at the age of 45.

Italian colonization of Libya
The Italian colonization of Libya began in 1911 and it lasted until 1943. The country, which was previously an Ottoman possession, was occupied by Italy in 1911 after the Italo-Turkish War, which resulted in the establishment of two colonies: Italian Tripolitania and Italian Cyrenaica. In 1934, the two colonies were merged into one colony which was named the colony of Italian Libya. In 1937, this colony was divided into four provinces, and in 1939, the coastal provinces became a part of metropolitan Italy as the Fourth Shore. The colonization lasted until Libya's occupation by Allied forces in 1943, but it was not until the 1947 Paris Peace Treaty that Italy officially renounced all of its claims to Libya's territory.
Schlieren
Schlieren (/ˈʃlɪərən/ SHLEER-ən; German: [ˈʃliːʁn̩] ⓘ, German for 'streaks') are optical inhomogeneities in transparent media that are not necessarily visible to the human eye. Schlieren physics developed out of the need to produce high-quality lenses devoid of such inhomogeneities. These inhomogeneities are localized differences in optical path length that cause deviations of light rays, especially by refraction. This light deviation can produce localized brightening, darkening, or even color changes in an image, depending on the directions the rays deviate.

Optical medium
In optics, an optical medium is material through which light and other electromagnetic waves propagate.  It is a form of transmission medium.  The permittivity and permeability of the medium define how electromagnetic waves propagate in it.
Hartmaniella (plant)
Hartmaniella is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae.

Its native range is Western USA. It was separated from Pseudostellaria in 2017.

Species:

Hartmaniella oxyphylla (B.L.Rob.) M.L.Zhang

Hartmaniella sierrae (Rabeler & R.L.Hartm.) M.L.Zhang

Pseudostellaria
Pseudostellaria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae. Most of the 20 species occur in Asia. They are similar to Stellaria, differing in the morphology of the roots, fruit capsules and shallower notches of the petals.
Hemichroa pentandra
Hemichroa pentandra, commonly known as trailing hemichroa, trailing saltstar or trailing jointweed, is a prostrate perennial herb in the amaranth family.  It is endemic to Australia.  A succulent halophyte, it grows to about 10 cm in height and 30 cm wide.  It has tiny, inconspicuous white flowers, surrounded by papery bracts, which grow in the angle between the stem and the 12 mm long leaves.  It is found in coastal salt marshes and around salt lakes.

Halophyte
A halophyte is a salt-tolerant plant that grows in soil or waters of high salinity, coming into contact with saline water through its roots or by salt spray, such as in saline semi-deserts, mangrove swamps, marshes and sloughs, and seashores. The word derives from Ancient Greek ἅλας (halas) 'salt' and φυτόν (phyton) 'plant'. Halophytes have different anatomy, physiology and biochemistry than glycophytes. An example of a halophyte is the salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass). Relatively few plant species are halophytes—perhaps only 2% of all plant species.

The large majority of plant species are glycophytes, which are not salt-tolerant and are damaged fairly easily by high salinity.
Table of modes of mechanical ventilation
Modes of mechanical ventilation refers to the methods a Ventilator offers to assist or replace spontaneous breathing. Modern Ventilators provide a number of such methods called Modes (derived from Modus operandi) to enable the most suitable respiratory support for the individual patient. Each Mode has its particular set of Controls to adapt the breath delivery to the patient. CAVEAT: Although manufacturers may offer identical breath delivery methods, the names of the Modes may be different.

Ventilator
A ventilator is a type of breathing apparatus, a class of medical technology that provides mechanical ventilation by moving breathable air into and out of the lungs, to deliver breaths to a patient who is physically unable to breathe, or breathing insufficiently. Ventilators may be computerized microprocessor-controlled machines, but patients can also be ventilated with a simple, hand-operated bag valve mask.  Ventilators are chiefly used in intensive-care medicine, home care, and emergency medicine (as standalone units) and in anesthesiology (as a component of an anesthesia machine).

Ventilators are sometimes called "respirators", a term commonly used for them in the 1950s (particularly the "Bird respirator"). However, contemporary medical terminology uses the word "respirator" to refer to a face-mask that protects wearers against hazardous airborne substances.
Tony Slydini
Tony Slydini (September 1, 1900, Foggia, Italy – January 15, 1991),  known as Slydini, was a magician known for close-up artistry magic. His public performances and lectures to other magicians inspired Doug Henning, Dick Cavett, Bill Bixby, Ricky Jay, and David Copperfield. He also produced books, films and publications on magic. He received the Masters Fellowship Award and Performing Fellowship Award from the Academy of Magical Arts. During his lifetime Slydini was inducted into the Society of American Magicians Hall of Fame as a Living Legend.

Dai Vernon
David Frederick Wingfield Verner (June 11, 1894 – August 21, 1992), better known by his stage names Dai Vernon (pronounced alternatively as "DIE" or as "DAY" as in David) or The Professor, was a Canadian magician.

Vernon's sleight of hand technique and knowledge, particularly with card tricks and close-up magic, garnered him respect among fellow magicians, and he was a mentor to them.

From 1963, he worked at and lived out his last decades at the Magic Castle, an exclusive specialty nightclub in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California. Vernon retired officially from performing in 1990 at the age of 96.
La Perouse, New South Wales
La Perouse is a suburb in the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The suburb of La Perouse is located about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) southeast of the Sydney central business district, in the City of Randwick.

The La Perouse peninsula is the northern headland of Botany Bay. It is notable for its old military outpost at Bare Island and the Kamay Botany Bay National Park. Congwong Bay Beach, Little Congwong Beach, and the beach at Frenchmans Bay provide protected swimming areas in Botany Bay. La Perouse is one of few Sydney suburbs with a French name, others being Sans Souci and Vaucluse. Kurnell is located opposite, on the southern headland of Botany Bay.

Randwick City Council
The City of Randwick is a local government area in the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Randwick is the second-oldest local government area in New South Wales after the City of Sydney being established by proclamation in the New South Wales Government Gazette on 23 February 1859 as the Municipality of Randwick. It comprises an area of 36 square kilometres (14 sq mi) and as per the 2021 census had a population of 134,252.

The mayor of the City of Randwick is Cr. Dylan Parker, a member of the Australian Labor Party, who was elected on 8 October 2024.
Le droit d'aînesse
Le droit d'aînesse (French pronunciation: [lə dʁwa dɛnɛs], "The Birthright") is an opéra bouffe, a form of operetta, in three acts by Francis Chassaigne with a French libretto by Eugène Leterrier and Albert Vanloo. The story concerns an arranged marriage intended to make a governor's heir, his nephew, an aristocrat. Through a series of mishaps that place the governor's nephew and his niece each in danger, the niece, Falka, becomes the noble heir. The opera premiered in Paris in 1883. An English-language version titled Falka (after the name of the principal female character), with a libretto translated and adapted by Henry Brougham Farnie, was successfully premiered in London later that year followed by productions throughout the English-speaking world.

Opéra bouffe
Opéra bouffe (French pronunciation: [ɔpeʁa buf], plural: opéras bouffes) is a genre of mid- to late 19th-century French operetta, closely associated with Jacques Offenbach, who produced many of them at the Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens, inspiring the genre's name.

It differs from the opéra comique of the same period for elements of comedy, satire, parody and farce. The most famous examples are La belle Hélène, Barbe-bleue (Bluebeard), La Vie parisienne, La Périchole and La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein.
Scânteia train accident
The Scânteia train accident occurred on August 14, 2009 at 14:10 local time (UTC+3) when at least 14 people died after a collision between a minibus and a train in Scânteia, Iași County, Romania on County Road 248C. The death toll was initially reported as 10. It was the worst accident in Romania in fifteen years.

Iași County
Iași County (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈjaʃʲ]) is a county (județ) of Romania, in Western Moldavia, with the administrative seat at Iași. It is the most populous county in Romania, after the Municipality of Bucharest (which has the same administrative level as that of a county).
Menhir de Champ-Dolent
The Menhir de Champ-Dolent (French: [meniʁ də ʃɑ̃ dɔlɑ̃]; Breton: Maen-hir dolenn) is a menhir, or upright standing stone, located in a field outside the town of Dol-de-Bretagne. It is the second largest standing stone in Brittany and is around 9.4 metres high.

Menhir
A menhir (/ˈmɛnhɪər/; from Brittonic languages: maen or men, "stone" and hir or hîr, "long"), standing stone, orthostat, or lith is a large upright stone, emplaced in the ground by humans, typically dating from the European middle Bronze Age. They can be found individually as monoliths, or as part of a group of similar stones. Menhirs' sizes can vary considerably, but they often taper toward the top.

Menhirs are found across Europe, Africa, and Asia, with a concentration in Western Europe, notably in Ireland, Great Britain, and Brittany. Theories concerning their purpose remain speculative, with hypotheses ranging from druidic rituals to territorial markers or elements of an ideological system. Some menhirs feature engravings, including anthropomorphic figures and symbols, and are often associated with ancient religious ceremonies and burial chambers.
RK Olimpija
Rokometni klub Olimpija (English: Olimpija Handball Club), commonly referred to as RK Olimpija or simply Olimpija, is a women's handball club from Ljubljana, Slovenia. The club was established in 1949 as RK Enotnost. It competes in the Slovenian First League, the top tier of Slovenian women's handball.

EHF Women's Champions League
The EHF Women's Champions League is the competition for the top women's handball clubs in Europe, organised annually by the European Handball Federation (EHF). It is the most prestigious tournament for clubs, with the champions of Europe's top national leagues participating.
Danny Wallace (footballer)
David Lloyd "Danny" Wallace (born 21 January 1964) is an English former professional footballer who played as a striker and winger. During his career, he played for Southampton, Manchester United, Millwall, Birmingham City and Wycombe Wanderers. He won one full cap for England. His football career was ended prematurely by the effects of multiple sclerosis.

1990 FA Cup final
The 1990 FA Cup final was a football match played to determine to winners of the 1989–90 FA Cup. It was contested by Manchester United and Crystal Palace at Wembley Stadium, London, England. The match finished 3–3 after extra time. Bryan Robson and Mark Hughes (2) scored for Manchester United; Gary O'Reilly and Ian Wright (2) for Palace. Wright had only just recently returned from a broken leg that kept him out of the semi-final.

In the replay, Manchester United won 1–0 with a goal from Lee Martin – the second of only two goals he would score for the club. It saw them match Aston Villa and Tottenham Hotspur's record of seven FA Cup triumphs. In contrast, this was the first time Crystal Palace had appeared in an FA Cup final, and they had just completed their first season back in the top flight after nearly a decade away.
Peter Berry (priest)
Peter Austin Berry (27 April 1935 – 26 May 2018) was an Anglican clergyman who served as the Provost of Birmingham Cathedral. He was educated at Solihull School and Keble College, Oxford. Ordained in 1963 he began his career as Chaplain to the Bishop of Coventry and was then successively Midlands Regional Officer to the Community Relations Communion and a Canon Residentiary at  Coventry Cathedral  before his 13-year stint at Birmingham Cathedral.

Solihull School
Solihull School is a coeducational private day school in Solihull, West Midlands, England. Founded in 1560, it is the oldest school in the town and is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.
Walkenried
Walkenried (German pronunciation: [valkənˈʁiːt]) is a municipality in the district of Göttingen, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated in the southern Harz, approx. 15 km south of Braunlage, and 15 km northwest of Nordhausen.

Walkenried was the seat of the Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") Walkenried, which was abolished in November 2016 when Wieda and Zorge were incorporated into the municipality.

The village is principally known as the location of Walkenried Abbey, the third Cistercian monastery established on German-speaking territory, founded in 1127 and secularised in 1668.

Braunlage
Braunlage (German pronunciation: [bʁaʊnˈlaːɡə] ⓘ) is a town and health resort in the Goslar district of Lower Saxony in Germany. Situated within the Harz mountain range, south of the Brocken massif, Braunlage's main business is tourism, particularly skiing. Nearby ski resorts include the Sonnenberg and the slopes on the Wurmberg.
Digital nomad
A digital nomad is a person who travels freely while working remotely using information and communications technology such as the Internet. Such people generally have minimal material possessions and work remotely in temporary housing, hotels, cafes, public libraries, co-working spaces, or recreational vehicles, using Wi-Fi, smartphones or mobile hotspots to access the Internet.

The majority of digital nomads describe themselves as programmers, content creators, designers, or developers. Some digital nomads are perpetual travelers, while others only maintain the lifestyle for a short period of time. While some nomads travel through multiple countries, others remain in one area, and some may choose to travel while living in a vehicle, in a practice often known as van-dwelling.

In 2023, there were 17.3 million American digital nomads, which was a 131% increase since 2019, and the number increased to 18.1 million in 2024.

Programmer
A programmer, computer programmer or coder is an author of computer source code – someone with skill in computer programming.
The professional titles software developer and software engineer may be used for jobs that require a programmer.
Cattigara
Cattigara is the name of a major port city located on the Magnus Sinus described by various ancient sources. Some modern scholars have linked Cattigara to the archaeological site of Óc Eo in present-day Vietnam.

Gulf of Thailand
The Gulf of Thailand, historically known as the Gulf of Siam, is a shallow inlet adjacent to the southwestern South China Sea, bounded between the southwestern shores of Mainland Southeast Asia and the northern half of the Malay Peninsula. It is around 800 km (500 mi) in length and up to 560 km (350 mi) in width, and has a surface area of 320,000 km2 (120,000 sq mi). The gulf is surrounded on the north, west and southwest by the coastlines of Thailand; on the northeast by Cambodia; and the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. It opens to the South China Sea in the southeast.
2019 Copa LP Chile Hacienda Chicureo
The 2019 Copa LP Chile Hacienda Chicureo was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the third edition of the tournament which was part of the 2019 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Colina, Chile between 4 and 10 November 2019.

2019 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour
The 2019 International Tennis Federation (ITF) Women's World Tennis Tour is a second-tier tour for women's professional tennis. It is organized by the International Tennis Federation and is a tier below the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour. The ITF Women's World Tennis Tour includes tournaments with prize money ranging from $15,000 to $100,000. The ITF Women's World Tennis Tour is the product of reforms designed to support talented junior players in their progression to the senior game, and target the prize money effectively at professional tournaments to enable more players to make a living.
2006 WNBA All-Star Game
The 2006 WNBA All-Star Game was played on July 12, 2006 at Madison Square Garden in New York, New York, home of the New York Liberty. The game was the 7th annual WNBA All-Star Game. This was the third time New York has hosted the basketball showcase, after previously hosting the 1999 and 2003 games.

WNBA All-Star Game
The Women's National Basketball Association All-Star Game, commonly referred to as the  WNBA All-Star Game, is the annual all-star game hosted each July by the Women's National Basketball Association, showcasing the league's top players. It is the feature event of the WNBA All-Star Weekend, a three-day event which goes from Friday to Sunday in a selected WNBA city. The WNBA All-Star Game was first played at Madison Square Garden on July 14, 1999.
Zimbabwe Development Party
The Zimbabwe Development Party is a minor Zimbabwean political party. It ran nine candidates in the Zimbabwean parliamentary election, 2008 but fared poorly, winning just 608 votes (0.03%).

The party was launched on 4 February 2008 in Harare by Kisnot Mukwazhi, a former ZANU-PF member. At the party's launch, attended by about fifty people, Mukwazhi praised ZANU-PF's policies and Robert Mugabe while castigating the MDC and Morgan Tsvangirai. The party's founders left the launch when grilled by journalists on the circumstances behind the party's sudden formation.

Mukwazhi stood as the party's presidential candidate for the Zimbabwean general election, 2013.

ZANU–PF
The Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF) is a political organisation which has been the ruling party of Zimbabwe since independence in 1980. The party was led for many years by Robert Mugabe, first as prime minister with the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and then as president from 1987 after the merger with the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) and retaining the name ZANU–PF.

At the 2008 parliamentary election, the ZANU–PF lost sole control of parliament for the first time in party history and brokered a difficult power-sharing deal with the Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai (MDC). ZANU-PF then won the 2013 election, gaining a two-thirds majority. The party narrowly held their super-majority in the 2018 election.

On 19 November 2017, following a coup d'état, ZANU–PF removed Robert Mugabe as party leader, who resigned two days later, and appointed former Vice President Emmerson Mnangagwa in his place.
1990 United States House of Representatives elections in Montana
The 1990 United States House of Representatives elections in Montana were held on November 6, 1990 to elect the two U.S. representatives to represent the state of Montana in the 102nd Congress. The elections coincided with other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the U.S. Senate, and various other state and local elections.

This was the last election in which Montana had two congressional districts until the 2022 elections, where it regained its second district after the 2020 census.

2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Montana
The 2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Montana were held on November 8, 2022, to elect two U.S. Representatives from Montana, one from each of its congressional districts. Prior to this election cycle, Montana had one at-large district, represented by Republican Matt Rosendale. However, during the 2020 redistricting cycle, Montana regained the 2nd district that it lost in 1993.

As a result, Montana became the first state relegated from multi-district to at-large status that reclaimed a second representative in the House of Representatives, in which Rosendale ran for re-election.
Zhou Jiabin
Zhou Jiabin (Chinese: 周家斌; pinyin: Zhōu Jiābīn; born September 1964) is a former Chinese politician who spent most of his career in southwest China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. As of December 2024, he was under investigation by China's top anti-graft watchdog. Previously he served as party secretary of Guilin and vice chairperson of the People's Congress of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

Zhou was a delegate to the 12th National People's Congress and a representative of the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.

12th National People's Congress
The 12th National People's Congress (NPC) was elected in national congressional conferences from October 2012 to February 2013 and was in session from 2013 to 2018. It succeeded the 11th National People's Congress.  It held five plenary sessions in this period, occurring around early March every year.  It was succeeded by the communing of the 13th National People's Congress.