hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Timeline of same-sex marriage in the United States
This article contains a timeline of significant events regarding same-sex marriage in the United States. On June 26, 2015, the landmark US Supreme Court decision in Obergefell v. Hodges effectively ended restrictions on same-sex marriage in the United States.

Baker v. Nelson
Richard John Baker v. Gerald R. Nelson, 291 Minn. 310, 191 N.W.2d 185 (1971), was a case in which the Minnesota Supreme Court decided that construing a marriage statute to restrict marriage licenses to persons of the opposite sex "does not offend" the United States Constitution. Baker appealed the decision, and on October 10, 1972, the U.S. Supreme Court dismissed the appeal "for want of a substantial federal question".

Because the case came to the Supreme Court through mandatory appellate review (not certiorari), the dismissal constituted a decision on the  merits and established Baker v. Nelson as precedent, although the extent of its precedential effect had been subject to debate. In May 2013, Minnesota legalized same-sex marriage and it took effect on August 1, 2013. On June 26, 2015, the Supreme Court explicitly overruled Baker in Obergefell v. Hodges, making same-sex marriage legal nationwide.
Bathurst motorcycle race riots
The Bathurst motorcycle race riots, or the Easter Motorcycle riots were a series of disturbances between 1980 and 1985 involving motorsport spectators and the New South Wales Police Force Tactical Response Group during the Australian motorcycle Grand Prix. Every Easter, the population of Bathurst would swell to 70,000, roughly 30,000 of those being motorcycle racing fans, with the police force in turn growing from the 25 normally stationed in the town to more than 500 to watch motorcycle racing in Mount Panorama Circuit, New South Wales. However during the early 80s, the fans and police relations began to breakdown and will eventually start the riots in the area for years.

Bathurst, New South Wales
Bathurst (/ˈbæθɜːrst/ BATH-erst, locally /ˈbæθəst/ BATH-əst) is a city in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. Bathurst is about 200 kilometres (120 mi) west-northwest of Sydney and is the seat of the Bathurst Regional Council. Founded in 1815, Bathurst is the oldest inland settlement in Australia and had a population of 44,621 in 2023.

Bathurst is often referred to as the Gold Country, as the area was the site of Australia's first discovery of payable gold in 1851, and where Australia's first gold rush occurred. Today education, tourism and manufacturing drive the economy. The internationally known racetrack Mount Panorama, also known as Wahluu, is a landmark of the city which brings in a lot of tourism, especially during the week of the Bathurst 1000. Bathurst has a historic city centre with many ornate buildings remaining from the New South Wales gold rush in the mid to late 19th century.
Enviga
Enviga was a carbonated canned green-tea drink. Enviga is a trademark of  Beverage Partners Worldwide, a joint venture between The Coca-Cola Company and Nestlé. It was available in three flavors: Green Tea, Tropical Pomegranate, and Mixed Berry. According to Coca-Cola, Enviga burns 60 to 100 calories per three 12-oz.(330 ml) cans due to its high EGCG and caffeine content. The makers of the drink were sued for making fraudulent health claims about weight loss, and agreed to settle and cease repeating them. By 2008 the drink was practically removed from the market.

Canned tea
Canned tea is a relatively recent method of marketing tea which has been sold traditionally as leaf tea and also, for the last 100 years, in tea bag form. It utilises the canning process to produce a ready made drink. Perceived advantages includes ease of use (minimal or no preparation time) and the possibility of additives (such as flavours or sugar); the disadvantages are the cost of shipment (and therefore the price of the product) and a lack of freshness.
Army–Royal Military College men's ice hockey rivalry
The Army–Royal Military College men's ice hockey rivalry is a college ice hockey rivalry between the Army Black Knights men's ice hockey and RMC Paladins men's ice hockey programs. The first meeting between the two occurred on 2 February 1923 and was largely recurring afterwards.

RMC Paladins men's ice hockey
The RMC Paladins men's ice hockey team is an ice hockey team representing the Royal Military College Paladins athletics program of Royal Military College of Canada. The team is a member of the Ontario University Athletics conference and compete in U Sports. The Paladins play their home games at the Constantine Arena in Kingston, Ontario.
Applied Micro Circuits Corporation
Applied Micro Circuits Corporation (also known as AppliedMicro, AMCC or APM) was a fabless semiconductor company designing network and embedded Power ISA (including a Power ISA license), and server processor ARM (including an ARMv8-A license), optical transport and storage products.

Fabless manufacturing
Fabless manufacturing is the design and sale of hardware devices and semiconductor chips while outsourcing their fabrication (or fab) to a specialized manufacturer called a semiconductor foundry. These foundries are typically, but not exclusively, located in mainland China and Taiwan. Fabless companies can benefit from lower capital costs while concentrating their research and development resources on the end market. Some fabless companies and pure play foundries (like TSMC) may offer integrated-circuit design services to third parties.
Greg Pearce (politician)
Gregory Stephen Pearce (born 22 January 1955), an Australian politician, is a former member of the Legislative Council of New South Wales, representing the Liberal Party from 1 November 2000 to 15 November 2017.  He also served as Minister for Finance and Services and Minister for the Illawarra in the O'Farrell ministry from 2011 to 2013.

Minister for Finance (New South Wales)
The New South Wales Minister for Finance is a minister of the New South Wales Government within Treasury and the Department of Customer Service and has responsibilities for matters relating to revenue collection policy and regulation in the state of New South Wales, Australia.

The minister is supported by the Minister for Small Business who has responsibilities for matters relating to small business policy and regulation in New South Wales.

The minister administers the portfolio and supports the Treasurer of New South Wales, through Treasury, Revenue NSW, and associated government agencies.

Ultimately the minister is responsible to the Parliament of New South Wales.
Sanmiao tribe
Sanmiao (Chinese: 三苗) was a legendary tribal confederation or state said to exist in ancient China. It was formed by the descendants of the Jiuli tribe, dismantled after the Battle of Zhuolu in 2,500 BC.

Their kingdom consisted of three distinct groups, led by three rulers. It rebelled against several Han emperors. They were persecuted and subjugated by Emperors Yao and Shun, thus being classified as one of the Four Perils and nicknamed with the derogatory term "Miao".

The Sanmiao tribes were officially defeated by Yu the Great during the first rule of the Xia dynasty, in the end of the 20th century BC.

Hmong people
The Hmong people (RPA: Hmoob, CHV: Hmôngz, Nyiakeng Puachue: 𞄀𞄩𞄰, Pahawh Hmong: 𖬌𖬣𖬵, IPA: [m̥ɔ̃́], Chinese: 苗族蒙人) are an ethnic group from East and Southeast Asia. In China, the Hmong people are classified as a sub-group of the Miao people. The modern Hmong reside mainly in Southwestern China and Mainland Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, and Myanmar. There are also diaspora communities in the United States, Australia, France, and South America.
Gmina Ryczywół
Gmina Ryczywół is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Oborniki County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Ryczywół, which lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) north of Oborniki and 47 km (29 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.

The gmina covers an area of 154.54 square kilometres (59.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,113.

Oborniki
Oborniki [ɔbɔrˈɲikʲi] is a town in west-central Poland, in Greater Poland Voivodeship, about 30 km (19 mi) north of Poznań. It is the capital of Oborniki County and of Gmina Oborniki. Its population is 18,176 (2005).
Olive Lembe di Sita
Marie Olive Lembe di Sita (born 29 July 1976) is the former First Lady of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. She was the long-term girlfriend of Congolese President Joseph Kabila whom she married on 1 June 2006, becoming her country's First Lady.

In 1998, a daughter was born to the couple, Sifa Kabila, named after Kabila's mother, and former first lady Sifa Mahanya.

First Lady of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
First Lady of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (French: Première Dame de la République démocratique du Congo) is the title attributed to the wife of the president of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

The country's current first lady is Denise Tshisekedi, wife of President Félix Tshisekedi, who had held the title since January 24, 2019.
Glesborg
Glesborg is a village, with a population of 607 (1 January 2025), in Norddjurs Municipality, Central Denmark Region in Denmark. It is located 20 km northeast of Ryomgård, 48 km east of Randers and 16 km northwest of Grenaa.

Glesborg was the municipal seat of the former Nørre Djurs Municipality until 1 January 2007.

Glesborg Church, built in the 13th century, is located in the village.

Grenaa
Grenaa (or Grenå) is a Danish town and seaport on the east coast of the Jutland peninsula. Tourism, education and commerce are important sectors in the economy of Grenaa. It is the only larger town on Djursland. Grenaa is the municipal seat, and the largest town, in Norddjurs Municipality, which covers the northern half of Djursland.
Brucemore
Brucemore, a park-like, 26-acre (110,000 m2) estate in the heart of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, is the site of a Queen Anne-style mansion, formal gardens, a children's garden, night garden, pond, orchard, and woodland. Built between 1884 and 1886 by Caroline Sinclair, widow of pioneer industrialist Thomas M. Sinclair, Brucemore has been home to three prominent families who used the estate as a center for culture and the arts. Brucemore, whose name alludes to the Scottish moors of the second owner's ancestral home, is Iowa's only National Trust Historic Site and is preserved by the National Trust for Historic Preservation in co-stewardship with Brucemore, Inc. Under the name of the T.M. Sinclair Mansion, it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The mansion has three stories, and contains twenty-one rooms. Distinctive features include a steeply gabled roof, five chimneys, and several turrets.

National Trust for Historic Preservation
The National Trust for Historic Preservation is a privately funded, nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C., that works in the field of historic preservation in the United States. The member-supported organization was founded in 1949 by congressional charter to support the preservation of America’s diverse historic buildings, neighborhoods, and heritage through its programs, resources, and advocacy.
Esther Frumkin
Esther Frumkin (Yiddish: עסטער פרומקין; 1880 – 8 June 1943), born Malkhe Khaye Lifshitz and also known as Mariya Yakovlevna Frumkina, was a Belarusian Bundist revolutionary and publicist and Soviet politician who served as leader of the General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia, and later of the Yevsektsiya in the Soviet Union. An ardent proponent of the Yiddish language, her political position on Jewish assimilation satisfied neither traditional Jews nor the Soviet leaders.

Tablet (magazine)
Tablet is an American conservative magazine focused on Jewish news and culture, featuring journalism, commentary, criticism, fiction, and essays. It was founded in 2009 by editor-in-chief Alana Newhouse and is supported by the Nextbook foundation. Tablet has won National Magazine Awards, including one for General Excellence.

The magazine has been described as conservative or center-right by Jewish organizations.
Pozole
Pozole (Spanish pronunciation: [po'sole]; from Nahuatl languages: pozolli) is a traditional soup or stew from Mexican cuisine. It is made from hominy with meat (typically chicken or pork), and can be seasoned and garnished with shredded lettuce or cabbage, chili peppers, onion, garlic, radishes, avocado, salsa or limes.  Known in Mesoamerica since the pre-Columbian era, the stew is common across Mexico and neighboring countries, served both as a day-to-day meal and as a festive dish.

Blue corn
Blue corn (also known as Hopi maize, Yoeme Blue, Tarahumara Maiz Azul, and Rio Grande Blue) is a group of several closely related varieties of flint corn grown in Mexico, the Southwestern United States, and the Southeastern United States.  It is one of the main types of corn used for the traditional Southern and Central Mexican food known as tlacoyo.

It was originally developed by the Hopi, the Pueblo Indians of the Rio Grande in Arizona, and several Southeastern tribes, including the Cherokee. It remains an essential part of Hopi dishes like piki bread. Blue corn meal is a corn meal that is ground from whole blue corn and has a sweet flavor. It is also a staple of New Mexican cuisine used commonly to make tortillas.

Blue corn contains anthocyanins, which give the corn its blue color.
Transhumanist politics
Transhumanist politics constitutes a group of political ideologies that generally express the belief in improving human individuals through science and technology. Specific topics include space migration, and cryogenic suspension. It is considered the opposing ideal to the concept of bioconservatism, as Transhumanist politics argue for the use of all technology to enhance human individuals.

Radical democracy
Radical democracy is a type of democracy that advocates the radical extension of equality and liberty. Radical democracy is concerned with a radical extension of equality and freedom, following the idea that democracy is an unfinished, inclusive, continuous and reflexive process.
Paddy McDonnell
Patrick Joseph McDonnell (29 April 1895 – 18 July 1977) was a  Gaelic footballer and Gaelic games administrator. At club level, he played with O'Tooles and also lined out at inter-county level with Dublin.

Dublin Senior Football Championship
The Dublin Senior Football Championship (currently known for sponsorship reasons as the Go-Ahead Dublin Senior Football Championship) is an annual Gaelic Athletic Association competition between the top Dublin GAA clubs.

The winners of the Dublin Championship qualify to represent their county in the Leinster Senior Club Football Championship, the winners of which progress to the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship.

The 2025 Dublin champions are  Ballyboden St Enda's who defeated Na Fianna in the final.
Frauendorf (Bad Staffelstein)
Frauendorf is a borough of Bad Staffelstein in the Bavarian region of Upper Franconia. The town's name harks back to the year 1070, when it served as a gift to enable the establishment of the Frauenkloster (Monastery of Our Lady).

The town's skyline is marked by the striking St. Ägidius Church, which was designed by the master architect Johann Thomas Nissler (1713–1769). He also oversaw the construction work at the Basilica of the Vierzehnheiligen for Balthasar Neumann, which is probably why the church is so stylistically similar to the cathedral.

Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers
The Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers (German: Basilika Vierzehnheiligen) is a church located near the town of Bad Staffelstein near Bamberg, in Bavaria, southern Germany. The late Baroque (Rococo) basilica, designed by Balthasar Neumann, was constructed between 1743 and 1772. It is dedicated to the Fourteen Holy Helpers, a group of saints venerated together in the Catholic Church, especially in Germany at the time of the Black Death. The interior has been nicknamed "God's Ballroom".
Northern Ireland Prison Service
The Northern Ireland Prison Service is the agency charged with managing prisons in Northern Ireland.

It is an executive agency of the Department of Justice, the headquarters of which are in Castle Buildings in the Stormont Estate in Belfast.

The service's stated aim is "to improve public safety by reducing the risk of re-offending through the management and rehabilitation of offenders in custody".

It is distinct from His Majesty's Prison Service, which manages most prisons in England and Wales, and the Scottish Prison Service, which manages most prisons in Scotland.

Police Service of Northern Ireland
The Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI; Irish: Seirbhís Póilíneachta Thuaisceart Éireann; Ulster Scots: Polis Service o Norlin Airlan), is the police service responsible for law enforcement and the prevention of crime within Northern Ireland.

It is the successor to the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) after it was reformed and renamed in 2001 on the recommendation of the Patten Report.

The PSNI is the third-largest police service in the United Kingdom in terms of officer numbers (after the Metropolitan Police and Police Scotland) and the second-largest in terms of geographic area of responsibility, after Police Scotland. The PSNI is approximately half the size of Garda Síochána in terms of officer numbers.
Ilija Ivezić
Ilija Ivezić (20 July 1926 – 14 April 2016) was a Croatian film actor. He was born in Ričice, Gračac and died shortly before his 90th birthday. In a career that spanned more than five decades, Ivezić worked with directors such as Fadil Hadžić, Krsto Papić, Vatroslav Mimica, Antun Vrdoljak, Veljko Bulajić, and Antun Vrdoljak, among many others.

Veljko Bulajić
Veljko Bulajić (22 March 1928 – 2 April 2024) was a Montenegrin and Yugoslav film director. Bulajić is a UNESCO Kalinga Prize recipient. He spent the majority of his life working in Croatia and is primarily known for directing World War II-themed movies from the Partisan film genre. According to the Croatian Public Broadcasting Company, his films have reached an audience of over 500 million viewers worldwide. The top four most viewed Yugoslav films of all time were all directed by Bulajić. MUBI streaming service describes Bulajić as "a creator of made-to-order epic blockbusters".
Informa
Informa plc is a British publishing, business intelligence, and exhibitions group with headquarters in London, England. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It has offices in 42 countries and around 14,000 employees. Informa owns numerous brands including Fan Expo, VidCon, Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity, CRC Press, Routledge, and Taylor & Francis.

FTSE 100 Index
The Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index, also called the FTSE 100 Index, FTSE 100, FTSE or, informally, the "Footsie" /ˈfʊtsi/, is one of the United Kingdom's best-known stock market indices and represents the 100 most highly capitalised blue chips listed on the London Stock Exchange.
Sydney Paget
Sydney Augustus Paget (19 April 1857 – 16 September 1916) was an English aristocrat who owned and raced Thoroughbred racehorses in the United States and who managed the racing operations for prominent owners, William C. Whitney and James Ben Ali Haggin.

James Ben Ali Haggin
James Ben Ali Haggin (December 9, 1822 – September 12, 1914) was an American
attorney, rancher, investor, art collector, and a major owner and breeder in the sport of Thoroughbred horse racing. Haggin made a fortune in the aftermath of the California Gold Rush and was a multi-millionaire by 1880.

Those who recounted James Ben Ali Haggin's appearance often noted his short stature and "slightly Oriental appearance handed down from his Turkish ancestors".
Moonlake
Moonlake is the thirty-fifth album by Klaus Schulze. It was originally released in 2005, and, taking in consideration the previously released multi-disc box sets (Silver Edition, Historic Edition, Jubilee Edition, Contemporary Works I, and Contemporary Works II), it could be viewed as Schulze's ninety-sixth album. The first two tracks were made in the studio; the last two are live.

Although the booklet states (as above) that "Same Thoughts Lion" and "Mephisto" are the remastered live tracks, there is a suggestion that it is "Mephisto" and the second half of "Playmate in Paradise" that are live, possibly from a performance in Poznan (Poland) on 5 November 2003.

Jubilee Edition
Jubilee Edition is a limited edition 25-disc CD box set released by Klaus Schulze in 1997 containing unreleased archival recordings in addition to new studio material. This set was wholly included in Schulze's 50-disc CD box set The Ultimate Edition released in 2000 (disc 2 was slightly remastered and discs 19 and 21 were restructured). Beginning in 2009, tracks from this set were reissued  as La Vie Electronique, a series of 3-disc CD sets releasing all the material of The Ultimate Edition in chronological order.
Manziana
Manziana is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Italian region of Latium, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Rome.

Manziana borders the following municipalities: Bracciano, Canale Monterano, Oriolo Romano, Tolfa.

Oriolo Romano
Oriolo Romano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Viterbo in the Italian region of Latium, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Rome and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of Viterbo on a hilly area near the ancient Via Clodia.
Palacio de Villena (Cadalso de los Vidrios)
The Palace of Villena (Spanish: Palacio de Villena) is a palace located in Cadalso de los Vidrios, Spain.  It was built by Álvaro de Luna, Duke of Trujillo.

The building and the gardens are separately listed as Bienes de Interés Cultural (Spain's national heritage listing).
The building is listed as a monumento and has been protected since 1931, while the gardens are listed as a jardín histórico and have been protected since the 1970s.

Jardín histórico
A jardín histórico is a Spanish historic garden. In Spain Jardín histórico is a heritage listing which protects historic gardens. (The English equivalent would be the English Heritage 'Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of special historic interest in England'). The Spanish listing was established in 1983, replacing a former heritage category Jardín artístico. It is currently regulated by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport.

Some of Spain's national heritage sites are protected under more than one classification. For example, the Alhambra and Generalife are designated for buildings and gardens.

Individual trees may be protected by Árbol singular status (the Spanish equivalent of a Tree preservation order). For example, a taxodium mucronatum which is one of the oldest trees in the Buen Retiro Park is catalogued as an arbol singular and can be viewed with other remarkable trees on a trail.
Involutory matrix
In mathematics, an involutory matrix is a square matrix that is its own inverse. That is, multiplication by the matrix  is an involution if and only if  where  is the  identity matrix. Involutory matrices are all square roots of the identity matrix. This is a consequence of the fact that any invertible matrix multiplied by its inverse is the identity.

Hermitian matrix
In mathematics, a Hermitian matrix (or self-adjoint matrix) is a  square matrix that is equal to its own conjugate transpose—that is, the element in the i-th row and j-th column is equal to the complex conjugate of the element in the j-th row and i-th column, for all indices i and j. In index form, or in matrix form:

Hermitian matrices can be understood as the complex extension of real symmetric matrices.

If the conjugate transpose of a matrix  is denoted by  then the Hermitian property can be written concisely as

Hermitian matrices are named after Charles Hermite, who demonstrated in 1855 that matrices of this form share a property with real symmetric matrices of always having real eigenvalues. Other, equivalent notations in common use are  although in quantum mechanics,  typically means the complex conjugate only, and not the conjugate transpose.