hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arkadioi
Arkadioi (Greek: Αρκάδιοι) was a former municipality on the island of Zakynthos, Ionian Islands, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Zakynthos, of which it is a municipal unit. It is located on the north coast of the island. It has a land area of 26.475 km². Its population was 5,729 at the 2021 census. The seat of the municipality was in Vanato. The municipal unit consists of the communities Vanato, Agios Kirykos, Kalipado, Kypseli, Planos, Sarakinado and Tragaki.

Kalipado
Kalipado (Greek: Καλιπάδο) is a settlement on the island of Zakynthos of Greece. It is located 1 km (0.62 mi) northwest of Vanato and 5 km (3.1 mi) northwest of Zakynthos City.

There is significant history attributed to the origins of this village in the area of Arkadioi, a municipal unit of the Southern Ionian Sea chain of islands that go from north, opposite Albania to the south, opposite the mid-Peloponesean southern coast of lower Greece. Its history embraces the era of Magna Graecia and Roman Empire through its many years of being an important colony of Venice, Milano and England, up through 1860 when the Ionian Islands joined post Ottoman-occupied Greece.
F&G
F&G Annuities & Life, Inc. is a public company headquartered in Des Moines, Iowa. It primarily provides annuities, life insurance, and pension buyout services. The company was founded in 1959.

Known as Fidelity & Guaranty Life until a 2019 rebrand, the company has been a subsidiary of Fidelity National Financial, a previously unrelated company, since 2020.

Fidelity National Financial
Fidelity National Financial, Inc. (NYSE: FNF), is an American provider of title insurance and settlement services to the real estate and mortgage industries. A Fortune 500 company, Fidelity National Financial generated approximately $8.469 billion in annual revenue in 2019 from its title and real estate-related operations. The company was the first instance of an attorney licensed by a Native American Tribe being certified as "authorized house counsel" in the state of Florida.
Isaak Lalayants
Isaak Khristoforovich Lalayants (pseudonyms: Columbus, Izarov, Insarov et al.; 5 August [O.S. 24 July] 1870 – 14 July 1933) was a Russian revolutionary, Bolshevik and comrade-in-arms of Vladimir Lenin.

He was a member of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) since 1898 and member of its Central Committee from 1905 to 1906.

Narodniks
The Narodniks were members of a movement of the Russian Empire intelligentsia in the 1860s and 1870s, some of whom became involved in revolutionary agitation against tsarism. Their ideology, known as Narodism, Narodnism, or Narodnichestvo, was a form of agrarian socialism, though it is often misunderstood as populism.

The Going to the People campaigns were the central impetus of the Narodnik movement. The Narodniks were in many ways the intellectual and political forebears and, in notable cases, direct participants of the Russian Revolution—in particular of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party, which went on to greatly influence Russian history in the early 20th century.
18th Battalion (Parachute), Royal Malay Regiment
The 18th Battalion (Parachute), Royal Malay Regiment (Malay: Batalion ke-18, Rejimen Askar Melayu Diraja (Payung Terjun)), abbreviated 18 RAMD (Para) from its local name, is a battalion-sized airborne infantry unit of the Malaysian Army's Royal Malay Regiment. The 18 RAMD is the newest conventional infantry unit to be promoted to an airborne unit, and they have now officially been part of the Malaysian Army's elite 10 Parachute Brigade since 21 February 2018.

Malaysian Army
The Malaysian Army (Malay: Tentera Darat Malaysia; Jawi: تنترا دارت مليسيا‎) is the land component of the Malaysian Armed Forces. Steeped in British Army traditions, the Malaysian Army does not carry the title ‘royal’ (diraja) as do the Royal Malaysian Navy and the Royal Malaysian Air Force. Instead, the title is bestowed on selected army corps and regiments who have been accorded the honour by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong ('The King of Malaysia'), who is the Supreme Commander of the Malaysian Armed Forces.
Chenxiang Pavilion
Chenxiang Pavilion or Chenxiangge Nunnery (simplified Chinese: 沉香阁; traditional Chinese: 沉香閣; pinyin: Chénxiāng Gé) is a Buddhist temple located in the Huangpu District of Shanghai. It is currently serving as a nunnery for Buddhist nuns.

Hall of Four Heavenly Kings
The Hall of Four Heavenly Kings is a building in East Asian Buddhist temples and the first important hall inside a shanmen (mount gate) in most Chinese and Korean Buddhist temples as well as temples in the Japanese Ōbaku Zen tradition. It is typically named due to the Four Heavenly Kings statues enshrined in the hall. In Chinese Buddhist temples, they are usually termed the Tianwang dian or Tianwang Hall. In Japanese Buddhist temples, they are usually termed the Tennō-den. In Korean Buddhist temples, they are usually termed the Cheonwangmun.
Jameh Mosque of Ardestan
The Jāmeh Mosque of Ardestan (Persian: مسجد جامع اردستان, romanized: Masjid-e Jāmeh Ardestan) is a congregational mosque (Jāmeh) in Ardestan, Isfahan province, Iran.

The oldest parts indicate a pre-Seljuk building, and it is possible the mosque was built on the site of a Chahartaq. The structure was incorporated in a Seljuk kiosk mosque in the 12th century CE, and further expanded to the classical four-iwan plan. The stucco decoration of the mihrab was altered during the Ilkhanate.

The mosque was added to the Iran National Heritage List on 9 July 1932, administered by the Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts.

Congregational mosque
A congregational mosque or Friday mosque (Arabic: مَسْجِد جَامِع, romanized: masjid jāmi‘, or simply جَامِع, jāmi‘; Turkish: Cami), or sometimes great mosque or grand mosque (جامع كبير, jāmi‘ kabir; Ulu Cami), is a mosque for hosting the Friday noon prayers known as jumu'ah. It can also host the Eid prayers in situations when there is no musalla or eidgah available nearby to host the prayers. In early Islamic history, the number of congregational mosques in one city was strictly limited. As cities and populations grew over time, it became more common for many mosques to host Friday prayers in the same area. In early centuries, the congregational mosque was also a center of social and public life, hosting various other activities in addition to prayers, such as judicial and educational functions.
Irish Army deafness claims
The army deafness claims were a series of personal injury claims taken from 1992 to 2002 against the Irish Department of Defence by members of the Irish Defence Forces for noise-induced hearing loss resulting from exposure to loud noise during military operations and training. The claims stated that the government had failed to provide adequate ear protectors during firing exercises, as was required under regulations dating back to the 1950s. About 16,500 claims were made, resulting in payouts totalling about €300m.

Department of Defence (Ireland)
The Department of Defence (Irish: An Roinn Cosanta) is the department of the Government of Ireland that is responsible for preserving peace and security in Ireland, and administers the Irish Defence Forces. The department is led by the Minister for Defence.
Reta Cowley
Reta Cowley (born Reta Madeline Summers; 1 April 1910 – 23 November 2004) was a Canadian painter. She is known for her watercolours of the prairie country around Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, which capture the unique qualities of space and light.

Walter J. Phillips
Walter Joseph Phillips RCA (October 25, 1884 – July 5, 1963) was an English-born Canadian painter and printmaker. He is credited with popularizing the colour woodcut in the style of the Japanese, in Canada.
HMS Fantome (1810)
HMS Fantome was an 18-gun brig-sloop of the Royal Navy. She was originally a French privateer brig named Fantôme, which the British captured in 1810 and commissioned into British service. Fantome saw extensive action in the War of 1812 until she was lost in a shipwreck at Prospect, Nova Scotia, near Halifax in 1814.

Raid on Havre de Grace
The Raid on Havre de Grace was a seaborne raid that took place on 3 May 1813 during the broader War of 1812. A squadron of the British Royal Navy under Rear Admiral George Cockburn attacked the town of Havre de Grace, Maryland, at the mouth of the Susquehanna River. Cockburn's forces routed the town's defenders and sacked and burnt several buildings before withdrawing.
Peter Stewart Macliver
Peter Stewart Macliver (1822 – 19 April 1891) was a Scottish journalist and Liberal Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1880 to 1885.

Macliver was the son of David Macliver of Kilchoman, Islay. He was educated at Glasgow High School, and the University of Glasgow. He became a journalist and co-founded the Western Daily Press in Bristol in 1858. He was a J.P. for Somerset.

At the 1880 general election, Macliver was elected as a member of parliament (MP) for Plymouth.
He held the seat until his defeat at the 1885 election.

Macliver died at the age of 68 .

MacLiver married Anne Miller daughter of P Miller of Glasgow in 1842. He was a cousin of Field Marshal Baron Clyde.

Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde
Field Marshal Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde, GCB, KSI (20 October 1792 – 14 August 1863) was a British Army officer. After serving in the Peninsular War and the War of 1812, he commanded the 98th Regiment of Foot during the First Opium War and then commanded a brigade during the Second Anglo-Sikh War. He went on to command the Highland Brigade at the Battle of Alma and with his "thin red line of Highlanders" he repulsed the Russian attack on Balaclava during the Crimean War. At an early stage of the Indian Mutiny, he became Commander-in-Chief, India and, in that role, he relieved and then evacuated Lucknow and, after attacking and decisively defeating Tatya Tope at the Second Battle of Cawnpore, captured Lucknow again. Whilst still commander-in-chief he dealt with the "White Mutiny" among East India Company troops, and organised the army sent east in the Second Opium War.
Suburra
The Suburra, or Subura (from the latin Subura) was a vast and populous neighborhood of Ancient Rome, located below the Murus Terreus on the Carinae and stretching on the slopes of the Quirinal and Viminal hills up to the offshoots of the Esquiline (Oppian, Cispian and Fagutal hills).

Since the lower part of the neighbourhood – although overlooking an area of monuments and public services – was home to an urban underclass who lived in miserable conditions, as well as a pleasure district, the term suburra has remained in the Italian language with the generic meaning of 'disreputable place", "place of ill repute" or similar.

Julius Caesar lived in a family home (domus) in the Suburra until, in 63 BC, he was elected pontifex maximus at the age of 37. The Suburra had grown up around the property many years before his birth. The poet Martial also lived there.

Viminal Hill
The Viminal Hill (/ˈvɪmɪnəl/ VIM-in-əl; Latin: Collis Vīminālis [ˈkɔllɪs wiːmɪˈnaːlɪs]; Italian: Viminale [vimiˈnaːle]) is the smallest of the famous Seven Hills of Rome. A finger-shape cusp pointing toward central Rome between the Quirinal Hill to the northwest and the Esquiline Hill to the southeast, it is home to the Teatro dell'Opera and the Termini Railway Station.

At the top of the Viminal Hill is the Palace of Viminale that hosts the headquarters of the Ministry of the Interior; currently the term Il Viminale means the Ministry of the Interior.

According to Livy, the hill first became part of the city of Rome, along with the Quirinal Hill, during the reign of Servius Tullius, Rome's sixth king, in the 6th century BC. The name of the hill derives from Latin viminalis (“pertaining to osiers”), from vimen (“a pliant twig, osier”).
Çerçili, İslahiye
Çerçili is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of İslahiye, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. Its population is 295 (2022). The village is inhabited by Tahtacı, a subgroup of Alevi Turkomans, who belong to the Hacı Emirli ocak. The türbe of the founder of this ocak, İbrahim Sani, is located in Çerçili.

The village was known as Tut Alanı (lit. 'mulberry field') in the 16th century and was inhabited by dervishes of İbrahim Baba and Ayrums.

İslahiye
İslahiye is a municipality and district of Gaziantep Province, Turkey. Its area is 865 km2, and its population is 67,650 (2022). It is a railway border crossing into Syria. Near İslahiye is the site of ancient Nicopolis.

The railway station of Islahiye is the last stop on the railway to Damascus in Syria. Since March 2001, a regular train line runs once a week between Syria and Iran via Islahiye. The state road D.825, which connects Gaziantep with Antakya, runs through İslahiye.

The town is inhabited by Yörüks of the Aydınlı tribe. English traveler Mark Sykes recorded İslahiye as a town inhabited by Turks in early 20th century.

A magnitude 7.8 earthquake struck İslahiye on 6 February 2023, causing widespread devastation in the town and many deaths.
Bacampicillin
Bacampicillin (INN) is a penicillin antibiotic. It is a prodrug of ampicillin with improved oral bioavailability.

It was sold under the brand names Spectrobid (Pfizer) and Penglobe (AstraZeneca).In 2015, Pfizer discontinued Spectrobid, and no generic manufacturer has taken over production. Bacampicillin is thus unavailable in the United States, and is no longer FDA approved.

Prodrug
A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be used to improve how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME).

Prodrugs are often designed to improve bioavailability when a drug itself is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A prodrug may be used to improve how selectively the drug interacts with cells or processes that are not its intended target.  This reduces adverse or unintended effects of a drug, especially important in treatments like chemotherapy, which can have severe unintended and undesirable side effects.
Diplomat (card game)
Diplomat is a patience or solitaire card game which is played using two decks of playing cards shuffled together. Its layout is similar to that of Beleaguered Castle, and the play is similar to Forty Thieves.  It can be completed successfully more often than not.

Solitaire
Solitaire, patience, or card solitaire refer to a genre of card games whose common feature is that the aim is to arrange the cards in some systematic order or, in a few cases, to pair them off in order to discard them. Most are intended for play by a single player, but there are varieties for two or more players.
2003 Spengler Cup
The 2003 Spengler Cup was held in Davos, Switzerland from December 26 to December 31, 2003.  All matches were played at host HC Davos's home Eisstadion Davos. The final was won 7-4 by Team Canada over host HC Davos.

Eisstadion Davos
zondacrypto Arena is an indoor arena in Davos, Switzerland. It is primarily used for ice hockey and is the home arena of HC Davos. It holds 7,080 people, of which 3,280 are seated. Every year the Spengler Cup is played in this arena.

Major renovation of the arena started at the conclusion of the 2017–18 season to upgrade most of the stands and the concourse. The seating capacity was not increased and the total cost was around CHF 27 million. Construction began in 2018 and was completed in 2021.
Bear Island (film)
Bear Island is a 1979 adventure film based on Alistair MacLean's 1971 novel of the same name. It was directed by Don Sharp, and starring Donald Sutherland, Vanessa Redgrave, Richard Widmark, Christopher Lee, Barbara Parkins and Lloyd Bridges.

Bear Island (novel)
Bear Island is a thriller novel by Scottish author Alistair MacLean. Originally published in 1971 with a cover by Norman Weaver, it was the last of MacLean's novels to be written in first-person narrative. This novel is a murder mystery with the added twist that the scene of the crimes is Bear Island, an island in the Svalbard archipelago of the Norwegian Arctic.
Tuberous begonia
Tuberous is an informal classification of Begonias named for the tubers that lie dormant after the plants dies back in the fall or winter, from which the plant regrows in the spring or fall. This type of begonia is usually grown for the flowers they produce, sometimes regarded as some of the most spectacular of the genus. They can be as small as half an inch to as big around as dinner plates. They come in all shades but blue, and some have different colored edges, or are scented. They vary in growth habit, some kinds trailing with pendulant flowers, others with sturdy, upright stalks.

Tuberous begonias were one of the first types of begonias ever to be hybridized. One of the first hybrids produced was B. x sedenii in 1870, a cross between B. boliviensis, collected by botanist Richard Pearce, and a species from the Andes. Another species from Peru, B. davisii (named after Walter Davis), was also used in early breeding.

Begonia pearcei
Begonia pearcei is a plant in the begonia family, Begoniaceae. It was introduced to Europe in 1864 by Richard Pearce (after whom it was named) who discovered it in the Bolivian Andes on the south-eastern altiplano, where it's likely endemic.  It's a tuberous geophyte and grows primarily in seasonally dry tropical biomes.

B. pearcei is important in the hybridizing of the Begonia × tuberhybrida begonias, the first of which appeared in 1867. All B. x tuberhybrida cultivars with yellow flowers are direct descendants of B. pearcei.
Glossary of firelighting
This is an alphabetized glossary of terms pertaining to lighting fires, along with their definitions. Firelighting (also called firestarting, fire making, or fire craft) is the process of starting a fire artificially. Fire was an essential tool in early human cultural development. The ignition of any fire, whether natural or artificial, requires completing the fire triangle, usually by initiating the combustion of a suitably flammable material.

Redheads (matches)
Redheads is an Australian brand of matches, originally manufactured by Bryant and May in Richmond, Victoria, but now manufactured in Sweden by Swedish Match. It is Australia's top-selling match brand.

Matches were first produced in Australia in 1909. Initially they were made of white phosphorus.

In 1946 Bryant & May began making safety matches in Australia, using red phosphorus as the striking surface. The Redhead name refers to the red striking-heads of the matches, which were first sold in Australia in 1947.

The logo on the matchbox depicts the head and right shoulder of a redheaded woman, and has had four major updates since its introduction, with a number of special issues also produced.
Pueblo, San Juan, Puerto Rico
Río Piedras Pueblo (officially just Pueblo, unofficially downtown Río Piedras), is one of 18 barrios in the municipality of San Juan, Puerto Rico.  Rio Piedras Pueblo is what used to be the urban center-barrio (downtown district) of the former municipality of Río Piedras until 1951, when the municipality of Rio Piedras was merged with the municipality of San Juan.

Rio Piedras Pueblo is bounded to the west by Hato Rey Sur and El Cinco, with Universidad barrio to the North, and with Sabana Llana Sur barrio to the south and east. It is made up of 6 subbarrios: Buen Consejo, Capetillo, Monte Rey, Río Piedras Antiguo, Ubarri, and Venezuela. The University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras is located nearby.

Universidad, San Juan, Puerto Rico
Universidad, located in Rio Piedras, is one of the 18 barrios of the municipality of San Juan, Puerto Rico.

It originally belonged to the municipality of Río Piedras. When Río Piedras was annexed to San Juan in 1951, Río Piedras's barrio Universidad became one of San Juan's barrios. Universidad is notable for being the location of the main campus of the University of Puerto Rico at Río Piedras. The underground section of the Tren Urbano with the Universidad station is located below Ponce de León Avenue, to the west of the neighborhood.
Nahamu
Nahamu ("Comfort") is a British think-tank which campaigns against what it considers extremism in the Haredi Jewish community. It was founded in 2019 by several people concerned that coercive practices in the Haredi community were being ignored due to secular concerns around cultural sensitivity.

Nahamu acts as a thinktank aiming to engage policy-makers and influence both government and community leaders in areas such as forced marriage and safeguarding practices in community institutions. It works with other organisations such as Mavar and Gesher EU to assist Haredi Jews who wish to leave the community, but primarily seeks to improve the living conditions and welfare of Jewish people who choose to remain in their existing communities. Founder Yehudis Fletcher, who continues to identify as culturally Haredi, has stated, "I'm not threatening to leave [the Haredi community], I'm threatening to stay."

Get (divorce document)
A get, ghet, or gett (/ɡɛt/; Imperial Aramaic: גט, plural gittin גטין) is a document in Jewish religious law which effectuates a divorce between a Jewish couple. The term is also used to refer to the divorce itself. The get is a 12-line document written in Aramaic. The requirements for a get include that the document must be presented by a husband to his wife. The essential part of the get is a very short declaration: "You are hereby permitted to all men." The effect of the get is to free the woman from the marriage, and consequently, she is free to marry another, and that the laws of adultery no longer apply. The get also restores to the wife the legal rights that her husband held over her.
Sakanmaw
Sakanmaw is a village in Ann Township, Kyaukpyu District, in the Rakhine State of southwestern Burma. It is located 22.9 kilometres (14.2 mi) by road south of  Ann. The village is narrow and long in shape, sandwiched between the highway and a meandering river. The 10 IAF Squadron of the Indian Air Force wiped out the village during World War II because it was an important Japanese concentration point. To the south of Sakanmaw a roofed flat-boat over 60 feet (18 metres) long was attacked.

Ann District
Ann Township (Burmese: အမ်းမြို့နယ်) is the only township in Ann District (Burmese: အမ်းခရိုင်), central Rakhine State, Myanmar. The principal town and district capital is Ann. Founded in 1333 AD in King Min Hti.
SS postcode area
The SS postcode area, also known as the Southend-on-Sea postcode area, is a group of seventeen postcode districts in England, within eleven post towns. These cover south-east Essex, including Southend-on-Sea, Basildon, Benfleet, Canvey Island, Hockley, Leigh-on-Sea, Rayleigh, Rochford, Stanford-le-Hope, Westcliff-on-Sea and Wickford.

Wickford
Wickford is a town and civil parish in the Basildon borough of Essex, England. It is located approximately 30 miles (48 km) east of London and 4 miles (6 km) north-east of the centre of Basildon. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 27,601 and the built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics had a population of 27,535.

Wickford has a main high street which includes a wide range of shops. It also has a swimming pool, library, open-air market and a community centre within the vicinity of the town centre.