hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NGC 1633
NGC 1633 is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation of Taurus. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 4,930±4 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 237.1 ± 16.6 Mly (72.71 ± 5.09 Mpc). However, three non-redshift measurements give a closer mean distance of 187.87 ± 5.23 Mly (57.600 ± 1.604 Mpc). It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 9 December 1798.

Intermediate spiral galaxy
An intermediate spiral galaxy is a galaxy that is in between the classifications of a barred spiral galaxy and an unbarred spiral galaxy. It is designated as SAB in the galaxy morphological classification system devised by Gerard de Vaucouleurs, and is also known as a weakly barred spiral galaxy. Subtypes are labeled as SAB0, SABa, SABb, or SABc, following a sequence analogous to the Hubble sequence for barred and unbarred spirals. The subtype (0, a, b, or c) is based on the relative prominence of the central bulge and how tightly wound the spiral arms are.
Estelito Mendoza
Estelito "Titong" Patdu Mendoza (January 5, 1930 – March 26, 2025) was a Filipino lawyer who served as Solicitor General of the Philippines from 1972 to 1986. As Solicitor General, he successfully defended the validity of the 1973 Constitution of the Philippines in the Ratification Cases. He was the Chairman of the United Nations General Assembly Legal Committee in 1976. He also served as Minister of Justice from 1984 to 1986, Member of the Batasang Pambansa from 1978 to 1980 and 1984 to 1986, and provincial governor of Pampanga from 1980 to 1984 and from 1985 to 1986. He was also the founding partner of Estelito P. Mendoza and Associates. In his long trial-lawyer career, he was dubbed as the "Attorney of Last Resort."

Supreme Court of the Philippines
The Supreme Court (Filipino: Kataas-taasang Hukuman), colloquially referred to as the Korte Suprema (also used in formal writing), is the highest court in the Philippines. It was established by the Taft Commission in June 11, 1901, through the enactment of Act No. 136, which abolished the Real Audiencia of Manila, the predecessor of the Supreme Court.

The Supreme Court compound is located in what was formerly a part of the University of the Philippines Manila campus. It occupies the corner of Padre Faura Street and Taft Avenue in Ermita, Manila, with the main building sited directly in front of Philippine General Hospital's cancer institute.
Vivo (Tanghetto album)
Vivo is the first of two studio albums released by Argentine electrotango band Tanghetto. It was recorded during the El Miedo a la Libertad and Más Allá del Sur tours from 2007 through 2010, in different cities in South America, North America and Europe.

During the 2007 European tour, Tanghetto was interviewed and performed in the BBC World Service. This performance was recorded and later included in VIVO, amongst other recordings in different cities, such as Buenos Aires, São Paulo, Mexico City, Montevideo, Groningen and Paris.

The album included three studio bonus tracks: "Juego Irreal", an original Tanghetto song performed by Uruguayan tango singer Tabaré Leyton, a cover of Seven Nation Army from The White Stripes and a cover of Computer Love from Kraftwerk.

A second volume with more tango dance-friendly and generally a more acoustic and organic sound was released in 2012 under the name VIVO Milonguero.

VIVO was nominated for a Gardel Award in Argentina in 2011.

Más Allá del Sur
Más Allá del Sur is Argentine electrotango band Tanghetto's third studio album (or fourth if Hybrid Tango, a side project released in 2004 is included). The album was released in November 2009.

According to the band's website, the album represents a move towards the roots of a more traditional tango, while keeping the modern elements that are a trademark of Tanghetto.

In 2010 the album received a Gardel Award nomination.
Metropolis of Corinth
The Metropolis of Corinth, Sicyon, Zemenon, Tarsos and Polyphengos (Greek: Ιερά Μητρόπολις Κορίνθου, Σικυώνος, Ζεμενού, Ταρσού και Πολυφέγγους) is a metropolitan see of the Church of Greece in Corinthia, Greece. Since the Middle Ages it has also existed as a Roman Catholic titular see. The latest metropolitan (since 2025) is Paul II Kitsos .

Konrad Eubel
Konrad Eubel or Conradus Eubel (19 January 1842 – 5 February 1923) was a German Franciscan historian. He is known for his reference work, the Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, on medieval popes, cardinals and bishops. It appeared in three volumes, beginning in 1898.  It covers the period 1198 to 1592, and is a more detailed version of the Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae by Pius Bonifacius Gams.

Under the title of the Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi the work has continued and now stands at nine volumes covering the period from 1198 to 1922.

Other works include a Franciscan bullarium.
Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans
Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterium species from the genus Paenarthrobacter. This bacterium has the ability to degrade atrazine, nicotine, and creatine. and produces nicotine dehydrogenase

Paenarthrobacter
Paenarthrobacter is a genus of bacteria from the family Micrococcaceae.

Paenarthrobacter members share the following properties:

A3a type peptidoglycan

Menaquinone MK-9(H2)

A polar lipid profile composed primarily of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, dimannosylglyceride, and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol; and to a lesser extent, trimannosyldiacylglycerol.

A fatty acid composition primarily from anteiso-C15:0, and to a lesser extent iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, anteiso-C17:0 and isoC14.

A genomic GC content in the range of 61.3–62.5 mol%.
Göçeri, Kütahya
Göçeri is a village in Kütahya District of Kütahya Province, Turkey. As of 2022, its population is 105.

About 200 m northwest of the village is an isolated rocky outcrop known as Göçeri Kale. It seems to have been inhabited as early as the Phrygian period. There are remains of a rectangular cistern on the edge of the rocky plateau on top of the outcrop, and there are also several old cave dwellings on the outcrop's side. The biggest of these was decorated with geometric and plant reliefs and was connected to the plateau area by a staircase.: 198–9

Kütahya District
Kütahya District (also: Merkez, meaning "central" in Turkish) is a district of the Kütahya Province of Turkey. Its seat is the city of Kütahya. Its area is 2,470 km2, and its population is 282,243 (2022).
2012 Music City Bowl
The 2012 Franklin American Mortgage Music City Bowl was a post-season American college football bowl game held on December 31, 2012, at LP Field in Nashville, Tennessee. The fifteenth edition of the Music City Bowl began at 11:05 a.m. CST and aired on ESPN. It featured the NC State Wolfpack from the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) against the Vanderbilt Commodores from the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and was the final game of the 2012 NCAA Division I FBS football season for both teams.  The Wolfpack accepted their invitation to the game after attaining a 7–5 regular-season record, while the hometown Commodores accepted theirs after attaining an 8–4 record.

2012 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
The 2012 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 2012 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Commodores played their six home games at Vanderbilt Stadium at Dudley Field in Nashville, Tennessee, which has been Vanderbilt football's home stadium since 1922.  The team's head coach was James Franklin, who was in his second year at Vanderbilt.

On November 11, 2012, Vandy became bowl eligible in back to back years for the first time in its 123-year football history. This was the first time since 1935 that Vandy won five SEC games in a year and the first time in 30 years that they won at home against Tennessee. Vanderbilt finished the year with the longest current SEC winning streak. For the first time since 1948, Vanderbilt finished the season with a top 25 ranking.
Green Double House
Green Double House is a historic duplex home located at Hannibal, Marion County, Missouri.  It was built in 1857–1858, and was a one-story, "raised cottage" or the "double gallery" clapboard structure on a completely exposed squared rubble basement. The house was divided into two residences.: 56–57  It has been demolished.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

Duplex (building)
A duplex house plan has two living units attached to each other, either next to each other as townhouses and condominiums or one above the other like apartments. By contrast, a building comprising two attached units on two distinct properties is typically considered semi-detached or twin homes but is also called a duplex in parts of the Northeastern United States, Western Canada, and Saudi Arabia.

The term "duplex" is not extended to three-unit and four-unit buildings, as they would be referred to with specific terms such as three-family (or triplex) and fourplex (or quadplex/quadruplex) or a more general multiplex. Because of the flexibility of the term, the line between an apartment building and a duplex is somewhat blurred, with apartment buildings tending to be bigger, while duplexes are usually the size of a single-family house.

Certain jurisdictions may describe these as paired homes.
England women's national rugby sevens team
The English women's national rugby sevens team has competed in the Hong Kong Women's Sevens tournaments since 1997. England are also one of six teams announced by the International Rugby Board as "core teams" that competed in all four rounds of the inaugural IRB Women's Sevens World Series in 2012–13. England won the bronze medal at the 2018 Commonwealth Games.

At the 2018 Rugby World Cup Sevens they lost to Ireland in the opening game of the tournament and were knocked out of the Championship Cup. They defeated Japan to win the Challenge Trophy Final and placed ninth overall. England, representing Great Britain, won the 2019 Rugby Europe Women's Sevens, thus qualifying for the 2020 Olympics.

Japan women's national rugby sevens team
The Japan women's national rugby sevens team has competed in competitions such as the Hong Kong Women's Sevens.

In 2012-13 they played two World Series tournaments, placing 13th in China. In the 2013–14  season they placed 7th at São Paulo and 8th at Atlanta. They were not invited to any World Series tournament in 2014–15. Japan played the full 2015–16 World Series, with a best result of 9th at the Dubai Sevens, and finished 11th in the overall standings.

Japan qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics after winning the 2015 ARFU Women's Sevens Championships. The team won over Kenya but lost twice to Brazil, finishing 10th in the tournament. In 2021, the Sakura's lost all of their five games and finished last at the 2020 Olympics.
Marcia gens
The gens Marcia, occasionally written Martia, was one of the oldest and noblest houses at ancient Rome. They claimed descent from the second and fourth Roman Kings, and the first of the Marcii appearing in the history of the Republic would seem to have been patrician; but all of the families of the Marcii known in the later Republic were plebeian. The first to obtain the consulship was Gaius Marcius Rutilus in 357 BC, only a few years after the passage of the lex Licinia Sextia opened this office to the plebeians.

Velleius Paterculus
Marcus Velleius Paterculus (/vɛˈliːəs, -ˈleɪəs/; c. 19 BC – c. AD 31) was a Roman historian, soldier and senator. His Roman history, written in a highly rhetorical style, covered the period from the end of the Trojan War to AD 30, but is most useful for the period from the death of Caesar in 44 BC to the death of Augustus in AD 14.
City of Quincy v. Jackson
Quincy v. Jackson, 113 U.S. 332 (1885), was a writ of error brought to reverse a judgment by the court below by Jackson, a relator, who recovered a judgment against the City of Quincy, Illinois, for the sum of $9,546.24, with costs of suit.

Quincy, Illinois
Quincy (/ˈkwɪnsi/ KWIN-see) is a city in Adams County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. Located on the Mississippi River, the population was 39,463 as of the 2020 census, down from 40,633 in 2010. The Quincy micropolitan area had 114,649 residents.

Known as Illinois's "Gem City", Quincy was a thriving transportation center as riverboats and rail service linked the city to many destinations west and along the river during the 19th century. It was Illinois' second-largest city, surpassing Peoria in 1870. The city has several historic districts, including the Downtown Quincy Historic District and the South Side German Historic District, which display the architecture of Quincy's many German immigrants from the late 19th century.
François Dagnaud
François Dagnaud (born 4 January 1962) is a French politician of the Socialist Party. Since 2013, he has served as mayor of the 19th arrondissement of Paris. He has been a member of the Council of Paris since 1995, and was a deputy mayor of Paris from 2001 to 2013. From 2001 to 2014, he served as president of Syctom. In the 2017 legislative election, he was the substitute candidate of Jean-Christophe Cambadélis for Paris's 16th constituency.

Jean-Christophe Cambadélis
Jean-Christophe Cambadélis (born 14 August 1951) is a French politician of the Socialist Party (PS) who served as the party's First Secretary from April 2014 to June 2017. He was a member of the National Assembly of France, representing the city of Paris, as a member of the Socialist, Republican & Citizen.
Rheomys
Rheomys is a genus of Mexican and Central American semiaquatic rodents in the family Cricetidae.

It contains the following species:

Mexican water mouse, Rheomys mexicanus

Goldman's water mouse, Rheomys raptor

Thomas's water mouse, Rheomys thomasi

Underwood's water mouse, Rheomys underwoodi

Thomas's water mouse
Thomas's water mouse  (Rheomys thomasi) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae found in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Mexico at altitudes of 400 to 2700 m. It lives near forest streams and is semiaquatic; its carnivorous diet includes both invertebrates and small vertebrates. The conservation status of the species is rated as "near threatened" because of the small size of its range and the threat of degradation of its habitat, including the water quality of the streams it lives along.
Nalamukh
A Trijunction in Pokhara (Tersapatti, Mahendrapul and Bagar), Nepal, that has some very old houses in the city with spectacular architecture. Nalamukh among the first residential areas and commercial centers in Pokhara before 1960. Bhimsen Temple is located in Nalamukh.

Mahendrapul
Mahendrapul (Nepali: महेन्द्र पुल) is the financial hub and the busiest high street of Pokhara. It is one of the oldest and busiest marketplaces in the city and one of its central locations. It is named after the Mahendrapul Bridge over Seti River. The  bridge links Ranipauwa to Mahendrapool.
Projection principle
In linguistics, the projection principle is a stipulation proposed by Noam Chomsky as part of the phrase structure component of generative-transformational grammar. The projection principle is used in the derivation of phrases under the auspices of the principles and parameters theory.

Subcategorization
In linguistics, subcategorization denotes the ability/necessity for lexical items (usually verbs) to require/allow the presence and types of the syntactic arguments with which they co-occur. For example, the word "walk" as in "X walks home" requires the noun-phrase X to be animate.

The notion of subcategorization is similar to the notion of valency, although the two concepts (subcategorization and valency) stem from different traditions in the study of syntax and grammar.
Newburg, Louisville
Newburg is a former census-designated place in Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 20,636 at the 2000 census. On January 6, 2003, the area was annexed to the city of Louisville due to a merger between the city and Jefferson County's unincorporated communities. Newburg is now thought to be a neighborhood (by local media) within the now merged city of Louisville.

Courier Journal
The Courier Journal, also known as the Louisville Courier Journal (and informally The C-J or The Courier), and called The Courier-Journal between November 8, 1868, and October 29, 2017, is a daily newspaper published in Louisville, Kentucky, and owned by USA Today Co., which bills it as "Part of the USA Today Network".

It is the newspaper with the highest number of recorded circulation in Kentucky. According to the 1999 Editor & Publisher International Yearbook, the paper is the 48th-largest daily paper in the United States.
Paola Ricciardi-Castagnoli
Paola Ricciardi-Castagnoli (Italian pronunciation: [ˈpaːola ritˈtʃardi kastaɲˈɲɔːli]; born September 14, 1948) is an Italian immunologist based in Siena. Paola is the scientific director of Toscana Life Sciences Foundation (TLS) in Siena. She was former scientific director of the Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN).

Pasteur Institute
The Pasteur Institute (French: Institut Pasteur, pronounced [ɛ̃stity pastœʁ]) is a French non-profit private foundation dedicated to the study of biology, micro-organisms, diseases, and vaccines. It is named after Louis Pasteur, who invented pasteurization and vaccines for anthrax and rabies. The institute was founded on 4 June 1887 and inaugurated on 14 November 1888.

For over a century, the Institut Pasteur has researched infectious diseases. This worldwide biomedical research organization based in Paris was the first to isolate HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, in 1983. It has also been responsible for discoveries that have enabled medical science to control diseases such as diphtheria, tetanus, tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, influenza, yellow fever, and plague.

Since 1908, ten Institut Pasteur scientists have been awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine and physiology—the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was shared between two Pasteur scientists.
A76 road
The A76 road is a major trunk road in south west Scotland.

Starting at Kilmarnock in East Ayrshire, the A76 goes through or immediately by-passes Hurlford, Mauchline, Auchinleck, Cumnock, Pathhead and New Cumnock before entering Dumfries and Galloway and continuing through Kirkconnel, Sanquhar, Mennock, Enterkinfoot, Carronbridge, Thornhill, Closeburn, Kirkpatrick, Auldgirth and Holywood before terminating at Dumfries. For the majority of its length (the portion from New Cumnock to Dumfries) it follows the valley of the River Nith which also lends its name to the historic district of Nithsdale.

Nithsdale
55°07′59″N 3°43′59″W﻿ / ﻿55.133°N 3.733°W﻿ / 55.133; -3.733

Nithsdale (Scottish Gaelic: Srath Nid), also known as Strathnith, Stranith or Stranit, is the strath or dale of the River Nith in southern Scotland. Nithsdale was one of the medieval provinces of Scotland. The provinces gradually lost their administrative importance to the shires created from the twelfth century, with Nithsdale forming part of Dumfriesshire. A Nithsdale district covering a similar area to the medieval province was created in 1975, based in the area's main town of Dumfries. The district was abolished in 1996, since when the area has been directly administered by Dumfries and Galloway Council.
Gerard Murphy (mathematician)
Gerard J. Murphy (November 1948 – 12 October 2006) MRIA was a prolific Irish mathematician.  His textbooks are internationally acclaimed, and translated into different languages. He died from cancer in October 2006, at the age of 57.

Isometry
In mathematics, an isometry (or congruence, or congruent transformation) is a distance-preserving transformation between metric spaces, usually assumed to be bijective. The word isometry is derived from the Ancient Greek: ἴσος isos meaning "equal", and μέτρον metron meaning "measure". If the transformation is from a metric space to itself, it is a kind of geometric transformation known as a motion.
John Cameron Mitchell
John Cameron Mitchell (born April 21, 1963) is an American actor, playwright, screenwriter, singer, songwriter, producer and director. He is known as the writer, director and star of the 2001 film Hedwig and the Angry Inch, which is based on the stage musical of the same name. He also co-wrote and starred in the 2019 musical audio series Anthem: Homunculus and portrayed the role of Joe Exotic in the Peacock limited series Joe vs. Carole in 2022.

Obie Award
The Obie Awards or Off-Broadway Theater Awards are annual awards given since 1956 by The Village Voice newspaper to theater artists and groups involved in off-Broadway and off-off-Broadway productions in New York City. Starting just after the 2014 ceremony, the American Theatre Wing became the joint presenter and administrative manager of the Obie Awards. The Obie Awards are considered off-Broadway's highest honor, similar to the Tony Awards for Broadway productions.
2011 Poli-Farbe Budapest Grand Prix
The 2011 Poli-Farbe Budapest Grand Prix was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 16th edition of the Budapest Grand Prix, an International-level tournament on the 2011 WTA Tour. It took place in Budapest, Hungary, from 2 July through 10 July 2011. First-seeded Roberta Vinci won the singles title.

2011 WTA Tour
The WTA Tour is the elite tour for women's professional tennis organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The 2011 WTA Tour includes the Grand Slam tournaments (sanctioned by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA Premier tournaments, the WTA International tournaments, the Fed Cup (organized by the ITF), the Commonwealth Bank Tournament of Champions and the WTA Championships.
Dead Sea Works
The Dead Sea Works (Hebrew: מפעלי ים המלח, Mif'alei Yam HaMelakh) is an Israeli potash plant in Sodom, on the Dead Sea coast of Israel. Originally known as the Palestine Potash Concession, it operated from two sites during the Mandatory Palestine period - Kalya in the north and Sodom in the south.

Mount Sodom
Mount Sodom (Hebrew: הר סדום, Har Sedom) is a hill along the southwestern part of the Dead Sea in Israel; it is part of the Judaean Desert Nature Reserve. It takes its name from the biblical city of Sodom, whose destruction is the subject of a narrative in the Bible.
Aqköl (lake)
Aqköl (Kazakh: Ақкөл; Russian: Акколь), is a salt lake in Zhangeldi District, in the SW sector of the Kostanay Region, Kazakhstan.

Local authorities try to promote tourism in the lake, but the area lacks the necessary infrastructure. The nearest inhabited locality is Akhmeta Baytursynuly 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) to the east of the eastern shore.

Kostanay Region
Kostanay Region (Kazakh: Қостанай облысы, romanized: Qostanai oblysy) is a region of Kazakhstan. Its administrative center is the city of Kostanay.  The population of the region is 835,686.  The population living in Kostanay is 207,000, which is equivalent to 23% of the region.
Aşağı Zeynəddin
Aşağı Zeynəddin (also, Ashagy Zeynaddin) is a village and municipality in the Agdash Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 1,181. The municipality consists of the villages of Aşağı Zeynəddin, Yeniarx, and  Tatlar.

Aşağı Qobuüstü
40°42′06″N 47°18′36″E﻿ / ﻿40.70167°N 47.31000°E﻿ / 40.70167; 47.31000

Aşağı Qobuüstü (known as Yeniarx until 2015) is a village in the Agdash Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Qobuüstü.