hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Critical section
In concurrent programming, concurrent accesses to shared resources can lead to unexpected or erroneous behavior. Thus, the parts of the program where the shared resource is accessed need to be protected in ways that avoid the concurrent access. One way to do so is known as a critical section or critical region. This protected section cannot be entered by more than one process or thread at a time; others are suspended until the first leaves the critical section. Typically, the critical section accesses a shared resource, such as a data structure, peripheral device, or network connection, that would not operate correctly in the context of multiple concurrent accesses.

Scheduling (computing)
In computing, scheduling is the action of assigning resources to perform tasks. The resources may be processors, network links or expansion cards. The tasks may be threads, processes or data flows.

The scheduling activity is carried out by a mechanism called a scheduler. Schedulers are often designed so as to keep all computer resources busy (as in load balancing), allow multiple users to share system resources effectively, or to achieve a target quality-of-service.

Scheduling is fundamental to computation itself, and an intrinsic part of the execution model of a computer system; the concept of scheduling makes it possible to have computer multitasking with a single central processing unit (CPU).
Shooting at the 1952 Summer Olympics – Men's 50 metre pistol
The men's ISSF 50 meter pistol was a shooting sports event held as part of the Shooting at the 1952 Summer Olympics programme. It was the eighth appearance of the event. The competition was held on 25 July 1952 at the shooting ranges in Helsinki. 48 shooters from 28 nations competed. The maximum number of shooters per nation was reduced to 2, from 3 in previous Games. The event was won by Huelet Benner of the United States, the nation's first victory in the event since 1920 (and fourth overall, most of any nation). Silver went to Ángel León Gozalo of Spain and bronze to Ambrus Balogh of Hungary; they were the first medals in the free pistol for both nations.

Shooting at the 1952 Summer Olympics
With the competitions in shooting at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, the Olympic shooting program began its expansion. Three new events were added: 100 metre running deer, 50 metre rifle three positions and trap. In total there were seven events held between 25 and 29 July 1952. No women participated in the 1952 shooting events. This was the first year that a new format was introduced as well: the sights on the guns were now located on the left side of the barrel.
Commoners Crown
Commoners Crown is the seventh studio album by British folk rock band Steeleye Span, released in 1975 by Chrysalis Records. It was their second album with the band's most commercially successful line-up. The album reached number 21 in the UK album charts.

The album's title refers to a sculpture produced by Shirtsleeves Studio, which appears on the cover of the album.  The sculpture is composed of hundreds of tiny human figures assembled to form a crown.  The tiny figures also decorate the liner notes.

The album's cover can be seen in Stanley Kubrick's 'The Shining' approximately 1 hour, 10 minutes, 14 seconds in, at the beginning of the scene where Dick Hallorann (Scatman Crothers) is in bed watching TV.

Sir Hugh
"Sir Hugh", also known as "The Jew's Daughter" or "The Jew's Garden", is a traditional British folk song, Child ballad No. 155, Roud No. 73, a folkloric example of a blood libel. The original texts are not preserved, but the versions written down from the 18th century onwards show a clear relationship with the 1255 accusations of the murder of Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln by Jews in Lincoln, making it likely that the known versions derive from compositions made around that time.

The title is a corruption of "Little Saint Hugh".
Marathon Project
The Marathon Project was an elite-only marathon held on the Gila River Indian Reservation in Chandler, Arizona in December 2020. It was created by Northern Arizona Elite coach Ben Rosario together with Josh Cox and Matt Helbig to provide a race after many of the World Marathon Majors were cancelled due to COVID-19.

Gila River Indian Reservation
Gila River Indian Reservation was a reservation established in 1859 by the United States government in New Mexico Territory, to set aside the lands of the Akimel O’odham (Pima) and the Piipaash (Maricopa) people along the Gila River, in what is now Pinal County, Arizona. The self-government of the reservation as the Gila River Indian Community was established by Congress in 1939.
WLJR
WLJR (88.5 FM) is a non-commercial radio station licensed to Birmingham, Alabama.  It is owned by Briarwood Presbyterian Church on Briarwood Way in Birmingham.

WLJR broadcasts a Christian radio format to the Greater Birmingham area. The station derives a majority of its programming from the Moody Broadcasting Network and American Family Radio (AFR). It is also available online at playwljr.com

American Family Radio
American Family Radio (AFR), also known as American Family News (AFN), is a network of more than 180 radio stations broadcasting Christian-oriented programming to over 30 states. AFR streams its programming on its website and the AFR mobile app.
Zeem language
Zeem, or Chaari, is an endangered Chadic dialect cluster of Nigeria, whose speakers are shifting to Hausa. Dyarim is closely related.

The Zeem language is spoken in Toro LGA, Bauchi State. The Tulai and Danshe dialects are no longer spoken. It is also called Chaari, Dokshi, Dyarum, Kaiwari, Kaiyorawa, Lukshi, and Lushi.

Dyarim had been influenced by Beromic languages during a time when Beromic was more widespread.

Chadic languages
The Chadic languages form a branch of the Afroasiatic language family. They are spoken in parts of the Sahel. They include 196 languages spoken across northern Nigeria, southern Niger, southern Chad, and northern Cameroon. By far the most widely spoken Chadic language is Hausa, a lingua franca of much of inland Eastern West Africa, particularly Niger and the northern half of Nigeria. Hausa is the only Chadic language with more than 1 million speakers.
Belén García Mendoza
Belén Ysabel García Mendoza (born 15 October 1977) is a Peruvian politician. Originally from Ica, she ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the Peruvian Congress under the Popular Alliance electoral coalition; prior, she had two unsuccessful runs for the Ica Provincial Council, at the 2006 and 2010 municipal elections.

Originally elected Deputy Institutional General Secretary of the Peruvian Aprista Party in 2019, García rose through succession to the position of General Secretary in 2021 following former congressman Elías Rodríguez expelling for alleged treason from the party, as it was revealed Rodríguez had commenced the registration of his own regional movement while serving as national Institutional General Secretary.

García ran Jorge del Castillo’s running mate alongside Mauricio Mulder as part of one of the tickets competing in the party’s presidential primary for the 2026 general election, placing third in the primary and losing to Enrique Valderrama’s ticket.

Enrique Valderrama
Pitter Enrique Valderrama Peña (born 14 April 1986) is a Peruvian politician, journalist, and former political commentator. A member of the Peruvian Aprista Party (APRA), he is currently a member of the party's National Political Commission and the party’s presidential nominee for the upcoming 2026 presidential election.

As a journalist, he serves as a columnist for Expreso. He is also the founder of the political affairs online portal Punto de Encuentro.
Tonopah Test Range Airport
Tonopah Test Range Airport (IATA: XSD, ICAO: KTNX, FAA LID: TNX), at the Tonopah Test Range (Senior Trend project site PS-66, abbreviated TTR) is 27 NM (50 km; 31 mi) southeast of Tonopah, Nevada, and 140 mi (230 km) northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada. It is a major airfield with a 12,000 ft × 150 ft (3,658 m × 46 m) runway, instrument approach facilities, and nighttime illumination.  The facility has over fifty hangars and an extensive support infrastructure.

57th Wing
The 57th Wing (57 WG) is an operational unit of the United States Air Force (USAF) Warfare Center, stationed at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada.

The 57 WG's mission is to provide well trained and well equipped combat forces ready to deploy into a combat arena to conduct integrated combat operations.
Sidney Lau romanisation
Sidney Lau romanisation is a system of romanisation for Cantonese that was developed in the 1970s by Sidney Lau for teaching Cantonese to Hong Kong Government expatriates.  It is based on the Hong Kong Government's Standard Romanisation which was the result of the work of James D. Ball and Ernst J. Eitel about a century earlier.

Standard Romanization (Cantonese)
Standard Romanization is a system of romanisation for Cantonese developed by Christian missionaries in southern China in 1888, particularly relying upon the work of John Morrison Chalmers.: 82  By 1914, it had become well established in Canton (Guangzhou) and Hong Kong (there being no other system of significance in published literature, and publications using it having been issued by the British and Foreign Bible Society, the China Baptist Publication Society, and the Pakhoi Mission Press: iv  from as early as 1906). It is the foundation of the current system of romanisation used by the Hong Kong Government.
K. T. S. Padannayil
Kochuparambil Thai Subramanian Padannayil (1933 – 22 July 2021) was an Indian theatre artist and film actor who worked predominantly in Malayalam film industry. He began his acting career at the age of 21 as a theatre artist and made his film debut in 1995 through Rajasenan's comedy film Aniyan Bava Chetan Bava. Padannayil acted in more than 60 movies in various supporting and comic roles. Known for his impeccable comic timing, he is mostly remembered for his comic roles in movies such as Sreekrishnapurathe Nakshatrathilakkam, Vrudhanmare Sookshikkuka and Vaamanapuram Bus Route. He also acted in several television comedy serials.

Thrippunithura
Thrippunithura or Tripunithura (Malayalam:തൃപ്പൂണിത്തുറ) is a prominent historical and residential region in the city of Kochi in Kerala, India. Located about 7 km (4 mi) from the city centre, Tripunithura was the capital of the erstwhile Kingdom of Cochin. The descendants of the Cochin royal family still live here. The Hill Palace situated in Tripunithura was the palace of Maharaja of Cochin, the ruler of Kingdom of Cochin. Tripunithura is also well known for its historical cultures  and worldwide famous because of Sree Poornathrayeesa Temple and the annual festival Vrishchikoltsawam that takes place at the temple.

In local administration, it is a municipality named Tripunithura Municipality. In the state administrative structure, Tripunithura is part of the Ernakulam District in the state of Kerala.
Regelbau
The Regelbau (German for "standard(ised) construction") were a series of standardised bunker designs built in large numbers by the Germans in the Siegfried Line (German: Westwall) and the Atlantic Wall as part of their defensive fortifications prior to and during the Second World War.

Organisation Todt
Organisation Todt (OT; [ʔɔʁɡanizaˈtsi̯oːn toːt]) was a civil and military engineering organisation in Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945, named for its founder, Fritz Todt, an engineer and senior member of the Nazi Party. The organisation was responsible for a huge range of engineering projects both in Nazi Germany and in occupied territories from France to the Soviet Union during the Second World War. The organisation became notorious for using forced labour. From 1943 until 1945 during the late phase of the Third Reich, OT administered all construction of concentration camps to supply forced labour to industry.

There were more than 185,000 deaths of forced laborers on OT projects. Contrary to previous assumptions, research has revealed that death rates were high when the OT exercised a large degree of control over prisoners.
Westland Explorers' Monument
The Westland Explorers' Monument, also known as the Explorers' Monument, is an obelisk in Hokitika, New Zealand. It commemorates four men who lost their lives on the West Coast of the South Island between 1863 and 1866. The impetus for its erection in 1868 was the 1866 murder of George Dobson, and early on the monument was referred to as the Dobson Memorial. It was then referred to as the Weld Street Monument in reference to its original location in the centre of the intersection of Weld and Sewell streets. Deemed a traffic impediment, it was shifted to Hokitika Cemetery in 1880, but an even larger structure, the Hokitika Clock Tower, was put in its place at this intersection in 1902/1903.

Obelisk
An obelisk (/ˈɒbəlɪsk/; from Ancient Greek  ὀβελίσκος (obelískos), diminutive of ὀβελός (obelós) ' spit, nail, pointed pillar'), less often spelled obelisque, is a tall, slender, tapered monument with four sides and a pyramidal or pyramidion top. Originally constructed by Ancient Egyptians and called tekhenu, the Greeks used the Greek term obeliskos to describe them, and this word passed into Latin and ultimately English. Though William Thomas used the term correctly in his Historie of Italie of 1549, by the late sixteenth century (after reduced contact with Italy following the excommunication of Queen Elizabeth), Shakespeare failed to distinguish between pyramids and obelisks in his plays and sonnets. Ancient obelisks are monolithic and consist of a single stone; most modern obelisks are made of several stones.
Delirium (1987 film)
Delirium (Italian: Le foto di Gioia, lit. 'Photos of Gioia') is a 1987 Italian giallo film directed by Lamberto Bava and starring Serena Grandi, David Brandon, George Eastman and Daria Nicolodi. The film is about Gioia, the owner of the adult Pussycat magazine. She is harassed by a killer who sends her photos of her co-workers with her own erotic photography in the background.

The film was developed as a vehicle for Serena Grandi after the success of the film Miranda (1985). The film was shot in 10 weeks and released in April 1987 in Italy to negative critical and box office reaction.

Giallo
In Italian cinema, giallo (Italian: [ˈdʒallo]; pl.: gialli; from giallo, lit. 'yellow') is a genre that often contains slasher, thriller, psychological horror, psychological thriller, sexploitation, and, less frequently, supernatural horror elements.

This particular style of Italian-produced murder mystery horror-thriller film usually blends the atmosphere and suspense of thriller fiction with elements of horror fiction (such as slasher violence) and eroticism (similar to the French fantastique genre), and often involves a mysterious killer whose identity is not revealed until the final act of the film. The genre developed in the mid-to-late 1960s, peaked in popularity during the 1970s, and subsequently declined in commercial mainstream filmmaking over the next few decades, though examples continue to be produced. It was a predecessor to, and had significant influence on, the later slasher film genre.
Mutational meltdown
In evolutionary genetics, mutational meltdown is a sub class of extinction vortex in which the environment and genetic predisposition mutually reinforce each other. Mutational meltdown (not to be confused with the concept of an error catastrophe) is the accumulation of harmful mutations in a small population, which leads to loss of fitness and decline of the population size, which may lead to further accumulation of deleterious mutations due to fixation by genetic drift. This loss of fitness is drift load, and it is a target of conservation genetics.

A population experiencing mutational meltdown is trapped in a downward spiral and will go extinct if the phenomenon lasts for some time. Usually, the deleterious mutations would simply be selected away, but during a mutational meltdown, the number of individuals not reproducing (e.g. by suffering an early death) is too large relative to the overall population size so that mortality exceeds the birth rate.

Conservation genetics
Conservation genetics is an interdisciplinary subfield of population genetics that aims to understand the dynamics of genes in a population for the purpose of natural resource management, conservation of genetic diversity, and the prevention of species extinction. Scientists involved in conservation genetics come from a variety of fields, including population genetics, research in natural resource management, molecular ecology, molecular biology, evolutionary biology, and systematics. The genetic diversity within species is one of the three fundamental components of biodiversity (along with species diversity and ecosystem diversity), so it is an important consideration in the wider field of conservation biology.
Emil Jääskeläinen
Emil Jääskeläinen (born 13 October 2001) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for USL Championship club Sporting Club Jacksonville. Born in England, he is of Finnish descent and represents Finland internationally. He was drafted by St. Louis City SC in the 2025 MLS SuperDraft.

Missouri Athletic Club
The Missouri Athletic Club (often referred to as the MAC), founded in 1903, is a private city and athletic club with two locations. The Downtown Clubhouse is in Downtown St. Louis, Missouri, USA and the West Clubhouse is located in the St. Louis County suburb of Town and Country.

The MAC awards the annual Hermann Trophy, the highest award in American college soccer, and the Jack Buck Award (in recognition of enthusiastic and dedicated support of sports in the city of St. Louis). Notable members have included President Harry S. Truman, Charles Lindbergh, Stan Musial, and Alan Shepard. The American Legion was organized there in 1919. Membership was restricted to white men until the late 1960s and men until 1988.
Furor Teutonicus
Furor Teutonicus ('Teutonic Fury') is a Latin phrase referring to the proverbial ferocity of the Teutons, or more generally, of the Germanic tribes of the Roman Empire period.

Generally, the original expression is attributed to the Roman poet Lucan (d. AD 65). It occurs for the first time in his work, De Bello Civili. Lucan used the term to describe what he believed to be the outstanding characteristic of the Celtic/Germanic tribes called the Teutones: a mad, merciless, berserk rage in battle.

The Teutons met with the armies of the Roman Republic in the Eastern Alps around 113 BC. Under the command of the consul Gnaeus Papirius Carbo, the Romans tried to lure the tribe into a trap, but the Romans underestimated their military potential and lost the Battle of Noreia. The Romans also lost the Battle of Arausio (105 BC) and other lesser battles, before putting Gaius Marius in charge of their defence. Ultimately, the Teutons were defeated in 102 BC.

Lucan
Marcus Annaeus Lucanus (3 November AD 39 – 30 April AD 65), better known in English as Lucan (/ˈluːkən/), was a Roman poet, born in Corduba, Hispania Baetica (present-day Córdoba, Spain). He is regarded as one of the outstanding figures of the Imperial Latin period, known in particular for his epic Pharsalia. His youth and speed of composition set him apart from other poets.
INS Hosdurg
INS Hosdurg (K73) was the third ship of the Durg class corvettes of the Indian Navy. The ship was commissioned on 15 January 1978 and decommissioned on 5 June 1999. The ship was named after Hosdurg Fort, a fort in Kerala. It was built at Leningrad, Russia.

Durg-class corvette
The Durg-class corvettes of the Indian Navy were customized variants of the Soviet Navy Nanuchka-class corvettes. Three vessels of this class served in the Indian Navy, where they formed the 21st Missile Vessel Squadron (K21).

Durg-class vessels take their names from famous historical forts in India. The Durg class was primarily intended for coastal patrol and defence. They were the first class of vessels in the Indian Navy to primarily rely on surface-to-air missiles and anti-ship missiles for defence.
2024–present global memory supply shortage
The 2024–present global memory supply shortage, commonly referred by tech media outlets as "RAMmageddon" or the "RAMpocalypse", is an ongoing period of supply constraints and rapid price escalation in the semiconductor memory market, particularly affecting DRAM and NAND flash memory. Unlike the 2020–2023 global chip shortage, which stemmed primarily from pandemic-related supply chain disruptions, this shortage is driven by a structural reallocation of manufacturing capacity toward high-margin products for artificial intelligence infrastructure, creating scarcity in consumer and enterprise PC markets.

Micron Technology
Micron Technology, Inc. is an American multinational semiconductor company that manufactures computer memory and computer data storage products, including dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), flash memory, and solid-state drives (SSDs). Founded in 1978 in Boise, Idaho, Micron is the only major American computer memory manufacturer. It is one of the “Big Three” computer memory manufacturers, together with the South Korean companies Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix.

One of the Fortune 500 companies, Micron's consumer products were marketed under the brand Crucial, with the sub-brand Ballistix being used to denote products targeting gaming computers. Micron and Intel together created IM Flash Technologies, which produced NAND flash memory. It owned Lexar between 2006 and 2017.
566 Stereoskopia
566 Stereoskopia is a large, outer main-belt asteroid orbiting the Sun. It was discovered on 28 May 1905 from Heidelberg by German astronomer Paul Götz. The discovery was made from photographic plates with the use of a stereo-comparator that had been provided by Carl Pulfrich, a German physicist at the Carl Zeiss Company. The asteroid name is a reference to this device.

This object is a member of the  Cybele group located beyond the core of the main belt. It is orbiting at a distance of 3.39 AU with a period of 6.23 yr and an eccentricity of 0.12. The orbital plane is inclined at an angle of 4.9° to the plane of the ecliptic. Light curve analysis based on photometric data collected during 2008 provide a rotation period of 12.103±0.002 h for this asteroid. It has a diameter of approximately 167 km and is classified as a carbonaceous C-type asteroid.

Paul Götz
Paul Götz (1883–1962) was a German astronomer and discoverer of 20 minor planets between 1903 and 1905.

He did his Ph.D. dissertation in 1907 at the Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl (Königstuhl Observatory, near Heidelberg) at the University of Heidelberg.

At the time, the observatory at Heidelberg was a center for asteroid discovery under the direction of Max Wolf, and several past and future fellow Ph.D.s (Raymond Smith Dugan, Joseph Helffrich, Franz Kaiser, Karl Reinmuth, Emil Ernst, Alfred Bohrmann) made a number of asteroid discoveries. Thus the asteroid discoveries by "P. Gotz" at Heidelberg in this time frame are undoubtedly identified with the Paul Götz who got his Ph.D. in 1907.

The main-belt asteroid 2278 Götz was named in his memory in 1991 (M.P.C. 18447).
Lessons (The Wire)
"Lessons" is the eighth episode of the first season of the HBO original series The Wire. The episode was written by David Simon from a story by David Simon and Ed Burns and was directed by Gloria Muzio. It originally aired on July 21, 2002.

Roland Pryzbylewski
Roland "Prez" Pryzbylewski is a fictional character on the HBO drama The Wire, played by actor Jim True-Frost.  Pryzbylewski is a detective of Polish heritage in the Baltimore Police Department.  Initially seen as incompetent and rash, he proves to function better behind the scenes as a talented code-cracker. He eventually leaves the Baltimore Police Department due to the turmoil surrounding his accidental shooting of another officer, and later finds meaning as a dedicated middle school teacher.