hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bosnian uprising (1831–1832)
The Bosnian uprising was a revolt of Bosnian Ayans against the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II. The casus belli were reforms implemented by the Sultan to abolish the ayan system.

Despite winning several notable victories, the rebels were eventually defeated in a battle near Sarajevo in 1832. Internal discord contributed to the failure of the rebellion, because Gradaščević was not supported by much of the Herzegovinian ayans.

As a result, Ali Pasha Rizvanbegović was named Pasha of the Herzegovina Eyalet which was seceded in 1833. The Sultan implemented the new pasha's representative system, abolishing the old ayan system. The new pasha's representatives were mostly old ayans, but in 1850 Omer Pasha completely eliminated the old Ayan families.

Herzegovina Eyalet
The Eyalet of Herzegovina (Ottoman Turkish: ایالت هرسك; Eyālet-i Hersek, Serbo-Croatian: Hercegovački pašaluk) was an administrative division (eyalet) of the Ottoman Empire from 1833 to 1851. Its capital was Mostar.
National roads to airports in Greece
Throughout Greece, there are short sections of national roads that connect airports or air bases to the rest of the national or provincial road network. There are 14 national roads of this type: 13 were introduced on 9 July 1963, while another in Rhodes was added in 1998.

Greek National Road 8
Greek National Road 8 (Greek: Εθνική Οδός 8, abbreviated as EO8, common name: old Athens-Patras national road) is a single carriageway with at-grade intersections in the Attica, Peloponnese and West Greece regions. It connects Athens with the cities of Corinth and Patras. Since the 1960s it has been replaced for most of its length with the National Road 8A, a limited-access toll road that bypasses most towns, as the major route to the Peloponnese. The EO8a has since been upgraded to the A8 motorway.

National Road 8 passes along the northern coast of the Saronic Gulf, through the Isthmus of Corinth and further, along the southern coast of the Gulf of Corinth, and ending in downtown Patras. It runs through five regional units: Central Athens, West Athens, West Attica, Corinthia and Achaea. Since the opening of National Road 8A it is mainly used for local traffic in the coastal towns.
Levinsonite-(Y)
Levinsonite-(Y) is a rare organic mineral named in honor of Alfred A. Levinson (1927-2005), professor of mineralogy at the University of Calgary. It was named in part because of his origination of the internationally used nomenclature for rare-earth minerals, the Levinson modifier, which is a standard in mineralogical nomenclature and allows for the more precise identification and classification of rare-earth minerals.

The type material for Levinsonite-(Y) is kept at the University of Michigan, and the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.

Organic mineral
An organic mineral is an organic compound in mineral form. An organic compound is any compound containing carbon, aside from some simple ones discovered before 1828. There are three classes of organic mineral: hydrocarbons (containing just hydrogen and carbon), salts of organic acids, and miscellaneous. Organic minerals are rare, and tend to have specialized settings such as fossilized cacti and bat guano. Mineralogists have used statistical models to predict that there are more undiscovered organic mineral species than known ones.
Pauric Mahony
Pauric Mahony (born 11 May 1992) is an Irish hurler who plays for Waterford Senior Championship club Ballygunner and was previously the captain of the Waterford senior hurling team before announcing his retirement from inter-county hurling in 2023.

2016 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
The 2016 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 116th staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897. The championship began in May 2016 and ended on 23 October 2016.

Ballygunner were the defending champions.

On 23 October 2016, Ballygunner won the championship after a 4–20 to 1–12 defeat of Passage in the final at Walsh Park. This was their 15th championship title overall and their third title in succession.
Pia Fidelis
Pia Fidelis, Latin feminine form for "pious and faithful", was the cognomen of several Roman legions, awarded by an emperor when the legion had proved "devoted and loyal". Some legions received this honour several times, and their name included the number of awards.  Awards were made from 42 AD (when it was awarded by Claudius to the VII and IX legions) until the end of the second century AD.  It was awarded in total to 10 legions and around 50 auxilia cohorts.

Legio I Adiutrix Pia Fidelis Bis ("twice loyal and faithful")

I Minervia Pia Fidelis Domitiana ("loyal and faithful to Domitian")

II Adiutrix

III Italica VII Pia VII Fidelis ("seven times faithful and loyal")

V Macedonica VII Pia VII Fidelis

VII Claudia VII Pia VII Fidelis ("seven times faithful and loyal")

X Gemina Pia Fidelis Domitiana ("faithful and loyal to Domitian")

XI Claudia Pia VI Fidelis VI ("six times faithful and loyal")

Legio XI Claudia
Legio XI Claudia ("Claudius' Eleventh Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. The legion was levied by Julius Caesar for his campaign against the Nervii. XI Claudia dates back to the two legions (the other was the XIIth) recruited by Julius Caesar to invade Gallia in 58 BC, and it existed at least until the early 5th century, guarding lower Danube in Durostorum (modern Silistra, Bulgaria).
Ramón Barquín
Ramón M. Barquín (12 May 1914 – 3 March 2008) was a Cuban military colonel and opponent of former President Fulgencio Batista. Barquín was jailed by the Batista government for leading a failed coup attempt in 1956. He later fled Cuba in 1960 following the 1959 takeover by Fidel Castro.

Military academy
A military academy or service academy is an educational institution which prepares candidates for service in the officer corps. It normally provides education in a military environment, the exact definition depending on the country concerned.

Three types of academy exist: pre-collegiate-level institutions awarding academic qualifications, university-level institutions awarding bachelor's-degree-level qualifications, and those preparing officer cadets for commissioning into the armed services of the state.

A naval academy is either a type of military academy (in the broad sense of that term) or is distinguished from one (in the narrow sense). In U.S. usage, the Military, Merchant Marine, Naval, Coast Guard, and the Air Force Academy serve as military academies under the categorization of service academies in that country.
N. G. Parthiban
N. G. Parthiban is a politician from Tamil Nadu, India. He was elected from the Sholinghur constituency to the Fifteenth Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly as a member of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam political party in the 2016 Tamil Nadu legislative assembly elections.

He was one of the 18 members who were disqualified by Speaker P. Dhanapal as they withdrew support to Chief Minister Edappadi K. Palaniswami and became loyal to rebel leader T.T.V. Dhinakaran and joined his party Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam. His father C. Gopal Mudaliyar was ex MLA of Sholinghur constituency.

He was born in Sengunthar Kaikola Mudaliyar(Echaan Gothram) community.

His father C. Gopal Mudaliyar was ex MLA of Sholinghur constituency.

15th Tamil Nadu Assembly
The Fifteenth Assembly of Tamil Nadu succeeded the Fourteenth Assembly of Tamil Nadu and was constituted after the victory of All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) and allies in the 2016 state assembly election held on 16 May. J. Jayalalitha assumed office as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for the fourth time.
Hoe Valley School
Hoe Valley School is a new co-educational, comprehensive, secondary school in Woking, England. The school was established in 2014, and opened to 4 forms of year 7 students for the first time in September 2015. The school was established by local parents, education leaders and business people under the Free Schools programme primarily to serve the south Woking and surrounding area where students have not had access to places at other local schools.

Free school (England)
A free school in England is a type of academy established since 2010 under the Cameron–Clegg government's free school policy initiative. From May 2015, usage of the term was formally extended to include new academies set up via a local authority competition. Like other academies, free schools are non-profit-making, state-funded schools which are free to attend but which are mostly independent of the local authority.
Tumbotino
Tumbotino (Russian: Ту́мботино) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Pavlovsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Population:  7,300 (2010 Census); 7,676 (2002 Census); 8,000 (1989 Soviet census).

Pavlovsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Pavlovsky District (Russian: Па́вловский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Pavlovsky Municipal District. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,098.5 square kilometers (424.1 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Pavlovo. Population: 100,960 (2010 Census);  43,426 (2002 Census); 47,875 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Pavlovo accounts for 60.1% of the district's total population.
Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1982
Switzerland was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1982 with the song "Amour on t'aime", composed by Alain Morisod, with lyrics by Pierre Alain, and performed by Arlette Zola. The Swiss participating broadcaster, the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (SRG SSR), selected its entry for the contest through a national final.

Télévision Suisse Romande
Télévision Suisse Romande (French pronunciation: [televizjɔ̃ sɥis ʁɔmɑ̃d], "Swiss Television Romandy") was the French-language division of SRG SSR, in charge of production and distribution of television programmes in Switzerland for French-speaking Switzerland.

TSR operated two main French-language channels: TSR 1 and TSR 2, which became RTS Un and RTS Deux respectively after 2012, and provided content for TV5Monde. Radio Suisse Romande and Télévision Suisse Romande merged on 1 January 2010 to create Radio Télévision Suisse.
Thomas Weld (of Lulworth)
Thomas Bartholomew Weld (1750–1810), known as Thomas Weld of Lulworth Castle, was a member of the English Catholic gentry, landowner, philanthropist and bibliophile. He was connected to many of the leading Catholic families of the land, such as the Bodenhams, Cliffords, Erringtons, Petres and Stourtons.

Weld was a benefactor of the Society of Jesus in England in their educational and pastoral endeavours, as timely donor of his Stonyhurst estate in 1794. He was also a benefactor to other Roman Catholic religious and clergy. He was a personal friend of King George III. His sister-in-law was Maria Fitzherbert. After the French Revolution he hosted refugee remnants of the French royal family at his castle. He was the builder, in 1786, of the first Roman Catholic place of worship in England after the Protestant Reformation.

Lulworth Estate
The Lulworth Estate is a 12,000-acre (4,900 ha) country estate located in central south Dorset, England. Its most notable landscape feature is a five-mile stretch of coastline on the Jurassic Coast, a World Heritage Site, including Durdle Door and Lulworth Cove. It is owned by the Weld family.

The historic estate includes the Lulworth Castle and park. The landscaped gardens are Grade II listed in the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. The castle was residence to the Weld family until 1929 when it was ravaged by fire.

Lulworth was once part of a grander estate under Thomas Howard, 3rd Viscount Howard of Bindon.
Khanpur, Chakwal
Khanpur (Punjabi, Urdu: خانپور) is a village in Chakwal Tehsil, Chakwal District, Punjab, Pakistan. It lies about 42 kilometers from the M2 motorway, and about 23 kilometers from the district capital, Chakwal. It falls along the Sohawa-Chakwal Road and connects Choa Road with Sohawa-Chakwal Road through Dhok Talian Link Road. Khanpur is the birthplace of Sufi saint Baba Shah Murad, whose shrine is located in the nearby Takya Sah Murad village. Khanpur is a commercial centre of over 150 nearby villages. Sufi saint Muhammad Azam Naqibi (Civil Judge) who also buried in Khanpur graveyard.

Well known Personalities:

Asif Hussain Awan (born 23 May 1972 in Khanpur) is a Pakistani educationist currently serving as a Principal in BPS-19. He has been actively involved in the academic sector and holds a reputable position in the local education community.

He is the son of Ashiq Hussain Awan, a well-known mathematics teacher, who has died.

Sohawa–Chakwal Road
Sohawa–Chakwal Road  (Punjabi, Urdu: سوہاوہ چکوال سڑک) is a provincially maintained highway in Punjab, Pakistan,  that extends from Sohawa to Chakwal. The route is generally rural, passing through Chakwal, Jhelum and Rawalpindi districts of Punjab. The route is 70 kilometres (43 mi) long with a speed limit of 60 km/h (37 mph), except within towns, where the speed limit is reduced to 40 km/h (25 mph). The eastern terminus ends in Sohawa at the N-5 National Highway (Chakwal Chowk) while the western terminus ends at Tehsil Chowk in Chakwal with Talagang-Chakwal Road, Mandra Chakwal Road and Chakwal-Jhelum Road. Reconstruction of the road began on 6 September 2012 to convert the road to a dual carriageway. Construction was scheduled for completion in 2014, but has been on hold as of April 2015.
8-inch Howitzer
An 8-inch howitzer is a howitzer with an 8-inch bore. Examples include:

BL 8-inch howitzer Mk I–V - British design of WWI

BL 8-inch howitzer Mk VI – VIII - British design of later World War I, used in World War II

M115 howitzer - US design

M115 howitzer
The M115 203 mm howitzer, also known as the M115 8-inch howitzer, and originally the M1 8-inch howitzer was a towed heavy howitzer developed by the United States Army and used during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War.  Post-WWII it was also adopted by a number of other nations in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia.
I pazzi per progetto
I pazzi per progetto (Madmen by Design) is a farsa in one act by Gaetano Donizetti to a libretto by Domenico Gilardoni. The first performance took place at the Teatro di San Carlo on 6 February 1830 and was followed by its second presentation on 7 February at the Teatro del Fondo.

At the 1830 performance in Naples, some great singers of the time such as Boccabadati and Luigi Lablache performed it in a charity event, but despite the exceptional cast, the audience was really very meager. The work, carried by two women surrounded by five heavy voices, was divided into seven numbers linked by dry ("secco") or accompanied recitatives. It revealed the purest farcical style of the composer, containing the characters and forms typical of that style.

It was performed a few more times in Naples and Palermo up until 1845, and then forgotten until 1977.

Stanley Sadie
Stanley John Sadie CBE (/ˈseɪdi/; 30 October 1930 – 21 March 2005) was a British musicologist, music critic, and editor. He was editor of the sixth edition of the Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (1980), which was published as the first edition of The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Along with Thurston Dart, Nigel Fortune and Oliver Neighbour he was one of Britain's leading musicologists of the post-World War II generation.
Puerto Píritu
Puerto Píritu is a Venezuelan city located in the north-central coast of Anzoátegui State, with a population more than 11,000. It is the capital of the Fernando de Peñalver Municipality, and located 46 km from the centre of Barcelona, the capital of the State.  By road it is approximately 25 minutes from the city of Barcelona and 45 minutes from Uchire Boca.

Barcelona, Venezuela
Barcelona, originally called Nueva Barcelona, is the capital of Anzoátegui State in Venezuela. Together with Puerto La Cruz, Lechería and Guanta, Barcelona forms Barcelona-Puerto La Cruz with a population of approximately 950,000. It was founded in 1671.
Tagesschau (German TV programme)
Tagesschau (pronounced [ˈtaːɡəsˌʃaʊ̯] ⓘ, lit. 'Review of the Day') is a German national and international television news service produced by the editorial staff of ARD-aktuell on behalf of the German public-service television network ARD.

The main edition of the programme is aired at 20:00 (08:00 pm) on Das Erste. It is also simulcast on several ARD-affiliated networks, including NDR Fernsehen, RBB Fernsehen, SWR Fernsehen, WDR Fernsehen, hr-fernsehen, 3sat, Phoenix, and ARD-alpha. It also broadcasts for most of the day on Tagesschau24. Recorded Tagesschau newscasts can also be seen via YouTube internationally. The programme provides a website, tagesschau.de, managed by ARD.

Tagesschau24
Tagesschau24 ([ˈtaːɡəs.ʃaʊ̯ fiːɐ̯ ʊn ˈt͡sʋansɪç], "Review of the Day 24," stylized as tagesschau24) is a German free-to-air television channel owned by ARD and managed by Norddeutscher Rundfunk. Launched on 30th August 1997 as "EinsExtra", the channel was renamed Tagesschau 24 on 1st  May 2012.

It is ARD's news channel and competes with Welt and n-tv. Besides news, Tagesschau24 also broadcasts culture, sports and science shows. A HD simulcast of the channel was launched on 5 December 2013.
A Dream Too Late
A Dream Too Late was an alternative rock band from Albany, Oregon, United States. The group was signed to Tooth & Nail Records.

They released their debut album, Intermission to the Moon on November 6, 2007. In 2007 they also toured with Falling Up, Run Kid Run, The Send, and Ruth. Reviewers compared the group's sound to Falling Up and Shiny Toy Guns.

In 2008 they were let go by Tooth & Nail Records. The band recently on their MySpace that they have broken up and that previous members have created a new band called "Philadelphia". The Philadelphia project was active up until February 2011 releasing only one song.

Run Kid Run
Run Kid Run is a Christian pop/rock band from Carmi, Illinois, and Morganfield, Kentucky, formed in 2006. Their debut album This Is Who We Are, was released on May 18, 2006 through Tooth & Nail Records. All of the members, except Paul Stewart, were originally from punk rock band Side Walk Slam on Tooth & Nail Records. The video for the song "We've Only Just Begun" was featured on the American Eagle music video store soundtrack after its release. The band's second album titled Love at the Core was released on April 29, 2008. Both albums were produced by James Paul Wisner.
The song "Freedom" become a hit song on the Christian radio station Air 1. Their recent work in the studio with Mark Lee Townsend and Matt Thiessen brought forth Patterns, released November 15, 2011.
Airėnai II
Airėnai II is a village located in the Vilnius District Municipality. It is part of the Neris Regional Park. According to the census of 2011, the village has a population of 110, a decrease from 257 in 1959. Airėnai I village is located nearby.

Vilnius District Municipality
Vilnius District Municipality (Lithuanian: Vilniaus rajono savivaldybė) is one of the 60 municipalities in Lithuania. It surrounds the capital city of Vilnius on three sides. The municipality is also bordered by Trakai district and Elektrėnai municipality in the west, Astravyets and Ashmyany districts of Belarus in the east, Širvintos, Molėtai and Švenčionys districts in the north and Šalčininkai district in the south.

The population of the district is one of the fastest growing in Lithuania because of the migration of Vilnius' inhabitants to the suburbs. It stood at 116,584 in January 2024, up from 84 thousand in the early 1990s, meaning an increase by more than a third in less than 30 years.
Daniel Rose (real estate developer)
Daniel Rose (born 1929) is an American real estate developer, philanthropist, and essayist.

Rose developed the Pentagon City complex adjacent to Reagan Washington National Airport, the One Financial Center and Keystone Building office towers that anchored the redevelopment of Downtown Boston, and conceived and reinvented a New York City real estate apartment complex into Manhattan Plaza for the Performing Arts.

A philanthropist, he founded the  inner-city youth education program, the Harlem Educational Activities Fund, he also established  academic and professional educational programs, and served in several government administrations in unpaid advisory roles. His award-winning essays and speeches have covered subjects as diverse as economics, inner city education, racial problems, social injustice, real estate, food and wine, and housing.

Henry Louis Gates Jr.
Henry Louis Gates Jr. (born September 16, 1950), popularly known by his childhood nickname "Skip", is an American literary critic, professor, historian, and filmmaker who serves as the Alphonse Fletcher University Professor and the director of the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at Harvard University. He is a trustee of the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. He rediscovered the earliest known African-American novels and has published extensively on the recognition of African-American literature as part of the Western canon.

In addition to producing and hosting previous series on the history and genealogy of prominent American figures, since 2012, Gates has been host of the television series Finding Your Roots on PBS. The series combines the work of expert researchers in genealogy, history, and historical research in genetics to tell guests about the lives and histories of their ancestors.
Kurt Ploeger
Kurt Ploeger (born December 1, 1962) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys, Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills and Minnesota Vikings. He played college football at Gustavus Adolphus College.

Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference
The Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (MIAC /ˈmaɪæk/ MY-ak) is an intercollegiate athletic conference that competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III. All 13 of the member schools are located in Minnesota and are private institutions, with only two being non-sectarian.
Bafokeng mine
The Bafokeng mine is a large open pit mine located in the north-eastern part of South Africa in Rustenburg, North West. Bafokeng represents one of the largest platinum reserves in South Africa having estimated reserves of 47.9 million oz of platinum. The mine produces around 171,000 oz of platinum/year.

Rustenburg
Rustenburg (/ˈrʌstənbɜːrɡ/; Afrikaans pronunciation: [ˈrœstənbœrχ], Afrikaans and Dutch: City of Rest) is a city at the foot of the Magaliesberg mountain range. Rustenburg is the most populous city in North West province, South Africa (549,575 in 2011 and 626,522 in the 2016 census). In 2017, the city's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) reached ZAR 63.8 billion, accounting for 21.1% of the GDP of the North West Province, and 1.28% of the GDP of South Africa.  Rustenburg was one of the official host cities of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, being in close proximity to Phokeng, the capital of the Royal Bafokeng Nation, where the Royal Bafokeng Stadium is located. The England national football team also used this as their base camp for the tournament.
Gyula III
Gyula III, also Iula or Gyula the Younger, Geula or Gyla, was an early medieval ruler in Transylvania (c. 980 – 1003/1004). Around 1003, he and his family were attacked, dispossessed and captured by King Stephen I of Hungary (1000/1001-1038). The name "Gyula" was also a title, the second highest rank in Hungarian tribal confederation.

According to Gyula Kristó, his actual name was probably Prokui. However, certain historians like István Bóna disagree with this identification.

Vlad Georgescu
Vlad Georgescu (October 20, 1937 – November 13, 1988) was a Romanian historian, academic, political dissident, and director of the Romanian-language department of Radio Free Europe between 1983 and 1988.