hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Amazon biome
The Amazon biome (Portuguese: Bioma Amazônia) contains the Amazon rainforest, an area of tropical rainforest, and other ecoregions that cover most of the Amazon basin and some adjacent areas to the north and east. The biome contains blackwater and whitewater flooded forest, lowland and montane terra firma forest, bamboo and palm forest, savanna, sandy heath and alpine tundra. Some areas of the biome are threatened by deforestation for timber and to make way for pasture or soybean plantations.

Rio Negro (Amazon)
The Rio Negro (Spanish: Río Negro [ˈri.o ˈneɣɾo] "Black River"), or Guainía as it is known in its upper part, is the largest left tributary of the Amazon River (accounting for about 14% of the water in the Amazon basin), the largest blackwater river in the world, and one of the world's ten largest rivers by average discharge. It originates in the tepuis of the department of Guainía, Colombia, and then flows southeastward before finally entering Brazil. Despite its high flow, the Rio Negro has a low sediment load (5.76 million tonnes per year on average in Manaus).
Pachaljharana Rural Municipality
Pachaljharana (Nepali: पचालझरना गाउँपालिका) is a rural municipality located in Kalikot District of Karnali Province of Nepal.

According to Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration Pachaljharana rural municipality has an area of 166.92 square kilometres (64.45 sq mi) and the total population of the  rural municipality is 12,343 as of 2011 Nepal census.

Nanikot, Ramnakot and some parts of Badalkot which previously were all separate Village development committees merged to form this new local level body. Fulfilling the requirement of the new Constitution of Nepal 2015, Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration replaced all old VDCs and Municipalities into 753 new local level bodies.

The rural municipality is divided into total 9 wards and the headquarters of this newly formed rural municipality is situated at Ramnakot.

Badalkot
Badalkot  is a village development committee in Kalikot District in the Karnali Zone of north-western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2031 people living in 377 individual households.
Edward Stinson Brown, Jr.
Edward Stinson Brown, Jr.
(March 9, 1920 – June 6, 2005) was an American World War II Army veteran and a civilian atomic weapons maintenance specialist at Sandia Base. He was a paraplegic for 62 years, following injuries by ordnance fragments (shrapnel) at age 23 in the Main Attack of the Battle of Monte Cassino.
At Sandia Base, from his wheelchair, he trained groups of officers how to maintain atomic bombs using manuals that he co-authored.
He married after his injuries, a union that lasted 61 years. He and his wife adopted two boys. He volunteered extensive community service, and was a lay leader in the First Presbyterian Church of Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Sandia Base
Sandia Base was the principal nuclear weapons installation of the United States Department of Defense from 1946 to 1971. It was located on the southeastern edge of Albuquerque, New Mexico.  For 25 years, the top-secret Sandia Base and its subsidiary installation, Manzano Base, carried on the atomic weapons research, development, design, testing, and training commenced by the Manhattan Project during World War II. Fabrication, assembly, and storage of nuclear weapons was also done at Sandia Base. The base played a key role in the United States nuclear deterrence capability during the Cold War. In 1971 it was merged into Kirtland Air Force Base.
Beam projector
A beam projector is a lensless stage lighting instrument with very little beam spread.  It uses two reflectors.  The primary reflector is a parabolic reflector and the secondary reflector is a spherical reflector.  The parabolic reflector organizes the light into nearly parallel beams, and the spherical reflector is placed in front of the lamp to reflect light from the lamp back to the parabolic reflector, which reduces spill.  The result is an intense shaft of light that cannot be easily controlled or modified.  Beam projectors are often used to create a godspot effect.  The beam projector no longer is used to the extent that it once was, as newer fixtures and PAR lamps have created easier ways to produce the effect. A similar effect can be produced using ETC Source Four PAR fixtures with a clear lens.  A snoot/top hat can be added to control spill.

Stage lighting instrument
Stage lighting instruments (lanterns, or luminaires in Europe)  are used in stage lighting to illuminate theatrical productions, concerts, and other performances taking place in live performance venues. They are also used to light television studios and sound stages.

Many stagecraft terms vary between the United States and the United Kingdom. In the United States, lighting fixtures are often called "instruments" or "units". In the UK, they are called "lanterns" or "luminaires". This article mainly uses terms common to the United States.
Lamune
Lamune (ラムネ, Ramune) is a Japanese adult visual novel developed by Neko Neko Soft. Originally released on July 30, 2004, for the PC. It was followed by an all-ages version for the PlayStation 2, and was released on August 25, 2005. A twelve-episode anime series based on the visual novel, entitled Lamune: Garasu Bin ni Utsuru Umi (ラムネ 〜ガラスびんに映る海〜; lit. Lamune: Sea Reflected in the Glass Bottle), was produced by Trinet Entertainment and Picture Magic and aired between October 11, 2005, and December 27, 2005. Light novels, drama CDs, and one volume of a manga adaption have also been produced.

Ryōko Shintani
Ryōko Shintani (新谷良子, Shintani Ryōko; born March 31, 1981) is a Japanese voice actress and singer from Kanazawa, Ishikawa. She is under the Lantis and Vi-vo Recording Label and famous as the voice of Milfeulle Sakuraba in the Galaxy Angel Series. She also sang along with Yukari Tamura, Miyuki Sawashiro, Mayumi Yamaguchi and Mika Kanai as the group Angel-Tai.
Govind Ram Meghwal
Govind Ram Meghwal (born 20 January 1962) is an Indian politician from Indian National Congress. He is Former Cabinet Minister for Disaster Management & Relief, Administrative Reforms and Coordination, Statistic Policy Planning Department in Government of Rajasthan and Former Member of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly from Khajuwala. He got elected as an MLA from Nokha, Bikaner first in 2003 and then again in 2018 from Khajuwala. He has also served as the Parliamentary secretary, State Minister Government of Rajasthan from 2003 to 2008. He was made the Vice President of Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee in January 2021.

Government of Rajasthan
The Government of Rajasthan is the supreme governing authority of the Indian state of Rajasthan and its 41 districts. It consists of an executive branch, led by the governor of Rajasthan, as well as judiciary and legislative branches. Jaipur is the capital of Rajasthan, and houses the Vidhan Sabha (legislative assembly) and the secretariat. There are various programs announced by the Government of Rajasthan.
Gandhi as a Political Strategist
Gandhi as a Political Strategist is a book about the political strategies used by Mahatma Gandhi, and their ongoing implications and applicability outside of their original Indian context. Written by Gene Sharp, the book was originally published in the United States in 1979. An Indian edition was published in 1999. The book has been reviewed in several professional journals.

Geoffrey Ostergaard
Geoffrey Nielsen Ostergaard (25 July 1926 – 22 March 1990) was a British political scientist best known for his work on the connections between Gandhism and anarchism, on the British co-operative movement, and on syndicalism and workers' control. His books included The Gentle Anarchists: A Study of the Sarvodaya Movement for Non-Violent Revolution in India (1971), coauthored with Melville Currell, and Nonviolent Revolution in India (1985), both dealing with the Sarvodaya movement. He spent the majority of his academic career at the University of Birmingham.
Deaf Smith Electric Cooperative
Deaf Smith Electric Cooperative, Inc. is a non-profit rural electric utility cooperative headquartered in Hereford, Texas. The cooperative was organized in 1936 and is a member of the Golden Spread Electric Cooperative. The cooperative is named for the county where it was founded, which is in turn named for Erastus "Deaf" Smith, a partially deaf scout and soldier who served in the Texas Revolution.

Deaf Smith Electric Cooperative serves the Texas counties of Deaf Smith, Castro and Parmer as well as part of Oldham County. The cooperative annually awards two $2000 scholarships to high school seniors in Texas.

Parmer County, Texas
Parmer County is a county located in the southwestern Texas Panhandle on the High Plains of the Llano Estacado in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 9,869. The county seat is Farwell. The county was created in 1876 and later organized in 1907. It is named in honor of Martin Parmer, a signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence and early judge. Parmer County was one of 10 prohibition, or entirely dry, counties in the state of Texas, but is now a wet county.
2024 ARCA Menards Series West
The 2024 ARCA Menards Series West was the 71st season of the ARCA Menards Series West, a regional stock car racing series sanctioned by NASCAR in the United States. The season began on March 8 at Phoenix Raceway with the General Tire 150 and ended with the Desert Diamond Casino West Valley 100, also at Phoenix Raceway, on November 8.

Sean Hingorani entered the season as the defending ARCA West champion. At the conclusion of the season finale at Phoenix, Hingorani of Venturini Motorsports became the back to back ARCA West champion.

Robbie Kennealy
Robbie Kennealy (born March 3, 2006) is an American professional stock car racing driver who currently competes full-time in the ARCA Menards Series West, driving the No. 1 Ford for Jan's Towing Racing with Kennealy Keller Motorsports.
Intermediate whiting
The Intermediate whiting (Sillago intermedia), is a species of coastal marine fish of the smelt-whiting family Sillaginidae. The intermediate whiting ranges from the west coast of India to the Gulf of Thailand in the east, inhabiting silty substrates in shallow waters. First identified in 1977 from a specimen found in a fish market, the species has had little research performed on its biology, and is frequently misidentified as Sillago sihama or Sillago maculata intermediate whiting are commonly caught by fishermen throughout their range and are marketed fresh locally.

Northern whiting
The northern whiting (Sillago sihama), also known as the silver whiting and sand smelt, is a marine fish, the most widespread and abundant member of the smelt-whiting family Sillaginidae. The northern whiting was the first species of sillaginid scientifically described and is therefore the type species of both the family Sillaginidae and the genus Sillago. The species is distributed in the Indo-Pacific region from South Africa in the west to Japan and Indonesia in the east. The northern whiting inhabits coastal areas to 60 m, but is most often found in shallow water around bays and estuaries, often entering freshwater. It is a carnivore, taking a variety of polychaetes and crustaceans. The species is of major economic importance throughout the Indo-Pacific. It is most frequently taken by seine nets and cast nets and marketed fresh.
Water Polo and Swimming Federation of Montenegro
The Water Polo and Swimming Federation of Montenegro (VPSCG) (Montenegrin:Vaterpolo i plivački savez Crne Gore) is the governing body of water polo and swimming in Montenegro. The federation was formed on 22 April 1949 in Herceg Novi. Its first president was Milan Vukasović. It is an independent sports organization, member of the LEN (the European Swimming League), FINA (International Swimming Federation) from 21 August 2006, Montenegrin Olympic Committee. It also organizes the Montenegrin Water Polo Cup as well as the Montenegrin national water polo team.

It is based in Kotor and its current president is Dejan Bajić. Meridianbet is general sponsor of Federation.

European Aquatics
European Aquatics (formerly French: Ligue Européenne de Natation, English: European Swimming League, popularly known by its acronym LEN) is the European governing body for aquatic sports affiliated to World Aquatics — it is the Continental Association for Europe. It was formally organized in 1927 in Bologna, and since 2015 is headquartered in Nyon.

European Aquatics comprises 52 national swimming federations in Europe, and includes Israel which for Olympic-sport purposes is grouped with Europe. European Aquatics is overseen by an elected Bureau (board) composed of Members representing 17 different Federations. European Aquatics oversees aquatic sports in Europe: diving, swimming, open water swimming, synchronized swimming and water polo.
Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir
Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir (born possibly around 980–1019) was an Icelandic explorer, born at Laugarbrekka in Snæfellsnes, Iceland.

She appears in the Saga of Erik the Red and the Saga of the Greenlanders, known collectively as the Vinland sagas. She and her husband Thorfinn Karlsefni led an expedition to Vinland where their son Snorri Thorfinnsson was born, the first known European birth in the Americas (outside of Greenland).

In Iceland, Gudrid is known by her byname víðförla (lit. wide-fared or far-travelled).

Brattahlíð
Brattahlíð (Old Norse pronunciation: [ˈbrɑttɑˌhliːð]), often anglicised as Brattahlid, was Erik the Red's estate in the Eastern Settlement Viking colony he established in south-western Greenland toward the end of the 10th century. The present settlement of Qassiarsuk is now located on the former estate. The site is about 96 km (60 mi) from the ocean, at the head of the Tunulliarfik Fjord, and hence sheltered from ocean storms.

Erik and his descendants lived there until about the mid-15th century. The name Brattahlíð means "the steep slope". The estate, along with other archeological sites in southwestern Greenland, was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2017 as  Kujataa Greenland: Norse and Inuit Farming at the Edge of the Ice Cap.
Roonghan
Roonghan is located northwest of Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. It is home to the Balochi-speaking Leghari tribe. The area is characterised by its mountainous terrain, with Yek Bhai as its most prominent peak. Roonghan includes essential facilities, such as a government hospital and a boys' high school in Manhi.

Dera Ghazi Khan
Dera Ghazi Khan, abbreviated as D. G. Khan, is a city in the southwestern part of Punjab, Pakistan. It is the 16th most-populous city in Punjab and the 23rd in Pakistan, as of 2023. Lying west of the Indus River in the region of Derajat, it serves as the headquarters of its eponymous district and division.
Al-Hasan ibn Makhlad al-Jarrah
Al-Hasan ibn Makhlad ibn al-Jarrah (Arabic: الحسن بن مخلد بن الجراح) was a senior official of the Abbasid Caliphate. Born a Nestorian Christian, he converted to Islam late in life, and served as secretary under Caliph al-Mutawakkil (r. 847–861). Under Caliph al-Mu'tamid (r. 870–892) he occupied twice the highest civil administrative office, that of vizier, first in 877 and again in 878/9. He was dismissed by the powerful regent, the Caliph's brother al-Muwaffaq, and exiled to Egypt and then Antioch, where he probably died in 882.

His son Sulayman also served thrice as vizier of the Caliphate.

Vizier (Abbasid Caliphate)
The vizier (Arabic: وزير, romanized: wazīr) was the senior minister of the Abbasid Caliphate, and set a model that was widely emulated in the Muslim world. Many viziers came to enjoy considerable power, even at times eclipsing the Abbasid caliphs and using them as puppets. The majority of the viziers were of non-Arab origin, and several were also notable patrons of poets and scholars, sponsoring the Translation Movement as well as religious works.
Karu Jayasuriya
Sri Lankabhimanya Karu Jayasuriya (Sinhala: කරු ජයසුරිය, Tamil: கரு ஜயசூரிய; born 29 September 1940) is a Sri Lankan politician. He was the Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka. Previously he was Mayor of Colombo from 1997 to 1999, Minister of Power and Energy from 2001 to 2004, Minister of Public Administration and Home Affairs from 2007 to 2008, and Minister of Buddha Sasana, Public Administration, and Democratic Governance in 2015. He has served as Chairman of the Leadership Council of the United National Party (UNP), as well as Deputy Leader of the UNP. He is a member of parliament representing the Gampaha District since 2001. He had served as Sri Lanka's Ambassador to (Germany). As Speaker of Parliament, he also acts as Chairman of the Constitutional Council.

Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka
The Speaker of the Parliament of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is the presiding officer of the chamber. The Speaker fulfills a number of important functions in relation to the operation of the House, which is based upon the British Westminster parliamentary system. The speaker is second in the Sri Lankan presidential line of succession, after the prime minister.
Slovak diaspora
The Slovak diaspora refers to both historical and present emigration from Slovakia, as well as from the former Czechoslovakia.  The country with the largest number of Slovaks living abroad is the United States.

Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun County
Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun is the name of an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in central Hungary, comprising roughly the territory of the present Hungarian county Pest and the northern part of present Bács-Kiskun county. The capital of the county was Budapest.
NGC 7331
NGC 7331, also known as Caldwell 30, is an unbarred spiral galaxy about 13.427 megaparsecs (43.79 million light-years) away in the constellation Pegasus.  It was discovered by William Herschel on 6 September 1784.

The galaxy appears similar almost in size and structure to the Milky Way, and is sometimes referred to as "the Milky Way's twin". However, discoveries in the 2000s regarding the structure of the Milky Way may call this similarity into doubt, particularly because the latter is now believed to be a barred spiral, compared to the unbarred status of NGC 7331. In spiral galaxies the central bulge typically co-rotates with the disk but the bulge in the galaxy NGC 7331 is rotating in the opposite direction to the rest of the disk. In both visible light and infrared photos of the NGC 7331, the core of the galaxy appears to be slightly off-center, with one side of the disk appearing to extend further away from the core than the opposite side.

Unbarred spiral galaxy
An unbarred spiral galaxy is a type of spiral galaxy without a central bar, or one that is not a barred spiral galaxy.  It is designated with an SA in the galaxy morphological classification scheme. A nearby example of an unbarred spiral is the Triangulum Galaxy.

Unbarred spiral galaxies are one of three general types of spiral galaxies under the de Vaucouleurs classification system, the other two being intermediate spiral galaxy and barred spiral galaxy. Under the Hubble tuning fork, it is one of two general types of spiral galaxy, the other being barred spirals.
Bekim Berisha
Bekim Berisha (Croatian: Bekim Beriša; 15 June 1966 – 10 August 1998) was a Kosovo Albanian soldier who gained prominence in the Yugoslav Wars. He served in the Croatian Army during the Croatian War of Independence. He subsequently fought in the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and later also in the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), where he was named a general. He was killed in 1998, during the Battle of Junik, and was posthumously promoted to Brigadier General.

Kosovo Albanians
The Albanians of Kosovo (Albanian: Shqiptarët e Kosovës, pronounced [ʃcipˈtaɾət ɛ kɔˈsɔvəs]), commonly also called Kosovo Albanians, Kosovan Albanians or Kosovar Albanians,  are an ethnic Albanian population native to Kosovo and constitute the country's largest ethnic group. They belong to the Gheg dialectical sub-group of Albanians, because they speak Gheg Albanian. According to the 2024 national census by the ASK, Albanians comprise 91.8% of the population in Kosovo.
HD 73389
HD 73389 is a binary star system in the constellation Carina. It has the Bayer designation e2 Carinae; HD 73389 is the identifier from the Henry Draper Catalogue. This system is visible to the naked eye as a point of light with a combined apparent visual magnitude of +4.84. Based on parallax measurements, it is located at a distance of approximately 225 light years from the Sun. The system is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +25.6 km/s.

The visual magnitude 5.08 primary, component A, is an aging K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K0III. With the supply of hydrogen at its core exhausted, it has cooled and expanded to 11 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 64 times the luminosity of the Sun from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,903 K. The secondary companion, component B, has a visual magnitude of 8.02 and is located at an angular separation of 0.30″ along a position angle of 207° from the primary, as of 2015.

Bayer designation
A Bayer designation is a stellar designation in which a specific star is identified by a Greek or Latin letter followed by the genitive form of its parent constellation's Latin name. The original list of Bayer designations contained 1564 stars. The brighter stars were assigned their first systematic names by the German astronomer Johann Bayer in 1603, in his star atlas Uranometria. Bayer catalogued only a few stars too far south to be seen from Germany, but later astronomers (including Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille and Benjamin Apthorp Gould) supplemented Bayer's catalog with entries for southern constellations.
Historic District B
Historic District B is a national historic district located at Boonville, Cooper County, Missouri.  It encompasses 23 contributing buildings in a predominantly residential section of Boonville.  The district includes representative examples of Late Victorian style architecture.  Notable buildings include the Dukes Residence (1900-1910), Windsor Residence (c. 1910), Hofstedler Residence (1920-1925), Short Residence (1908), Hain Residence (1836-1840), Hickam Estate Property (1840s), Christ Church Episcopal (1844-1846), and Christ Church Episcopal (1870, 1908).: 7–10

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Boonville, Missouri
Boonville is a city and the county seat of Cooper County, Missouri, United States. The population was 7,964 at the 2020 census. The city was the site of a skirmish early in the Civil War, on July 17, 1861. Union forces defeated the Missouri State Guard in the first Battle of Boonville. It is part of the Columbia, Missouri metropolitan area.
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. v. Dabit
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. v. Dabit, 547 U.S. 71 (2006), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States involving the extent to which state law securities fraud class action claims were preempted by the Securities Litigation Uniform Standards Act of 1998 (SLUSA).  The Court unanimously ruled that SLUSA barred state law "holder" claims, which are based on losses caused when a shareholder retains stock due to fraud instead of selling it, even though federal securities laws only provided a private cause of action to those suffering losses caused by the purchase or sale of stock.  The Court's decision resolved a split among the circuits and closed a significant loophole in the coverage of SLUSA, which it based on the broad language used in the Act and the policies behind it.

Federal preemption
In the law of the United States, federal preemption is the invalidation of a U.S. state law that conflicts with federal law.  The rules of preemption seek to restrict it to only where it is explicit or necessary. In the course of adjudicating cases, the issue of preemption may be heard in either state or federal court.