hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Håvard Alstadheim
Håvard Alstadheim (24 May 1936 – 7 September 1998) was a Norwegian economist and politician for the Liberal Party.

He was born in Stjørdal Municipality, and took the cand.oecon. degree. He was appointed as a docent in economics at the University of Trondheim in 1975, and was promoted to professor. He retired in 1993 to become director of agriculture in Sør-Trøndelag County Municipality.

He was a State Secretary in the Ministry of Finance from 1972 to 1973, during Korvald's Cabinet. He was the mayor of Stjørdal from 1980 to 1985, then deputy mayor from 1986 to 1987 before serving as deputy county mayor of Nord-Trøndelag from 1988 to 1991. He chaired his party from 1990 to 1992, after having been deputy leader from 1986 to 1990. He was a candidate for the Parliament of Norway numerous times without being elected; in 1965 (fifth candidate in Oslo), 1977 (seventh candidate, Nord-Trøndelag) and 1985 (third candidate, Nord-Trøndelag).

State Secretary (Norway)
In Norway, a state secretary (Norwegian: statssekretær) is a partisan political position within the executive branch of government. Contrary to the position secretary of state in many other countries, a Norwegian state secretary does not head the ministry, rather, they are second in rank to a minister. Resembling a de facto vice minister, the state secretary, however, cannot attend a Council of State, and does not act as a temporary minister in case of illness or other leave of absence.
Caritas Finland
Caritas Finland in English and Swedish or Suomen Caritas in Finnish is a Catholic aid organisation from Finland. It is part of the European network of Caritas organisations Caritas Europa, as well of the global Caritas Internationalis confederation.

Caritas Europa
Caritas Europa is a European confederation of Catholic social service providers and international development and humanitarian relief organisations operating in Europe. It is one of the seven regions of Caritas Internationalis.

Caritas Europa refers to both the European network with its 49 member organisations, and its secretariat based in Brussels, Belgium.
Krasnokamensk, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Krasnokamensk (Russian: Краснока́менск) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Kuraginsky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. Population:  4,667 (2010 Census); 4,848 (2002 Census); 5,325 (1989 Soviet census).

Kuraginsky District
Kuraginsky District (Russian: Кура́гинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-three in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the krai and borders with Balakhtinsky, Mansky, Partizansky, and Sayansky Districts in the north, Nizhneudinsky District of Irkutsk Oblast in the northeast, Todzhinsky District of the Tuva Republic in the southeast, Karatuzsky District in the south, Minusinsky District in the southwest, Krasnoturansky District in the west, and with Idrinsky Districts in the northwest. The area of the district is 24,073 square kilometers (9,295 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Kuragino. Population: 47,690 (2010 Census); 51,873 (2002 Census); 54,337 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kuragino accounts for 28.8% of the district's total population.
2022–23 Liga IV
The 2022–23 Liga IV was the 81st season of Liga IV and the 55th since the 1968 administrative and territorial reorganization of the country, representing the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system. The champions of each county association played against one from a neighbouring county in a play-off for promotion to Liga III.

The counties were divided into seven regions, each consisting of six counties and the draw was made on 2 February 2023.

AFC Câmpulung Muscel
Asociația Fotbal Club Câmpulung Muscel 2022, also known as AFC Câmpulung Muscel, or just Câmpulung Muscel, is a Romanian professional football club based in Câmpulung, Argeș County, which competes in Liga II, the second tier of the Romanian football.

Founded in 1978 as CS Rucăr, the club moved to Câmpulung in 2022 and changed its name to Muscelul Câmpulung Elite following promotion from the 2021–22 season. Subsequently renamed AFC Câmpulung Muscel, the team earned promotion to Liga II for the first time in its history at the end of the 2023–24 season.
Tony Ryan
Thomas Anthony Ryan (2 February 1936 – 3 October 2007) was an Irish billionaire businessman and philanthropist who co-founded Ryanair in 1984 along with cofounders Christy Ryan and Liam Lonergan (owner of Irish travel agent Club Travel), 9 years after founding Guinness Peat Aviation an international aircraft leasing industry. Through Guinness Peat Aviation and Ryanair, he amassed two fortunes by identifying gaps in the market. Ryanair was believed to be the main source of his wealth in later life: the company became one of the biggest airlines in Europe and was worth approximately $13 billion at the time of his death.

University of Galway
The University of Galway (Irish: Ollscoil na Gaillimhe) is a public research university located in the city of Galway, Ireland. The university was founded in 1845 as Queen's College, Galway. It was known as "University College, Galway" (UCG) (Irish: Coláiste na hOllscoile, Gaillimh) from 1908 to 1997 and as "National University of Ireland Galway" (NUI Galway) (Irish: Ollscoil na hÉireann Gaillimh; OÉ Gaillimh) from 1997 to 2022. In September 2022, it changed its name to "Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway". It is also a member of the Coimbra Group, a network of 42 long-established European universities.
Razer Switchblade
The Razer Switchblade was a concept design of a portable gaming device developed by Razer. It was first unveiled on January 5, 2011 at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES). The Switchblade won The Best of CES 2011 People's Voice award.

The Switchblade's main goal was to provide gamers with the functionality of a Windows computer, combined with the portability of a handheld device. It featured a multitouch LCD screen and an adaptive keyboard that changed keys depending on the game being played.

After the criticism and bugs on the Switchblade, Razer stopped updating the device and moved the Switchblade team over to the Razer Blade, which was then announced at PAX 2011, and released on August 26, 2011.

Handheld PC
A handheld computer, also called a palmtop computer, is a term that has variously been used to describe a small-sized personal computer (PC) typically built around a clamshell form factor and a laptop-like keyboard, including: Palmtop PCs, personal digital assistants (PDA), ultra-mobile PCs (UMPC) or portable gaming PCs. The brand Handheld PC specifically is a now-defunct class of computers introduced in the 1990s that was marketed by Microsoft, and is detailed below.
Jaco Labuschagne
Jaco Labuschagne (born 29 April 1999) is a South African rugby union player for the Blue Bulls in the Currie Cup and Bulls. His regular position is flanker.

Labuschagne was named in the Blue Bulls squad for the 2021 Currie Cup Premier Division. He made his debut in Round 1 of the 2021 Currie Cup Premier Division against the Western Province, scoring a try.

2021 Currie Cup Premier Division
The 2021 Currie Cup Premier Division was the 83rd edition of the top tier of the Currie Cup, the premier domestic rugby union competition in South Africa. It was sponsored by beer brand Carling Black Label and organised by the South African Rugby Union.

The tournament returned to its usual dates, following being played from November to January in 2020/21 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The tournament also returned to its usual length of 14 rounds followed by finals, following a shortened 7 round competition in 2020/21.

The First Division of the Currie Cup also returned in 2021, having been postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.
Coniferyl alcohol
Coniferyl alcohol is an organic compound with the formula HO(CH3O)C6H3CH=CHCH2OH. A colourless or white solid, it is one of the monolignols, produced via the phenylpropanoid biochemical pathway. When copolymerized with related aromatic compounds, coniferyl alcohol forms lignin or lignans. Coniferin is a glucoside of coniferyl alcohol. Coniferyl alcohol is an intermediate in biosynthesis of eugenol and of stilbenoids and coumarin. Gum benzoin contains significant amount of coniferyl alcohol and its esters. It is found in both gymnosperm and angiosperm plants. Sinapyl alcohol and paracoumaryl alcohol, the other two lignin monomers, are found in angiosperm plants and grasses.

Sinapyl alcohol
Sinapyl alcohol is an organic compound structurally related to cinnamic acid.  It is biosynthetized via the phenylpropanoid biochemical pathway, its immediate precursor being sinapaldehyde.  This phytochemical is one of the monolignols, which are precursor to lignin or lignans. It is also a biosynthetic precursor to various stilbenoids and coumarins.
Masjid Hasanah
Masjid Hasanah (Jawi: مسجد الحسنات; Mosque of Good Deeds) is a mosque located at Teban Gardens in Jurong East in the West Region, Singapore. It was first built in 1970 as a replacement for smaller, older mosques in Jurong before it was further rebuilt in the 1990s to accommodate more worshippers.

Jurong East
Jurong East is the regional centre of the West Region of Singapore. It borders Jurong West and Boon Lay to the west, Clementi to the east, Tengah and Bukit Batok to the north and Selat Jurong to the south.

First developed in the 1970s, it is located approximately 20 km (12 miles) west of the city-centre. Jurong East is the 7th most populated planning area in the West Region. Jurong East, along with the entire Jurong area in general, is envisioned to be the country's second central business district (CBD) as part of the Jurong Lake District project.
1904 Democratic National Convention
The 1904 Democratic National Convention was an American presidential nominating convention that ran from July 6 through 10 in the Coliseum of the St. Louis Exposition and Music Hall in St. Louis, Missouri. Breaking with eight years of control by the Democratic Party's reform wing, the convention nominated conservative Judge Alton B. Parker of New York for president and Henry G. Davis of West Virginia for vice president.

The Democratic ticket lost in the November 1904 presidential election to the Republican Party and its ticket of Theodore Roosevelt and Charles W. Fairbanks.

New York Court of Appeals
The New York Court of Appeals is the highest court in the Unified Court System of the State of New York. It consists of seven judges: the chief judge and six associate judges, who are appointed by the governor and confirmed by the state senate to 14-year terms. The chief judge of the Court of Appeals also heads administration of the state's court system, and thus is also known as the chief judge of the State of New York. The Court of Appeals was founded in 1847 and is located in the New York Court of Appeals Building in Albany, New York.
Penstemon crandallii
Penstemon crandallii, also known as Crandall's penstemon, is a species of penstemon that grows in western Colorado and small parts of New Mexico and Utah. It is a low growing plant with blue to purple flowers.

Penstemon
Penstemon /ˈpɛnstɪmən/, the beardtongues, is a large genus of roughly 280 species of flowering plants native to North America from northern Canada to Central America. It is the largest genus of flowering plants endemic to North America. As well as being the scientific name, penstemon is also widely used as a common name for all Penstemon species alongside beardtongues.

Formerly placed in the family Scrophulariaceae by the Cronquist system, new genetic research has placed it in the vastly expanded family Plantaginaceae. The total number of species is disagreed upon due to ongoing research into if some of the named species are actually subspecies or illegitimate concepts of previously described species.
Woojin Industrial Systems
Woojin Industrial Systems (Korean: 우진산전) is a South Korean manufacturer of rolling stock including metro, electric bus, peoplemover and monorail vehicles. Its main business is the development of rolling stocks and their core electrical components.

Gimcheon
Gimcheon (Korean: 김천; lit. gold spring; Korean pronunciation: [kim.tɕʰʌn]) is a city in North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea.  It is situated on the major land transportation routes between Seoul and Busan, namely the Gyeongbu Expressway and Gyeongbu Line railway.

In ancient times, Gimcheon was famous for its three mountains (Geumo, Daedeok, Hwangak) and two rivers (Gamcheon, Jikjicheon). During the Chosun Dynasty, Gimcheon had one of the five largest markets in the region. The town has also served as the gateway and traffic hub of the Yeongnam region and is particularly proud of its patriots, history and conservative lifestyle.

The slogan of Gimcheon is 'Central Gimcheon', a recognition of the fact that it is situated almost at the center of South Korea.
Cimarron Turnpike
The Cimarron Turnpike is a controlled-access toll road in north-central Oklahoma. The route travels 67 miles (108 km), from an interchange with Interstate 35 (I-35) north of Perry, to Westport, just west of Tulsa. The route also consists of a 7.2-mile (11.6 km) spur which runs from the mainline southwest to an interchange with U.S. Route 177 (US 177) north of Stillwater.

The entirety of the Cimarron Turnpike is concurrent with US 412 except for the Stillwater spur. At either end of the Turnpike, US-412 begins (or ends, depending on direction) a concurrency with US-64.

The Cimarron Turnpike opened to traffic in 1975. The US 412 designation was applied to the Cimarron Turnpike in 1988.

Payne County, Oklahoma
Payne County is the eighth-most populous county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, its population was 81,646. Its county seat is Stillwater. The county was created in 1890 as part of Oklahoma Territory and is named for Capt. David L. Payne, a leader of the "Boomers".

Payne County comprises the Stillwater, OK Micropolitan Statistical Area. The county lies northeast of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area although some consider it an extension of the Oklahoma City metro area due to commuter patterns and other indicators.
Sculptured stones
Sculptured stones are carved stone monuments from the early Christian period excavated in various parts of the British Isles and Scandinavia. They document the conversion of these areas to Christianity.

They are usually rough-hewn slabs or boulders, and may be standing upright or lying down. Many have runic or lettered inscriptions on them that are in Ogham, Scandinavian runes (Old Norse), or Latin. Some are crosses with Celtic knots and other interlacing patterns. Many resemble those found on Celtic scriptures of the Gospels.

Sculptured stones are usually found near ancient ecclesiastical sites, and their date is approximately fixed according to the character of the ornamentation. The stones date from the 26th century BCE to the 16th century CE.

Kirriemuir sculptured stones
56°38′39″N 2°53′21″W﻿ / ﻿56.6441°N 2.8891°W﻿ / 56.6441; -2.8891
The Kirriemuir Sculptured Stones are a series of Class II and III Pictish stones found in Kirriemuir, Angus, Scotland. Their existence points to Kirriemuir being an important ecclesiastical centre in the late first millennium AD.
Madison County Courthouse (Kentucky)
The Madison County Courthouse is a historic courthouse in Richmond, Kentucky, United States, which serves as the seat of government for Madison County. It is a Greek Revival structure originally built in 1849–1850 by John McMurtry according to the designs of Thomas Lewinski, the two of whom were some of the most prominent architects in central Kentucky during the nineteenth century. It has been expanded and remodeled several times since, most recently in 1965.  The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

Richmond, Kentucky
Richmond is a home rule-class city in Madison County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 34,585 as of the 2020 census, making it the state's seventh-largest city. It is the principal city of the Richmond–Berea micropolitan area, which includes all of Madison and Rockcastle counties and had 123,000 residents in 2020.

The city is named after Richmond, Virginia and is home to Eastern Kentucky University. Richmond is the county seat of Madison County and serves as the center for work and shopping in south-central Kentucky. Richmond is home to numerous festivals, notably the Millstone Festival.
Yu County, Shanxi
Yu County, also known by its Chinese name Yuxian, is a county in the east of Shanxi Province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Yangquan and occupies its northern majority.

Yangquan
Yangquan (simplified Chinese: 阳泉; traditional Chinese: 陽泉; pinyin: Yángquán [jǎŋtɕʰyǎn]) is a prefecture-level city in the east of Shanxi province, People's Republic of China, bordering Hebei province to the east. Known as "Rippling Spring" in ancient times, it lies on the eastern edge of the Loess Plateau and the western side of the Taihang Mountains. Yangquan occupies a total area of 4,452 square kilometres (1,719 sq mi). According to the 2020 census, Yangquan had a population of 1,318,505, of which 1,037,456 lived in the built-up (or metro) area consists of 3 urban districts plus Pingding County. Yangquan is a new industrial city in Shanxi province. It belongs to the warm temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate zone. Yangquan City covers two counties and three districts.
Angostura Colorada Formation
The Angostura Colorada Formation is a Campanian to Maastrichtian geologic formation of the Neuquén Basin and North Patagonian Massif in the Río Negro Province of Argentina. Dinosaur remains diagnostic to the genus level are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.

North Patagonian Massif
The North Patagonian Massif or Somún Cura Massif (Spanish: Macizo Norpatagónico, Macizo Nordpatagónico or Macizo de Somún Cura) is a massif in northern Patagonia located in the Argentine provinces of Río Negro and Chubut. The massif is a plateau surrounded by sedimentary basins. The North Patagonian Massif covers an area of approximately 100,000 square kilometres (39,000 sq mi). The massif rises 500 to 700 metres (1,600 to 2,300 ft) above the surrounding topography reaching a maximum of 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) above sea level. Compared to neighboring areas, the North Patagonian Massif has thicker continental crust.
Crown Lands Act 1829
The Crown Lands Act 1829 (10 Geo. 4. c. 50) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that consolidated enactments relating to crown lands in the United Kingdom.

The act redefined the powers and duties of the Commissioners of Woods, Forests and Land Revenues.

Commissioners of Woods, Forests and Land Revenues
The Commissioners of Woods, Forests and Land Revenues were officials under the United Kingdom Crown, charged with the management of Crown lands. Their office were customarily known as the Office of Woods.

Under the Crown Lands Act 1851 (14 & 15 Vict. c. 42) they took over from the Commissioners of Woods, Forests, Land Revenues, Works, and Buildings those functions which related to the revenue-earning parts of the Crown lands. In 1924 the royal forests including the New Forest and Forest of Dean were transferred from the Office of Woods to the new Forestry Commission, and the title of the Commissioners of Woods, Forests and Land Revenues was changed to Commissioners of Crown Lands.
Flatiron Valley
Flatiron Valley is a north-south valley including a sub-glacial lake, located in the south part of the Ganymede Heights, marginal to Jupiter Glacier, situated in eastern Alexander Island, Antarctica. The name derives from field work in 1978–79 by the Department of Geography, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, with British Antarctic Survey support. It was named from the triangular slope facets between prominent gullies on the west side of the valley. The site lies within Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) No.147.

Antarctic Specially Protected Area
An Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) is an area on the continent of Antarctica, or on nearby islands, which is protected by scientists and several different international bodies. The protected areas were established in 1961 under the Antarctic Treaty System, which governs all the land and water south of 60 latitude and protects against human development. A permit is required for entry into any ASPA site. The ASPA sites are protected by the governments of Australia, New Zealand, United States, United Kingdom, Chile, France, Argentina, Poland, Russia, Norway, Japan, India, Italy, and Republic of Korea. There are currently 72 sites.
Pharoideae
Pharoideae is a subfamily of the true grass family Poaceae, containing the single tribe Phareae with the two genera Leptaspis and Pharus. Its members grow on the shaded floors of tropical to warm temperate forests.

This subfamily is one of the earliest-diverging grass lineages, older than the big BOP and PACMAD clades:

Leptaspis
Leptaspis is a genus of Paleotropical plants in the grass family, native to Africa, southern Asia, northern Australia, and a few islands of the western Pacific.

Species

Leptaspis angustifolia Summerh. & C.E.Hubb. - New Guinea, Fiji

Leptaspis banksii R.Br. - Queensland, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Philippines, Taiwan, Sulawesi, Malaysia, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Thailand

Leptaspis zeylanica Nees ex Steud. - tropical Africa from Liberia to Ethiopia to Zimbabwe; Madagascar, Comoros, Sri Lanka, Java, Malaysia, Sumatra, Sulawesi, New Guinea, Solomon Islands

Formerly included

see Scrotochloa

Leptaspis manillensis - Scrotochloa urceolata

Leptaspis tararaensis - Scrotochloa tararaensis

Leptaspis urceolata - Scrotochloa urceolata
Sensor Web Enablement
Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) is a suite of standards developed and maintained by Open Geospatial Consortium. SWE standards enable developers to make all types of sensors, transducers and sensor data repositories discoverable, accessible and usable via the Web.

SWE Standards include:

Sensor Observation Service

Sensor Planning Service

Observations and Measurements

Sensor Model Language

SensorThings API

Observations and Measurements
Observations and Measurements (O&M) is an international standard which defines a conceptual schema encoding for observations, and for features involved in sampling when making observations. While the O&M standard was developed in the context of geographic information systems, the model is derived from generic patterns proposed by Fowler and Odell, and is not limited to geospatial information. O&M is one of the core standards in the OGC Sensor Web Enablement suite, providing the response model for Sensor Observation Service (SOS).
Prix Vicomtesse Vigier
The Prix Vicomtesse Vigier is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbreds aged four years or older. It is run at Longchamp over a distance of 3,100 metres (about 1 mile and 7½ furlongs), and it is scheduled to take place each year in May.

Longchamp Racecourse
The Longchamp Racecourse (French: Hippodrome de Longchamp, pronounced [ipɔdʁom də lɔ̃ʃɑ̃]) is a 57-hectare (140-acre) horse-racing facility located on the Route des Tribunes at the Bois de Boulogne in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, France. It is used for flat racing and is noted for its variety of interlaced tracks and a famous hill that provides a real challenge to competing thoroughbreds. It has several racetracks varying from 1,000 to 4,000 metres in length, with 46 different starting posts.

The course is home to more than half of the group one races held in France, and it has a capacity of 50,000. The highlight of the calendar is the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe. Held on the first weekend in October, the event attracts the best horses from around the world.

The leather fashion goods company Longchamp got its name from the facility.