hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anglo-Jewish studies
Anglo-Jewish studies is the field of historical enquiry into the experience of Jewish people in England. The Jewish Historical Society of England has been central to work in this area, which began as a serious field from around the 1880s.

Gavin I. Langmuir
Gavin I. Langmuir (April 2, 1924 – July 10, 2005) was a Canadian medievalist historian. Much of his work focused on the Jews of medieval England and the history of antisemitism.

Veteran of World War II, a historian of antisemitism, and a medievalist at Stanford University.
Seishiro Endo
Seishiro Endo (遠藤征四郎, Endō Seishirō), born 1942, is an 8th dan ranked Aikikai aikido master teacher. Endō is among the few living people who studied directly under aikido founder Morihei Ueshiba.

He trained at  Aikikai Hombu Dojo with master teachers including Seigo Yamaguchi, Hiroshi Tada, Mitsunari Kanai, and  Yasuo Kobayashi.

When Endo was 30 years old he dislocated his right shoulder. According to an interview, that event brought him to a turning point. After the injury, Yamaguchi said to him, "You’ve been doing aikido for 10 years now, but now you have only your left arm to use, what are you going to do?" This prompted Endo to pursue a different direction in his Aikido. His Aikido eventually became a lot softer and more contact-based.

Hiroshi Tada
Hiroshi Tada (多田 宏, Tada Hiroshi) (born  December 14, 1929) is a Japanese aikido teacher holding the rank of 9th dan in the Aikikai.

Born in Tokyo within a former Samurai family with roots from Tsushima Island, Tada first studied his family's style of archery (Heki-Ryū Chikurin-ha Ban-pa) under his father in the family's house in Jiyūgaoka. He then became a member of the Waseda University karate club before starting training in aikido at the Aikikai Hombu Dojo under aikido founder Morihei Ueshiba in March 1950. He was dispatched to Rome, Italy, in 1964 where he established the Italian Dojo Centrale in 1967, and the national association Aikikai d'Italia in 1970. He returned to Japan in 1971 to resume teaching at the Aikikai Hombu Dojo.

To supplement aikido training, he has developed a system of breathing and meditative exercises called ki no renma  (気の錬磨, cultivation of ki) based largely on the teachings of Nakamura Tempu and the Ichikukai Dojo.
Western Maryland Railway
The Western Maryland Railway (reporting mark WM) nicknamed the Wild Mary was a small American Class I railroad (1852–1983) that operated in 3 US States, Maryland (Western Region), West Virginia (Eastern Region), and Pennsylvania (Southern Region) around the Allegheny Regions of the Appalachian Mountains with its headquarters in Baltimore, Maryland. It was primarily a coal hauling and freight railroad, with a small passenger train operation until 1958 when the WM discontinued all of its passenger service.

The WM became a property of the Chessie System holding company in 1973, although it continued independent operations until May 1975 after which many of its lines were abandoned in favor of parallel Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) lines.

In 1983, it was fully merged into the B&O, which later was also merged with the former Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) into the Chessie System in 1987, which then merged with the Seaboard System to form CSX Transportation.

Big Pool, Maryland
Big Pool is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in western Washington County, Maryland, United States. Its population was 82 as of the 2010 census. It is between Clear Spring, Maryland and Hancock, Maryland along Interstate 70 and is officially a part of the Hagerstown Metropolitan Area.

To the south of Big Pool lies Fort Frederick State Park, a restored fort used during the French and Indian War. Also nearby is the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park, which lies near Ft. Frederick alongside the Potomac River.

Big Pool is also the name of a large body of water which is part of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. This pool occurs roughly at the 113 mile mark, and it is on what the canallers called the 14 mile level.
Byzantine Italy
Byzantine Italy consisted of various parts of the Italian peninsula that were under the control of the Byzantine Empire after the Gothic War (535–554) and down to the end of the 11th century. There was a brief attempt at Byzantine reconquest in the middle of the 12th century.

Chronologically, it refers to:

Praetorian prefecture of Italy (540/554–584)

Exarchate of Ravenna (584–751)

Theme of Longobardia (c. 891 – c. 965)

Catepanate of Italy (965–1071)

Several states avoided conquest by the Lombards or Franks and maintained nominal Byzantine allegiance even after the Byzantine presence in Italy came to an end:

Byzantine Venetia (later: Republic of Venice)

Duchy of Naples

Duchy of Gaeta

Duchy of Amalfi

Duchy of Sorrento

Likewise, the islands of Sardinia and Sicily maintained Byzantine allegiance in this period:

Theme of Sicily (687–902)

Byzantine Sardinia

Duchy of Naples
The Duchy of Naples (Latin: Ducatus Neapolitanus, Neapolitan: Ducato di Napule) began as a Byzantine province in Southern Europe that was constituted in the seventh century, in the lands roughly corresponding to the current province of Naples that the Lombards had not conquered during their invasion of Italy in the sixth century.

It was governed by a military commander (dux), and rapidly became a de facto independent state, lasting more than five centuries during the Early and High Middle Ages. Naples remains a significant metropolitan city in present-day Italy.
Éric Caritoux
Éric Caritoux (born 16 August 1960 in Carpentras, Vaucluse) is a French former professional road racing cyclist who raced between 1983 and 1994. He had 22 victories in his career, the highlights of which were winning the Vuelta a España in 1984 and taking the French road race championships in 1988 and 1989. He rode the Tour de France on 11 occasions, his best finish being 12th in 1989.

Tour des Alpes-Maritimes
The Tour des Alpes-Maritimes, formerly known as the Tour du Haut Var, (English: Tour of the Haut Var) is an early-season two-day road bicycle race in the Var department region in the south of France. Until 2008 it was run as a one-day race, part of the UCI Europe Tour. In 2009, the race transformed to a 2.1 event, raced over two days. Dutchman Joop Zoetemelk and France's Arthur Vichot hold the record with three wins.

The Tour des Alpes-Maritimes is one of several stage races held in the hilly Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in February, alongside the Étoile de Bessèges, La Méditerranéenne and the Tour La Provence. These early-season races are competed mainly by French teams and are considered preparations for Paris–Nice, the first European World Tour event in March.
Gordon de Brouwer
Gordon John de Brouwer PSM is a senior Australian public servant serving as Australian Public Service Commissioner since 11 May 2023. Prior to this, he was the Secretary for Public Sector Reform from 2022 to 2023, and previously Secretary of the Department of the Environment and Energy from 2016 to 2017.

Department secretary
In Australia, a departmental secretary is the most senior public servant of an Australian Government or state government department. They are typically responsible for the day-to-day actions of a department.
Timothy Brown (radical)
Timothy Brown (1743/1744 – 4 September 1820) was an English banker, merchant and radical, known for his association with other radicals of the time, such as John Horne Tooke, Robert Waithman, William Frend, William Cobbett, John Cartwright and George Cannon; his political views gave him the nickname "Equality Brown". He was also one of the early partners of Whitbread, and became the master of the Worshipful Company of Brewers.

William Cobbett
William Cobbett (9 March 1763 – 18 June 1835) was an English pamphleteer, journalist, politician, and farmer born in Farnham, Surrey. He was one of an agrarian faction seeking to reform Parliament, abolish "rotten boroughs", restrain foreign activity, and raise wages, with the goal of easing poverty among farm labourers and small land holders. Cobbett backed lower taxes, saving, reversing commons enclosures and returning to the gold standard. He opposed borough-mongers, sinecurists, bureaucratic "tax-eaters" and stockbrokers. His radicalism furthered the Reform Act 1832 and gained him one of two newly created seats in Parliament for the borough of Oldham. His polemics range from political reform to religion, including Catholic emancipation. His best known book is Rural Rides (1830, in print). He argued against Malthusianism, saying economic betterment could support global population growth.
Alpina B3 (E90)
The Alpina B3 (E90)  and Alpina D3 (E90) are a series of high performance compact executive cars manufactured by German automobile manufacturer Alpina from 2007 to 2013. Based on the BMW 3 Series (E90), the B3 and D3 were available in coupé, saloon, convertible (not available for the D3) and station wagon body styles. The B3 was officially unveiled at the 2007 Geneva Motor Show.

Coupe
A coupe or coupé (/kuːˈpeɪ/, also US: /kuːp/) is a passenger car with a sloping or truncated rear roofline and typically with two doors.

The term coupé was first applied to horse-drawn carriages for two passengers without rear-facing seats. It comes from the French past participle of couper, "cut".

Some coupé cars only have two seats, while some also feature rear seats. However, these rear seats are usually lower quality and much smaller than those in the front. Furthermore, "A fixed-top two-door sports car would be best and most appropriately be termed a 'sports coupe' or 'sports coupé'".
Havdalsvatnet
Havdalsvatnet (Norwegian) or Haavhtere (Southern Sami) is a lake in Lierne Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway.  The 8.12-square-kilometre (3.14 sq mi) lake lies in the northern part of the municipality, just south of the large lake Tunnsjøen.  The village of Tunnsjø senter lies about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) east of the lake and the lake Skorovatn (in neighboring Namsskogan Municipality) lies about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) to the west.

Tunnsjø senter
Tunnsjø senter is a village located in the northern part of Lierne Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is named for its location near the large lake Tunnsjøen. The village sits just 400 metres (1,300 ft) west of the border with Sweden. Tunnsjø Chapel is located in the village.

Tunnsjø senter is the main village area in the far northern part of Lierne Municipality, and it is rather isolated from the rest of the municipality.  To drive from this part of the municipality to the rest of Lierne, one would need to drive south about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) through Sweden and back into Norway.

The village sits very close to several large lakes: Limingen and Tunnsjøen to the north, Ingelsvatnet to the west, and Kvarnbergsvattnet to the east (in Sweden).
Charlie McAvoy
Charles Patrick McAvoy Jr. (born December 21, 1997) is an American professional ice hockey player who is a defenseman and alternate captain for the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected 14th overall in the 2016 NHL entry draft.

2018 IIHF World Championship
The 2018 IIHF World Championship was an international ice hockey tournament hosted by the Danish cities of Copenhagen and Herning, held from 4 to 20 May 2018. The IIHF announced the winning bid on 23 May 2014 in Minsk, Belarus. South Korea made its debut at the World Championship, having played in the lower divisions previously.

Sweden went undefeated at the tournament to win their second consecutive and eleventh overall title after defeating Switzerland in the final. The United States won the bronze medal game, defeating Canada 4–1.

The official mascot of the tournament was a swan, inspired by the Danish writer and poet Hans Christian Andersen's fairytale about The Ugly Duckling.
Stanisław Gustaw Jaster
Stanisław Gustaw Jaster, codenamed Hel (pronounced [staˈɲiswaf ˈɡustaf ˈjastɛr] ⓘ; born 1 January 1921 in Lviv, died after 12 July 1943 in Warsaw) was a Polish scout, an escapee from the Auschwitz concentration camp, and a soldier of the Home Army.

He went missing under unexplained circumstances after 12 July 1943; presumably murdered by fellow conspirators. In 1968, he was accused by Aleksander Kunicki of collaborating with the Gestapo and causing the dismantling of the special unit Osa–Kosa 30, which initiated a long-standing and emotional debate. According to many historians and veterans, Jaster was innocent, and his death was the result of a tragic mistake. This case was one of the most mysterious and controversial episodes in the history of the Polish Underground State.

On 25 September 2019, Jaster was posthumously awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta, which can be seen as his symbolic rehabilitation.

Adam Cyra
Adam Cyra (born 1949) is a Polish historian. A specialist in World War II history of Central Europe, he graduated from Jagiellonian University. Since 1972 he is a staff member of the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum in Oświęcim. His doctoral thesis at the Silesian University was on a Polish cavalry officer, intelligence agent, and resistance leader Witold Pilecki. He authored several dozen books and articles, mostly on World War II history of Poland and the Auschwitz concentration camp.
S3 Group
S3 Group is a technology company that has provided software products to operators, OEM's, semiconductors and healthcare providers. Founded in 1986 as Silicon & Software Systems (S3), S3 Group has a history in systems, embedded software and silicon design for consumer, wireless, WiMAX and related applications.

In 2015, the group's "S3 TV Technology" business unit was sold to Accenture, and in 2018, the "S3 Semiconductors" division sold to Adesto Technologies. The remaining "S3 Connected Health" unit had, as of 2018, approximately 200 employees.

Accenture
Accenture plc is a multinational technology consulting company headquartered in Dublin, Ireland. Founded in 1989, Accenture provides information technology and management consulting services across 120 countries globally.
Rhynchelmis
Rhynchelmis is the genus of 26 species of aquatic oligochaetes from the Northern Hemisphere, with 14 species from North America and 12 from Eurasia. They are part of the family Lumbriculidae, which are among the largest of the microdriles. They are generally defined as having atria in segment X and spermathecae in segment VIII. The prostomium generally has a proboscis, from which the genus has got its name.

Segmentation (biology)
Segmentation in biology is the division of some animal and plant body plans into a linear series of repetitive segments that may or may not be interconnected to each other. This article focuses on the segmentation of animal body plans, specifically using the examples of the taxa Arthropoda, Chordata, and Annelida. These three groups form segments by using a "growth zone" to direct and define the segments. While all three have a generally segmented body plan and use a growth zone, they use different mechanisms for generating this patterning. Even within these groups, different organisms have different mechanisms for segmenting the body. Segmentation of the body plan is important for allowing free movement and development of certain body parts. It also allows for regeneration in specific individuals.
Bruce Wilson (soccer)
Bruce Alec Wilson (born June 20, 1951) is a former NASL and Canadian international soccer player. He played the second most games of any player in the former league, 299 (276 regular season and 23 playoff).  He also captained the Canadian team at the 1986 FIFA World Cup finals. In 2012 as part of the Canadian Soccer Association's centennial celebration, he was named to the all-time Canada XI men's team.

Canada Soccer Hall of Fame
The Canada Soccer Hall of Fame honours people and institutions for their contributions to Canadian soccer. It was founded in 1997 by the Ontario Soccer Association and was originally located in Vaughan, Ontario. As of 2024, the Canada Soccer Hall of Fame has inducted 144 players, 13 managers/coaches, 10 officials, and 45 builders as honoured members. Additionally, the Canada Soccer Hall of Fame has recognized 18 teams of distinction and 21 organizations of distinction.

After the Canadian Soccer Association Alumni Association was founded in 1987, the Soccer Hall of Fame was founded by the Ontario Soccer Association in 1997 in Vaughan. The new Canada Soccer Hall of Fame was launched in May 2017 under the direction of the Canadian Soccer Association in Ottawa, Ontario. All previously-inducted members of The Soccer Hall of Fame as well as a catch-up class of 17 legends were named to the new Canada Soccer Hall of Fame.
2015 Men's U-19 World Floorball Championships
The 2015 Men's U-19 World Floorball Championships were the eighth world championships in men's under-19 floorball. The tournament took place over April 29 to May 3, 2015, in Helsingborg, Sweden.

Finland won their 3rd world championship total by winning Switzerland in the final with goals 13–3. Host team Sweden ended to 4th place when Czechia won them with goals 7–6 in the bronze medal game on the overtime. This is the first and the only time when Sweden ended the international floorball tournament without medal.

Under-19 World Floorball Championships
Under-19 World Floorball Championships is a tournament for national junior teams from member countries of the International Floorball Federation. It has been held regularly every two years since 2001 for men and since 2004 for women. Men's tournaments take place in odd-numbered years, while women's tournaments are held in even-numbered years. The tournament takes place in May.

The reigning champion and the most successful nation in both categories is Sweden, with six titles in the men's competition and eight in the women's.

The most recent Men's U19 World Floorball Championship in 2023 was hosted in Denmark, while the next edition in 2025 will be held in Switzerland. The latest Women's U19 World Floorball Championship in 2024 took place in Finland, with the next tournament scheduled for 2026 in Italy.
2025 Rhode Island Senate District 4 special election
A special election in the U.S. State of Rhode Island was held August 5, 2025, to elect a new member for District 4 in the Rhode Island Senate, representing part of North Providence. The election filled the vacancy caused by the death of longtime Democratic state senator and president Dominick J. Ruggerio, who died on April 21, 2025. Primary elections were held on July 8. The Democratic nominee, North Providence Councilmember Stefano Famiglietti, defeated his Republican opponent, attorney Alex Asermely, in an overwhelming landslide of more than two-thirds of the vote.

2022 Rhode Island Senate election
The 2022 Rhode Island State Senate elections took place on November 8, 2022. Primary elections were held on September 13, 2022. Rhode Island voters elected state senators in all 38 seats of the Senate. State senators serve two-year terms in the Rhode Island Senate.

The election coincided with United States national elections and Rhode Island state elections, including U.S. House, Governor, and Rhode Island House. 
Since the previous election in 2020, Democrats held a 33-to-5-seat supermajority over Republicans. Democrats maintained the same supermajority in 2022, winning 33 seats.

These were the first elections in Rhode Island following the 2020 United States redistricting cycle, which resulted in redrawn legislative district boundaries.
Douglass-Frey Ranch
The Douglass-Frey Ranch in Churchill County, Nevada was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.

The main feature of the property is the Douglass Mansion, built during 1918–1920, which is a rare Prairie School work by architect Frederick J. DeLongchamps.

A bunk house built in 1916 is also included.  It is a two-story, stucco house with a low-pitch hipped roof.

Barns and sheds from c.1920 are also included, as well as a pavilion built in 1995.

Churchill County, Nevada
Churchill County is a county in the western U.S. state of Nevada. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,516. Its county seat is Fallon. Named for Mexican–American War hero brevet Brigadier General Sylvester Churchill, the county was formed in 1861. Churchill County comprises the Fallon, NV Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is in northwestern Nevada. Churchill County is noteworthy in that it owns and operates the local telephone carrier, Churchill County Communications.
Prince of Wales's Children Act 1889
The Prince of Wales’s Children Act 1889 (52 & 53 Vict. c. 35) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It was enacted to provide for state-funded annuities from the civil list for the children of Queen Victoria's oldest son, Albert Edward, Prince of Wales.

Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife
Alexander William George Duff, 1st Duke of Fife (10 November 1849 – 29 January 1912), styled Viscount Macduff between 1857 and 1879 and known as the Earl Fife between 1879 and 1889, was a Scottish nobleman and peer who married Princess Louise, the third child and eldest daughter of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra.
Uncial 0317
Uncial 0317 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 7th-century, though it is not sure because text is too brief for certainty.

Uncial script
Uncial is a majuscule script (written entirely in capital letters) commonly used from the 4th to 8th centuries AD by Latin and Greek scribes. Uncial letters were used to write Greek and Latin, as well as Gothic, and are the current style for Coptic and Nobiin.
Håkon Paulsberg
Håkon Paulsberg (born 26 July 1952 in Hunndalen, Norway) is a Norwegian musician and singer-songwriter, the father of the jazz saxophonist Hanna Paulsberg, now living in Rygge, Østfold. He is known for cooperations with musical profiles like Jan Erik Vold, Arne Domnerus and Clifford Jordan and composing music to lyrics by poets like Georg Johannesen.

Alf Prøysen
Alf Prøysen (Norwegian pronunciation: [ɑɫf ˈprœʏsn̩]) (23 July 1914 – 23 November 1970) was a Norwegian author, poet, playwright, songwriter and musician. Prøysen was one of the most important Norwegian cultural personalities in the second half of the 20th century. He worked in several different media including books, newspapers and records. He also made significant contributions to music as well as to television and radio. He also wrote in the Arbeiderbladet from 1954 until his death.

He was also noted for his series of books featuring Mrs. Pepperpot (Norwegian: Teskjekjerringa). The fictional character of a series of children's books established him as a children's author. The series of books were first published during 1956 and was first published in English in 1959.
Martin Terrier
Martin Albert Frédéric Terrier (born 4 March 1997) is a French professional footballer who plays as winger or forward for Bundesliga club Bayer Leverkusen.

Terrier played over 200 games and scored over 60 goals in Ligue 1 for Lille, Strasbourg, Lyon and Rennes. He joined the last two clubs for €11 million and €12 million, respectively.

2022–23 Ligue 1
The 2022–23 Ligue 1, also known as Ligue 1 Uber Eats for sponsorship reasons, was the 85th season of the Ligue 1, France's premier football competition. It began on 5 August 2022 and concluded on 3 June 2023.

As the 2022 FIFA World Cup began on 20 November, the last round before the break was held on 12–13 November. The league subsequently resumed on 27 December. Four clubs were relegated to Ligue 2 at the end of the season as the number of clubs was reduced to 18 starting from the 2023–24 season. As a result, no play-offs were held at the end of the season, and this was the last season played with 20 teams.

Paris Saint-Germain were the defending champions, and they won a record-breaking eleventh title with one match to spare, following a 1–1 draw against Strasbourg on 27 May.