hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
First Mongol invasion of Poland
The Mongol invasion of Poland from late 1240 to 1241 culminated in the Battle of Legnica, where the Mongols defeated an alliance which included forces from fragmented Poland and their allies, led by Henry II the Pious, the Duke of Silesia and High Duke of Poland. The first invasion's intention was to secure the flank of the main Mongolian army attacking the Kingdom of Hungary. The Mongols neutralized any potential help to King Béla IV being provided by the Poles or any military orders.

Tumen (unit)
Tumen, or tümen ("unit of ten thousand";
Old Turkic: tümän; Mongolian: Түмэн, tümen; Turkish: tumën), was a decimal unit of measurement used by the Turkic and Mongol peoples to quantify and organize their societies in groups of 10,000.  A tumen denotes an administrative unit of 10,000 households, or a military unit of 10,000 soldiers.

English Orientalist Sir Gerard Clauson (1891-1974) defined tümän as immediately borrowed from Tocharian tmān, which according to Edwin G. Pulleyblank might have been etymologically inherited from Old Chinese tman or 萬.
Elucidarium
Elucidarium (also Elucidarius, so called because it "elucidates the obscurity of various things") is an encyclopedic work or summa about medieval Christian theology and folk belief, originally written in the late 11th century by Honorius Augustodunensis, influenced by Anselm of Canterbury and John Scotus Eriugena. It was probably complete by 1098, as the latest work by Anselm that finds mention is Cur deus homo. This suggests that it is the earliest work by Honorius, written when he was a young man. It was intended as a handbook for the lower and less educated clergy. Valerie Flint (1975) associates its compilation with the 11th-century Reform of English monasticism.

Summa
Summa and its diminutive summula (plural summae and summulae, respectively) was a medieval didactics literary genre written in Latin, born during the 12th century, and popularized in 13th century Europe. In its simplest sense, they might be considered texts that 'sum up' knowledge in a field, such as the compendiums of theology, philosophy and canon law. Their function during the Middle Ages was largely as manuals or handbooks of necessary knowledge used by individuals who would not advance their studies any further.
Antigonus of Alexandria
Antigonus (Ancient Greek: Ἀντίγονος) of Alexandria was a grammarian of ancient Greece who is referred to by Erotian in his Prooemium and his Prenira. He is perhaps the same person as the Antigonus of whom the Scholiast on Nicander speaks, and identical with Antigonus, the commentator of Hippocrates.

Erotianus
Erotianus (Greek: Ἐρωτιανός, also Herodianus, Greek: Ἡρωδιανός; 1st century AD) was the author of an extant Greek work titled Collection of Hippocratic words (Greek: Τῶν παρ' Ἱπποκράτει Λέξεων Συναγωγή). It is uncertain whether he was himself a physician or merely a grammarian, but he appears to have written (or at least to have intended to write) some other works on Hippocrates besides that which we now possess.

He must have lived (and probably at Rome) in the reign of the emperor Nero (54–68 AD), as his work is dedicated to his archiater, Andromachus. It is notable for containing the earliest list of the writings of Hippocrates that exists, and contains the titles of several treatises now lost, but excludes several that now form part of the Hippocratic Corpus. The rest of the work consists of a glossary, in which the words are at present arranged in a partially alphabetical manner, though it appears that this mode of arrangement is not that which was adopted by the author himself.
Strawberry Jam
Strawberry Jam is the seventh studio album by American experimental pop band Animal Collective. It was released in September 2007, the band's first on Domino Records. It was accompanied by the singles "Peacebone" and "Fireworks". The album was the band's first to chart on the Billboard 200, debuting and peaking at number 72.

Avey Tare
David Michael Portner (born April 24, 1979), also known by his moniker Avey Tare, is an American musician and songwriter who co-founded the experimental pop band Animal Collective. He has released four solo albums, as well as four collaborative albums with Panda Bear (Noah Lennox) three of which were later retroactively classified under Animal Collective's discography.
Kumquat production in China
China is one of the world's leading producers of kumquats. The earliest historical reference to kumquats appears in Chinese literature in the 12th century, and the plant was native to China before it was spread to Japan, Taiwan and South America. The industry is highly productive in Jiangxi province, particularly in Suichuan County which is first among China's four largest kumquat-producing areas. In the mid 1980s, Yufeng Township accounted for one half of the entire county's production.
Many women in Jiangxi province are occupied in the kumquat industry.

Kumquat
Kumquats (/ˈkʌmkwɒt/ ⓘ KUM-kwot), sometimes spelled cumquat in Australian English and British English, are a group of small, angiosperm, fruit-bearing trees in the family Rutaceae. The edible fruit closely resembles the orange (Citrus x sinensis) in color, texture, and anatomy, but is much smaller, being approximately the size of a large olive. They are native to southern China but have been cultivated for centuries in Japan and Southeast Asia. The kumquat is a fairly cold-hardy citrus.

The taxonomy of kumquats is disputed. They were once classified as forming the historical genus Fortunella or placed within Citrus, sensu lato. Different classifications have assigned them ranging from a single species, Citrus japonica, to numerous species representing each cultivar. Recent genomic analysis defines three pure species, Citrus hindsii, C. margarita and C. crassifolia, with C. × japonica being a hybrid of the last two.
Saint John's Eve
Saint John's Eve, starting at sunset on 23 June, is the eve of the feast day of Saint John the Baptist. It is one of only two feast days marking a saint's earthly birth (the other being the nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary on 8 September); all other saint’s days mark their deaths (dies natalis, their “birth” into Heaven), or some other important event. The Gospel of Luke (Luke 1:26–37, 56–57) states that John was born six months before Jesus; thus, the feast of John the Baptist’s birth was fixed on 24 June, six months before Christmas. In the Roman calendar, 24 June was the date of the summer solstice, and Saint John's Eve is closely associated with Midsummer festivities in Europe. Traditions are similar to those of May Day, and include bonfires (Saint John's fires), feasting, processions, church services, and gathering wild plants.

Unclean spirit
In English translations of the Bible, unclean spirit is a common rendering of Greek pneuma akatharton (πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον; plural pneumata akatharta (πνεύματα ἀκάθαρτα)), which in its single occurrence in the Septuagint translates Hebrew ruaḥ tum'ah (רוּחַ טוּמְאָה).

The Greek term appears  21 times in the New Testament in the context of demonic possession. It is also translated into English as spirit of impurity or more loosely as "evil spirit." The Latin equivalent is spiritus immundus.

The association of physical and spiritual cleanliness is, if not universal, widespread and continues into the 21st century: "To be virtuous is to be physically clean and free from the impurity that is sin," notes an article in Scientific American published 10 March 2009. Some scholarship seeks to differentiate between "unclean spirit" and "evil spirit" (pneuma ponêron) or "demon" (daimonion).
Enthusiast Gaming
Enthusiast Gaming Holdings Inc. is a Canadian digital media company specializing in video game journalism. Founded in 2014 by entrepreneur Menashe Kestenbaum, the company owned the websites Destructoid and Escapist Magazine from 2014 to September 2022, as well the gaming convention Enthusiast Gaming Live Expo (EGLX). The company went public on the TSX Venture Exchange in October 2018. In January 2020, the company's listing moved to the Toronto Stock Exchange. The company was also trading on the Nasdaq from April 2021 to October 2023. Enthusiast Gaming owns a number of websites and runs an annual convention in Toronto.

Toronto Stock Exchange
The Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX; French: Bourse de Toronto) is a stock exchange located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is the 10th largest exchange in the world and the third largest in North America by market capitalization. Based in the EY Tower in Toronto's Financial District, the TSX is a wholly owned subsidiary of the TMX Group for the trading of senior equities.
Colonial Secretary of the Gambia
The Colonial Secretary of the Gambia was a key role in the colonial government of the Gambia Colony and Protectorate. Often seen as the deputy to the governor or colonial administrator, Colonial Secretaries often stepped in as acting governors through the Gambia's colonial history. The Colonial Secretary was in charge of administration, and was often a career Colonial Office official.

Gambia Colony and Protectorate
The Gambia Colony and Protectorate was the British colonial administration of The Gambia from 1821 to 1965, part of the British Empire in the New Imperialism era. The colony was the immediate area surrounding Bathurst (now Banjul), and the protectorate was the inland territory situated around the Gambia River, which was declared in 1894.
Inner root sheath
The inner root sheath or internal root sheath of the hair follicle is located between the outer root sheath and the hair shaft. It is made of three layers: Henle's layer, Huxley's layer, and the cuticle. The inner root sheath serves to protect growing hair.

Cuticle (hair)
The hair cuticle is the outermost part of the hair shaft. It is formed from dead cells, overlapping in layers, which form scales that strengthen and protect the hair shaft.

These layers are formed of keratin proteins. The hair cuticle is also known to contain anteiso-18-methyleicosanoic acid which contribute to the hydrophobic properties of hair.
Military court (China)
The Military Court of the People's Liberation Army (also referred to as the Military High Court of the PLA) is the highest level military court of the Chinese armed forces (including the PLA and the People's Armed Police). It is a Deputy Theater grade (副战区级) unit organized under dual subordination: administratively under the direct supervision of the Political and Legal Commission of the Central Military Commission, and operationally as a Specialized People's Court under the jurisdiction of the Supreme People's Court

1st National People's Congress
The 1st National People's Congress (NPC) was in session from 1954 to 1959. It held four sessions in this period. There were 1,226 deputies to the Congress. These were the first legislative elections to take place after the founding of the People's Republic of China.
Tanabe temple ruins
The Tanabe temple ruins (田辺廃寺跡, Tanabe Haiji ato), is an archaeological site with the ruins of a Hakuhō period Buddhist temple located in the Tanabe neighborhood of the city of Kashiwara, Osaka, Japan. The name of the temple is unknown, and no structures remain, but the temple grounds were designated as a National Historic Site in 1975.

Hakuhō period
The Hakuhō period (白鳳時代, Hakuhō jidai; "white phoenix period") was an unofficial Japanese era name (年号, nengō; "year name") of Emperor Tenmu after Hakuchi and before Suchō.  The duration of this discrete non-nengō timespan lasted from 673 through 686.

The Hakuhō period is more often used as a general term which describes a wider range of years.
Hellenic National Defence General Staff
The Hellenic National Defence General Staff (Greek: Γενικό Επιτελείο Εθνικής Άμυνας, romanized: Genikó Epiteleío Ethnikī́s Ámynas, abbr. ΓΕΕΘΑ) is the senior staff of the Hellenic Armed Forces. It was established in 1950, when the separate armed services ministries were consolidated into the Ministry of National Defence. Its role in peacetime was as a coordinating and senior consultative body at the disposal of the Greek government, and in wartime as the overall headquarters of the Armed Forces. In recent years, through ongoing efforts at increased inter-services cooperation and integration, the HNDGS has assumed peacetime operational control over the separate branches. Between 19 December 1968 and 10 August 1977, the HNDGS was abolished, and the Armed Forces Headquarters (Greek: Αρχηγείο Ενόπλων Δυνάμεων, romanized: Archīgeío Enóplōn Dynámeōn, abbr. Greek: ΑΕΔ) established in its place.

Hellenic Armed Forces
The Hellenic Armed Forces (Greek: Eλληνικές Ένοπλες Δυνάμεις, romanized: Ellinikés Énoples Dynámis) are the military forces of Greece. The Hellenic Armed Forces consists of the Hellenic Army, the Hellenic Navy, Hellenic Air Force and Hellenic Coast Guard.

The civilian authority overseeing the Hellenic Armed Forces is the Ministry of National Defense.
Khawaja Tariq Rahim
Khawaja Ahmad Tariq Rahim is a Pakistani politician who has served as the Governor of Punjab, Pakistan. Previously, he also had been the Federal Minister.

Born to Khawaja Abdur Rahim, a prominent civil servant and lawyer, Khawaja received his early education from Aitchison College, Lahore. He did his LLB from Punjab university Law College.

Aitchison College
Aitchison College is an elite semi-private, day and boarding school encompassing both Junior School and Secondary School for boys, located in Lahore, Pakistan. It has educated prime ministers, including but not limited to Imran Khan, Zafarullah Khan Jamali, and Feroz Khan Noon, as well as numerous presidents, lawyers, cricketers, and politicians. It is often described as the Eton of Pakistan.

Aitchison was originally formed on 2 January 1886 in then British India, as the Punjab Chiefs' College and was renamed Aitchison College on 13 November 1886. However, the inception of the college can be traced back to 1868 as the Wards School in Ambala after which it became Chiefs' College in Lahore.

It is a member of the G30 Schools of the World. Aitchison College is also the only school in Pakistan's history to be listed in the Carfax ranking of the top 125 institutions of the world.
Bahrain–Iran relations
Bilateral relations exist between the countries of Bahrain and Iran. Since the 1979 Iranian Revolution, relations between the two countries have been strained over various geopolitical issues such as the interpretations of Islam, Awakening of the Islamic world, and relations with the United States, Europe, and other Western countries. In addition, Iran has been severely critical of Bahrain for hosting the United States Fifth Fleet within the Persian Gulf at the Naval Support Activity Bahrain base.

After the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran were ransacked by Iranian protesters following the execution of Nimr al-Nimr, Bahrain followed Saudi Arabia's decision by severing diplomatic relations with Iran on 4 January 2016. On 16 April 2019, a court in Bahrain sentenced 139 people to prison for forming terrorist groups backed by Iran. A total of 169 were arrested.

Isa Qassim
Grand Ayatollah Sheikh Isa Ahmed Qassim (Arabic: آية الله الشيخ عيسى أحمد قاسم) is Bahrain's leading Shia cleric and a politician. He is the spiritual leader of Al Wefaq, Bahrain's biggest opposition society. He is the founder and leader of the Islamic Enlightenment Institution.
Land of the Lost (soundtrack)
Land of the Lost (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the film score composed by Michael Giacchino to the 2009 film Land of the Lost directed by Brad Silberling which was loosely based on Sid and Marty Krofft's television series of the same name. The film stars Will Ferrell, Danny McBride, Anna Friel, and Jorma Taccone. The film's original score is composed by Michael Giacchino and the 32-track score album was released through Varèse Sarabande on June 9, 2009.

Land of the Lost (film)
Land of the Lost is a 2009 American science fiction adventure comedy film loosely based on Sid and Marty Krofft's television series of the same name. It was directed by Brad Silberling, and written by Chris Henchy and Dennis McNicholas. The ensemble cast includes Will Ferrell, Danny McBride, Anna Friel, and Jorma Taccone. The film follows a disgraced scientist, his assistant, and a theme park owner who get sucked into a space-time vortex and find themselves surviving in an alternate dimension.

The film was theatrically released on June 5, 2009, by Universal Pictures. It received negative reviews from critics and grossed $68.8 million. The film received seven Golden Raspberry Award nominations, including Worst Picture, winning Worst Prequel, Remake, Rip-off or Sequel.
Clinical officer
A clinical officer (CO) is a licensed practitioner of medicine in East Africa and parts of Southern Africa who is trained and authorized to perform general or specialized medical duties such as diagnosis and treatment of disease and injury, ordering and interpreting medical tests, performing routine medical and surgical procedures, and referring patients to other practitioners.

Unlike nurses and physician assistants, a clinical officer is an independent practitioner who is trained in the medical model to practice the full scope of medicine and provides routine care in general medicine or within a medical specialty such as anesthesia and carries out treatment that is outside the nurses' scope. A clinical officer usually oversees a health center or a district hospital and is part of the medical team in bigger hospitals where one may head a department or work under a senior clinical officer or a physician.

Physical examination
In a physical examination, medical examination, clinical examination, or medical checkup, a medical practitioner examines a patient for any possible medical signs or symptoms of a medical condition. It generally consists of a series of questions about the patient's medical history followed by an examination based on the reported symptoms. Together, the medical history and the physical examination help to determine a diagnosis and devise the treatment plan. These data then become part of the medical record.
We Go Up (NCT Dream song)
"We Go Up" is a song recorded by South Korean boy band NCT Dream, the youth-oriented unit of the group NCT under the management of SM Entertainment, as the lead single for their third homonymous extended play. It was digitally released by SM Entertainment, with Dreamus as the South Korea distributor, along with its music video on August 30, 2018.

Bazzi (singer)
Andrew Bazzi (/ˈbɑːzi/; BAH-zee born August 28, 1997), known mononymously by his surname Bazzi, is an American singer-songwriter. His song "Mine", released in October 2017, gained popularity in early 2018 when it became a meme through Musical.ly edits, and the use of a Snapchat lens filter featuring the song. It peaked at number 11 on the US Billboard Hot 100, and appeared on several international charts. He released his debut studio album Cosmic in 2018, which peaked at number 14 on the Billboard 200 chart.
Miss Philippines Earth 2002
Miss Philippines Earth 2002 (also called Miss Philippines 2002) was the second edition of the Miss Philippines Earth pageant. It was held on May 12, 2002 at the UP Theater , University of the Philippines in Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines.

The event was broadcast by ABS-CBN Network in the Philippines and The Filipino Channel internationally. Carlene Aguilar crowned her successor April Ross Perez as Miss Philippines 2002 at the conclusion of the event. Perez won against 23 other women and represented the Philippines at Miss Earth .

Miss Philippines Earth
Miss Philippines Earth (2004–2017, 2019–present), originally titled Miss Philippines (2001–2003) then Miss Earth Philippines (2018), is a national beauty pageant held annually in search of "the most beautiful and environmentally-conscious and aware woman" in the Philippines.

The grand winner of the pageant represents the Philippines in Miss Earth, one of the Big Four international beauty pageants – the most coveted beauty titles among all the international pageant competitions.

The current titleholder is Joy Barcoma of Bacoor, Cavite who was crowned on August 10, 2025 in Okada Manila, Pasay, Metro Manila. The elemental queens are, namely, Maria Flordeliz Mabao (Miss Philippines Air), Angel Rose Tambal (Miss Philippines Water), Jaymie Strickland (Miss Philippines Fire) and Kriezl Jane Torres (Miss Philippines Eco-tourism).
Michael Musto
Michael Musto (born December 3, 1955) is an American journalist who has long been a prevalent presence in entertainment-related publications, as well as on websites and television shows. He is best known as a columnist for The Village Voice, where he wrote the La Dolce Musto column of gossip, nightlife, reviews, interviews, and political observations for almost three decades, starting in 1984. In 2021, he started writing articles about nightlife, movies, theater, NYC, and LGBTQ politics for the revived Village Voice, which returned as a print publication, with accompanying website, and now is web only.

His books are Downtown and Manhattan on the Rocks, as well as a compilation of selected columns published as La Dolce Musto: Writings By The World's Most Outrageous Columnist and a subsequent collection, Fork on the Left, Knife in the Back.

Logo TV
Logo TV (often shortened to Logo) is an American basic cable channel owned by Paramount Media Networks, a division of Paramount Skydance Corporation. Launched in 2005, Logo was originally dedicated to lifestyle and entertainment programming targeting LGBTQ+ audiences. It replaced VH1 MegaHits in the United States.

The channel's availability peaked at 53.2 million US households in September 2013, but its cable and satellite carriage has steadily declined thereafter, decreasing to 21.7 million households by December 2023.
Natsuna Watanabe
Natsuna Watanabe (渡辺 夏菜, Watanabe Natsuna; born May 23, 1989), better known as just Natsuna (夏菜, Natsuna), is a Japanese actress.

She was born in Saitama Prefecture. When she graduated from high-school she decided to focus her career entirely on acting.
As of 2009, she shortened her stage name and is now simply going by "Natsuna" (夏菜). In 2012, she landed the coveted lead role in the NHK Asadora Jun to Ai after an audition of over 2250 actors.

Gantz (film series)
Gantz is a Japanese series of live-action action horror science fiction films. The Gantz series is based on Hiroya Oku's manga series, Gantz. The films are titled Gantz, the sequel Gantz: Perfect Answer, and a made-for-TV movie titled Another Gantz.

The first film, starring Kazunari Ninomiya and Kenichi Matsuyama, follows two high school students who die and are transported to an alternate world. In this alternate reality, a black sphere gives them a mission to kill aliens.
European Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Women's vault
The vault event at the European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships was first held in 1957.

Three medals are awarded: gold for first place, silver for second place, and bronze for third place. Tie breakers have not been used in every year. In the event of a tie between two gymnasts, both names are listed, and the following position (second for a tie for first, third for a tie for second) is left empty because a medal was not awarded for that position. If three gymnastics tied for a position, the following two positions are left empty.

Giulia Steingruber, with three golds, one silver, and one bronze, holds the records for most gold medals and most total medals in this event.

European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The European Women's Gymnastics Championships are an artistic  championships for female gymnasts from European countries organised by the European Union of Gymnastics. They are held annually, though rotate between two different formats.