hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1975 New Zealand Grand Prix
The 1975 New Zealand Grand Prix was a race held at the Pukekohe Park Raceway on 12 January 1975.  The race had 20 starters.

It was the 21st New Zealand Grand Prix, and doubled as the second round of the 1975 Tasman Series.  Australian Warwick Brown won his first NZGP in his Lola T332 with a dominant performance where he lapped the entire field in the 58-lap race. The rest of the podium was completed by New Zealanders Jim Murdoch and Graeme Lawrence.

Pukekohe Park Raceway
Pukekohe Park Raceway was a former car racing track that was situated on the outside of the Pukekohe Park Thoroughbred Racetrack, located in the surrounds of Pukekohe.

The Raceway was opened in 1963 as a permanent track, replacing Ardmore Aerodrome as the host circuit of the New Zealand Grand Prix. The car Raceway was designed around the horse racing track that has been hosting thoroughbred races since 1920.

The New Zealand Grand Prix was held at Pukekohe Park Raceway on 29 occasions, the first being in 1963, and the last in 2000.

Pukekohe Park Raceway's Grade 3 licence expired 1 August 2022. The owner of the grounds Auckland Thoroughbred Racing (ATR) announced that it would cease hosting motorsport events on 3 April 2023, citing a desire to focus on its horse racing events and club facilities.
Evolution of cognition
The evolution of cognition is the process by which life on Earth has gone from organisms with little to no cognitive function to a greatly varying display of cognitive function that we see in organisms today. Animal cognition is largely studied by observing behavior, which makes studying extinct species difficult. The definition of cognition varies by discipline; psychologists tend to define cognition by human behaviors, while ethologists have widely varying definitions. Ethological definitions of cognition range from only considering cognition in animals to be behaviors exhibited in humans, while others consider any action involving a nervous system to be cognitive.

Cognitive skill
Cognitive skills are skills of the mind, as opposed to other types of skills such as motor skills, social skills or life skills. Cognitive skills include literacy, self-reflection, logical reasoning, abstract thinking, critical thinking, introspection and mental arithmetic. Cognitive skills vary in processing complexity, and can range from more fundamental processes such as perception and various memory functions, to more sophisticated processes such as decision making, problem solving and metacognition.
Mot Dag
Mot Dag (Norwegian: [ˈmuːt ˈdɑːɡ], 'Towards Day') was a Norwegian political group. The group was active from the 1920s to the early 1930s and was first affiliated with the Labour Party until 1925. After World War II, many of its former members were leaders in Norwegian politics and cultural activities.

Politics of Norway
The politics of Norway take place in the framework of a parliamentary, representative democratic constitutional monarchy. Executive power is exercised by the Council of State, the cabinet, led by the Prime Minister of Norway. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the legislature, the Storting, elected within a multi-party system. The judiciary is independent of the executive branch and the legislature.

The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Norway a "full democracy" in 2022.  According to the V-Dem Democracy indices Norway was 2023 the second most electoral democratic country in the world. Reporters Without Borders ranked Norway 1st in the world in the 2024 Press Freedom Index. Freedom House's 2020 Freedom in the World report classified Norway as "free", scoring maximum points in the categories of "political rights" and "civil liberties".
Toramana of Kashmir
Toramana of Kashmir (Gupta script:  Śrī Toramāṇa, "Lord Toramana"), was a ruler of Kashmir in the 6-7th century CE. This ruler has often been called "Toramana II" in numismatic studies, but this name now tends to be used for an earlier Alchon Hun ruler of Kabulistan: Toramana II.

Karkota dynasty
The Karkota dynasty (c. 625 − 855 CE) ruled over the Kashmir valley and some northern parts of the Indian subcontinent during 7th and 8th centuries. Their rule saw a period of political expansion, economic prosperity and emergence of Kashmir as a centre of culture and scholarship.

The Karkota rulers constructed several shrines to Vishnu in their dominions. They however also allowed Buddhism to flourish under them. Stupa, Chaitya and Vihara can be found in the ruins of their capital. Martand Sun Temple in the Anantnag district was built by Lalitaditya. It is the oldest known Sun temple in India and was also one of the biggest temple complexes at the time.

Avanti Varman ascended the throne of Kashmir in 855, establishing the Utpala dynasty and ending the rule of Karkota dynasty.
Harvey M. Davey House
The Harvey M. Davey House is a historic house in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. It was built in 1908 for Harvey M. Davey, a general contractor who oversaw the construction of many buildings in the area. According to historian Nancy F. Renk, "The Davey house remains significant today because it has been changed so little over the years." It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since May 23, 1985.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Kootenai County, Idaho
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Kootenai County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Kootenai County, Idaho, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 45 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark. More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted May 23, 2025.
Uropeltis nitida
Common names: southern earth snake, Cochin shieldtail.

Uropeltis nitida is a species of nonvenomous shieldtail snake (family Uropeltidae). The species is endemic to southern India. There are no subspecies that are recognized as being valid.

Uropeltidae
The Uropeltidae, also commonly known as shield-tail snakes, shield-tailed snakes or earth snakes, are a family of primitive, nonvenomous, burrowing snakes native to Peninsular India and Sri Lanka. The name is derived from the Greek words ura ('tail') and pelte ('shield'), indicating the presence of the large keratinous shield at the tip of the tail. Seven or eight genera are recognized, depending on whether Teretrurus rhodogaster is treated in its own genus or as part of Brachyophidium. The family comprises over 50 species. These snakes are not well known in terms of their diversity, biology, and natural history.
Surface of general type
In algebraic geometry, a surface of general type is an algebraic surface with Kodaira dimension 2. Because of Chow's theorem any compact complex manifold of dimension 2 and with Kodaira dimension 2 will actually be an algebraic surface, and in some sense most surfaces are in this class.

Kodaira dimension
In algebraic geometry, the Kodaira dimension κ(X) measures the size of the canonical model of a projective variety X.

Soviet mathematician Igor Shafarevich in a seminar introduced an important numerical invariant of surfaces with the notation κ. Japanese mathematician Shigeru Iitaka extended it and defined the Kodaira dimension for higher dimensional varieties (under the name of canonical dimension), and later named it after Kunihiko Kodaira.
Timeline of Earth
This timeline of Earth's history summarizes significant geological and biological events from the formation of the Earth to the arrival of modern humans. Times are listed in millions of years, or megaanni (Ma).

Pilbara Craton
The Pilbara Craton is an old and stable part of the continental lithosphere located in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.

The Pilbara Craton is one of only two pristine Archaean 3.8–2.7 Ga (billion years ago) crusts identified on the Earth, along with the Kaapvaal Craton in South Africa. The youngest rocks are 1.7 Ga old in the historic area assigned to the Craton. Both locations may have once been part of the Vaalbara supercontinent or the continent of Ur.

There are two subregional geographical classification regimes used, being:

The Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia based upon interacting geo-ecosystems

Based on geology alone where the eastern continuous oldest portion is called the Eastern Pilbara Craton and younger surface lithologies within the larger craton have different names.
NK Kiseljak
NK Kiseljak is a Croat-founded football team from the city of Kiseljak, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The club plays in the Second League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (West Group). It was formed in 1921 under the name Viktorija, taking on the current name in 1945.

The club plays at the Croatian Defenders Stadium (Croatian: Stadion hrvatskih branitelja) which has a capacity of approximately 3000. While currently in a lower division, NK Kiseljak previously played in the First Federation league and the Premier League.

First League of Herzeg-Bosnia
The First League of Herzeg-Bosnia (Croatian: Prva liga Herceg-Bosne) served as the top football league in Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia during the Bosnian War and post-war periods of the 1990s. During these years, football was divided along ethnic lines, with the Croat, Bosniak and Serb populations each running their own league. Because Bosniaks were the only group interested in a distinctly Bosnian-Herzegovinian league and national team, only their league was recognized by the Football Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The league formed in 1993. In the 1997/1998 season, the top Croat teams began facing the top Bosniak teams for entrance to UEFA tournaments, something that had been denied the Herzeg-Bosnia league on its own. This setup lasted until the 2000/2001 season when the two leagues merged to form the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Satanfah Sor.Prateep
Attapon Noppasri (Thai: อรรถพล นพศรี; October 13, 1952 – April 15, 2021), known professionally as Satanfah Sor.Prateep (Thai: สะท้านฟ้า ส.ประทีป), was a Thai professional Muay Thai fighter. He was a one-time Lumpinee Stadium champion and a three-time Rajadamnern Stadium champion across three divisions who was famous during the 1970s and 1980s.

His most notable wins include Apidej SitHirun, Sirimongkol Luksiripat, Neth Saknarong, Buriram Suanmiskawan, Sorasak Sor.Lukbuklo, Khunpon Sakornpitak, Igari Genshuu, and Huasai Sittiboonlert.

Sirimongkol Luksiripat
Kasem Prapaisri (December 2, 1946 – December 2, 1946), known professionally as Sirimongkol Luksiripat (Thai: ศิริมงคล ลูกศิริพัฒน์), was a Thai professional Muay Thai fighter. He was a two-division Lumpinee Stadium champion who was famous during the 1970s.
Romolo Griffini
Romolo Griffini (26 May 1825 – 9 January 1888) was a Milanese physician, social reformer and patriot-activist.   He was also, at various stages in his career, a newspaper journalist-editor

Patriotic aspirations, in the context of the time and place, involved the Risorgimento goals of removing the Austrian military occupation from northern Italy and creating a political union in the region south of the Alps which might present a politically progressive and militarily more formidable counter-weight to the imperial ambitions of Austria and France.

Five Days of Milan
The Five Days of Milan (Italian: Cinque giornate di Milano [ˈtʃiŋkwe dʒorˈnaːte di miˈlaːno]) was an insurrection and a major event in the Revolutionary Year of 1848 that started the First Italian War of Independence. On 18 March, a rebellion arose in the city of Milan which in five days of street fighting drove Marshal Radetzky and his Austrian soldiers from the city.
Bucky Scribner
William Charles "Bucky" Scribner (July 11, 1960 – September 16, 2017) was an American professional football player who was a punter in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Kansas Jayhawks, twice earning second-team All-American honors.  A left-footed punter, he played five seasons for the Green Bay Packers (1983–1984) and the Minnesota Vikings (1987–1989).

He died from brain cancer on September 16, 2017.

Punter (gridiron football)
A punter in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts (kicks) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage. This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football. Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations, when they throw or run the football to get a first down instead of punting.
Pinacate Peaks
The Pinacate Peaks (Sierra Pinacate) are a group of volcanic peaks and cinder cones located mostly in the Mexican state of Sonora along the international border adjacent to the U.S. state of Arizona, surrounded by the vast sand dune field of the Gran Desierto de Altar, at the desert's southeast.

The Spanish name for the Pinacate Peaks geographic feature is the Sierra Pinacate, which is used in their homeland of Mexico.

Volcanic group
A volcanic group, depending on context, is either (1) a group of related volcanoes in the form of volcanic fields, volcanic complexes and cone clusters, or (2) a stratigraphic group consisting of volcanic strata.
Jean D'Costa
Jean Constance D'Costa (born 13 January 1937) is a Jamaican children's novelist, linguist, and professor emeritus. Her novels have been praised for their use of both Jamaican Creole and Standard English.

Culture of Jamaica
Jamaican culture consists of the religion, norms, values, and lifestyle that define the people of Jamaica. The culture is mixed, with an ethnically diverse society, stemming from a history of inhabitants beginning with the original inhabitants of Jamaica (the Taínos). The Spaniards originally brought slavery to Jamaica. Then they were overthrown by the English. Jamaica later gained emancipation on 1 August 1838, and independence from the British on 6 August 1962. Black slaves became the dominant cultural force as they suffered and resisted the harsh conditions of forced labour. After the abolition of slavery, Chinese and Indian migrants were transported to the island as indentured workers, bringing with them ideas from their country.
Icona Pop
Icona Pop (English: /aɪˈkɒnə ˈpɒp/ eye-KON-ə POP) are a Swedish synth-pop duo that formed in 2009, with electro house and indie pop music influences. Its two members, Aino Jawo (born 7 July 1986) and Caroline Hjelt (born 8 November 1987), grew up in Stockholm and created what the Swedish press has described as music which "you can both laugh and cry to at the same time". They signed to TEN Music Group in 2009 and are currently also in a label deal with Ultra Music. Their biggest hit to date has been "I Love It".

Teen Choice Awards
The Teen Choice Awards were an annual awards show that aired on the Fox television network between 1999 and 2019. The awards, based on a popularity vote that could be overridden by the producers – who reserved the right to choose the winners – covered over 250 different categories during its run, stated as honoring the year's biggest achievements in music, film, sports, television, fashion, social media, and more. Votes were submitted by viewers living in the United States, aged 13 and over, through various social media sites.

The awards show has been on an indefinite hiatus since the 2019 edition.
Luigi Pasinetti
Luigi L. Pasinetti (12 September 1930 – 31 January 2023) was an Italian economist of the post-Keynesian school. Pasinetti was considered the heir of the "Cambridge Keynesians" and a student of Piero Sraffa and Richard Kahn. Along with them, as well as Joan Robinson, he was one of the prominent members on the "Cambridge, UK" side of the Cambridge capital controversy. His contributions to economics include developing the analytical foundations of neo-Ricardian economics, including the theory of value and distribution, as well as work in the line of Kaldorian theory of growth and income distribution. He also developed the theory of structural change and economic growth, structural economic dynamics and uneven sectoral development.

Profits tax
In Hong Kong, profits tax is an income tax chargeable to business carried on in Hong Kong. Applying the territorial taxation concept, only profits sourced in Hong Kong are taxable in general. Capital gains are not taxable in Hong Kong, although it is always arguable whether an income is capital in nature.

The persons chargeable to profits tax includes corporations, partnerships, trustees, and sole proprietors.
Bushido
Bushidō (武士道; Japanese pronunciation: [bɯ.ɕiꜜ.doː]) is a samurai moral code concerning samurai attitudes, behavior, and lifestyle. Its origins date back to the Kamakura period, but the code was formalized in the Edo period (1603–1868). There are multiple types of bushido, which evolved significantly through history. Contemporary forms of bushido are still used in the social and economic organization of Japan. Bushido is also used as an overarching term for all the codes, practices, philosophies, and principles of samurai culture. It is loosely analogous to the European concept of chivalry, but with some major differences.

Nabeshima Naoshige
Nabeshima Naoshige (鍋島 直茂; April 12, 1538 – July 24, 1618) was a warlord of the Sengoku and early Edo periods and progenitor of the Nabeshima lords of the Saga Domain. 
Naoshige was the second son of Nabeshima Kiyofusa (鍋島清房). His mother was the daughter of Ryūzōji Iesumi (龍造寺家純). 
He was a vassal of the Ryūzōji clan during the Sengoku period of the 16th century.
Madrid Open (golf)
The Madrid Open was an annual men's golf tournament which was held in and around the Spanish capital Madrid from 1968 to 2007, apart from a seven-year gap from 1994 to 2000.

It was an official money event on the European Tour since the tour's first official season in 1972 until 2007. Spain was the only country other than the UK which hosted more than one event in 1972, the other tournament in the country being the Spanish Open.

The tournament has had several sponsored names over the years. In 2006 the tournament moved to a new slot and was played the same September week as the 16-man HSBC World Match Play Championship. The 2006 prize fund was €1 million, which is one of the smaller purses on the European Tour. In 2007, the event moved to October, but it was once again be an alternate event to the HSBC World Match Play Championship, which was also rescheduled. It was dropped from the 2008 schedule, with a new tournament named the Madrid Masters taking its place.

Open de España
The Open de España (formerly the Spanish Open) is the national open golf championship of Spain. It was founded in 1912 and has been part of the European Tour's schedule since the inception of the Tour in 1972. The tournament has been played in April or May, except for a five-year period in the early 1980s and since the 2019 edition, when the tournament was moved to October. In 2005, it was one of five European Tour events to be held in Spain. Former champions include Arnold Palmer, Seve Ballesteros, Bernhard Langer, Nick Faldo and Jon Rahm.

The tournament has been organized by the Royal Spanish Golf Federation. In  April 2019, a partnership between the Royal Spanish Golf Federation, the European Tour, and Madrid Trophy Promotion (MTP) was announced. This agreement meant that MTP became the organizer of the event for the next 5 years. MTP is also the organizer of the Mutua Madrid Open, a professional tennis tournament.
European Northern Observatory
The European Northern Observatory (ENO) is the name by which the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) and its observatories (the Teide Observatory on Tenerife and the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on La Palma) are collectively known. It was established in the 1990s as part of the IAC's consolidation in that decade. Its name is a word play on the successful collaboration of the member countries in the European Southern Observatory organisation.

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
The Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) is an astrophysical research institute located in the Canary Islands, Spain. It was founded in 1975 at the University of La Laguna. It operates two astronomical observatories in the Canary Islands: Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on La Palma, and Teide Observatory on Tenerife.

The current director of the IAC is Valentín Martínez Pillet, who succeeded Rafael Rebolo López on July 1, 2024. In 2016, English scientist Stephen Hawking was appointed Honorary Professor of the IAC, the first such appointment made by the institute.
2024 Beijing Declaration
The Beijing Declaration on Ending Division and Strengthening Palestinian National Unity, commonly known as the Beijing Declaration, is an agreement signed on 23 July 2024 by 14 different Palestinian factions, including Fatah and Hamas, as part of the reconciliation process between the two factions in a conflict that started in the aftermath of the 2006 Palestinian legislative elections and included the 2007 Hamas takeover of Gaza.

Battle of Gaza (2007)
The Battle of Gaza, also known as the Gaza civil war, was a brief civil war between Fatah and Hamas that took place in the Gaza Strip from 10 to 15 June 2007. It was a prominent event in the Fatah–Hamas conflict, centered on the struggle for power after the fall of the National Unity Government between Hamas and Fatah, which was dissolved shortly afterwards. This led to the de facto division of the Palestinian territories into two entities: the West Bank governed by the Palestinian National Authority (PNA), and the Gaza Strip governed by Hamas. Hamas fighters took control of the Gaza Strip, while Fatah officials were either taken as prisoners, executed, or expelled. The Palestinian Centre for Human Rights reported that at least 161 people were killed and more than 700 were wounded during the fighting.
V. Neelakandan
V. Neelakandan is an Indian politician and was a member of the 14th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Thiru. Vi. Ka Nagar constituency in Chennai District. He represented the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party.

The elections of 2016 resulted in his constituency being won by his own honesty.

14th Tamil Nadu Assembly
The Fourteenth Assembly of Tamil Nadu was constituted after the victory of All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) and allies, in the 2011 state assembly election. J. Jayalalithaa became the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu due to the election. She was sworn in as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for the third time.
Lubo (film)
Lubo is a 2023 drama film directed by Giorgio Diritti. The screenplay was written by Diritti and Fredo Valla, based on an idea by Giorgio Diritti, Fredo Valla and Tania Pedroni. It is based on Mario Cavatore's 2004 novel Il seminatore. It is an Italian and Swiss co-production.

The film was selected to compete for the Golden Lion at the 80th Venice International Film Festival, where it premiered on 7 September 2023. It was released in Italy on 9 November 2023.

Rai Cinema
Rai Cinema S.p.A. is an Italian film production company owned by RAI, the national public broadcaster of Italy. Since its inception, the company has invested nearly €1 billion in the production of over 900 films.