hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of Denver
This article details the history of the City and County of Denver, Colorado, the United States from its founding in 1858 to the present. Since the gold rush, Denver has been Colorado's gateway and major metropolis. With its location at the intersection of the plains and the mountains, its people and institutions have tied together the sections of the state and served as a point of contact between Colorado and the wider world. As the state’s political capital and largest city, Denver has been the natural center for decision-making. New programs and ideas have typically spread outward through public agencies and private organizations that have Denver headquarters.

Denver Federal Center
The Denver Federal Center, in Lakewood, Colorado, is part of the General Services Administration (GSA) and is home to about 6,200 employees of agencies of the federal government of the United States. The center encompasses an area of about 670 acres (2.7 km2) and has 90 buildings with over 4,000,000 square feet (400,000 m2) of office, warehouse, lab and special use space. There are 28 different federal agencies on-site, making it the largest concentration outside of Washington, D.C.

The major employers at the center include the United States Department of the Interior (and its Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Reclamation, and United States Geological Survey) and the GSA. Special facilities at the center include the National Ice Core Laboratory.
National Outstanding Children's Literature Award
The National Outstanding Children's Literature Award (Chinese: 全国优秀儿童文学奖) is a major literary award in China, established in 1986. It is run by the China Writers Association, and is awarded every three years in the categories of novels, picture books, poetry, essays and non-fiction.

It was one of a series of literary awards organised on a national level from 1978, typically known as "National Outstanding" prizes. In the 1950s there had been awards for theatrical works and performance, but not for fiction, poetry and the other arts.

Tang Sulan
Tang Sulan (simplified Chinese: 汤素兰; traditional Chinese: 湯素蘭; pinyin: Tāng Sùlán; born January 1965) is a Chinese writer. Although a prolific writer of novels, proses, and poems, she is best known as a children's writer, and for her fairy tales. She is also a professor with the Faculty of Arts at Hunan Normal University.
Hop-o'-Nose Knitting Mill
The Hop-o'-Nose Knitting Mill was a structure representative of the industrial history of Catskill, New York in the nineteenth century.  The mill was built by Wolfe Bros., carpenters, and Mull & Fromer, Masons and Builders, in 1881 at 130 West Main Street.  West Main Street is located on the western side of Catskill Creek, while East Main Street is on the eastern side of the creek.  The mill was named to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995 as Hop-O-Nose Knitting Mill.  It has since been demolished, with the exception of the tower, which remains overlooking a lot full of brick demolition debris.

Catskill (village), New York
Catskill is a village and county seat of Greene County, New York, United States. The population was 3,745 at the 2020 census, down from 4,081 at the 2010 census, down from 4,392 in 2000. The village is in the northeastern part of the town of Catskill.
1823 Alabama gubernatorial election
The 1823 Alabama gubernatorial election was held on August 4, 1823, to elect the governor of Alabama. Democratic-Republican incumbent Israel Pickens defeated fellow Democratic-Republican Henry H. Chambers with 55.85% of the vote. Pickens and Chambers had both contested the 1821 election as Democratic-Republicans as well.

1821 Alabama gubernatorial election
The 1821 Alabama gubernatorial election was held on August 6, 1821, to elect the third governor of Alabama. Democratic-Republican candidate Israel Pickens defeated fellow Democratic-Republican candidate Henry H. Chambers with 57.43% of the vote.
Dubitative mood
Dubitative mood (abbreviated DUB) is an epistemic grammatical mood found in some languages, that indicates that the statement is dubious, doubtful, or uncertain. It may subsist as a separate morphological category, as in Bulgarian, or else as a category of use of another form, as of the conditional mood of Italian or French:

Il a été amené à l'hôpital. "He was taken to hospital."

Il aurait été amené à l'hôpital. "He was apparently/He is said to have been/We believe he was/The information we have is that he was taken to hospital."

An example can be taken from Ojibwe, an Algonquian language of North America. Verbs in Ojibwe can be marked with a dubitative suffix, indicating that the speaker is doubtful or uncertain about what they are saying.

aakozi "he is sick"

aakozidog "he must be sick; I guess he's sick; maybe he's sick; he might be sick."

Epistemic modality
Epistemic modality is a sub-type of linguistic modality that encompasses knowledge, belief, or credence in a proposition. Epistemic modality is exemplified by the English modals may, might, must. However, it occurs cross-linguistically, encoded in a wide variety of lexical items and grammatical structures. Epistemic modality has been studied from many perspectives within linguistics and philosophy. It is one of the most studied phenomena in formal semantics.
Cris Peter
Cris Peter (June 15, 1983) is a Brazilian colorist. She works mainly in the American comics market for publishers like DC Comics and Marvel Comics. She was nominated for the Eisner Award for her colors in comic series Casanova. She also did the colors of important Brazilian comics, as Astronauta – Magnetar (with Danilo Beyruth, published by Panini Comics) and Petals (with Gustavo Borges, published by Marsupial Editora). In 2013, she published the theoretical book O Uso das Cores (The Use of Colors), by Marsupial Editora. She won the Troféu HQ Mix in 2016 and 2017, in the category "Best Colorist".

Astronauta – Magnetar
Astronauta – Magnetar (Astronaut - Magnetar) is a  2012 Brazilian graphic novel written and illustrated by Danilo Beyruth based on the character Astronauta created by Maurício de Sousa. It is the first installment in the Graphic MSP series of graphic novels based on Maurício de Sousa characters. The graphic novel had a continuation in  Astronauta - Singularidade (2014), Astronauta - Assimetria (2016), Astronauta - Entropia (2018), Astronauta - Parallax (2020) and Astronauta: Convergência (2022).
Keyshot
KeyShot (formerly Luxion, Inc.) is a 3D rendering company and developer of KeyShot Studio. KeyShot Studio is designed to create photorealistic images of 3D models quickly and easily. It is known for its intuitive user interface and real-time rendering capabilities, allowing users to see their changes immediately.

3D modeling
In 3D computer graphics, 3D modeling is the process of developing a mathematical coordinate-based representation of a surface of an object (inanimate or living) in three dimensions via specialized software by manipulating edges, vertices, and polygons in a simulated 3D space.

Three-dimensional (3D) models represent a physical body using a collection of points in 3D space, connected by various geometric entities such as triangles, lines, curved surfaces, etc. Being a collection of data (points and other information), 3D models can be created manually, algorithmically (procedural modeling), or by scanning. Their surfaces may be further defined with texture mapping.
2011–12 Football League Cup
The 2011–12 Football League Cup (known as the Carling Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 52nd season of the Football League Cup, a knock-out competition for the top 92 football clubs played in English football league system. Birmingham City were the defending champions, but were knocked out 2–0 by Manchester City in the Third Round.

Liverpool, the winner of the competition, qualified for the third qualifying round of the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League. The final was held on 26 February 2012, and was contested at Wembley Stadium between finalists Liverpool and Cardiff City. Cardiff were the first team outside the Premier League to appear in a League Cup final since 2001. It was Liverpool's first appearance at the new Wembley. Liverpool won the final 3–2 on penalties, claiming a record eighth League Cup, after the score was 2–2 after extra time.

2010–11 Premier League
The 2010–11 Premier League (known as the Barclays Premier League for sponsorship reasons) was the 19th season of the Premier League since its establishment in 1992. The 2010–11 fixtures were released on 17 June 2010 at 09:00 BST. The season began on 14 August 2010, and ended on 22 May 2011. Chelsea were the defending champions.

Manchester United secured the title with a 1–1 draw away to Blackburn Rovers on 14 May 2011.
This was their nineteenth English league title, breaking a tie with Liverpool which had stood since Manchester United won their eighteenth title in 2009. Manchester United, Chelsea, Manchester City and Arsenal all secured a berth for the 2011–12 UEFA Champions League, while Tottenham Hotspur qualified for the 2011–12 UEFA Europa League via league position.
Çevik Bir Meydanı (İzmir Metro)
Çevik Bir Meydanı is a proposed underground station on the Üçyol—Fuar İzmir Line of the İzmir Metro. It will be located beneath Menderes Avenue in Buca. Construction of the station, along with the metro line, began in 2024.

Buca
Buca (/buːdʒə/, Turkish pronunciation: [budʒa]) is a municipality and district of İzmir Province, Turkey. Its area is 178 km2, and its population is 523,193 (2024). It is the biggest district of İzmir Province as terms of population. It covers the southeastern part of the agglomeration of İzmir and the adjacent countryside.
Kosta Nađ
Konstantin "Kosta" Nađ (Hungarian: Nagy Kosztá; 13 May 1911 – 19 November 1986) was a Yugoslav Partisan army general, Hero of Socialist Labour of the Soviet Union, Hero of the Yugoslav Peoples, and a general of the post-war Yugoslav People's Army who commanded Partisan units during World War II in Yugoslavia. Before the war, Nađ fought in the Spanish Civil War.  He is considered one of the best military leaders of WWII, and led the Yugoslav 3rd and 4th Armies driving the Axis out of Yugoslavia, entered Austria and Trieste and was the highest ranked officer involved in Bleiburg Repatriations.

3rd Corps (Yugoslav Partisans)
The 3rd Corps (Serbo-Croatian Latin: treći korpus) was a Yugoslav Partisan corps that fought against the Germans, Independent State of Croatia (NDH) and Chetniks in occupied Democratic Federal Yugoslavia during World War II. It was created in November 1942 as the 1st Bosnian Corps, and underwent a name change in 1943. It grew in size until 1 January 1945 when it was subordinated to the Partisan 2nd Army. The 3rd Corps spent most of 1944 engaged in hard fighting against the 13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar (1st Croatian) in eastern Bosnia.
Gallium(III) iodide
Gallium(III) iodide  is the inorganic compound with the formula GaI3.  A yellow hygroscopic solid, it is the most common iodide of gallium.  In the chemical vapor transport method of growing crystals of gallium arsenide uses iodine as the transport agent.  In the solid state, it exists as the dimer Ga2I6, with a diborane structure. When vaporized, its forms GaI3 molecules of D3h symmetry where the Ga–I distance is 2.458 Angstroms.

Gallium triiodide can be reduced with gallium metal to give a green-colored gallium(I) iodide.  The nature of this species is unclear, but it is useful for the preparation of gallium(I) and gallium(II) compounds.

Gallium arsenide
Gallium arsenide (GaAs) is a III-V direct band gap semiconductor with a zinc blende crystal structure.

Gallium arsenide is used in the manufacture of devices such as microwave frequency integrated circuits, monolithic microwave integrated circuits, infrared light-emitting diodes, laser diodes, solar cells and optical windows.

GaAs is often used as a substrate material for the epitaxial growth of other III-V semiconductors, including indium gallium arsenide, aluminum gallium arsenide and others.
Dodge Wayfarer
The Dodge Wayfarer is an automobile produced by Dodge from February 1949 until 1952. It was discontinued without a replacement in the United States, although the Kingsway series remained available in export markets. The Wayfarer was the first true roadster built by the Big Three since the 1930s. However, the roadster concept was soon altered to the plusher Sportabout as higher comfort levels were demanded by the post-war auto buyers. 9325 roadsters and Sportabouts were built, out of a total of 217,623 Wayfarers of all bodystyles.

Roadster (car)
A roadster (also spider, spyder) is an open two-seat car with emphasis on sporting appearance or character. Initially an American term for a two-seat car with no weather protection, its usage has spread internationally and has evolved to include two-seat convertibles.

The roadster was also a style of racing car driven in United States Auto Club (USAC) Championship Racing, including the Indianapolis 500, in the 1950s and 1960s. This type of racing car was superseded by rear-mid-engine cars.
Trijang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso
The Third Trijang Rinpoche, Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso (1901–1981) was a Gelugpa Lama and a direct disciple of Pabongkhapa Déchen Nyingpo. He succeeded Ling Rinpoche as the junior tutor of the 14th Dalai Lama when the Dalai Lama was nineteen years old. He was also a lama of many Gelug lamas who taught in the West including Zong Rinpoche, Geshe Rabten, Lama Yeshe, Kelsang Gyatso, and Lama Zopa Rinpoche. Trijang Rinpoche's oral teachings were recorded by Zimey Rinpoche in a book called the Yellow Book.

Ganden Monastery
Ganden Monastery (also Gaden or Gandain) or Ganden Namgyeling or Monastery of Gahlden is one of the "great three" Gelug university monasteries located in Dagzê County, Lhasa, Tibet. The other two are Sera Monastery and Drepung Monastery. Ganden Monastery was founded in 1409 by Je Tsongkhapa Lozang-dragpa, founder of the Gelug order. The monastery was destroyed after 1959, but has since been partially rebuilt. Another monastery with the same name and tradition was established in Southern India in 1966 by Tibetan exiles.
Ishigaki City Yaeyama Museum
Ishigaki City Yaeyama Museum (石垣市立八重山博物館, Ishigaki shiritsu Yaeyama hakubutsukan) opened in 1972 in Ishigaki, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. The collection covers the archaeology, history, art, and folk traditions of Ishigaki and the Yaeyama Islands.

Ishigaki Island
Ishigaki Island (Japanese: 石垣島; Yaeyama: Ishanagï; Okinawan: Ishigachi) is a Japanese island south-west of Okinawa Hontō and the second-largest island of the Yaeyama Island group, behind Iriomote Island. It is located approximately 411 km (255 mi) south-west of Okinawa Hontō. It is within the City of Ishigaki in Okinawa Prefecture. The city functions as the business and transport center of the archipelago. The island is served by New Ishigaki Airport, the largest airport in the Yaeyamas.

Much of the island and surrounding waters including Mount Omoto and Kabira Bay are protected as part of Iriomote-Ishigaki National Park.

Ishigaki Island, like the rest of Okinawa, is culturally influenced by both Japan and Taiwan due to its location, about 300 km (186 mi) off the north eastern coast of Taiwan.
Jack Tuero
Jack Meredith Tuero (July 3, 1926 –- October 27, 2004) was an American tennis player. He is a member of the Louisiana Tennis Hall of Fame. His niece Linda Tuero was also a tennis player.

Tuero was the son of Cuban-born baseball pitcher Oscar Tuero, who played for the St. Louis Cardinals. He lived in various cities growing up as his father had stints at several minor league teams and once he moved to New Orleans he began excelling at tennis. As a 17-year-old in 1943 he made the quarter-finals of the U.S. National Championships.

A varsity tennis player for Tulane University, Tuero won all but one of his 60 conference matches and was the NCAA singles champion in 1949, coming from two sets down against Sam Match in the title decider.

Tuero, a U.S. Clay Court doubles champion, was doubles runner-up at the 1945 U.S. National Championships.

Linda Tuero
Linda Tuero (born October 21, 1950) is an American tennis player and paleoanthropologist. She won six U.S Junior Titles and three U.S. Women's Titles. She reached the quarter-finals of the French Open in 1971, and won the singles titles at the Italian Open in 1972. She represented the United States in the Wightman Cup and Federation Cup teams in 1972 and 1973 and served as the Federation Cup Captain in 1973. Tuero was ranked in the U.S. Top Ten Women Singles for four years and in 1972 was ranked No. 10 in the World.
2014 Italian Open (tennis)
The 2014 Italian Open (also known as the 2014 Rome Masters and sponsored title 2014 Internazionali BNL d'Italia) was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Foro Italico in Rome, Italy. It was the 71st edition of the Italian Open and was classified as an ATP World Tour Masters 1000 event on the 2014 ATP World Tour and a Premier 5 event on the 2014 WTA Tour. It took place from 11 to 18 May 2014.

2014 ATP World Tour
The 2014 ATP World Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2014 tennis season. The 2014 ATP World Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP World Tour Masters 1000, the ATP World Tour 500 series, the ATP World Tour 250 series, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF) and the ATP World Tour Finals. Also included in the 2014 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which is organized by the ITF and does not distribute ranking points.
Cape Mabel
Cape Mabel is a headland forming the northern tip of Pirie Peninsula on the north coast of Laurie Island, in the South Orkney Islands, Antarctica.

It was probably first seen by the British sealing expedition under James Weddell, who examined the north coast of Laurie Island in 1823. The cape was charted in 1903 by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition under William Speirs Bruce, who named it for the wife of J.H. Harvey Pirie, the surgeon-geologist to the expedition.

Pirie Peninsula
Pirie Peninsula is a narrow peninsula extending 6 km (3.7 mi) northward from the center of Laurie Island, in the South Orkney Islands of Antarctica. The peninsula was surveyed in 1903 by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition under Bruce, who named it for Dr Harvey Pirie, surgeon and geologist of the expedition.
Armant Legendre
Armant Agricole Jean Baptiste Legendre (June 17, 1899 – November 1963) was an American football player. He played at the end position for the Princeton Tigers football team and was selected International News Service, Walter Eckersall and Football World magazine as a first-team player on the 1920 College Football All-America Team.  He was picked as a second-team All-American by Walter Camp.  He also played basketball for Princeton.

After graduating from Princeton, Legendre served as the ends coach for Princeton in 1921.  He was of Creole heritage and later lived in New Orleans and worked as a coffee importer.  In May 1931, he was appointed by President Herbert Hoover to the Brazilian Coffee Commission.  His daughter Anne Armstrong was the United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1976 to 1977.

Walter Eckersall
Walter Herbert "Eckie" Eckersall (June 17, 1883 – March 24, 1930) was an American college football player, official, and sportswriter for the Chicago Tribune.

He played for the Maroons of the University of Chicago, and was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1951. Eckersall was selected as the quarterback for Walter Camp's "All-Time All-America Team" honoring the greatest college football players during the sport's formative years.  He was selected to Camp's All-American teams in 1904, 1905, and 1906.
ERPNext
ERPNext is a free and open-source integrated enterprise resource planning (ERP) software developed by an Indian software company Frappe Technologies Pvt. Ltd. It is built on the MariaDB database system using Frappe, a Python based server-side framework.

ERPNext is a generic ERP software used by manufacturers, distributors and services companies. It includes modules like accounting, CRM, sales, purchasing, website, e-commerce, point of sale, manufacturing, warehouse, project management, inventory, and services. Also, it has domain specific modules like schools, healthcare, agriculture, and non-profit.

ERPNext is an alternative to NetSuite and QAD, and similar in function to Odoo (formerly OpenERP), Tryton and Openbravo. ERPNext was included in the ERP FrontRunners List by Gartner as a Pacesetters.

Openbravo
Openbravo is a Spanish software company headquartered in Pamplona, Spain, that develops cloud-based software primarily for retail organizations.The company originally developed open-source enterprise resource planning (ERP) software for multiple industries before shifting its focus to retail solutions.
Structured cabling
In telecommunications, Structured cabling is the design and installation of a complete, standards-compliant telecommunications cabling infrastructure for building, platform, factory  or campus cabling infrastructure. It is a systematic and organized approach that involves using a set of standardized, smaller elements (hence structured) called subsystems. To create a single, flexible, and scalable infrastructure that supports multiple uses and changes.

Unlike point-to-point wiring systems, where each hardware has dedicated cabling, a structured cabling system uses a hierarchy of cabling to avoid direct cross connects.

The design and performance characteristics of structured cabling are governed by industry standards, such as ANSI/TIA-568, EN 50173, and ISO/IEC 11801 to ensure interoperability and predictable performance.

Structured cabling components include twisted pair, optical cabling, patch panels, patch cables and equipment rooms.

Fiber-optic cable
A fiber-optic cable, also known as an optical-fiber cable, is an assembly similar to an electrical cable but containing one or more optical fibers that are used to carry light. The optical fiber elements are typically individually coated with plastic layers and contained in a protective tube suitable for the environment where the cable is used. Different types of cable are used for fiber-optic communication in different applications, for example long-distance telecommunication or providing a high-speed data connection between different parts of a building.
KALQ keyboard
The KALQ keyboard (dubbed after the order the keys appear in the keyboard, analogous to QWERTY) is a keyboard layout that has been developed by researchers at the Montana Tech, University of St Andrews and the Max Planck Institute for Informatics as a split-screen keyboard for thumb-typing, which is claimed to allow a 34% increase in speed of typing for the people who use touchscreen. KALQ was released as a free app, albeit a beta, for Android-based smartphones. Although the KALQ project received some buzz in tech media, as of early 2017, the latest public version is dated October 2013, and still labelled a beta.

QWERTY
QWERTY (/ˈkwɜːrti/ KWUR-tee) is a keyboard layout for Latin-script alphabets; the name comes from the order of the first six keys on the top letter row of the keyboard: QWERTY. The design evolved for the quick typing of English on typewriters.

The QWERTY design is based on a layout included on the Sholes and Glidden typewriter sold by E. Remington and Sons from 1874. The layout became popular with the success of the Remington No. 2 of 1878 and remains in widespread use as a de facto standard on computers, as of 2026. Two prominent alternatives, Dvorak and Colemak, have been developed.  In Europe, two types of modified layouts, QWERTZ and AZERTY, are used predominantly for German and French, respectively.