hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rail transport in Wales
Rail transport in Wales began in the early 19th century initially used for industrial purposes and shortly began to be used for commercial purposes. The Beeching cuts had a significant impact on rail transport in Wales, closing a large number of railway stations. Since then some stations have reopened in Wales and following Welsh devolution, the Wales and Borders passenger rail franchise was established in 2001 and the operator was taken into public ownership by the Welsh Government in 2021.

Rail services are generally managed by the Welsh Government whilst rail infrastructure is generally the responsibility of the UK Government. Rail in Wales is mostly operated by Transport for Wales Rail. Current developments include the North Wales Metro, South Wales Metro and Swansea Bay and West Wales Metro.

Transport for Wales
Transport for Wales (TfW; Welsh: Trafnidiaeth Cymru; TrC) is a not-for-profit company owned by the Welsh Government and managed at arms length by its appointed board. TfW oversees the Transport for Wales Group (TfW Group) consisting of itself and its subsidiaries: Transport for Wales Rail, the train operator of the Wales & Borders railway franchise; Pullman Rail Limited; and TfW Innovation Services Limited, a joint venture between TfW (51%) and former operator KeolisAmey Wales (49%).

TfW contracted KeolisAmey Wales in 2018 to run using the trading name Transport for Wales Rail Services. Due to a fall in passengers caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, a Welsh-government owned company, Transport for Wales Rail Limited, took over day-to-day operations of the franchise on 7 February 2021.

The company is developing the T Network, an integrated multimodal transport network across Wales, using trains, buses, walking, wheeling and cycling.
KVMA (AM)
KVMA (630 kHz) is an AM radio station licensed to Magnolia, Arkansas. The station broadcasts a sports radio format and is owned by Noalmark Broadcasting Corporation.

On April 3, 2023, the station switched to sports with programming from Fox Sports Radio.

Magnolia, Arkansas
Magnolia, Arkansas is a city in Columbia County, Arkansas, United States, and serves as the county seat. Located in southwestern Arkansas, the city was founded in 1853 and initially developed as an agricultural market before experiencing economic growth following the discovery of oil in the region in 1938. As of the 2020 census, Magnolia had a population of 11,162. The city is home to Southern Arkansas University and hosts annual events such as the Magnolia Blossom Festival and the World Championship Steak Cookoff.
Mill Green, Essex
Mill Green is a hamlet in civil parish of Ingatestone and Fryerning, in the Brentwood district, in the English county of Essex. It is near the town of Ingatestone and the village of Fryerning. There is a wood called Millgreen Wood and a mill called Mill Green Mill.

The Viper public house at The Common, is on the Campaign for Real Ale's National Inventory of Historic Pub Interiors.

Ingatestone
Ingatestone is a village in the civil parish of Ingatestone and Fryerning in the Borough of Brentwood in Essex, England. It lies 5 miles (8 km) north-east of Brentwood and 25 miles (40 km) north-east of Charing Cross in central London. At the 2021 Census the built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics, which also includes Mountnessing, had a population of 5,410.

Ingatestone was formerly a civil parish; it was merged with Fryerning in 1889. The village is served by Ingatestone railway station on the Great Eastern Main Line railway. Ingatestone grew up along the A12, an old Roman road. The modern road now bypasses Ingatestone to the north-west. The village is surrounded by the Metropolitan Green Belt.
Brian Foley (bishop)
Brian Charles Foley (1910–1999) was an English prelate who served as the Roman Catholic Bishop of Lancaster from 1962 to 1985.

Born in Ilford, Essex on 25 May 1910, he was ordained a priest for the Diocese of Brentwood on 25 July 1937. He was appointed the Bishop of the Diocese of Lancaster by the Holy See on 26 April 1962. His consecration to the Episcopate took place on 13 June 1962, the principal consecrator was John Carmel Heenan, Archbishop of Liverpool (later Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster), and the principal co-consecrators were George Andrew Beck, Bishop of Salford (later Archbishop of Liverpool) and Bernard Patrick Wall, Bishop of Brentwood. He attended all the four sessions of the Second Vatican Council, held between in 1962 and 1965.

Bishop Foley retired on 22 May 1985 and assumed the title Bishop emeritus of Lancaster. He died on 23 December 1999, aged 89. He was the uncle of British Labour politician Chris Mullin.

Catholicism portal

Roman Catholic Bishop of Lancaster
The Bishop of Lancaster is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Lancaster in the Province of Liverpool, England.

The diocese covers an area of 2,900 km2 (1,100 sq mi) and consists of the County of Cumbria together with the Hundreds of Lonsdale, Amounderness and Fylde in the north west of Lancashire. The see is in the city of Lancaster where the bishop's seat is located at the Cathedral Church of Saint Peter.

The diocese was erected on 22 November 1924. The current bishop is the Right Reverend Paul Swarbrick, the 7th Bishop of Lancaster. He succeeded Michael Campbell, O.S.A. in 2018, who was installed on 1 May 2009 and had previously been coadjutor bishop.
Principle of homonymy
In zoology, the principle of homonymy is one of the guiding principles of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.

It states that any one name, in one particular spelling, may be used only once (within its group). This will typically be the first-published name; any later name with the same spelling (a homonym) is typically barred from being used. The principles of priority and the first reviser apply here. For family-group names the termination (which is rank-bound) is not taken into account.

In 1777 Johann Reinhold Forster published the name Echidna for a genus of moray eels. This meant that when Georges Cuvier proposed to use this name Echidna in 1797 for the spiny anteater he created a junior homonym. Later, in 1811, Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger published the name Tachyglossus, as a replacement name, or nomen novum, and this is considered to be the valid name for the spiny anteater.

Valid name (zoology)
In zoological nomenclature, the valid name of a taxon is the correct scientific name for that taxon, given a particular circumscription. The valid name must be used for that taxon, regardless of any other name that may currently be used for that taxon, or may previously have been used. A name can only be valid (or invalid) when it is an available name under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN); if a name is unavailable, then it cannot be considered either valid or invalid.

In contrast, a name which is available but not the correct name for a taxon is known as an invalid name.

There are two categories of invalid names.
1990 Arkansas Amendment 3
1990 Arkansas Amendment 3 was a ballot measure on the November 6, 1990, general election ballot to amend the Constitution of Arkansas to repeal Amendment 44, which was intended to allow the state to nullify federal integration laws. Amendment 44 had previously been overturned in 1989 by a federal court, but was still part of the state constitution. The ballot measure passed with 50.96% of the vote, repealing Amendment 44.

Arkansas General Assembly
The General Assembly of Arkansas is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Arkansas. The legislature is a bicameral body composed of the upper house Arkansas Senate with 35 members, and the lower Arkansas House of Representatives with 100 members. All 135 representatives and state senators represent an equal number of constituent districts.

The General Assembly convenes on the second Monday of every year. In odd-numbered years it may consider any bill or resolution; in even-numbered years it may only consider appropriations bills. A session lasts for 60 days unless the legislature votes to extend it. The governor of Arkansas can issue a "call" for a special session during the interims between regular sessions. The General Assembly meets at the Arkansas State Capitol in Little Rock.
2019 North Central Cardinals football team
The 2019 North Central Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented North Central College in the College Conference of Illinois and Wisconsin (CCIW) during the 2019 NCAA Division III football season. The team played its home games at Benedetti–Wehrli Stadium in Naperville, Illinois.

In their fifth year under head coach Jeff Thorne, the team compiled a 14–1 record (8–1 against conference opponents) and finished second out of ten teams in the CCIW. The team advanced to the NCAA Division III playoffs and defeated Wisconsin–Whitewater, 41–14, in the 2019 Stagg Bowl.

Senior quarterback Broc Rutter won the Gagliardi Trophy, awarded to the best player in NCAA Division III. Rutter finished just three votes ahead of Jackson Erdmann, the closest vote in the history of the award.

Benedetti–Wehrli Stadium
Benedetti–Wehrli Stadium, formerly Cardinal Stadium, is a stadium in Naperville, Illinois. It is primarily used for American football, soccer and track and field and has a seating capacity of 5,500. It was home to Chicago Fire FC of Major League Soccer from 2002 to 2003.
Hero (title)
The title of Hero is presented by various governments in recognition of acts of self-sacrifice to the state, and great achievements in combat or labor. It is originally a Soviet-type honor, and is continued by several nations including Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine. It was also awarded to cities and fortresses for collective efforts in heroic feats. Each hero receives a medal for public display, special privileges and rights for life, and the admiration and respect of the nation. Some countries without Soviet connections also award Hero honours.

Hero of the Russian Federation
Hero of the Russian Federation (Russian: Герой Российской Федерации, romanized: Geroy Rossiyskoy Federatsii, Russian pronunciation: [ɡʲɪˈroj rɐˈsʲijskəj fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨɪ]), also unofficially called Hero of Russia (Russian: Герой России, romanized: Geroy Rossii, Russian pronunciation: [ɡʲɪˈroj rɐˈsʲiɪ]), is the highest honorary title of the Russian Federation. The title has a Gold Star medal, an insignia of honour that identifies recipients.

The title is awarded to persons for "service to the Russian state and nation, usually connected with a heroic feat of valour". The title is bestowed by decree of the president of the Russian Federation. Russian citizenship or being in the service of the Russian state is not obligatory.

The title was established in 1992 and, as of 2015, was awarded more than 970 times, of which more than 440 were posthumously.
Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Men's 5000 metres T13
The T13 category is for athletes with a moderate visual impairment. Athletes in this category have a variety of visual impairments, but can typically recognize contours from a distance of 2 to 6 metres. Athletes in this category do not typically require a guide.

The Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Men's 5000 metres T13 event at the 2016 Paralympic Games took place on 15 September 2016, at the Estádio Olímpico João Havelange.

Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Athletics events at the 2016 Summer Paralympics were held in the Estádio Olímpico João Havelange in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 8 to 18 September 2016. 177 events were held across both genders where 1,100 athletes competed. The athletics programme was the largest element of the Games programme in terms of entrants and medals awarded.
Three-letter rule
In English spelling, the three-letter rule, or short-word rule, is the observation that one- and two-letter words tend to be function words such as I, at, he, if, of, or, etc. As a consequence of the rule, "content words" tend to have at least three letters. In particular, content words containing fewer than three phonemes may be augmented with letters which are phonetically redundant, such as ebb, add, egg, inn, bee, awe, buy, owe, etc. Vivian Cook says of the rule, "People who are told about it are often surprised that they were previously unaware of something so obvious."

Otto Jespersen
Jens Otto Harry Jespersen (Danish: [ˈʌtsʰo ˈjespɐsn̩]; 16 July 1860 – 30 April 1943) was a Danish linguist who worked in foreign-language pedagogy, historical phonetics, and other areas, but is best known for his description of the grammar of the English language. Steven Mithen describes him as "one of the greatest language scholars of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries."
Behringer Poly D
The Poly D is an analog synthesizer first made by Behringer in 2019. The Poly D is based largely on the Moog Minimoog, which was first produced from 1970-1981. The Poly D is the sixth such vintage synthesizer that Behringer has cloned.

Minimoog
The Minimoog is an analog synthesizer introduced by Moog Music in 1970. Designed as a more affordable, portable version of the modular Moog synthesizer, it was the first synthesizer sold in retail stores. It was first popular with progressive rock and jazz musicians and found wide use in disco, pop, rock and electronic music. In 2005, the Minimoog was inducted into the TECnology Hall of Fame.

Production of the Minimoog stopped in the early 1980s after the sale of Moog Music. In 2002, the founder, Robert Moog, regained the rights to the Moog brand, bought the company, and released an updated model, the Minimoog Voyager. In 2016 and 2022, Moog Music released newer versions of the original model.
Rakaphyllium
Rakaphyllium is a genus of stick insect described in 2022, belonging to the Phylliidae, and native to New Guinea and the Aru Islands. The two species in this genus were previously classified in the genus Phyllium until 2021 and in its former subgenus Pulchriphyllium from 2021 to 2022.

Ermanno Giglio-Tos
Ermanno Giglio-Tos (25 March 1865 – 18 August 1926) was an Italian entomologist.

Giglio-Tos was born at Chiaverano, Turin, and studied at the University of Turin from 1886 until 1896 under Michele Lessona. Later he was a professor at the University of Cagliari. He specialised in Diptera, Mantodea, Phasmatodea, Orthoptera and Blattodea. His collections are in the Turin Museum of Natural History.  He died, aged 61, in his home city of Turin.
2010 King's Cup
The 40th King's Cup finals was held in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand from 17 January until 23 January. The King's Cup is an international football competition held in Thailand. This edition featured four teams and reverted to a round robin group stage.

Sweden was initially due to take part in the competition but later withdrew, thus being replaced by North Korea, who also later withdrew. They were replaced by Singapore. The tournament was moved to the North East of Thailand for the first time as the Thai Football Association continue to promote the game around the country. Denmark and Poland, the other two invitees, were represented by the Danish League XI and Polish League XI select squads.

King's Cup (Thailand)
The King's Cup is an international football tournament held in Thailand, organised by the Football Association of Thailand. The winner of the competition is given the royal trophy by the King of Thailand. The host, Thailand, is a participant in every edition. The tournament was founded in 1968, and has been held every year since, with the exception of 1983, 1985, 2008, 2011, 2014, 2020 and 2021.

In some years, the competition has featured club or invitational teams as well as international sides. Various prominent footballers have participated in this tournament, including Aymen Hussein, Cha Bum-kun, Sunil Chhetri, Peter Schmeichel, Jesper Olsen, Brian Laudrup, Cafu, Dida, Juninho, Rivaldo, Roberto Carlos, Ronaldinho, Henrik Larsson, Kamil Glik,  Robert Lewandowski, Martin Škrtel, Martin Dúbravka, Milan Škriniar, Stanislav Lobotka, Cuco Martina and Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang. Since 2018, the King's Cup will only featured the senior national team.
Jewish Koine Greek
Jewish Koine Greek, or Jewish Hellenistic Greek, is the variety of Koine Greek or "common Attic" found in numerous Alexandrian dialect texts of Hellenistic Judaism, most notably in the Septuagint translation of the Hebrew Bible and associated literature, as well as in Greek Jewish texts from the Levant. The term is largely equivalent with Greek of the Septuagint as a cultural and literary concept rather than a linguistic category. The minor syntax and vocabulary variations in the Koine Greek of Jewish authors are not as linguistically distinctive as the later language Yevanic, or Judeo-Greek, spoken by the Romaniote Jews in Greece.

The term "Jewish Koine" is to be distinguished from the concept of a "Jewish koine" as a literary-religious—not a linguistic—concept.

Koine Greek grammar
Koine Greek grammar is a subclass of Ancient Greek grammar peculiar to the Koine Greek dialect. It includes many forms of Hellenistic era Greek, and authors such as Plutarch and Lucian, as well as many of the surviving inscriptions and papyri.

Koine texts from the background of Jewish culture and religion have distinct features not found in classically rooted writings. These texts include the Septuagint (Greek Old Testament, which includes the Deuterocanonical books), New Testament, Josephus, Philo of Alexandria, the Greek Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, and early Patristic writings.
Célio Lúcio
Célio Lúcio da Costa Quarto (born 11 February 1971), known as Célio Lúcio, is a Brazilian football manager and former player who played as a central defender. He is the current manager of Goiás' under-20 squad.

1997 Copa Libertadores
The 1997 edition of Copa Libertadores was won by Cruzeiro of Brazil, after defeating Sporting Cristal of Peru in the final. This was Cruzeiro's second title, their first being the 1976 edition.  Cruzeiro's 1997 championship is the only time any club has won the Libertadores after losing the first 3 matches in the competition.
Long Semado
Long Semado (also known as Semado, Long Semadoh or Long Semabo) is a settlement in the Lawas division of Sarawak, Malaysia. It lies approximately 654.6 kilometres (407 mi) east-north-east of the state capital Kuching.

Neighbouring settlements include:

Long Semado Nasab 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) southeast

Long Tanid 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) south

Long Kinoman 4.1 kilometres (2.5 mi) northeast

Punang Terusan 5.2 kilometres (3.2 mi) northeast

Long Lapukan 5.9 kilometres (3.7 mi) west

Long Beluyu 5.9 kilometres (3.7 mi) south

Long Karabangan 6.7 kilometres (4.2 mi) southwest

Long Lopeng 11.7 kilometres (7.3 mi) west

Long Merarap 17.1 kilometres (10.6 mi) northwest

Long Ugong 18.9 kilometres (11.7 mi) south

Long Ugong
Long Ugong is a settlement in the Lawas division of Sarawak, Malaysia. It lies approximately 649.8 kilometres (404 mi) east-north-east of the state capital Kuching.

Neighbouring settlements include:

Budok Aru 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) south

Pa Tawing 5.2 kilometres (3.2 mi) southeast

Long Nawi 7.4 kilometres (4.6 mi) south

Long Talal Buda 7.4 kilometres (4.6 mi) south

Long Ritan 9.3 kilometres (5.8 mi) south

Pa Rusa 9.3 kilometres (5.8 mi) south

Long Muda 11.1 kilometres (6.9 mi) south

Ba Kelalan 11.1 kilometres (6.9 mi) south

Long Komap 11.1 kilometres (6.9 mi) south

Long Langai 11.1 kilometres (6.9 mi) south
Neemuch
Neemuch or Nimach is a city in the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh. The town shares its northwestern border with the state of Rajasthan and is the administrative headquarters of Neemuch District. Formerly a large British cantonment of Gwalior princely state, in 1822 the town became the headquarters of the combined Rajputana–Malwa political agency and of the Malwa Agency in 1895. The British Cantonment was disbanded in 1932 after which it was maintained by a British Municipal Board.

Mandsaur
Mandsaur is a city and a municipality in Mandsaur district located on the border of Mewar and Malwa regions of Madhya Pradesh, a state in Central India. It is the administrative headquarters of Mandsaur District. The ancient Pashupatinath Temple is located in Mandsaur. Later come under Gwalior state Which was 2nd biggest state. Mandsaur is famous for its opium farming.
Denis (harpsichord makers)
The Denis family were French harpsichord makers from the mid 16th century to the beginning of the 18th century, by which time the Blanchet family had superseded them as the main harpsichord building dynasty in Paris. Members of the Denis family headed the instrument makers' guild for several generations, but only four harpsichords by members of the family have survived to modern times, and three spinets.  Several of the Denis instruments are signed in red chalk under the sound board with the makers name, place of construction and date, along with three five-pointed stars. Instruments by the Denis family were held in high regard well after their time, as witnessed by an entry in the Encyclopédie Methodique from 1785: "The best makers of ordinary harpsichords have been the Ruckers in Antwerp... and Jean Denis of Paris".

Ruckers
The Ruckers family (variants: Ruckaert, Ruckaerts, Rucqueer, Rueckers, Ruekaerts, Ruijkers, Rukkers, Rycardt) were harpsichord and virginal makers from the Southern Netherlands based in Antwerp in the 16th and 17th century. Their influence stretched well into the 18th century, and to the harpsichord revival of the 20th.

The Ruckers family contributed immeasurably to the harpsichord's technical development, pioneering the addition of a second manual; the quality of their instruments is such that the name of Ruckers is as important to early keyboard instruments as that of Stradivarius is to the violin family. In the 18th century, Ruckers instruments were often modified by French makers in a process known as ravalement, to allow for an extended range and other additions.
2013–14 Azerbaijan Premier League
The 2013–14 Azerbaijan Premier League was the 22nd season of Azerbaijan Premier League, the top tier of Azerbaijani professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1992. Neftchi Baku were the defending champions, having won the previous season.

2012–13 Azerbaijan Premier League
The 2012–13 Azerbaijan Premier League was the twenty-first season of the Premier League since its establishment in 1992. The season began on 4 August 2012 and finished on 20 May 2013. Neftchi Baku, the champions from the previous season, defended their title.
Lars Ivar Hansen
Lars Ivar Hansen (born 21 November 1947) is a Norwegian historian.

He was employed at the University of Tromsø in 1976 and took the dr.philos. degree, specializing in Sami history. He became professor in 1991. He is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.

Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (Norwegian: Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi, DNVA) is a learned society based in Oslo, Norway. Its purpose is to support the advancement of science and scholarship in Norway.