hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Parga Formation
Parga Formation (Spanish: Formación Parga) is a geological formation of sedimentary rock in south-central Chile. The sediments of the formation were deposited during the Late Oligocene and Middle Miocene epochs. The formation's lower sections are made up of conglomerate, sandstone and mudstone some of which is rich in organic material. Additionally there are thin beds of tuff and coal. The formation's composition indicates that sedimentation occurred in an estuarine (paralic) and marine environments. Stratigraphically it overlies the Bahía Mansa Metamorphic Complex and is similar in age and type to Lacui Formation to the south and Cheuquemó and Santo Domingo Formation to the north. It is overlain across an angular unconformity by Pliocene or Quaternary sediments. The formation is intruded by porphyritic trachyte of Oligocene to Miocene age (Ancud Volcanic Complex). The outcrops of the formation are restricted to a NW-SE strip near Caleta Parga north of the estuary of Maullín River.

Bahía Mansa Metamorphic Complex
The Bahía Mansa Metamorphic Complex (Spanish: Complejo Metamórfico Bahía Mansa, CMBM), also known as the Western Series, is a group of geologic formations in the Chilean Coast Range in southern Chile that have been transformed by heat and pressure (a process called metamorphism). It includes pelitic schists (layered rocks from mud or clay), metagreywackes (hardened sandy sediments altered by metamorphism), and mafic metavolcanics (dark-colored rocks from ancient ocean floors). The complex is named after Bahía Mansa, a nearby coastal bay.
Ayqer Chaman-e Sofla
Ayqer Chaman-e Sofla (Persian: ايقرچمن سفلي, also Romanized as Āyqer Chaman-e Soflá; also known as Āyqer Chaman-e Do) is a village in Mehranrud-e Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Bostanabad County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 60, in 9 families.

Mehranrud-e Jonubi Rural District
Mehranrud-e Jonubi Rural District (Persian: دهستان مهرانرود جنوبي) is in the Central District of Bostanabad County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Hajj Aqa. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Kargan-e Qadim.
Cookie Gilchrist
Carlton Chester "Cookie" Gilchrist (May 25, 1935 – January 10, 2011) was an American football fullback who played in the American Football League (AFL) and the Canadian Football League (CFL). A combined ten-time All-Star (six Canadian, four American), Gilchrist ran for over 9,000 yards in professional football and won a Grey Cup with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats and AFL championship with the Buffalo Bills. He was named the AFL Most Valuable Player with Buffalo in 1962, where he was the first 1,000-yard rusher in AFL history. He was named to the AFL All-Time Second-team.

American Football League Most Valuable Player award
The American Football League Most Valuable Player award was an award given out by the American Football League. It was determined by voters of the Associated Press, the United Press International, and The Sporting News.

During the awards ten-year existence (1960–1969), the American Football League's best player for each year was called the "Most Valuable Player" by some sports-news sources and the "Player of the Year" by others, most notably with Sporting News. Three of the ten seasons saw a split MVP. The only three-way split occurred in 1963 with Lance Alworth getting the UPI vote, Tobin Rote getting the AP vote and Clem Daniels getting the Sporting News vote. Daryle Lamonica was the only player to receive multiple AFL MVP awards in its ten-year history, being selected in 1967 and 1969. The awards by the major services are shown below.
Babatunde Fashola
Babatunde Raji Fashola CON SAN (Yoruba: Bàbátúndé Rájí Fáṣọlá (Listenⓘ); born 28 June 1963) is a Nigerian lawyer and politician who served as the federal minister of Works and Housing of Nigeria from 2019 to 2023. He was the minister of Power, Works and Housing from 2015 to 2019. He also served two terms as governor of Lagos State from 2007 to 2015.

Governor of Lagos State
The governor of Lagos State is the head of government of Lagos State in Nigeria.
The governor leads the executive branch of the Lagos State Government.
This position places its holder in leadership of the state with command authority over the state affairs. The Governor is frequently described to be the number one citizen of the state.
Article II of the Constitution of Nigeria vests the executive power of the state in the governor and charges him with the execution of state law, alongside the responsibility of appointing state executive, diplomatic, regulatory, and judicial officers subject to the approval of the Assembly members.
2014 NCAA Division II men's basketball tournament
The 2014 NCAA Division II men's basketball tournament was a single-elimination tournament involving 64 teams that was played to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division II college basketball as a culmination of the 2013–14 basketball season.

The eight regional winners met in the Elite Eight for the quarterfinal, semifinal, and championship rounds at the Ford Center in Evansville, Indiana. The championship game was played on March 29, 2014 and was aired nationally on CBS.

The Central Missouri Mules defeated the West Liberty Hilltoppers, 84–77, to win their second national championship and first since the 1984 NCAA Division II Tournament.

1984 NCAA Division II men's basketball tournament
The 1984 NCAA Division II men's basketball tournament involved 32 schools playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division II college basketball as a culmination of the 1983-4 NCAA Division II men's basketball season. It was won by Central Missouri State (now known as the University of Central Missouri) and Central Missouri State's Ron Nunnally was the Most Outstanding Player.

San Francisco State's participation in the tournament was later vacated by the NCAA.
HD 17943
HD 17943, or HR 859, is a high proper-motion star in the constellation of Eridanus. It has an apparent magnitude of 6.325. Based on parallax measurements from the Gaia spacecraft, it is at a distance of 306 light-years (94 parsecs). It belongs to spectral class A4V.

This star is incorrectly called by the Bayer designation Sigma Eridani in the 1991 edition of the Bright Star Catalogue. Bayer's Sigma Eridani is in fact non-existent; he assigned this designation to a 4th-magnitude-star near Eta Eridani, on the opposite side to Rho Eridani, but no naked-eye star is found in that position in modern star atlases.

Rho Eridani
The Bayer designation ρ Eridani (Rho Eridani, ρ Eri) is shared by three stars in the constellation Eridanus that lie in a line:

ρ1 Eridani (8 Eridani)

ρ2 Eridani (9 Eridani)

ρ3 Eridani (10 Eridani)

Johann Bode later applied ρ4 to the star HD 19349, however it was not widely adopted and disused afterwards.
Yedda
Yedda was an Israeli community-driven question-and-answer (Q&A) web service best known for its early commercial use of semantic search and vector-based similarity to match user questions with relevant answers and experts. Founded in late 2005 and launched publicly in early 2006, the platform grew through syndication partnerships before being acquired by AOL in November 2007. Yedda remained a wholly owned subsidiary and its technology was relaunched globally in 2010 under the brand AOL Answers, which for a period generated the highest volume of organic search traffic of any AOL property.

Aardvark (search engine)
Aardvark was a social search service that connected users live with friends or friends-of-friends who were able to answer their questions, also known as a knowledge market. Users submitted questions via the Aardvark website, email or instant messenger and Aardvark identified and facilitated a live chat or email conversation with one or more topic experts in the 'askers' extended social network. Aardvark was  used for asking subjective questions for which human judgment or recommendation was desired. It was also used extensively for technical support questions.  Users could also review  question and answer history and other settings on the Aardvark website.  Google acquired Aardvark for $50 million on February 11, 2010.
In September 2011, Google announced it would discontinue a number of its products, including Aardvark.
Gmina Rakszawa
Gmina Rakszawa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Łańcut County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Rakszawa, which lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north of Łańcut and 22 km (14 mi) north-east of the regional capital Rzeszów.

The gmina covers an area of 66.37 square kilometres (25.6 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,170 (7,288 in 2011).

Łańcut
Łańcut (Polish: [ˈwaj̃t͡sut], Yiddish: לאַנצוט, romanized: Lantzut; Ukrainian: Ла́ньцут, romanized: Lánʹtsut) is a town in south-eastern Poland, with 18,004 inhabitants, as of 2 June 2009. Situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (since 1999), it is the capital of Łańcut County.
The Very Best of Billy Idol: Idolize Yourself
The Very Best of Billy Idol: Idolize Yourself is a greatest hits album by the English rock singer Billy Idol, released on 24 June 2008 by Capitol Records. It features 16 of Idol's past singles, as well as two new tracks, "John Wayne" and "New Future Weapon". An additional new track, "Fractured", is available exclusively through download retailers. A deluxe CD/DVD set containing 13 music videos was also released. The compilation omitted all videos from the Cyberpunk era and all singles and videos from Devil's Playground. "John Wayne" was later re-recorded for Idol's ninth studio album Dream Into It.

Devil's Playground (album)
Devil's Playground is the sixth studio album by the English rock singer Billy Idol, released on 22 March 2005. It is his first album in over a decade, the last being 1993's Cyberpunk, and his first new songs since 2001, when he covered "Don't You (Forget About Me)" on the compilation album Greatest Hits.
2 Vulpeculae
2 Vulpeculae is a binary star system in the northern constellation of Vulpecula, located around 1,800 light years away from the Sun. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, blue-white hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.43.

2 Vulpeculae is a double-lined spectroscopic binary; as of 2002, the pair had an angular separation of 1.72″ along a position angle of 127.2°.

The primary component of the binary is a rapidly rotating Be star with a stellar classification of B1 IV. It is a variable star with an amplitude of 0.06 magnitude and a period of 0.6096 days, tentatively classified as Beta Cephei variable.  The variability was discovered in 1959, and it has been assigned the variable star designation ES Vulpeculae.

Vulpecula
Vulpecula (/vəlˈpɛkjʊlə/) is a faint constellation in the Northern Sky. Its name is Latin for "little fox", although it is commonly called simply the Fox. It was identified in the 17th century, and is located in the middle of the Summer Triangle (an asterism consisting of the bright stars Deneb, Vega, and Altair).
Charantin
Charantin is a chemical substance obtained from the Asian bitter melon (Momordica charantia), reputed to be responsible for the hypoglycaemic properties of those plants.  It was identified by Lolitkar and Rao in 1960.  It was also found in the similar African species M. foetida, by A. Olaniyi in 1975, under the name foetidin.

Charantin is actually a 1:1 mixture of two steroidal saponins, β-sitosteryl glucoside (C35H60O6) and 5,22-stigmasteryl glucoside (C35H58O6).  It is a whitish crystalline substance, neutral and tasteless, melting at 266–268 °C.  It is 
sparingly soluble in water or other highly polar solvents, as well as in apolar solvents like hexane, but is soluble in ether, ethanol and methanol, and can be efficiently extracted from the plant by pressurized ethanol or acetone at 100 °C.

The name charantin has also been used by A. Parkash and other for a different compound, a peptide with molecular mass 9.7 kDa, also isolated from bitter melon seeds.

Saponin
Saponins (Latin sapon, 'soap' + -in, 'one of') are bitter-tasting, usually toxic plant-derived secondary metabolites. They are organic chemicals that become foamy when agitated in water and have high molecular weight. They are present in a wide range of plant species throughout the bark, leaves, stems, roots and flowers but particularly in soapwort (genus Saponaria), a flowering plant, the soapbark tree (Quillaja saponaria), common corn-cockle (Agrostemma githago L.), baby's breath (Gypsophila spp.) and soybeans (Glycine max L.). They are used in soaps, medicines (e.g., drug adjuvants), fire extinguishers, dietary supplements, steroid synthesis, and in carbonated beverages (for example, being responsible for maintaining the head on root beer). Saponins are both water and fat soluble, which gives them their useful soap properties. Some examples of these chemicals are glycyrrhizin (licorice flavoring) and quillaia (alt. quillaja), a bark extract used in beverages.
Royal Air Maroc
Royal Air Maroc (RAM, French: [ʁwajal ɛːʁ maʁɔk]; Arabic: الخطوط الملكية المغربية, romanised: al-Khuṭūṭu l-Malakiyyatu l-Maghribiyyah, lit. 'Royal Moroccan [Air]Lines') is the Moroccan national carrier, as well as the country's largest airline, ranking among the largest in Africa.

RAM is wholly owned by the Moroccan Government, and has its headquarters on the grounds of Casablanca-Anfa Airport. It joined the Oneworld alliance in 2020.

From its base at Mohammed V International Airport, the carrier operates a domestic network in Morocco, scheduled international flights to Africa, Asia, Europe, and North and South America, and occasional charter flights that include Hajj services. As of November 2023, the airline serves 45 countries and 134 routes.

Lockheed L-749 Constellation
The Lockheed L-749 Constellation is the first Lockheed Constellation to regularly cross the Atlantic Ocean non-stop. Although similar in appearance to the L-649 before it, the L-749 had a larger fuel capacity, strengthened landing gear, and eventually weather radar.
Aiginio railway station
Aiginio railway station (Greek: Σιδηροδρομικός σταθμός Αιγινίου, romanized: Sidirodromikos stathmos Aiginio) is a railway station in Korinos, Central Macedonia, Greece. Located in a residential area 1.3 kilometres (0.81 mi) east of the centre of the town, it opened in 2007. It is currently served by the Thessaloniki Regional Railway (formerly the Suburban Railway).

Hellenic Train
Hellenic Train S.A., formerly TrainOSE S.A. (Greek: ΤραινΟΣΕ Α.Ε.), is a private railway company in Greece which operates passenger and freight trains on OSE lines. Hellenic Train employs train crews, operators and manages most of the rail services throughout the Greek railway network, leasing rolling stock owned by GAIAOSE except for ETR 470 trains.

The company was a subsidiary of the Hellenic Railways Organisation (OSE) until 2008, when it became an independent state-owned company until its privatisation in 2017. 
TrainOSE was acquired in September 2017 by the Italian national railway company Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane. In 2022 the company rebranded as Hellenic Train.
CMA CGM Kerguelen
CMA CGM Kerguelen is a 17,722 TEU very large UK flagged Explorer class container ship owned by the French shipping company CMA CGM. As of August 2015, it was the largest container ship in the fleet of CMA CGM. The ship is named for French-Breton naval officer and explorer Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen-Trémarec. The Captain of the Ship is Captain Lester John Miole MM.

Container ship
A container ship (also called boxship or spelled containership) is a cargo ship that carries all of its load in truck-size intermodal containers, in a technique called containerization. Container ships are a common means of commercial intermodal freight transport and now carry most seagoing non-bulk cargo.

Container ship capacity is measured in twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU). Typical loads are a mix of 20-foot (1-TEU) and 40-foot (2-TEU) ISO-standard containers, with the latter predominant.

Today, about 90% of non-bulk cargo worldwide is transported by container ships, the largest of which, from 2023 onward, can carry over 24,000 TEU.
Gavril Krastevich
Gavril Krastevich (Bulgarian: Гаврил Кръстевич; 5 April 1817 – 19 November 1898) was a Bulgarian politician and historian, and the first translator of Benjamin Franklin into Bulgarian. He was born in Kotel in 1817.

He was Governor General of Eastern Rumelia between 1884 and 1885 when it was part of the Ottoman Empire. Krastevich died in Istanbul on 16 November 1898.

Honorary member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.

Governor-general
Governor-general (plural governors-general), or governor general (plural governors general), is the title of an official, most prominently associated with the British Empire and the Commonwealth. In the context of the governors-general and former British colonies, governors-general continue to be appointed as viceroy to represent the monarch of a personal union in any sovereign state over which the monarch does not normally reign in person (non-UK Commonwealth realm). In the British Empire, governors-general were appointed on the advice of the government of the United Kingdom and were often British aristocracy, but in the mid-twentieth century they began to be appointed on the advice of the independent government of each realm and were citizens of each independent state.

Governors-general have also previously been appointed in respect of major colonial states or other territories held by either a monarchy or republic, such as Japan, Korea, Taiwan and France in Indochina.
Mai Gulan
Mai Gulan (Sindhi: مائي گلان; c. 18th century) was queen of the Kalhora dynasty of Sindh. She was the mother of Mian Ghulam Shah and wife of Noor Mohammad.

Her tomb is situated in the necropolis of her husband at a distance of 15 kilometers from Daulatpur, Nawabshah District (now Shaheed Benazirabad District), Sindh, Pakistan towards the east.  The shah built a palace for her. She built a mosque and madrasa for religious teachings near Pacco Qillo, Hyderabad, Sindh.

Kalhora dynasty
The Kalhora dynasty (Sindhi: ڪلهوڙا خاندان‎, romanized: Kalhōṛā khāndān) was a Sindhi Muslim Kalhora tribe dynasty based in the region of Sindh, present day Pakistan. The dynasty governed much of Sindh, South Punjab and parts of Kutch (present-day Gujarat, India) between 1701 and 1783 from their capital of Khudabad, before shifting to Hyderabad from 1768 onwards. They were assigned to hold authority by the Mughal Grand Vizier Mirza Ghazi Beg.
Second Baldwin ministry
Stanley Baldwin of the Conservative Party formed the second Baldwin ministry upon his reappointment as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom by King George V after the 1924 general election. His second ministry ended following the so-called "Flapper Election" of May 1929.

Leader of the House of Commons
The Leader of the House of Commons is a minister of the Crown of the Government of the United Kingdom whose main role is organising government business in the House of Commons. The Leader is always a member or attendee of the cabinet of the United Kingdom.

The House of Commons devotes approximately three-quarters of its time to debating and explaining government business, such as bills introduced by the government and ministerial statements. The Leader of the House of Commons, with the parties' chief whips ("the usual channels"), is responsible for organising government business and providing time for non-government (backbench) business to be put before the House of Commons.

The position of leader of the House of Commons is currently held by Alan Campbell, who was appointed on 5 September 2025 by Keir Starmer as a part of the cabinet reshuffle following the resignation of Angela Rayner from government.
1974 New Zealand Grand Prix
The 1974 New Zealand Grand Prix was a race held at the Wigram Airfield Circuit on 19 January 1974.  The race had 20 starters. This was the first and only New Zealand Grand Prix to be held at the Wigram Airfield Circuit, and the race was also the 1974 Lady Wigram Trophy. The race was moved to Wigram from the usual Pukekohe to be part of the Commonwealth Games being held in Christchurch.

It was the 20th New Zealand Grand Prix, 23rd Lady Wigram Trophy and doubled as the third round of the 1974 Tasman Series,   Australian John McCormack won his second NZGP in succession in his Elfin MR5 who finished ahead of Belgian Teddy Pilette and Briton Peter Gethin. The first New Zealand driver to finish was David Oxton in the Begg FM5 who came in 4th place.

1974 Tasman Series
The 1974 Tasman Series (formally the Tasman Championship for Drivers) was an international motor racing competition which commenced on 5 January and ended on 23 February 1974 after eight races. The championship, which was the eleventh Tasman Championship, was open to Racing cars complying with the Tasman Formula. The winner was awarded the Tasman Cup.

The championship was won by Peter Gethin of the United Kingdom, driving a Chevron B24 Chevrolet.
Raj Chandra Bose
Raj Chandra Bose (or Basu) (19 June 1901 – 31 October 1987) was an Indian American mathematician and statistician best known for his work in design theory, finite geometry and the theory of error-correcting codes in which the class of BCH codes is partly named after him. He also invented the notions of partial geometry, association scheme, and strongly regular graph and started a systematic study of difference sets to construct symmetric block designs. 
He was notable for his work along with S. S. Shrikhande and E. T. Parker in their disproof of the famous conjecture made by Leonhard Euler dated 1782 that for no n do there exist two mutually orthogonal Latin squares of order 4n + 2.

Latin square
In combinatorics and in experimental design, a Latin square is an n × n array filled with n different symbols, each occurring exactly once in each row and exactly once in each column.  An example of a 3×3 Latin square is

The name "Latin square" was inspired by mathematical papers by Leonhard Euler (1707–1783), who used Latin characters as symbols, but any set of symbols can be used: in the above example, the alphabetic sequence A, B, C can be replaced by the integer sequence 1, 2, 3. Euler began the general theory of Latin squares.
1971 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1971 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 83rd staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place at the Cork Convention on 31 January 1971. The championship ran from 18 April to 10 October 1971.

Muskerry entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Carbery in the quarter-finals.

The final was played on 10 October 1971 at the Athletic Grounds in Cork between Carbery and University College Cork in what was their second ever meeting in the final and the first in seven years. Carbery won the match by 3-11 to 2-08 to claim their second championship title overall and a first title in three years.

University College Cork's Brendan Lynch was the championship's top scorer with 2-17.

1970 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1970 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 82nd staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 25 January 1970. The championship began on 12 April 1970 and ended on 18 October 1970.

University College Cork entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by St. Nicholas' in a first round replay.

The final was played on 18 October 1970 at the Athletic Grounds in Cork between Muskerry and Nemo Rangers in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Muskerry won the match by 3-10 to 4-06 to claim their first ever championship title. It remains their only championship title.

Muskerry's Noel Dunne was the championship's top scorer with 1-25.