hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ylem
Ylem (/ˈiːlɛm/ or /ˈaɪləm/) is a hypothetical original substance or condensed state of matter, which became subatomic particles and elements as are understood today. The term was used by George Gamow, his student Ralph Alpher, and their associates in the late 1940s, having resuscitated it from Middle English after Alpher found it in Webster's Second dictionary, where it was defined as "the first substance from which the elements were supposed to have been formed."

In modern understanding, the "ylem" as described by Gamow was the primordial plasma, formed in baryogenesis, which underwent Big Bang nucleosynthesis and was opaque to radiation. Recombination of the charged plasma into neutral atoms made the universe transparent at the age of 380,000 years, and the radiation released is still observable as cosmic microwave background radiation.

Recombination (cosmology)
In cosmology, recombination refers to the epoch during which charged electrons and protons first became bound to form electrically neutral hydrogen atoms. Recombination occurred about 378000 years after the Big Bang (at a redshift of z = 1100). The word "recombination" is misleading, since the Big Bang theory does not posit that protons and electrons had been combined before, but the name exists for historical reasons since it was named before the Big Bang hypothesis became the primary theory of the birth of the universe.
Hunan hand syndrome
Hunan hand syndrome (also known as "chili burn") is a temporary, but very painful, cutaneous condition that commonly afflicts those who handle, prepare, or cook with fresh or roasted chili peppers. It was first described in an eponymous case report in The New England Journal of Medicine in 1981.

It occurs when the phytochemical capsaicin, which can be present in very high concentrations in certain varieties of chili peppers (especially with superhot peppers such as ghost peppers or Carolina reapers), contacts cutaneous free nerve endings which are present in high density in finger tips. This triggers the release of substance P, which in turn causes a sensation of intense burning pain. Various treatments for Hunan Hand have been described, including soaking the affected fingers in lidocaine; milk or vinegar; or the use of local nerve blocks, gabapentin, or topical corticosteroids. Hunan hand can be prevented by wearing rubber gloves when handling chili peppers.

Ghost pepper
The ghost pepper, also known as bhut jolokia (lit. 'Bhutanese pepper' or 'ghost pepper' in Assamese) or naga jolokia, is a superhot chili pepper cultivated in Northeast India.
In 2007, Guinness World Records certified that the ghost pepper was the world's hottest chili pepper, 170 times hotter than Tabasco sauce. The ghost chili is rated at more than one million Scoville Heat Units (SHUs) and far surpasses the amount of a habanero. However, the ghost chili has since been superseded by the Trinidad Scorpion Butch T pepper in 2011, the Carolina Reaper in 2013 and Pepper X in 2023.

Ghost pepper belongs to the species Capsicum chinense, but RAPD analysis indicates the presence of some genetic material from Capsicum frutescens from an introgression event, however, there is no indication that this is related to its exceptional heat.
Recoil pad
A recoil pad is a piece of rubber, foam, leather, or other soft material usually attached to the buttstock of a rifle or shotgun. Recoil pads may also be worn around the shoulder with straps, placing the soft material between the buttstock and the shoulder of the person firing the gun. The purpose of this device is to provide additional padding between the typically hard buttstock surface and the user's shoulder, to reduce the amount of felt recoil of the firearm, and to prevent slippage on the shooter's clothing while aiming.

Stock (firearms)
A gunstock or often simply stock, the back portion of which is also known as a shoulder stock, a buttstock, or simply a butt, is a part of a long gun that provides structural support, to which the barrel, action, and firing mechanism are attached.  The stock also provides a means for the shooter to firmly brace the gun and easily aim with stability by being held against the user's shoulder when shooting the gun, and helps to counter muzzle rise by transmitting recoil straight into the shooter's body.

The tiller of a crossbow is functionally the equivalent of the stock on a gun.
Publius Glitius Gallus
Publius Glitius Gallus was a Roman senator active in the late 1st century AD. He was suffect consul at some yet undetermined nundinium in the first century.

According to Pliny the Elder, a Glitius was the first husband of Vistilia, famous for having seven children by six husbands; she had a son by him, but Pliny does not provide the child's name. Ronald Syme identifies this son (born c. 15 BC) as the father of Glitius Gallus. His tombstone  was erected by his wife, Maximila Agnata, at Faleria Nova in Etruria.

Nundinium
Nundinium was a Latin word derived from the word nundinum, which referred to the cycle of days observed by the Romans. During the Roman Empire, nundinium came to mean the duration of a single consulship among several in a calendar year.
Julito Cortes
Julito Buhisan Cortes (born July 4, 1956) is a prelate of the Catholic Church in the Philippines.  He is the current Bishop of Dumaguete in Negros Oriental, Philippines since September 2013. Before his appointment to the See of Dumaguete, Cortes was the Auxiliary Bishop of Cebu from 2002 to 2013.

Dumaguete Cathedral
Saint Catherine of Alexandria Cathedral Parish, commonly known as Dumaguete Cathedral, is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Dumaguete, Negros Oriental, Philippines. The cathedral is the seat of the Diocese of Dumaguete and is considered as the island's oldest stone church, having been completed in 1776.
Grampound with Creed
Grampound with Creed (Cornish: Ponsmeur a'byth Sen Krida) is a civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The two major settlements in the parish are the ancient town of Grampound and the smaller village of Creed (Cornish: Krida). The larger settlement, Grampound, is situated approximately six miles (10 km) west of St Austell at grid reference SW 935 483, and Creed is one mile (1.6 km) south at SW 934 472.

Grampound with Creed is bordered by St Stephen-in-Brannel parish to the north, St Ewe parish to the east and Cuby parish to the south. On the west, the parish boundary generally follows the River Fal, which separates it from Probus parish. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 850.

St Ewe
St Ewe (Cornish: Lannewa) is a civil parish and village in mid-Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, which may be named after an Englished version of Saint Avoye. The village is situated approximately five miles (8 km) southwest of St Austell.
Lord Soth
Lord Soth, the Knight of the Black Rose, is a fictional character appearing in the fantasy realms of Dragonlance and later Ravenloft.  He is depicted as a death knight and fallen Knight of Solamnia from the world of Krynn.

Tracy Hickman
Tracy Raye Hickman (born November 26, 1955) is an American fantasy author and designer of games and virtual reality (VR) experiences. He co-authored the original Dragonlance novels with Margaret Weis as well as numerous other books. He also designed and created role playing game material while working for TSR and has cowritten novels with his wife, Laura Hickman. He is the author or co-author of over 60 books.
Happy Merchant
The Happy Merchant is an antisemitic caricature of a Jewish man. The image appears commonly on websites such as 4chan, Reddit, Twitter and Instagram, where it is frequently used in antisemitic contexts.

Caricature
A caricature is a rendered image showing the features of its subject in a simplified or exaggerated way through sketching, pencil strokes, or other artistic drawings (compare to: cartoon). Caricatures can be either insulting or complimentary, and can serve a political purpose, be drawn solely for entertainment, or for a combination of both. Caricatures of politicians are commonly used in newspapers and news magazines as political cartoons, while caricatures of movie stars are often found in entertainment magazines. In literature, a caricature is a distorted representation of a person in a way that exaggerates some characteristics and oversimplifies others.
Drift Creek (Siletz Bay)
Drift Creek is a tributary, about 18 miles (29 km) long, of Siletz Bay in the U.S. state of Oregon. The creek begins near Stott Mountain in the Central Oregon Coast Range in Lincoln County and follows a winding course generally west through the Siuslaw National Forest to enter the bay south of Lincoln City on the Pacific Ocean. It passes under U.S. Route 101 just before reaching the bay.

Named tributaries of Drift Creek from source to mouth are Nelson, Fowler, Barn, Smith, Sampson, Wildcat, and North creeks. Then Quarry, Odell, Bluff, Gordey, and Anderson creeks.

Central Oregon Coast Range
The Central Oregon Coast Range is the middle section of the Oregon Coast Range, in the Pacific Coast Ranges physiographic region, and located in the west-central portion of the state of Oregon, United States roughly between the Salmon River and the Umpqua River and the Willamette Valley and the Pacific Ocean. This approximately 90-mile (140 km) long mountain range contains mountains as high as 4,097 feet (1,249 m) for Marys Peak.
Portions of the range are inside the Siuslaw National Forest and three wilderness areas exist as well: Drift Creek Wilderness, Cummins Creek Wilderness and Rock Creek Wilderness.
Everbright Water
China Everbright Water Limited is a Bermuda incorporated company that specialized in wastewater treatment in mainland China. The shares of the company float in Singapore Exchange.

In 2014, Everbright International (via BVI company Everbright Water Holdings Limited) takeover a Singapore listed company HanKore Environment Tech Group Limited (Chinese: 汉科环境科技, was known as Bio-Treat Technology) by subscribing the new shares by injecting the water treatment business (Everbright Water Investments) into the proposed subsidiary for a valuation of Singapore dollar equivalent of CN¥5.8 billion.

Singapore Exchange
Singapore Exchange Limited (SGX Group) is a Singapore-based exchange conglomerate, operating equity, fixed income, currency and commodity markets. It provides a range of listing, trading, clearing, settlement, depository and data services. SGX Group is also a member of the World Federation of Exchanges and the Asian and Oceanian Stock Exchanges Federation. It is ASEAN's second largest market capitalization after Indonesia Stock Exchange at US$609.653 billion as of September 2023.
Lapshyn, Ternopil Oblast
Lapshyn (Ukrainian: Лапшин) is a village in Ternopil Raion of Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Naraiv rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Until 18 July 2020, Lapshyn belonged to Berezhany Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three. The area of Berezhany Raion was merged into Ternopil Raion.
Edward Rydz-Śmigły Marshal of Poland, was born here.

Naraiv rural hromada
Naraiv rural territorial hromada (Ukrainian: Нараївська територіальна громада, romanized: Naraivska silska terytorialna hromada) is a hromada in Ukraine, in Ternopil Raion of Ternopil Oblast. The administrative center is the village of Naraiv. Its population is 6,656 (2022 estimate) Established on 5 April 2019.
Alison R. H. Narayan
Alison Rae Hardin Narayan (born 1984) is an American chemist and the William R. Roush assistant professor in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts. Additionally, she is a research assistant professor at University of Michigan Life Sciences Institute.

Nature Chemical Biology
Nature Chemical Biology is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Nature Portfolio. It was established in June 2005 by founding Chief Editor Terry L. Sheppard as part of Nature Publishing Group. Sheppard was the Chief Editor of the journal 2004–2022. The current editor-in-chief is Russell Johnson.
Fair Park
Fair Park is a recreational and educational complex in Dallas, Texas, United States, located immediately east of downtown. The 277-acre (112 ha) area is registered as a Dallas Landmark and National Historic Landmark; many of the buildings were constructed for the Texas Centennial Exposition in 1936.

Fair Park has been designated a Great Place in America by the American Planning Association.

Dallas Area Rapid Transit
Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART) is a transit agency serving the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex of Texas. It operates buses, light rail, commuter rail, and high-occupancy vehicle lanes in Dallas and twelve of its suburbs. In 2024, the system had a ridership of 55,151,000, or about 162,900 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2025.

DART was created in 1983 to replace a municipal bus system and funded expansion of the region's transit network through a sales tax levied in member cities. DART rail began operation in 1996 and operates over 93 miles (149.7 km) of track. It was the longest light rail system in the United States until 2023, when it was surpassed by Los Angeles Metro Rail with the consolidation of the A Line.

DART jointly operates the Trinity Railway Express commuter rail line between Dallas and Fort Worth, with Trinity Metro. The agency also operates the Dallas Streetcar and provides funding for the non-profit M-Line Trolley.
Elections in Suriname
Suriname elects on the national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by an electoral college based on the parliament. The National Assembly (Nationale Assemblée) has 51 members, elected every five years by proportional representation per district. 
Suriname has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments.

Suriname held general elections in 1928, 1930, 1932, 1934, 1936, 1938, 1942, 1946, 1949, 1951, 1955, 1958, 1963, 1967, 1969, 1973, 1977, 1987, 1991, 1996, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2025.

1977 Surinamese general election
General elections were held in Suriname on 31 October 1977, the first after independence. The result was a victory for the National Party Combination (an alliance of the National Party of Suriname, the Renewed Progressive Party, the Party for National Unity and Solidarity and the Suriname Progressive People's Party), which won 22 of the 39 seats.
Ross House (San Jose, California)
The Ross House is a historic house in San Jose, California. It was built in 1878 for Lyman Ross and his son Oscar. The Rosses were fruit dealers. They owned the house until 1889. From 1900 to 1931, it belonged to William E. Keith, a surgeon. In 1949, the house was "converted to apartments."

The house was designed in the Italianate architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since October 29, 1982.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Santa Clara County, California
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Santa Clara County, California, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in an online map.

There are 120 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 6 National Historic Landmarks.  Another property was once listed but has been removed.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted December 19, 2025.
Plaka, Pieria
Plaka (Greek: Πλάκα) is a settlement of the Dio-Olympos municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was part of the municipality of Litochoro. The 2021 census recorded 194 inhabitants in the village. Plaka is a part of the community of Litochoro.

Dion-Olympos
Dion-Olympos (Greek: Δίον-Όλυμπος, Díon-Ólympos) is a municipality in the Pieria regional unit, Central Macedonia, Greece. The seat of the municipality is the town Litochoro. The municipality has an area of 495.314 km2.
Lanark United F.C.
Lanark United Football Club are a Scottish football club based in the town of Lanark, South Lanarkshire. Nicknamed the Yowes, they were formed in 1920, and play at Moor Park. They currently compete in the West of Scotland League First Division and play in blue strips with a white trim.

Lanark
Lanark (/ˈlænərk/ LAN-ərk; Scottish Gaelic: Lannraig [ˈl̪ˠaun̪ˠɾɪkʲ]; Scots: Lanrik) is a town in South Lanarkshire, Scotland, located 20 kilometres to the south-east of Hamilton. The town lies on the River Clyde, at its confluence with Mouse Water. In 2020, the town had a population of 8,880.

Lanark was a royal burgh from 1140 to 1975, and was historically the county town of Lanarkshire, though in modern times this title belongs to Hamilton. Notable landmarks nearby include New Lanark, the Corra Linn and the site of Lanark Castle.

Lanark railway station and bus interchange have frequent services to Glasgow. There is little industry in Lanark and some residents commute to work in Glasgow and Edinburgh. Its shops serve the local agricultural community and surrounding villages. There is a large modern livestock auction market on the outskirts of the town.
Commission for Social Care Inspection
The Commission for Social Care Inspection was a non-departmental public body and the single, independent inspectorate for social care in England. Its sponsor department was the Department of Health of the United Kingdom government. It incorporated the work formerly done by the Social Services Inspectorate (SSI), the SSI/Audit Commission Joint Review Team and the National Care Standards Commission (NCSC).

Audit Commission (United Kingdom)
The Audit Commission was a public corporation in the United Kingdom from 1983 to 2015. The commission's primary objective was to appoint auditors to a range of local public bodies in England, set the standards for auditors and oversee their work. The commission closed on 31 March 2015, with its functions being transferred to the voluntary, not-for-profit or private sector.

On 13 August 2010, it was leaked to the media, ahead of an official announcement, that the commission was to be scrapped. In 2009-10 the commission cost the central government £28 million to run, with the remainder of its income coming from audit fees charged to local public bodies.
Ohlman-Shannon House
The Ohlman-Shannon House is a historic house in Yankton, South Dakota. It was built in 1871 for Charles Mclntyre, who sold it to Martin P. Ohlman, Sr. in 1878. Ohlman was a real estate investor who served as the president of the American National Bank and as a director and treasurer of the Yankton Bridge and Ferry Company. The house remained in the Ohlman family until 1975, when his granddaughter, married to William
Shannon, sold it to John Harmelink. It was designed in the Italianate architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since May 28, 1976.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Yankton County, South Dakota
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Yankton County, South Dakota.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Yankton County, South Dakota, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 79 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county. Another property was once listed but has since been removed.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted September 26, 2025.
2021 World Para Athletics European Championships
The 2021 World Para Athletics European Championships was a track and field competition for athletes with a disability open to International Paralympic Committee (IPC) affiliated countries within Europe and a refugee team with one athlete. This was the 7th edition of the event. This was also the first time that the event was held in Poland. Around 670 athletes competed at the event.

World Para Athletics European Championships
The World Para Athletics European Championships (European Para Athletics Championships), known prior to 2018 as the IPC Athletics European Championships is an event organized by World Para Athletics, the international athletics federation established under the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) in 2016. Athletes with a physical disability compete, and there is also a specific category for athletes with an intellectual disability. Organised biennially, the original Games ran from 2003 to 2005 as an Open Championship but the event was frozen in 2005, but returned in 2012 in Stadskanaal, Netherlands.

The first IPC Athletics European Championships was held in Assen, Netherlands in 2003 as an Open Championship.
Achromatorida
Achromatorida is an order of non-pigmented intraerythrocytic parasitic alveolates belonging to the subclass Haemosporidiasina. The order was described by Jacques Euzéby in 1988.

The taxonomy of these organisms has been one of some controversy. Weylon in 1926 grouped many of these genera into the genus Babesia - given what is now known about these genera this was probably an error. Agreement on the organisation of these genera probably cannot be regarded as being settled.

Babesia
Babesia, also called Nuttallia, is an apicomplexan parasite that infects red blood cells and is transmitted by ticks. Originally discovered by Romanian bacteriologist Victor Babeș in 1888; over 100 species of Babesia have since been identified.

Babesia comprises more than 100 species of tick-borne parasites that infect erythrocytes (red blood cells) in many vertebrate hosts.

Babesia species infect livestock worldwide, wild and domestic vertebrate animals, and occasionally humans, where they cause the disease babesiosis. In the United States, B. microti is the most common strain of the few that have been documented to cause disease in humans.
Upper Red House, Llanvihangel-Ystern-Llewern
Upper Red House is a farmhouse in Llanvihangel-Ystern-Llewern, Monmouthshire, Wales, dating from the late 17th century. Located about one kilometre south-west of the parish church, the building remains little altered since its construction, although it underwent restoration during the 20th and 21st centuries. It is designated a Grade II* listed building.

John Newman (architectural historian)
John Arthur Newman FSA (14 December 1936 – 19 April 2023) was an English architectural historian. He was the author of several of the Pevsner Architectural Guides and was the advisory editor to the series.
Levon Hayrapetyan
Levon Hayrapetyan (Armenian: Լևոն Հայրապետյան, born 17 April 1989), also known as Levon Hairapetian, is an Armenian former professional footballer who played as a left-back.

He is the son of Olympic medal winning field hockey player Sos Hayrapetyan.

2010 Armenian Premier League
The 2010 Armenian Premier League season was the nineteenth since its establishment. The season began in March 2010 and ended in November 2010. FC Pyunik were the defending champions, having won their twelfth championship last season.