hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2014 Ukrainian Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 shootdown
On 14 June 2014, an Ilyushin Il-76 transport aircraft of the 25th Transport Aviation Brigade of the Ukrainian Air Force was shot down by forces of the Russia-backed separatists from Luhansk People's Republic while on approach to land at Luhansk International Airport, Ukraine, during the initial phase of the war in Donbas. The aircraft was carrying troops and equipment from an undisclosed location. All 49 people on board were killed.

Man-portable air-defense system
Man-portable air-defense systems (MANPADS or MPADS) are portable shoulder-launched surface-to-air missiles. They are guided weapons and are a threat to low-flying aircraft, especially helicopters and also used against low-flying cruise missiles. These short-range missiles can also be fired from vehicles, tripods, weapon platforms, and warships.
Α-Aminobutyric acid
α-Aminobutyric acid (AABA), also known as homoalanine in biochemistry, is a non-proteinogenic alpha amino acid with chemical formula C4H9NO2. The straight two carbon side chain is one carbon longer than alanine, hence the prefix homo-.  The conjugate base of α-aminobutyric acid is the carboxylate α-aminobutyrate.

Homoalanine is biosynthesized by transaminating oxobutyrate, a metabolite in isoleucine biosynthesis. It is used by nonribosomal peptide synthases. One example of a nonribosomal peptide containing homoalanine is ophthalmic acid, which was first isolated from calf lens.

α-Aminobutyric acid is one of the three isomers of aminobutyric acid. The two other are the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) which is known for inducing plant disease resistance.

This amino acid has been detected in meteorites.

GABA
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid, γ-aminobutyric acid) is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the developmentally mature mammalian central nervous system. Its principal role is reducing neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system.

GABA is sold as a dietary supplement in many countries. It has been traditionally thought that exogenous GABA (i.e., taken as a supplement) does not cross the blood–brain barrier, but data obtained from more recent research (2010s) in rats describes the notion as being unclear.

The carboxylate form of GABA is γ-aminobutyrate.
Robert Coke (King's Lynn MP)
Robert Coke (1651–1679), of Thorington, Suffolk and Holkham, Norfolk, was an English politician.

He was the only son of Richard Coke and was educated at Queens' College, Cambridge.

He was appointed Deputy Lieutenant of Norfolk from 1673 to his death and High Sheriff of Norfolk for 1676–77. In 1675 he was elected a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for King's Lynn.

He married in 1674 Lady Anne Osborne, daughter of Sir Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds. They had 2 sons and a daughter.

Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds
Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds, KG (20 February 1632 – 26 July 1712) was an English Tory statesman. During the reign of Charles II of England, he was the leading figure in the English government for roughly five years in the mid-1670s. Osborne fell out of favour due to corruption and other scandals. He was impeached and eventually imprisoned in the Tower of London for five years until James II of England acceded in 1685. In 1688, he was one of the Immortal Seven who invited William of Orange to depose James II during the Glorious Revolution. Osborne was again the leading figure in England's government for a few years in the early 1690s before dying in 1712.
Funny Cide
Funny Cide (April 20, 2000 – July 16, 2023) was an American Thoroughbred champion racehorse who won the 2003 Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes. He was the first New York-bred horse to win the Kentucky Derby. He was a popular horse and remained a fan favorite in retirement at the Kentucky Horse Park.

Pimlico Race Course
Pimlico Race Course is a thoroughbred horse racetrack in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is most famous for hosting the Preakness Stakes, the second leg of the Triple Crown. Its name is derived from the 1660s when English settlers named the area where the facility currently stands in honor of Olde Ben Pimlico's Tavern in London. The racetrack is nicknamed "Old Hilltop" after a small rise in the infield that became a favorite gathering place for thoroughbred trainers and race enthusiasts.

Pimlico was owned by the Stronach Group from 2011 until 2024, when ownership transferred to the state-run Maryland Thoroughbred Racetrack Operating Authority (MTROA). Pimlico closed for renovations in September 2024, with all of Pimlico's racing dates except for the 2025 Preakness Stakes transferred to Laurel Park until the project is completed.
Cuypers
Cuypers is a variation of the Dutch surname Kuipers and, has the same meaning as the English surname Cooper or Coopers. People with this surname include:

Alain Cuypers (born 1967), Belgian hurdler

Brigitte Cuypers (born 1955),  South African tennis player.

Eduard Cuypers (1859–1927), Dutch architect, nephew of Pierre Cuypers

Elisabeth Cuypers, Belgian chess master

Harald Cuypers (born ca. 1940), German slalom canoeist

Hugo Cuypers (born 1997), Belgian footballer

Joseph Cuypers (1861–1949), Dutch architect, son of Pierre Cuypers

Julia Cuypers (1871–1952), Belgian-Dutch stage and film actress

Leo Cuypers (1947–2017), Dutch jazz composer and pianist

Modeste Cuypers (1883–1944), Belgian fencer

Pierre Cuypers (1827–1921), Dutch architect, father of Jos Cuypers

Cooper (surname)
Cooper is a surname.

In England, it was occupational surname, that is, derived from an occupation; in this case the maker and repairer of wooden barrels, casks, vats, etc., known as  a cooper. The name evolved from the Middle English couper or cowper, which in turn derives from Middle Dutch kūper (kūp meaning "tub container").

In Scotland, the name Cooper was derived from the town of Cupar, in Fife (originating from Cu—pyre, the enclosed or high fire). In the late 19th century, the name was distributed across England, but most common in three main regions: the northern midlands; Sussex and Hampshire; and Suffolk.

Related names are the Dutch Kuiper, and the German Kupfer, Kupper, and Kuper.
Niboo
Niboo is a 1996 Maldivian drama film directed by Yoosuf Rafeeu. The film stars Rafeeu and Reeko Moosa Manik in dual roles while Niuma Mohamed and Waleedha Waleed feature in pivotal roles. It is an unofficial remake of Angoor (1982) starring Sanjeev Kumar and Deven Verma in dual roles which is a remake of another Bollywood film Do Dooni Char (1968) which itself is an adaptation of 1963 Bengali language comedy film Bhrantibilas, that is based on Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar's Bengali novel by the same name, which itself is based on Shakespeare's play The Comedy of Errors.

Dual role
A dual role (also known as a double role) is an instance of one actor playing two roles in a single production. Dual roles (or a larger number of roles for an actor) may be deliberately written into a script, or may instead be a choice made during production, often due to a low budget. In film and television, dual roles are often used for comic effect, or to depict identical twins or other relatives. In a theatrical production where more than one actor plays multiple characters, it is sometimes referred to as an "Ironman" cast.
John Holmes (actor)
John Curtis Holmes (né Estes; August 8, 1944 – March 13, 1988), better known as John C. Holmes or Johnny Wadd (after the lead character he portrayed in a series of related films), was an American pornographic film actor. Holmes ranks among the most famous and prolific adult film performers, with documented credits for at least 573 films. Holmes was known for the exceptional size of his penis, which featured heavily in his marketing.

Near the end of his life, Holmes had been charged for his reputed involvement in the Wonderland murders of July 1981. He died from complications caused by AIDS in March 1988. Holmes was the subject of several books, a lengthy essay in Rolling Stone, two feature-length documentaries and was the inspiration for two Hollywood movies: Boogie Nights (1997) and Wonderland (2003).

Penis
In many animals, a penis (/ˈpiːnɪs/; pl.: penises or penes) is the male sexual organ used to inseminate females (or hermaphrodites) during copulation. Such organs occur in both vertebrates and invertebrates, but males do not bear a penis in every animal species. Furthermore, penises are not necessarily homologous.

The term penis applies to many intromittent organs, but not to all. As an example, the intromittent organ of most Cephalopoda is the hectocotylus, a specialized arm, and male spiders use their pedipalps. Even within the Vertebrata, there are morphological variants with specific terminology, such as hemipenes.

In most species of animals in which there is an organ that might be described as a penis, it has no major function other than intromission, or at least conveying the sperm to the female, but in the placental mammals, the penis bears the distal part of the urethra, which discharges both urine during urination and semen during copulation.
GLScene
GLScene is a free OpenGL-based library for Delphi, C++ and Free Pascal. It provides visual components and objects allowing description and rendering of 3D scenes.

Development of the original library was started in 1999 by Mike Lischke and at version 0.5 the library was made Open Source and placed in the care of project administrator Eric Grange.

GLScene allows programmers to create OpenGL 3D objects at design-time using the interface shown. A wide range of objects and additional VCL controls are provided to help the programmer to build powerful 3D Delphi applications.

GLScene is supported by its user-base and comes with a number of demonstration applications and examples. Beginning with version 1.2 it also supports the C++Builder and Lazarus IDE for Free Pascal.

OpenGL
OpenGL (Open Graphics Library) is a cross-language, cross-platform application programming interface (API) for rendering 2D and 3D vector graphics. The API is typically used to interact with a graphics processing unit (GPU), to achieve hardware-accelerated rendering.

Silicon Graphics, Inc. (SGI) began developing OpenGL in 1991 and released it on June 30, 1992. It is used for a variety of applications, including computer-aided design (CAD), video games, scientific visualization, virtual reality, and flight simulation. Since 2006, OpenGL has been managed by the non-profit technology consortium Khronos Group.
CyberSlam (2000)
CyberSlam (2000) was the fifth and final CyberSlam professional wrestling event produced by Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW). The event took place on April 22, 2000 at the ECW Arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

The scheduled main event of CyberSlam saw ECW mainstay Tommy Dreamer defeat Taz to win his first ECW World Heavyweight Championship. Taz, who had signed with the World Wrestling Federation earlier that year, won the championship from Mike Awesome, who had signed with World Championship Wrestling. As Dreamer celebrated his victory, Justin Credible attacked him before challenging him to an impromptu match. Credible defeated Dreamer after Francine turned on him, ending Dreamer's title reign just a few minutes after it had begun.

Professional wrestling aerial techniques
Aerial techniques, also known as "high-flying moves" are performance techniques used in professional wrestling for simulated assault on opponents. The techniques involve jumping from the ring's posts and ropes, demonstrating the speed and agility of smaller, nimble and acrobatically inclined wrestlers, with many preferring this style instead of throwing or locking the opponent.

Aerial techniques can be challenging for wrestlers to learn since they learn to trust the other performer, the nominal opponent, to either target the jump correctly or to safely catch their fall. Due to the risk of injury caused by these high-risk moves, some promotions have banned the use of some of them.

The next list of maneuvers was made under general categories whenever possible.
Bukowa, Włoszczowa County
Bukowa [buˈkɔva] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krasocin, within Włoszczowa County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south-east of Krasocin, 18 km (11 mi) east of Włoszczowa, and 29 km (18 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.

Krasocin
Krasocin [kraˈsɔt͡ɕin] is a village in Włoszczowa County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Krasocin. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) east of Włoszczowa and 36 km (22 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.
Space-based radar
Space-based radar or spaceborne radar is a radar operating in outer space;
orbiting radar is a radar in orbit and 
Earth orbiting radar is a radar in geocentric orbit.
A number of Earth-observing satellites, such as RADARSAT, have employed synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to obtain terrain and land-cover information about the Earth.

Scatterometer
A scatterometer or diffusionmeter is a scientific instrument to measure the return of a beam of light or radar waves scattered by diffusion in a medium such as air. Diffusionmeters using visible light are found in airports or along roads to measure horizontal visibility. Radar scatterometers use radio or microwaves to determine the normalized radar cross section (σ0, "sigma zero" or "sigma naught") of a surface. They are often mounted on weather satellites to find wind speed and direction, and are used in industries to analyze the roughness of surfaces.
Mashu (band)
MASHU was a Canterbury scene improvisational supergroup that lasted from 1995 to 1998. The name is a reference to Mashu (a mountain in the Epic of Gilgamesh) and a combination of the first two letters of the band members' first names: MArk Hewins (guitar), SHyamal Maïtra (percussion), and HUgh Hopper (bass).

Hopper and Hewins had already been collaborating as a duo when they were joined by Maïtra, formerly of Gong. The band debuted in February 1995 at the Vortex Jazz Bar. A European tour followed in April 1995 from which is taken their only release, Elephants in Your Head? (1996). Saxophonist Frank van der Kooij guested on the first tour date, with saxophonists Didier Malherbe and Elton Dean guesting at a later show.

The band played a handful of shows in 1996, 1997 and 1998. Since then, Hewins and Maïtra have continued to work together on other projects.

Hugh Hopper
Hugh Colin Hopper (29 April 1945 – 7 June 2009) was a British progressive rock and jazz fusion bass guitarist. He was a prominent member of the Canterbury scene, as a member of Soft Machine and other bands.
Caldwell's view
Caldwell's view (or occipitofrontal view) is a radiographic view of the skull where the X-ray plate is perpendicular to the orbitomeatal line. The rays pass from behind the head and are angled at 15° to the radiographic plate. It is commonly used to get better view of the ethmoid and frontal sinuses.   It is named after the noted American radiologist Eugene W. Caldwell, who described it in 1907.

Orbitomeatal line
The orbitomeatal (OM) line is a positioning line used in radiography of the skull. It passes through the outer canthus of the eye and the center of the external auditory meatus. It is used for positioning the patient for different radiographic views including Water's view, Perorbital view, Lateral view, and others.
Montgomery's pair correlation conjecture
In mathematics, Montgomery's pair correlation conjecture is a conjecture made by Hugh Montgomery (1973) that the pair correlation between pairs of zeros of the Riemann zeta function (normalized to have unit average spacing) is

which, as Freeman Dyson pointed out to him, is the same as the pair correlation function of random Hermitian matrices.

Conjecture
In mathematics, a conjecture is a proposition that is proffered on a tentative basis without proof. Some conjectures, such as the Riemann hypothesis or Fermat's conjecture (now a theorem, proven in 1995 by Andrew Wiles), have shaped much of mathematical history as new areas of mathematics are developed in order to prove them.
Cumberland (1826 ship)
Cumberland was launched at Holyhead in 1826 as a steam packet. In 1839 she underwent conversion to a sail barque. In 1846 Cumberland transported Parkhurst apprentices to the Swan River Colony. She foundered on 23 October 1849 while carrying rice from Bally, Netherlands East Indies, to Hong Kong.

Packet boat
Packet boats were medium-sized boats designed mainly for domestic mail and freight transport in European countries and in North American rivers and canals. Eventually including basic passenger accommodation, they were used extensively during the 18th and 19th centuries, and had regularly scheduled services.

In the 18th century, packet boats were put into use on the Atlantic Ocean between Great Britain and its colonies, where the services were called the packet trade. In the later 19th century, steam-driven packets were used extensively in the United States on the Mississippi and Missouri rivers, servicing rivertowns such as St. Joseph, St. Paul, Galena and St. Louis and providing communication and supplies to be carried overland to more distant forts and trading posts.
Northern Norway Pharmaceutical Trust
Hospital Pharmacy of North Norway Trust (Norwegian: Sykehusapotek Nord HF, Northern Sami: Davvi Buohcceviessoapotehka) is a health trust owned by Northern Norway Regional Health Authority that operates five hospital pharmacies. It is part of the Ditt Apotek chain. Norsk Medisinaldepot is its wholesaler.

The pharmacies are located at Tromsø University Hospital and Bodø Hospital, and in Narvik, Harstad, and Hammerfest.

University Hospital of North Norway
The University Hospital of North Norway (Norwegian: Universitetssykehuset Nord-Norge) or UNN is a hospital and health trust.

UNN is a university hospital for the region  which includes the counties of Nordland, Troms and Finnmark. It is part of the Northern Norway Regional Health Authority (Norwegian: Helse Nord). Its service area has  a combined population of 465,000. Patient treatment and diagnostic investigation as well as  training and research takes place at eleven clinics. The hospital system provides local hospital services to the 110,000 inhabitants of the Tromsø area, as well as the inhabitants of southern Troms  and northern Nordland from facilities located in Harstad, Longyearbyen and Narvik.

UNN also serves the regional Emergency Medical Communication Center (Akuttmedisinsk kommunikasjonssentral) and operates a number of ambulance stations in Nordland and Troms.
Robert Brunner
Robert Brunner (born 1958) is an American industrial designer. Brunner was the Director of Industrial Design for Apple Computer from 1989 to 1996, and is a founder and current partner at Ammunition Design Group.

Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum
Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum is a design museum at the Andrew Carnegie Mansion in Manhattan, New York City, along the Upper East Side's Museum Mile. It is one of 19 Smithsonian Institution museums and one of three Smithsonian facilities located in New York City, along with the National Museum of the American Indian's George Gustav Heye Center in Bowling Green and the Archives of American Art New York Research Center in the Flatiron District. Unlike other Smithsonian museums, Cooper Hewitt charges an admissions fee. It is the only museum in the United States devoted to historical and contemporary design. Its collections and exhibitions explore design aesthetic and creativity from throughout the United States' history.
Városi Stadion (Nyíregyháza, 1958)
Városi Stadion (literally Town Stadium) was a multi-purpose stadium in Nyíregyháza, Hungary. It was used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Nyíregyháza Spartacus. The stadium was able to hold 10,500 people. In 2021, the stadium was demolished to construct a new stadium in its place with a capacity of 8,000.

Nyíregyháza
Nyíregyháza (Hungarian: [ˈɲiːrɛchaːzɒ] ⓘ, Slovak: Níreďháza [ˈɲiːrɛɟɦaːza]) is a city with county rights in northeastern Hungary and the county capital of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg. With a population of 118,001, it is the seventh-largest city in Hungary and the second largest in the Northern Great Plain region. Its development has been ongoing since the 18th century, making it the economic and cultural center of the region. Nyíregyháza Zoo, with over 500 species, is recognized throughout Europe.
Rory Gibbs
Rory Gibbs (born 3 April 1994) is a British representative rower - an Olympic and a two-time world champion. He won the 2022 and 2023 world championship titles in the British men's eight. Between 2016 and 2023 he rowed in victorious crews across six events at the Henley Royal Regatta.

World Rowing Cup
The World Rowing Cup is an international rowing competition organized by FISA (the International Rowing Federation). It began in 1997 and comprises three regattas (apart from in 2001 when there were four) held throughout early summer.  In each event points are awarded to the top seven finishing boats and an overall winner determined after the last world cup regatta each year.  During the regattas the current leader in each event must wear yellow bibs. The World Rowing Cup has only been staged outside Europe on 3 occasions, in 2001 Princeton and in both 2013 and 2014 Sydney.
Cheyenne Frontier Days
Cheyenne Frontier Days is an outdoor rodeo and western celebration in the United States, held annually since 1897 in Cheyenne, Wyoming. It bills itself as the "World's Largest Outdoor Rodeo and Western Celebration." The event, claimed to be one of the largest of its kind in the world, draws nearly 200,000 annually. Lodging fills up quickly during the peak tourist season throughout southern and eastern Wyoming, into northern Colorado and western  Nebraska. The celebration is held during the ten days centered about the last full week of July. In 2008, Cheyenne Frontier Days was inducted into the ProRodeo Hall of Fame.

National Finals Rodeo
The National Finals Rodeo (NFR) is the premier championship rodeo of the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA). It showcases the talents of the PRCA's top 15 money winners in the season for each event.

The NFR is held each year in the first full week of December, at the Thomas & Mack Center on the campus of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) in Paradise, Nevada, United States, and is aired live on The Cowboy Channel. Cowboy Christmas, a cowboy gift show, is held concurrent with the rodeo at the Las Vegas Convention Center.

Since the rodeo uses 'special dirt', the dirt is stored on the UNLV campus for use in the next NFR.
Melancholie der Engel
Melancholie der Engel (German for The Angels' Melancholia) is a 2009 German independent extreme horror film directed, shot, and edited by Marian Dora, who co-wrote the screenplay with Carsten Frank. The film stars Frank and Zenza Raggi as old friends who reunite and return to a house with a dark past.

Melancholie der Engel premiered at the Weekend of Fear Festival on 1 May 2009, and polarised critics upon release; some praised Dora's cinematography, but most condemned the film as an exploitative work showing repetitive and meaningless depravity to communicate a nihilistic message. Its depictions of sexual violence and legitimate animal cruelty have garnered widespread controversy. Despite its negative reception, it became a cult film amongst fans of extreme cinema.

Exploitation film
An exploitation film is a film that seeks commercial success by capitalizing on current trends, niche genres, or sensational content. Exploitation films often feature themes such as suggestive or explicit sex, sensational violence, drug use, nudity, gore, destruction, rebellion, mayhem, and the bizarre. While often associated with low-budget "B movies", some exploitation films have influenced popular culture, attracted critical attention, gained historical significance, and developed cult followings.