hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Achduart
Achduart (Gaelic: Achadh Dhubhaird) is a coastal hamlet in Coigach, Wester Ross in northwestern Scotland, now within the Highland council area. It is situated about 4 km southeast of the village of Achiltibuie, at the end of a minor road. A footpath continues on to the hamlet of Culnacraig, then along the coast past Ben More Coigach to Strathcanaird. 
Achduart has accommodation facilities for tourists, who come for its proximity to the sea and its seclusion and remoteness. There is a hostel in Acheninver, a short distance to the north, formerly run by the Scottish Youth Hostels Association.
The name of Achduart comes from the Gaelic for "the field at the black headland". Achduart was part of the Estate of Coigach, Lochbroom, belonging to the Countess of Cromartie.

The dominant geographical feature in the area is Cairn Conmheall, which rises to 541 metres.

Strathkanaird
Strathkanaird (also Strathcanaird) (Scottish Gaelic: Srath Chainneart) is a remote crofting township around seven miles north of Ullapool, in western Ross-shire, Scottish Highlands and is in the Scottish council area of Highland.
Howard's Plains, Tasmania
Howard's Plains is a plain just west and above the river valley location of Queenstown in Western Tasmania, Australia. It is located to the east of the Henty River catchment area.

It is the location of the junction of the Zeehan Highway and the Queenstown to Strahan road, and the Queenstown, Tasmania aerodrome.

It was not until 1934 that the road out of Queenstown up onto the plain was constructed, utilising unemployed workers.

The completion of the Penghana to Howard's Plains road led to the eventual construction of the Queenstown to Strahan road, and the road to Zeehan in the late 1930s and early 1940s.

In the southern area, it is the location of tailings dams created by the Mount Lyell remediation scheme that are situated above the Queen River.

Queenstown, Tasmania
Queenstown is a historic mining town in the West Coast region of the island of Tasmania, Australia. It is in a valley on the western slopes of Mount Owen on the West Coast Range.

At the 2021 census, Queenstown had a population of 1,808 people.
PacStar
PacStar (Pacific Star Communications, Inc.), part of Curtiss-Wright Corporation's Defense Solutions Division, is a developer and manufacturer of tactical communication and information technology infrastructure hardware and software based in Portland, Oregon. The company was founded in 2000 in Oregon as a reseller of advanced networking and communication equipment and in 2005 began manufacturing communications systems of its own design. The company has multi-million dollar deals with several branches of the US military and also supplies rugged networking equipment to commercial industries. The formerly privately held company was acquired by Curtiss-Wright in late 2020.

PM WIN-T
PM WIN-T (Project Manager Warfighter Information Network-Tactical) is a  component of Program Executive Office Command, Control and Communications-Tactical in the United States Army. PM WIN-T has been absorbed into PM Tactical Networks as Product Manager for Mission Networks.

PM WIN-T designs, acquires, fields and supports tactical networks and services for US Army Soldiers, most notably the WIN-T suite of communication technologies.
Denton, Kent
Denton is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Denton with Wootton, in the Dover district of Kent, England. In 1961 the parish had a population of 137. On 1 April 1961 the parish was abolished and merged with Wootton to form "Denton with Wootton".

The village is 7 miles (11 km) northwest from the channel port of Dover, and 30 miles (48 km) east-southeast from the county town of Maidstone. The A260 Barham to Folkestone road runs through the village, and the major A2 London to Dover road is 1 mile (1.6 km) to the east. Wootton, the other parish village, is 1 mile to the southeast.

To the southwest of the village is the Grade II* listed Jacobean timber framed Tappington (or Tappington-Everard) Hall which dates to the 16th century. The house is where the cleric Richard Barham (1788–1845), under the pen name Thomas Ingoldsby, wrote The Ingoldsby Legends.

Field Marshal Lord Kitchener was created Baron Denton, of Denton in the County of Kent, on 27 July 1914.

Barham, Kent
Barham /ˈbærəm/ ⓘ BARR-əm is a village and civil parish in the City of Canterbury district of Kent, England. Barham village is approximately 6 miles (10 km) south-east from Canterbury and 8 miles (13 km) north from Folkestone.
Forces of the Fighters of the Tribes
The Forces of the Fighters of the Tribes (Arabic: قوات مقاتلي العشائر, romanized: Quwwāt Muqātilī l-ʿAšāʾir), also known as the Tribal Army (Arabic: جيش العشائر, romanized: Jayš al-ʿAšāʾir) and the Tribal Fighters (Arabic: مقاتلي العشائر, romanized: Muqatili al-Asha'ir), was a multi-tribal militia affiliated with the Syrian Military Intelligence Directorate that took part in the Syrian Civil War on the side of the Ba'athist government. Led by Turki al Buhamad, the Fighters of the Tribes played a vital role in the Assad government's efforts to retake central and eastern Syria. The militia was affiliated with the pro-Ba'athist branch of the Arab Socialist Movement, and is closely allied with Russia.

Deir ez-Zor Governorate
Deir ez-Zor Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة دير الزور Muḥāfaẓat Dayr az-Zawr) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in eastern Syria, bordering Iraq. It has an area of 33,060 km2 (12,760 sq mi) and a population of 1,239,000 (2011 estimate). The capital is Deir ez-Zor. It is divided roughly equally from northwest to southeast by the Euphrates.
Feylinia
Feylinia is a genus of skinks (family Scincidae). It is usually placed in the monotypic subfamily Feylininae.

However, it appears to be not as distinct as formerly presumed, but rather somewhat closer to such genera as Chalcides and Sepsina. These are usually placed in the subfamily Scincinae, which seems to be paraphyletic however.

Feylinia belongs to a major clade which does not seem to include the Scincinae type genus Scincus. Thus, it will probably be eventually assigned to a new, yet-to-be-named subfamily. (Austin & Arnold 2006)

Scincinae
Scincinae is a subfamily of lizards, commonly called skinks. The systematics is at times controversial. The group may be paraphyletic. It is one of seven subfamilies of the family Scincidae, the other six being Acontinae, Egerniinae, Eugongylinae, Lygosominae, Mabuyinae, and Sphenomorphinae.
Grade I and II* listed buildings in Warrington
There are over 9,000 Grade I listed buildings and 20,000 Grade II* listed buildings in England. This page is a list of these buildings in the unitary authority of Warrington in Cheshire, including the town of Warrington and 18 other civil parishes.

Borough of Warrington
The Borough of Warrington is a unitary authority area with borough status in the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. The borough is centred around the town of Warrington, and extends out into outlying villages of Lymm and Great Sankey and the town of Birchwood.

The borough is geographically located to the north and northeast of the Cheshire West and Chester and Halton districts in Cheshire, the metropolitan borough of St Helens in Merseyside to the northwest and north and the metropolitan boroughs of Wigan and Trafford in Greater Manchester to the northeast, east, and southeast. Additionally, to the south-east, the borough borders Cheshire East. The borough is also located between the cities of Liverpool, Salford, Manchester, Chester and Preston. The district straddles the historic counties of Cheshire (the southern part of the district includes Lymm and Stockton Heath) and Lancashire (the northern part including Warrington itself and Latchford).
Radiobiology evidence for protons and HZE nuclei
Studies with protons and HZE nuclei of relative biological effectiveness for molecular, cellular, and tissue endpoints, including tumor induction, demonstrate risk from space radiation exposure. This evidence may be extrapolated to applicable chronic conditions that are found in space and from the heavy ion beams that are used at accelerators.

Relative biological effectiveness
In radiobiology, the relative biological effectiveness (often abbreviated as RBE) is the ratio of biological effectiveness of one type of ionizing radiation relative to another, given the same amount of absorbed energy. The RBE is an empirical value that varies depending on the type of ionizing radiation, the energies involved, the biological effects being considered such as cell death, and the oxygen tension of the tissues or so-called oxygen effect.
Otidae
Otidae is a taxon that includes the superorders Otidimorphae (bustards, turacos, and cuckoos) and Strisores (nightbirds, swifts, and hummingbirds). It was identified in 2014 by genome analysis. Earlier it was thought that Strisores was closely related to birds such as pigeons, flamingos, tropicbirds, and the sunbittern and kagu in the taxon Metaves, but subsequent work has provided evidence that Metaves is polyphyletic. Although analyses of genome data provided relatively high support for monophyly of Otidae, indicating that it is sister to all other Passerea clades, other analyses of large data matrices have not recovered a clade comprising Otidimorphae and Strisores, raising questions about the monophyly of Otidae.

Otidimorphae
Otidimorphae is a clade of birds that contains the orders Cuculiformes (cuckoos, and roadrunners), Musophagiformes (turacos), and Otidiformes (bustards) identified in 2014 by genome analysis. George Sangster and colleagues in 2022 named the clade uniting turacos and bustards as Musophagotides, defining it in the PhyloCode as "the least inclusive crown clade containing Otis tarda and Musophaga violacea, but not Grus grus or Mesitornis variegatus".

While the bustards seem to be related to the turacos, other genetic studies have found the cuckoos to be closer to the bustards than the turacos are.
Gmina Małkinia Górna
Gmina Małkinia Górna is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Ostrów Mazowiecka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Małkinia Górna, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) south-east of Ostrów Mazowiecka and 90 km (56 mi) north-east of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 134.08 square kilometres (51.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 12,224 (12,048 in 2013).

Ostrów Mazowiecka
Ostrów Mazowiecka ([ˈɔstruf mazɔˈvʲɛt͡ska] ⓘ; Yiddish: אָסטרעווע, romanized: Ostrova) is a town in eastern Poland with 23,486 inhabitants (2004). It is the capital of Ostrów Mazowiecka County in Masovian Voivodeship.
Edinburgh Leith
Edinburgh Leith was a burgh constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1950 to 1997. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.

There was also an earlier Leith constituency, 1918 to 1950, and a yet earlier Leith Burghs constituency, 1832 to 1918.

Leith Burghs
Leith Burghs was a district of burghs constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1832 to 1918. The constituency represented the parliamentary burghs of Leith, Musselburgh and Portobello.

In 1918 Leith was included in Leith, while Musselburgh and Portobello were merged into Edinburgh East.
San Lorenzo Nuovo
San Lorenzo Nuovo is a small town and comune in the province of Viterbo, in the Latium region of Italy. It is an agricultural center producing potatoes, olive oil, garlic, onions, cereals and grapes. A second source of revenue is tourism.

Saint Lawrence
Saint Lawrence or Laurence (Latin: Laurentius, lit. 'laurelled'; 31 December 225 – 10 August 258) was one of the seven deacons of the city of Rome under Pope Sixtus II who were martyred in the persecution of the Christians ordered by the Roman emperor Valerian in 258.
Fänggen
A Fängge (plural Fänggen) is a wood sprite or a subtype of wild women in German folklore, found in German-speaking parts of the Alpine Region into more northerly non-Alpine parts of Bavaria (Upper Palatinate).

The Fängge has been conceived of strictly as female, a hairy, ugly giantess (counterpart of the moss-grown male giant or wild man). However, the gender demarcation is vague. Also, the spirit when called by the variant name Fankerl or Waldfänken tends to be regarded as a dwarf. They are called Fankel, Fank (var. Fengge; and feminine Fanka, Fanga) in some parts of Austria where they are considered to be "wild folk" of either sex, but less monstrous.

Maid
A maid, housemaid, or maidservant is a female domestic worker. In the Victorian era, domestic service was the second-largest category of employment in England and Wales, after agricultural work. In developed Western nations, full-time maids are now typically only found in the wealthiest households. In other parts of the world (mainly within the continent of Asia), maids remain common in urban middle-class households.

Maid in Middle English meant an unmarried woman, especially a young one, or specifically a virgin.  These meanings lived on in English until recent times (and are still familiar from literature and folk music), alongside the sense of the word as a type of servant.
Jeep Wrangler (TJ)
The Jeep Wrangler (TJ) is the second generation of the Jeep Wrangler off-road and sport utility vehicle (SUV). Introduced in 1996 as a 1997 model, the TJ reintroduced the circular headlights that the classic Jeep models had been known for. For the 2004 model year, the long-wheelbase Unlimited model was introduced.

AMC straight-6 engine
The AMC straight-6 engine is a family of straight-six engines produced by American Motors Corporation (AMC) and used in passenger cars and Jeep vehicles from 1964 through 2006. Production continued after Chrysler acquired AMC in 1987.

American Motors' first inline-six engine was a legacy model initially designed by Nash Motors; it was discontinued in 1965. A completely new design was introduced by AMC in 1964. The engine evolved in several displacements and underwent upgrades. Vehículos Automotores Mexicanos (VAM) also manufactured this family of six-cylinder engines, including two versions available only in Mexico.

A new 4.0 L engine was introduced by AMC in 1986 and became the final version of AMC inline sixes. It is regarded as one of the best 4x4 and off-road engines. This engine was produced by Chrysler through 2006.

Among "classic American engines, the AMC straight-six stands as a testament to smart engineering and enduring performance".
Cyclic subspace
In mathematics, in linear algebra and functional analysis, a cyclic subspace is a certain special subspace of a vector space associated with a vector in the vector space and a linear transformation of the vector space. The cyclic subspace associated with a vector v in a vector space V and a linear transformation T of V is called the  T-cyclic subspace generated by v. The concept of a cyclic subspace is a basic component in the formulation of the cyclic decomposition theorem in linear algebra.

Linear algebra
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as

linear maps such as

and their representations in vector spaces and through matrices.

Linear algebra is central to almost all areas of mathematics. For instance, linear algebra is fundamental in modern presentations of geometry, including for defining basic objects such as lines, planes and rotations. Also, functional analysis, a branch of mathematical analysis, may be viewed as the application of linear algebra to function spaces.

Linear algebra is also used in most sciences and fields of engineering because it allows modeling many natural phenomena, and computing efficiently with such models. For nonlinear systems, which cannot be modeled with linear algebra, it is often used for dealing with first-order approximations, using the fact that the differential of a multivariate function at a point is the linear map that best approximates the function near that point.
Merrily We Roll Along (DuPont Show of the Week)
"Merrily We Roll Along" is the sixth episode of the first season of the US anthology series The DuPont Show of the Week. The episode was directed by Robert L. Bendick, written by Philip H. Reisman Jr., and hosted by Groucho Marx. It originally aired on NBC on October 22, 1961.

In the episode, Marx presents a sympathetic account of the automobile in the United States in the first half of the 20th century. The episode popularized the metaphor of "America's love affair with the automobile" and has attracted attention from historians for its role in justifying car-centric urban planning.
When the episode was made, DuPont held a 23% share in General Motors.

Car dependency
Car dependency is a pattern in urban planning that occurs when infrastructure favors automobiles over other modes of transport, such as public transport, bicycles, and walking. Car dependency is associated with higher transport pollution than transport systems that treat all transportation modes equally.

Car infrastructure is often paid for by governments from general taxes rather than gasoline taxes or mandated by governments. For instance, many cities have minimum parking requirements for new housing, which in practice requires developers to "subsidize" drivers. In some places, bicycles and rickshaws are banned from using road space, and pedestrian use of road space has been criminalized in many jurisdictions (see jaywalking) since the early 20th century. The road lobby plays an important role in maintaining car dependency, arguing that car infrastructure is good for economic growth.
McNeill's law
In human geography, McNeill's law is the process outlined in William H. McNeill's book Plagues and Peoples.  The process described concerns the role of microbial disease in the conquering of people-groups. Particularly, it describes how diseases such as smallpox, measles, typhus, scarlet fever, and sexually-transmitted diseases have significantly reduced native populations so that they are unable to resist colonization.

Human geography
Human geography, also known as anthropogeography, is a branch of geography that studies how people interact with places. It focuses on the spatial relationships between human communities, cultures, economies, people, lifestyle and their environments.  Examples include patterns like urban sprawl and urban redevelopment. It looks at how social interactions connect with the environment using both qualitative (descriptive) and quantitative (numerical) methods. This multidisciplinary field draws from sociology, anthropology, economics, and environmental science, helping build a more complete understanding of how human activity shapes the spaces we live in.
Alpha Beta Kappa
Alpha Beta Kappa National Honor Society (ΑΒΚ) is an American honor society for students who attend private certificate, vocational, and trade schools. It was established in 1977 and has chartered 500 chapters. It was the first national society for private proprietary and nonprofit postsecondary institutions.

Honor society
In the United States, an honor society is an organization that recognizes and promotes scholarship, leadership, service, research, professional accomplishment, or other forms of distinction. Membership standards vary by organization and may include academic performance, nomination, demonstrated contribution, or other defined criteria. Some youth, civic and professional organizations use similar recognition models; for example, the Order of the Arrow serves as an honor society within the Boy Scouts of America.
Bela Marsh
Bela Marsh (1797-1869) was a publisher and bookseller in Boston, Massachusetts, in the 19th century. Authors under his imprint included Spiritualists and abolitionists such as John Stowell Adams, Adin Ballou, Warren Chase, Lysander Spooner, and Henry Clarke Wright. Marsh kept offices on Washington Street (ca.1820-1832), Cornhill (ca.1847-1852), Franklin Street (ca.1854-1856), and Bromfield Street (ca.1858-1868).

Among his business partners were Nahum Capen, Gardner P. Lyon, T.H. Webb, and George W. Williams. He belonged to the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association and the Physiological Society.

Marsh was the defendant in the seminal copyright case, Folsom v. Marsh (C.C.D. Mass. 1841), for publishing a two-volume abridgment of George Washington's letters, where the Justice Joseph Story found he had infringed the copyright in the 12-volume set of the same edited by Jared Sparks.

Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association
The Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association (est.1795) of Boston, Massachusetts, was "formed for the sole purposes of promoting the mechanic arts and extending the practice of benevolence." Founders included Paul Revere, Jonathan Hunnewell, and Benjamin Russell. Through much of the 19th century, the association organized conferences and exhibitions devoted to innovation in the mechanical arts.
1st Prussian Infantry Regiment
The 1st Prussian Infantry Regiment (von Kunheim) (German: 1. Preußisches Infanterieregiment) was a line infantry regiment of the Old Prussian Army which had initially formed part of the Prussian Life Guard, but later transferred to the line. After notably serving in the War of the Austrian Succession and Seven Years' War, the regiment was demolished following the Battle of Auerstadt. A small part of the regiment went on to help form the famed 8th (1st Brandenburg) Life Infantry Regiment, which in turn would serve notably till its disbandment after World War I.

Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick
Charles William Ferdinand (German: Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand; 9 October 1735 – 10 November 1806) was the ruling prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, hereditary duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and a military leader. His titles are usually shortened to Duke of Brunswick in English-language sources.

He succeeded his father as sovereign prince of the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, one of the princely states of the Holy Roman Empire. The duke was a cultured and benevolent despot in the model of his uncle, Frederick the Great, and was married to Princess Augusta, the eldest sister of George III of Great Britain. He was also a recognized master of 18th century warfare, serving as a field marshal in the Prussian Army. He played a notable role in the French Revolutionary Wars by issuing the Brunswick Manifesto. During the Napoleonic Wars, he was mortally wounded by a musket ball at the Battle of Jena–Auerstedt in 1806.
Luigi Cochetti
Luigi Cochetti (2 October 1802 – 6 January 1884) was an Italian painter.

He was born and died in Rome, where he was a pupil of Tommaso Minardi at the Accademia di San Luca in Rome. He became a professor of painting at the academy. The Accademia was then under the direction of Vincenzo Cammuccini. He painted large allegories for the ceiling and theater curtain of the Teatro dell'Aquila in Fermo, depicting respectively the Invocation at Olympus with Jove, Juno, three graces and six dancing nocturnal hours listening to the music of Apollo and Harmony consigns its scepter to the Genius of Fermo.

Accademia di San Luca
The Accademia di San Luca (English: Academy of Saint Luke) is an Italian academy of artists in Rome. The establishment of the Accademia de i Pittori e Scultori di Roma was approved by papal brief in 1577, and in 1593 Federico Zuccari became its first principe or director; the statutes were ratified in 1607.: 30  Other founders included Girolamo Muziano and Pietro Olivieri. The Academy was named for Luke the Evangelist, the patron saint of painters.

From the late sixteenth century until it moved to its present location at the Palazzo Carpegna, it was based in an urban block by the Roman Forum and although these buildings no longer survive, the Academy church of Santi Luca e Martina, does. Designed by the Baroque architect, Pietro da Cortona, its main façade overlooks the Forum.