hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2022 Transnistria attacks
The 2022 Transnistria attacks were a series of five incidents reported in the Eastern European breakaway state of Transnistria, internationally recognized as part of Moldova, that occurred in 2022 between 25 and 27 April, on 6 May and on 5 June. No casualties were reported, but material damage did occur.

Operational Group of Russian Forces
The Operational Group of Russian Forces in Transnistria (OGRF; Romanian: Grupul Operativ al Trupelor Ruse din Transnistria, GOTR; Russian: Оперативная группа российских войск в Приднестровье, romanized: Operativnaya gruppa rossiyskikh voysk v Pridnestrovye, ОГРВ) is a sizable overseas military task force of the Russian Armed Forces. It serves as part of the tri-lateral Joint Control Commission (JCC) in the region with around 350 soldiers provided to the JCC.

1,500 soldiers of the military force are based at the former decommissioned Soviet-era ammunition depot at Cobasna, where it guards around 22,000 tons of military equipment and ammunition. The core of the OGRF consists of 70 to 100 Russian officers, with the rest being Transnistrian locals employed as soldiers. Troops of the OGRF are rotated once every six months.
Josh Miller (punter)
Joshua Harris Miller (born April 14, 1970) is an American former professional football player who was a punter in the Canadian Football League (CFL) and National Football League (NFL)

Miller played college football for the Arizona Wildcats, and was a first-team All-American in 1992.  He was signed by the Baltimore Stallions of the CFL as an undrafted free agent in 1994. Miller was also a member of the Seattle Seahawks, Pittsburgh Steelers, New England Patriots and Tennessee Titans of the NFL, and played in 168 games in his NFL career. After his playing career, he became a football analyst.

Punter (gridiron football)
A punter in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts (kicks) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage. This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football. Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations, when they throw or run the football to get a first down instead of punting.
Pseudochapsa isidiifera
Pseudochapsa isidiifera is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Brazil, it was first formally described as a new species in 2009 by the lichenologists Andreas Frisch and Klaus Kalb, as a member of the genus Chapsa. The type specimen was collected by Kalb in 1980 in a rainforest along the Rio Negro, between 100 and 200 km (62 and 124 mi) upstream from Manaus. The species epithet isidiifera refers to the presence of isidia on the thallus. Sittiporn Parnmen, Robert Lücking, and Helge Thorsten Lumbsch transferred the taxon to the genus Pseudochapsa in 2012.

Chapsa
Chapsa is a genus of lichens in the family Graphidaceae. These lichens form thin, grey-whitish to pale olive crusts on tree bark and are characterized by fruiting bodies that start as slits but expand into round to angular discs level with the surface, each bordered by a pale rim. The genus has a pantropical to warm-temperate distribution, growing on shaded bark in humid lowland or foothill rainforests, with over 60 species that often serve as indicators of undisturbed forest habitats.
Southern Economic Corridor
The Southern Economic Corridor (Abrv: SEC; Thai: การพัฒนาพื้นที่ระเบียงเศรษฐกิจภาคใต้อย่างยั่งยืน) is a special economic zone on the upper south of Thailand. It consists of four provinces, including Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani and Nakhon Si Thammarat. The SEC is part of a larger plan to link up the Andaman Sea with the Gulf of Thailand by land, air, and water, connecting the SEC with the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC). The project aims to promote sustainable development, increase competitiveness, and connectivity with neighboring countries, including members of BIMSTEC.

Nakhon Si Thammarat province
Nakhon Si Thammarat province (Thai: จังหวัดนครศรีธรรมราช, pronounced [ná(ʔ).kʰɔ̄ːn sǐː tʰām.mā.râːt]) is a province (changwat) of Thailand, on the western shore of the Gulf of Thailand.  As of 2018, it was the most populous province of Southern Thailand, with a population of approximately 1.5 million. Neighboring provinces are (from south clockwise) Songkhla, Phatthalung, Trang, Krabi and Surat Thani.
Sudhir, Swabi
Sudhir is an administrative unit, known as Union council of Swabi District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

District Swabi has 4 Tehsils i.e. Swabi Tehsil, Lahor, Topi Tehsil and Razar. Each Tehsil comprises certain numbers of union councils. There are 56 union councils in district Swabi.

Topi Tehsil
Topi is a tehsil of district Swabi in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

It is administratively subdivided into twenty Union Councils, including (1) Topi East, (2) Topi West, (3) Batakara, (4)Zarobai, (5) Kalabat, (6) Kotha, and (8) Maini.
Virgibacillus byunsanensis
Virgibacillus byunsanensis is a Gram-variable, endospore-forming, rod-shaped and motile bacterium from the genus of Virgibacillus which has been isolated from sediments from a marine solar saltern from the Yellow Sea in Korea.

Virgibacillus
Virgibacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped (bacillus) bacteria and a member of the phylum Bacillota. Virgibacillus species can be obligate aerobes (oxygen reliant), or facultative anaerobes and catalase enzyme positive. Under stressful environmental conditions, the bacteria can produce oval or ellipsoidal endospores in terminal, or sometimes subterminal, swollen sporangia. The genus was recently reclassified from the genus Bacillus in 1998 following an analysis of the species V. pantothenticus. Subsequently, a number of new species have been discovered or reclassified as Virgibacillus species.
2010 Bancolombia Open
The 2010 Bancolombia Open is a professional tennis tournament played on indoor red clay courts. It is part of the 2010 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Bogotá, Colombia between 5 and 12 April 2010.

2010 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2010 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprises 13 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and approximately 150 regular series tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
Gmina Rogoźno
Gmina Rogoźno is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Oborniki County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Rogoźno, which lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) north-east of Oborniki and 40 km (25 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.

The gmina covers an area of 217.95 square kilometres (84.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 17,322 (out of which the population of Rogoźno amounts to 10,905, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 6,417).

Oborniki
Oborniki [ɔbɔrˈɲikʲi] is a town in west-central Poland, in Greater Poland Voivodeship, about 30 km (19 mi) north of Poznań. It is the capital of Oborniki County and of Gmina Oborniki. Its population is 18,176 (2005).
Septet (Beethoven)
The Septet in E♭ major for clarinet, horn, bassoon, violin, viola, cello, and double bass, Op. 20, by Ludwig van Beethoven, was sketched out in 1799, completed, and first performed in Vienna in 1800 and published in 1802. The score contains the notation: "Der Kaiserin Maria Theresia gewidmet" (Dedicated to the Empress Maria Theresa). It was one of Beethoven’s most popular works during his lifetime, much to the composer's dismay. Several years later, Beethoven even wished the score to have been destroyed, saying: "That damn work! I wish it were burned!"

The concert was extremely popular in Paris where it was played for decades, often more than once a year by the Orchestre de la Société des Concerts du Conservatoire. At the auction of Beethoven's possessions after his death, the manuscript for his Missa solemnis fetched 7 florins, but the Septet was sold for 18 florins.

E-flat major
E-flat major is a major scale based on E♭, consisting of the pitches E♭, F, G, A♭, B♭, C, and D. Its key signature has three flats. Its relative minor is C minor, and its parallel minor is E♭ minor, (or enharmonically D♯ minor).

The E♭ major scale is:
Federico di Pagana
Federico di Pagana was the 8th Lifetime Doge of the Republic of Genoa. He was chosen as doge after Nicolò Guarco was forced out of office on 7 April 1383.

Pagana came from the region of Rapallo on the Genoese Riviera, so it remains unclear why he was chosen as doge. However, soon after his appointment, Leonardo Montaldo maneuvered to have the election canceled and to be picked instead as the new doge.

After this episode, Federico di Pagana disappeared from the forefront of Genoese politics.

Leonardo Montaldo
Leonardo Montaldo or di Montaldo (1319 – 14 June 1384) was a statesman who became the 7th doge of the Republic of Genoa.

Leonardo was born in San Martino di Paravanico, near modern-day Ceranesi in the Polcevera valley. His family was from Gavi. Little is known of his life before the dogate. He was elected by a commission despite the fact that a large share of the population supported Antoniotto Adorno. According to some sources, Montaldo had accepted to rule the Republic only for six months, although his term went past six months.

Once in office, like his predecessors, Montaldo tried to reorganize the Republic and in particular the fiscal system. But on 11 June 1384 it became clear that he had contracted the plague during an outbreak in the city and he died in Genoa three days later. Antoniotto Adorno was elected doge the next day.
Dora Creek railway station
Dora Creek railway station is located on the Main Northern line in New South Wales, Australia. It serves the City of Lake Macquarie town of Dora Creek opening on 16 August 1889.

It originally had a substantial weatherboard building on Platform 2. This was demolished in the 1990s and replaced with the current lightweight structures.

Main Northern railway line
The Main Northern railway line (also known as the Great Northern Railway) is a major railway in New South Wales, Australia, running from Strathfield in Sydney to Armidale.

The 1980s saw the line closed progressively north of Armidale; passenger services north of Tamworth were cancelled in 1990 but were reintroduced as far as the former two years later.

The Sydney–Brisbane rail corridor now branches off the Great Northern Railway after Maitland and follows the North Coast line.
Kabila (actor)
Nazrul Islam Shamim (popularly known as Kabila) is a Bangladeshi film actor. He won Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role for the film Ondhokar (2003).

As an actor with both comedy and negative roles, his career has given many hit films. Some of his notable films as a villain include Shopner Prithibi, Ondhokar, Ma Boro Na Bou Boro, Rongin Rongbaz, Khuni Chairman, Bap Boro Na Sosur Boro, Shamir Shongshar, Ek Takar Bou, Trash, Khuner Bodla, Bidrohi Salauddin, Ke Amar Baba, and Dushtu Meye Misti Chele. Some of his best comedy performances are Amar Shopno, Mayer Chokh, Preme Porechi, and Bolbo Kotha Bashor Ghore.

Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role
The Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় চলচ্চিত্র পুরস্কার শ্রেষ্ঠ খলচরিত্রে অভিনেতা) is an award presented annually at the National Film Awards, considered the most prestigious film awards in Bangladesh. The award was introduced in 2001, with Shahidul Alam Sachchu winning the first award.
Charles Fernández
Charles Fernández (born 28 December 1995) is a Guatemalan modern pentathlete. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the men's event and finished fifteenth. Fernandez won the men's modern pentathlon at the 2015 Pan American Games. He also won a gold medal at the World Junior Championships. Fernandez has competed in three World Modern Pentathlon Championships as well as multiple youth and junior world championships and a Central American and Caribbean Games.

Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne
The International Modern Pentathlon Union   (Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne), commonly known by the acronym UIPM, has been the international governing body of modern pentathlon since its foundation in London in 1948.

Its headquarters are in Monaco and it has 131 members as of 2026.  Modern pentathlon was introduced at the fifth Olympiad in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1912, comprising the contemporary sports of pistol shooting, fencing, swimming, horse riding and running, which embraced the spirit of its ancient counterpart.
Responsibility for the Russo-Georgian War
The 2008 war between Russia and Georgia has been a source of political controversy and conflicting claims. Although the Russian authorities have claimed that it was Georgia that started the war by launching an unprovoked attack, many reports and researchers (among them independent Russian experts) concluded that the conflict actually started earlier than claimed and that Russia was responsible for provoking the war.

On 8 August 2012, Russian president Vladimir Putin told a group of journalists that Russia came up with a plan for its war against Georgia already in 2006 and that it was training the separatist militia to fight against the Georgian government as part of that subversive effort. Putin further stated that "this is no secret".

Dmitry Sanakoyev
Dmitry Ivanovich Sanakoyev (born 10 May 1969 in Tskhinvali, South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast, Georgian SSR, Soviet Union) is a South Ossetian and Georgian politician, a former official in the secessionist government of South Ossetia and later, from 2007 to 2022, served as the Head of the Provisional Administration of South Ossetia, a rival entity established in the Georgian-controlled territories in the South Ossetia region by the Georgian government.
Åfjord Church
Åfjord Church (Norwegian: Åfjord kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Åfjord Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the village of Årnes, just east of the Åfjorden and west of the lake Stordalsvatnet. It is one of two churches in the Åfjord og Stoksund parish which is part of the Fosen prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1879 using plans drawn up by the architect Knut Guttormsen. The church seats 430 people. It was consecrated on 9 October 1879 by Bishop Andreas Grimelund.

Stordalsvatnet
Stordalsvatnet is a lake in Åfjord Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The lake is located on the Stordalselva river which flows into the Åfjorden. The lake lies between the villages of By (on the east end) and Årnes (on the west end).
Vásquez Cobo–Martins treaty
The Vásquez Cobo–Martins treaty, also known as Treaty of Bogotá, was a treaty between Brazil and Colombia denoting the Brazil–Colombia border; It was signed in Bogotá by their respective representatives, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Colombia, Alfredo Vásquez Cobo, and the Resident Minister on Special Mission to Colombia, Enéas Martins. It was ratified by Colombia by means of Law 97 of 1907 and the Exchange of Ratifications took place on 20 April 1908 in Rio de Janeiro. The treaty established the border from the Rio Negro northwestward along the Amazon River-Orinoco watershed divide, "then generally southward along various river courses and straight-line segments to the mouth of the Apaporis River"

Apaporis River
The Apaporis River is a river of the Vaupés Department, Colombia. It is a tributary of the Japurá River (Caquetá River). In the last stretch, before the river joins the Caquetá River, it forms part of the boundary between Colombia and Brazil.
2020 General Tire 150 (Phoenix)
The 2020 General Tire 150 was the second stock car race of the 2020 ARCA Menards Series, the first race of the 2020 Sioux Chief Showdown, and the inaugural iteration of the event. The race was held on Friday, March 6, 2020, in Avondale, Arizona at Phoenix Raceway, a 1 mile (1.6 km) permanent low-banked tri-oval race track. The race took the scheduled 150 laps to complete. Chandler Smith of Venturini Motorsports would take the final restart with two to go and hold off teammate Michael Self and a dominating Ty Gibbs to win his eighth career ARCA Menards Series win and his first of the season. To fill out the podium, Michael Self of Venturini Motorsports and Ty Gibbs of Joe Gibbs Racing would finish second and third, respectively.

Venturini Motorsports
Venturini Motorsports was an American professional stock car racing team that competed in the ARCA Menards Series, ARCA Menards Series East, and ARCA Menards Series West. Founded in 1982 by Bill Venturini Sr., Venturini Motorsports was the longest continually operated ARCA racing team in the United States. The team was based in Concord, North Carolina.

The team announced on April 18, 2025 that they will shut down their operations, transferring the ownership to Nitro Motorsports beginning on October 15.
Gasoline and diesel usage and pricing
The usage and pricing of gasoline (or petrol) results from factors such as crude oil prices, processing and distribution costs, local demand, the strength of local currencies, local taxation or subsidy, and the availability of local sources of gasoline (supply).  Since fuels are traded worldwide, the trade prices are similar.  The price paid by consumers largely reflects national pricing policy.  Most countries impose taxes on gasoline (petrol), whereas a few, such as Venezuela, subsidize the cost. No country's taxes cover all the negative externalities (air pollution and CO2 emissions) associated with usage, that is they do not make the polluter pay the full cost. Western countries have among the highest usage rates per person. The largest consumer is the United States.

United States Government Accountability Office
The United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) is a federal agency within the legislative branch of the United States government that provides auditing, evaluative, and investigative services for the United States Congress in an independent and nonpartisan capacity. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C. at the US General Accounting Office Building in Judiciary Square, and has a headquarters office annex at the Longworth House Office Building on Capitol Hill.

The GAO is the supreme audit institution of the federal government of the United States. It identifies its core "mission values" as: accountability, integrity, and reliability. It is also known as the "congressional watchdog".

The agency is headed by the comptroller general of the United States. The current Acting Comptroller General is Orice Williams Brown, who has served in the position since December 30th 2025.
Hu Peng-class torpedo boat
The Hu Peng class (Chinese: 湖鵬; pinyin: Húpéng), also known as the Hu class, Type N and Number 1 class (Thai: หมายเลข 1) was a class of torpedo boat built initially for the Qing Imperial Chinese Navy from 1906 to 1907. The ships would eventually pass to the Republic of China Navy and would serve during the National Protection War, World War I, the Second Zhili–Fengtian War, Northern Expedition and Second Sino-Japanese War. A near identical, semi-sister class of torpedo boats were built for the Royal Thai Navy from 1907 to 1912.

QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss
The QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss or in French use Canon Hotchkiss à tir rapide de 47 mm were a family of long-lived light 47 mm naval guns introduced in 1886 to defend against new, small and fast vessels such as torpedo boats and later submarines.  There were many variants produced, often under license, which ranged in length from 32 to 50 calibers but 40 caliber was the most common version.  They were widely used by the navies of a number of nations and often used by both sides in a conflict.  They were also used ashore as coastal defense guns and later as an anti-aircraft gun, whether on improvised or specialized HA/LA mounts.
Constance of France, Countess of Toulouse
Constance of France (c. 1126 – c. 1190) was a French princess of the House of Capet, the only daughter of Louis VI of France and his wife Adelaide of Maurienne. Amongst her siblings was Louis VII, who succeeded their father in 1137.

House of Capet
The House of Capet (French: Maison capétienne) ruled the Kingdom of France from 987 to 1328. It was the most senior line of the Capetian dynasty – itself a derivative dynasty from the Robertians and the Karlings.

The direct line of the House of Capet came to an end in 1328, when the three sons of Philip IV (reigned 1285–1314) all failed to produce surviving male heirs to the French throne. With the death of Charles IV (reigned 1322–1328), the throne passed to the House of Valois, descended from a younger brother of Philip IV.

Royal power would pass on, in 1589, to another Capetian branch, the House of Bourbon, descended from the youngest son of Louis IX (reigned 1226–1270). From 1830 on it would go to a Bourbon cadet branch, the House of Orléans, always remaining in the hands of agnatic descendants of Hugh Capet, himself a descendant of Charlemagne, except for the reigns of Napoleon and Napoleon III.
1996 Prince Edward Island general election
The 1996 Prince Edward Island general election was held on November 18, 1996. It was the first election in the province's history to not use multi-member constituencies, and instead elect a single member in each of 27 districts. (Previously, since 1873 the province had been divided into 15 or 16 districts, each electing two members.)

The governing Liberals of Premier Keith Milligan, who had been in power since Joe Ghiz first won government in 1986, lost to the resurgent Progressive Conservatives under their new leader, Pat Binns.

This was also the first election where a party other than the Liberals or Tories won a seat in the Legislature, with New Democratic Party leader Herb Dickieson winning a three-way race in a Prince County riding.

This election was the only one in PEI history where a party formed government without winning a majority of the vote until the 2015 election.

1873 Prince Edward Island general election
The 1873 Prince Edward Island election was held on 1 April 1873 to elect members of the House of Assembly of the British colony of Prince Edward Island. It was won by the Conservative party. This was Prince Edward Island's last general election as a British colony, as it joined Canada on July 1, 1873 as a province.

The election was held using 15 districts, each electing two members in separate contests.
Legislature of Tucumán
The Honourable Legislature of Tucumán Province (Spanish: Honorable Legislatura de la Provincia de Tucumán) is the unicameral legislative body of Tucumán Province, in Argentina. It convenes in the provincial capital, San Miguel de Tucumán.

It comprises 49 legislators, elected in three multi-member electoral sections through proportional representation every four years. Elections employ the D'Hondt system. The electoral sections do not correspond to the 17 departments of Tucumán, but rather group different departments together.

Its powers and responsibilities are established in the provincial constitution. The legislature is presided by the Vice Governor of Tucumán (presently Osvaldo Jaldo of the Justicialist Party), who is elected alongside the governor.

Tucumán Province
Tucumán (Spanish pronunciation: [tukuˈman]) is the most densely populated, and the second-smallest by land area, of the provinces of Argentina.

Located in the northwest of the country, the province has the capital of San Miguel de Tucumán, often shortened to Tucumán. Neighboring provinces are, clockwise from the north: Salta, Santiago del Estero and Catamarca. It is nicknamed El Jardín de la República (The Garden of the Republic), as it is a highly productive agricultural area.