hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shuangpengxi Township, Qinghai
Shuangpengxi Township (Mandarin: 双朋西乡) is a township in Tongren County, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai, China. In 2010, Shuangpengxi Township had a total population of 3,276: 1,582 males and 1,694 females: 774 aged under 14, 2,155 aged between 15 and 65 and 347 aged over 65.

Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (simplified Chinese: 黄南藏族自治州; traditional Chinese: 黃南藏族自治州; pinyin: Huángnán Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu; Tibetan: རྨ་ལྷོ་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་, Wylie: rma lho bod rigs rang skyong khul) is an autonomous prefecture of eastern Qinghai, northwest China, bordering Gansu to the east. The prefecture has an area of 17,921 km2 (6,919 sq mi) and its seat is in Tongren County.
Lieutenant general (Bangladesh)
Lieutenant general (Lt Gen) is a senior rank in the Bangladesh Army. It is the second-highest active rank of the Bangladesh Army and was created as a direct equivalent of the British military rank of lieutenant general. It is considered a three star rank.

Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)
Lieutenant general (Lt Gen), formerly more commonly lieutenant-general, is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines. It is the equivalent of a multinational three-star rank; some British lieutenant generals sometimes wear three-star insignia, in addition to their standard insignia, when on multinational operations.

Lieutenant general is a superior rank to major general, but subordinate to a (full) general. The rank has a NATO rank code of OF-8, equivalent to a vice-admiral in the Royal Navy and an air marshal in the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the air forces of many Commonwealth countries.

The rank insignia for both the Army and the Royal Marines is a crown over a crossed sabre and baton. During the reign of Elizabeth II, the St Edward's Crown, commonly known as the Queen's Crown, was depicted. Before 1953, and again since the accession of Charles III in 2022, the Tudor Crown has been used.
Donaldson's theorem
In mathematics, and especially differential topology and gauge theory, Donaldson's theorem states that a definite intersection form of a closed, oriented, smooth manifold of dimension 4 is diagonalizable. If the intersection form is positive (negative) definite, it can be diagonalized to the identity matrix (negative identity matrix) over the integers. The original version of the theorem required the manifold to be simply connected, but it was later improved to apply to 4-manifolds with any fundamental group.

Karen Uhlenbeck
Karen Keskulla Uhlenbeck ForMemRS (born August 24, 1942) is an American mathematician and one of the founders of modern geometric analysis. She is a professor emerita of mathematics at the University of Texas at Austin, where she held the Sid W. Richardson Foundation Regents Chair. She is currently a distinguished visiting professor at the Institute for Advanced Study and a visiting senior research scholar at Princeton University.

Uhlenbeck was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2007. She won the 2019 Abel Prize for "her pioneering achievements in geometric partial differential equations, gauge theory, and integrable systems, and for the fundamental impact of her work on analysis, geometry and mathematical physics." She is the first, and so far only, woman to win the prize since its inception in 2003. She donated half of the prize money to organizations which promote more engagement of women and other minorities in research mathematics.
Avoca School District 37
Avoca School District 37 is a school district in the Chicago metropolitan area. Its headquarters are in Marie Murphy School in Wilmette, which has middle school and preschool levels. It also operates Avoca West School, with elementary grades, in Glenview. In addition to portions of Glenview and Wilmette, it serves portions of Northfield, Winnetka, and some unincorporated areas with Winnetka postal addresses. It feeds into New Trier Township High School District 203. The name "Avoca", meaning "Fountain of Knowledge", is a Gaelic word.

Northfield, Illinois
Northfield is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States, located approximately 19 miles (31 km) north of downtown Chicago. As of the 2020 census, the village's population was 5,751. It is part of a collection of upscale residential communities north of Chicago that belong to New Trier and Northfield Townships and the greater North Shore.
Emil Schacht
Emil Schacht (November 20, 1854 – March 4, 1926) was an architect in Portland, Oregon. Schacht's work was prolific from the 1890s until World War I and he produced commercial buildings including factories and warehouses as well as residential projects, hotels and theatres. He is known for his craftsman architecture style homes and was a founding member of the 1902 Portland Association of architects.

Astoria Fire House No. 2
The Astoria Fire House No. 2, also known originally as the North Pacific Brewing Company Beer Storage Building and as the Uppertown Firefighter's Museum since 1989, is a historic building located in Astoria, Oregon, United States.

The fire house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

The Uppertown Firefighter's Museum is operated by the Clatsop County Historical Society.  The museum features fire-fighting equipment from 1879 to 1963, hand-pulled, horse-drawn, and motorized fire engines, fire fighting memorabilia and photos.
Maria Yermolova-class passenger ship
Maria Yermolova-class ships are passenger ships built in the Titovo Brodogradiliste shipyard in Kraljevica, Yugoslavia in the 1970s. The construction of the ships was also known as project 1454.  The class was named after the lead ship of the project, the Maria Yermolova, built in 1974, named after Russian actress Maria Yermolova.

Fesco Transport Group
FESCO Transportation Group is an intermodal transport operator in Russia, which provides services, including marine shipping, roll-on/roll-off, rail transportation and port handling. The parent company of the Group is Far-Eastern Shipping Company JSC. FESCO Group is headquartered in Moscow.
1987 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles
Joakim Nyström and Mats Wilander were the defending champions, but lost in the second round to Carl Limberger and Mark Woodforde.

Ken Flach and Robert Seguso defeated Sergio Casal and Emilio Sánchez in the final, 3–6, 6–7(6–8), 7–6(7–3), 6–1, 6–4 to win the gentlemen's doubles title at the 1987 Wimbledon Championships.

Stefan Edberg and Anders Järryd's semi-final loss to Casal and Sanchez was Järryd's only Men's Doubles Grand Slam loss that year, as he won the Australian Open and US Open with Edberg, and the French Open with Seguso.

1987 French Open – Men's doubles
Robert Seguso and Anders Järryd defeated Guy Forget and Yannick Noah for the 1987 French Open men's doubles title.

John Fitzgerald and Tomáš Šmíd were the defending champions, but lost in the first round to Arnaud Boetsch and Loïc Courteau, 7–6, 6–4.
Singleton bound
In coding theory, the Singleton bound, named after the American mathematician Richard Collom Singleton (1928–2007), is a relatively crude upper bound on the size of an arbitrary block code  with block length , size  and minimum distance . It is also known as the Joshibound proved by Joshi (1958) and even earlier by Komamiya.

Hamming distance
In information theory, the Hamming distance between two strings or vectors of equal length is the number of positions at which the corresponding symbols are different. In other words, it measures the minimum number of substitutions required to change one string into the other, or equivalently, the minimum number of errors that could have transformed one string into the other. In a more general context, the Hamming distance is one of several string metrics for measuring the edit distance between two sequences. It is named after the American mathematician Richard Hamming.

A major application is in coding theory, more specifically to block codes, in which the equal-length strings are vectors over a finite field.
Battle of Mizushima
The naval battle of Mizushima took place on 17 November 1183 during the Genpei War. One of the most important bases of the Taira was Yashima, a small island off the coast of Shikoku. In November 1183, Minamoto no Yoshinaka sent an army to cross the Inland Sea to Yashima, but they were caught by the Taira just offshore of Mizushima (水島), a small island of Bitchu Province, just off Honshū. The Taira tied their ships together and placed planks across them to form a flat fighting surface.

The battle began with Taira archers loosing a rain of arrows upon the Minamoto boats; when the boats were close enough, daggers and swords were drawn, and the two sides engaged in hand-to-hand combat. Finally, the Taira, who had brought fully equipped horses on their ships, swam to the shore with their steeds, and routed the remaining Minamoto warriors.

Kurashiki
Kurashiki (倉敷市, Kurashiki-shi) is a city located in Okayama Prefecture, Japan.  As of 31 March 2023, the city had an estimated population of 478,651 and a population density of 1300 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 355.63 square kilometres (137.31 sq mi).
Urban village (China)
Urban villages (Chinese: 城中村; pinyin: chéngzhōngcūn; literally: "village in city") are villages that appear on both the outskirts and the downtown segments of major Chinese cities, including Shenzhen and Guangzhou. They are surrounded by skyscrapers, transportation infrastructures, and other modern urban constructions. Urban villages are a unique phenomenon that formed part of China's urbanization efforts.

Urban villages are commonly inhabited by the poor and transient, and as such they are associated with squalor, overcrowding and social problems. However, they are also among the liveliest areas in some cities and are notable for affording economic opportunity to newcomers to the city.

Urbanization in China
Urbanization in the People's Republic of China increased in speed following the initiation of the reform and opening up policy. According to the Chinese government, the country's urbanization rate was 67 percent at end of 2024. According to the United Nations, the country's urbanization rate was 83.7 percent in 2025, having peaked in absolute numbers in 2021.
Miss World 1972
Miss World 1972 was the 22nd edition of the Miss World pageant, held at the Royal Albert Hall in London, United Kingdom, on 1 December 1972. Fifty-three delegates vied for the crown won by Belinda Green of Australia. Green became the second Australian winner of the crown in just four years. Since the reigning Miss World 1971, Lúcia Petterle had suffered a broken arm and was unable to travel to London, Eric Morley's wife Julia crowned the new Miss World 1972.

Julia Morley
Julia Evelyn Morley CBE (née Pritchard; born 25 October 1939) is an English businesswoman, charity worker and former model. She is the chairwoman and CEO of the Miss World Organization, which organizes the Miss World  and Mister World pageants. She is the widow of Miss World creator, the late Eric Morley who organized the pageant from its inception in July 1951, until his death in 2000.
Label (philately)
In philately, label or coupon or tab is a part of sheet of stamps separated from them with perforation (or narrow white margin in imperforate stamps). It cannot be used for postage because it does not have face value and any indication of a postal administration that issued such stamps with labels. The notion of label should not be confused with the term "gutter" or with a margin of a stamp sheet.

Sometimes, label is also a stamp-like adhesive of no postal value, often used for promotional purposes.

Stamp of the Soviet Union with a label dedicated to the Tree of Friendship in Sochi (1970)

Two stamps of Russia with an intermediate label dedicated to the Russian painter and writer Vasily Vereshchagin (1992)

Mr. ZIP on a stamp sheet margin (not a label!). A US postage stamp (1966) featuring "The Boating Party" painted by Mary Cassatt in 1893–1894

Face value
The face value, sometimes called nominal value, is the value of a coin, bond, stamp or paper money as printed on the coin, stamp or bill itself by the issuing authority.

The face value of coins, stamps, or bill is usually its legal value. However, their market value need not bear any relationship to the face value. For example, some rare coins or stamps may be traded at prices considerably above their face value. Coins may also have a salvage value due to more or less valuable metals that they contain.
Kal David
David Raskin (June 15, 1943 – August 16, 2022), who performed as Kal David, was an American blues guitarist, singer and songwriter, whose 50-year musical career in Illinois, New York, and California extended through various phases, including a highly regarded stint with Columbia Records in the early 1970s.

Vee-Jay Records
Vee-Jay Records is an American record label founded in the 1950s, located in Chicago and specializing in blues, jazz, rhythm and blues and rock and roll.

The label was founded in Gary, Indiana, in 1953 by Vivian Carter and James C. Bracken, a husband-and-wife team who used their initials for the label's name. Vivian's brother, Calvin Carter, was the label's A&R man. Ewart Abner, formerly of Chance Records, joined the label in 1955, first as manager, then as vice president, and ultimately as president.  One of the earliest Black American-owned record companies, Vee-Jay quickly became a major R&B label, with the first song recorded, the Spaniels' "Baby It's You,"  making it to the top ten on the national R&B charts.
Timeline of ITV Digital Channels
This is a timeline of the British company ITV Digital Channels and its predecessors Granada Sky Broadcasting and Carlton Communications, and digital channels of other ITV-related companies. The timeline does not include events related to ITV network's flagship channel (ITV1 / STV / UTV).

ITV Sport Channel
ITV Sport Channel was a short-lived sport television channel that was owned by Carlton Communications and Granada plc. It was launched on 11 August 2001 and closed on 12 May 2002, precipitating ITV Digital's collapse over a month later.

The channel was mostly devoted to football, but also included other sports, and it had two sister channels - ITV Sport Plus and ITV Sport Select.

Matt Smith, Tony Dorigo, Russell Osman, Bob Wilson, John Hendrie, Garry Nelson, Guy Havord, Guy Mowbray, Peter Drury, Jon Champion, David Fairclough, Paul Walsh, Jim Beglin, Simon Hill, Peter Stevenson, Carrie Frais, Lisa Rogers and Dave Beckett presented and commentated for the channel.
Electoral district of Sherbrooke
Sherbrooke was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian colony (and state from 1901) of New South Wales, existing from 1894 until 1913. It included Blacktown and Baulkham Hills. It was named after Robert Lowe, 1st Viscount Sherbrooke.

Electoral districts of New South Wales
The New South Wales Legislative Assembly is elected from single-member electorates called districts, returning 93 members since the 1999 election. Prior to 1927 some districts returned multiple members, including 1920-1927 when all districts returned three, four or five members. Parramatta is the only district to have continuously existed since the establishment of the Assembly in 1856.
Zip bomb
In computing, a zip bomb, also known as a decompression bomb or zip of death (ZOD), is a malicious archive file designed to crash or render useless the program  or system reading it. The older the system or program, the less likely it is that the zip bomb will be detected. It is often employed to disable antivirus software, in order to create an opening for more traditional malware.

A zip bomb allows a program to function normally, but, instead of hijacking the program's operation, it creates an archive that requires an excessive amount of time, disk space, computational power, or memory to unpack.

Most modern antivirus programs can detect zip bombs and prevent the user from extracting anything from it.

Archive file
An archive file stores the content of one or more computer files, possibly compressed and/or encrypted, with associated metadata such as file name, directory structure, error detection and correction information, and commentary. An archive file is often used to facilitate portability, distribution and backup, and to reduce storage use. An archive file is usually generated and modified via a file archiver utility.
(NL)LCVP
The (NL)LCVP, which stands for (Netherlands) Landing Craft Vehicle Personnel, is a Dutch LCVP. The Royal Netherlands Navy currently operates twelve LCVP type Mk.V(C) as well as five LCUs for the Marine Corps.

Landing craft vehicle personnel
A landing craft vehicle personnel or landing craft, vehicle, personnel (LCVP) is any of a variety of amphibious landing craft designed to transport troops or armoured vehicles from ship to shore during amphibious landings.
Siege of Naco
The siege of Naco was a major battle fought in the border town of Naco, Sonora, Mexico, between March 31 and April 6, 1929, during the Escobar Rebellion. Following their capture of Cananea in 1928 and the drafting of the "Plan of Hermosillo", rebel forces under the command of General José Gonzalo Escobar occupied Agua Prieta and from there moved to take control of Naco, which at the time was a small, dusty village opposite of Naco, Arizona, occupied by government forces loyal to President Emilio Portes Gil. The rebels hoped to fund the revolution using the revenue generated by Naco and Agua Prieta, where there was a significant amount of public support for their cause.

Emilio Portes Gil
Emilio Cándido Portes Gil (Spanish pronunciation: [eˈmiljo ˈpoɾtes xil]; 3 October 1890 – 10 December 1978) was a Mexican politician, lawyer and diplomat who served as the 48th President of Mexico from 1928 to 1930, one of three to serve out the six-year term of president-elect General Álvaro Obregón, who had been assassinated in 1928. Since the 1917 Constitution forbade re-election of a serving president, incumbent President Plutarco Elías Calles could not formally retain the presidency. Portes Gil replaced him, but Calles, the "Jefe Máximo", retained effective political power during what is known as the Maximato.
Pteria colymbus
Pteria colymbus, the Atlantic winged oyster, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Pteriidae. It can be found along the Atlantic coast of North America, ranging from North Carolina to Bermuda and Brazil.

Pteriidae
Pteriidae, also called the feather oysters, is a family of medium-sized to large saltwater oysters. They are pearl oysters, marine bivalve mollusks in the order Pteriida.

Some of the species in this family are important economically as the source of saltwater pearls.
Nature Noir
Nature Noir is the third studio album by Brooklyn-based band Crystal Stilts, which was released on September 16, 2013 in the UK and September 17 in the US. The album is the follow-up to 2011's In Love with Oblivion and 2008's debut Alight of Night.

Alight of Night
Alight of Night is the debut album by noise pop band Crystal Stilts, released in 2008. "Departure" and "Shattered Shine" were released as singles. "The Dazzled" and "Prismatic Room" were also in frequent rotation on Sirius XMU around the album's release.
Field of definition
In mathematics, the field of definition of an algebraic variety V is essentially the smallest field to which the coefficients of the polynomials defining V can belong. Given polynomials, with coefficients in a field K, it may not be obvious whether there is a smaller field k, and other polynomials defined over k, which still define V.

The issue of field of definition is of concern in diophantine geometry.

Diophantine geometry
In mathematics, Diophantine geometry is the study of Diophantine equations by means of powerful methods in algebraic geometry. By the 20th century it became clear for some mathematicians that methods of algebraic geometry are ideal tools to study these equations. Diophantine geometry is part of the broader field of arithmetic geometry.

Four theorems in Diophantine geometry that are of fundamental importance include:

Mordell–Weil theorem

Roth's theorem

Siegel's theorem

Faltings's theorem
Dan Gladden
Clinton Daniel Gladden III (born July 7, 1957) is an American former professional baseball player and current radio broadcaster. An outfielder, he played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Francisco Giants (1983–1986), Minnesota Twins (1987–1991), and Detroit Tigers (1992–1993) before playing a final season in Japan in 1994 with the Yomiuri Giants of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).

Gladden was the starting left fielder on the Twins' two World Series Championship teams in 1987 and 1991. He was one of seven Twins players to be part of both the 1987 and 1991 championship teams, the other six being Randy Bush, Greg Gagne, Kent Hrbek, Gene Larkin, Al Newman, and Kirby Puckett. He also won a Japan Series championship with the Yomiuri Giants during his only season in Japan.

Al Newman
Albert Dwayne Newman (born June 30, 1960) is an American former professional baseball infielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Montreal Expos (1985–1986), Minnesota Twins (1987–1991) and Texas Rangers  (1992). Newman was a switch-hitter and threw right-handed.
Miss Russia 2010
Miss Russia 2010 the 18th edition of the Miss Russia pageant, was held in Barvikha Luxury Village Concert Hall in Moscow on 6 March 2010. 51 contestants from all over Russia competed for the crown. Sofia Rudieva of Saint Petersburg crowned her successor, Irina Antonenko of Yekaterinburg, at the end of the event. Stefania Fernandez and Kaiane Aldorino participated in the event.

Miss Russia
Miss Russia (Russian: Мисс Россия, romanized: Miss Rossiya) is a national beauty pageant in Russia. It selects the Russian representatives to compete in two of the major beauty pageants: Miss World and Miss Universe.
Elgin Loren Elwais
Elgin Loren Elwais (born March 5, 1985) is a Palauan wrestler. Elwais participated in his first Olympic Games at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. Elwais stands out from past Palauan Olympians by being the first sportsperson from his country to qualify for the Olympics based on his own merit.

Elwais was the official flag bearer for the Palau Olympic delegation at the 2008 Summer Olympics Opening Ceremony in Beijing on August 8, 2008. He competed in the 55kg class in Greco-Roman wrestling, losing his only match to Hamid Sourian of Iran.

Elwais lives in Susanville, California.

Hamid Sourian
Hamid Sourian Reihanpour (Persian: حمید سوریان ریحان‌پور; born 24 August 1985) or Hamid Soryan is a retired Iranian wrestler. Sourian is 2012 Summer Olympic games gold medalist and six-time World Champion. He won both the Junior World Championships and Senior World Championships in 2005. He is also 2007 and 2008 Asian championships gold medalist.