hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Damon Duval
Damon Duval (born April 3, 1980) is an American former professional football placekicker and punter who played for the Montreal Alouettes and Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League (CFL). Duval played college football for Auburn University, and was recognized as a consensus All-American.

Punter (gridiron football)
A punter in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts (kicks) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage. This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football. Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations, when they throw or run the football to get a first down instead of punting.
Semanggi (Transjakarta)
Semanggi is a Transjakarta bus rapid transit station located on Jenderal Gatot Subroto Street at the border between Setiabudi and Kebayoran Baru districts, South Jakarta, Indonesia, serving Corridor 9. It is connected by a transfer linkway to Bendungan Hilir station that serves Corridor 1. The station is located at the southeastern end of the Semanggi Interchange ('Semanggi' is an Indonesian word for cloverleaf, thus meaning 'cloverleaf interchange'), hence the name.

Setiabudi
Setiabudi is a district in the administrative city of South Jakarta, Indonesia. It is part of the Golden Triangle of Jakarta (Indonesian: Segitiga Emas Jakarta), the centre of business and commercial establishments in the city. Setiabudi is named after an Indonesian hero of partial Indo and Sundanese descent, Ernest Douwes Dekker, also known as Danudirdja Setiabudi. Setiabudi is bordered by Central Jakarta in the north.
Colesberg (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Colesberg was a constituency in the Cape Province of South Africa, which existed from 1910 to 1938 and again from 1966 to 1974. It covered a rural area near the Orange River, centred on the town of Colesberg. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Cape Provincial Council.

Cape Provincial Council
The Cape Provincial Council was the provincial council of the Cape Province of South Africa. It was created by the South Africa Act 1909, with effect from the formation of the Union of South Africa on 31 May 1910. The first election to the provincial council took place on 15 September 1910 (also the day of the South African general election, 1910).

The provincial council continued to exist until 1986, when its functions were transferred to a strengthened executive authority appointed by the State President. The province itself was disbanded in 1994, when the provinces were reconstructed.
Wy Yung
Wy Yung is a town in Victoria, Australia, located on Great Alpine Road, in the Shire of East Gippsland near Bairnsdale. The town's name means wild duck in the local Indigenous language.

White settlers moved to the district in the 1860s and by the next decade there was enough population for two schools and a hotel to be opened in the 1870s,
it remained a farming district until the 1970s when demand for urban housing began.

Shire of East Gippsland
The Shire of East Gippsland is a local government area in Gippsland, Victoria, Australia, located in the eastern part of the state. It covers an area of 20,940 square kilometres (8,080 sq mi) and as of the 2021 census had a population of 48,715. It includes the regional centres of Bairnsdale, Lakes Entrance, Omeo and Orbost, the coastal resort towns of Paynesville, Mallacoota, Marlo and Metung, and the inland townships of Benambra, Bruthen, Buchan, Cann River, Swan Reach and Swifts Creek.

The shire is governed and administered by the East Gippsland Shire Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the council headquarters in Bairnsdale. It also has service centres located in Lakes Entrance, Mallacoota, Omeo, Orbost and Paynesville.
Slavik Tabakov
Slavik Tabakov (Bulgarian: Славик Табаков) is a British-Bulgarian medical physicist, President of the International Organization for Medical Physics (IOMP) 2015-2018  and Vice-President of the International Union for Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine (IUPESM) 2018-2021. He has made significant contributions to the development and global dissemination of medical physics education and training and has pioneered e-learning in the profession.

International Centre for Theoretical Physics
The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) is a research center for physical and mathematical sciences, located in Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy.

The center operates under a tripartite agreement between the Italian Government, UNESCO, and the International Atomic Energy Agency. It is located near the Miramare Park, about 10 kilometres from the downtown of Trieste, Italy. The centre was founded in 1964 by Pakistani Nobel Laureate Mohammad Abdus Salam.

ICTP is part of the Trieste System, a network of national and international scientific institutes in Trieste, promoted by the Italian physicist Paolo Budinich.
Egas Moniz I de Ribadouro
Egas Moniz I of Ribadouro, called The Gascon or The Old (c. 977 - before 1044) was a medieval nobleman of the County of Portugal, having been lord of Ribadouro, governor of Lamego and the founder of the Monastery of Cucujães.

County of Portugal
The County of Portugal (Galician-Portuguese: Comtato de Portugalle; referred to as Portugalia in contemporary documents) refers to two successive medieval counties in the region around Guimarães and Porto, today corresponding to litoral northern Portugal, within which the identity of the Portuguese people formed. The first county existed from the mid-ninth to the mid-eleventh centuries as a vassalage of the Kingdom of Asturias and the Kingdom of Galicia and also part of the Kingdom of León, before being abolished as a result of rebellion. A larger entity under the same name was then reestablished in the late 11th century and subsequently elevated by its count in the mid-12th century into an independent Kingdom of Portugal.
Rangeroceratidae
Rangeroceratidae is a family of orthoceroid cephalopods known from the late Early Ordovician in eastern North America (New York and Quebec) and Great Britain, included in the order Dissidocerida. The family was named by Evans, 2005, and contains three genera: Rangeroceras, Anrangeroceras, and Cyclorageroceras.

Rangeroceratidae is based on the genus Rangeroceras, named by Hook & Flower (1977); at that time considered a member of the rod-bearing Baltoceratidae along with genera like Rhabdiferoceras and Veneficoceras.

Rhabdiferoceras
Rhabdiferoceras is an extinct genus of orthocerids belonging to the Baltoceratidae that lived in what would be North America during the Cassinian Stage at the end of the Early Ordovician, existing for approximately two million years from about 474 -472 mya.
German Civil Service Federation
The German Civil Service Association (German: DBB Beamtenbund und Tarifunion) is a national trade union centre in Germany. It has a membership of 1,250,000 and is affiliated with the European Confederation of Independent Trade Unions.

European Confederation of Independent Trade Unions
The European Confederation of Independent Trade Unions (CESI; French Confédération Européenne des Syndicats Indépendants, German Europäische Union der unabhängigen Gewerkschaften, Italian Confederazione Europea Sindacati Indipendenti) is a regional trade union federation representing around 5 million members of independent trade unions in Europe.

CESI represents free and independent trade unions from the private and public sectors that adhere to democratic principles and defend the respect of human rights.
Cholmondeley cello
The Cholmondeley (/ˈtʃʌmli/ CHUM-lee) is the name of a Stradivarius cello (violin) that was made in Cremona, Italy, by Antonio Stradivari around 1698. It holds the record as the world's most valuable cello. At an auction at Sotheby's in London on 22 June 1988 it fetched the highest auction price ever at £682,000 (US$ 1.2 million). Purchase of the Cholmondeley surpassed the previous record for an instrument at auction (also in 1988) of $890,000, which was for Stradavarius violin named Marie Hall. Prior to the Marie Hall, the Bonjour Stradivarius was the record holder at $393,000, purchased in 1994 by Robert Cohen.

Bonjour Stradivarius
The Bonjour Stradivari cello was made by famous luthier Antonio Stradivari 1692. The instrument is named after the amateur 19th-century Parisian cellist Abel Bonjour.

On the death of Bonjour sometime after 1885 the cello passed via Fridolin Hamma of Stuttgart to Dr. Hans Kühne of Cologne, who loaned the cello to the Stradivari Bicentennial exhibition in Cremona in 1937.
Other owners include The Habisreutinger Foundation of St. Gallen, Switzerland, soloist Robert Cohen (who played it between 1984 and 1993) and Martin Lovett of the Amadeus Quartet.
The present owner acquired it in the fall of 1999 and it is currently on loan to The Canada Council for the Arts Instrument Bank, which then loans this instrument for 3 years to the winner of its national competition. After being loaned to Korean-Canadian cellist Soo Bae for 3 years, it was awarded in September 2009 to Canadian cellist Rachel Mercer, in 2012 to Arnold Choi of Calgary, in 2015 to Cameron Crozman, and in 2018 to Bryan Cheng.
Court security officer (England and Wales)
A court security officer is, in England and Wales, a person employed by either the Lord Chancellor/Secretary of State for Justice (the role was combined in 2007) or a private company as a "court officer" and designated by the Lord Chancellor under section 51 (1) of the Courts Act 2003:

The Lord Chancellor may appoint such officers and other staff as appear to him appropriate for the purpose of discharging his general duty in relation to the courts.

HM Courts and Tribunals Service
His Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service (commonly HM Courts and Tribunals Service or HMCTS) is an executive agency of the Ministry of Justice.  It was created on 1 April 2011 (as Her Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service) by the merger of Her Majesty's Courts Service and the Tribunals Service.

The agency is responsible for the administration of the courts of England and Wales, the Probate Service and tribunals in England and Wales and non-devolved tribunals in Scotland and Northern Ireland. It works from about 600 locations across the United Kingdom.
Pedro Álvarez (baseball)
Pedro Manuel Álvarez Jr. (born February 6, 1987), nicknamed "El Toro" (Spanish for "The Bull"), is a Dominican-American former professional baseball designated hitter and infielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Pittsburgh Pirates and Baltimore Orioles.

During his playing career, Álvarez stood 6 feet 3 inches (1.91 m) and weighed 250 pounds (110 kg). A third baseman until late 2014, Álvarez transitioned to first base for the Pirates in 2015, and in 2016 became a designated hitter for the Orioles. On June 19, 2018, he was designated for assignment by the Orioles.

Major League Baseball Rookie of the Month Award
Major League Baseball (MLB) honors its best rookies with a Rookie of the Month Award for one player in the American League (AL) and one in the National League (NL) during each month of the regular season. These awards have been issued since 2001, with players at all positions eligible.
Khalji invasion of Mithila
The Khalji invasion of Mithila took place between 1297–1298 as a military expedition led by the Delhi Sultanate against the Karnats of Mithila in present-day Northern Bihar.

The only source for the conflict between the Delhi Sultanate and Mithila is Mulla Taqia. According to him, the Mithila king Shaktisimhadeva defeated the Delhi army in the first three battles, fought at Maqbara and Sakkuri. In the final battle, the Mithila king was defeated and arrested. According to the Mithila tradition, Shaktisimharadeva subsequently served as a commander of the Delhi army during Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Ranthambore, but this tradition is not supported by any reliable evidence. Nevertheless, the Mithila king likely became an ally or a vassal of Alauddin Khalji: according to Mulla Taqia, he financially supported Alauddin Khalji. Mithila appears to have regained its independent status as an ally of the Delhi Sultanate, until its annexation by the Tughluq dynasty in 1324.

Caṇḍeśvara Ṭhakkura
Caṇḍeśvara Thakkura was a Maithili-language political theorist and general during the 14th century. He served as minister for peace and war and chief judge in the court of Harisimhadeva who was the last King of the Karnat dynasty of Mithila. This dynasty ruled parts of modern-day Mithilanchal and Southern Nepal. His family had their origins in the village of Bisfi in modern-day Madhubani district.
Kosmos 1317
Kosmos 1317 (Russian: Космос 1317 meaning Cosmos 1317) was a Soviet US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1981 as part of the Soviet military's Oko programme. The satellite was designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 1317 was launched from Site 16/2 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 22:54 UTC on 31 October 1981. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1981-108A . The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 12933.

Kosmos 1317 was a US-K satellite like Kosmos 862 that self-destructed in orbit, NASA believe deliberately. The first debris elements were
spotted on 25 May 1981. All of the resultant debris is still in orbit.

Kosmos (satellite)
Kosmos (Russian: Космос, IPA: [ˈkosməs], meaning '(outer) space') is a designation given to many satellites operated by the Soviet Union and subsequently Russia. Kosmos 1, the first spacecraft to be given a Kosmos designation, was launched on 16 March 1962.
Altstadt (Zurich)
The Altstadt (German pronunciation: [ˈaltˌʃtat] ⓘ, lit. 'old town') in the Swiss city of Zurich encompasses the area of the entire historical city before 1893, before the incorporation of what are now districts 2 to 12 into the municipality, over the period 1893 to 1934. Die Altstadt approximately corresponds to the area enclosed by the former city ramparts, and is today within the administrative area of the city called Kreis 1 (District 1).

With a population of 5,617 (as of 2015), it houses about 1.4% of the city's total population.

Administratively, District 1 is divided into four parts or quarters by the Zurich statistical office, Rathaus (town hall), Hochschulen (universities), Lindenhof ("lime trees courtyard") and City. Lindenhof and Rathaus correspond to the parts of the medieval city left (west) and right (east) of the Limmat, respectively, while City and Hochschulen include the area of the Early Modern city west and east of the medieval walls, respectively.

Quaibrücke, Zurich
Quaibrücke (lit. 'Quay Bridge') is a road, tramway, pedestrian and bicycle bridge over the river Limmat, at the outflow of Lake Zurich in the city of Zurich, Switzerland. It was built simultaneously with the construction of Zurich's new quays between 1881 and 1887.
Ancon (archaeological site)
Ancon is an archaeological site in the north of the Bay of Ancon, in the Ancón District, on the central coast of Peru. It is one of the most important centers of the Peruvian archeology and features a vast necropolis of the pre-Hispanic era, with countless funerary sites. Permanent occupation in Ancon is documented throughout all periods of Andean history. The oldest evidence of human occupation dates back 10,000 years ago to the preceramic period.

Federico Kauffmann Doig
Federico Kauffmann Doig (born September 20, 1928) is a Peruvian historian, archaeologist, and anthropologist. He has made great contributions to the study of the civilizations of Ancient Peru, particularly on the Chavín culture and the Chachapoya culture.
Small Münsterländer
The Small Münsterländer (also SM or Kleiner Münsterländer) is a versatile hunting-pointing-retrieving dog breed that reached its current form in the area around Münster, Germany. The Large Münsterländer is from the same area, but was developed from different breeding stock and is not related as the names would suggest. Small Münsterländers bear a resemblance to both spaniels and setters but are more versatile while hunting on land and water. The Small Münsterländer is recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale under Group 7, Section 1.2, Continental Pointing Dogs of Spaniel type, by the American Kennel Club as a Foundation Stock Service breed, and by The Kennel Club and the United Kennel Club as a gun dog. It is related to the Epagneul Français and the Drentsche Patrijshond.

Setter
The setter is a type of gundog used most often for hunting game such as quail, pheasant, and grouse.

In the UK, the four setter breeds, together with the pointers, usually form a subgroup within the gundog group as they share a common function. However, the setter breeds each have subtle differences in head, bone and substance.

The American and Canadian Kennel Clubs classify these breeds within the Sporting Group. Setters from show lines are usually considered to be heavier and larger than those from 'working' lines.
Camp House Fire
The Camp House Fire was a large, destructive wildfire that burned 2 miles (3.2 km) northeast of Brimson, Minnesota. The fire started on May 11, 2025 from an unattended campfire, then quickly spread and destroyed 144 structures and burned 12,071 acres (4,885 ha; 48.85 km2). The Camp House Fire burned alongside the Jenkins Creek Fire, and both fires were part of the Brimson Complex.

Unseasonably warm temperatures, dry fuel, strong winds, and increasing levels of drought fueled the fire's rapid spread. Additionally, balsam fir and spruce trees killed by the eastern spruce budworm. This caused the trees to lose their pine needles and dry up, providing ample fire fuel.

Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, or Minnesota DNR, is the agency of the U.S. state of Minnesota charged with conserving and managing the state's natural resources. The agency maintains areas such as state parks, state forests, recreational trails, and recreation areas as well as managing minerals, wildlife, and forestry throughout the state. The agency is divided into six divisions - Ecological & Water Resources, Enforcement, Fish & Wildlife, Forestry, Lands & Minerals, and Parks & Trails.
Hanging miniature
Hanging miniature is an in-camera special effect similar to a matte shot where a model, rather than a painting, is placed in the foreground and the action takes place in the background.  It is thus a specific form of forced perspective.

Forced perspective
Forced perspective is a technique that employs optical illusion to make an object appear farther away, closer, larger or smaller than it actually is. It manipulates human visual perception through the use of scaled objects and the correlation between them and the vantage point of the spectator or camera. It has uses in photography, filmmaking and architecture.
Social Democratic Bund
The Social Democratic Bund, or the General Jewish Labour Bund, the Bund (S.D.) or, later, the "Bund" in the Soviet Union (Yiddish: בונד„ אין ראטן־פֿאַרבאַנד"), was a short-lived Jewish political party in Soviet Russia. It was formed as the Russian Bund was split at its conference in Gomel in April 1920. The Social Democratic Bund was formed out of the right-wing minority section of the erstwhile Russian Bund. The party was led by Raphael Abramovitch. After 1923, it continued to exist in exile.

Raphael Abramovitch
Raphael Abramovitch Rein (Russian: Рафаил Абрамович Рейн; 21 July 1880 – 11 April 1963) was a Russian socialist, a member of the General Jewish Workers' Union in Lithuania, Poland and Russia (Bund), and a leader of the Menshevik wing of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party (RSDRP).

Abramovitch emigrated from Soviet Russia in 1920, landing in Berlin, where he was a co-founder of the long-running Menshevik journal The Socialist Courier. After 1940, with the rise of fascism in Europe, he made his way to the United States, where he lived his final years.
Sculthorpe Training Area
Sculthorpe Training Area, previously Royal Air Force Sculthorpe / (RAF Sculthorpe), is a military training site administered by the Defence Training Estate, part of the Ministry of Defence (MoD). It is approximately 3 miles (4.8 kilometres) west of Fakenham in the county of Norfolk in England.

The training area occupies the larger part of the former RAF Sculthorpe, a military airbase used by RAF bombers in the later stages of the Second World War (1942–45), by United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE) units from 1952 to 1962, and thereafter temporary visiting airmen and support crews of both the Royal Air Force (RAF) and United States Air Force (USAF) until its closure as an active airfield on 2 October 1992 (1992-10-02). In 1997, the Ministry of Defence sold the technical, domestic and administrative site, but retained the airfield itself, including the runways, taxiways, dispersal areas and the adjacent dispersed secure weapon storage area.

No. 140 Expeditionary Air Wing
No. 140 Expeditionary Air Wing is a deployable Expeditionary Air Wing of the Royal Air Force based at RAF Lossiemouth, Moray, Scotland, UK.

The current wing was established on 1 April 2006 the wing has history dating back to May 1944:
Pike nose
A pike nose (from Russian: щучий нос) is a configuration of vehicle armour in which an armoured vehicle's frontal armour consists of three angular plates put together to form a cone-like shape, similar to the nose of a pike, from which the name stems. Often welded, it can also be cast. The design allows for very effective frontal angling of the armour plates, increasing protection from the front.

The pike nose has appeared on armoured vehicles since World War I, but the design gained popularity following World War II, with heavy tank designs such as the Soviet IS-3. Following the obsolescence of heavy tanks, however, the design has become rare in modern times, only rarely appearing on light vehicles.

Valiant tank
The Tank, Infantry, Valiant (A38) was a British tank design of the Second World War that only reached the prototype stage. It was intended to meet a specification for a well-armoured, light-medium tank, for use against Japanese forces in the South-East Asia theatre. The prototype demonstrated that the design was a failure and this sole example produced was retained by the School of Tank Technology as a lesson to its students.