hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Modified milk ingredients
Modified milk ingredients also called natural milk constituents are umbrella terms for a group of milk products which have an altered chemical state from that which is naturally found in milk. This includes casein, caseinates, whey products (including whey butter and whey cream), cultured milk products (including yogurt, sour cream and cultured buttermilk), ultrafiltered milk, milk protein concentrate, milk serum proteins and fats. Since the products vary considerably in composition, there is also a large variation in their nutritional value, and this has been a source of public concern as they are sometimes used to entirely replace milk or other more recognizable dairy products.

Milk protein concentrate
Milk protein concentrate (MPC) is any type of concentrated milk product that contains 40–90% milk protein, typically from cow milk.  The United States officially defines MPC as "any complete milk protein (casein plus lactalbumin) concentrate that is 40 percent or more protein by weight." In addition to ultrafiltered milk products, the MPC classification includes concentrates made through other processes, such as blending nonfat dry milk with highly concentrated proteins, such as casein.
Bosphorus Cross Continental Swim
The Bosphorus Cross-Continental Swim (Turkish: Boğaziçi Kıtalararası Yüzme Yarışı) is an annual open water swimming event between the continents Europe and Asia held annually at Bosphorus, Istanbul, Turkey. Established in 1989, the event is organized by the Turkish Olympic Committee and sponsored by Samsung.

Bosporus
The Bosporus or Bosphorus Strait is a natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in Turkey which is straddled by the city of  Istanbul. The Bosporus connects the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara and forms one of the continental boundaries between Asia and Europe. It also divides Turkey by separating Asia Minor from Thrace. It is the world's narrowest strait used for international navigation.

Most of the shores of the Bosporus Strait, except for the area to the north, are heavily settled, with the city of Istanbul's metropolitan population of 17 million inhabitants extending inland from both banks.

The Bosporus Strait and the Dardanelles Strait at the opposite end of the Sea of Marmara are together known as the Turkish Straits.

Sections of the shore of the Bosporus in Istanbul have been reinforced with concrete or rubble and those sections of the strait prone to deposition are periodically dredged.
Brunon Bendig
Brunon Bendig (6 October 1938 – 15 September 2006) was a Polish amateur boxer who won a silver medal in the featherweight division at the 1965 European Championships. He competed in the 1960 and 1964 Olympics in bantamweight and won a bronze medal in 1960, losing in the semifinal to the eventual winner Oleg Grigoryev. In 1964 he was eliminated in the second bout.

Bantamweight
Bantamweight is a weight class in combat sports and weightlifting. For boxing, the range is above 115 lb (52.2 kg) and up to 118 lb (53.5 kg). In kickboxing, a bantamweight fighter generally weighs between 53 and 55 kilograms (117 and 121 lb). In MMA, bantamweight is 126–135 lb (57.2–61.2 kg).

The name for the class is derived from bantam chickens. Brazilian jiu-jitsu has an equivalent Rooster weight.
2016 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
The 2016 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the GAA's premier inter-county gaelic football competition for under 18's. 32 teams took part.

The winners receive the Tom Markham Cup.

The defending champions were Kerry who defeated Tipperary in the 2015 final.

Kerry beat Galway 3-07 to 0-09 in the final on 18 September 2016 for their third consecutive championship.

Provinces of Ireland
There are four provinces of Ireland: Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster. The Irish word for this territorial division, cúige, meaning "fifth part", suggests that there were once five, and at times Meath has been considered to be the fifth province. In the medieval period, however, there were often more than five. The number of provinces and their delineation fluctuated until 1610, when they were permanently set by the administration of James I. The provinces of Ireland no longer serve administrative or political purposes but function as historical and cultural entities.
Grossmont High School
Grossmont High School is a public high school in eastern San Diego County, California. Opened in 1920, it is the oldest public high school in East County and the first of twelve high schools currently in Grossmont Union High School District. The school has an approximate enrollment of 2,800 students.

Grossmont High School has been accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC) since 1962. It was recognized as being a California Distinguished School for the scholastic year of 2008–2009.

The school's mascot is the Foothiller, so chosen because, at the time of the school's construction, East County was much more isolated from the rest of San Diego than it is today and was often referred to as the boondocks or the foothills.

Julia Stewart (businesswoman)
Julia A. Stewart (born August 4, 1955) is an American businesswoman and former chief executive of DineEquity, Inc., now known as Dine Brands Global Inc., a publicly traded food and beverage company based in Pasadena, California.
2020 Wolffkran Open
The 2020 Wolffkran Open was a professional tennis tournament played on carpet courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2020 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Ismaning, Germany between 19 and 25 October 2020.

2020 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2020 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2020 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 57 tournaments with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $162,480. It was the 43rd edition of challenger tournaments cycle and 12th under the name of Challenger Tour.

The Challenger Tour was suspended between 13 March and 16 August due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Leonard Rowland
Sir Leonard Bromfield Rowland (29 December 1862 – 18 December 1939) served as mayor of Wrexham, Wales from 1915 to 1919.

Born in Wrexham and educated at Grove Park School in the town, he was elected to Wrexham Town Council in 1908. He was knighted in the 1920 New Year Honours for services to Wrexham.

Mayor of Wrexham
The mayor of Wrexham is the civic figurehead and first citizen of the city and county borough of Wrexham in the north of Wales. It was established in 1857, upon the granting of a Charter of Incorporation to the town of Wrexham, resulting in the establishment of a borough and borough council.

The position is now elected by members of Wrexham County Borough Council at their annual meeting, and today, holders of the position conventionally serve a one-year term. The position is currently held by Councillor Tina Mannering of Gwersyllt for the 2025/2026 term.
1998 Shanghai Open – Doubles
The 1998 Shanghai Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet in Shanghai, China that was part of the International Series of the 1998 ATP Tour. It was the third edition of the tournament and was held from 5 October – 12 October.

1998 ATP Tour
The ATP Tour is the elite tour for professional men's tennis organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The ATP Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the ATP World Tour Finals, the ATP Super 9, the Championship Series and the World Series tournaments.
Hisarøyna
Hisarøyna is an island in Gulen Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The 18.7-square-kilometre (7.2 sq mi) island lies about 600 metres (2,000 ft) west of the mainland, and about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) west of the village of Eivindvik, the municipal centre of Gulen Municipality. The island is located south of the Sognesjøen and north of the Gulafjorden. In 2001, there were 43 residents living on the island.

Eivindvik
Eivindvik is the administrative centre of Gulen Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located on the mainland, along the north shore of the Gulafjorden. It is also located about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of the village of Dingja (and the lake Dingevatnet), about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) northwest of the village of Dalsøyra, and about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) northeast of the village of Byrknes.

Eivindvik is the commercial centre of the municipality as well as the seat of government for the municipality. Gulen Church has been located in Eivindvik for centuries. The 0.4-square-kilometre (99-acre) village has a population (2025) of 336 and a population density of 840 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,200/sq mi).
Outline of caves
The following outline provides an overview of and topical guide to natural caves. The word "cave" is loosely defined, but most commonly refers to a natural opening large enough to be entered by a human. These landforms are common around the world, and have even been detected on the Moon and Mars. This outline's scope is limited to these natural formations, specifically excluding the rock-cut features which are often referred to as caves in Eastern Asia.

Caving in the United Kingdom
Recreational caving in the United Kingdom dates back to the mid-19th century. The four major caving areas of the United Kingdom are North Yorkshire, South Wales, Derbyshire, and the Mendips. Minor areas include Devon, Forest of Dean, North Wales, and the Scottish Highlands.

Caving grew in popularity in the 1950s and 60s through participation in caving clubs. There are about 4,000 active cavers in the UK and nearly twenty times that number who attend instructor-led courses each year in caves around the country. In addition, many tourists visit show caves such as Wookey Hole Caves.

Cave diving is a niche technical area of caving practised in the UK since the 1930s. This skill enables cavers to explore water-filled cave passages  in Britain, and around the world. In recent years, British cave divers have been called on internationally for cave rescues and recoveries.
Ribes leptanthum
Ribes leptanthum is a spiny-stemmed, small-leaved species of gooseberry in the genus Ribes commonly called trumpet gooseberry. It is native to Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, and Utah, where it is usually found in high-altitude canyons.

Gooseberry
Gooseberry (/ˈɡuːsbɛri/ GOOSS-berr-ee or /ˈɡuːzbɛri/ GOOZ-berr-ee (American and northern British) or /ˈɡʊzbəri/ GUUZ-bər-ee (southern British)) is a common name for many species of Ribes (which also includes currants), as well as a large number of plants of similar appearance, and also several unrelated plants (see List of gooseberries). The berries of those in the genus Ribes (sometimes placed in the genus Grossularia) are edible and may be green, orange, red, purple, yellow, white, or black.
Quarter period
In mathematics, the quarter periods K(m) and iK ′(m) are special functions that appear in the theory of elliptic functions.

The quarter periods K and iK ′ are given by

and

When m is a real number, 0 < m < 1, then both K and K ′ are real numbers.  By convention, K is called the real quarter period and iK ′ is  called the imaginary quarter period.  Any one of the numbers m, K, K ′, or K ′/K uniquely determines the others.

These functions appear in the theory of Jacobian elliptic functions; they are called quarter periods because the elliptic functions  and  are periodic functions with periods  and  However, the  function is also periodic with a smaller period (in terms of the absolute value) than , namely .

Elliptic function
In the mathematical field of complex analysis, elliptic functions are special kinds of meromorphic functions, that satisfy two periodicity conditions. They are named elliptic functions because they come from elliptic integrals. Those integrals are in turn named elliptic because they first were encountered for the calculation of the arc length of an ellipse.

Important elliptic functions are Jacobi elliptic functions and the Weierstrass -function.

Further development of this theory led to hyperelliptic functions and modular forms.
Purity in Buddhism
Purity (Pali: Vissudhi) is an important concept within much of Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism, although the implications of the resultant moral purification may be viewed differently in the varying traditions. The aim is to purify the personality of the Buddhist practitioner so that all moral and character defilements and defects (kleśas such as anger, ignorance and lust) are wiped away and nirvana can be obtained.

Ātman (Buddhism)
Ātman (/ˈɑːtmən/), attā or attan in Buddhism is the concept of self, and is found in Buddhist literature's discussion of the concept of non-self (Anatta). Most Buddhist traditions and texts reject the premise of a permanent, unchanging atman (self, soul).
Fubing system
The fubing system (Chinese: 府兵制; pinyin: fǔbīng zhì; Wade–Giles: fu-ping chih) was a local militia system in Imperial China from the 6th to 8th centuries AD, originating in the Western Wei dynasty and subsequently adopted by the Northern Zhou, Sui, and Tang dynasties.

Western Wei
Wei (/weɪ/), known in historiography as the Western Wei (Chinese: 西魏; pinyin: Xī Wèi), was an imperial dynasty of China that followed the disintegration of the Northern Wei. One of the Northern dynasties during the era of the Northern and Southern dynasties, it ruled the western part of northern China from 535 to 557 AD. As with the Northern Wei dynasty that preceded it, the ruling family of the Western Wei were members of the Tuoba clan of the Xianbei.
Huacheng Publishing House
Huacheng Publishing House (Chinese: 花城出版社; pinyin: Huāchéng Chūbǎnshè), or Flower City  Publishing House, is the only professional literary and artistic publishing house in Guangdong Province, China. Established in Guangzhou in January 1981, the publishing house has published a wide variety of titles covering fiction and non-fiction, poems, proses, as well as translation works. It is also known for its children’s books.

Flower City (magazine)
Flower City (Chinese: 花城; pinyin: Huāchéng), or Huacheng, is a Chinese bimonthly literary magazine founded in Guangzhou in 1979. It mainly publishes medium-length and long-length novels, as well as works of other genres. Flower City is the only large-scale pure literature journal in Guangdong Province, and has been listed as one of the Four Famous Dan Chinese literary journals along with Harvest, Shiyue and Dangdai. It is also hailed as the "cradle of avant-garde literature" in China.
105 Mile Post Indian Reserve No. 2
105 Mile Post 2 (2006 population 5) is an Indian reserve in the Thompson Country of the Interior of British Columbia, Canada, just west of the town of Ashcroft.  The reserve is administered by the Ashcroft Indian Band of the Nlaka'pamux people.

This Indian Reserve should not be confused with 105 Mile House, which is a locality near 100 Mile House farther north.

Thompson Country
Thompson Country, also referred to as The Thompson and sometimes as the Thompson Valley and historically known as the Couteau Country or Couteau District, is a historic geographic region of the Southern Interior of British Columbia, more or less defined by the basin of the Thompson River. This is a tributary of the Fraser; the major city in the area is Kamloops.
1976 Senior League World Series
The 1976 Senior League World Series took place from August 17–21 in Gary, Indiana, United States. Pingtung, Taiwan defeated Aiea, Hawaii twice in the championship game. It was Taiwan's fifth straight championship.

Senior League World Series
The Senior League World Series is a baseball tournament for adolescents aged 13 to 16 years old that began in 1961. In 2017, the tournament was moved from Bangor, Maine to Easley, South Carolina. (Easley was the site of the Big League World Series from 2001 to 2016. The Big League division was discontinued after the 2016 Big League World Series.) It is patterned after the Little League World Series, which was named for the World Series in Major League Baseball since 2002.

The Senior League World Series is one of seven tournaments sponsored by Little League International. Each of them brings baseball or softball teams from around the world together in one of four age divisions. The tournament structure for each division's World Series is similar to that used for the Little League Baseball World Series.
Meaning and Necessity
Meaning and Necessity: A Study in Semantics and Modal Logic (1947; enlarged edition 1956) is a book about semantics and modal logic by the philosopher Rudolf Carnap. The book, in which Carnap discusses the nature of linguistic expressions, was a continuation of his previous work in semantics in Introduction to Semantics (1942) and Formalization of Logic (1943). Considered an important discussion of semantics, it was influential and provided a basis for further developments in modal logic.

A particularly famous further development in semantics and modal logic, Saul Kripke's Naming and Necessity, is titled as a reference to Carnap's book.

Intension
In any of several fields of study that treat the use of signs—for example, in linguistics, logic, mathematics, semantics, semiotics, and philosophy of language—an intension is any property or quality connoted by a word, phrase, or another symbol. In the case of a word, the word's definition often implies an intension. For instance, the intensions of the word plant include properties such as "being composed of cellulose (not always true)", "alive", and "organism", among others. A comprehension is the collection of all such intensions.
Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment Vietnam deployments 1965–1972
The Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment contributed companies to the 1st Australian Task Force, deployed in Phước Tuy Province, Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) during the Vietnam War from 1967 to 1972.

While 1st Battalion, RNZIR remained at Terendak Camp in Malaysia, it sent a series of rifle companies to serve with the Australian Army in Vietnam. Meanwhile, the remainder of the regiment, six Territorial Force battalions, remained home in New Zealand.

Châu Đức district
Châu Đức is a former rural district of Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province in the Southeast region of Vietnam. As of 2019 the district had a population of 143,859. The district covers an area of 421 km2 (163 sq mi). The district capital lies at Ngãi Giao.

There are some natural sights here such as Bàu Sen and the Xuân Sơn waterfall.
Dikhawa
Dikhawa (transl. Show Off) is a Pakistani anthology series that premiered on 25 April 2020, on Geo Entertainment. It was created by Abdullah Kadwani and Asad Qureshi under 7th Sky Entertainment. Being the spin-off to the anthology series Makafaat, it features different short episodic stories focusing on religious and social repercussions of showing off, pretentiousness, and posturing.

Pakistani dramas
Pakistani dramas, or Pakistani serials, are televised serials produced in Pakistan. Although most of the serials are produced in Urdu, an increasing number are produced in other Pakistani languages such as Sindhi, Pashto, Punjabi and Balochi. One of Pakistan's oldest television dramas is the Urdu serial Khuda Ki Basti, which aired in 1969. Pakistani dramas, like serials elsewhere, reflect the country's culture. According to critics, the decades of 1970s and 1980s are considered to be the golden age of Pakistani serials.

In 2016, a Dawn News report estimated that the five major entertainment channels combined produce around 80 dramas every year, with an average of 16 dramas per channel.

They have helped to attract viewers nationwide to television. The serials are widely popular in South Asian countries, including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India and Nepal.
Sadeyreh-ye Olya
Sadeyreh-ye Olya (Persian: سديره عليا, also Romanized as Sadeyreh-ye ‘Olyā; also known as Şaveyreh, Şoveyreh, Surin, and Sweira) is a village in Jarahi Rural District, in the Central District of Mahshahr County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 99, in 21 families.

Central District (Bandar Mahshahr County)
The Central District of Bandar Mahshahr County (Persian: بخش مرکزی شهرستان ماهشهر) is in Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Bandar-e Mahshahr.

Bandar-e Mahshahr is an ancient city and port in Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran. Originally known as Reyshahr and then Machuleh, it eventually came to be known as Bandar-e Ma'shoor. The name changed again in 1965, this time to Bandar-e Mah Shahr. The word Mah-shahr means "city of the moon."
Thep Xanh Nam Dinh F.C.
Nam Định Football Club (Vietnamese: Câu lạc bộ bóng đá Thép Xanh Nam Định), currently known as Thép Xanh Nam Định due to sponsorship reasons, is a Vietnamese professional football club based in Nam Định ward, Ninh Bình. The club is currently the defending champions of the V.League 1, the highest football division of Vietnam.

2025–26 AFC Champions League Two
The 2025–26 AFC Champions League Two is the 22nd edition of the Asia's second-tier club football tournament, organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), and the second under the AFC Champions League Two title.

It features 32 teams in the group stage. The winner will be given a direct league stage slot for the 2026–27 AFC Champions League Elite, if they have not already qualified through their domestic performance.

Sharjah are the reigning champions. They were unable to defend their title as they participated in the AFC Champions League Elite league stage instead.
Albin Ekdal
Albin Ekdal (Swedish: [ˈǎlːbɪn ˈêːkdɑːl]; born 28 July 1989) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder. He is the older brother of footballer Hjalmar Ekdal.

Formed at Brommapojkarna, Ekdal spent most of his career in Italy, where he has made over 300 Serie A appearances. He has represented Cagliari, Juventus, Siena, Bologna, Sampdoria and Spezia in the competition. He also spent three years in Germany's Bundesliga with Hamburger SV.

A full international between 2011 and 2023, Ekdal won 70 caps for the Sweden national team. He represented his country at UEFA Euro 2016, the 2018 FIFA World Cup, and UEFA Euro 2020.

Swedish Football Association
The Swedish Football Association (Swedish: Svenska Fotbollförbundet, SvFF) is the governing and body of football in Sweden. It organises the football leagues – Allsvenskan for men and Damallsvenskan for women – and the men's and women's national teams. It is based in Solna and is a founding member of both FIFA and UEFA. SvFF is supported by 24 district organisations.