hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Point Iroquois
The Battle of Point Iroquois was a small skirmish fought on the morning of November 8, 1813, as part of Wilkinson's advance up the St. Lawrence towards Montreal. The skirmish occurred on the shores of the St. Lawrence River at Point Iroquois, Dundas County, where the river reached its narrowest point, only 500 yards across.

Wade Hampton I
Major General Wade Hampton (c. 1750 – February 4, 1835) was an American military officer, planter, and politician who served in the American Revolutionary War and War of 1812. Sitting in the United States Congress for two terms, Hampton was one of the wealthiest planters and largest slaveowners in the United States at the time of his death. In addition to suppressing the 1811 German Coast uprising, a slave rebellion in Louisiana, he is also known for leading American forces to defeat at the 1813 Battle of the Chateauguay.
Edmund Webb (MP)
Edmund Webb (c. 1639 – 13 December 1705) was the member of Parliament for Cricklade for several parliaments from 1679 to 1698, and the member for Ludgershall in 1701 and 1702.

His son John, later John Richmond Webb (1667–1724), who rose to the rank of General in the army, was also returned as an MP and was the builder of Biddesden House near Ludgershall.

Ludgershall (UK Parliament constituency)
Ludgershall was a parliamentary borough in Wiltshire, England, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons from 1295 until 1832, when the borough was abolished by the Great Reform Act.

Ludgershall is a town 16 miles (26 km) north-east of Salisbury. The population was 535 in 1831.
Tucidinostat
Tucidinostat (INN, also known as chidamide and sold under the brand names Epidaza and Hiyasta) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDI) developed in China. It was also known as HBI-8000. It is a benzamide HDI and inhibits Class I HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, as well as Class IIb HDAC10.

Tucidinostat is approved by the Chinese FDA for relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) and has orphan drug status in Japan. In Japan, it was approved for relapsed or refractory adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATLL) treatment in June 2021.

Tucidinostat is being researched as a treatment for pancreatic cancer. However, it is not US FDA approved for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Benzamide
Benzamide is an organic compound with the chemical formula of C7H7NO. It is the simplest amide derivative of benzoic acid. In powdered form, it appears as a white solid, while in crystalline form, it appears as colourless crystals. It is slightly soluble in water, and soluble in many organic solvents. It is a natural alkaloid found in the herbs of Berberis pruinosa.
Gnav
Gnav is a traditional Danish and Norwegian social game that has been played with either special cards or wooden pieces with similar motifs. Gnav packs appeared after 1820 and the game was popular until c. 1920. The game can be played by 20 or more players, and a minimum of two. Today, only the playing card version is available in Norway.

Gnav descends from the 18th century Italian card game of Cuccù, played with bespoke packs, which, in turn is based on a much older French game called Mécontent, the precursor to Coucou.

Glossary of card game terms
The following is a glossary of terms used in card games. Besides the terms listed here, there are thousands of other common and uncommon slang terms. Terms in this glossary are not game-specific (e.g. specific to bridge, hearts, poker or rummy), but apply to a wide range of card games played with non-proprietary packs. It should not include terms solely related to casino or banking games. For glossaries that relate primarily to one game or family of similar games, see Game-specific glossaries.
Nympha of Laodicea
Nympha, or the masculine rendering Nymphas (fl. mid-1st century CE) was an early Christian leader noted in the New Testament for hosting a house church, as mentioned in Colossians 4:15–16. Her brief appearance in the Pauline epistle, generally dated to 62 CE, has led scholars to view her as an established and influential member of the early Christian community in the Lycus Valley region of Asia Minor (Turkey). Most scholars now agree that Nympha was female, contrary to the male reading found in some 5th-century Western text-type revisions.

R. McL. Wilson
Robert McLachlan Wilson, FBA (13 February 1916 – 27 June 2010), commonly known as Robin Wilson and published as R. McL. Wilson, was a Scottish biblical scholar, translator and Church of Scotland minister. An expert on Gnosticism, he was the Professor of Biblical Studies at the University of St Andrews from 1978 to 1983.
4th Army (France)
The Fourth Army (French: IVe Armée), nicknamed the "Army of Fontainebleau", was a unit of the French Army, which fought during World War I and World War II.

It was one of five armies created and mobilized by the Grand Quartier Général when Plan XVII was launched in response to the German attack of August 1914.

Battle of the Ardennes
The Battle of the Ardennes took place during the First World War fought on the frontiers of France, Germany, Belgium and Luxembourg from 21 to 23 August 1914. The German armies defeated the French and forced their retreat. The battle was part of the larger Battle of the Frontiers, the first battle of the Western Front.
Sara Hall
Sara Hall (née Bei; born April 15, 1983) is an American professional distance runner for ASICS. Hall's personal best time for the marathon is 2:20:32 set at the Marathon Project in Chandler, Arizona on December 22, 2020, making her the third-fastest American woman in history.

Hall has won several mile road races including the Drake Relays Grand Blue Mile and the US National Road Mile Championships. She also has won 1500 meter titles including one at the Millrose Games. She is a two time world team member for the United States at the world indoor track and field championships. Her best finish came in 2006 when she finished 12th in the finals of the 3000 meters at the 11th IAAF World Indoor championships. She was also a member of the 2006 and 2015 United States world cross country championship team.

Hall won the 2012 American title at the USA Cross Country Championships, edging Molly Huddle at the line.

California International Marathon
The California International Marathon (CIM) is an annual road marathon (42.195 km (26.219 mi)) held in Northern California since 1983.  The net downhill course starts at Folsom Dam and ends at the State Capitol in Sacramento.  The race is organized by the Sacramento Running Association.

With just under 10,000 finishers, it is one of the ten largest marathons in the United States.
1977 London WCT
The London WCT was a men's professional tennis tournament held on indoor carpet courts at the Earls Court Exhibition Centre in London, England. It was the sixth and final edition of the tournament and was held from 28 March through 3 April 1977. The event was part of the 1977 World Championship Tennis circuit. Fourth-seeded Eddie Dibbs won the singles title and £18,000 / $30,000 first–prize money.

1977 World Championship Tennis circuit
The 1977 season of the World Championship Tennis (WCT) circuit was one of the two rival professional male tennis circuits of 1977. It was organized by World Championship Tennis (WCT) and consisted of a preliminary series of twelve tournaments leading up to a singles play-off in Dallas and doubles play-off in Kansas City in May. 23 players participated and the season final was played by the eight best performers. It was won by American Jimmy Connors who defeated compatriot Dick Stockton in four sets. The total prize money for the 1977 WCT circuit was $2,400,000.

Additionally there were three special events that did not count towards the standings; the Aetna World Cup held in Hartford between America and Australia (10–13 March), the $320,000 Challenge Cup in Las Vegas (14–20 November) and the Tournament of Champions held in Lakeway, Texas (10–13 March, 10–13 July) and Madison Square Garden, New York (17 September).
Modern flat Earth beliefs
Anti-scientific beliefs in a flat Earth are promoted by a number of organizations and individuals. The claims of modern flat Earth proponents are not based on scientific knowledge and are contrary to over two millennia of scientific consensus based on multiple confirming lines of evidence that Earth is roughly spherical. Flat Earth beliefs are classified by experts in philosophy and physics as a form of science denial.

Flat Earth groups of the modern era date from the middle of the 20th century; some adherents are serious and some are not. Those who are serious are often motivated by religion or conspiracy theories. Through the use of social media, flat Earth theories have been increasingly espoused and promoted by individuals unaffiliated with larger groups. Many believers make use of social media to spread their views.

Antiscience
Antiscience is a set of attitudes and a form of anti-intellectualism that involves a rejection of science and the scientific method. People holding antiscientific views do not accept science as an objective method that can generate universal knowledge. Antiscience commonly manifests through rejection of scientific ideas such as climate change and evolution and the effectiveness of vaccination. It also includes pseudoscience, methods that claim to be scientific but reject the scientific method. Antiscience can lead to belief in false conspiracy theories and alternative medicine. Lack of trust in science has been linked to the promotion of political extremism, corruption and distrust in medical treatments.
Nass al-Houdhour
The Nass al-Houdhour (Arabic: ناس الحضور) are second rank Hezzabine reciting the Hizb Rateb and Salka in mosques and zawiyas in Algeria according to the Algerian Islamic reference under the supervision of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Endowments.

Hafiz (Quran)
In Islam, a hafiz (/ˈhɑːfɪz/; Arabic: حافظ, romanized: ḥāfiẓ, pl. حُفَّاظ, ḥuffāẓ, f. حافظة, ḥāfiẓa) is a person who has memorized the Quran. Hafiza is the female equivalent.

A hafiz is highly respected by the community. A hafiz or hafiza are given titles such as "hafiz sahb" (sir hafiz), أُسْتَاذ, ustāḏ, 'teacher', and occasionally شَيْخ, šayẖ.
David Kear (geologist)
David Kear CMG (29 October 1923 – 5 March 2019) was a New Zealand geologist and science administrator. He served as director-general of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research from 1980 to 1983.

Royal Society of New Zealand
The Royal Society of New Zealand, branded as the Royal Society Te Apārangi, is a not-for-profit body in New Zealand providing funding and policy advice in the fields of sciences and the humanities. These fundings (i.e., Marsden grants and research fellowships) are provided on behalf of the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment.
John L. Piotrowski
General John Louis Piotrowski (born February 17, 1934) is a retired United States Air Force four-star general who served as Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Air Force (VCSAF), from 1985 to 1987; and Commander in Chief, North American Aerospace Defense Command/Commander in Chief, U.S. Space Command (CINCNORAD/USCINCSPACE), from 1987 to 1990.

Air Medal
The Air Medal (AM) is a military decoration of the United States Armed Forces. It was created in 1942 and is awarded for single acts of heroism or meritorious achievement while participating in aerial flight.
Thwaytes v Sotheby's
Thwaytes v Sotheby's [2015] EWHC 36 is an English High Court art law case, concerning the liability in negligence and breach of contract of a leading auction house for the professional opinions and valuations they provide where an interested art historian later has a different opinion affecting its value.

This case involved a copy of Caravaggio's The Cardsharps and whether Sotheby's view that it was indeed a copy and not an autograph work by Caravaggio was correct, or at least, reasonable.

The claimant was Lancelot Thwaytes, the seller of the painting and the defendant was Sotheby's, his auctioneer. Thwaytes was represented by Henry Legge KC (of 5 Stone Buildings) and Andrew Bruce (of Serle Court). Sotheby's was represented by Andrew Onslow KC and the late Richard Edwards (both of 3 Verulam Buildings).

The case was heard in 2014 by Rose J (as she then was). She was later elevated to the Court of Appeal and in April 2021 to the Supreme Court.

Bolitho v City and Hackney HA
Bolitho v City and Hackney Health Authority [1998] AC 232; [1997] 3 WLR 1151; [1997] 4 All ER 771 is an important English tort law case, on the standard of care required by medical specialists. It follows the Bolam test for professional negligence, and addresses the interaction with the concept of causation.
The Journal of Philosophy
The Journal of Philosophy is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal on philosophy, founded in 1904 at Columbia University. Its stated purpose is "To publish philosophical articles of current interest and encourage the interchange of ideas, especially the exploration of the borderline between philosophy and other disciplines." Subscriptions and online access are managed by the Philosophy Documentation Center.

The journal is widely regarded as one of the most prestigious journals in the field. The journal also publishes the Dewey, Woodbridge, and Nagel Lectures series held at Columbia University.

Daniel Dennett
Daniel Clement Dennett III (March 28, 1942 – April 19, 2024) was an American philosopher and cognitive scientist. His research centered on the philosophy of mind, the philosophy of science, and the philosophy of biology, particularly as those fields relate to evolutionary biology and cognitive science.

Dennett was the co-director of the Center for Cognitive Studies and the Austin B. Fletcher Professor of Philosophy at Tufts University in Massachusetts. Dennett was a member of the editorial board for The Rutherford Journal and a co-founder of The Clergy Project.

A vocal atheist and secularist, Dennett has been described as "one of the most widely read and debated American philosophers". He was referred to as one of the "Four Horsemen" of New Atheism, along with Richard Dawkins, Sam Harris, and Christopher Hitchens.
Alabama State Route 176
State Route 176 (SR 176) was created in September 1980 along previous County/Secondary State Roads 81 and 89 in DeKalb County and part of County/Secondary State Road 89 in Cherokee County.  Part of the route took over what had been State Route 275 and forms the northern end of the Little River Canyon Rim Parkway: a scenic, but severely substandard highway following the northern rim of the limestone canyon for 22 miles (35 km).

Alabama State Route 275
State Route 275 (SR 275) was a 8.250-mile (13.277 km) numbered state highway in Alabama. The route was a western and northern bypass route of Talladega.  Commissioned in 1990, SR 275 was the second incarnation of what was originally the designation for the entire Little River Canyon Rim Parkway. SR 275 has been deleted in favor of the designation of bypass as SR 21.
Office of Inspectors General
The Office of Inspectors General of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (Russian: Управление генеральных инспекторов Министерства обороны Российской Федерации) is a constituent part of the Russian Ministry of Defence and the successor to the Soviet-era Group of Inspectors General.

Army general (Russia)
Army general (Russian: Генера́л а́рмии, romanized: Generál ármii) is the second highest military rank in Russia, subordinate only to a marshal and superior to a colonel general. It is a direct counterpart of the Soviet Army General rank.

At present it is also the highest rank in the air force, artillery, aerospace defense forces, armored troops, engineer troops and signal troops, unlike the Soviet Union where similarly ranked officers were called marshals and chief marshals of a branch. The corresponding naval rank is admiral of the fleet.

On appointment as Defence Minister on 7 May 1992, Pavel Grachev was the first officer to be promoted to this rank. Vladimir Yakovlev was promoted to this grade while serving as commander of the Strategic Missile Forces (1997–2001).
Semirâma
Semirâma is an opera in three acts by Ottorino Respighi to a libretto by Alessandro Cerè based on Voltaire's 1748 play Sémiramis, the same subject used for Rossini's Semiramide. Semirâma premiered on 20 November 1910 at the Teatro Comunale di Bologna. The première obtained a great success, with several calls for the composer and the singers.

In this opera, which often exploits the exotic cues offered by the subject, it is possible to find influences of Salome by Richard Strauss.

Salome (opera)
Salome, Op. 54, is an opera in one act by Richard Strauss. The libretto is Hedwig Lachmann's German translation of the 1891 French play Salomé by Oscar Wilde, edited by the composer. Strauss dedicated the opera to his friend Sir Edgar Speyer.

The opera is famous (at the time of its premiere, infamous) for its "Dance of the Seven Veils". The final scene is frequently heard as a concert-piece for dramatic sopranos.
Peter Heritage
Peter Mark Heritage (born 8 November 1960) is an English former professional footballer. Born in Bexhill-on-Sea, he played for Hastings Town, Gillingham, Hereford United and Doncaster Rovers between 1989 and 1993.

Bexhill United F.C.
Bexhill United is a football club based in Bexhill-on-Sea, East Sussex, England. The club was formed in 2002 through the merger of Bexhill Town and Bexhill Amateur Athletic Club, though the latter split from the club in 2006. Affiliated to the Sussex County Football Association, they are currently members of the Southern Combination Premier Division and play at the Polegrove.
Johnny Hansson
Johnny Hansson (born 27 April 1989) is a Swedish Strongman from Värmland.

Hansson participated in his first Sweden's Strongest Man competition in 2015 where he won third place, and became the champion by 2020.

In his first appearance at World's Strongest Man competition in 2018 held in Manila, Philippines, he participated in the second qualifier group where Brian Shaw and Johan Els made it to the finals. In his second appearance in 2021 also he participated in the second qualifier group where Trey Mitchell and Tom Stoltman made it to the finals.

Hansson's career best performances came in 2017 Giants Live Scandinavian Open  where he won second place behind Johannes Årsjö, while defeating Žydrūnas Savickas. He also won second twice at the Força Bruta competition in 2017 and 2019, and third in 2016 Strongman Champions League Latvia.

Johannes Årsjö
Johannes Årsjö (born 21 June 1985) is a Swedish professional strongman competitor notable for coming in 2nd in the 2014 and 2016 Europe's Strongest Man, and winning Sweden's Strongest Man nine times.

Having competed in 39 International strongman competitions and winning 5 of them, Årsjö is among the 50 most decorated strongmen of all time.
ALK-Abelló
ALK-Abelló A/S (Nasdaq Copenhagen: ALK B), also commonly known as ALK, is a Denmark-based pharmaceutical company which specializes in the development and manufacturing of allergy immunotherapy (AIT) products for the prevention and treatment of allergy. It is one of the world's largest makers of allergy immunotherapy products  (also known as ‘allergy vaccines’) with 67% of its revenue coming from sales in Europe.

House dust mite
House dust mites (or simply dust mites) are various species of acariform mites belonging to the family Pyroglyphidae that are found in association with dust in dwellings. They are known for causing allergies.
Jewish Council on Urban Affairs
Jewish Council on Urban Affairs (JCUA) is a nonprofit organization based in Chicago that mobilizes the Jewish community of the region to advance racial and economic justice. JCUA partners with diverse community groups across the city and state to combat racism, antisemitism, poverty and other forms of systemic oppression, through grassroots community organizing, youth education programs, and community development.

Union for Reform Judaism
The Union for Reform Judaism (URJ), formerly known as the Union of American Hebrew Congregations (UAHC) until 2003, founded in 1873 by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise, is the congregational arm of Reform Judaism in North America. The other two arms established by Rabbi Wise are the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion and the Central Conference of American Rabbis. The current president of the URJ is Rabbi Rick Jacobs.

The URJ has an estimated constituency of some 880,000 registered adults in 819 congregations. It claims to represent 2.2 million, as over a third of adult American Jews, including many who are not synagogue members, state affinity with Reform, making it the largest Jewish denomination.  The UAHC was a founding member of the World Union for Progressive Judaism, of which the URJ is the largest constituent by far.
Shek Sheung River
The Shek Sheung River (Chinese: 石上河; also known as River Sutlej), is a river in northern New Territories, Hong Kong. The river originates near Choi Po Court and Hong Kong Golf Club then flows beside the East Rail line before discharging into the Ng Tung River.

Choi Yuen Estate
Choi Yuen Estate (Chinese: 彩園邨) is a public housing estate in Sheung Shui, New Territories, Hong Kong, near Landmark North and MTR Sheung Shui station. It is the first public housing estate in North District and consists of six residential buildings completed between 1981 and 1983.

Yuk Po Court (旭埔苑) and Choi Po Court (彩蒲苑) are Home Ownership Scheme courts in Sheung Shui near Choi Yuen Estate, built in 1982 and 1984 respectively.
2018 Gwangju Open
The 2018 Gwangju Open was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 3rd edition of the tournament which was part of the 2018 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Gwangju, South Korea between 13 and 19 August 2018.

2018 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2018, was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2018 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 159 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $50,000 up to $150,000. It was the 41st edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 10th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Jen Beattie
Jennifer Patricia Beattie MBE (born 13 May 1991) is a Scottish former professional footballer who played for Arsenal FC of the WSL and the Scotland national team.

Her other clubs include Celtic, Bay FC, Montpellier and Manchester City. Beattie is a tall, strong, right-footed player. Although typically a defender or midfielder, she is also an accomplished goalscorer. She is the daughter of former Scotland and British Lions rugby union player John Beattie.

2010–11 FA Women's Cup
The 2010–11 FA Women's Cup was the 41st season of the association football knockout competition. It is the women's national cup competition for England. The competition was won by Arsenal, who won their eleventh FA Women's Cup. They beat Bristol Academy 2–0 in the final at the Ricoh Arena in Coventry.