hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nikos Chatzis
Nikolaos "Nikos" Chatzis (alternative spelling: Hatzis) (Greek: Νίκος Χατζής; born 3 June 1976) is a retired Greek professional basketball player and coach. At a height of 1.96 m (6 ft 5 in) tall, he played at the shooting guard position. He is among the all-time leaders in the history of the Greek Basket League in points scored, assists, 3 pointers made, and games played (since the 1992–93 season).

Coach (basketball)
Basketball coaching is the act of directing and strategizing the behavior of a basketball team or individual basketball player. Basketball coaching typically encompasses the improvement of individual and team offensive and defensive skills, as well as overall physical conditioning. Coaches also have the responsibility to improve their team by player development, strategy, and in-game management. Coaches also teach and inspire their team to be their best.

Coaching is usually performed by a single person, often with the help of one or more assistants.
Edgar Sevikyan
Edgar Martirosovich Sevikyan (Armenian: Էդգար Սևիկյան; Russian: Эдгар Мартиросович Севикян; born 8 August 2001) is a professional footballer who plays as a left winger for Russian club Akron Tolyatti on loan from Ferencváros. Born in Russia, he plays for the Armenia national team.

2023–24 Nemzeti Bajnokság I
The 2023–24 Nemzeti Bajnokság I (also known as 2023–24 OTP Bank Liga), also known as NB I, was the 125th season of top-tier football in Hungary. The league was officially named OTP Bank Liga for sponsorship reasons. The fixtures were announced on 22 June 2023. Ferencváros were the 4-time defending champions.
Jenkki
Jenkki ("Yankee") is a Finnish chewing gum brand developed in 1951 by Huhtamäki. Nowadays Jenkki is in ownership of Cloetta.

In 1975 Jenkki introduced the first chewing gum in the world that included xylitol. Xylitol gum was invented in Turku, Finland. The xylitol was originally derived from birch trees. Nowadays Jenkki xylitol gum is available in numerous different flavours, including peppermint, spearmint, eucalyptus, lemon, tutti frutti, strawberry and salmiakki.

Henri bubble gum wrappers from 1969

Henri bubble gum wrappers from 1969

Xylitol jenkki smaller package

Jenkki Professional

Xylitol
Xylitol is an organic compound with the formula HOCH(CH(OH)CH2OH)2.  Two other isomeric sugar alcohols exist. It is a colorless or white crystalline solid.  It is classified as a polyalcohol  and a sugar alcohol, specifically an alditol. Of the common sugar alcohols, only sorbitol is more soluble in water.

The name derives from Ancient Greek: ξύλον, xyl[on] 'wood', with the suffix -itol used to denote it being a sugar alcohol.

Xylitol is used as a food additive and sugar substitute.  Its European Union code number is E967. Replacing sugar with xylitol in food products may promote better dental health, but evidence is lacking on whether xylitol itself prevents dental cavities. In the United States, xylitol is used as a common sugar substitute, and is considered to be safe for humans.

Xylitol can be toxic to dogs and ferrets.
Puistola
Puistola (Swedish: Parkstad; literally means "park town") is a northeastern part of Helsinki, Finland. It is located along the main railway (Helsinki–Hämeenlinna railway) about two kilometers south of Tikkurila (Vantaa) and about six kilometers north of Malmi (Helsinki). Puistola was previously also considered a field area on the west side of the main railway, but after its construction it was named Tapulikaupunki and classified as belonging to the Suutarila district.

Between Puistola and Tapulikaupunki, along the main railway, is the Puistola railway station.

Suutarila
Suutarila (Swedish: Skomakarböle) is a subdistrict located next to Keravanjoki in a northeastern major district of Helsinki, Finland, near the border to Vantaa

It has an area of 4.13 km2 and a population of 11,413. The neighbouring areas in Helsinki are Tapaninvainio and Tapulikaupunki. Neighbouring areas in Vantaa are Tikkurila, Tammisto and Veromies.
Octavius C. Granady
Octavius C. Granady (March 1, 1885 - April 10, 1928) was an African American lawyer and politician, World War I veteran, and Afro-Caribbean civil rights activist for the Virgin Islands.  After years of advocating for fair treatment of Virgin Islanders, he moved to the United States, where he stood as a reform candidate for committeeman in the "Bloody" Twentieth Ward of Chicago in 1928. The car chase and machine gun assassination of Granady by gangster Al Capone's men, on the day of the infamous so-called "Pineapple Primary", made national headlines. Public disapproval of the violence was followed by crushing political losses for the opposing slate supported by Capone's ally Chicago Mayor William Hale ("Big Bill") Thompson.

United States Virgin Islander citizenship and nationality
The United States Virgin Islands are a group of around 90 islands, islets, and cays in the Caribbean region in which inhabitants were claimed by Spain in 1493. No permanent settlements occurred in the Spanish period and the islands were colonized by Denmark in 1671. The inhabitants remained Danish nationals until 1917. From that date, islanders have derived their nationality from the United States. Nationality is the legal means in which inhabitants acquire formal membership in a nation without regard to its governance type. In addition to being United States' nationals, Virgin Islanders are both citizens of the United States and [local] citizens of the Virgin Islands.
Misuji temple ruins
The Misuji temple ruins (三栖廃寺塔跡, Misu Haiji ato), is an archaeological site with the ruins of a late Hakuhō period Buddhist temple located in the Shimomisu neighborhood of the city of Tanabe, Wakayama, Japan. The temple no longer exists, but the temple grounds were designated as a National Historic Site in 1935, with the area under protection expanded in 1985.

Hakuhō period
The Hakuhō period (白鳳時代, Hakuhō jidai; "white phoenix period") was an unofficial Japanese era name (年号, nengō; "year name") of Emperor Tenmu after Hakuchi and before Suchō.  The duration of this discrete non-nengō timespan lasted from 673 through 686.

The Hakuhō period is more often used as a general term which describes a wider range of years.
Oude Pijp
Oude Pijp (Dutch for "Old Pipe"), also known as Noord-Pijp (Dutch for "North-Pipe") is a neighbourhood of Amsterdam, Netherlands located in an urbanised part of the Zuid borough. It had a population of 14,102 in 2011 and an area of 68 hectares.  Together with Nieuwe Pijp, Oude Pijp forms De Pijp.

Oude Pijp is bordered by the Boerenwetering (west), the Singelgracht (north), the Amstel (east), and the Ceintuurbaan (south). The Sarphatipark is part of Oude Pijp. Notable locations include the Albert Cuyp Market and the Heineken Experience, a former Heineken brewery, currently an industrial museum.

Several books by notable Dutch authors are set in Oude Pijp in the early 20th century:

Kamertjeszonde, by Herman Heijermans

Pijpelijntjes, by Jacob Israël de Haan

Jeugd in De Pijp, Vrijmoedige herinneringen, by Piet Bakker

Corner between the Amsteldijk and Tweede Jan Steenstraat

Marie Heinekenplein

Statue of André Hazes

Gerard Dousstraat

Sarphatipark
The Sarphatipark (Dutch pronunciation: [sɑrˈfaːtiˌpɑr(ə)k]) is a public urban park located in the stadsdeel Amsterdam Oud-Zuid in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The park is named after Samuel Sarphati.

In 1942, the park was renamed "Bollandpark" after G.J.P.J. Bolland, because Samuel Sarphati was a Jew. The old name was restored after the war in 1945.

The Dutch painter Mommie Schwarz and his wife Else Berg lived adjacent to the park from 1927 until their deportation to, and execution at, the Auschwitz concentration camp in 1942.  Some of their last works were landscape paintings of the park.
Time-weighted return
The time-weighted return (TWR, TWRR, TWOR or TTWROR for true time-weighted rate of return) is a method of calculating investment return, where returns over sub-periods are compounded together, with each sub-period weighted according to its duration.
The time-weighted method differs from other methods of calculating investment return, in the particular way it compensates for external flows.

Internal rate of return
Internal rate of return (IRR) is a method of calculating an investment's rate of return. The term internal refers to the fact that the calculation excludes external factors, such as the risk-free rate, inflation, the cost of capital, or financial risk.

The method may be applied either ex-post or ex-ante. Applied ex-ante, the IRR is an estimate of a future annual rate of return. Applied ex-post, it measures the actual achieved investment return of a historical investment.

It is also called the discounted cash flow rate of return (DCFROR) or yield rate.
Hathibada Ghosundi inscriptions
The Hathibada Ghosundi Inscriptions, sometimes referred simply as the Ghosundi Inscription or the Hathibada Inscription, are the oldest Sanskrit inscriptions in the Brahmi script, and dated to the 2nd-1st century BCE. The Hathibada inscription were found near Nagari village, about 8 miles (13 km) north of Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India, while the Ghosundi inscription was found in the village of Ghosundi, about 3 miles (4.8 km) southwest of Chittorgarh.

Narayana
Narayana (Sanskrit: नारायण, IAST: Nārāyaṇa) is one of the forms and epithets of Vishnu. In this form, the deity is depicted in yogic slumber under the celestial ocean, symbolising the masculine principle and associated with his role of creation. He is also known as Purushottama, and is considered the Supreme Being in Vaishnavism.
Yakovlev Yak-12
The Yakovlev Yak-12 (Russian: Яковлев Як-12, also transcribed as Jak-12, NATO reporting name: "Creek") is a light multirole STOL aircraft used by the Soviet Air Forces, Soviet civilian aviation and other countries from 1947 onwards.

Air medical services
Air medical services are the use of aircraft, including both fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters to provide various kinds of urgent medical care, especially prehospital, emergency and critical care to patients during aeromedical evacuation and rescue operations.
Lou Novikoff
Louis Alexander Novikoff (October 12, 1915 – September 30, 1970), nicknamed "the Mad Russian", was an American professional baseball outfielder. He played in all or parts of five seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago Cubs (1941–44) and Philadelphia Phillies (1946).

Novikoff played fastpitch softball before making his professional baseball debut in Minor League Baseball in 1937. The Cubs promoted him to the major leagues in 1941 but sent him back to the minor leagues for the 1945 season. After playing for the Phillies in 1946, he returned to the minor leagues until 1950, when he resumed playing softball. After his career, Novikoff was inducted into the International Softball Congress Hall of Fame and the Pacific Coast League Hall of Fame.

Baseball field
A baseball field, also called a ball field or baseball diamond, is the field upon which the game of baseball is played. The term can also be used as a metonym for a baseball park. The term sandlot is sometimes used, although this usually refers to less organized venues for activities like sandlot ball.
Saif Samejo
Saif Samejo (born 23 January 1984) is a musician and founder, lead vocalist and songwriter of the Pakistani Sufi folk band The Sketches. In May 2014 he opened the first music Aashram (School) in Hyderabad, Sindh named as "Lahooti Music Aashram". He composed music for Dastan-e Momal Rano on the show Coke Studio.

Chang (instrument)
The chang (Persian: چنگ; Persian pronunciation: [tʃæŋɡ]; Turkish: çeng; Arabic: جَنْك al-ǧank or صَنْج ṣanǧ; Georgian: ჩანგი changi) is a Persian musical instrument, a vertical angular harp. It was very popular and used widely during the times of ancient Persia, especially during the Sasanian Dynasty where it was often played in the shahs' court. It was also played until the 19th century in the Ottoman Empire but has since disappeared from Turkish folk music.
Lonie Report
The Victorian Transport Study, better known as the Lonie Report, was an extensive study of freight and passenger transport within the state of Victoria, Australia. The study was set up on 13 June 1979 by the Government of Victoria, and the report was published on 26 September 1980.

Murray Lonie, a retired executive of General Motors and BHP, was appointed to head the study, and the secretary was the head of the Country Roads Board, Robin Underwood.

Monash Freeway
The Monash Freeway is a major urban freeway in Victoria, Australia, linking Melbourne's CBD to its south-eastern suburbs and beyond to the Gippsland region. It carries up to 180,000 vehicles per day and is one of Australia's busiest freeways. The entire stretch of the Monash Freeway bears the designation M1.

The freeway is named in honour of General Sir John Monash, an esteemed Australian military commander for the Allies during World War I.
Ivan Wyschnegradsky
Ivan Alexandrovich Wyschnegradsky (US: /vɪʃnəˈɡrɑːdski/ vish-ne-GROD-skee; Russian: Ива́н Алекса́ндрович Вышнегра́дский May 14 [O.S. 2 May] 1893 – September 29, 1979), was a Russian composer primarily known for his microtonal compositions. For most of his life, from 1920 onwards, Wyschnegradsky lived in Paris.

Alois Hába
Alois Hába (21 June 1893 – 18 November 1973) was a Czech composer, music theorist and teacher. He belongs to the important discoverers in modern classical music, and to the major composers of microtonal music, especially using the quarter-tone scale, though he used others such as sixth-tones (e.g., in the 5th, 10th and 11th String Quartets), fifth-tones (Sixteenth String Quartet), and twelfth-tones. From the other microtonal conceptions, he discussed a "three-quarter tone" system (see three-quarter tone flat and the neutral second) in his theoretical works but he used scales in this tuning in sections of some of his compositions. In his prolific career, Hába composed three operas, an enormous collection of chamber music including 16 string quartets, piano, organ and choral pieces, some orchestral works and songs. He also had special keyboard and woodwind instruments constructed that were capable of playing quarter-tone scales.
2003 NCAA Division I Men's Swimming and Diving Championships
The 2003 NCAA Division I Men's Swimming and Diving Championships were contested from March 27–29, 2003 at the Texas Swimming Center at the University of Texas in Austin, Texas at the 80th annual NCAA-sanctioned swim meet to determine the team and individual national champions of Division I men's collegiate swimming and diving in the United States.

Auburn topped the team standings, the Tigers' third men's title.

NCAA Division I men's swimming and diving championships
The NCAA Division I men's swimming and diving championships (formerly the NCAA University Division swimming and diving championships) are contested at an annual swim meet hosted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the individual and team champions of men's collegiate swimming and diving among its Division I members in the United States. It has been held every year since 1924, except 2020.

The meets take place in a 25-yard pool, except for the Division I meets in 2000 and 2004 which were swum in a 25-meter competition course.

Texas have been the most successful program, with 16 national titles.
Ho Dynamo FC
Dynamo FC is a Ghanaian football club, based in Ho in the Volta Region. The club is a Division One team currently competing in zone 3 of GN Bank Division One League. They play their home matches at the Ho Sports Stadium.

Ho, Ghana
Ho is the capital of the Ho Municipal Assembly and the Volta Region of Ghana. The city lies between Mount Adaklu and Mount Galenukui or Togo Atakora Range, and is home to the Volta Regional Museum, a cathedral, and a prison. The population of Ho Municipality according to the 2010 Population and Housing Census is 177,281 representing 8.4 percent of the region's total population. Females constitute 52.7 percent and males represent 47.3 percent. The population in Ho grew up to 180,420 National Population Census. About 62 percent of the population resides in urban localities. The Municipality shares boundaries with Adaklu and Agotime-Ziope Districts to the South, Ho West District to the North and West and the Republic of Togo to the East (see Figure 1.1). Its total land area is 2,361 square kilometers (912 sq mi) thus representing 11.5 percent of the region's total land area.
Aus der Tiefen rufe ich, Herr, zu dir, BWV 131
Aus der Tiefen rufe ich, Herr, zu dir (Out of the depths I call, Lord, to You), BWV 131, is a church cantata by the German composer Johann Sebastian Bach. It was composed in either 1707 or 1708, which makes it one of Bach's earliest cantatas. Some sources suggest that it could be his earliest surviving work in this form, but current thinking is that there are one or two earlier examples.

The cantata was commissioned by the minister of one of the churches in Mühlhausen, the city where Bach worked at the time. It was possibly written for a special occasion. The text is based on Luther's German version of Psalm 130 and also incorporates the words of a chorale. Bach's music integrates melodies from the chorale into larger structures. Bach also shows his interest in counterpoint, something which was characteristic of him throughout his career.

Baroque instruments
Musical instruments used in Baroque music were partly used already before, partly are still in use today, but with no technology. The movement to perform music in a historically informed way, trying to recreate the sound of the period, led to the use of historic instruments of the period and to the reconstruction of instruments.

The following table lists instruments, classified as brass instruments, woodwinds, strings, and basso continuo. The continuous bass is played by a group of instruments, depending on the given situation. Many instruments have an Italian or French name which is used as a common name also in English. The use of instruments by composers is shown in examples mostly by Johann Sebastian Bach.
Incilius tutelarius
Incilius tutelarius (Chimalapas toad) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in the Sierra Chimalapa and Sierra Madre de Chiapas (including Volcán Tacaná) in Guatemala and Chiapas, Mexico.
Its natural habitats are cloud forests and pine-oak (broadleaf) forests. It is closely associated with streams, its breeding habitat. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Volcán Tacaná
The volcano Tacaná is the second highest peak in Central America at 4,060 metres (13,320 ft), located in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas of western Guatemala and southern Mexico.  It is also known in Mexico as Volcán Tacina.
1955 Ohio Athletic Conference football season
The 1955 Ohio Athletic Conference football season was the season of college football played by the 14 member schools of the Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC), commonly referred to as the "Ohio Conference", as part of the 1955 college football season.

The Muskingum Fighting Muskies, in their eleventh season under head coach Ed Sherman, won the OAC championship with an 8–0 record (7–0 against OAC opponents).

The Heidelberg Student Princes, led by tenth-year head coach Paul Hoernemann, finished in second place with a 9–0 record (5–0 against OAC opponents).

Paul Hoernemann
Paul Heusser Hoernemann (May 18, 1916 – February 28, 1965) was an American football and basketball coach. He served as head football coach at Heidelberg College—now known as Heidelberg University— in Tiffin, Ohio from 1946 to 1959, compiling a record of 102–18–4 and winning five Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) titles. Hoernemann was also the head basketball coach at Heidelberg from 1946 to 1955, tallying a mark of 90–77.

Hoernemann arrived at Heidelberg from New Philadelphia High School, where he had a 24–3 record. After the 1959 season, Hoernemann became a vice president at Heidelberg. He held this position until his death in 1965. In 1966, the new dining hall at Heidelberg was named the Hoernemann Refectory. He was inducted into the Ohio High School Coaches Association Hall of Fame in 1994 and the College Football Hall of Fame in 1997.
Idler's Retreat
Idler's Retreat, also known as the Dillon-Tucker-Cheney House, is a historic house in Smyrna, Tennessee, U.S.. It was built circa 1865 by J. D. Dillon. In 1882, it was purchased by John F. Tucker, and renamed Tucker Place. It was designed in the Greek Revival and Italianate architectural styles. By the 1940s, it was inherited by Brainard Cheney's wife. The couple entertained other writers like Robert Penn Warren, Caroline Gordon, Flannery O'Connor and Allen Tate. The house was later inherited by Roy Neel, who served as the chief of staff to Vice President Al Gore. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since May 19, 2004.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Rutherford County, Tennessee
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Rutherford County, Tennessee.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Rutherford County, Tennessee, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 48 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, and six former listings.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 28, 2025.
Gele (electoral ward)
Gele was one of the electoral wards to Conwy County Borough Council and remains a community ward for the town council of Abergele, Conwy County Borough, Wales. It covers the southern part of the town and a more rural area to the southeast including the settlement of St George. It takes its name from the River Gele which runs through the western part of the ward.

As of 2016 the estimated ward population of the ward was about 4,600, with 22.7% able to speak Welsh.

Abergele
Abergele (Welsh: [ˌabɛrˈɡɛlɛ]; pronunciationⓘ) is a market town and community, situated on the north coast of Wales between the holiday resorts of Colwyn Bay and Rhyl, in Conwy County Borough. It lies within the historic county boundaries of Denbighshire. Its northern suburb of Pensarn lies on the Irish Sea coast. The town is served by Abergele and Pensarn railway station, which is by the coast at Pensarn.
Science in the ancient world
Science in the ancient world encompasses the earliest history of science from the protoscience of prehistory and ancient history to late antiquity. In ancient times, culture and knowledge were passed through oral tradition. The development of writing further enabled the preservation of knowledge and culture, allowing information to spread accurately.

The earliest scientific traditions of the ancient world developed in the Ancient Near East, with Ancient Egypt and Babylonia in Mesopotamia. Later traditions of science during classical antiquity were advanced in ancient Persia, Greece, Rome, India, China, and Mesoamerica. Aside from alchemy and astrology that waned in importance during the Age of Enlightenment, civilizations of the ancient world laid the roots of modern sciences.

Joseph Needham
Noel Joseph Terence Montgomery Needham (/ˈniːdəm/; 9 December 1900 – 24 March 1995) was a British biochemist, historian of science and sinologist known for his scientific research and writing on the history of Chinese science and technology, initiating publication of the multivolume Science and Civilisation in China. He called attention to what has come to be known as the Needham Question, of why and how China had ceded its leadership in science and technology to Western countries.

He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1941 and a fellow of the British Academy in 1971. In 1992, Queen Elizabeth II conferred on him the Order of the Companions of Honour, and the Royal Society noted he was the only living person to hold these three titles.