hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Federation of South African Women
The Federation of South African Women (FEDSAW) was a political lobby group formed in 1954. At FEDSAW's inaugural conference, a Women's Charter was adopted. Its founding was spear-headed by Lillian Ngoyi.

Pass law
In South Africa under apartheid, and South West Africa (now Namibia), pass laws served as an internal passport system designed to racially segregate the population, restrict movement of individuals, and allocate low-wage migrant labor. Also known as the natives' law, these laws severely restricted the movements of Black South African and other racial groups by confining them to designated areas. Initially applied to African men, attempts to enforce pass laws on women in the 1910s and 1950s sparked significant protests. Pass laws remained a key aspect of the country's apartheid system until their effective termination in 1986. The pass document used to enforce these laws was derogatorily referred to as the dompas (Afrikaans: dompas, lit. 'stupid pass').
Fed-batch culture
Fed-batch culture is, in the broadest sense,  defined as an operational technique in biotechnological processes where one or more nutrients (substrates) are fed (supplied) to the bioreactor during cultivation and in which the product(s) remain in the bioreactor until the end of the run.  An alternative description of the method is that of a culture in which "a base medium supports initial cell culture and a feed medium is added to prevent nutrient depletion".  It is also a type of semi-batch culture. In some cases, all the nutrients are fed into the bioreactor. The advantage of the fed-batch culture is that one can control concentration of fed-substrate in the culture liquid at arbitrarily desired levels (in many cases, at low levels).

Generally speaking, fed-batch culture is superior to conventional batch culture when controlling concentrations of a nutrient (or nutrients) affects the yield or productivity of the desired metabolite.

Catabolite repression
Carbon catabolite repression, or simply catabolite repression, is an important part of global control system of various bacteria and other microorganisms.  Catabolite repression allows microorganisms to adapt quickly to a preferred (rapidly metabolizable) carbon and energy source first. This is usually achieved through inhibition of synthesis of enzymes involved in catabolism of carbon sources other than the preferred one. The catabolite repression was first shown to be initiated by glucose and therefore sometimes referred to as the glucose effect. However, the term "glucose effect" is actually a misnomer since other carbon sources are known to induce catabolite repression.

It was discovered by Frédéric Diénert in 1900. Jacques Monod provides a bibliography of pre-1940 literature.
French submarine Farfadet
Farfadet (Q7) was the lead ship of her class of four single-hulled submarines built for the French Navy at the beginning of the 20th century. Farfadet accidentally sank in July 1905 at Bizerte with the loss of 14 men of her crew; two men survived. She was later refloated and recommissioned as the Follet. She was stricken in November 1913.

Farfadet-class submarine
The Farfadet class consisted of four submarines built for the French Navy at the beginning of the 20th century designed by Gabriel Maugas. Two boats were lost in diving accidents. All were disposed of prior to the outbreak of the First World War.
East Islip Union Free School District
East Islip Union Free School District, also referred to as East Islip School District, is a school district on the South Shore of Long Island in Suffolk County, New York.

The district includes East Islip, Great River, Islip Terrace, most of North Great River, and a part of Central Islip. All are communities in the Town of Islip.

Islip, New York
Islip (/ˈaɪslɪp/ EYE-slip) is a town in Suffolk County, New York, United States, on the South Shore of Long Island. The population was 339,938 at the time of the 2020 census, making it the fourth most populous city or town in the New York metropolitan area. The Town of Islip also contains a smaller, unincorporated hamlet and census-designated place named Islip, which serves as the town seat.
Qu (poetry)
The Qu form of poetry is a type of Classical Chinese poetry form, consisting of words written in one of a number of certain, set tone patterns, based upon the tunes of various songs. Thus Qu poems are lyrics with lines of varying longer and shorter lengths, set according to the certain and specific, fixed patterns of rhyme and tone of conventional musical pieces upon which they are based and after which these matched variations in lyrics (or individual Qu poems) generally take their name. The fixed-tone type of verse such as the Qu and the ci together with the shi and fu forms of poetry comprise the three main forms of Classical Chinese poetry.

Shi (poetry)
Shi and shih are romanizations of the character 詩/诗, the Chinese word for all poetry generally and across all languages.

In Western analysis of the styles of Chinese poetry, shi is also used as a term of art for a specific poetic tradition, modeled after the Old Chinese works collected in the Confucian Classic of Poetry. This anthology included both aristocratic poems (the "Hymns" and "Eulogies") and more rustic works believed to have derived from Huaxia folk songs (the "Odes"). They are composed in ancient Chinese, mostly in four-character lines. In such analysis, "shi" poetry is contrasted with other forms such as the Chu-derived "cí" and the Han-era "fu". This use is not common within Chinese literature, however, which instead classifies these poems into other categories such as classical Chinese poetry, Fields and Gardens poetry, and "curtailed" poetry.
Isthmus of cingulate gyrus
The cingulate gyrus commences below the rostrum of the corpus callosum, curves around in front of the genu, extends along the upper surface of the body, and finally turns downward behind the splenium, where it is connected by a narrow isthmus with the parahippocampal gyrus.

Parahippocampal gyrus
The parahippocampal gyrus (or hippocampal gyrus) is a grey matter cortical region, a gyrus of the brain that surrounds the hippocampus and is part of the limbic system. The region plays an important role in memory encoding and retrieval. It has been involved in some cases of hippocampal sclerosis. Asymmetry has been observed in schizophrenia.
Ariana Afghan Airlines
Ariana Afghan Airlines Co. Ltd., also known simply as Ariana, is the flag carrier and largest airline of Afghanistan. Founded in 1955, Ariana is state owned and the oldest airline in the country. The company has its main base at Kabul International Airport, from which it operates domestic flights and international connections to destinations in China, India, Pakistan, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and the United Arab Emirates. The carrier is headquartered in Shāre Naw district, Kabul. Ariana Afghan Airlines has been on the list of air carriers banned in the European Union since October 2006 (2006-10).

Douglas DC-4
The Douglas DC-4 is an American four-engined (piston), propeller-driven airliner developed by the Douglas Aircraft Company. Military versions of the plane, the C-54 and R5D, served during World War II, in the Berlin Airlift and into the 1960s. From 1945, many civil airlines operated the DC-4 worldwide.
Afroholic... The Even Better Times
Afroholic... The Even Better Times is a double-disc hip hop album released by Afroman. Despite Afroman's six-album deal with Universal Records, Afroman recorded one album for Universal, The Good Times, and would release all future albums independently, beginning with this one. There are two versions of this album. The original version featured numerous parody songs. The reissue contained, among others, the song "Whack Rappers", which is a diss to many hip hop and R&B artists, including 50 Cent, Jay-Z, Kelis, Nas and P. Diddy. The album peaked at number 99 on the US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart and number 36 on the Independent Albums chart.

The Good Times
The Good Times is the fourth studio album by Mississippi-based rapper Afroman. It was released after his record deal with Universal Records, and is composed of material taken from his previous independent releases. It contains his two hit singles: "Because I Got High" and "Crazy Rap", along with his other popular songs from his two albums. Most of the songs on the album are about growing up in the ghetto of East Palmdale. The album was certified gold in the United States on October 24, 2001 by the RIAA.
Diminished trapezohedron
In geometry, a diminished trapezohedron is a polyhedron in an infinite set of polyhedra, constructed by removing one of the polar vertices of a trapezohedron and replacing it by a new face (diminishment). It has one regular n-gonal base face, n triangle faces around the base, and n kites meeting on top. The kites can also be replaced by rhombi with specific proportions.

Along with the set of pyramids and elongated pyramids, these figures are topologically self-dual.

It can also be seen as an augmented n-gonal antiprism, with a n-gonal pyramid augmented onto one of the n-gonal faces, and whose height is adjusted so the upper antiprism triangle faces can be made coparallel to the pyramid faces and merged into kite-shaped faces.

They're also related to the gyroelongated pyramids, as augmented antiprisms and which are Johnson solids for n = 4, 5. This sequence has sets of two triangles instead of kite faces.

Pyramid (geometry)
A pyramid is a polyhedron (a geometric figure) formed by connecting a polygonal base and a point, called the apex. Each base edge and apex form a triangle, called a lateral face. A pyramid is a conic solid with a polygonal base. Many types of pyramids can be found by determining the shape of bases, either by based on a regular polygon (regular pyramids) or by cutting off the apex (truncated pyramid). It can be generalized into higher dimensions, known as hyperpyramid. All pyramids are self-dual.
2012–13 SSV Jahn Regensburg season
The 2012–13 SSV Jahn Regensburg season was the 106th season in the club's football history. In 2012–13 the club played in the 2. Bundesliga, the second tier of German football. It was the club's first season back in this league, having won promotion from the 3. Liga in 2011–12 after a play-off victory over Karlsruher SC.

The club also took part in the 2012–13 edition of the DFB-Pokal, the German Cup, but was knocked out by Bundesliga side FC Bayern Munich in the first round.

3. Liga
The 3. Liga is a professional association football league and the third division in Germany. In the German football league system, it is positioned between the 2. Bundesliga and the fourth-tier Regionalliga.

The modern 3. Liga was formed for the 2008–09 season, replacing the Regionalliga, which had previously served as the third-tier in the country. In Germany, the 3. Liga is also the highest division that a club's reserve team can play in.
Qaṣr al-Shamsīyya
Qaṣr al-Shamsīyya (Arabic: قصرالشمسية, romanized: Qaṣr al-Shamsīyya) is a ruined palace in the al-Futah district of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It was built for Princess Nura bint ʿAbd al-Raḥman (1875–1950), the elder sister of King ʾAbd al-ʿAzīz Ibn Saud. The palace was north of the old town, not far from the Murabba Palace. Among the distinguished female visitors to the palace was Violet Dickson, the wife of H. R. P. Dickson. In his Riyadh map in The Arab of the Desert, Dickson referred to the palace as Qasr Nura, a name found often in other maps and documents. The building stood near the Riyadh Water Tower. By the late 1970s, the building was no longer occupied and had fallen into dereliction.

Murabba Palace
Murabba Palace (Arabic: قصر المربّع  Qaṣr al Murabbaʿ; literally the 'Square Palace') is a historic palace in the al-Murabba neighborhood of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located in the King Abdulaziz Historical Center. One of the first buildings erected outside the walls of the old city, it served as the official workplace and main residence of King Abdulaziz ibn Saud from 1938 until his death in 1953. It is named after its square with the form of 400 by 400 metres (1,300 by 1,300 ft). The palace was transformed into a museum and opened to the general public in 1999.
Carina Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
The Carina Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy is a dwarf galaxy in the Carina constellation.  It was discovered in 1977 with the UK Schmidt Telescope by Cannon et al. The Carina Dwarf Spheroidal galaxy is a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way and is receding from it at 230 km/s. The diameter of the galaxy is about 1600 light-years, which is 75 times smaller than the Milky Way. Most of the stars in the galaxy formed 7 billion years ago, although it also experienced bursts of star formation about 13 and 3 billion years ago. It is also being tidally disrupted by the Milky Way galaxy.

Carina (constellation)
Carina (/kəˈraɪnə, kəˈriːnə/ kə-RY-nə, -⁠REE-) is a constellation in the southern sky. Its name is Latin for the keel of a ship, and it was the southern foundation of the larger constellation of Argo Navis (the ship Argo) until it was divided into three pieces, the other two being Puppis (the poop deck), and Vela (the sails of the ship).
Gul Khan Nasir
Gul Khan Naseer (Balochi:میر گل خان نصیر; Urdu: میر گل خان نصیر) also known as Malek o-Sho'arā Balochistan (Balochi:ملک‌ شعراء بلوچستان; Urdu:ملک‌ شعراء بلوچستان); 14 May 1914 – 6 December 1983) was a Pakistani politician, poet, historian, and journalist from Balochistan. Most of his work is in Balochi language, but he also wrote in English, Urdu, Brahui and Persian.

Khanate of Kalat
The Khanate of Kalat, also known as the Brahui Confederacy, was a Brahui Khanate that originated in the modern-day Kalat region of Pakistan. Formed in 1666 due to the threat of Mughal expansion in the region, it controlled the wider Balochistan at its greatest extent in the mid-18th century, extending from Kerman in the west to Sindh in the east and from Helmand River in the north to the Arabian Sea in the south.

The Khanate of Kalat was sacked by the British in 1839. In 1875, Kalat became a self-governing state under a subsidiary alliance with British India following the signing of the Treaty of Kalat by the Khan of Kalat and the Brahui Sardars. Supervision of Kalat was assigned to the Baluchistan Agency. Kalat remained independent from 12 August 1947 until 27 March 1948, when its ruler, Ahmad Yar Khan, acceded to Pakistan
Centered decagonal number
A centered decagonal number is a centered figurate number that represents a decagon with a dot in the center and all other dots surrounding the center dot in successive decagonal layers. The centered decagonal number for n is given by the formula

Thus, the first few centered decagonal numbers are

1, 11, 31, 61, 101, 151, 211, 281, 361, 451, 551, 661, 781, 911, 1051, ... (sequence A062786 in the OEIS)

Like any other centered k-gonal number, the nth centered decagonal number can be reckoned by multiplying the (n − 1)th triangular number by k, 10 in this case, then adding 1. As a consequence of performing the calculation in base 10, the centered decagonal numbers can be obtained by simply adding a 1 to the right of each triangular number. Therefore, all centered decagonal numbers are odd and in base 10 always end in 1.

Another consequence of this relation to triangular numbers is the simple recurrence relation for centered decagonal numbers:

where

Triangular number
A triangular number or triangle number counts objects arranged in an equilateral triangle. Triangular numbers are a type of figurate number, other examples being square numbers and cube numbers. The nth triangular number is the number of dots in the triangular arrangement with n dots on each side, and is equal to the sum of the n natural numbers from 1 to n. The first 100 terms sequence of triangular numbers, starting with the 0th triangular number, are

(sequence A000217 in the OEIS)
2017 in chess
This article details the year of 2017 with respect to the game of chess. Major chess-related events that took place in 2017 include the Women's World Chess Championship 2017 knockout tournament, the Chess World Cup, the FIDE Grand Prix Series, and the abolishing of the consecutiveness requirement within the fivefold repetition rule.

World Senior Chess Championship
The World Senior Chess Championship is an annual chess tournament established in 1991 by FIDE, the World Chess Federation.

The 2025 tournament took place in Gallipoli, Italy, from 20 October to 2 November.
1994 Southwest Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1994 Southwest Conference men's basketball tournament was held March 10–12, 1994, at Reunion Arena in Dallas, Texas.

Number 1 seed Texas defeated 2 seed Texas A&M 87-62 to win their 1st championship and receive the conference's automatic bid to the 1994 NCAA tournament.

1993–94 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team
The 1993–94 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represented The University of Texas at Austin in intercollegiate basketball competition during the 1993–94 season. The Longhorns were led by fourth-year head coach Tom Penders. The team finished the season with a 26–8 overall record and finished atop the standings in Southwest Conference play with a 12–2 conference record. Texas advanced to the NCAA tournament, defeating No. 11 seed Western Kentucky in the opening round before falling to No. 3 seed Michigan in the second round.
2017–18 FC Alashkert season
The 2017–18 season was Alashkert's sixth season in the Armenian Premier League and eleventh overall. Alashkert were defending Premier League champions, having won the title the previous season. Domestically, Alashkert finished the season as Champions for the third season in a row, six-points ahead of second placed Banants, whilst they were beaten in the final of the Armenian Cup by Gandzasar Kapan on penalties. In Europe, Alashkert reached the Second qualifying round of the Champions League for the second season in a row, where they were knocked out by BATE Borisov.

FC Gandzasar Kapan
FC Gandzasar Kapan is an Armenian football club based in the town of Kapan, Syunik Province. The team plays in Armenian Premier League. The club headquarters are located on 18 Garegin Nzhdeh street, Kapan. The Gandzasar Kapan Training Centre is located at the eastern outskirts of the town of Kapan.

The club is under the ownership of Zangezur Copper and Molybdenum Combine Closed Joint-Stock Company since 25 February 2015.
Blue Church
The Church of St. Elizabeth (Slovak: Kostol svätej Alžbety, Hungarian: Szent Erzsébet templom), commonly known as Blue Church (Modrý kostolík, Kék templom), is a Hungarian-Secessionist (Jugendstil, Art Nouveau) Catholic church located in the eastern part of the Old Town in Bratislava, present-day Slovakia. It is consecrated to Elisabeth of Hungary, daughter of Andrew II, who grew up in the Pressburg Castle (Pozsonyi vár). It is referred to as "The Little Blue Church" because of the colour of its façade, mosaics, majolicas and blue-glazed roof. It was initially part of the neighboring gymnázium (high school) and served as the school chapel.

Bratislava Castle
Bratislava Castle (Slovak: Bratislavský hrad, IPA: [ˈbracislawskiː ˈɦrat] ⓘ; German: Pressburger Burg; Hungarian: Pozsonyi vár) is the main castle of Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia. The massive rectangular building with four corner towers stands on an isolated rocky hill of the Little Carpathians, directly above the Danube river, in the middle of Bratislava. Because of its size and location, it has been a dominant feature of the city for centuries.

The location provides excellent views of Bratislava, Austria and, in clear weather, parts of Hungary. Many legends are connected with the history of the castle.
NPO Splav
NPO Splav (Russian: Научно-производственное объединение «СПЛАВ») is one of the leading global developers and manufacturers of multiple rocket launcher systems (MLRS), and one of the key companies providing Russian arms for the global market in the segment. It is the only company in Russia which designs and develops multiple launch rocket systems (MLRS) and cartridges.

The company is part of the Techmash holding (Rostec).

Tecmash
Tecmash (Russian: Техмаш)—formal name Aktsionernoe Obshchestvo Nauchno-Proizvodstvenny Kontsern Tekhnologii Mashinostroeniya (Russian: Акционерное общество научно-производственный концерн технологии машиностроения)—is a 2010s-20s Russian arms industry company within the Rostec state corporation group producing and developing weapons, munitions, and ammunition for Armed Forces.  Founded in 2011, the Tecmash consortium played an important role in manufacturing military equipment and supplies during the Russo-Ukrainian War.
Water resources of China
The water resources of China are affected by both severe water shortages and severe growing population and rapid economic development as well as lax environmental oversight have increased in a large scale the water demand and pollution. China has responded by measures such as rapidly building out the water infrastructure and increasing regulation as well as exploring a number of further technological solutions.

Due to continual economic growth and population size, China is one of the world's leading water consumers. China withdraws roughly 600 billion cubic meters of water on a yearly basis. The country surpasses the United States by 120 billion cubic meters and falls short of India by 160 billion cubic meters. For this reason, China's domestic policy remains one of the most vital on a national and international scale.

Issues relating to water quality and quantity are likely primary limiting factors in China's sustainable economic and infrastructural development.

Ministry of Ecology and Environment
The Ministry of Ecology and Environment is an executive-department of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, responsible for the ecological and environmental affairs. It is the 15th-ranked department in the State Council.

The Ministry is the nation's environmental protection department charged with the task of protecting China's air, water, and land from pollution and contamination. Directly under the State Council, it is empowered and required by law to implement environmental policies and enforce environmental laws and regulations. Complementing its regulatory role, it funds and organizes research and development.
Responsible gambling
Responsible Gambling, also known as Safer Gambling, is a set of social responsibility initiatives held by the gambling industry – including government  regulators, operators, and vendors – to ensure the integrity of their operations and to promote awareness of the harms associated with gambling, such as gambling addiction.

European Gaming and Betting Association
The European Gaming and Betting Association (EGBA) is the Brussels-based trade association representing the leading online gambling operators established, licensed and regulated within the EU. EGBA works together with national and EU authorities and other stakeholders towards a well-regulated and well-channelled online gambling market which provides a high level of consumer protection and takes account of the realities of the internet and online consumer demand. In 2021, EGBA's member companies had 225 online gambling licenses to provide their services to 29,8 million customers across 21 different European countries.

EGBA is registered to the EU Transparency Register since 2009 with the number 29508582413-52.