hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hinkley, California
Hinkley is an unincorporated community in the Mojave Desert, in San Bernardino County, California, United States, 14 miles (23 km) northwest of Barstow, 59 miles (95 km) east of Mojave, 47 miles (76 km) north of Victorville and about a 120-mile (193 km) drive northeast of Los Angeles, just north of California State Route 58. The residents have faced concerns over hexavalent chromium in their well water from the world's largest plume of this cancer-causing chemical.

Mojave, California
Mojave (formerly Mohave) is an unincorporated community in Kern County, California, United States. Mojave is located 50 miles (80 km) east of Bakersfield, and 100 miles (161 km) north of Los Angeles, at an elevation of 2,762.46 feet (842.00 m). The town is located in the western region of the Mojave Desert, below and east of Oak Creek Pass and the Tehachapi Mountains.  Mojave is on the Pacific Crest Trail.

The population was 4,700 at the 2020 census, up from 4,238 at the 2010 census. Telephone numbers in Mojave follow the format (661) 824-xxxx and the area includes three postal ZIP Codes.
Gmina Wieprz
Gmina Wieprz is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Wadowice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Wieprz, which lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) west of Wadowice and 46 km (29 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kraków.

The gmina covers an area of 74.51 square kilometres (28.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 11,493.

Wadowice
Wadowice (Polish: [vadɔˈvit͡sɛ] ⓘ) is a town in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship in southern Poland, 50 kilometres (31 miles) southwest of Kraków with 17,455 inhabitants (2022), situated on the Skawa river, confluence of Vistula, in the eastern part of Silesian Foothills (Pogórze Śląskie). Wadowice is known for being the birthplace of Karol Wojtyła, later Pope John Paul II and Godwin von Brumowski, Austria-Hungary’s best flying ace with 35 credited and an additional 8 possible wins in the air.
Aripuanã National Forest
The Aripuanã National Forest (Portuguese: Floresta Nacional do Aripuanã) is a national forest in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
It supports sustainable forestry, and also protects the environment, supports scientific research and protects the sustainable lifestyle of the traditional inhabitants of the forest.

National forest (Brazil)
A national forest (Portuguese: Floresta Nacional, FLONA) in Brazil is a type of sustainable use protected area.
The primary purpose is sustainable exploitation of the forest, subject to various limits.
These include a requirement to preserve at least 50% of the original forest, to preserve forest along watercourses and on steep slopes, and so on.
More than 10% of the Amazon rainforest is protected by national forests or other types of conservation unit.
2010 Louisville mayoral election
The 2010 mayoral election in Louisville Metro took place on November 2, 2010, alongside other federal, state and local elections.

Incumbent Mayor Jerry Abramson was re-elected with 67% of the vote in 2006, after being elected to his first term with 74% of the vote in 2002. He announced his intention not to run for a third consecutive term, and instead run for lieutenant governor of Kentucky in 2011, with Governor Steve Beshear as his running mate.

Primaries for each respective party were held on May 18, 2010, with Greg Fischer receiving the Democratic nomination and Hal Heiner receiving the Republican nomination. On November 2, Greg Fischer was elected mayor of Louisville in a tight race.

Kentucky's 3rd congressional district
Kentucky's 3rd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Kentucky.  It encompasses almost all of Louisville Metro, which, since the merger of 2003, is consolidated with Jefferson County, though other incorporated cities exist within the county, such as Shively and St. Matthews. The far eastern portions of Louisville Metro are part of the 2nd congressional district.

The district is currently represented by Democrat Morgan McGarvey. With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of D+10, it is the only Democratic district in Kentucky.
Fire arrow
Fire arrows were one of the earliest forms of weaponized gunpowder, being used from the 9th century onward. Not to be confused with earlier incendiary arrow projectiles, the fire arrow was a gunpowder weapon which receives its name from the translated Chinese term huǒjiàn (火箭), which literally means fire arrow. In China, a 'fire arrow' referred to a gunpowder projectile consisting of a bag of incendiary gunpowder attached to the shaft of an arrow. Fire arrows are the predecessors of fire lances, the first firearm.

Later rockets utilizing gunpowder were used to provide arrows with propulsive force and the term fire arrow became synonymous with rockets in the Chinese language. In other languages such as Sanskrit, 'fire arrow' (agni astra) underwent a different semantic shift and became synonymous with 'cannon'.

Joseph Needham
Noel Joseph Terence Montgomery Needham (/ˈniːdəm/; 9 December 1900 – 24 March 1995) was a British biochemist, historian of science and sinologist known for his scientific research and writing on the history of Chinese science and technology, initiating publication of the multivolume Science and Civilisation in China. He called attention to what has come to be known as the Needham Question, of why and how China had ceded its leadership in science and technology to Western countries.

He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1941 and a fellow of the British Academy in 1971. In 1992, Queen Elizabeth II conferred on him the Order of the Companions of Honour, and the Royal Society noted he was the only living person to hold these three titles.
Ion Panait
Ion Iulian Panait (born May 5, 1981 in Mizil) is an amateur Romanian Greco-Roman wrestler, who competed for the men's welterweight category. He won two silver medals for his division at the 2008 European Wrestling Championships in Tampere, Finland, and at the 2010 European Wrestling Championships in Baku, Azerbaijan. He is also a member of Dinamo București and is coached and trained by Carare Petrica.

Panait represented Romania at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed in the men's 66 kg class. He received a bye for the second preliminary round, before being defeated by China's Li Yanyan, with a technical score of 3–3 and a classification score of 1–3.

Li Yanyan
Li Yanyan (born 18 June 1981 in Linyi, Shandong) is a Chinese former Greco-Roman wrestler. He was the men's Greco-Roman 66 kg World Champion at the 2006 World Championships. He also competed at the 2008 Beijing Olympics.
Sarah Jane Baines
Sarah Jane Baines (30 November 1866 – 20 February 1951) was a British-Australian feminist, suffragette and social reformer. She was the first suffragette to be tried by jury, and one of the first hunger strikers. She was known as 'Jennie Baines' in the suffragist movement.

Annie Kenney
Ann "Annie" Kenney (13 September 1879 – 9 July 1953) was an English working-class suffragette and socialist feminist who became a leading figure in the Women's Social and Political Union. She co-founded its first branch in London with Minnie Baldock. Kenney attracted the attention of the press and public in 1905 when she and Christabel Pankhurst were imprisoned for several days for assault and obstruction related to the questioning of Sir Edward Grey at a Liberal rally in Manchester on the issue of votes for women. The incident is credited with inaugurating a new phase in the struggle for women's suffrage in the UK with the adoption of militant tactics. Annie had friendships with Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence, Baroness Pethick-Lawrence, Mary Blathwayt, Clara Codd, Adela Pankhurst, and Christabel Pankhurst.
Pioneer Inn
The Pioneer Inn was a 34-room inn in Lahaina, Maui, Hawaii, built in 1901. It was the oldest hotel in Lahaina and on the island of Maui and the oldest in continuous operation in the state of Hawaii. It was a contributing building in the Lahaina Historic District, a U.S. National Historic Landmark, and since 2016 was one of the Historic Hotels of America. It joined Best Western in 1997.

In August 2023, the inn was destroyed by the 2023 Hawaii wildfires.

Best Western
Best Western International, Inc. owns the Best Western Hotels & Resorts brand, which it licenses to over 4,500 hotels worldwide. The franchise, with its corporate headquarters in Phoenix, Arizona, includes more than 2,000 hotels in North America. The brand was founded by M. K. Guertin in 1946. As of December 2021, Larry Cuculic is the president and CEO of Best Western. As of 2018, it was a nonprofit owned by its franchisee members.

In 1964 Canadian hotel owners joined the system. Best Western then expanded to Mexico, Australia, and New Zealand in 1976.

In 2002 Best Western International launched Best Western Premier in Europe and Asia. (The other hotels in the chain were known as Best Western.) In 2011, the chain's branding system-wide changed to a three-tiered system: Best Western, Best Western Plus, and Best Western Premier.
Stochastically stable equilibrium
In game theory, a stochastically stable equilibrium is a refinement of the evolutionarily stable state in evolutionary game theory, proposed by Dean Foster and Peyton Young. An evolutionary stable state S is also stochastically stable if under vanishing noise, the probability that the population is in the vicinity of state S does not go to zero.

The concept is extensively used in models of learning in populations, where "noise" is used to model experimentation or replacement of unsuccessful players with new players (random mutation). Over time, as the need for experimentation dies down or the population becomes stable, the population will converge towards a subset of evolutionarily stable states. Foster and Young have shown that this subset is the set of states with the highest potential.

Evolutionarily stable state
A population can be described as being in an evolutionarily stable state when that population's "genetic composition is restored by selection after a disturbance, provided the disturbance is not too large" (Maynard Smith, 1982). This population as a whole can be either monomorphic or polymorphic. This is now referred to as convergence stability.
Isfahan Seminary
The Isfahan Seminary (Persian: حوزه علمیه اصفهان) is one of the oldest seminaries in Isfahan, Iran. Currently, more than 40 schools in Isfahan province are under the supervision of the Management Center of Isfahan Seminary and the leadership of the supreme authority of Grand Ayatollah Hossein Mazaheri.

Sadr Madrasa
Sadr Madrasa (Persian: مدرسه صدر) is one of the largest madrasas in Isfahan, Iran. It was built by Mohammad Hosseyn Khan Sadr Esfahani, the governor of Isfahan in the era of Fath-Ali Shah Qajar. Photography is prohibited in the school.
Hantzsch pyrrole synthesis
The Hantzsch Pyrrole Synthesis, named for Arthur Rudolf Hantzsch, is the chemical reaction of β-ketoesters (1) with ammonia (or primary amines) and α-haloketones (2) to give substituted pyrroles (3).  
Pyrroles are found in a variety of natural products with biological activity, so the synthesis of substituted pyrroles has important applications in medicinal chemistry.  Alternative methods for synthesizing pyrroles exist, such as the Knorr Pyrrole Synthesis and Paal-Knorr Synthesis.

Pyrrole
Pyrrole is a heterocyclic, aromatic, organic compound, a five-membered ring with the formula C4H4NH. It is a colorless volatile liquid that darkens readily upon exposure to air. Substituted derivatives are also called pyrroles, e.g., N-methylpyrrole, C4H4NCH3. Porphobilinogen, a trisubstituted pyrrole, is the biosynthetic precursor to many natural products such as heme.

Pyrroles are components of more complex macrocycles, including the porphyrinogens and products derived therefrom, including porphyrins of heme, the chlorins, bacteriochlorins, and chlorophylls.
The Tae Baek Mountains
The Tae Baek Mountains (Korean: 태백산맥) is a South Korean roman-fleuve written by Jo Jung-rae. It was published serially by through Hyeondae Munhak (현대문학; lit. modern literature) and Hanguk Munhak (한국문학; lit. Korean literature) from September 1983 to November 1989. It was published as 10 volumes by Hangilsa (한길사) in 1989 and again by Haenaemsa (해냄사) in 1995.

JoongAng Ilbo
The JoongAng, formerly known as JoongAng Ilbo (Korean: 중앙일보; lit. Central Daily), is a South Korean daily newspaper published in Seoul, South Korea. It is one of the three biggest newspapers in South Korea, and a newspaper of record for South Korea. The paper also publishes an English edition, Korea JoongAng Daily, in alliance with the International New York Times. It is often regarded as the holding company of JoongAng Group chaebol (a spin-off from Samsung) as it is owner of various affiliates, such as the broadcast station and drama producing company JTBC, and movie theatres chain Megabox.
1981 Tooth Cup
The 1981 Tooth Cup was the 8th edition of the NSWRFL Midweek Cup, a NSWRFL-organised national club Rugby League tournament between the leading clubs and representative teams from the NSWRFL, the BRL, the CRL, the QRL and the NZRL.

16 teams from across Australia and New Zealand played 23 matches in a round-robin format, with teams playing 2 games each. The top 8 teams advanced to a knockout stage, with the matches being held midweek during the premiership season.

New South Wales Rugby League
The New South Wales Rugby League Ltd (NSWRL) is an Australian rugby league football competition operator in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory and is a member of the Australian Rugby League Commission.

It was registered on 21 December 1983 and succeeded the New South Wales Rugby Football League which had been formed in Sydney on 8 August 1907. The NSWRFL and then NSWRL operated the premier rugby league club competitions for Sydney, then New South Wales and then Australia from 1908 to 1994. The organisation administers the New South Wales rugby league team for State of Origin.
Sodium nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate
Sodium nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (NOBS) is an important component of laundry detergents and bleaches.  It is known as a bleach activator for active oxygen sources, allowing formulas containing hydrogen peroxide releasing chemicals (specifically sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate, sodium perphosphate, sodium persulfate, and urea peroxide) to effect bleaching at lower temperatures.

Hydrogen peroxide–urea
Hydrogen peroxide–urea (also called Hyperol, artizone, urea hydrogen peroxide, and UHP) is a white crystalline solid chemical compound composed of equimolar amounts of hydrogen peroxide and urea. It contains solid and water-free hydrogen peroxide, which offers a higher stability and better controllability than liquid hydrogen peroxide when used as an oxidizing agent. Often called carbamide peroxide in dentistry, it is used as a source of hydrogen peroxide when dissolved in water for bleaching, disinfection and oxidation.
Oberried, Baden-Württemberg
Oberried is a town in the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany.

Oberried is home to the Barbarastollen caves, the central safekeeping archive of Germany. The Barbarastollen holds microfilms with millions of images from German archives and museums.

Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald
Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald (French: Arrondissement de Brisgau-Haute-Forêt-Noire) is a Landkreis (district) in the southwest of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Fifty towns and municipalities with 133 settlements lie within the district. The district itself belongs to the region of Freiburg with the region of Southern Upper Rhine.

The municipal offices are in the city of Freiburg im Breisgau which is almost entirely surrounded by Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald, but is independent of it. In addition, the council has three satellite offices in Müllheim, Titisee-Neustadt and Breisach am Rhein.
The Old Rectory, Stanwick
52°19′57″N 0°33′51″W﻿ / ﻿52.332577°N 0.564201°W﻿ / 52.332577; -0.564201
The Old Rectory is a Grade II* listed building located in the centre of Stanwick in North Northamptonshire, close to the parish church.

North Northamptonshire
North Northamptonshire is a unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of Northamptonshire, England, and was created in 2021. The council is based in Corby, the district's largest town. Other notable towns are Kettering, Wellingborough, Rushden, Raunds, Desborough, Rothwell, Irthlingborough, Thrapston and Oundle.

North Northamptonshire borders the City of Peterborough, Rutland, Milton Keynes, Huntingdonshire, Bedford, Harborough, West Northamptonshire and South Kesteven districts.

It has a string of lakes along the Nene Valley Conservation Park, associated heritage railway, the village of Fotheringhay which has tombs of the House of York as well as a towering church supported by flying buttresses. This division has a well-preserved medieval castle in private hands next to Corby – Rockingham Castle – and about 20 other notable country houses, many of which have visitor gardens or days.
George Seton, 7th Lord Seton
George Seton, 7th Lord Seton (1531–1586) was a Scottish Lord of Parliament, Master of the Household of Mary, Queen of Scots, and Provost of Edinburgh. He was the eldest son of George Seton, 6th Lord Seton, and Elizabeth Hay, a daughter of John Hay, 3rd Lord Hay of Yester. His childhood and schooling were in France.

Henri I, Duke of Guise
Henri I de Lorraine, Duke of Guise, Prince of Joinville, Count of Eu (31 December 1550 – 23 December 1588), sometimes called Le Balafré ('Scarface'), was the eldest son of François, Duke of Guise, and Anna d'Este. His maternal grandparents were Ercole II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, and Renée of France. Through his maternal grandfather, he was a descendant of Lucrezia Borgia and Pope Alexander VI.

A key figure in the French Wars of Religion, he was one of the namesakes of the War of the Three Henrys. A powerful opponent of the queen mother, Catherine de' Medici, Henri was assassinated by the bodyguards of her son, King Henry III.
1997 Eastern League season
The 1997 Eastern League season began on approximately April 1 and the regular season ended on approximately September 1.

The Harrisburg Senators defeated the Portland Sea Dogs 3 games to 1 to win the Eastern League Championship Series.

Portland Sea Dogs
The Portland Sea Dogs are a Minor League Baseball team based in Portland, Maine, playing in the Eastern League. Established in 1994, the Sea Dogs are the Double-A affiliate of the Boston Red Sox.

Originally affiliated with the Florida Marlins, the Sea Dogs became part of the Red Sox system for the 2003 season. The team went to the Eastern League championship series in 2005, losing to the Akron Aeros; and again in 2006, when they defeated the Aeros to win the first Double-A championship for a Red Sox farm team since the New Britain Red Sox in 1983.

All games are carried on a network of radio stations with Emma Tiedemann providing the play-by-play, with the flagship WPEI doing both home and away games.
Nørrebros Theater
The Nørrebros Teater is a theater in Copenhagen, Denmark.  Notable actors who have starred at the theatre before entering film include Osvald Helmuth, Buster Larsen, Poul Reichhardt and Poul Bundgaard. It is now operated as a part of the Københavns Teater in affiliation  with the Betty Nansen Teatret, Folketeatret and Østre Gasværk Teater.

Betty Nansen Teatret
Betty Nansen Teatret (Betty Nansen Theatre) is a theatre situated on Frederiksberg Allé in the Frederiksberg district of Copenhagen, Denmark. It takes its name from the actress Betty Nansen, who managed it from 1917 until her death in 1943.
Jim Ka To
Jim Ka To (Chinese: 詹家圖; born 28 November 1984 in Hong Kong) is a race car driver who competed in the 2001 Formula Renault 2000 Eurocup and currently competes in the China Touring Car Championship.

The son of Hong Kong street car racer Jim Chong Shing, he started racing at an early age at the Zhuhai International Circuit. He showed great potential in the China Formula Campus series and was sent by Formula Racing Developments to La Filière in France to be trained to become a racing driver.

Upon his return, he took pole position in the Asian Formula 2000 race in Macau at the age of 16. But his single-seater career has stagnated since then. In 2011, he decided to move to touring cars.

Formula BMW
Formula BMW was a junior  racing formula for single seater cars. It was positioned at the bottom of the motorsport career ladder alongside the longer established Formula Ford category. Like Formula Ford, it was intended to function as the young kart racing graduate's first experience of car racing.

The new formula was created by BMW Motorsport in 2001, with the first of its championships being inaugurated in Germany in 2002. Selected competitors from each series meet in the World Final at the end of each season, with the promise of a Formula One test for the winner.

From 2011 onwards BMW ceased to support the Pacific and Europe series, in favour of the Formula BMW Talent Cup. The Talent Cup, which was the final Formula BMW championship in existence, ended after the 2013 season.
Zaręba railway station
Zaręba (German: Lichtenau) is a railway station on the Wrocław Świebodzki–Zgorzelec railway in the village of Zaręba, Lubań County, within the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in south-western Poland.

Several sidings branch off the station into nearby works.

Lubań County
Lubań County (Polish: powiat lubański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The county covers an area  of 428.2 square kilometres (165.3 sq mi). Its administrative seat and largest town is Lubań. The county also contains the towns of Olszyna, Leśna and Świeradów-Zdrój.

As at 2006 the total population of the county is 54,493, out of which the population of Lubań is 21,087, that of Leśna is 4,439, that of Olszyna is 4,348, that of Świeradów-Zdrój is 4,147, and the rural population is 20,472.
Abhidhammattha-sangaha
The Abhidhammattha-saṅgaha  (English: The Compendium of Things contained in the Abhidhamma; Chinese: 摂阿毘達磨義論; Vietnamese: Thắng Pháp Tập yếu Luận, Vi diệu Pháp Toát yếu) is a Pali Buddhist instructional manual or compendium of the Abhidhamma of the Theravāda tradition. It was written by the Sri Lankan monk Ācariya Anuruddha some time between the 8th century and the 12th century.

According to Bhikkhu Bodhi, the Abhidhammattha-saṅgaha is one of the most important texts in the Theravāda Abhidhamma tradition and it provides such a "masterly summary" of the Abhidhamma that "has become the standard primer for Abhidhamma studies throughout the Theravāda Buddhist countries of South and Southeast Asia."

Rewata Dhamma
Sayadaw U Rewata Dhamma (Pali: Revatadhamma; 4 December 1929, Thamangone – 26 May 2004, Birmingham) was a prominent Theravada Buddhist monk and noted Abhidhamma scholar from Myanmar (Burma). After pursuing an academic career in India for most of two decades, he accepted an invitation to head a Buddhist centre in Birmingham UK, and over the next three decades gained an international reputation as a teacher of meditation and an advocate of peace and reconciliation.
Nurafshon, Lakhsh District
Nurafshon (Tajik: Нурафшон, Russian: Нурафшон, formerly Yangishahr) is a jamoat in Tajikistan. It is located in Lakhsh District, one of the Districts of Republican Subordination. The jamoat has a total population of 6,442 (2015). Villages: Khurramshahr (the seat), Safedjar, Safedorak, Balkh, Yormazor, Korvonguzar, Dulona, Zarbogh.

Jamoats of Tajikistan
The jamoats of Tajikistan (Russian: джамоаты, romanized: dzhamoaty; Tajik: ҷамоати деҳот, romanized: jamoati dehot, "village communes") are the third-level administrative divisions, similar to communes or municipalities, in the Central Asian country of Tajikistan. As of January 2020, there are 368 rural jamoats, 65 towns and 18 cities in Tajikistan. Each jamoat is further subdivided into villages (or deha or qyshqol)

The jamoats and towns, and their population figures (as of January 2015) by district of each region are listed below: