hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rhododendron catawbiense
Rhododendron catawbiense, with common names Catawba rosebay, Catawba rhododendron, mountain rosebay, purple ivy, purple laurel, purple rhododendron, red laurel, rosebay, rosebay laurel, is a species of Rhododendron native to the eastern United States, growing mainly in the southern Appalachian Mountains from West Virginia south to northern Alabama.

It is a dense, suckering shrub growing to 3 m (9.8 ft) tall, rarely 5 m (16 ft). The leaves are evergreen, 6–12 cm (2.4–4.7 in) long and 2–4 cm (0.79–1.57 in) broad. The flowers are 3–4.5 cm (1.2–1.8 in) in diameter, violet-purple, often with small spots or streaks, blooming from April through June. The fruit is a dry capsule 15–20 mm (19⁄32–25⁄32 in) long, containing numerous small seeds.

The species is named after the Catawba River.

Rhododendron
Rhododendron (/ˌroʊdəˈdɛndrən/; pl.: rhododendra), from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon), meaning "rose", and δένδρον (déndron), meaning "tree", is a very large genus of about 1,024 species of woody plants in the heath family (Ericaceae). They can be either evergreen or deciduous. Most species are native to eastern Asia and the Himalayan region, but smaller numbers occur elsewhere in Asia, and in North America, Europe and Australia.

It is the national flower of Nepal, the state flower of Washington and West Virginia in the United States, the state flower of Nagaland and Himachal Pradesh in India, the provincial flower of Jeju Province in South Korea, the provincial flower of Jiangxi in China and the state tree of Sikkim and Uttarakhand in India. Most species have brightly coloured flowers which bloom from late winter through to early summer.

Azaleas make up two subgenera of Rhododendron. They are distinguished from "true" rhododendrons by having only five anthers per flower.
Sphagnurus
Sphagnurus is a parasitic mushroom genus in the family Lyophyllaceae that creates conspicuous dead patches on peat moss (Sphagnum) in bogs. The genus contains one species known to inhabit Eurasia and North America. Phylogenetically the genus is closest to, but is isolated from species now classified in the genus Sagaranella Prior to molecular analyses, the most recent classification put it in the genus Tephrocybe, but that genus is allied to Termitomyces.

Sphagnurus paluster, the single species in the genus is pale grey and has a mycenoid stature (i.e. has a conical pileus, a narrow elongated stipe and lacks an annulus or volva). Its basidiospores are nonamyloid and smooth. It lacks cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia. Clamp connections are present.

Lyophyllaceae
The Lyophyllaceae is a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. A 2008 estimate indicated eight genera and 157 species; as of November 2014, the Catalog of Life lists 13 genera in the family.  The taxon was originally circumscribed in 1938 by mycologist Robert Kühner as the tribe Lyophylleae (in the family Tricholomataceae), but raised to the taxonomic rank of family and renamed the Lyophyllaceae by Walter Jülich in 1981.

Some species are popular as edible fungi, such as the brown beech mushroom Hypsizygus tessulatus, the St. George's mushroom Calocybe gambosa, and Lyophyllum shimeji.
Tarring Neville
Tarring Neville is a village and civil parish in the Lewes district of East Sussex, England. The village is located five miles (8 km) south of Lewes, on the A26 road to Newhaven. The south west border of the parish runs along the River Ouse, the parish extending into the South Downs. In 1971 the parish had a population of 36.

Lewes
Lewes (/ˈluːɪs/ ⓘ) is the county town of East Sussex, England. The town is the administrative centre of the wider district of the same name. It lies on the River Ouse at the point where the river cuts through the South Downs.

A traditional market town and centre of communications, in 1264 it was the site of the Battle of Lewes. The town's landmarks include Lewes Castle, Lewes Priory, Bull House (the former home of Thomas Paine), Southover Grange and public gardens, and a 16th-century timber-framed Wealden hall house known as Anne of Cleves House. Other notable features of the area include the Glyndebourne festival, the Lewes Bonfire celebrations and the Lewes Pound.
Multi-function printer
An MFP (multi-function product/printer/peripheral), multi-functional, all-in-one (AIO), or multi-function device (MFD), is an office machine which incorporates the functionality of multiple devices in one, so as to have a smaller footprint in a home or small business setting (the SOHO market segment), or to provide centralized document management/distribution/production in a large-office setting. A typical MFP may act as a combination of some or all of the following devices: email, fax, photocopier, printer, scanner.

Hole punch
A hole punch, also known as a hole puncher or paper puncher, is an office tool and item of stationery that is used to create holes in sheets of paper, often for the purpose of collecting the sheets in a binder or folder (such collected sheets are called loose leaves). A hole punch can also refer to similar tools for other materials, such as leather, cloth, or sheets of plastic or metal.
Puerto Rico Highway 131
Puerto Rico Highway 131 (PR-131) is a road located in Adjuntas, Puerto Rico. It begins at its intersection with PR-135 in Barrio Yayales and ends at Guilarte Forest near Peñuelas municipal limit. Its segment between PR-525 and PR-518 is part of the Ruta Panorámica.

Ruta Panorámica
The Ruta Panorámica (Scenic Route), officially the Ruta Panorámica Luis Muñoz Marín (Luis Muñoz Marín Scenic Route), is a 167-mile (269 km) network of some 40 secondary roads which traverse the island of Puerto Rico from west to east along its Cordillera Central (Central Mountain Range). Most of the route consists of three roads, PR-105, PR-143, and PR-182. The route starts in Mayagüez and ends in Maunabo. The first major segment of the route runs from Mayagüez to Maricao as Route 105, then from Adjuntas to Aibonito as Route 143, and then follows Route 182 toward Maunabo.
Rückweiler
Rückweiler is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Baumholder, whose seat is in the like-named town.

Birkenfeld (district)
Birkenfeld (German pronunciation: [ˈbɪʁkŋ̍fɛlt]) is a district (Landkreis) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Its seat is the town of Birkenfeld. It is bounded by (from the south and clockwise) the districts of Sankt Wendel (Saarland), Trier-Saarburg, Bernkastel-Wittlich, Rhein-Hunsrück, Bad Kreuznach and Kusel.
1979 VFA season
The 1979 VFA season was the 98th season of the top division of the Victorian Football Association (VFA), an Australian rules football competition based in the state of Victoria, and the 19th season of the VFA's second division.

The Division 1 premiership was won by the Coburg Football Club, after it defeated Geelong West in the grand final on 23 September by eight points; it was Coburg's fourth Division 1 premiership, and its first since 1928, ending a 51-year Division 1 premiership drought. The Division 2 premiership was won by Camberwell; it was the first premiership in either division ever won by the club since its admission to the Association in 1926, 53 years earlier.

Geelong West St Peters Football Club
The Geelong West St Peters Football Club, nicknamed the Roosters, was an Australian rules football club that last competed in the Geelong Football League (GFL) from 1989 until the end of the 2016 season.

Prior to its merger with St Peters Football Club in 1989, the club played in the Victorian Football Association (VFA) from 1963 until 1988.

At the conclusion of the 2016 GFL season, the Roosters merged with co-tenants Geelong West Sports Club to form a new club, Geelong West Giants.
Kōbōyama Daizō
Kōbōyama Daizō (born 15 August 1957 as Kōkichi Yomogida) is a former sumo wrestler from Tsukidate, Kurihara, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. He made his professional debut in 1973 and reached the top makuuchi division in 1981. His highest rank was sekiwake. He earned two special prizes for Technique and was a runner-up in one tournament. He retired in 1990. He is now a sumo coach and ran the Takashima stable from 1993 until 2011. He was elected to the Japan Sumo Association's board of directors in 2018.

Professional sumo divisions
Professional sumo as administered by the Japanese Sumo Association is divided into six ranked divisions. Wrestlers are promoted and demoted within and between these divisions based on the merit of their win–loss records in official tournaments. For more information, see kachi-koshi and make-koshi. Wrestlers are also ranked within each division. The higher a wrestler's rank within a division is, the general level of opponents he will have to face becomes stronger. According to tradition, each rank is further subdivided into East and West, with East being slightly more prestigious, and ranked slightly higher than its West counterpart. The divisions, ranked in order of hierarchy from highest to lowest, are as follows:
Empire Buildings
The Empire Buildings, also often referred to as the Empire Building, are a group of heritage listed buildings on the corner of Stirling Terrace and York Street overlooking Princess Royal Harbour in Albany in the Great Southern region of Western Australia.

York Street, Albany
York Street is the main street in the centre of Albany, Western Australia. It runs south from a junction with Albany Highway, Lockyer Avenue and Middleton Road downhill towards Princess Royal Drive and the Anzac Peace Park at the foot of the hill adjacent to Princess Royal Harbour.

As a historic street, with streetscape and precinct into adjoining Stirling Terrace, it has the Albany Town Hall, opened in 1888, and other buildings of significance.

In the 1880s, an issue of the lower portion of the street was over restrictive fencing; the issue was resolved by the construction of a gate.

The Premier Hotel was built opposite the Town Hall in 1891.

Alison Hartman Gardens is situated next to the Town Square along York Street close to the centre of Albany. The park contains numerous sculptures including the statue of Mokare.
The Albany Advertiser has its office in lower York Street.

Many photographs have been taken over the last hundred years of the street.
Parakeratosis pustulosa
Parakeratosis pustulosa is a cutaneous condition that is exclusively seen in children, usually involving one finger, most commonly the thumb or index finger, with the affected nail showing subungual hyperkeratosis and onycholysis.: 662 : 1026

The cause of parakeratosis pustulosa is unknown; however, there have been several diseases linked to it, and it does not seem to be genetic.

Parakeratosis pustulosa is diagnosed based on clinical characteristics and the exclusion of other conditions.

Onycholysis
Onycholysis is a common medical condition characterized by the painless detachment of the nail from the nail bed, usually starting at the tip and/or sides. On the hands, it occurs particularly on the ring finger but can occur on any of the fingernails. It may also happen to toenails.

Onycholysis can occur in many conditions, including psoriasis. In thyrotoxicosis, it is thought to be due to sympathetic overactivity. It may also be seen in infections or trauma.
Carriage of goods by sea
The law of carriage of goods by sea is the body of law that governs the rights and duties of shippers, carriers and consignees of marine cargo. Primarily concerned with cargo claims, this body of law combines the international commercial law, the law of the sea and admiralty laws.

Charterparty
A charterparty (sometimes charter-party) is a maritime contract between a shipowner and a hirer ("charterer") for the hire of either a ship for the carriage of passengers or cargo, or a yacht for leisure.

Charterparty is a contract of carriage of cargo in the case of employment of a charter boat. It means that the charterparty will clearly and unambiguously set out the rights and responsibilities of the ship owner and the charterers and any subsequent dispute between them will be settled in the court of law or any agreed forum with reference to the agreed terms and conditions as embodied in the charterparty.
The name "charterparty" is an anglicisation  of the French charte partie, or "split paper", i.e. a document written in duplicate so that each party retains half.
Ba Than (surgeon)
Thiri Pyanchi Ba Than FRCS FACS FICS (Burmese: ဘသန်း, pronounced [ba̰ ðáɰ̃]; c. 9 May 1895 – 4 November 1971) was a Burmese medical surgeon, educator and administrator. The first Burmese police surgeon in British Burma, Ba Than founded and ran the main hospital in Rangoon (Yangon) as well as the wartime medical and nursing schools during the Japanese occupation of the country (1942–1945). After the country's independence in 1948, Ba Than served several terms as dean and rector of the main medical universities in Rangoon and Mandalay until two months before his death in 1971.

He is also known for his autopsies of famous politicians, including those of Aung San and Tin Tut. His daughter Khin May Than, third wife of General Ne Win, was the First Lady of Burma from 1962 to 1972.

Pattala
The pattala (Burmese: ပတ္တလား patta.la:, Burmese pronunciation: [pattəlá]; Mon: ဗာတ် ကလာ) is a Burmese xylophone, consisting of 24 bamboo slats called ywet (ရွက်) or asan (အဆံ) suspended over a boat-shaped resonating chamber. It is played with two padded mallets. The pattala is tuned similar to the diatonic scale.

In modern days, classical Burmese chamber music is accompanied by either the pattala or the saung (the Burmese harp), both of which are capable of performing a harmonic countermelody. The pattala is also a key instrument in the Burmese ensemble orchestra, the hsaing waing. The pattala is also prominently featured in Burmese drama, anyeint.
Crowsnest Provincial Park
Crowsnest Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located within the District Municipality of Sparwood, 51 km (32 mi) east of Fernie on BC Highway 3, just inside the BC side of the Crowsnest Pass.

Sparwood
Sparwood is a district municipality in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is the second-largest community on the Elk River.

Located approximately 30 kilometres from Fernie, the District Municipality of Sparwood has approximately 4,200 residents. Sparwood is quite large for its population, taking up an area of 191.01 square kilometres and incorporating the local coal mines.

In the late 1800s, there was a railroad stop known as Sparwood, which was so named because of the trees from this area being shipped to the coast for manufacturing spars for ocean vessels.
Vargem Bonita
Vargem Bonita is a Brazilian municipality located in the west of the state of Minas Gerais. Its population as of 2020 was 2,148 people living in a total area of 409 km2 (158 sq mi). The city belongs to the meso-region of Oeste de Minas and to the micro-region of Piumhi.  It became a municipality in 1953.

Poços de Caldas
Poços de Caldas is a municipality in the south of Minas Gerais state, Brazil, in the microregion of the same name. Its estimated population in 2020 was 168,641 inhabitants. The city is known for its hot springs.
Software Peter principle
The Software Peter principle is used in software engineering to describe a dying project which has become too complex to be understood even by its own developers.

It is well known in the industry as a silent killer of projects, but by the time the symptoms arise it is often too late to do anything about it.  Good managers can avoid this disaster by establishing clear coding practices where unnecessarily complicated code and design is avoided.

The name is used in the book C++ FAQs (see below), and is derived from the Peter principle – a theory about incompetence in hierarchical organizations.

Peter principle
The Peter principle is a concept in management developed by Laurence J. Peter which observes that people in a hierarchy tend to rise to "a level of respective incompetence": employees are promoted based on their success in previous jobs until they reach a level at which they are no longer competent, as skills in one job do not necessarily translate to another.

The concept was explained in the 1969 book The Peter Principle (William Morrow and Company) by Laurence Peter and Raymond Hull. Hull wrote the text, which was based on Peter's research. Peter and Hull intended the book to be satire, but it became popular as it was seen to make a serious point about the shortcomings of how people are promoted within hierarchical organizations. The Peter principle has since been the subject of much commentary and research.
Left axis deviation
In electrocardiography, left axis deviation (LAD) is a condition wherein the mean electrical axis of ventricular contraction of the heart lies in a frontal plane direction between −30° and −90°. This is reflected by a QRS complex positive in lead I and negative in leads aVF and II.

There are several potential causes of LAD. Some of the causes include normal variation, thickened left ventricle, conduction defects, inferior wall myocardial infarction, pre-excitation syndrome, ventricular ectopic rhythms, congenital heart disease, high potassium levels, emphysema, mechanical shift, and paced rhythm.

Symptoms and treatment of left axis deviation depend on the underlying cause.

Ventricle (heart)
A ventricle is one of two large chambers located toward the bottom of the heart that collect and expel blood towards the peripheral beds within the body and lungs. The blood pumped by a ventricle is supplied by an atrium, an adjacent chamber in the upper heart that is smaller than a ventricle. Interventricular means between the ventricles (for example the interventricular septum), while intraventricular means within one ventricle (for example an intraventricular block).

In a four-chambered heart, such as that in humans, there are two ventricles that operate in a double circulatory system: the right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary circulation to the lungs, and the left ventricle pumps blood into the systemic circulation through the aorta.
Ireland Trophy (horse race)
The Ireland Trophy (Japanese アイルランドトロフィー) is a Grade 2 horse race for Thoroughbred fillies and mares aged three and over run in Japan October over a distance of 1,800 meters at Tokyo Racecourse.

Established in 2025, it will replace Fuchu Himba Stakes which will be moved to June to replace the now defunct Mermaid Stakes. The race will retain Fuchu Himba Stakes' Grade 2 status as well as acquiring rights to be a trial race for Queen Elizabeth II Cup.

Fuchu Himba Stakes
The Fuchu Himba Stakes (Japanese 府中牝馬ステークス) is a Japanese Grade 3 horse race for Thoroughbred fillies and mares aged three and over run in June over a distance of 1,800 meters at Tokyo Racecourse.

It was first run in 1953 and was promoted to Grade 3 in 1984 before being run as a Group 2 race since 2011. The race was usually contested over 1,600 meters before being moved up to 1,800 meters in 1996. The race used to serve as a trial for the Queen Elizabeth II Cup. In 2025, the race schedule was moved from October to June, downgraded to Grade 3, and lost its Queen Elizabeth II Cup trial status.
Top Fast-Food Toy Collections Museum
The Top Fast-Food Toy Collections Museum is a private toy museum in Alor Setar, Malaysia, dedicated to the collection and display of memorabilia from McDonald's, including primarily Happy Meal toys but also employee uniforms, signs, menus, packaging, and other items. As of 2025, the museum contains over 80,000 items.

Toy museum
A toy museum is a museum for toys. They typically showcase toys from a particular culture or period with their history. These are distinct from children's museums, which are museums for children, and are often interactive – toy museums may be aimed at children or adults, and may have interactive exhibits or be exclusively for display.
Decaneuropsis
Decaneuropsis is a genus of plants in the tribe Vernonieae in the family Asteraceae. Species of the genus Decaneuropsis are found in Asia. Some authorities consider the group part of the genus Vernonia.

Species

Vernonieae
Vernonieae is a tribe of about 1300 species of plants in the aster family.  They are mostly found in the tropics and warmer temperate areas, both in the Americas and the Old World. They are mostly herbaceous plants or shrubs, although there is at least one tree species, Strobocalyx arborea.
Dillington Carr
Dillington Carr is a 55-hectare (140-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north of Dereham in Norfolk, England.

This valley, which lies along a tributary of the River Wensum, has extensive irrigation reservoirs and areas of carr woodland. A large variety of birds breed on the site, including gadwalls, great crested grebe, and tufted ducks on the reservoirs and barn owls, lesser spotted woodpeckers, and willow tit in the woodland.

The site is privately owned and not open to the public.

River Wensum
The River Wensum is a chalk river in Norfolk, England and a tributary of the River Yare, despite being the larger of the two rivers. The river is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest and Special Area of Conservation.

The Wensum is the principal river on which the city of Norwich was founded. The river passes Carrow Road, the home of Norwich City F.C.; one end of the ground was originally named The River End in its honour, a name that still persists among fans.
Unconventional protein secretion
Unconventional protein secretion (known as ER/Golgi-independent protein secretion or nonclassical protein export) represents a manner in which the proteins are delivered to the surface of plasma membrane or extracellular matrix independent of the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus. This includes cytokines and mitogens with crucial function in complex processes such as inflammatory response or tumor-induced angiogenesis. Most of these proteins are involved in processes in higher eukaryotes, however an unconventional export mechanism was found in lower eukaryotes too. Even proteins folded in their correct conformation can pass plasma membrane this way, unlike proteins transported via ER/Golgi pathway.  Two types of unconventional protein secretion are these: signal-peptid-containing proteins and cytoplasmatic and  nuclear proteins that are missing  an ER-signal peptide (1).

Mitogen
A mitogen is a small bioactive  protein or peptide that induces a cell to begin cell division, or enhances the rate of division (mitosis).  Mitogenesis is the induction (triggering) of mitosis, typically via a mitogen.
Yang Chuan-kwang
Yang Chuan-kwang, or C.K. Yang (Amis: Maysang Kalimud, Chinese: 楊傳廣; pinyin: Yáng Chuánguǎng; July 10, 1933 – January 27, 2007), was a Taiwanese Olympian decathlete. Yang attended college at UCLA, where he trained and competed with teammate and Olympian Rafer Johnson and was coached by Elvin C. Drake.

Decathlon world record progression
The first world record in the decathlon was recognized by the International Association of Athletics Federations in 1922.

As of 23 June 2012, 36 men's world records have been ratified by the IAAF in the event.
The current world record holder is French national Kevin Mayer with 9126 points.
Over the years, athletes have become bigger, stronger and faster, leading some to score more points.

The first world record in the women's decathlon was recognized by the IAAF in 2004. As of 21 June 2009, two world records have been ratified by the IAAF in the event.