hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ngāti Tama–Ngāti Tūwharetoa War
The Ngāti Tama–Ngāti Tūwharetoa War was a conflict which took place around 1600 on the west coast of Lake Taupō in the central North Island of New Zealand, in which Ngāti Tūwharetoa fought against the Ngāti Tama iwi and a part of the Ngāti Raukawa iwi of Tainui. The war marked the end of Ngāti Tama and Ngāti Raukawa claims to the western coast of Lake Taupō. Thereafter, the whole lake was controlled by Tūwharetoa.

Ngāti Tūwharetoa
Ngāti Tūwharetoa is an iwi descended from Ngātoro-i-rangi, the priest who navigated the Arawa canoe to New Zealand. The Tūwharetoa region extends from Te Awa o te Atua (Tarawera River) at Matatā across the central plateau of the North Island to the lands around Mount Tongariro and Lake Taupō.

Tūwharetoa is the sixth largest iwi in New Zealand, with a population of 35,877 of the 2013 New Zealand census, and 40% of its people under the age of 15. The tribe consists of a number of hapū (subtribes) represented by 33 marae (meeting places). The collective is bound together by the legacy of Ngātoro-i-rangi as epitomised in the ariki (paramount chief), currently Sir Tumu te Heuheu Tūkino VIII.

In the 2013 New Zealand census 35,877 people identified as Ngāti Tūwharetoa. By the 2018 New Zealand census, there were at least 47,103 people identifying with the iwi, including 44,448 identifying with the Taupō branch, and 2,655 identifying with the Kawerau branch.
Manchester Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology
The Manchester Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology is a centre for interdisciplinary research in mesoscience and nanotechnology headed by Andre Geim at the University of Manchester. The purpose of the centre is to allow researchers to construct devices from a few micrometres down to 10 nanometres in size. It was opened by Lord Sainsbury on 7 April 2003.

The centre is based in the Department of Computer Science, and houses a suite of Class 100 to Class 1000 cleanrooms. These facilities played an important role in the discovery of Graphene by scientists in Manchester and subsequent Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010. The facility also hosts The North West Nanoscience Doctoral Training Centre (NOWNano DTC) funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council in collaboration with Lancaster University.

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) is a council of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, responsible for funding grants to undertake research and postgraduate degrees in engineering and the physical sciences, mainly to universities in the United Kingdom. EPSRC research areas include mathematics, physics, chemistry, artificial intelligence and computer science, but exclude particle physics, nuclear physics, space science and astronomy (which fall under the remit of the Science and Technology Facilities Council).
Norled
Norled (earlier Tide Sjø AS) is a Norwegian shipping company responsible for the group's ferry transport. Norled  operates automobile ferries and fast ferries in Rogaland, Vestland, Sunnmøre and Trondheim Fjord on contract with the Norwegian Public Roads Administration, Kolumbus and Skyss. The company operates 45 car ferries, 17 fast ferries and one water bus.

The name Tide Sjø was first used by HSD Sjø AS after Hardanger Sunnhordlandske Dampskipsselskap had merged with Gaia Trafikk. In 2007 Tide Sjø merged with Stavangerske, its subsidiary Fjordservice and the Tide–Stavangerske joint venture Nor-Ferjer. After fissioning from Tide in December 2011, the company changed the name to Norled on 1 January 2012.

Hardanger Sunnhordlandske Dampskipsselskap
Hardanger Sunnhordlandske Dampskipsselskap (HSD), founded in 1880, was one of Norway's largest privately held public transportation providers. Its bus operation HSD Buss AS was founded in 1999, and serviced 15 million passengers annually in large parts of western Norway, predominantly in Vestland. It also had a ferry service, HSD Sjø AS, transporting passengers along the west coast of Norway. The fleet consisted of 31 ferries and 10 catamarans as of 2006.

In 2006 the company merged with Gaia Trafikk forming the new company Tide.
Kantō Plain
36°00′N 140°00′E﻿ / ﻿36.000°N 140.000°E﻿ / 36.000; 140.000

The Kantō Plain (Japanese: 関東平野, Hepburn: Kantō heiya), in the Kantō region of central Honshu, is the largest plain in Japan. Its 17,000 km2 covers more than half of the region extending over Tokyo, Saitama Prefecture, Kanagawa Prefecture, Chiba Prefecture, Gunma Prefecture, Tochigi Prefecture, and Ibaraki Prefecture.

Arakawa River (Kantō)
The Arakawa River or Ara River (Japanese: 荒川, Hepburn: Arakawa; "kawa" (川) already means "river") is a 173-kilometre (107 mi) long river that flows through Saitama Prefecture and Tokyo. Its average flow in 2002 was 30 m3/s.

It originates on Mount Kobushi in Saitama Prefecture, and empties into Tokyo Bay. It has a total catchment area of 2,940 km2 (1,140 sq mi).

The river is one of Tokyo's major sources of tap water, and together with the Tone River, accounts for around 80% of Tokyo's water supply as of 2018. The Okubo water purification plant takes water from the river.
1923 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 1923 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 14th staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.

The final was played on 9 December 1923 at Turners Cross in Cork, between Mallow and Evergreen, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Mallow won the match by 2–02 to 2–01 to claim their first ever championship title.

1909 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 1909 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the inaugural staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board. The championship began on 1 August 1909 and ended on 31 October 1909.

On 31 October 1909, Carrigtwohill won the championship following a 3–15 to 2–00 defeat of Bandon in the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds.
Mélodie Daoust
Mélodie Daoust (/dæˈu/ Da-OO; born January 7, 1992) is a Canadian former ice hockey player. She played one season in the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL) for Montreal. She competed with the Canadian national team in numerous international tournaments and won a gold medal at the 2014 Winter Olympics, a silver medal at the 2018 Winter Olympics and a gold medal at the 2022 Winter Olympics. As a member-player of the PWHPA, she was featured in many of the organization's showcases, including the Elite Women's 3-on-3 hockey game at the Skills Competition of the 2020 NHL All-Star Game.

Cégep Édouard-Montpetit Lynx women's ice hockey
The Lynx du cégep Édouard-Montpetit women's ice hockey team, previously Lynx du Collège Édouard-Montpetit,  represents Cégep Édouard-Montpetit in the Hockey collégial féminin RSEQ of the Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec (RSEQ). The team is based in Longueuil, in the southern Greater Montreal metropolitan area in Quebec and their home venue is the Aréna Émile-Butch-Bouchard.
Worcester Warriors (ice hockey)
The Worcester Warriors were a professional ice hockey team located in Worcester, Massachusetts. They played 2 seasons from 1954–1956, the first year in the Eastern Hockey League and the second in the Atlantic Hockey League. The city is now home to the Worcester Railers HC of the ECHL.

Worcester Railers
The Worcester Railers (also called Worcester Railers HC) are a professional ice hockey team based in Worcester, Massachusetts. The team began play in the 2017–18 ECHL season, and is a member of the North Division of the Eastern Conference of the ECHL. The team plays their home games at the DCU Center and are the ECHL affiliate of the New York Islanders. The team filled the void left by the AHL's Worcester Sharks, who relocated to San Jose, California, in 2015 to become the San Jose Barracuda.
Tim, Denmark
Tim is a village situated in the Ringkøbing-Skjern Municipality, in the Central Denmark Region. The village is served by Tim railway station on the Esbjerg-Struer railway line.

Tim Church is located in the small village of Tim Kirkeby west of Tim.

Ringkøbing-Skjern Municipality
Ringkøbing-Skjern Municipality (Danish: Ringkøbing-Skjern Kommune) is a municipality in western Denmark. Formed on 1 January 2007 during the nationwide 2007 administrative reform, it comprises the former municipalities of Egvad, Holmsland, Ringkøbing, Skjern and Videbæk. Covering 1,494.56 square kilometres (577.05 sq mi), it is the largest municipality in Denmark by area. The municipality has a population of 55,582 (1 January 2025) and is part of the Central Denmark Region (Region Midtjylland). Its mayor since 2025 is Lennart Qvist of the Conservative People's Party (C).

The Church of Denmark comprises 46 parishes within the municipality.
Saltus-Werk Max Forst GmbH
SALTUS Industrial Technique GmbH, or SALTUS, located in Solingen/Germany is a part of the Swedish Atlas Copco Group with main office in Stockholm/Sweden. Saltus is integrated in the Group since 2013 as product company with focus of engineering and production of torque wrenches as well as sockets, bits and special, customized sockets.

Atlas Copco
Atlas Copco Group (Copco from Compagnie Pneumatique Commerciale) is a Swedish multinational industrial company. It manufactures compressors, vacuum equipment, pumps, generators, assembly tools, quality assurance equipment and other products and systems for industrial applications and mobile power generation. The products are sold in around 180 countries.

The company was founded in 1873 in Stockholm. By the end of 2025, the number of employees was around 56,000 and the yearly revenue 168 billion kr. Atlas Copco is listed on the Nasdaq Stockholm exchange, and its A and B classes of shares are both constituents of the OMXS30 index. The head office is in Nacka, near central Stockholm, on a site where the main factory of the company used to be located.
Edessa bifida
Edessa bifida is a species of stink bug in the family Pentatomidae. It is found in the Caribbean, Central America, North America, and South America. Some have proposed elevating the preexisting subgenus Ascra to genus status, thereby reclassifying E. bifida as Ascra bifida.

Pentatomidae
Pentatomidae is a family of insects belonging to the order Hemiptera, generally called shield bugs or stink bugs. Pentatomidae is the largest family in the superfamily Pentatomoidea, and contains around 900 genera and over 4700 species. As hemipterans, the pentatomids have piercing sucking mouthparts, and most are phytophagous, including several species which are severe pests on agricultural crops. However, some species, particularly in the subfamily Asopinae, are predatory and may be considered beneficial.
Suibne mac Cuanach
Suibne mac Cuanach, 29th Abbot of Clonmacnoise, died 816.

Suibhne mac Cuanach was a member of the Uí Briúin Seola from what is now County Galway. The Chronicon Scotorum states that he "...rested thirty days after the burning of Cluain."

Abbot of Clonmacnoise
The Abbot of Clonmacnoise was the monastic head of Clonmacnoise, a monastery situated in County Offaly in Ireland on the River Shannon south of Athlone. The abbots also bore the title "Comarba of Saint Ciarán", "successor of Saint Ciarán". The following is a list of abbots:
Jadon Sancho
Jadon Malik Sancho (born 25 March 2000) is an English professional footballer who plays as a winger for Premier League club Aston Villa, on loan from Manchester United.

Previously a youth player with Watford and Manchester City, Sancho signed his first senior contract with Borussia Dortmund in 2017. Over four seasons with the club he made 137 appearances and won the 2019 DFL-Supercup and the 2020–21 DFB-Pokal, where he finished as the tournament's top scorer.

Sancho returned to England to sign for Manchester United in 2021, winning an EFL Cup in his second season. He later spent successive loan spells at Dortmund, where he reached the 2024 UEFA Champions League final, and Chelsea, where he won the UEFA Conference League in 2025 and scored in the final.

Sancho was part of the England youth team that won the 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup. He made his debut for the senior team in 2018, later appearing at UEFA Euro 2020.

2018–19 Bundesliga
The 2018–19 Bundesliga was the 56th season of the Bundesliga, Germany's premier football competition. It began on 24 August 2018 and concluded on 18 May 2019. It also marked the first season without Hamburger SV, previously the only team to have played in the top tier of German football in every season since the end of World War I.

Following a trial phase in the previous season, the video assistant referee system was officially approved for use in the Bundesliga after being added to the Laws of the Game by IFAB.

Bayern Munich were the defending champions, and won their 28th Bundesliga title (and 29th German title) and seventh consecutive Bundesliga on the final matchday.
Laureate Stakes
The Laureate Stakes was a race for two-year-old Thoroughbred horses run at Morris Park Racecourse in Westchester County, New York from inception in 1896 through 1904.  The racecourse was located in a part of Westchester County, New York that was annexed into the Bronx in 1895 and later developed as the neighborhood of Morris Park.

Financial difficulties saw Morris Park cease operations and the race was transferred to the newly opened Belmont Park in Elmont, New York where it was run from 1905 through 1910 and for a final time in 1914. The Laureate was run on dirt and for all but its final edition at 5½ furlongs was contested at a distance of five furlongs.

August Belmont Jr.
August Belmont Jr. (February 18, 1853 – December 10, 1924) was an American financier. He financed the construction of the original New York City Subway line (1900–1904) and for many years headed the Interborough Rapid Transit Company, which ran the transit system. He also financed and led the construction of the Cape Cod Canal in Massachusetts, which opened in 1914. 
Belmont bought the land for and built New York's Belmont Park racetrack—named for his father—and was a major owner/breeder of thoroughbred racehorses. 
He served as chairman of the board of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. He also served as a director of the Southern Pacific Co., parent of the railroad, and National Park Bank.
Neobassia proceriflora
Neobassia proceriflora, the soda bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae, native to central and eastern Australia. A small shrub, it is typically found growing in heavy soils.

Amaranthaceae
Amaranthaceae (/ˌæmərænˈθeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ AM-ər-an-THAY-see-ee, -⁠eye) is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus Amaranthus. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making it the most species-rich lineage within its parent order, Caryophyllales.
Laser diode rate equations
The laser diode rate equations model the electrical and optical performance of a laser diode. This system of ordinary differential equations relates the number or density of photons and charge carriers (electrons) in the device to the injection current and to device and material parameters such as carrier lifetime, photon lifetime, and the optical gain.

The rate equations may be solved by numerical integration to obtain a time-domain solution, or used to derive a set of steady state or small signal equations to help in further understanding the static and dynamic characteristics of semiconductor lasers.

The laser diode rate equations can be formulated with more or less complexity to model different aspects of laser diode behavior with varying accuracy.

Semiconductor optical gain
Optical gain is the most important requirement for the realization of a semiconductor laser because it describes the optical amplification in the semiconductor material. This optical gain is due to stimulated emission associated with light emission created by recombination of electrons and holes. While in other laser materials like in gas lasers or solid state lasers, the processes associated with optical gain are rather simple, in semiconductors this is a complex many-body problem of interacting photons, electrons, and holes. Accordingly, understanding these processes is a major objective as being a basic requirement for device optimization. This task can be solved by development of appropriate theoretical models to describe the semiconductor optical gain and by comparison of the predictions of these models with experimental results found.
Cyathopsis
Cyathopsis is a genus of shrubs in the family Ericaceae.  The genus is  endemic to New Caledonia in the Pacific and contains three species that have previously been included in Styphelia. It is related to genera such as Leucopogon, Lissanthe and Styphelia.

Leucopogon
Leucopogon is a genus of about 150–160 species of shrubs or small trees in the family Ericaceae, in the section of that family formerly treated as the separate family Epacridaceae. They are native to Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, the western Pacific Islands and Malaysia, with the greatest species diversity in the south-west of Western Australia. Plants in this genus have leaves with a few more or less parallel veins, and tube-shaped flowers usually with a white beard inside.
Max Keil Building (712 N. Market Street)
Max Keil Building is a historic commercial building located at Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware. It was built about 1850, and modified in the Art Moderne / Art Deco style in 1938.  It is a three-story, single-bay commercial building with a rectangular plan built of wall bearing brick construction.  The front facade features a large curved glass display window on the first floor and an austere, peach-colored terra-cotta wall with a large rectangular window of structural glass block at the second and third floors.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Moderne architecture
Moderne architecture, also sometimes referred to as Style Moderne, Art Moderne, or simply Moderne, Jazz Age Moderne, jazz modern or Jazz Style, describes certain styles of architecture popular from 1925 through the 1940s. It is closely related to Art Deco.
Tarpaper Sky
Tarpaper Sky is the fourteenth solo studio album by Rodney Crowell.  Crowell co-produced the album with long-time collaborator Steuart Smith and Dan Knobler.  Tarpaper Sky follows Crowell's Grammy-winning duet album with Emmylou Harris, Old Yellow Moon and is his first release on New West.

Tarpaper Sky is made up of entirely original Crowell compositions.  Doug Freeman of the Austin Chronicle credits Crowell for "balancing ballads and bar room stomps ... with his characteristic sense of autobiographical detail and precarious mortality."

The track, "God I'm Missing You," originally appeared on the 2012 Vanguard Records release Kin: Songs by Mary Karr & Rodney Crowell.  Lucinda Williams performed the song on that compilation album.  The phrase "Tarpaper Sky" appears in a line in that song.

Old Yellow Moon
Old Yellow Moon is a collaborative album by American country music singer-songerwriters Emmylou Harris and Rodney Crowell, released on February 26, 2013, in the United States by Nonesuch Records. It is the 27th and 14th studio album for Harris and Crowell, respectively, as well as Harris's fifth album for Nonesuch Records. The duo followed up this collaboration with The Traveling Kind two years later.

Produced by Harris' ex-husband and longtime producer Brian Ahern, Old Yellow Moon was recorded in 2012 at Eastern Island Sounds and Ronnie's Place, both in Nashville.
New City, Illinois
New City is an unincorporated community in Cotton Hill Township, Sangamon County, Illinois, United States, in the rural center of the state. It is part of the Springfield, Illinois Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Springfield metropolitan area, Illinois
The Springfield Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties in Central Illinois, anchored by the city of Springfield. As of the 2000 census, the MSA had a population of 201,437 (though a July 1, 2009 estimate placed the population at 208,182).

Metropolitan Springfield is southwest of Chicago, south of Peoria, southwest of Bloomington, west-southwest Champaign, and west of Decatur.
Sporting de Huelva
Sporting Club de Huelva is a Spanish women's football club based in Huelva, Andalusia. The club currently play in the Segunda Federación, the third tier of the Spanish women's football league system. It was founded in Huelva in 2004 as a restructuring of an homonymous junior (men's) football club, which had been founded in 1979 and dissolved nine years later, by its original founder, Antonio Toledo, who has also served as the team's manager and sporting director.

Huelva
Huelva (US: /ˈhwɛlvə/ WHEL-və, Spanish: [ˈwelβa] ⓘ, locally [ˈɡweɾβa]) is a municipality of Spain and the capital of the province of Huelva, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Located in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula, it sits between the estuaries of the Odiel and Tinto rivers on the Atlantic coast of the Gulf of Cádiz. According to the 2010 census, the city had a population of 149,410.

While the existence of an earlier pre-Phoenician settlement within the current urban limits since c. 1250 BC has been tentatively defended by scholars, Phoenicians established a stable colony roughly by the 9th century BC. Modern economic activity conformed to copper and pyrite extraction upstream funded by British capital and to the role of its port, as well as with the later development of a petrochemical industry.

Huelva is home to Recreativo de Huelva, the oldest football club in Spain.
Ecological overshoot
Ecological overshoot is the phenomenon which occurs when the demands made on a natural ecosystem exceed its regenerative capacity. Global ecological overshoot occurs when the demands made by humanity exceed what the biosphere of Earth can provide through its capacity for renewal. Scientific use of the term in the context of the global ecological impact of humanity is attributed to a 1980 book by William R. Catton, Jr. titled Overshoot: The Ecological Basis of Revolutionary Change.

I = PAT
I = (PAT) is the mathematical notation of a formula put forward to describe the impact of human activity on the environment.

I = P × A × T

The expression equates human impact (I) on the environment to a function of three factors: population (P), affluence (A) and technology (T). It is similar in form to the Kaya identity, which applies specifically to emissions of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide.

The validity of expressing environmental impact as a simple product of independent factors, and the factors that should be included and their comparative importance, have been the subject of debate among environmentalists. In particular, some have drawn attention to potential inter-relationships among the three factors; and others have wished to stress other factors not included in the formula, such as political and social structures, and the scope for beneficial, as well as harmful, environmental actions.