hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wah Wah Springs Caldera
Wah Wah Springs Caldera is a supervolcanic eruption remnant discovered in 2013 in Utah. It released 5,500 to 5,900 cubic kilometres (1,300 to 1,400 mi3) of tephra, at the Wah Wah Springs Tuff, about 30.06 million years ago in the early Oligocene. It is the largest of the Indian Peak-Caliente Caldera Complex, and includes flows over 500 m (1,640 feet) thick at the most. It is considered one of the largest single explosive eruptions known in Earth's history, and the second most energetic event to have occurred on Earth since the asteroid impact at the end of the Cretaceous period.

Supervolcano
A supervolcano is a volcano that has had an eruption with a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 8, the largest recorded value on the index. This means the volume of deposits for such an eruption is greater than 1,000 cubic kilometers (240 cubic miles).

Supervolcanoes occur when magma in the mantle rises into the crust but is unable to break through it. Pressure builds in a large and growing magma pool until the crust is unable to contain the pressure and ruptures. This can occur at hotspots (for example, Yellowstone Caldera) or at subduction zones (for example, Toba).

Large-volume supervolcanic eruptions are also often associated with large igneous provinces, which can cover huge areas with lava and volcanic ash. These can cause long-lasting climate change (such as the triggering of a small ice age) and threaten species with extinction. The Oruanui eruption of New Zealand's Taupō Volcano (about 25,600 years ago) was the world's most recent VEI-8 eruption.
Wilton, Ryedale
Wilton is a small village and civil parish near Pickering in North Yorkshire, England. The village is 4 miles (6.4 km) east of Pickering, 12 miles (19 km) west of Scarborough, and 10 miles (16 km) north-east of Malton.

Scarborough, North Yorkshire
Scarborough (/ˈskɑːbrə/) is a seaside town and civil parish in the district and ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. With a population of 61,749, Scarborough is the largest town on the Yorkshire Coast and the fourth-largest settlement in the county.

located on the North Sea coast, and is on the Cleveland Way long distance footpath which follows the coast through the town. Historically in the North Riding of Yorkshire, the town lies between 10 and 230 feet (3–70 m) above sea level, from Scarborough Harbour rising steeply north and west towards limestone cliffs. The older part of the town lies around the harbour and is protected by a rocky headland that extends into the North Sea.

The town has fishing and service industries, including a growing digital and creative economy, and is a tourist destination. Residents of the town are known as Scarborians.
Joulupöytä
Joulupöytä (pronounced [ˈjou̯luˌpøy̯tæ]; "Yule table") is the traditional assortment of foods served on Christmas Eve in Finland. It contains many different dishes, most of them typical for the season.

The main dish is usually a large Christmas ham, which is eaten with mustard.  The ham is served with a beetroot-carrot-potato-salad called rosolli, alongside mushroom salad and various casseroles (laatikko) made with swede, carrot or potato, occasionally also a liver casserole. Gravlax and herring are also often served, and sometimes lutefisk (lipeäkala), along with boiled potatoes, peas and rye bread.

Christmas dessert consists of prune jam tarts, gingerbread biscuits and rice porridge, with plum kisel. The traditional dessert beverage is alcoholic or non-alcoholic mulled wine (glögi in Finnish).

Gingerbread man
A gingerbread man is a biscuit or cookie made from gingerbread, usually in the shape of a stylized human being. However, other shapes, especially seasonal themes (Christmas, Halloween, Easter, etc.), and characters are also common.
December 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
December 17 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - December 19

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on December 31 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For December 18th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on December 5.

Flannán
Flannán mac Toirrdelbaig (Latin: Flannanus; fl. 640) was an Irish saint who lived in the 7th century and was the son of an Irish chieftain, Toirdhealbhach of Dál gCais. He entered Mo Lua's monastery at Killaloe, where it is believed he became an Abbot. He is remembered as a great preacher. He made a pilgrimage to Rome where Pope John IV consecrated him as the first Bishop of Killaloe, of which he is the Patron Saint. He also preached in the Hebrides. His feast day is 18 December.
St. Anthony High School (New Jersey)
St. Anthony High School was a four-year co-educational Catholic high school in Jersey City, New Jersey, that was known for its high-powered basketball program coached by Bob Hurley Sr. The school closed in 2017.

It operated under the supervision of the Archdiocese of Newark and was affiliated for much of its history with St. Anthony of Padua Catholic Church, which owns the building. The school had been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools since 1997.

Cardinal McCarrick High School
Cardinal McCarrick High School (CMHS), later known as Cardinal McCarrick/St. Mary's High School, was a Catholic secondary school located in South Amboy, New Jersey, that operated under the supervision of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Metuchen. The school closed at the end of the 2014–15 school year, in the wake of an increasing financial deficit.

As of the 2009–10 school year, the school had an enrollment of 328 students and 25.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.8:1.
Turold on the Bayeux Tapestry
Turold is one of the tituli on the Bayeux tapestry. Which of two figures is being identified is uncertain, as is the identification of the namesake with a known historical person. He may be the same person as Turold of Rochester.

Bayeux Tapestry tituli
The Bayeux Tapestry tituli are Medieval Latin captions that are embroidered on the Bayeux Tapestry and describe scenes portrayed on the tapestry. These depict events leading up to the Norman conquest of England concerning William, Duke of Normandy, and Harold, Earl of Wessex, later King of England, and culminating in the Battle of Hastings.
Quasi-fibration
In algebraic topology, a quasifibration is a generalisation of fibre bundles and fibrations introduced by Albrecht Dold and René Thom. Roughly speaking, it is a continuous map p: E → B having the same behaviour as a fibration regarding the (relative) homotopy groups of E, B and p−1(x). Equivalently, one can define a quasifibration to be a continuous map such that the inclusion of each fibre into its homotopy fibre is a weak equivalence. One of the main applications of quasifibrations lies in proving the Dold-Thom theorem.

Algebraic topology
Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics that uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces. The basic goal is to find algebraic invariants that classify topological spaces up to homeomorphism, though usually most classify up to homotopy equivalence.

Although algebraic topology primarily uses algebra to study topological problems, using topology to solve algebraic problems is sometimes also possible. Algebraic topology, for example, allows for a convenient proof that any subgroup of a free group is again a free group.
Sonny Anderson
Anderson da Silva (born 19 September 1970), better known as Sonny Anderson, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a striker. A prolific goalscorer at the club level, he was best known for his spells with Lyon, Monaco (he played most of his abroad career in France, amassing Ligue 1 totals of 221 matches and 138 goals) and Barcelona.

He participated with Brazil in the 2001 Confederations Cup, and won a total of six caps for his country, scoring one goal.

Swiss Super League
The Super League (also known as the Brack Super League for sponsorship reasons) is a professional association football league in Switzerland and the highest level of the Swiss football league system. It has been played in its current format since the 2003–04 season. The Swiss Super League is ranked 16th in Europe according to UEFA's ranking of league coefficients, which is based upon Swiss team performances in European competitions. The 2025–26 season is the 129th season of the Swiss top-flight, making it the longest continuously running top-flight national league.
Cherry Wood
Cherry Wood is a 1.8 hectare Local Nature Reserve and Site of Borough Importance for Nature Conservation, Grade II, in Morden Park in the London Borough of Merton. It is owned by Merton Council and managed by the council together with the Friends of Cherry Wood.

The wood is a surviving fragment of a much larger wood shown on an 1837 map as Great Wood, and it is now surrounded by suburban housing. Until 1990 it was a rubbish dump, but it was then restored as a nature reserve. The main trees are pedunculate oak, ash and horse chestnut. Flowers include bluebells, ramsons and wood melick, and twenty-five species of bird have been recorded, including three species of woodpecker, chiffchaff and tawny owl.

There is access from Northernhay Walk and Shaldon Drive.

Morden Park
Morden Park is an area within the district of Morden in the London Borough of Merton, and includes the Park itself, an area of green space in an otherwise dense cluster of 1930s suburban housing.

The present park and sports fields between Hillcross Avenue, London Road/Epsom Road and Lower Morden Lane are owned and managed by the London Borough of Merton parks department and cover land that previously formed the grounds of Morden Park House, a small 18th-century country estate (not to be confused with Morden Hall Park, the National Trust property close to Morden town centre).
Coraniaid
The Coraniaid [kɔˈranjaid] are a race of beings from Welsh mythology. They appear in the Middle Welsh prose tale Lludd and Llefelys, which survives in the Mabinogion and inserted into several texts of the Brut y Brenhinedd, a Welsh adaptation of Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae. The Coraniaid figure in the tale as one of three plagues that affect Britain during the reign of King Lludd. They are characterized by a sense of hearing so acute that they can hear any word the wind touches, making action against them impossible.

Geoffrey of Monmouth
Geoffrey of Monmouth (Latin: Galfridus Monemutensis, Galfridus Arturus; Welsh: Gruffudd ap Arthur, Sieffre o Fynwy; c. 1095 – c. 1155) was a  Christian cleric from Monmouth, Wales, and one of the major figures in the popularity of tales of King Arthur.

He is best known for his chronicle The History of the Kings of Britain (Latin: De gestis Britonum or Historia Regum Britanniae) which was widely popular in its day, being translated into other languages from its original Latin. It was given historical credence well into the 16th century, but is now considered historically unreliable.
Cecil Peak
Cecil Peak is a mountain in the Wakatipu Basin, New Zealand and reaches a height of 1,978 metres. It is on the south side of Lake Wakatipu south-southwest of Queenstown, and is prominent within the area.

Vegetation is mainly grass and tussock (as it is under a pastoral lease) with trees near the waterline. Hidden Island is one of four islands in Lake Wakatipu and sits very close to the shoreline of Cecil Peak. 
On 27 March 2010 a local band performed an outdoor concert in a natural amphitheatre on the peak playing songs from the band Pink Floyd.

Wakatipu Basin
The Wakatipu Basin is a plain surrounded by mountains in Queenstown Lakes District, in the southern South Island of New Zealand.

At the south west corner is found the Queenstown suburb of Frankton and Queenstown Airport.  This is where the basin abuts the Frankton arm of Lake Wakatipu. At the northeast corner of the basin is Arrowtown and at the NW corner is Arthur's Point. To the south is found the Remarkables mountain range; to the North is Coronet Peak.  The Crown Range forms the eastern boundary of the basin. Located centrally in the basin is Lake Hayes. Much of the basin is drained by the Kawarau River.

The economy of the basin and surrounding areas is largely supported by tourism, though the importance of the vineyards of the Gibbston Valley and Central Otago wine regions has increased since the 1990s.
Colchester, Connecticut
Colchester is a town in New London County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Southeastern Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 15,555 at the 2020 census. In 2010 Colchester became the first town in Connecticut, and the 36th in the country, to be certified with the National Wildlife Federation as a Community Wildlife Habitat.

The villages of Westchester and North Westchester are located within Colchester. The town center village, which was previously incorporated as a borough, is a census-designated place, with a population of 4,700 at the 2020 census.

The Colchester area was part of the Mohegan territory at the time of European settlement. Several members of the Paugussett tribe currently reside in Colchester, where the tribe (which also has a heritage property in Trumbull) has a larger and more recently acquired 106-acre (0.43 km2) reservation.

The Colchester Historical Society operates a local history museum.

Trumbull, Connecticut
Trumbull is a town located in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Greater Bridgeport Planning Region, and borders on the cities of Bridgeport and Shelton, as well as the towns of Stratford, Fairfield, Easton and Monroe. The population was 36,827 during the 2020 census. The Trumbull area was the home of the Golden Hill Paugussett Indian Nation for thousands of years before the English settlement was made in 1639.

After independence, the successful American Yankees named the town after one of their own, Jonathan Trumbull (1710–1785), a merchant, Patriot (American soldier) and statesman. Aviation pioneer Igor Sikorsky lived in Trumbull during his active years, when he designed, built, and flew fixed-wing aircraft and put the helicopter into mass production for the first time.
1913 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1913 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 24th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.

Toomevara were the defending champions.

Toomevara won the championship after a 2–03 to 0–00 defeat of Cashel in the final. It was their fourth championship title overall and their second title in succession.

1912 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1912 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 23rd staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.

Thurles were the defending champions.

Toomevara won the championship after a 6–04 to 0–01 defeat of Tipperary O'Leary's. It was their third championship title overall and their first title since 1910.
Galoon
Galoon is a village in Gram Panchayat Kadiwan of Rohru tehsil of Shimla district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. It is approximately 48 km from Rohru and 102 km from district headquarters Shimla.

Rohru
Rohru is a town and a municipal committee in Shimla district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. It is at the banks of the Pabbar River, and it is about 115 km from Shimla city.  Rohru is at 31°12′07″N 77°45′07″E﻿ / ﻿31.202°N 77.7519°E﻿ / 31.202; 77.7519. It has an average elevation of 1,525  metres (5,003 feet).
Electoral Reform Coalition
The Electoral Reform Coalition (ERC) is a group advocating electoral reform in New Zealand. It was founded in 1986. The group has been reformed as the Campaign for MMP to fight to retain Mixed-member proportional representation at the 2011 referendum on the issue.

2011 New Zealand voting system referendum
The 2011 New Zealand voting system referendum was a referendum on whether to keep the existing mixed member proportional (MMP) voting system, or to change to another voting system, for electing Members of Parliament to New Zealand's House of Representatives. It was held on 26 November 2011 in conjunction with the 2011 general election.

The referendum was indicative (non-binding), and asked two questions. The first question asked voters if they wished to keep the existing MMP voting system, or change to a different voting system. The second question asked which alternative voting system the voter would prefer if New Zealand were to change voting system: first past the post, preferential voting, single transferable vote, or supplementary member.

The official results were returned on 10 December 2011, with voters voting by majority to keep the MMP voting system. First-past-the-post received the plurality of the alternative system vote.
KSE 100 Index
The KSE-100 Index is a total return stock index acting as a benchmark to compare prices on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) over a period.

In determining representative companies to compute the index on, companies with the highest market capitalization are selected. However, to ensure full market representation, the company with the highest market capitalization from each sector is also included.

Lucky Cement
Lucky Cement Limited, also known as Lucky Group, is a Pakistani conglomerate headquartered in Karachi, Sindh. Named after the place, Lakki Marwat, where the first plant was commissioned in 1993, Lucky has become one of the largest cement producers in Pakistan. It has 15.3 million tonnes per annum of manufacturing capacity. The company is listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange.
Matanao
Matanao, officially the Municipality of Matanao (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Matanao; Tagalog: Bayan ng Matanao), is a municipality in the province of Davao del Sur, Philippines. At the 2020 census it had a population of 60,493 people. It is situated on the island of Mindanao, the second-largest and southernmost major island in the Philippines.

Matanao is bordered in the west by the town of Columbio, in the province of Sultan Kudarat, in the north by the towns of Magsaysay and Bansalan, in the east by Hagonoy and the city of Digos, and in the south by Kiblawan and Padada.

Padada
Padada, officially the Municipality of Padada (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Padada; Tagalog: Bayan ng Padada), is a municipality in the province of Davao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 29,878 people, making it the least populated municipality in the province.

Its boundaries were defined by Republic Act No. 1008, approved June 12, 1954.

"Padada" refers to a tree from the mangrove family which were once abundant along its entire shoreline and estuaries but due to encroachment and indiscriminate fish farming, the Padada trees became extinct.
Boris Miller
Boris Vsevolodovich Miller (Russian: Борис Всеволодович Миллер, 12 November 1877 – 6 August 1956) was a Soviet Iranianist scholar, professor at Moscow State University, and doctor of sciences in philology.

Talysh language
Talysh (تؤلشه زوؤن, Tolışə Zıvon, Tолышә зывон) is a Northwestern Iranian language spoken in the northern regions of the Iranian provinces of Gilan and Ardabil and the southern regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan by around 500,000-800,000 people. Talysh language is closely related to Tati and Zaza languages and along with Tati and Zaza, is located at the westernmost part of the Western Iranian languages. It includes many dialects usually divided into three main clusters: Northern (in Azerbaijan and Iran), Central (Iran) and Southern (Iran). Talysh is partially, but not fully, intelligible with Persian. Talysh is classified as "vulnerable" by UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.
2012 Tennessee Senate election
The 2012 Tennessee State Senate election was held on November 6, 2012, to elect 16 of the 33 seats for the Tennessee's State Senate. The elections coincided with the Presidential, U.S. Senate, U.S. House, and State House elections. The primary elections were held on August 2, 2012.

Republicans gained 6 seats, getting a supermajority in the Senate chamber.

2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee
The 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee was held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012, to elect the nine U.S. representatives from the state of Tennessee, one from each of the state's nine congressional districts. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including a quadrennial presidential election and an election to the U.S. Senate. Primary elections were held on August 2, 2012.

These elections were the first under Tennessee's new congressional map after redistricting was completed by the state government. Following the 2012 elections, no seats changed hands, leaving the Tennessee delegation at a 7-2 Republican majority.
Khoza Mamayev
Khoza (Russian: Хоза Мамаев; c. 1820 – 1855) was a 19th-century Chechen commander and naib of Aukh after his appointment by Shamil in 1851. He died in 1855 during a battle with the Russian army. Khoza was of the Gendargenoy teip and Mammi-Nek'e (Branch of a teip).

Imam Shamil
Imam Shamil (26 June 1797 – 4 February 1871) was the third Imam of the Caucasian Imamate (1840–1859), and a Muslim sheikh of the Naqshbandi Sufi order. Nicknamed the "Caucasian Eagle", he was the political, military, and spiritual leader of North Caucasian resistance to Imperial Russia in the 1800s; his rule was recognized in Dagestan and Chechnya, and indirectly through his representative Muhammad Amin, in Circassia. He is considered a hero by peoples of the Northern Caucasus.
Sheshan Island
Sheshan Island (simplified Chinese: 佘山岛; traditional Chinese: 佘山島; pinyin: Shéshān Dǎo) is located 35 km (22 mi) east of Chongming Island, in the estuary of the Yangtze River. The area is 0.037 km2 (0.014 sq mi).

The island is under the jurisdiction of the Shanghai Municipal Region and is guarded by the People's Liberation Army Navy. A 130-year-old lighthouse is located on the island. On November 1, 2005, the stele of "Chinese territorial sea baseline point" was erected.

Chongming Island
Chongming (Chinese: 崇明岛), formerly romanized as Chungming, is an alluvial island at the mouth of the Yangtze River in East China covering 1,267 square kilometers (489 sq mi) as of 2010. Together with the islands Changxing and Hengsha, it forms Chongming District, the northernmost area of the provincial-level municipality of Shanghai. At the time of the 2010 Chinese census, its population was 660,000.

A 20-kilometer-long (12 mi) stretch of the north shore of the island is not part of Chongming District of Shanghai but are instead two pene-exclaves of Jiangsu, formed by the connection of Chongming to the formerly-separate island of Yonglongsha.
Spatial statistics
Spatial statistics is a field of applied statistics dealing with spatial data.
It involves stochastic processes (random fields, point processes), sampling, smoothing and interpolation, regional (areal unit) and lattice (gridded) data, point patterns, as well as image analysis and stereology.

Point pattern analysis
Point pattern analysis (PPA) is the study of point patterns, the spatial arrangements of points in (usually) 2-dimensional space. The simplest formulation is a set X = {x ∈ D} where D, which can be called the 'study region,' is a subset of Rn, a n-dimensional Euclidean space.