hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tribovoltaic effect
The tribovoltaic effect is a type of triboelectric current where a direct-current (DC) current is generated by sliding a P-type semiconductor on top of a N-type semiconductor or a metal surface without the illumination of photons, which was firstly proposed by Wang et al. in 2019 and later observed experimentally in 2020. When a P-type semiconductor slides over a N-type semiconductor, electron-hole pairs can be produced at the interface, which separate in the built-in electric field (contact potential difference) at the semiconductor interface, generating a DC current. Research has shown that the tribovoltaic effect can occur at various interfaces, such as metal-semiconductor interface, P-N semiconductors interface, metal-insulator-semiconductor interface, metal-insulator-metal interface, and liquid-semiconductor interface. The tribovoltaic effect may find applications in the fields of energy harvesting and smart sensing.

Schottky barrier
A Schottky barrier, named after Walter H. Schottky, is a potential energy barrier for electrons formed at a metal–semiconductor junction. Schottky barriers have rectifying characteristics, suitable for use as a diode. One of the primary characteristics of a Schottky barrier is the Schottky barrier height, denoted by ΦB (see figure). The value of ΦB depends on the combination of metal and semiconductor.

Not all metal–semiconductor junctions form a rectifying Schottky barrier; a metal–semiconductor junction that conducts current in both directions without rectification, perhaps due to its Schottky barrier being too low, is called an ohmic contact.
Samavasarana
In Jainism, Samavasarana or Samosharana ("Refuge to All") is the divine preaching hall of the Tirthankara, stated to have more than 20,000 stairs in it. The word samavasarana is derived from two words, sama, meaning general and avasara, meaning opportunity. It is an important feature in Jain art. The Samavasarana seems to have replaced the original Jain stupa as an object of worship.

Jain art
Jain art refers to religious works of art associated with Jainism. Even though Jainism has spread only in some parts of India, it has made a significant contribution to Indian art and architecture.

In general Jain art broadly follows the contemporary style of Indian Buddhist and Hindu art, though the iconography, and the functional layout of temple buildings, reflects specific Jain needs.  The artists and craftsmen producing most Jain art were probably not themselves Jain, but from local workshops patronized by all religions.  This may not have been the case for illustrated manuscripts, where many of the oldest Indian survivals are Jain.

Jains mainly depict tirthankara or other important people in a seated or standing meditative posture, sometimes on a very large scale. Yaksa and yaksini, attendant spirits who guard the tirthankara, are usually shown with them.
Asian Women's Junior Handball Championship
The Asian Women's Junior Handball Championship is the official competition for junior women's national handball teams of Asia, and takes place every two years. In addition to crowning the Asian champions, the tournament also serves as a qualifying tournament for the IHF Women's Junior World Championship.

IHF Women's U20 Handball World Championship
The IHF Women's U20 Handball World Championship (or the IHF Women's Junior World Championship) is the official competition for women's national handball teams under age 20, has been organized by the International Handball Federation since 1977. It takes place every two years in even years.
Lake County Arts Council
The Lake County Arts Council is the official arts council for Lake County, California, USA, founded in 1981. It runs under the California Arts Council (CAC).

The Lake County Arts Council runs the Main Street Gallery, a small gallery for visual arts with space for arts classes in Lakeport, Ca. This space is also used for the Lake County Arts Council's literary program, which hosts the county's Poetry Out Loud Program, recurring Writer's Circles, and more. In addition, the Lake County Arts Council has other events and programs including Art in Public Places, the Spring Dance Festival, and the Summer Youth Art Camp.

The Lake County Arts Council also owns and operates the Soper Reese Theatre, Lake County's only fixed seating theatre located in Lakeport, California. The Soper Reese Theatre is a live performance venue that shows live theatrical shows, dance, live music, and has a Classic Cinema showing twice a month.

Lake County, California
Lake County is a county located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 68,163. The county seat is Lakeport. The county takes its name from Clear Lake, the dominant geographic feature in the county and the largest non-extinct natural lake wholly within California. (Lake Tahoe is partially in Nevada; the Salton Sea was formed by flooding; Tulare Lake was drained by the agricultural industry.)

Lake County forms the Clearlake, California micropolitan statistical area. It is directly north of the San Francisco Bay Area.

Lake County is part of California's Wine Country, which also includes Napa, Sonoma, and Mendocino counties. It includes nine American Viticultural Areas and around 20 bonded wineries.
Mean curvature flow
In the field of differential geometry in mathematics, mean curvature flow is an example of a geometric flow of hypersurfaces in a Riemannian manifold (for example, smooth surfaces in 3-dimensional Euclidean space). Intuitively, a family of surfaces evolves under mean curvature flow if the normal component of the velocity of which a point on the surface moves is given by the mean curvature of the surface.  For example, a round sphere evolves under mean curvature flow by shrinking inward uniformly (since the mean curvature vector of a sphere points inward).  Except in special cases, the mean curvature flow develops singularities.

Under the constraint that volume enclosed is constant, this is called surface tension flow.

It is a parabolic partial differential equation, and can be interpreted as "smoothing".

Sphere
A sphere (from Ancient Greek σφαῖρα, sphaîra) is a surface analogous to the circle, a curve. In solid geometry, a sphere is the set of points that are all at the same distance r from a given point in three-dimensional space. That given point is the center of the sphere, and the distance r is the sphere's radius. The earliest known mentions of spheres appear in the work of the ancient Greek mathematicians.

The sphere is a fundamental surface in many fields of mathematics. Spheres and nearly-spherical shapes also appear in nature and industry. Bubbles such as soap bubbles take a spherical shape in equilibrium. The Earth is often approximated as a sphere in geography, and the celestial sphere is an important concept in astronomy. Manufactured items including pressure vessels and most curved mirrors and lenses are based on spheres. Spheres roll smoothly in any direction, so most balls used in sports and toys are spherical, as are ball bearings.
EiffelTowers Nijmegen
EiffelTowers Nijmegen was a Dutch basketball club based in Nijmegen. The club played in the top-tier Eredivisie during the period 2000–2005 and won one championship in 2003. In 2005, the club merged with EBBC Den Bosch to form EiffelTowers Den Bosch.

Basketball Cup (Netherlands)
The Basketball Cup, for sponsorship reasons the TOTO Basketball Cup and formerly the NBB Cup (Dutch: NBB-Beker), is an annual cup competition for Dutch basketball teams organised by the Basketball Nederland. Every team in the Netherlands can participate by signing up for the preliminary rounds. Professional basketball teams from the Dutch Basketball League (DBL) enter the tournament in the fourth round. From 1977 until 1990 professional teams were not allowed to participate in the competition.

The tournament is organized in a knock-out format, with quarter- and semi-finals being two-legged series while the final is played in a single game. Heroes Den Bosch holds the record for most cup titles with nine titles. During the 2020–21 season, the tournament was not played and was replaced by the DBL Cup, featuring only the twelve DBL teams.
1957 Navy Midshipmen football team
The 1957 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy (USNA) as an independent during the 1957 college football season. Led by eighth-year head coach Eddie Erdelatz, the Midshipmen shut out No. 10 Army, 14–0, to end the regular season at 8–1–1; they were ranked fifth in the final polls, released in early December.

In December, Navy won its third Lambert Trophy, an award for the season's best college football team in the East. The Middies had previously won the award in 1943 and 1954. Navy and the small-college winner of the Lambert Cup, Lehigh, were lauded as proof that a university could field a competitive football team without compromising its academic standards.

Favored by a point, Navy won the Cotton Bowl 20–7 over eighth-ranked Rice on New Year's Day.

1954 Navy Midshipmen football team
The 1954 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy (USNA) as an independent during the 1954 college football season. The team was led by fifth-year head coach Eddie Erdelatz, and they acquired the nickname "Team Named Desire" during the press conference following the 25–0 road shutout of Stanford, when Erdelatz said, "Every man on this team is full of desire."

After defeating No. 5 Army in Philadelphia, the Midshipmen were ranked fifth in both final polls, released in late November, and played in their first bowl game in 31 years. Navy shut out #6 Ole Miss 21–0 in the Sugar Bowl in New Orleans on New Year's Day.
2014–15 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 2 – Men's 1500 metres
The men's 1500 metres race of the 2014–15 ISU Speed Skating World Cup 2, arranged in the Taereung International Ice Rink, in Seoul, South Korea, was held on 21 November 2014.

The race was won by Sverre Lunde Pedersen of Norway, while Wouter olde Heuvel of the Netherlands in second place, and Kjeld Nuis of the Netherlands in third place. Kim Jin-su of South Korea won Division B.

2014–15 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 2
The second competition weekend of the 2014–15 ISU Speed Skating World Cup was held in the Taereung International Ice Rink in Seoul, South Korea, from Friday, 21 November, until Sunday, 23 November 2014.

Continuing his success debut of the previous weekend, Pavel Kulizhnikov of Russia won both 500 m races, and the 1000 m race. Claudia Pechstein of Germany bettered her own record as the oldest winner of a World Cup race, to 42 years and 272 days, as she won the women's 5000 m.
Pikes Arm
Pikes Arm (alternatively "Pike's Arm") is a fishing community located on New World Island in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It is a few minutes outside Cobb's Arm and about 15 minutes from Twillingate.

Twillingate
Twillingate is a town of 2,121 people located on the Twillingate Islands ("Toulinquet") in Notre Dame Bay, off the north eastern shore of the island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The town is about 100 kilometres (62 mi) north of Lewisporte and Gander.

Incorporated on September 30, 1965, the town of Twillingate also incorporates smaller former localities such as Back Harbour, Bayview, Durrell, Gillard's Cove, Jenkins Cove, Manuel's Cove, and Wild Cove. The Twillingate Islands provide an excellent sheltered harbour and easy access to the rich fishing grounds nearby. Twillingate Island is connected to mainland Newfoundland via the Walter B. Elliott causeway as part of Route 340. The town is also one of the oldest ports on the island. It was a historic fishing community, but due to the collapse of the cod fishing industry, its economy now relies more on tourism.
Dega (woreda)
Dega is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Buno Bedelle Zone, Dega is bordered on the south by Chora, on the west by Supena Sodo, on the north by the Mirab Welega Zone, on the northeast by the southern exclave of the Benishangul-Gumuz Region, and on the east by Bedele. Towns in Dega include Dega and Mako. Mako woreda was part of Dega woreda.

Islam in Ethiopia
Islam is the second largest religion in Ethiopia behind Christianity. In 2024, 31.5% of the population was Muslim.

Islam in Ethiopia dates back to the time of Prophet Muhammad; in 615, when a group of Muslims were counseled by Muhammad to escape persecution in Mecca and migrate to the Kingdom of Aksum which was based in Ethiopia and which was ruled by Najashi, a pious Christian king. It is agreed by Islamic scholars that Najashi gave shelter to the Muslim refugees around 615–616 at Axum. Bilal ibn Ribah, the first Muezzin, the person chosen to call the faithful to prayer, and one of the foremost companions of Muhammad, was born in Mecca to an Abyssinian (Ethiopian) mother.
Sukarni
Sukarni Kartodiwirjo (14 July 1916 – 7 May 1971) was an Indonesian freedom fighter and activist who demanded independence for Indonesia during the Dutch colonial era and the Japanese occupation, and was the chairman of the Murba Party until his death.

Renville Agreement
The Renville Agreement was a United Nations Security Council-brokered political accord between the Netherlands, which was seeking to re-establish its colony in Southeast Asia, and Indonesian Republicans seeking Indonesian independence during the Indonesian National Revolution. Ratified on 17 January 1948, the agreement was an unsuccessful attempt to resolve the disputes that arose following the 1946 Linggadjati Agreement. It recognised a cease-fire along the Status Quo Line (Status Quo lijn) or so-called "Van Mook Line", an artificial line that connected the most advanced Dutch positions.

The agreement is named after USS Renville, the ship on which the negotiations were held while anchored in Jakarta Bay.
2025 Alabama State Hornets football team
The 2025 Alabama State Hornets football team represented Alabama State University as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 2025 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Hornets were led by fourth-year head coach Eddie Robinson and played at ASU Stadium in Montgomery, Alabama.

The Alabama State Hornets drew an average home attendance of 20,618, the 7th highest of all NCAA Division I FCS football teams.

ASU Stadium (Alabama)
ASU Stadium is an American football stadium in Montgomery, Alabama, on the campus of Alabama State University that serves as the home field for the Alabama State Hornets football team. The stadium opened in 2012 and replaced the Cramton Bowl as the home of ASU football. ASU Stadium's inaugural game was played November 22, 2012, when it hosted the 89th Turkey Day Classic in which the Hornets hosted the Tuskegee Golden Tigers. The game, won by Tuskegee 27–25, was a sell-out and was televised nationally on ESPNU.

The stadium's current capacity sits at 26,500 but the facility is designed to allow for future expansion that can increase the capacity to 55,000.
Piercebridge
Piercebridge is a village and civil parish in the borough of Darlington and the ceremonial county of Durham, England. It is situated a few miles west of the town of Darlington. It is on the site of a Roman fort of 260–270 CE, which was built at the point where Dere Street crossed the River Tees. Part of the fort is under the village green. The village is sited where the York to Newstead Roman road known as Dere Street crosses the River Tees.

The excavated Roman fort is open to the public and the remains of Piercebridge Roman Bridge over the Tees now lie around 90 metres (300 ft) south of the current course of the river, approximately 450 metres (1,480 ft) east of Piercebridge, at the east side of Cliffe, Richmondshire.

Borough of Darlington
The Borough of Darlington is a unitary authority area with borough status in County Durham, England. Since 1997 Darlington Borough Council has been a unitary authority; it is independent from Durham County Council. It is named after its largest settlement, the town of Darlington, where the council is based. The borough also includes a rural area surrounding the town which contains several villages. The population of the borough at the 2021 census was 107,800, of which over 86% (93,015) lived in the built-up area of Darlington itself.

Since 2016 the council has been a member of the Tees Valley Combined Authority, which has been led by the directly elected Tees Valley Mayor since 2017.

The neighbouring districts are the County Durham district to the north and west, Stockton-on-Tees to the east and North Yorkshire to the south, the River Tees forming the border for the latter.
Peter Mills (American politician)
Sumner Peter Mills III (born June 3, 1943) is an American lawyer and politician from Maine. A Republican, Mills served in the Maine Senate, representing the 26th district. He ran for Governor of Maine in 2006 and 2010 and lost both times in the Republican primary. He is the older brother of the current Governor of Maine Janet Mills.

John Baldacci
John Elias Baldacci (born January 30, 1955) is an American politician who served as the 73rd governor of Maine from 2003 to 2011. A Democrat, he also served in the United States House of Representatives from 1995 to 2003 and in the Maine Senate from 1982 to 1994.

During his tenure as governor, Baldacci initiated reforms in the areas of health care, energy development, administrative reform and efficiency, public education, and led significant efforts to expand investment in workforce training and development.  During his four terms in the U.S. Congress, he served on the Agriculture Committee and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.  He currently serves as vice chair of the board of the non-partisan Northeast-Midwest Institute, a Washington-based, private, nonprofit, and nonpartisan research organization dedicated to economic vitality, environmental quality, and regional equity for Northeast and Midwest states.
Plus+
Plus+ was a social networking, game discovery and multiplayer platform launched by Ngmoco in June 2009. It was similar to Xbox Network, allowing users to interact with other players while playing. The Plus+ Network had approximately 14 million registered users in October 2010.

On March 31, 2013, Plus+ servers were shut down along with the games that were supported.

We Rule
We Rule was a free-to-play mobile game developed by Newtoy and published by ngmoco for iOS and later on Android. It was available for download on the iPhone, iPod Touch and the iPad on the App Store or iTunes, and attracted many users since its release in March 2010. Although a free app, customers were able to buy in-app purchases; as of April 2010, it was the highest-grossing free-to-download game for the iOS.  Within weeks of release, We Rule was estimated to have been downloaded millions of times, with approximately two million user sessions per day. Its gameplay was in part inspired by the Zynga game FarmVille.

On February 1, 2013, We Rule was removed from the Appstore alongside other ngmoco games. The app continued to receive support until March 31, 2013 when its service ended and We Rule became unplayable. Unlike some ngmoco games which continued to function after support ended, We Rule no longer functions.
Harvest Moon: The Tale of Two Towns
Harvest Moon: The Tale of Two Towns is a farming simulation video game developed by Marvelous Entertainment for the Nintendo DS and Nintendo 3DS as part of the Story of Seasons series. It was released in North America on the Nintendo DS on September 20, 2011 and on the Nintendo 3DS on November 1, 2011 by Natsume Inc. The original release date for the Japanese version was set to February 25, 2010 but was moved to July 8, 2010.

The DS version is titled as Harvest Moon DS and the 3DS version is titled as Harvest Moon 3D. New features in the game include new animals like Alpacas and Honey Bees and a Pickle Pot that can be used to make pickled turnips.

An enhanced 3DS version titled Bokujō Monogatari: Futago no Mura+ was released in Japan on December 14, 2017. It included access to StreetPass and better controls.

Marvelous (company)
Marvelous Inc. (株式会社マーベラス, Kabushiki-gaisha Māberasu; previously known as Marvelous Entertainment and Marvelous AQL, stylized as MARVELOUS!) is a Japanese video game developer and publisher, and anime producer. The company was founded in 1997 but formed in its current state in October 2011 after MMV acquired AQ Interactive and Liveware.
Addison (restaurant)
Addison is a restaurant in San Diego, California, that showcases California gastronomy from Chef William Bradley. It was the first and only three Michelin-star restaurant in Southern California until Providence and Somni received a three-star rating in 2025. Opened in 2006, it is located in Carmel Valley, adjacent to Fairmont Grand Del Mar.

Providence (restaurant)
Providence is a Michelin-starred restaurant in Hollywood, California, United States.

Providence and Somni in West Hollywood were simultaneously the first restaurants in Greater Los Angeles to be awarded three Michelin stars.
Dotin
Dotin (full name Datis Arian Qeshm) is an Iranian company that operates in the fields of information technology, software production, financial services and security. The company was founded in 2005 and is owned by the Fanap Holding Company associated with Pasargad Financial Group.

Bank Pasargad
Bank Pasargad (Persian: بانک پاسارگاد, Bānk-e Pāsārgād), also known as BPI,  is a major Iranian bank offering retail, commercial and investment banking services. The company was established in 2005 as a part of the government's privatization of the banking system.

35°45′44″N 51°24′57″E﻿ / ﻿35.7622°N 51.4158°E﻿ / 35.7622; 51.4158

While established in Tehran, the bank operates throughout the nation with 3685 employees and 327 branches.
BPI is listed under the Tehran Stock Exchange. In 2006, The bank had an initial capital assessment of $250 million.
In 2009, the bank funded and established an art gallery in Tehran.
In 2013, The Banker magazine rated BPI as among the top "1000 banks in the world", ranking 257th overall. The Bank is also on The Banker's list of the top 500 Islamic financial institutions.
Hapithus luteolira
Hapithus luteolira, the false jumping bush cricket, is a species of bush cricket in the family Gryllidae. It is found in North America.

This species was formerly a member of the genus Orocharis, which recently became a subgenus of Hapithus.

Hapithus
Hapithus is a genus of flightless bush crickets in the family Oecanthidae and typical of the tribe Hapithini, from the Americas. There are more than 200 described species in Hapithus.

The genus Orocharis was recently determined to be a taxonomic synonym of Hapithus, and is now considered a subgenus of the genus Hapithus.
Mathematical statistics
Mathematical statistics is the application of probability theory and other mathematical concepts to statistics, as opposed to techniques for collecting statistical data. Specific mathematical techniques that are commonly used in statistics include mathematical analysis, linear algebra, stochastic analysis, differential equations, and measure theory.

Statistical inference
Statistical inference is the process of using data analysis to infer properties of an underlying probability distribution. Inferential statistical analysis infers properties of a population, for example by testing hypotheses and deriving estimates. It is assumed that the observed data set is sampled from a larger population.

Inferential statistics can be contrasted with descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics is solely concerned with properties of the observed data, and it does not rest on the assumption that the data come from a larger population. In machine learning, the term inference is sometimes used instead to mean "make a prediction, by evaluating an already trained model"; in this context inferring properties of the model is referred to as training or learning (rather than inference), and using a model for prediction is referred to as inference (instead of prediction); see also predictive inference.