hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
International Organization for Plant Information
The International Organization for Plant Information (IOPI) is an international organization founded on September 20, 1991. It runs a series of collaborative international projects aimed at establishing databases of plant classification information and is a committee of the International Union of Biological Sciences.

The Global Plant Checklist was its first objective is to provide a list of all plants by merging data from existing sources. This required development of data standards as well as international co-operation, starting in 1993.

Later aims included the Species Plantarum Project to record taxonomic information about all the vascular plants in the world.

Its dataset was later incorporated into the Catalogue of Life.

History of plant systematics
The history of plant systematics—the biological classification of plants—stretches from the work of ancient Greek to modern evolutionary biologists. As a field of science, plant systematics came into being only slowly, early plant lore usually being treated as part of the study of medicine. Later, classification and description was driven by natural history and natural theology. Until the advent of the theory of evolution, nearly all classification was based on the scala naturae. The professionalization of botany in the 18th and 19th century marked a shift toward more holistic classification methods, eventually based on evolutionary relationships.
Mazlum Kayalar
Mazlum Kayalar (1911 – 3 February 1972) was a Turkish politician.

He was born in Kayılar district in Macedonia (then part of the Turkish Empire).

He was a graduate of Istanbul University Faculty of Law. He served as Bursa Judge's Office, Çanakkale Deputy General Manager, Ministry of Finance Consultant Advocate, and Free Lawyer.

He  was a member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey representing the Democrat Party under Adnan Menderes.

He was married and has two children. He died in Istanbul on February 3, 1972.

Adnan Menderes
Ali Adnan Ertekin Menderes (Turkish: [adˈnan ˈmændeɾes]; 1899 – 17 September 1961) was a Turkish politician who served as Prime Minister of Turkey between 1950 and 1960. He was one of the founders of the Democrat Party (DP) in 1946, the fourth legal opposition party of Turkey. He was tried and hanged under the military junta after the 1960 coup d'état, along with two other cabinet members, Fatin Rüştü Zorlu and Hasan Polatkan. During his tenure, Turkey participated in the Korean War, and was admitted to NATO in 1952. He was the last Turkish political leader to be executed after a military coup. He is also one of the four political leaders of the Turkish Republic who have been honored with a mausoleum, the others being Kemal Atatürk, Süleyman Demirel, and Turgut Özal.
Woodland Cree First Nation
The Woodland Cree First Nation is a First Nation in Alberta, Canada, in Northern Sunrise County northeast of the town of Peace River, encompassing the hamlet of Cadotte Lake.

As of September 2010, 986 people are registered in Woodland Cree First Nation, 697 of them on 16,106 hectarces of reserve.

Woodland Cree First Nation was recognized by Canada on August 28, 1989. On August 20, 1991, it signed a land entitlement treaty with the federal government and received three reserves.

Northern Sunrise County
Northern Sunrise County is a municipal district in northern Alberta, Canada. Located in Census Division 17, its municipal office is located east of the Town of Peace River at the intersection of Highway 2 and Highway 688.
Chris Gonzalez
Matthew Christopher Gonzalez (born July 29, 1991) is an American mixed martial artist and former Greco–Roman wrestler who currently competes in the lightweight division. He has previously had a 10 bout stint in Bellator MMA. As a wrestler, Gonzalez won the 2016 senior Greco-Roman World Team Trials and went on to represent the United States at the 2016 World Championships at 71 kilograms and placed second at the 2017 US Open.

Lightweight (MMA)
The lightweight division in mixed martial arts contains different weight classes:

The UFC's lightweight division, which groups competitors within 146 to 155 lb (66 to 70 kg)

The Shooto lightweight division, which limits competitors to 145 lb (65.8 kg)

The ONE Championship's lightweight division, with an upper limit at 77.1 kg (170.0 lb)

The Road FC's lightweight division, with an upper limit at 154 lb (70 kg)
Mount Turner (Alberta)
Mount Turner is a 2,806-metre (9,206-foot) mountain summit located in the upper Spray River Valley of southern Banff National Park, in the Canadian Rockies of Alberta, Canada. Mount Turner is not visible from any road in Banff Park, however, it can be seen from Alberta Highway 742, also known as the Smith-Dorrien/Spray Trail in Kananaskis Country. Mount Turner's nearest higher peak is Cone Mountain, 2.91 km (1.81 mi) to the north.

Cone Mountain (Alberta)
Cone Mountain is a summit in the Canadian Rockies of Alberta, Canada. It is the southernmost peak in the Sundance Range.

Cone Mountain was so named in 1915 on account of its shape. The mountain's name became official in 1924 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Alexandre del Valle
Marc d'Anna (born 4 September 1968), writing under the pen name Alexandre del Valle, is a Franco-Italian geopolitologist, writer, professor, columnist, and political commentator.

Del Valle specializes in geopolitics. He is known primarily for his analysis of Islamic extremism, and his criticism of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's policies. Del Valle is a proponent of the PanWest paradigm, which is the cooperation between the West and Russia against radical Islamism. He coined the term "red–green–brown alliance" in 2002.

Del Valle focuses on Islamic extremism, geopolitical threats, civilizational conflicts, and terrorism, as well as Mediterranean issues such as Turkey's proposed accession to the European Union. Del Valle wrote on international relations and geopolitics of the Arab-Muslim world.

Italians in France
Italian French (Italian: italo-francesi; French: italo-français) are French-born citizens who are fully or partially of Italian descent, whose ancestors were Italians who emigrated to France during the Italian diaspora, or Italian-born people in France.

Italian migration into what is today France has been going on, in different migrating cycles, for centuries, beginning in prehistoric times right to the modern age. In addition, Corsica passed from the Republic of Genoa to France in 1768, and the county of Nice and Savoy from the Kingdom of Sardinia to France in 1860.

About 5.5 million French nationals are of Italian origin, corresponding to about 8% of the total population (including Corsicans).
Mahatma Otoo
Mahatma Osumanu Otoo (born 6 February 1992) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as a forward. He was the 2012–13 Ghana Premier League top scorer with 20 goals. Otoo played for Sogndal from 2013 to 2017, scoring 31 goals in 93 appearances in all competitions. He won the 1.divisjon in 2015 whilst playing with the Norwegian side.

Ghana Premier League
The Ghana Premier League is the top professional association football league in Ghana organized by the Ghana Football Association and formed in 1958 to replace a previous league incarnation, the Gold Coast Club Competition which ran from 1933 to 1953–54. As of the first quarter of 2024, the league was ranked as the 8th best league in Africa by TeamForm.com.

Asante Kotoko is the most successful team in the league with 25 titles, followed by Accra Hearts of Oak with 20. The bottom 3 teams are relegated at the end of each season and placed in each zone of the Ghanaian Division One League.

The 2019–20 season was halted and eventually cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana that mirrored the cause of postponement or cancellation of association football leagues and competitions across the globe.
Alain Marleix
Alain Marleix (born 2 January 1946) is a French politician. He was the Secretary of State for Veterans in the government of François Fillon from June 2007 to March 2008. From 2008 to 2010, he was in charge of the redefinition of Boundary delimitation for the elections to the National Assembly.

Alain Marleix began his political career as a vice-representative for Georges Pompidou in the Assembléee Nationale, who was then representative for Saint-Flour in the Cantal. Alain Marleix was initially close to Charles Pasqua. During the 1995 presidential election, he supported Édouard Balladur against Jacques Chirac. Since then, he has been supporting Nicolas Sarkozy.

Degree from École supérieure de journalisme de Lille

Degree of political science

Parliamentary journalist, head of the political department of the daily La Nation, from 1968 to 1976

Édouard Balladur
Édouard Balladur (French: [edwaʁ baladyʁ]; born 2 May 1929) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France under François Mitterrand from 29 March 1993 to 17 May 1995. He unsuccessfully ran for president in the 1995 French presidential election, coming in third place.
Asprogerakata
Asprogerakata (Greek: Ασπρογερακάτα) is a small village on the island of Lefkada, Ionian Islands, Greece. It is known for its big plane tree in Fryas Square. It is reported that it was planted in 1845 by Marino and Georgio Asprogerakas, and Christo Karfakis. Until 2011 it was part of the municipal unit Sfakiotes, which has become defunct. It is now part of the unit Lefkada. Asprogerakata was the smallest village in the old municipality as of 2001. It is roughly 7.3 km SW of Lefkada City, 1.4 km NW of Lazarata, 17.5 km NNE of Vasiliki.

Lefkada
Lefkada (Greek: Λευκάδα, Lefkáda, [lefˈkaða]), also known as Lefkas or Leukas (Ancient Greek and Katharevousa: Λευκάς, Leukás, modern pronunciation Lefkás) and Leucadia, is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea on the west coast of Greece, connected to the mainland by a long causeway and floating bridge. The principal town of the island and seat of the municipality is Lefkada. It is situated in the northern part of the island, approximately 25 minutes by automobile away from Aktion National Airport. The island is part of the regional unit of Lefkada.
Arrondissements of the Ain department
The 4 arrondissements of the Ain department are:

Arrondissement of Belley, (subprefecture: Belley) with 104 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 124,868 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Bourg-en-Bresse, (prefecture of the Ain department: Bourg-en-Bresse) with 199 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 342,454 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Gex, (subprefecture: Gex) with 27 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 102,027 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Nantua, (subprefecture: Nantua) with 62 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 93,853 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Gex
The arrondissement of Gex is an arrondissement of France in the Ain department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It approximately corresponds to the historical region of the Pays de Gex. It has 27 communes. Its population is 102,027 (2021), and its area is 404.9 km2 (156.3 sq mi).
Tony Wong (politician)
Tony Wong (born Wong Chi-wah; December 12, 1948 – June 17, 2009) was a Hong Kong Canadian
politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 2003 to 2006 representing the Greater Toronto Area riding of Markham. He was a municipal councillor for the city of Markham from 1997 to 2004 and served as a York Region Councillor from 2006 to 2009.

Hong Kong Canadians
Hong Kong Canadians, or Hong Konger–Canadians, are Canadians who were born or raised in Hong Kong, hold permanent residency in Hong Kong, or trace their ancestry back to Hong Kong. In Canada, the majority of Hong Kong Canadians reside in the metropolitan areas of Toronto and Vancouver. Many Hong Kong Canadians continue to maintain their status as Hong Kong permanent residents.

The largest wave of immigration to Canada from Hong Kong occurred during the late 1980s and early 1990s, as a result of the uncertainties concerning the handover of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to China in 1997. In the decades that followed the handover of Hong Kong, a number of Hong Kong Canadians have moved back to the territory.
Boomerang: Coast to Coaster
Boomerang: Coast to Coaster is a name shared by multiple steel shuttle roller coasters located at several amusement parks in the United States. The roller coasters were designed and manufactured by Vekoma, and are one of the company's Boomerang models. At the time of their installations in the late 1990s, each ride was located in a park owned by Six Flags. All five coasters were originally known as Boomerang: Coast to Coaster, although two have since been renamed.

Steel roller coaster
A steel roller coaster is a type of roller coaster classified by its steel track, which consists of long steel tubes that are run in pairs, supported by larger steel columns or beams. Trains running along the track typically rely on wheels made of polyurethane or nylon to keep each train car anchored to the track. The introduction of tubular steel drastically changed roller coaster innovation, allowing for greater speeds, higher drops, and more intense elements such as inversions.

Arrow Dynamics is credited with inventing tubular steel track and introducing the first modern steel coaster with the opening of Matterhorn Bobsleds at Disneyland in 1959. Older steel-tracked coasters existed previously in a simpler form, such as Little Dipper at Memphis Kiddie Park in Brooklyn, Ohio, which is the oldest operating steel coaster in North America. The oldest in the world is Montaña Suiza at Parque de Atracciones Monte Igueldo (Spain), which has been operating since 1928.
Dorinel Munteanu
Dorinel Ionel Munteanu (Romanian pronunciation: [doriˈnel munˈte̯anu]; born 25 June 1968) is a Romanian football manager and former player, who is currently in charge of Liga I club Hermannstadt.

A former midfielder, Munteanu is the most capped Romanian player of all time, with a total of 134 appearances and 16 goals. He played in two editions of the World Cup, those held in the United States in 1994 and France in 1998, as well as two European Championships, in 1996 and 2000.

Liga II
The Liga 2, most commonly spelled as Liga II, is the second level of the Romanian football league system. The league changed its name from Divizia B just before the start of the 2006–07 football season. It is currently sponsored by Casa Pariurilor, a betting company under the official name Liga 2 Casa Pariurilor.
Matilija Dam
Matilija Dam is a concrete arch dam in Ventura County, California, completed in 1947. Designed for water storage and flood control, it impounds Matilija Creek to create the Matilija Reservoir in the Los Padres National Forest, south of the Matilija Wilderness and north of Ojai.

The drainage area above the damsite is 55 square miles (140 km2), and the reservoir had an original capacity of 7,018 acre⋅ft (8,657,000 m3). Matilija Creek flows on to become the main tributary of the Ventura River.

Matilija was one of the Chumash rancherias under the jurisdiction of Mission San Buenaventura. According to Dartt-Newton and Erlandson writing in American Indian Quarterly, the name Chumash means "bead maker" or "seashell people" being that they originated near the Santa Barbara coast (Newton 416).

Arch dam
An arch dam is a concrete dam that is curved upstream in plan. The arch dam is designed so that the force of the water against it, known as hydrostatic pressure, presses against the arch, causing the arch to straighten slightly and strengthening the structure as it pushes into its foundation or abutments. An arch dam is most suitable for narrow canyons or gorges with steep walls of stable rock to support the structure and stresses. Since they are thinner than any other dam type, they require much less construction material, making them economical and practical in remote areas.
Cryptic crossword
A cryptic crossword is a crossword puzzle in which each clue is a word puzzle. Cryptic crosswords are particularly popular in the United Kingdom, where they originated, as well as Ireland, the Netherlands, and in several Commonwealth nations, including Australia, Canada, India, Kenya, Malta, New Zealand, and South Africa. Compilers of cryptic crosswords are commonly called setters in the UK and constructors in the US.  Particularly in the UK, a distinction may be made between cryptics and quick (i.e. standard) crosswords, and sometimes two sets of clues are given for a single puzzle grid.

Cryptic crossword puzzles come in two main types: the basic cryptic in which each clue answer is entered into the diagram normally, and themed or variety cryptics, in which some or all of the answers must be altered before entering, usually in accordance with a hidden pattern or rule which must be discovered by the solver.

Ruth Crisp
Ruth Crisp (1918–2007) (born Margery Ruth Edwards, who compiled under the names "Crispa" and "Vixen") was one of The Guardian's most noted crossword compilers – producing puzzles for them from 1954 to 2004. She also produced crosswords for The Daily Telegraph, The Times, The Independent, the Financial Times, The Sunday Times, and other publications. Crisp's favourite clue of her own creation was: Men's my one failing, (mother of nine) (9). The solution is Mnemosyne.
51 Arietis
51 Arietis is a star in the northern constellation of Aries. 51 Arietis is the Flamsteed designation. It is a dim, yellow-hued star – a challenge to view with the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 6.6. Based upon parallax measurements, the star is located at an estimated distance of 67.3 light-years (20.6 parsecs) from the Sun. It is receding from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of +9.5 km/s, and is a member of the IC 2391 moving group.

This is an ordinary G-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of G8 V. Similar to the Sun, it has 1.04 times the mass and 0.99 times the Sun's radius. It is 1.4 billion years old with a leisurely rotation rate, showing a projected rotational velocity of 4 km/s. The atmospheric metallicity is higher than solar. The star radiates 92% of the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,666 K. This heat gives it the golden-hued glow of a G-type star.

Flamsteed designation
A Flamsteed designation is a combination of a number and constellation name that uniquely identifies most naked eye stars in the modern constellations visible from southern England. They are named after John Flamsteed, author of the Historia Coelestis Britannica, the first major star catalogue compiled with the aid of a telescope. Flamsteed’s own catalogue did not include what are now known as Flamsteed numbers, but its listing of stars in each constellation provided the basis for later astronomers to add them.
2024 Canadian Mixed Doubles Curling Championship
The 2024 Canadian Mixed Doubles Curling Championship was held from March 17 to 22 at the Aitken University Centre and the Capital Winter Club in Fredericton, New Brunswick. The winning pair of Kadriana and Colton Lott represented Canada at the 2024 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship in Östersund, Sweden.

The format of the championship saw thirty-two teams split into four pools, each playing a seven-game round-robin with 12 teams advancing to the single knockout playoffs. The four pool winners earn byes directly into the quarterfinals, while the teams with the following eight best records, regardless of the pool, competed in the qualification playoff games. The top three teams at this event (champions Colton Lott and Kadriana Lott, runners-up Laura Walker and Kirk Muyres, and bronze medallists Jocelyn Peterman and Brett Gallant) all earned berths into the 2025 Canadian Mixed Doubles Curling Trials to represent Canada at the 2026 Winter Olympics.

2025 Canadian Mixed Doubles Curling Olympic Trials
The 2025 Canadian Mixed Doubles Curling Olympic Trials were held from December 30, 2024, to January 4, 2025, at Queens Place Emera Centre in Liverpool, Nova Scotia. The winning team of Jocelyn Peterman and Brett Gallant represented Canada at the 2025 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship, where they also qualified to represent Canada for the 2026 Winter Olympics.

Unlike previous Canadian Mixed Doubles Curling Trials, athletes were permitted to play in both the Mixed Doubles and Canadian Olympic Curling Trials, and if successful, represent Canada and compete in both mixed doubles and the four-person team events at the 2026 Winter Olympics. This rule change also was part of the rationale to change the timing of these trials to be held 14 months in advance of the Olympics, so there would be little disruption to the training and preparation of four-person teams for the 2025 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials, held in November 2025.
Kars dog
The Kars Shepherd, Turkish: Kars Çoban Köpeği, is a Turkish breed of livestock guardian dog. It is one of three breeds of flock guardian dog in Turkey, the others being the Akbash and the Kangal.

It takes its name from the town of Kars in Kars Province, and is also found throughout the provinces of Ardahan, Artvin, Erzurum and Iğdır in eastern Turkey.

Livestock guardian dog
The livestock guardian or flock guardian dog is a type of dog bred to protect livestock from predators.

Livestock guardian dogs stay with the group of animals they protect as a full-time member of the flock or herd. Their ability to guard their herd is mainly instinctive, as the dog is bonded to the herd from an early age. Unlike herding dogs which control the movement of livestock, they blend in with them, watching for intruders within the flock. They confront predators with vocal intimidation, barking and displaying aggression. This is often enough to ward off predators; dogs may attack or fight with those that cannot be driven away.
The Good Darky
30°24′40″N 71°06′51″W﻿ / ﻿30.41108394382561°N 71.1142520289777°W﻿ / 30.41108394382561; -71.1142520289777

The Good Darky (also called Uncle Jack) is a controversial 1927 American statue of a generic, unnamed, elderly African American man. Originally erected in Natchitoches, Louisiana, it stood there until 1968, but is now in a back lot off a gravel road at the Louisiana State University Rural Life Museum in Baton Rouge.

Natchitoches, Louisiana
Natchitoches (/ˈnækətɪʃ/ ⓘ NAK-ə-tish; French: Les Natchitoches, [le nakitɔʃ]) is a city in and the parish seat of Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 18,039 at the 2020 census. Established in 1714 by Louis Juchereau de St. Denis as part of French Louisiana, the community was named after the indigenous Natchitoches people. The city was incorporated on February 5, 1819, and is the oldest permanent settlement in the land acquired by the Louisiana Purchase. Natchitoches is home to Northwestern State University of Louisiana. Its sister city is Nacogdoches, Texas.
Sabina Shoal
Sabina Shoal, also known as Bãi Sa Bin (Vietnamese: Bãi Sa Bin); Escoda Shoal (Filipino: Buhanginan ng Escoda); Xianbin Jiao (Chinese: 仙賓礁/仙宾礁; pinyin: Xiānbīn Jiāo), is a disputed low-tide elevation atoll located in the northeast of Dangerous Ground in the Spratly Islands, South China Sea.

It is claimed by China, the Philippines, Taiwan and Vietnam. These countries claim the Spratly Islands either in part or their entirety.

The shoal lies within the exclusive economic zone of the Philippines. The EEZ itself does not grant the actual sovereignty except certain exclusive rights and jurisdictions to the Philippines under UNCLOS.

Maritime Militia
The Chinese Maritime Militia (CMM; Chinese: 中国海上民兵), also called China's Maritime Militia or the People's Armed Force Maritime Militia (PAFMM) or Fishery Militia (渔政民兵), is a naval militia of the People's Republic of China (PRC). It is the smallest of the three maritime forces used in Chinese sea patrol operations, next to the China Coast Guard (CCG) and the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN).

The maritime militia takes part in anti-access and area denial missions in areas of the Pacific Ocean claimed by China. By using law enforcement and "civilian" fishing vessels, the PRC is able to use "greyzone" tactics, avoiding a military conflict while still pursuing and enforcing its maritime claims.