hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard John Durley
Richard John Durley MBE (11 February 1868 – 13 August 1948) was Professor of Mechanical Engineering at McGill University (1901–1912), one of three commission members for the design of the University of British Columbia and, during World War I, Officer-in-Charge of Gauges and Standards in the Canadian Ministry of Munitions Department of Inspection.

After the war he was appointed a founding vice-chairman and secretary of the Canadian Engineering Standards Committee with Sir John Kennedy acting as chairman. In 1919, he was appointed Secretary of the Canadian Engineering Standards Association and in 1925 was appointed Secretary of the Engineering Institute of Canada until his retirement in 1938. Durley was also editor of the Engineering Institute of Canada's Engineering Journal between 1925 and 1938.

John Kennedy (engineer)
Sir John Kennedy (26 September 1838 – 25 October 1921) was a Canadian civil engineer.

He was born at Spencerville, Upper Canada, and was educated at McGill University.  In 1863 he was appointed assistant city engineer of Montreal, Quebec.  In 1871 he became division engineer, and later chief engineer of the Great Western System of Canada.  In 1875-1907 he was chief engineer of the Montreal harbour commission.  He deepened the ship canal between Montreal and Quebec from 20 to 27½ feet (6.1 to 8.4 m) and designed and carried out all the improvements in Montreal harbor during 32 years.  He was a member of several royal commissions for engineering purposes connected with the Lachine Canal, the causes of floods at Montreal, and the completion of the Trent Valley Canal system.

He was made a Knight Bachelor in 1916.
Lists of replicas
This is a list of lists of replicas of various specific objects.

List of Eiffel Tower replicas

Independence Hall replicas

Replicas of the Jewish Temple

Replicas of Michelangelo's David

Replicas of Michelangelo's Pietà

Mona Lisa replicas and reinterpretations

List of replicas of Noah's Ark

770 Eastern Parkway replicas

Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

Stonehenge replicas and derivatives

Replicas of the White House

Eiffel Tower replicas and derivatives
As one of the most iconic and recognizable structures in the world, the Eiffel Tower, completed in 1889, has been the inspiration for the creation of over 50 similar towers around the world. Most are not exact replicas, though there are many that resemble it closely, while others look slightly different. The Eiffel Tower has also inspired other towers that are not close resembling replicas and therefore are not listed here, for example the Blackpool Tower.
González Padín
González Padín was a high-end department store based in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The chain which operated in Puerto Rico at its peak had 10 stores. The chain closed in 1995, and at the time of closure it was the biggest and oldest department store on the island.

Dillard's
Dillard's, Inc. is an American department store chain founded in 1938 by William T. Dillard. It is headquartered in Little Rock, Arkansas, and operates approximately 272 stores in 30 states. Currently, the largest number of stores are located in Texas with 57 and Florida with 42.
Harvey Dunn
Harvey Thomas Dunn NA, also known as J. Harvey Dunn (March 8, 1884 – October 29, 1952), was an American painter and teacher. During World War I, Dunn was an artist-correspondent with the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe. Most of Dunn's war sketches are housed at the Smithsonian Institution in the National Museum of American History in Washington, D.C. He is best known for his prairie-intimate masterpiece, The Prairie is My Garden (1950). In this painting, a mother and her two children are out gathering flowers from the quintessential prairie of the Great Plains.

South Dakota State University
South Dakota State University (SDSU or SD State) is a public land-grant research university in Brookings, South Dakota, United States. Founded in 1881, it is the state's largest university and is the second oldest continually operating university in the state. The university is governed by the South Dakota Board of Regents.

South Dakota State University is a land-grant university founded under the provisions of the 1862 Morrill Act. This land-grant heritage and mission has led the university to place a special focus on academic programs in agriculture, engineering, nursing, and pharmacy, as well as liberal arts. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". The graduate program is classified as Doctoral, Science, Technology, Engineering, Math dominant.
Pachian
Pachian (Persian: پاچيان, also Romanized as Pāchīān and Pāchīyān; also known as Pājeyān) is a village in Jafarabad Rural District, Jafarabad District, Qom County, Qom Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 351, in 88 families.

Jafarabad Rural District
Jafarabad Rural District (Persian: دهستان جعفرآباد) is in the Central District of Jafarabad County, Qom province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Jafarabad. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Gazeran, now the city of Jafariyeh.
Archdiocese of Maracaibo
The Archdiocese of Maracaibo (Latin: Archidioecesis Maracaibensis) is an archdiocese in Venezuela. Since November 2000, its Archbishop has been Ubaldo Ramón Santana Sequera. The city of Maracaibo, the second largest in Venezuela, has a population of approximately 2,800,000. The Archdiocese covers a total area of 10,761 square kilometers (4,156 square miles) in Zulia State.

Zulia
Zulia State (Spanish: Estado Zulia, IPA: [esˈtaðo ˈsulja]; Wayuu: Mma’ipakat Suuria) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. The state capital is Maracaibo. As of the 2011 census, it had a population of 3,704,404, making it the most populous state in the country. Zulia is also notable for being one of the few states in Venezuela where voseo—the use of vos as the second-person singular pronoun—is widespread. The state is coterminous with the eponymous region of Zulia.

Zulia is located in northwestern Venezuela, bordering Lake Maracaibo, the largest body of its kind in Latin America. The lake's basin holds some of the largest oil and gas reserves in the Western Hemisphere.

Zulia is economically significant due to its oil and mineral exploitation, but it is also one of Venezuela's major agricultural regions. The state contributes notably in livestock, bananas, fruits, meat, and milk.
John Fusco (New York politician)
John A. Fusco (born September 7, 1937) is an American lawyer, jurist, and politician from the New York City Borough of Staten Island.

Fusco represented parts of Central Staten Island and Bensonhurst, Brooklyn in the New York City Council until his election to the New York Surrogate's Court for Richmond County, New York in November 1998. He served as Minority Whip in the Council until his departure.

He was appointed to the New York Supreme Court by then Governor Eliot Spitzer in 2008, and reached the mandatory retirement age in 2013.

New York Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the State of New York is the superior court in the Judiciary of New York.  It is vested with unlimited civil and criminal jurisdiction, although in many counties outside New York City it acts primarily as a court of civil jurisdiction, with most criminal matters handled in county courts.

New York is the only state where supreme court is a trial court rather than a court of last resort (which in New York is the Court of Appeals). Also, although it is a trial court, the Supreme Court sits as a "single great tribunal of general state-wide jurisdiction, rather than an aggregation of separate courts sitting in the several counties or judicial districts of the state." The Supreme Court is established in each of New York's 62 counties.

A separate branch of the Supreme Court called the Appellate Division serves as the highest intermediate appellate court in New York.
Pisquetomen
Pisquetomen (died c. 1762) was a Lenape chief who acted as interpreter and negotiator for the Lenape in dealings with the Provincial government of Pennsylvania during the mid-eighteenth century. After being rejected in his bid to succeed his uncle Sassoonan as Lenape chief, Pisquetomen joined Shingas and Captain Jacobs in a series of deadly attacks on Pennsylvania settlements at the beginning of the French and Indian War. He eventually participated in peace negotiations that led to the Treaty of Easton in 1758, and is believed to have died in 1762.

Lebanon County, Pennsylvania
Lebanon County (/ˈlɛbənən/ LEB-ə-nən; Pennsylvania German: Lebnen Kaundi) is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 143,257. Its county seat is the city of Lebanon. It lies 72 miles northwest of Philadelphia, which is the nearest major city. The county is part of the South Central region of the commonwealth.

The county was formed from portions of Dauphin and Lancaster counties in 1813, with minor boundary revisions in 1814 and 1821. Lebanon County comprises the Lebanon metropolitan statistical area, which is part of the Harrisburg–York–Lebanon combined statistical area.
KTBH-FM
KTBH-FM (102.7 MHz) – branded The Beach – was a Hot AC/Oldies formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Kurtistown, Hawaii, serving the island of Hawaii. KTBH-FM was owned and operated by Resonate Hawaii, LLC, a division of Australia-based Resonate Broadcasting.

In January 2024, the country-music station KKOA moved from 107.7 FM to 102.7 FM, usurping The Beach's frequency band.

KKOA
KKOA (102.7 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to Volcano, Hawaii, United States, the station serves the Hilo area. The station is owned by Hawai'i Island Radio and features programming from ABC Radio's "Today's Best Country" satellite feed.

In January 2024, the station moved from 107.7 FM to 102.7 FM.
Jim Diamond (1993 album)
Jim Diamond was Jim Diamond's first studio album in five years (not to be confused with its identically-named 1988 predecessor). Featuring nine new songs and three re-recordings "Hi Ho Silver", "I Won't Let You Down" and "I Should Have Known Better", the album charted at Number 16 in the UK Charts.

Jim Diamond (1988 album)
Jim Diamond is singer/songwriter Jim Diamond's self-titled and third studio album. Diamond was assisted by old friends Graham Lyle and Chris Parren, who had worked with him on previous albums.

The album featured tracks like "Broadway" (which was released as a single), "Could Have Fooled Me" and "Second Chance". "The Last Time" was also released as a single ("Miracles" was the B-Side.)

At least two tracks features Diamond's PhD partner Tony Hymas on keyboards, their first together since their split in 1983 and last until 2006.  "With You I Feel Like" and "Drive Time" would be re-recorded for their 2009 comeback Three.

The album is currently out of print.13 February 2026
Charaxes defulvata
Charaxes defulvata is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found on the island of São Tomé. The habitat consists of forests. The species of butterfly was named by James John Joicey and George Talbot in 1926.

George Talbot (entomologist)
George Talbot FES (26 October 1882 – 13 April 1952) was an English entomologist who specialised in butterflies. He wrote about 150 scientific papers, the majority being primarily systematic, consisting of the description of new species or the revision of various genera. He was also responsible for the curation and preservation of the Joicey collection of Lepidoptera prior to its accession by the Natural History Museum.
Roger J. Marzulla
Roger J. Marzulla (born August 12, 1947) is an American attorney who served as the United States Assistant Attorney General for the Environment and Natural Resources in the Ronald Reagan administration from 1988 to 1989.

In 1997, he and his wife Nancie founded Marzulla Law, LLC in Washington, D.C., a law firm with close ties to the conservative legal movement. In 2025, the law firm was notable for representing groups that sought to block offshore wind projects.

He began his legal career as a trial lawyer in San Jose, California, after graduating magna cum laude from the University of Santa Clara School of Law. He worked for the Mountain States Legal Foundation, a conservative public interest law firm, of which he became head in 1981. He and his wife Nancie founded Defenders of Property Rights, which represented groups against environmental regulations. The Defenders of Property Rights is part of the Cooler Heads Coalition.

United States Department of Justice Environment and Natural Resources Division
The United States Department of Justice Environment and Natural Resources Division (ENRD) is one of seven litigating components of the U.S. Department of Justice. ENRD's mandate is to enforce civil and criminal environmental laws and programs protecting the health and environment of the United States, and to defend suits challenging those laws and programs.
Machine learning in bioinformatics
Machine learning in bioinformatics is the application of machine learning algorithms to bioinformatics,including genomics, proteomics, microarrays, systems biology, evolution, and text mining.

Prior to the emergence of machine learning, bioinformatics algorithms had to be programmed by hand; for problems such as protein structure prediction, this proved difficult. Machine learning techniques such as deep learning can learn features of data sets rather than requiring the programmer to define them individually. The algorithm can further learn how to combine low-level features into more abstract features, and so on. This multi-layered approach allows such systems to make sophisticated predictions when appropriately trained. These methods contrast with other computational biology approaches which, while exploiting existing datasets, do not allow the data to be interpreted and analyzed in unanticipated ways.

Feature (machine learning)
In machine learning and pattern recognition, a feature is an individual measurable property or characteristic of a data set. Choosing informative, discriminating, and independent features is crucial to producing effective algorithms for pattern recognition, classification, and regression tasks. Features are usually numeric, but other types such as strings and graphs are used in syntactic pattern recognition, after some pre-processing step such as one-hot encoding. The concept of "features" is related to that of explanatory variables used in statistical techniques such as linear regression.
Tough Sh*t
Tough Sh*t: Life Advice from a Fat, Lazy Slob Who Did Good is a 2012 book of memoirs by the writer and filmmaker Kevin Smith, covering a range of topics such as Smith's childhood, early film career, relationships with actors and celebrities, and his public feud with Southwest Airlines. The book placed on The New York Times Best Seller list for nonfiction for two weeks following its release.

In the Comic Book Men episode "Tough Sh*t", Smith promotes the book by doing a signing at Jay & Silent Bob's Secret Stash.

Comic Book Men
Comic Book Men is an American reality television series which aired on the AMC network from 2012 to 2018. It is set at Kevin Smith's comic book shop, Jay and Silent Bob's Secret Stash, in Red Bank, New Jersey.
Bahrain Cricket Federation
Bahrain Cricket Federation is the official governing body of the sport of cricket in Bahrain. Bahrain Cricket Federation is Bahrain's representative at the International Cricket Council and is an associate member and has been a member of that body since 2001. It is also a member of the Asian Cricket Council.

Asian Cricket Council
The Asian Cricket Council (ACC) is the sport governing body of cricket in most countries and territories in Asia. The ACC was established in 1983, to promote and develop the sport of Cricket in Asia. Subordinate to the International Cricket Council, the council is the continent's regional administrative body, and currently consists of 30 member associations. Mohsin Naqvi is the current president of Asian Cricket Council.
Cristoforo Rosa
Cristoforo Rosa  (?? in Brescia – 1576 in Brescia) was an Italian painter of quadratura (illusionistic ceiling painting) of the Renaissance period.

In 1569, with his brother Stefano, Rosa painted the entry ceilings for the Library of St. Mark's in Venice. He died during the plague in Brescia.

Rosa's son, Pietro, became a pupil of Titian.

Illusionistic ceiling painting
Illusionistic ceiling painting, which includes the techniques of perspective di sotto in sù and quadratura, is the tradition in Renaissance, Baroque and Rococo art in which trompe-l'œil, perspective tools such as foreshortening, and other spatial effects are used to create the illusion of three-dimensional space on an otherwise two-dimensional or mostly flat ceiling surface above the viewer. It is frequently used to create the illusion of an open sky, such as with the oculus in Andrea Mantegna's Camera degli Sposi, or the illusion of an architectural space such as the cupola, one of Andrea Pozzo's frescoes in Sant'Ignazio, Rome. Illusionistic ceiling painting belongs to the general class of illusionism in art, designed to create accurate representations of reality, as well as the general class of painted ceilings.
The HIRS Collective
The HIRS Collective, formerly known as simply +HIRS+ (pronounced "heers"), is an American queer punk musical collective based in Philadelphia. Founded in 2011 by vocalist Jenna Pup and guitarist Esem, they have amassed over 50 releases, including two studio albums for Get Better Records, Friends. Lovers. Favorites. (2018) and We're Still Here (2023). Both albums drew media attention for their extensive high-profile featured artists, including Garbage's Shirley Manson, Screaming Females' Marissa Paternoster, and My Chemical Romance's Frank Iero. The group has also been noted for their fluid lineup, short, abrasive songs, and radical queer/trans-minded politics. They have been branded "Queercore's resident supergroup" by Alternative Press.

Split album
A split album (or split) is a music album that includes tracks by two or more separate artists. Split albums differ from "various artists" compilation albums in that they generally include several tracks of each artist, or few artists with one or two tracks each, instead of multiple artists with only one or two tracks each. There are also singles and EPs of the same variety, which are often called "split singles" and "split EPs" respectively.
Hugo W. Koehler
Hugo William Koehler (July 19, 1886 – June 17, 1941) (pronounced [ˈkøːlɐ]) was a United States Navy commander, secret agent and socialite. Following the First World War, he served as an Office of Naval Intelligence and State Department operative in Russia during its civil war, and later as naval attaché to Poland. He was rumored to be the illegitimate son of the Crown Prince of Austria and to have assisted the Romanovs in fleeing Russia following the revolution of 1917. He was awarded the Navy Cross for his service during World War I and was the step-father of United States Senator Claiborne Pell (1918–2009).

USS Des Moines (CL-17)
USS Des Moines (C-15/PG-29/CL-17) was a protected cruiser of the Denver class in the United States Navy during World War I. She was the first Navy ship named for the city of Des Moines, Iowa.

Des Moines was launched on 20 September 1902 at the Fore River Ship and Engine Company, Quincy, Massachusetts, sponsored by Miss Elsie Macomber; and commissioned on 5 March 1904.

She was designated PG-29 on 7 July 1920, and redesignated CL-17 on 8 August 1921.
Clarence Drive
Clarence Drive is a mountain pass crossed by the R44 road between Gordon's Bay and Rooi-Els. The tourist route is 22 km long and provides a panoramic view of False Bay, the coastline, Table Mountain, and parts of the Cape Peninsula. The nearby coast is popular with anglers and whale watchers, and Kogel Bay Resort is particularly sought after by surfers.

The drive follows the east coast of False Bay in Western Cape, South Africa, and connects Strand with Hangklip to the south, similarly to Chapman's Peak Drive.

Chapman's Peak
Chapman's Peak is a mountain on the western side of the Cape Peninsula, between Hout Bay and Noordhoek in Cape Town, South Africa. The western flank of the mountain falls sharply for hundreds of metres into the Atlantic Ocean, and a road, known as Chapman's Peak Drive, hugs the near-vertical face of the mountain, linking Hout Bay to Noordhoek. Tourists and locals often stop at viewpoints along this road, which offer views of Hout Bay, The Sentinel peak and surrounds, as well as over Noordhoek Beach.

Chapman's Peak Drive is part of the route of two of South Africa's biggest mass-participation races, the Cape Town Cycle Tour and the Two Oceans Marathon.
Gert Hildebrand
Gert Volker Hildebrand (born 22 August 1953 in Lörrach) is a German car designer and 2011 to 2022 was Head of Design at Qoros.

After studying mechanical engineering at TH Karlsruhe, Hildebrand then studied industrial design at the Braunschweig University of Art from 1975 to 1979, he studied transportation design at Royal College of Art in London in 1980.

Mini Clubman (2007)
The Mini Clubman is a subcompact executive estate car engineered and manufactured by German automaker BMW and sold under the Mini marque. The first-generation Clubman was introduced in 2007, as a variant of the Mini Hatch. A panel van version called Clubvan was added to the range in 2012. The current second-generation model has been in production since 2015 and available with front- and all-wheel drive.
Timeline of protests against Rodrigo Duterte
The following is a timeline of protests against Rodrigo Duterte, the 16th President of the Philippines, and his policies. Issues were addressed in the protests including the war on drugs, employment issues, anti-terror law, and the government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Pandi housing project occupation
In early March 2017, thousands of members of the group Kalipunan ng Damayang Mahihirap (Kadamay, 'Federation of Mutual Aid for the Poor') and other informal settlers illegally occupied an idle housing project of the National Housing Authority (Philippines) (NHA), in Pandi, Bulacan, in the Philippines.
Florakören
Florakören vid Åbo Akademi (Finland Swedish pronunciation: [ˈfluːrɑˌkœːren vid ˈoːbu ɑkɑdeˈmiː]), also referred to as simply Florakören or Flora, is a Finland-Swedish academic women's choir in Turku, Finland.

Women's choir
A women's choir or women's chorus is a choir formed exclusively by women. If all singers are young, it is called a girls' choir. The voice types are usually soprano and alto, SSAA. The names are also used for music especially composed for such groups.
Lemang
Lemang is a  Malay and Minangkabau traditional food made from glutinous rice, coconut milk, and salt, cooked in a hollowed bamboo tube coated with banana leaves in order to prevent the rice from sticking to the bamboo. Lemang is believed to have origins linked to the ancient Proto-Malay and Deutero-Malay peoples who settled across Maritime Southeast Asia centuries ago. Similar dishes made from sticky rice in bamboo are common throughout Mainland Southeast Asia.

Lemang is traditionally eaten to mark the end of daily fasting during the annual Muslim holidays of Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Adha (Lebaran).

Banana leaf
The banana leaf is the leaf of the banana plant, which may produce up to 40 leaves in a growing cycle. The leaves have a wide range of applications because they are large, flexible, waterproof and decorative. They are used for cooking, wrapping, and food-serving in a wide range of cuisines in tropical and subtropical areas. They are used for decorative and symbolic purposes in numerous Hindu and Buddhist ceremonies. In traditional home building in tropical areas, roofs and fences are made with dry banana-leaf thatch. Bananas and palm leaves were historically the primary writing surfaces in many nations of South and Southeast Asia.