hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chloroacetic acid
Chloroacetic acid, industrially known as monochloroacetic acid (MCA), is a organochlorine compound and carboxylic acid with the formula ClCH2CO2H; it is the simplest of the chloroacetic acids. This colorless solid is a useful building block in organic synthesis.

Halogenation
In chemistry, halogenation is a chemical reaction which introduces one or more halogens into a chemical compound. Halide-containing compounds are pervasive, making this type of transformation important, e.g. in the production of polymers, drugs. This kind of conversion is in fact so common that a comprehensive overview is challenging. This article mainly deals with halogenation using elemental halogens (F2, Cl2, Br2, I2). Halides are also commonly introduced using halide salts and hydrogen halide acids. Many specialized reagents exist for introducing halogens into diverse substrates, e.g. thionyl chloride.
History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1954–present)
The History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1954–present) encompasses the History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt from its suppression under Nasser to its formation into the largest opposition bloc in the Egyptian parliament. The Brotherhood operates under the slogan "Islam Is the Solution," and aims to establish a democratically introduced civic Islamic state. It has been described as "a deeply entrenched force, with hundreds of thousands of members and affiliates across the Middle East".

Egypt–Israel peace treaty
The Egypt–Israel peace treaty was signed in Washington, D.C., United States, on 26 March 1979, following the 1978 Camp David Accords. The Egypt–Israel treaty was signed by Anwar Sadat, President of Egypt, and Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel, and witnessed by Jimmy Carter, President of the United States.
Ludwig Leichhardt
Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Leichhardt (German pronunciation: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç 'vɪlhɛlm 'lu:tvɪç 'laɪçhaːʁt]; 23 October 1813 – c. 1848), known as Ludwig Leichhardt, was a German explorer and naturalist, most famous for his exploration of northern and central Australia.

Great Sandy Desert
The Great Sandy Desert is an interim Australian bioregion, located in the northeast of Western Australia straddling the Pilbara and southern Kimberley regions and extending east into the Northern Territory. It is the second largest desert in Australia after the Great Victoria Desert and encompasses an area of 284,993 km2 (110,036 sq mi). The Gibson Desert lies to the south and the Tanami Desert lies to the east of the Great Sandy Desert.
Jacob Yale Fortier
Frederic Jacob Yale Fortier  (1888 – 1940) was a prominent lawyer, judge, King's Counsel and businessman from Montreal. He became Recorder of Montreal-East, vice-president of the Law Faculty of Laval University, and a partner of Senator Jacob Nicol. He was the proprietor and board director of dozens of corporations, including companies operating in finance, real estate, manufacturing, alcohol and retail. He also gave public talks on Napoleon, which he admired, and became a Knight of Columbus.

Louis-Alexandre Taschereau
Louis-Alexandre Taschereau (French pronunciation: [taʃʁo]; March 5, 1867 – July 6, 1952) was the 14th premier of Quebec from 1920 to 1936. A member of the Parti libéral du Québec, Taschereau's near 16-year tenure remains the longest uninterrupted term of office among Quebec premiers.
HSwMS Psilander (1899)
HSwMS Psilander was a Örnen-class torpedo cruiser built for the Swedish Navy during the 1890s, named after the 17th-century admiral Gustaf von Psilander. She was commissioned on 20 July 1900. From 1927 until 1937 she was used for cadet training, and was sunk after being used as an artillery target on 3 August 1939.

Örnen-class cruiser
The Örnen class (English: Eagle class) was a class of five torpedo cruisers built for the Swedish Navy between 1896 and 1899. All of the cruisers participated in the Swedish neutrality patrol during the First World War from 1914–1918.
2009 European Under-18 Rugby Union Championship
The 2009 European Under-18 Rugby Union Championship was the sixth annual international rugby union competition for Under 18 national rugby union teams in Europe. The event was organised by rugby's European governing body, the FIRA – Association of European Rugby (FIRA-AER). The competition was contested by 32 men's junior national teams and was held in early April 2009. It was hosted by the French region of Var - Côte d'Azur, with the final held in Toulon.

The tournament was won by France, who won its fourth European championship and its third in a row, with England finishing runners-up. The tournament marked forty years of international age grade rugby on the European continent, 1969 having been the year when the first European Under 19 competition was held.

It was sponsored by French company Justin Bridou and therefore officially called the 2009 Justin Bridou European Under-18 Rugby Union Championship.

Rugby Europe Under-18 Championship
The Rugby Europe Under-18 Championship is an annual rugby union championship for Under-18 national teams, held since 2004. The championship is organised by rugby's European governing body, Rugby Europe.

It has been held alternatingly in France and Italy, except for 2012 when it was held in Spain. The past editions were won by France, who won the championship in 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010, and England, which won it in 2005, 2006 and 2012. Ireland became the third nation to win the tournament when they beat England in the 2011 final.
FCA Poland
FCA Poland Sp. z o.o. ( until April 1, 2015 "Fiat Auto Poland SA") is an automobile factory belonging to Stellantis formed on May 28, 1992, after Fiat acquired Fabryka Samochodów Małolitrażowych (FSM) in Bielsko-Biała and Tychy. At that time, Fiat Auto took over 90% of the company's shares. The takeover of FSM by Fiat has been considered hostile and controversial. The plant has been part of Stellantis since 2021, following the merger of FCA and PSA Group. As of 2020, the facility had 2,500 employees.

Fiat Siena
The Fiat Siena is a subcompact car produced by the Italian manufacturer Fiat from 1996 to 2021. It is the four-door sedan version of the Fiat Palio, a supermini car especially designed for developing countries. It was introduced for the first time in South America, and was produced in various countries worldwide. Later, in 2002, a similar car based on the same platform was developed for the European market, the Fiat Albea. It replaced the Siena in these European markets, such as Poland and Turkey, where the original model was previously sold.

In 2012, Fiat released the second generation of the Siena, called the Fiat Grand Siena.

The Siena was one of the most popular saloons in Brazil, selling in over 800,000 units throughout 14 years of presence. In Italy the car was not marketed, after the flop of the predecessor Fiat Duna.
Headingley Rugby Stadium
Headingley Rugby Stadium (known as AMT Headingley Rugby Stadium due to sponsorship) is a rugby league stadium in Headingley, Leeds and shares the same site as Headingley Cricket Ground. It is the home ground of the Leeds Rhinos, and is the fifth largest rugby league stadium in England.

Emerald Group Publishing
Emerald Publishing Limited is a scholarly publisher of academic journals and books, headquartered in Leeds, England. Originally focused in the areas of social sciences and management, including management, business, education, and library studies, Emerald also publishes in the areas of health, science, engineering, and technology.

Emerald Publishing began as an independent publishing house, formed by Keith Howard (OBE) and a group of management academics from the University of Bradford. Howard stepped down as Chairman of the Emerald Group in 2017.
Vicky Williams became the CEO of Emerald Publishing in 2018, replacing Richard Bevan, who took over Howard's role of Executive Chairman.   Emerald Group Publishing was acquired by US-based Cambridge Information Group on 10 June 2022.
Yevgraf Kruten
Podpolkovnik Yevgraf Nikolaevich Kruten was a World War I flying ace credited with seven aerial victories. He began World War I as an aerial observer with three years experience in military aviation. After a year's seasoning, he was recommended for, and graduated from, pilot's training in September 1914. He rose through the ranks, to be appointed as his unit's commander on 6 June 1916. With his victory tally at three, he was forwarded to service with the French  Aéronautique Militaire. While learning French aerial tactics, Kruten shot down a German aircraft during February 1917. After his return to Russia in March 1917, he shared his new-found knowledge in a flurry of booklets on military aviation. He commanded his battle group of three detachments, and ran his victory total to seven before dying in a landing accident on 19 June 1917.

Order of Saint Vladimir
The Imperial Order of Saint Prince Vladimir (Russian: орден Святого Владимира) was an Imperial Russian order established on 3 October [O.S. 22 September] 1782 by Empress Catherine II in memory of the deeds of Saint Vladimir, the Grand Prince and the Baptizer of the Kievan Rus'.
Oleksandr Motsia
Oleksandr Petrovych Motsia (Ukrainian: Володимир Васильович Моргун; 30 May 1950 – 18 November 2025) was a Ukrainian archaeologist and medievalist. A member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, he was a recipient of the State Prize of Ukraine in Science and Technology (2003).

Motsia died in Kyiv on 18 November 2025, at the age of 75.

State Prize of Ukraine in Science and Technology
The State Prize of Ukraine in Science and Technology is an annual award given by the President of Ukraine for accomplishments in science and technology. It is given for one of four categories: outstanding scientific research in the humanities, social, or natural sciences; development of new equipment, technologies, or methods of disease prevention; the solution of environment problems or invention of new environmental conservation techniques; or textbooks or new vocational techniques. It is the highest award given by The Government of Ukraine for accomplishments in science and technology. Recipients are called Laureates of the State Prize of Ukraine in the field of science and technology.
John of Burgundy (1231–1268)
John of Burgundy (Jean de Bourgogne; 1231 – 29 September 1268) was a Count of Charolais and Lord of Bourbon.  He was a younger son of Duke Hugh IV of Burgundy and his wife, Yolande of Dreux.

John married in February 1248 to Agnes (d. 1288), the heiress of Lord Archambaud IX of Bourbon from the House of Dampierre.  After the death of his father-in law in 1249 John became Lord of Bourbon in right of his wife (jure uxoris).

John and Agnes had a daughter, Beatrice (d. 1310), who inherited possessions from both of her parents.  In 1272, she married the royal Prince Robert, Count of Clermont and thereby founded the Capetian dynasty of the Bourbons.

Robert, Count of Clermont
Robert of Clermont (1256 – 7 February 1317) was a French prince du sang who was created Count of Clermont in 1268. He was the sixth and last son of King Louis IX (Saint Louis) and Margaret of Provence.

Although he played a minor role in his lifetime due to a head injury which left him handicapped at a young age, he had an important dynastic position as the founder of the House of Bourbon, to which he passed the rights to the throne of France from his father when all male-line branches descended from his elder brothers died out in 1589, nine generations after him.
Prairie County, Montana
Prairie County is a county in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,088, making it the fifth-least populous county in Montana. Its county seat is Terry. Prairie County was created by the Montana Legislature in 1915 out of parts of Custer, Dawson, and Fallon Counties. The name was selected in a contest and reflects the predominant landscape of the region.

The county was the site of the 1938 Custer Creek train wreck that killed 47 people and injured 75.

Custer Creek train wreck
The Custer Creek train wreck (sometimes called the Saugus train wreck) is the worst rail disaster in Montana history. It occurred on June 19, 1938 when a bridge, its foundations washed away by a flash flood, collapsed beneath Milwaukee Road's Olympian as it crossed Custer Creek, near Saugus, Montana, south-west of Terry, killing 49 people.
Westhouses
Westhouses is a village within Derbyshire, situated close to the town of Alfreton.  It is in the Bolsover district of the county. It is in the civil parish of Blackwell.  Named after West House Farm, the settlement was founded in the 1870s.

Bolsover District
Bolsover District is a local government district in Derbyshire, England. It is named after the town of Bolsover, which is near the geographic centre of the district, but the council is based in the large village of Clowne to the north. The district also includes the town of Shirebrook and several villages and surrounding rural areas.

The neighbouring districts are Amber Valley, North East Derbyshire, Chesterfield, Rotherham, Bassetlaw, Mansfield, and Ashfield.
Alun Oldfield-Davies
Alun Bennett Oldfield-Davies CBE (18 April 1905 – 1 December 1988) was a Welsh broadcaster and public servant. He joined the BBC in 1937, holding several posts before being appointed director of the Welsh Region for BBC radio. Throughout his long stewardship of the BBC in Wales, he oversaw a golden age in Welsh spoken broadcasting, and always sought to increase the resources for Welsh broadcasting. He oversaw the introduction of television broadcasting in Wales, and although seen as unadventurous by some, his devotion to the Welsh language was absolute.

John Davies (historian)
John Davies FLSW (25 April 1938 – 16 February 2015) was  a Welsh historian, and a television and radio broadcaster. He attended university at Cardiff and Cambridge and taught Welsh at Aberystwyth. He wrote a number of books on Welsh history, including A History of Wales (Hanes Cymru in Welsh).
Scriptorium Fonts
Scriptorium Fonts was a type foundry based in Austin, Texas, founded in 1992 by game designer, editor and historian Dave Nalle. The type foundry had three other type designers, these included: Michael Scarpitti, Peter Nevins and Kevin Andrew Murphy.

In 2005, Scriptorium Fonts supported the fundraising efforts for Hurricane Katrina relief by selling three New Orleans-themed fonts (Guede, Ironworks and Veve) to three different Louisiana charities.  Recently their fonts have been prominently featured in the Spiderwick books and film.

The Windlass font was used on the covers of the Percy Jackson book series by Rick Riordan as well as the Percy Jackson and the Olympians film.

The Folkard font is used for the main heading font in World of Warcraft and also in the Disney Fairies game series.

The Valdemar font is featured on the covers of all of Mark Chadbourn's fantasy novel series including Age of Misrule.

As of 2023, the website is no longer available.

Type foundry
A type foundry is a company that designs or distributes typefaces. Before digital typography, type foundries manufactured and sold metal and wood typefaces for hand typesetting, and matrices for line-casting machines like the Linotype and Monotype, for letterpress printers. Today's digital type foundries accumulate and distribute typefaces (typically as digitized fonts) created by type designers, who may either be freelancers operating their own independent foundry, or employed by a foundry. Type foundries may also provide custom type design services.
2011 Fifth Third Bank Tennis Championships
The 2011 Fifth Third Bank Tennis Championships was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 17th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour and the 12th edition for the 2011 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Lexington, Kentucky, United States between 18 and 24 July 2011.

2011 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The 2011 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 15 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and approximately 150 regular series tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
Langlands program
In mathematics,  the Langlands program is a set of conjectures about connections between number theory, the theory of automorphic forms, and geometry. It was proposed by the Canadian mathematician Robert Langlands (1967, 1970). It seeks to relate the structure of Galois groups in algebraic number theory to automorphic forms and, more generally, the representation theory of algebraic groups over local fields and adeles.

Algebraic number field
In mathematics, an algebraic number field (or simply number field) is an extension field  of the field of rational numbers  such that the field extension  has finite degree (and hence is an algebraic field extension).
Thus  is a field that contains  and has finite dimension when considered as a vector space over .

The study of algebraic number fields, that is, of algebraic extensions of the field of rational numbers, is the central topic of algebraic number theory. This study reveals hidden structures behind the rational numbers, by using algebraic methods.
Wild League (water polo)
Wild League (Croatian: Divlja liga) in Croatia is the most popular amateur water polo competition in the world. Matches are played on the beaches of Dubrovnik including Porporela, Danče, Bellevue, Šulić, and other beaches in the Riviera. The final match, however, happens in Porat (Old Town port) every year. Referees are professional (they have FINA and LEN licences). Better teams usually play people who have been trained in Jug and have been good in younger categories. Mihovil Španja, a Croatian professional swimmer, won the 2010 Wild League. Coaches of Solitudo are players of Croatia men's national water polo team, namely, Nikša Dobud, Pavo Marković, and Tihomil Vranješ. In 2007, the coach of Porporela was a player of the national team Andro Bušlje.

Wild League was not played in 2020 and 2021 due to COVID-19 pandemic.

VK Jug
Vaterpolski klub Jug  (English: Jug Water Polo Club) is a professional water polo club based in Dubrovnik, Croatia. The club was established in 1923 as part of sports society "JUG". As of the 2025–26 season, VK Jug competes in the Croatian League and Euro Cup.
1974 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
The 1974 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the 43rd staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament for boys under the age of 18.

Tyrone entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated in the Ulster Championship.

On 22 September 1974, Cork won the championship following a 1-10 to 1-6 defeat of Mayo in the All-Ireland final. This was their sixth All-Ireland title overall and their first in two championship seasons.

1973 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
The 1973 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the 42nd staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament for boys under the age of 18.

Cork entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated by Tyrone.

On 23 September 1973, Tyrone won the championship following a 2-11 to 1-6 defeat of Kildare in the All-Ireland final. This was their third All-Ireland title overall and their first in 25 championship seasons.
Registered Traveler
A registered traveler is a person qualified through an airline passenger security assessment system in the United States air travel industry. Such programs were initially tested in 2005. Registered traveler programs are currently in operation in various airports around the country and are administered by TTAC, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) office responsible for Secure Flight, the replacement for the Computer Assisted Passenger Prescreening System (CAPPS) and the canceled CAPPS II counter-terrorism system.

Registered Traveler is a public and private partnership between the TSA and the Registered Traveler Interoperability Consortium (RTIC), providing rules and standards for private enrollment providers that sign up participants.  The largest registered traveler program is called Clear and is operated by Clear Secure, Inc. The Clear Access Clearance Service is currently operating at 60 airports, airports, stadiums, and other venues nationwide as of January 2020.

Computer-Assisted Passenger Prescreening System
The Computer-Assisted Passenger Prescreening System (CAPPS) was a counter-terrorism system in place in the United States air travel industry that matches passenger information with other data sources. The United States Transportation Security Administration (TSA) maintains a watchlist, pursuant to 49 USC § 114 (h)(2), of "individuals known to pose, or suspected of posing, a risk of air piracy or terrorism or a threat to airline or passenger safety." The list is used to pre-emptively identify terrorists attempting to buy airline tickets or board aircraft traveling in the United States, and to mitigate perceived threats. These functions are now conducted through the Secure Flight program.
Frieder Bernius
Frieder Bernius (born 22 June 1947) is a German conductor, the founder and director of the chamber choir Kammerchor Stuttgart, founded in 1968. They became leaders for historically informed performances. He founded the Stuttgart festival of Baroque music, Internationale Festtage Alter Musik, in 1987, and is a recipient of the Edison Award (1990), Diapason d'Or (1990) and the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (1993).

Bach Medal
The Bach Medal (German: Bach-Medaille) is awarded by the Lord Mayor of Leipzig during the Bachfest Leipzig in recognition of efforts to promote the work of Johann Sebastian Bach. The Bach Medal of the City of Leipzig is an annual award.
GTD-5 EAX
The GTD-5 EAX (General Telephone Digital Number 5 Electronic Automatic Exchange) is the Class 5 telephone switch developed  by GTE Automatic Electric Laboratories. This digital central office telephone circuit switching system is used in the former GTE service areas and by many smaller telecommunications service providers.

No. 4 Electronic Switching System
The No. 4 Electronic Switching System (4ESS) is a class 4 telephone electronic switching system that was the first digital electronic toll switch introduced by Western Electric for long-distance switching. It was introduced in Chicago in January 1976, to replace the 4A crossbar switch. The last of the 145 systems in the AT&T network was installed in 1999 in Atlanta. Approximately half of the switches were manufactured in Lisle, Illinois, and the other half in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. At the time of the Bell System divestiture, most of the 4ESS switches became assets of AT&T as part of the long-distance network, while others remained in the RBOC networks. By late 2025, only four of the original 4ESS tandems remain in the AT&T long distance network, many of which have been replaced by the Next Generation 4ESS (N4E).