hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1949 Italian Grand Prix
The 1949 Italian Grand Prix was a motor race for Formula One cars held at Monza on 11 September 1949. It was also given the title of European Grand Prix.

The race was won by Alberto Ascari.

This was the final Major Grand Prix (Grandes Épreuves at the time) before the 1950 British Grand Prix, the first race of the Formula 1 World Championship.

European Grand Prix
The European Grand Prix (also known as the Grand Prix of Europe) was a Formula One event that was introduced during the mid-1980s and was held every year from 1993 to 2012, except in 1998. During these years, the European Grand Prix was held in a country that hosted its own national Grand Prix at a different point in the same season, at a different circuit (except in 2007). The race returned as a one-off in 2016, being held on a street circuit in Baku, Azerbaijan.

In earlier years, the European Grand Prix was not a race in its own right, but an honorific title given to one of the national Grands Prix in Europe. The first race to be so named was the 1923 Italian Grand Prix, held at Monza, and the last was the 1977 British Grand Prix at Silverstone.
2021–22 Hull City A.F.C. season
The 2021–22 season is Hull City Association Football Club's 118th year in their history and first season back in the Championship since 2019–20 following promotion last season. Along with the league, the club will also compete in the FA Cup and the EFL Cup. The season covers the period from 1 July 2021 to 30 June 2022.

2020–21 Hull City A.F.C. season
The 2020–21 season is Hull City's first season back in League One, the third tier of English football, and their 117th year in existence. Alongside League One, the club participated in the FA Cup, EFL Cup and EFL Trophy.
Schlewecke (Bad Harzburg)
Schlewecke (German pronunciation: [ˈʃleːˌvɛkə]), in Oker dialect: Sleiwecke (Low German pronunciation: [ˈslɛiˌvɛkə]) is a village that forms a part (Stadtteil) of Bad Harzburg in the district of Goslar in Lower Saxony, Germany. As of 31 December 2020, Schlewecke had a population of 1,667.

Goslar (district)
Goslar (German pronunciation: [ˈɡɔslaʁ]) is a district in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the south and clockwise) the districts of Göttingen, Northeim, Hildesheim and Wolfenbüttel, the city of Salzgitter, and by the states of Saxony-Anhalt (district of Harz) and Thuringia (Nordhausen).
Gus G
Konstantinos Karamitroudis (born 12 September 1980), better known as Gus G, is a Greek heavy metal guitarist. He currently plays with his band Firewind. He has also played in Mystic Prophecy, Nightrage, Arch Enemy, Dream Evil and Ozzy Osbourne's band.

Zakk Wylde
Zachary Phillip Wylde (born Jeffrey Phillip Wielandt; January 14, 1967) is an American musician. He is best known as the lead guitarist for Ozzy Osbourne and as the founder, lead guitarist, lead singer, songwriter and producer of the heavy metal band Black Label Society.

Wylde's signature bulls-eye design appears on many of his guitars. He was also the lead guitarist and vocalist of Pride & Glory, who released one self-titled album in 1994 before disbanding. As a solo artist, he released the albums Book of Shadows and Book of Shadows II. Wylde joined the reunited Pantera in 2022 as a touring guitarist.
Jenderata Estate
3°54′45″N 100°56′42.72″E﻿ / ﻿3.91250°N 100.9452000°E﻿ / 3.91250; 100.9452000

Jenderata Estate (Chinese: 仁拿打园丘) is a large palm oil estate in Bagan Datuk District, Perak, Malaysia. Established in 1906, it is owned by United Plantations. It has been converted partly to cocoa cash crops.

It was the first estate to have a football club enter the professional M-League. Formed as the Jenderata FC in 2004, the team became the UPB-MyTeam FC in 2006.

It has its own small airstrip, known as Jendarata Airport.

Jendarata Airport
Jendarata Airport (ICAO: WMAJ) is a private airport located in the Jendarata town of Bagan Datuk District, Perak, Malaysia and near Hutan Melintang, in Perak. The airport is owned and operated by the plantation company United Plantations, which started their venture into plantations with the opening of the estate in 1906.

There are no scheduled flights into this airport; it is used by private aeroplanes and all operations require prior permission from the company.
Yang Kuei-mei
Yang Kuei-mei (Chinese: 楊貴媚; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Iûⁿ Kùi-bī; born 6 September 1959) is a Taiwanese actress and television host. She has had starring roles in Eat Drink Man Woman, Vive L'Amour, and The Hole.

Yang has received several awards and a lot of nominations for her acting. She was named Best Asian Actress at the 1999 Singapore International Film Festival for The Hole ("For the subtlety and sophistication of her performance in the role of a woman determined to hurdle the stresses of urban life"). She also won the Best Actress award at the 2004 Golden Horse Film Festival for her role in The Moon Also Rises. She won Golden Bell Awards Best Leading Actress in a Television Series for Heaven Loves Good Men in 1999. In 2023, Yang holds the record for the most Best Performance awards winner at the Singapore International Film Festival after winning it four times.

Singapore International Film Festival
The Singapore International Film Festival (SGIFF) (Chinese: 新加坡国际电影节) is the longest-running film festival in Singapore, founded in 1987.

The 36th Singapore International Film Festival took place from 26 November to 7 December 2025.
Moruka River
The Moruka River or Moruca River is a river in the Barima-Waini region of northern Guyana.

The mouth of the river opens to the Atlantic Ocean. Mangrove forests make up the shoreline, turning into swampy savannah wetlands as it moves west. The Moruka River's water level varies dramatically depending on the season.

Barima-Waini
Barima-Waini (Region 1) is a region of Guyana and is located in the northwest of the country. Barima-Waini has three sub-regions: Mabaruma, Matakai, and Moruca.

The region is located in the northwest of the country and has a population of 26,941. It covers an area of 20,339 square kilometres (7,853 sq mi). It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the north, the region of Pomeroon-Supenaam to the east, the region of Cuyuni-Mazaruni to the south and Venezuela to the west.
Fluid limit
In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, a fluid limit, fluid approximation or fluid analysis of a stochastic model is a deterministic real-valued process which approximates the evolution of a given stochastic process, usually subject to some scaling or limiting criteria.

Fluid limits were first introduced by Thomas G. Kurtz publishing a law of large numbers and central limit theorem for Markov chains. It is known that a queueing network can be stable, but have an unstable fluid limit.

Queueing theory
Queueing theory is the mathematical study of waiting lines, or queues. A queueing model is constructed so that queue lengths and waiting time can be predicted. Queueing theory is generally considered a branch of operations research because the results are often used when making business decisions about the resources needed to provide a service.

Queueing theory has its origins in research by Agner Krarup Erlang, who created models to describe the system of incoming calls at the Copenhagen Telephone Exchange Company. These ideas were seminal to the field of teletraffic engineering and have since seen applications in telecommunications, traffic engineering, computing, project management, and particularly industrial engineering, where they are applied in the design of factories, shops, offices, and hospitals.
Jeffrey Lieberman
Jeffrey Alan Lieberman (born 1948) is an American psychiatrist who specializes in schizophrenia and related psychoses and their associated neuroscience (biology) and pharmacological treatment (psychiatric drugs). He was principal investigator for CATIE, the largest and longest independent study ever funded by the United States National Institute of Mental Health to examine existing pharmacotherapies for schizophrenia. He was president of the American Psychiatric Association from May 2013 to May 2014.

Columbia University Irving Medical Center
Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC) is the academic medical center of Columbia University and the largest campus of NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital. The center's academic wing consists of Columbia's colleges and schools of Physicians and Surgeons, Dental Medicine, Nursing, and Public Health.

The center's healthcare wing include Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York State Psychiatric Institute, and the Audubon Biomedical Research Park. The center is located in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Upper Manhattan, New York City.

The campus covers several blocks—primarily between West 165th and 169th Streets from Riverside Drive to Audubon Avenue.
Prague Quartet
The Prague Quartet (Czech: Pražské kvarteto; German: Prager Quartett) was a string quartet based in Prague that existed from 1920 to 1955. Along with the Ševčík Quartet and Bohemian Quartet, it was one of the foremost chamber ensembles of the interwar years.

Ševčík-Lhotský Quartet
The Ševčík-Lhotský String Quartet (Czech: Ševčíkovo–Lhotského kvarteto) was a well-known Czech musical ensemble that was founded as the Ševčík Quartet (Czech: Ševčíkovo kvarteto) at Warsaw in 1903 that continued to the 1930s.
Mount Sir John Thompson
Mount Sir John Thompson is a 3,349 m (10,988 ft) mountain located at co-ordinates  in the Premier Range of the Cariboo Mountains in the east-central interior of British Columbia, Canada.  The mountain is located between the David and North Canoe Glaciers.

The name honours the fourth Prime Minister of Canada, Sir John Thompson, who died in 1894 while in office. It was one of the first mountains in the Premier Range to be named after a Prime Minister, receiving its designation on September 6, 1927. It was originally named Mount David Thompson by the Carpe-Chamberlin climbing party in 1924, as they apparently believed that the nearby pass was the source of the North Thompson River.

Cariboo Mountains
The Cariboo Mountains are the northernmost subrange of the Columbia Mountains, which run down into the Spokane area of the United States and include the Selkirks, Monashees and Purcells.  The Cariboo Mountains are entirely within the province of British Columbia, Canada.  The range is 7,700 square kilometres (3,000 sq mi) in area and about 245 km in length (southeast–northwest) and about 90 km at its widest (southwest–northeast).
Praca, Łódź Voivodeship
Praca [ˈprat͡sa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wola Krzysztoporska, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) north of Wola Krzysztoporska, 9 km (6 mi) west of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 42 km (26 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

The village has an approximate population of 160.

Wola Krzysztoporska
Wola Krzysztoporska [ˈvɔla kʂɨʂtɔˈpɔrska] is a village in Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Wola Krzysztoporska. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) south-west of Piotrków Trybunalski and 50 km (31 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.
Jack Daniel's
Jack Daniel's is a brand of Tennessee whiskey produced at Jack Daniel Distillery in Lynchburg, Tennessee, which has been owned by the Brown–Forman Corporation since 1956.

Packaged in square bottles, Jack Daniel's "Black Label" Tennessee whiskey sold 12.9 million nine-liter cases in 2017. Other brand variations, such as Tennessee Honey, Tennessee Apple, Gentleman Jack, Tennessee Fire, and ready to drink (RTD) products brought the total to more than 16.1 million equivalent adjusted cases for the entire Jack Daniel's family of brands.

Alcohol by volume
Alcohol by volume (abbreviated as alc/vol or ABV) is a common measure of the amount of alcohol contained in a given alcoholic beverage. It is defined as the volume the ethanol in the liquid would take if separated from the rest of the solution, divided by the volume of the solution, both at 20 °C (68 °F). Pure ethanol is lighter than water, with a density of 0.78945 g/mL (0.82353 oz/US fl oz; 0.79122 oz/imp fl oz; 0.45633 oz/cu in). The alc/vol standard is used worldwide. The International Organization of Legal Metrology has tables of density of water–ethanol mixtures at different concentrations and temperatures.

In some countries, e.g. France, alcohol by volume is often referred to as degrees Gay-Lussac (after the French chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac), although there is a slight difference since the Gay-Lussac convention uses the International Standard Atmosphere value for temperature, 15 °C (59 °F).
2015 Malaysia Masters Grand Prix Gold
The 2015 Malaysia Masters Grand Prix Gold was the first grand prix gold and grand prix tournament of the 2015 BWF Grand Prix Gold and Grand Prix. The tournament was held at the Stadium Perpaduan in Kuching, Malaysia from 13–18 January 2015 and had a total purse of $120,000.

Malaysia Masters
The Malaysia Masters (Malay: Masters Malaysia) is an annual badminton tournament held in Malaysia that began in 1985. From 2009 until 2017, the tournament was part of the Grand Prix Gold series. BWF categorised Malaysia Masters as one of the seven BWF World Tour Super 500 events in the BWF events structure since 2018.
Hindsight (Anathema album)
Hindsight is an acoustically oriented studio album by British progressive rock band Anathema consisting of re-recorded versions of some of the band's classic songs with the addition of one new song, "Unchained (Tales of the Unexpected)". The title for the album was originally intended to be Temporary Peace.

This album also features cello playing of Dave Wesling from the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra. A close friend of the band, Dave previously toured with the band in 2004 and is featured on the DVD A Moment in Time. The record was arranged, recorded, performed and produced solely by the band. Kscope label launched a Hindsight mini-site, available in three languages—English, Italian and French—from where the song "Fragile Dreams" can be downloaded for free in MP3 format if subscribing to a mailing list. The mini-site also contains streaming previews of "Inner Silence", "Are You There?" and "Angelica".

A Natural Disaster
A Natural Disaster is the seventh album by the British rock band Anathema. It was released on 3 November 2003 in the United Kingdom and on 24 February 2004 in the United States through Music for Nations.
Cancer dormancy
Dormancy is a stage in cancer progression where the cells cease dividing but survive in a quiescent state while waiting for appropriate environmental conditions to begin proliferation again. Quiescence is the state where cells are not dividing but at arrest in the cell cycle in G0-G1. Dormant cancer cells are thought to be present in early tumor progression, in micrometastases, or left behind in minimal residual disease (MRD) after what was thought to be a successful treatment of the primary tumor.

Micrometastasis
A micrometastasis is a small collection of cancer cells that has been shed from the original tumor and spread to another part of the body through the lymphovascular system. Micrometastases are too few in size and quantity to be picked up in a screening or diagnostic test, and therefore cannot be seen with imaging tests such as a mammogram, MRI, ultrasound, PET, or CT scans. These migrant cancer cells may group together to form a second tumor, which is so small that it can only be seen under a microscope. Approximately 90 per cent of people who die from cancer die from metastatic disease, since these cells are so challenging to detect. It is important for these cancer cells to be treated immediately after discovery, in order to prevent the relapse (regrowth of the cancer) and the likely death of the patient.
Bangalore Warhawks
The Bangalore Warhawks were a professional American football team based in Bangalore, India. The Warhawks were one of the first eight franchises of the Elite Football League of India (EFLI) and compete in its inaugural season in 2012 as a member of the West Division, where they finished as semi-finalists.

The team was originally slated to play in Bhubaneshwar, but officials have since moved the franchise. The team is owned by Buffalo Bills player Mario Williams.

Elite Football League of India
The Elite Football League of India (EFLI) was a professional American football league based in India. It was founded with eight franchises in 2011, and had 23 franchises throughout South Asia, among whom 20 located in India, two in Sri Lanka and one in Pakistan. The league had only two seasons.

The winners of the first championship were Pune Marathas, who claimed the title after defeating Delhi Defenders 6–0 in the Elite Bowl I on 10 November 2012.
Erythrocles
Erythrocles is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Emmelichthyidae, the rovers, bonnetmouths or rubyfishes. The fishes in this genus are found in the western Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans.

David Starr Jordan
David Starr Jordan (January 19, 1851 – September 19, 1931) was the founding president of Stanford University, serving from 1891 to 1913. He was an ichthyologist during his research career. Prior to serving as president of Stanford University, he served as president of Indiana University from 1885 to 1891.

Jordan was also a strong supporter of eugenics, and his published views expressed a fear of "race-degeneration", asserting that cattle and human beings are "governed by the same laws of selection". He was an antimilitarist since he believed that war killed off the best members of the gene pool, and he initially opposed American involvement in World War I.
Hnylyi Tikych
The Hnylyi Tikych (Ukrainian: Гнилий Тікич), also known as Gniloy Tikich River, is a river in Ukraine, 157 km in length, a tributary of the Tikych, in the basin of Southern Bug. The Hnylyi Tikych river finds its source near the village of Snizhky in Bila Tserkva Raion, Kyiv Oblast.

It joins the Hirskyi Tikych river to form the Tikych River, which soon (after just 4 kilometres (2.5 mi)) joins the Velyka Vys river to form the Syniukha river, which flows 110 kilometres (68 mi) to join the Southern Bug.

It was in the middle of the Battle of Korsun–Cherkassy, during World War II in February 1944.

Velyka Vys
The Velyka Vys (Ukrainian: Велика Вись) is a river in Ukraine, a left tributary of the Syniukha, in the basin of the Southern Bug. It is 166 kilometres (103 mi) long and its basin area is 2,860 square kilometres (1,104 sq mi). The Velyka Vys river finds its source near the village of Onykiieve in Novoukrainka Raion, Kirovohrad Oblast. It flows through Novomyrhorod.
Operation Crazy Horse
Operation Crazy Horse (16 May to 5 June 1966), named after Lakota warrior Crazy Horse, was a search and destroy mission during the Vietnam War conducted by military forces of the United States, South Vietnam, and South Korea in two valleys in Bình Định Province of South Vietnam.

The objective of the operation was to destroy the Viet Cong (VC) 2nd Regiment (approximately 2,000 men) believed to be in the area and thereby prevent an attack on the Vinh Thanh Civilian Irregular Defense Group camp.  The U.S. forces had the continuing objective of protecting Highway 19 and the base camp of the 1st Cavalry Division at An Khe from harassment by the VC.

Crazy Horse
Crazy Horse (Lakota: Tȟašúŋke Witkó [tˣaˈʃʊ̃kɛ witˈkɔ], lit. 'His-Horse-Is-Crazy'; c. 1840 – September 5, 1877) was a Lakota war leader of the Oglala band. He took up arms against the United States federal government to fight against encroachment by White American settlers on Native American territory and to preserve the traditional way of life of the Lakota people. His participation in several famous battles of the Black Hills War on the northern Great Plains, among them the Fetterman Fight in 1866, in which he acted as a decoy, and the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876, in which he led a war party to victory, earned him great respect from both his enemies and his own people.

In September 1877, four months after surrendering to U.S. troops under General George Crook, Crazy Horse was fatally wounded by a bayonet-wielding military guard while allegedly resisting imprisonment at Camp Robinson in northwestern Nebraska.
Romeo and Juliet (Hebald)
Romeo and Juliet is an outdoor bronze sculpture depicting Romeo and Juliet by American artist Milton Hebald, located in front of Delacorte Theater in Manhattan's Central Park, in the United States. It is one of two companion works at the theater sculpted by Hebald, the other being The Tempest (1966). Unveiled in 1977 and cast in 1978, Romeo and Juliet was donated by philanthropist George T. Delacorte, Jr. The sculpture is 7 feet (2.1 m) tall; the two figures, shown embracing, are set on a granite pedestal. A cast from the same mold appears in the rose garden at the Hollenbeck Palms retirement community in Boyle Heights, Los Angeles.

Boyle Heights, Los Angeles
Boyle Heights is a neighborhood in Los Angeles, California, located east of the Los Angeles River. It is one of the city's most notable and historic Chicano/Mexican American communities, and is home to cultural landmarks like Mariachi Plaza and events like the annual Día de los Muertos celebrations.
Holt Castle
Holt Castle (Welsh: Castell Holt) was a medieval castle on the Welsh–English border, by the banks of the River Dee, in the village of Holt, Wrexham County Borough, Wales. Work began on the castle in the 13th century during the Welsh Wars.

In the medieval period, the five-towered fortress was actually known as Castrum Leonis or Castle Lyons because it had a lion motif carved into the stonework above its main gate. In the 17th century, almost all the stonework was removed from the site; only the sandstone foundation and a small amount of masonry survives.

Postern
A postern is a secondary door or gate in a fortification such as a city wall or castle curtain wall. Posterns were often placed in concealed locations, allowing inconspicuous entrance and exit. In the event of a siege, a postern could act as a sally port, allowing defenders to make a sortie on the besiegers. Placed in a less exposed, less visible location, they were usually relatively small, and therefore easily defensible.
Minimal recursion semantics
Minimal recursion semantics (MRS) is a framework for computational semantics. It can be implemented in typed feature structure formalisms such as head-driven phrase structure grammar and lexical functional grammar. It is suitable for computational language parsing and natural language generation. MRS enables a simple formulation of the grammatical constraints on lexical and phrasal semantics, including the principles of semantic composition. This technique is used in machine translation.

Early pioneers of MRS include Ann Copestake, Dan Flickinger, Carl Pollard, and Ivan Sag.

Principle of compositionality
In semantics, mathematical logic and related disciplines, the principle of compositionality is the principle that the meaning of a complex expression is determined by the meanings of its constituent expressions and the rules used to combine them. The principle is also called Frege's principle, because Gottlob Frege is widely credited for the first modern formulation of it. However, the principle has never been explicitly stated by Frege, and arguably it was already assumed by George Boole decades before Frege's work.

The principle of compositionality (also known as semantic compositionalism) is highly debated in linguistics. Among its most challenging problems there are the issues of contextuality, the non-compositionality of idiomatic expressions, and the non-compositionality of quotations.