hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hyoid suspension
Hyoid suspension, also known as hyoid myotomy and suspension or hyoid advancement, is a surgical procedure or sleep surgery in which the hyoid bone and its muscle attachments to the tongue and airway are pulled forward with the aim of increasing airway size and improving airway stability in the retrolingual and hypopharyngeal airway (airway behind and below the base of tongue). The horseshoe shaped hyoid bone sits directly below the base of tongue with the arms of the bone flanking the airway. Hyoid suspension is typically performed as a treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This procedure is frequently performed with a uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) which targets sites of obstruction higher in the airway. Typically, a hyoid suspension is considered successful when the patient's apnea-hypopnea index is significantly reduced after surgery.

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (abbreviated as UPPP or UP3) is a type of sleep surgery, which are surgical procedures for sleep-related breathing disorders, especially obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty involves removal and/or remodeling of tissues in the throat in order to prevent obstruction of the airway during sleep. Tissues which may typically be removed include the paryngeal tonsils and the adenoid tonsil. Tissues which may typically be remodeled include the uvula (see uvulotomy), the soft palate, and parts of the pharynx. UPPP is the most common surgical procedure performed for OSA.
Eurycoma longifolia
Eurycoma longifolia (commonly called tongkat ali, Malaysian ginseng or long jack) is a flowering plant in the family Simaroubaceae. It is native to Indochina (Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam) and Indonesia (the islands of Borneo and Sumatra), but has also been found in the Philippines. The plant is a medium-sized slender shrub that can reach 10 m (33 ft) in height, and is often unbranched.

The root has been used in traditional medicine in Southeast Asia over centuries. It is also a widely used dietary supplement by bodybuilders, who believe that it increases testosterone levels and athletic performance, although there is no clinical evidence for its effectiveness on health or any disease. Rare cases of liver injury have occurred from its use, mostly in bodybuilders.

Simaroubaceae
The Simaroubaceae, also known as the quassia family, are a small, mostly tropical, family in the order Sapindales. In recent decades, it has been subject to much taxonomic debate, with several small families being split off. A molecular phylogeny of the family was published in 2007, greatly clarifying relationships within the family. Together with chemical characteristics such as the occurrence of petroselinic acid in Picrasma, in contrast to other members of the family such as Ailanthus, this indicates the existence of a subgroup in the family with Picrasma, Holacantha, and Castela.

The best-known species is the temperate Chinese tree-of-heaven Ailanthus altissima, which has become a cosmopolitan weed tree of urban areas and wildlands.

Well-known genera in the family include the tropical Quassia and Simarouba.

It is known in English by the common names of the quassia family or ailanthus family.
Maurice (horse)
Maurice (Japanese: モーリス, foaled 2 March 2011) is a Japanese Thoroughbred racehorse. After showing promise as a two-year-old he disappointed in 2014, being well-beaten in all four of his races. In 2015 he emerged as one of the best milers in the world with an unbeaten record of six wins from six races. After two minor wins early in the year he recorded his first important success in the Lord Derby Challenge Trophy before taking the Grade I Yasuda Kinen. He returned in autumn to win the Mile Championship and then defeated a strong international field in the Hong Kong Mile. His performances in 2015 saw him named Best Japanese Sprinter or Miler and Japanese Horse of the Year. In the following year he won the Champions Mile before moving up in distance in the autumn to win the Tenno Sho and the Hong Kong Cup.

Queen Elizabeth II Cup (Japan)
The Queen Elizabeth II Cup (Queen Elizabeth II Commemorative Cup until 2012) is an International Grade 1 flat horse race in Japan for three-year-old and above thoroughbred fillies and mares run over a distance of 2,200 metres (approximately 1 mile 3 furlongs) on the turf at Kyoto Racecourse in November.

Originally called the Victoria Cup, it was renamed the Queen Elizabeth II Cup in 1975 to commemorate the visit of Elizabeth II to Japan.
Additive utility
In economics, additive utility is a cardinal utility function with the sigma additivity property.: 287–288

Additivity (also called linearity or modularity) means that "the whole is equal to the sum of its parts." That is, the utility of a set of items is the sum of the utilities of each item separately. Let  be a finite set of items. A cardinal utility function , where  is the power set of , is additive if for any ,

It follows that for any ,

An additive utility function is characteristic of independent goods. For example, an apple and a hat are considered independent: the utility a person receives from having an apple is the same whether or not he has a hat, and vice versa. A typical utility function for this case is given at the right.

Supermodular function
In mathematics, a supermodular function is a function on a lattice that, informally, has the property of being characterized by "increasing differences." Seen from the point of set functions, this can also be viewed as a relationship of "increasing returns", where adding more elements to a subset increases its valuation. In economics, supermodular functions are often used as a formal expression of complementarity in preferences among goods. Supermodular functions are studied and have applications in game theory, economics, lattice theory, combinatorial optimization, and machine learning.
Irene Kowaliska
Irene Kowaliska (11 June 1905 – 13 March 1991) was a painter, ceramics artist and textiles designer, originally from Mazovia (Congress Poland).   In 1931 she accepted a job at a German-owned ceramics manufactory in Campania, and during the 1930s it was in Italy that she built and thereafter sustained her career and professional reputation.

Vietri sul Mare
Vietri sul Mare is a comune (municipality) in the province of Salerno, in the Italian region of Campania. It is situated just west of Salerno, separated from the Port of Salerno by only a harbour wall. The town is known for its polychrome ceramics, a tradition since at least the 15th century, and is considered to be the gateway to the Amalfi Coast.

Its frazione of Albori is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy"). The main landmark of Vietri sul Mare is the Church of St. John the Baptist, a late Neapolitan Renaissance style building with a high bell tower. There are numerous buildings displaying ceramics, including the Museo Provinciale della Ceramica in the nearby village of Raito.
Emil Welti
Friedrich Emil Welti known as Emil Welti (23 April 1825 – 24 February 1899) was a Swiss politician, lawyer and judge. From 1856 to 1866, he was a member of the government of the canton of Aargau and, beginning in 1857, the Council of States. In 1867, Welti was elected to the Bundesrat as a representative of the liberal-radical faction (today's FDP).

Welti was elected Federal President six times, a total exceeded only by Karl Schenk. He is remembered for unifying the army, overhauling the Federal Constitution of 1874, and opening political doors for the Gotthard Railway.

Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications
The Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications (DETEC, German: Eidgenössisches Departement für Umwelt, Verkehr, Energie und Kommunikation, French: Département fédéral de l'environnement, des transports, de l'énergie et des communications, Italian: Dipartimento federale dell'ambiente, dei trasporti, dell'energia e delle comunicazioni, Romansh: Departament federal per ambient, traffic, energia e communicaziunⓘ) is one of the seven departments of the Swiss federal government, headed by a member of the Swiss Federal Council.
2019 Kremlin Cup – Men's doubles
Austin Krajicek and Rajeev Ram were the defending champions, but chose to compete in Stockholm and Antwerp, respectively, instead.

Marcelo Demoliner and Matwé Middelkoop won the title, defeating Simone Bolelli and Andrés Molteni in the final,  6–1, 6–2.

2019 Stockholm Open – Doubles
Luke Bambridge and Jonny O'Mara were the defending champions but chose to defend their title with different partners. Bambridge played alongside Ben McLachlan, but lost in the first round to Wesley Koolhof and Fabrice Martin. O'Mara teamed up with Ken Skupski, but lost in the first round to Mate Pavić and Bruno Soares.

Henri Kontinen and Édouard Roger-Vasselin won the title, defeating Pavić and Soares in the final, 6–4, 6–2.
1998 Cerveza Club Colombia Open
The 1998 Cerveza Club Colombia Open was a men's tennis tournament played on Clay in Bogotá, Colombia that was part of the International Series of the 1998 ATP Tour. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was held from 2 November – 8 November.

1998 ATP Tour
The ATP Tour is the elite tour for professional men's tennis organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The ATP Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the ATP World Tour Finals, the ATP Super 9, the Championship Series and the World Series tournaments.
Gibizinho
Gibizinho (lit. Little Comic Book) was a title of a comic book created by Editora Globo that was published between 1991 and 1998, at first as a weekly magazine that often varied the character in each issue between characters by Mauricio de Sousa and other licensed characters who had comics published by Globo like the Mexican characters El Chavo del Ocho and El Chapulín Colorado or celebrities like Xuxa and Leandro & Leonardo. Starting in 1993, the title of the comic became monthly and started to focus only on Monica and Friends being renamed as Gibizinho da Mônica. The comic books were characterized by their pocket format in a small size of between 13.5 x 9.5 cm and short stories.

The series was discontinued in 1998, but in the same year republications in the form of almanacs (excluding the early comics unrelated to Monica and Friends) were started, lasting until 2006.

Mauricio de Sousa
Mauricio Araújo de Sousa (Brazilian Portuguese: [mawˈɾisju dʒi ˈsowzɐ]; born October 27, 1935), known artistically as Mauricio de Sousa or mononymously just as Mauricio, is a Brazilian cartoonist and businessman who has created over 200 characters for his popular series of children's comic books named Turma da Mônica (Monica and Friends).

At 17 years of age, he worked for a daily newspaper called Folha da Manhã as a crime reporter. In 1959, Mauricio quit that job and began his comic book career, and created Monica and Friends. Mauricio's characters were inspired by children he knew from his childhood and by his own children. His later style is slightly reminiscent of that of Osamu Tezuka, a famous Japanese manga artist and personal friend.
Mauricio's work has garnered recogniation both in his home country and abroad, which includes a number of international awards. In 2011, he was honored in the seventh edition of the Festival Internacional de Quadrinhos, at Belo Horizonte.
A (Indic)
A is a vowel of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, A is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter  after having gone through the Gupta letter . Bare consonants without a modifying vowel sign have the "A" vowel inherently, and thus there is no modifier sign for "A" in Indic scripts.

Thai script
The Thai script (Thai: อักษรไทย, RTGS: akson thai, pronounced [ʔàksɔ̌ːn tʰāj]) is the abugida used to write Thai, Southern Thai and many other languages spoken in Thailand. The Thai script itself (as used to write Thai) has 44 consonant symbols (Thai: พยัญชนะ, phayanchana), 16 vowel symbols (Thai: สระ, sara) that combine into at least 32 vowel forms, four tone diacritics (Thai: วรรณยุกต์ or วรรณยุต, wannayuk or wannayut), and other diacritics.

Although commonly referred to as the Thai alphabet, the script is not a true alphabet but an abugida, a writing system in which the full characters represent consonants with diacritical marks for vowels; the absence of a vowel diacritic gives an implied 'a' or 'o'. Consonants are written horizontally from left to right, and vowels following a consonant in speech are written above, below, to the left or to the right of it, or a combination of those.
Manuchehrabad, Kermanshah
Manuchehrabad (Persian: منوچهراباد, also Romanized as Manūchehrābād) is a village in Dorudfaraman Rural District, in the Central District of Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 618, in 137 families.

Dorudfaraman Rural District
Dorudfaraman Rural District (Persian: دهستان دورودفرامان) is in the Central District of Kermanshah County, Kermanshah province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Rahimabad. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Faraman.
Penhow Castle
Penhow Castle, Penhow, Newport dates from the early 12th century. Extended and reconstructed in almost every century since, it has been claimed to be the oldest continuously-inhabited castle in Wales. The castle is a Grade II* listed building.

John Newman (architectural historian)
John Arthur Newman FSA (14 December 1936 – 19 April 2023) was an English architectural historian. He was the author of several of the Pevsner Architectural Guides and was the advisory editor to the series.
Shukurat Oladipo
Shukurat Damilola Oladipo (Yoruba: [ʃùkúrát dàmílɔ́là óládípò] born 22 September 2004) is a Nigerian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Serie A Femminile club Roma and the Nigeria national team.

2024 Women's Africa Cup of Nations
The 2024 Women's Africa Cup of Nations (Arabic: كأس الأمم الإفريقية للسيدات 2024), officially known as the 2024 TotalEnergies Women's Africa Cup of Nations for sponsorship purposes and as WAFCON 2024 for short, was the 15th edition of the biennial African women's football tournament organised by the Confederation of African Football. This was the second consecutive time for Morocco hosting the tournament, having also hosted the previous edition two years before. The tournament was delayed and took place between 5 and 26 July 2025.

South Africa were the defending champions but were eliminated by record champions Nigeria in the semi-finals. Nigeria went on to beat Morocco 3–2 in the final to win the tournament for the record-extending 12th time.
Algodoneros de San Luis
Algodoneros de San Luis (English: San Luis Cotton Growers) are a Mexican professional baseball team based in San Luis Río Colorado, Sonora. They play as a member of the Liga Norte de México (LNM), a minor league organized farm system in Mexico and play their home games at Estadio Andrés Mena Montijo.

The Algodoneros are one of the most successful teams in the league, having won three LNM titles in 2013, 2014 and 2019.

San Luis Río Colorado
San Luis Río Colorado is a city and also the name of its surrounding municipality in the state of Sonora, Mexico. In the 2020 census, the city had a population of 176,685. The city is the fourth-largest community in the state, and the municipality is also the fourth-largest in terms of population. Lying in the northwestern corner of Sonora, the city marks the state border with Baja California. It also stands on the international border with the United States, adjacent to San Luis, Arizona. It is located about 75 km from Mexicali. The municipality covers an area of 8,412.75 km2 (3,248.2 sq mi) in the Sonoran Desert.
1998 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship
The 1998 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship was the 111th staging of the Dublin Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Dublin County Board in 1887.

O'Tooles entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 24 October 1998 at Parnell Park in Donnycarney, between Craobh Chiaráin and Crumlin, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Craobh Chiaráin won the match by 2–11 to 1–06 to claim their second championship title overall and a first title in 27 years.

1971 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship
The 1971 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship was the 84th staging of the Dublin Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Dublin County Board in 1887.

Faughs entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 12 September 1971 at Parnell Park in Donnycarney, between Craobh Chiaráin and St Vincent's, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Craobh Chiaráin won the match by 3–18 to 3–06 to claim their first ever championship title.
AF Leporis
AF Leporis, also known as HD 35850, is a young variable star located 87.5 light-years (26.8 parsecs) away from the Solar System in the constellation of Lepus. With an apparent magnitude of 6.3, it is near the limit of naked eye visibility under ideal conditions. AF Leporis is a member of the Beta Pictoris moving group, with an astronomically young age of about 24 million years. It hosts a circumstellar disk and one known exoplanet.

Astrometry
Astrometry is a branch of astronomy that involves precise measurements of the positions and movements of stars and other celestial bodies. It provides the kinematics and physical origin of the Solar System and this galaxy, the Milky Way.
Linda L. Booth
Linda L. Booth is a former apostle in the Council of Twelve Apostles of Community of Christ beginning March 31, 1998. Along with Gail E. Mengel, Booth was one of the first two women apostles in the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (RLDS Church). In 2013, Booth became the first woman to be the church's president of the Council of Twelve. The RLDS Church was renamed Community of Christ in 2001.

Council of Twelve Apostles (Community of Christ)
The Council of Twelve Apostles is one of the governing bodies in the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (RLDS) now called the Community of Christ. They are disciples who hold the priesthood office of apostle. It is responsible for the evangelistic witness of the church. Apostles are also high priests in the Melchizedek priesthood of the church.
BSA Ten
The BSA Ten is a small car manufactured for BSA Cars by BSA subsidiary The Daimler Company Limited.
Announced in October 1932 first deliveries were delayed until February 1933.
A cheaper and less well-finished  version of the Lanchester Ten with a smaller side-valve engine of BSA design. An offering to try to meet the market of the Great Depression.

BSA cars
BSA cars were manufactured between 1907 and 1912 in Birmingham then until 1939 in Coventry as well as Birmingham, England. BSA had established a motor-car department in an unsuccessful effort to make use of the Sparkbrook Birmingham factory. An independent part of the same site was occupied by The Lanchester Motor Company Limited. Sales were handled by BSA Cycles Limited. After 1912, manufacture was carried out by group subsidiary Daimler in Coventry or BSA Cycles in Birmingham.
Northeast Maritime Institute
Northeast Maritime Institute (also called NMI) is a private, coeducational, maritime college offering an Associate in Applied Science in Nautical Science degree.  Established in 1981, Northeast Maritime Institute is the only private degree-conferring maritime college in the US.  The college is in the Town of Fairhaven, Massachusetts located in the United States and is within walking distance from the Acushnet River across from New Bedford Harbor.  The college was originally established to provide an alternative to traditional maritime academy regimented-styled training and graduates of the college's Associate program are eligible to receive a United States Coast Guard Masters license upon graduation.  The college operates a training ship, the m/v Navigator, as well as the brigantine tall ship m/s Fritha.

Acushnet River
41°40′51″N 70°55′3″W﻿ / ﻿41.68083°N 70.91750°W﻿ / 41.68083; -70.91750

The Acushnet River is the largest river, 8.6 miles (13.8 km) long, flowing into Buzzards Bay in southeastern Massachusetts, in the United States.  The name "Acushnet" comes from the Wampanoag or Algonquian word, "Cushnea", meaning "as far as the waters", a word that was used by the original owners of the land in describing the extent of the parcel they intended to sell to the English settlers from the nearby Plymouth Colony.  Quite naturally, the English mistook "Cushnea" for a fixed placename or the name of a specific river.
José Osvaldo de Meira Penna
José Osvaldo de Meira Penna (March 14, 1917 – July 29, 2017) was a Brazilian classical liberal writer and diplomat. He was one of the exponents of Brazilian classical liberalism, Austrian School and conservatism, a member of the Mont Pèlerin Society, and one of the greatest proponents of graduation courses and study centers dedicated to the analysis of International Relations in Brazil.

Mont Pelerin Society
The Mont Pelerin Society (MPS), founded in 1947, is an international academic society of economists, political philosophers, and other intellectuals who share a classical liberal outlook. It is headquartered at Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Texas, United States. The society advocates freedom of expression, free market economic policies, and an open society. Further, the society seeks to discover ways in which the private sector can replace many functions currently provided by government entities.
Watts Up With That?
Watts Up With That? (WUWT) is a blog promoting climate change denial that was created by Anthony Watts in 2006.

The blog predominantly discusses climate issues with a focus on anthropogenic climate change, generally accommodating beliefs that are in opposition to the scientific consensus on climate change. Contributors include Christopher Monckton and Fred Singer as guest authors. In November 2009, the blog was one of the first websites to publish emails and documents from the Climatic Research Unit controversy, and a driving force behind its coverage.

In the early months of 2010, it was reported the site might be "the most read climate blog in the world," and in 2013 Michael E. Mann referred to it as the leading climate change denial blog.

Climate Audit
Climate Audit is a blog founded in 2005 by Steve McIntyre.

In November 2009 journalist Andrew Revkin described it in The New York Times as "a popular skeptics’ blog" run by McIntyre, a retired Canadian mining consultant. In 2010, a Nature article described the site as part of the "climate change skeptic community" alongside the Air Vent and the Blackboard.
Prunus × mohacsyana
Prunus × mohacsyana (or Prunus mohacsyana) is a hybrid species of cherry. It is a naturally occurring offspring of dwarf cherry, Prunus fruticosa, and introduced sweet cherry, Prunus avium, found where their ranges overlap in Central Europe. Since the hybrids are triploid, they are probably sterile. It was first formally described in 1944 by Zoltán Kárpáti.

Prunus fruticosa
Prunus fruticosa, the European dwarf cherry, dwarf cherry, Mongolian cherry or steppe cherry is a deciduous, xerophytic, winter-hardy, cherry-bearing shrub. It is also called ground cherry and European ground cherry, but is not to be confused with plants in the distinct "Groundcherry" genus of Physalis.

Prunus fruticosa is native to central and southeastern Europe, Ukraine, European Russia, the northern Caucasus, Kazakhstan, and the Altai.