hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leonard Jan Le Vann
Leonard Jan Le Vann (1 August 1915 – 29 September 1987) was the medical superintendent at the Alberta Provincial Training School for Mental Defectives (also known as the Michener Center) from 1949 to 1974. Although he was born and raised in the United States, Le Vann trained as a physician in Scotland. Throughout his career Le Vann wrote many articles, most of which were published during his 25-year career at the Provincial Training School, covering a broad range of topics including alcoholism, schizophrenia and experimental treatments of antipsychotic drugs. In 1974 Le Vann resigned from the training center after the Government of Alberta repealed the Sexual Sterilization Act.  Concerns over how he ran the school were part of the Leilani Muir trial that took place in 1995. Although Le Vann was already deceased at the time of the trial, his name was brought to the court's attention on many occasions.

Idiot
An idiot, in modern use, is a stupid or foolish person. Idiot was formerly a technical term in legal and psychiatric contexts for some kinds of profound intellectual disability where the mental age is two years or less, and the person cannot guard themself against common physical dangers. The term was gradually replaced by "profound mental retardation", which has since been replaced by other terms. Along with terms like moron, imbecile, retard and cretin, its use to describe people with mental disabilities is considered archaic and offensive. Moral idiocy is the inability to distinguish between right and wrong.
Scouting and Guiding in Kuwait
The Scout and Guide movement in Kuwait is served by two organisations

Kuwait Girl Guides Association, member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts

Kuwait Boy Scouts Association, member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement

Kuwait Girl Guides Association
The Kuwait Girl Guides Association (Arabic: الإتحاد الكويتي للفتيات المرشدات) (KGGA) is the national Guiding organization of Kuwait. The association has 9,715 members (as of 2003). Founded in 1957, the girls-only organization became a full member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS) in 1966.
Teufelsmoor
The Teufelsmoor is a region of bog and moorland north of Bremen, Germany. It forms a large part of the district of Osterholz, and extends into the neighbouring districts of Rotenburg (Gnarrenburg municipality).

Grasberg
Grasberg (German pronunciation: [ˈɡʁaːsbɛʁk]; Low German: Grasbarg) is a municipality in the district of Osterholz, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 13 km southeast of Osterholz-Scharmbeck, and 20 km northeast of Bremen.
City Hall Historic District (Battle Creek, Michigan)
The City Hall Historic District is a commercial and municipal historic district located along East Michigan Avenue from Monroe to Jay Streets in Battle Creek, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

Battle Creek, Michigan
Battle Creek is a city in northwestern Calhoun County, Michigan, United States, at the confluence of the Kalamazoo and Battle Creek rivers. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 52,731. It is the principal city of the Battle Creek metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses all of Calhoun County. Nicknamed "Cereal City", it is best known as the home of WK Kellogg Co and the founding city of Post Consumer Brands. In Battle Creek, the Kellogg brothers invented the first cereal by accident in an attempt to make granola.
Bede people
Bede (feminine: Bedeni) or Bedey, also known as Mon-tong, is an Indo-Aryan nomadic ethnic group of Bangladesh. The Bede are a nomadic people who traditionally live, travel, and earn their living on the river. Bedes are similar to European Roma. They travel in groups and never stay in one place for more than a couple of months. The Bedes are a marginalized group. Historically the Bedes were unable to vote as they did not own land, nor could they apply for bank loans or microcredit for the same reason. This situation persisted until 2008, when they were finally granted the right to vote.

Indo-Aryan peoples
Indo-Aryan peoples (also known as Indic peoples in the context of Indo-European studies) are a diverse collection of peoples predominantly found in South Asia, who (traditionally) speak Indo-Aryan languages. Historically, Aryans were the pastoralists who spoke Indo-Iranian languages, migrated from Central Asia into South Asia, and introduced the Proto-Indo-Aryan language. The early Indo-Aryan peoples were known to be closely related to the Iranian group that have resided west of the Indus River on the Iranian Plateau; an evident connection in cultural, linguistic, and historical ties. Today, the majority of Indo-Aryan speakers are found south of Hindu Kush and east of the Indus, across the modern-day regions of Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives and northern half of India as well as parts of Afghanistan (Kunar).
Hollindale, Virginia
Hollindale is an unincorporated community in  Fort Hunt, Fairfax County, Virginia, United States, close to the George Washington Memorial Parkway in ZIP code 22306.  As of 2013, it had 945 residents. Mount Vernon Presbyterian Church and Hollin Meadows Elementary School are located within the community. Hollindale is set along the hilly woodlands across from the Potomac. It was built around several estates and on what used to be Sherwood Dairy Farm, and is adjacent to the Hollin Hills community. It is dominated by mid-century modern homes, colonials, and Tudors.

West Potomac High School
West Potomac High School, formerly Groveton High School, is a public high school in the Alexandria area of Fairfax County, Virginia. It was founded in 1985 and is part of the Fairfax County Public Schools district.
Sitamarhi Municipal Corporation
Sitamarhi Municipal Corporation is the civic body governing Indian city of Sitamarhi. Municipal Corporation mechanism in India was introduced during British Rule with formation of municipal corporation in Madras (Chennai) in 1688, later followed by municipal corporations in Bombay (Mumbai) and Calcutta (Kolkata) by 1762. Sitamarhi Municipal Corporation is headed by Mayor of city and governed by Commissioner.

Sitamarhi
Sitamarhi is the headquarters of the Sitamarhi district in Tirhut Division, Bihar. The city was named in honour of Sītā, wife of Rāma,  who was born in Sitamarhi according to Hindu legends.

In 1875, a subdivision for Sitamarhi was created within the Muzaffarpur district. Sitamarhi was detached from Muzaffarpur and made a separate district on December 11, 1972. The district headquarters is located in Dumra, five kilometres (3 mi) south of Sitamarhi's main temple.
Parsee Rustomjee
Rustomjee Jivanji Ghorkhodu (1861 – 14 November 1924), commonly known as Parsee Rustomjee, and by various orthographic variations including Parsi Rustomji and affectionately referred to as Kakaji, was an Indian-South African philanthropist and businessman, well known for his close mentorship, guidance and financial sponsorship of Mahatma Gandhi during his time in South Africa from 1893 to 1914.

Rustomjee was the largest South African contributor to the satyagraha (non-violent resistance). His various philanthropic deeds include establishing the Indian hospital in Durban; the M. K. Gandhi Library and Parsee Rustomjee Hall; Parsee Rustomjee Orphanage; M. K. Gandhi Tamil School; an orphanage connected with the mosque at Umgeni; an Indian orphanage of the Roman Catholic Church; and part of the cost of a Methodist day school. He also supported several projects of Gandhi in India. There is a primary school in Merebank, KwaZulu-Natal bearing his name.

Indian South Africans
Indian South Africans are South Africans who descend from indentured labourers and free migrants who arrived from British India during the late 1800s and early 1900s. The majority live in and around the city of Durban, making it one of the largest ethnically Indian-populated cities outside of India.

As a consequence of the policies of apartheid, Indian (synonymous with Asian) is regarded as a race group in South Africa.
Mauque
Mauque is a Chilean town. It is a highland Aymara town, located in the commune of Colchane, province of Tamarugal, in the Tarapacá Region, Chile. It is located within the area of the Volcán Isluga National Park, in the Chiapa river ravine. The term Mauque comes from the Quechua mauca meaning old man or old man's face, as indicated by Francisco Rizo Patrón in his Geographical Dictionary of the Provinces of Tacna and Tarapacá. Mauque may also come from the Aymara kawki which means wild fruit.

Colchane
Colchane is a Chilean village and commune in Tamarugal Province, Tarapacá Region.

The commune is located in the Andean altiplano, bordering Bolivia. It also includes the localities of Isluga, Enquelga, Cariquima and Chijo.
History of Hamarkameratene
Hamarkameratene is a professional association football team from Hamar, Norway. It was established in 1946 as a merger between Briskebyen Fotballag (established in 1918 as Freidig) and Hamar Arbeideridrettslag. In 1970, the team qualified for the First Division, and has since been in the top three flights of Norwegian football. They play their home games at Briskeby Arena, built by the club between 1934 and 1936.

Hamarkameratene
Hamarkameratene (lit. 'the Hamar Comrades'), often abbreviated to HamKam or Ham-Kam, is a Norwegian professional football club based in the town of Hamar. The club was founded in 1918, originally under the name Freidig.

HamKam were most recently promoted to the Eliteserien in 2021. A third-place finish in 1970 is the highest position that the team has held in the top division; the club has never progressed beyond the semifinals of the Norwegian Cup, last reaching the semifinals in 1989.

Briskeby Stadion has been the home ground of Hamarkameratene since 1936. The construction of a completely modernized stadium began in 2007 but has never been completed. Originally scheduled to be completed in 2009, the expanded Briskeby is expected to have a capacity of 10,200 spectators on completion, but currently has a capacity of approximately 8,100.
Gymnastics at the 1976 Summer Olympics
At the 1976 Summer Olympics, fourteen different artistic gymnastics events were contested, eight for men and six for women.  All events were held at the Montreal Forum in Montreal from July 18 through 23.

For the first time in Olympic competition, countries were limited to having three gymnasts in the all-around competition and two gymnasts in each apparatus final.  This was a controversial decision, which prevented many gymnasts of strong teams from competing in the finals.  In addition, for the first time the number of countries allowed to bring full teams of six gymnasts and compete in the team competition was limited to twelve.

1974 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 18th Artistic Gymnastics World Championships were held in Varna, Bulgaria, in 1974. This was the first world championships at which the individual all-around titles were contested in a separate session of competition, rather than being decided after the team competition.
2025 Makarska Open
The 2025 Makarska Open hosted by Valamar was a professional women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 19th edition of the tournament and part of the 2025 WTA 125 tournaments. The event took place from 3 to 8 June 2025 at the Tennis Center in Makarska, Croatia.

Makarska International Championships
The Makarska International Championships is a WTA 125-level women's tennis tournament. It takes place on outdoor clay courts, during the second week of French Open at the Tennis Center in the city of Makarska, Croatia. The tournament was held in 1998 as WTA Tier IV level event. In 2022, the tournament made a comeback as a WTA 125 level event as a replacement for the Bol Open.
2004 Rhône-Alpes regional election
A regional election took place in Rhône-Alpes on 21 March and 28 March 2004, along with all other regions. Jean-Jack Queyranne (PS) was elected president, defeating the incumbent Anne-Marie Comparini (UDF).

2004 French regional elections
Regional elections in were held in France on 21 and 28 March 2004. At stake were the presidencies of each of France's 26 regions which, although they do not have legislative powers, manage sizeable budgets. The results were a triumph for the parties of the left, led by the French Socialist Party (PS) in alliance with minor parties, including the French Communist Party (PCF), the Left Radical Party (PRG) and The Greens (Les Verts). The left has usually fared moderately well in regional elections, but this was their best result since the regional system was introduced.

The left won control of twenty of the twenty-two regions of metropolitan France, defeating the parties of the mainstream right, the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) and the Union for French Democracy (UDF), and the extreme right National Front (FN). The results were seen as a major setback for the then President Jacques Chirac and Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin.
Demographics of Ukraine
According to the United Nations, Ukraine has a population of 37.9 million as of 2024.

In July 2023, Reuters reported that due to refugee outflows, the population of Ukrainian-controlled areas may have decreased to 28 million, a steep decline from Ukraine's 2020 population of almost 42 million.

This drop is in large part due to the ongoing Ukrainian refugee crisis and loss of territory caused by Russia's invasion of Ukraine, which resulted in mass emigration from the Ukrainian people. The demographic decline is also affected by a very low birth rate and a high death rate. The most recent (and only) census of post-Soviet Ukraine occurred in 2001, and much of the information presented is potentially inaccurate or outdated.

Since 2021, the Ukrainian fertility rate has fallen below 1.3, and is now one of the lowest in the world. By 2024, it was one of the ten lowest in the world, falling under 1.00.

Volyn Oblast
Volyn Oblast (Ukrainian: Волинська область, romanized: Volynska oblast) or simply Volyn (Ukrainian: Волинь), is an oblast (province) in northwestern Ukraine. It borders Rivne Oblast to the east, Lviv Oblast to the south, Poland to the west and Belarus to the north. Its administrative centre is Lutsk. Kovel is the westernmost town and the last station in Ukraine on the rail line running from Kyiv to Warsaw. The population is 1,021,356 (2022 estimate).
IAC Mamba
The IAC Mamba is an Australian two-seat light aircraft. It was designed and built by the Melbourne Aircraft Corporation (MAC) and first flew in 1989 as the MAC Mamba. In 1990, MAC changed its name to the International Aircraft Corporation (IAC).

The Mamba was intended for general aviation purposes, including leisure, training, and agricultural use.  Development was supported by the Australian government's Grants for Industrial Research and Development (GIRD) scheme.

Lycoming O-235
The Lycoming O-235 is a family of four-cylinder, air-cooled, horizontally opposed, piston aircraft engines that produce 100 to 135 hp (75 to 101 kW), derived from the earlier O-233 engine.

Well-known designs that use versions of the O-235 included the Cessna 152, Grumman American AA-1 series, Beechcraft Model 77 Skipper, Piper PA-38 Tomahawk, American Champion Citabria, Piper Clipper, and the Piper PA-22-108 Colt.
Zoyama Kōgoishi
Zoyama kōgoshi (女山神籠石, Zoyama-kōgoshi) was an ancient castle (also known as a Korean-style fortress (朝鮮式山城, Chōsen-shiki yamajiro) located in the Ōkusa, Setaka-chō neighborhood of the city of Kōge, Chikujō District, Fukuoka Prefecture Japan. Its ruins have been protected as a National Historic Site since 1953, with the area under protection expanded in 1977.

Miyama, Fukuoka
Miyama (みやま市, Miyama-shi) is a city located in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan.  As of 31 December 2023, the city had an estimated population of 34,907 in 14658 households, and a  population density of 330 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 105.21 km2 (40.62 sq mi).
Escher family
The Escher family is a prominent bourgeois family from Zurich, Switzerland, originally from Kaiserstuhl, where they were first mentioned around 1190 with Jacob Escher, a ministerialis of the Counts of Habsburg. The family established itself as one of the leading patrician families of Zurich, with members holding significant political, economic, and military positions throughout Swiss history.

Burgomaster
Burgomaster (alternatively spelled burgermeister, lit. 'master of the town/borough/fortress/citizens') is the English form of various terms in or derived from Germanic languages for the chief magistrate or executive of a city or town. The name in English was derived from the Dutch burgemeester.

In some cases, burgomaster was the title of the head of state and head of government of a sovereign (or partially or de facto sovereign) city-state, sometimes combined with other titles, such as Hamburg's First Mayor and President of the Senate). Contemporary titles are commonly translated into English as mayor.
Pendant portraits of Maerten Soolmans and Oopjen Coppit
The pendant portraits of Maerten Soolmans and Oopjen Coppit are a pair of full-length wedding portraits by Rembrandt.  They were painted on the occasion of the marriage of Maerten Soolmans and Oopjen Coppit in 1634. Formerly owned by the Rothschild family, they became jointly owned by the Louvre Museum and the Rijksmuseum in 2015 after both museums managed to contribute half of the purchase price of €160 million, a record for works by Rembrandt.

John Smith (art historian)
John Smith (1781–1855) was a 19th-century British art dealer who developed the concept of the catalogue raisonné.

Smith was born in London. He began dealing in art as a framemaker, specializing in wood-carving and gilding. He became an art dealer and art consultant known for his "reasoned catalog" of painters that he wrote in 8 volumes and sold by subscription to his art clients during the years 1829 to 1837, and to which he added a 9th volume as a supplement in 1842.
NGC 4299
NGC 4299 is a  featureless spiral galaxy located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

NGC 4299 forms an interacting pair with NGC 4294.

Virgo (constellation)
Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac. The name means "maiden" in Latin and its traditional astrological symbol is . Between Leo to the west and Libra to the east, lying in the south, it is the second-largest constellation in the sky (after Hydra) and the largest constellation in the zodiac. The ecliptic intersects the celestial equator within this constellation and Pisces. Underlying these technical two definitions, the sun passes directly overhead of the equator, within this constellation, at the September equinox. Virgo can be easily found through its brightest star, Spica, (in Latin "grain headed").
Pusad
Pusad, with ancient name Pushpawanti named after the Pus river, is the second largest city in the Yavatmal district of Vidarbha region in Maharashtra state of India. Over the decades, ruling politicians' failure to address people's demand of district status for Pusad, has hindered development.

Nanded
Nanded is a city in Maharashtra state, India. It is the tenth largest city in the state and the seventy-ninth most populated city in India. It is the second largest city in Marathwada region. It is the district headquarters of Nanded district.

Guru Gobind Singh established camp in Nanded and the Gurgaddi was transferred from him to Guru Granth Sahib. One of the  Panj Takhts of Sikhi, Hazur Sahib is located in the city of Nanded. It was here that Guru Gobind Singh initiated Madho Daas whom became Banda Singh Bahadur one of the famous leaders of the Khalsa Panth whom played a role during the downfall of the Mughal Empire.
Euphaea pseudodispar
Euphaea pseudodispar, the Satara torrent dart, is a species of damselfly in the family Euphaeidae. The species name pseudodispar is coined to remind its close resemblance to Euphaea dispar.

This species is endemic to the Western Ghats, known to occur only in the high-elevation streams and riparian patches of Satara district around Thoseghar in Maharashtra.

Euphaea dispar
Euphaea dispar, Nilgiri torrent dart, is a species of damselfly in the family Euphaeidae.

This species is endemic to the Western Ghats, known to occur only in north of the Palghat Gap; Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Kodagu to the Nilgiris.
Parliamentary committees in the Riksdag
There are fifteen parliamentary committees in the Riksdag, Sweden's parliament. Each committee is made up of seventeen elected MPs, with at least one member from each political party. Additionally, the Committee on European Union Affairs, while not one of the standing committees, has a similar role.

First Law Committee
The First Law Committee (Swedish: Första lagutskottet, 1 LU), was a committee in the Swedish Riksdag during the bicameral period of Sweden. The committee's main areas of responsibility are Dirst Law Committee, legislation was in the field of criminal law and civil law.

The committee was defunct at the abolition of the bicameral Riksdag in 1971 along with the Second Law Committee, and the Third Law Committee.
Differential susceptibility
The differential susceptibility theory proposed by Jay Belsky is another interpretation of psychological findings that are usually discussed according to the diathesis-stress model. Both models suggest that people's development and emotional affect are differentially affected by experiences or qualities of the environment. Where the Diathesis-stress model suggests a group that is sensitive to negative environments only, the differential susceptibility hypothesis suggests a group that is sensitive to both negative and positive environments. A third model, the vantage-sensitivity model, suggests a group that is sensitive to positive environments only. All three models may be considered complementary, and have been combined into a general environmental sensitivity framework.

Temperament
In psychology, temperament broadly refers to consistent individual differences in behavior that are biologically based and are relatively independent of learning, system of values and attitudes.

Some researchers point to association of temperament with formal dynamical features of behavior, such as energetic aspects, plasticity, sensitivity to specific reinforcers and emotionality. Temperament traits (such as neuroticism, sociability, impulsivity, etc.) are distinct patterns in behavior throughout a lifetime, but they are most noticeable and most studied in children. Babies are typically described by temperament, but longitudinal research in the 1920s began to establish temperament as something which is stable across the lifespan.
SC Freiburg
Sport-Club Freiburg e.V., commonly known as SC Freiburg (German pronunciation: [ʔɛs ˈtseː ˈfʁaɪbʊɐ̯k]), is a German professional football club, based in the city of Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Württemberg. It plays in the Bundesliga, having been promoted as champions from the 2. Bundesliga in 2016.

Between 1954 and 2021, Freiburg's stadium was the Dreisamstadion; the club moved to the newly built Europa-Park Stadion in 2021.

Under 19 Bundesliga
The Under 19 Bundesliga (German: A-Junioren Bundesliga) is the highest level in German Under 19 football. It was created in 2003 and is divided in three divisions (Nord/Nordost, West und Süd/Südwest) with 14 teams each. The winner of each divisions and the second-placed team from the Süd/Südwest division join the play-offs for the German U19 champions.

The forerunner of the Under 19 Bundesliga was the A-Jugend-Regionalliga. In the summer of 2003 the divisions North and Northeast as well as South and Southwest were merged, the division West was simply renamed. The intent was to make youth football more competitive.