hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Worthen Arena
John E. Worthen Arena is an arena on the campus of Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana, United States. The arena opened in 1992 and replacing the 6,600-seat Irving Gymnasium as the primary venue for Ball State basketball and volleyball programs. Originally named Ball State Arena or University Arena, it was renamed Worthen Arena in honor of the former university president, John E. Worthen. The arena mainly serves as home to four Ball State Cardinals athletic teams: men's and women's basketball and men's and women's volleyball.  The seating capacity is listed at 11,500 people and cost $7.8 million to build.

Ball State Cardinals men's basketball
The Ball State Cardinals men's basketball team represents Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana. The Cardinals first basketball season was 1920–21. The school's team currently competes in the Mid-American Conference. The team last played in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament in 2000.

The Cardinals have had various levels of success throughout their 94 seasons of competition.  Although there was little success in the program from its start until the 1970s, the next two decades would be the highlight of the program's performance.  Ball State became a sporadic leader in the Mid-American Conference, winning a record seven MAC tournaments between 1981 and 2000.  The Cardinals also accomplished a large feat during the 2001 Maui Invitational Tournament, when they upset #4 Kansas and #3 UCLA on consecutive days. In 2017, the Cardinals beat #8 Notre Dame Fighting Irish at Purcell Pavilion by a score of 80–77, breaking a sixteen-year drought against ranked teams.
Stuart Leslie
H.E., Stuart Leslie (Born September 30, 1964) is a Belizean public servant and ambassador. He served as Belize's Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 2000 to 2005.  He served as Belize's Chief Elections Officer from September 2005 to December 2006.  In January 2006, he took up a new appointment as the Ambassador of Trade in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade. He currently serves as the Cabinet Secretary and Chief of Staff to the Hon. Prime Minister of Belize, John Briceño.

Following the retirement of Sir Colville Young on 30 April 2021, he became acting Governor-General of Belize. Leslie served in that capacity until Froyla Tzalam was sworn in as the new Governor-General.

Froyla Tzalam
Dame Froyla Tzalam GCMG (Born July 27, 1971) is a Belizean Mopan Maya anthropologist and community leader, who has served as the third governor-general of Belize since 27 May 2021.

She is the first indigenous person of Maya descent to serve as governor-general of any country in the history of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Bača (river)
The Bača (pronounced [ˈbaːtʃa]) is a river in northwestern Slovenia with a length of 22 km (14 mi). It runs from Bača pri Podbrdu to Bača pri Modreju, where it joins the Idrijca River as its last right tributary. It has a pluvio-nival regime and belongs to the Adriatic Sea Basin.

The Bača River is the basis of the name of the area it flows through, known as the Bača Gorge (Slovene: Baška grapa) or Bača Valley (Slovene: Baška dolina).

Idrijca
The Idrijca is a river flowing through the Idrija Hills and Cerkno Hills in Slovenia. It is 60 kilometres (37 mi) long. It rises near Vojsko, flows towards northeast and after passing through Idrija turns to the northwest. After passing through Spodnja Idrija and Cerkno it joins the Soča in Most na Soči. It has a pluvio-nival regime and belongs to the Adriatic Sea Basin.
Siege of St Andrews Castle
The siege of St Andrews Castle (1546–1547) followed the killing of Cardinal David Beaton by a group of Protestants at St Andrews Castle. They remained in the castle and were besieged by the Governor of Scotland, Regent Arran. However, over 18 months the Scottish besieging forces made little impact, and the Castle finally surrendered to a French naval force after artillery bombardment. The Protestant garrison, including the preacher John Knox, were taken to France and used as galley slaves.

Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie
Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie (also Lindesay or Lyndsay; c. 1532–1580) was a Scottish chronicler, author of The Historie and Chronicles of Scotland, 1436–1565, the first history of Scotland to be composed in Scots rather than Latin.
Banaru, Sistan and Baluchestan
Banaru (Persian: بنارو, also Romanized as Banārū and Benarow,; also known as Bonāreh) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. According to the 2006 census, its population was 125, in 26 families.

Pir Sohrab Rural District
Pir Sohrab Rural District (Persian: دهستان پيرسهراب) is in Pir Sohrab District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Owraki Bozorg-e Olya. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Pir Sohrab.
Octavio Medellín
Octavio Medellín (1907–1999) was a Mexican-American sculptor and teacher, best known for the Mexican-influenced sculptures that he created in Texas in the first half of his career. In the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, his art became more abstract.

Medellín wrote that “sincere art must be elemental and close to the earth,” and he strove to create art influenced by “the common people and everyday life,” not “politics” or “sophisticated ideas.” In the 1930s and 1940s, Medellín's work consisted primarily of sculptures and some paintings, many of which are owned by Southern Methodist University's Bywaters Special Collections.

Dallas Museum of Art
The Dallas Museum of Art (DMA) is an art museum located in the Arts District of downtown Dallas, Texas, along Woodall Rodgers Freeway between St. Paul and Harwood. In the 1970s, the museum moved from its previous location in Fair Park to the Arts District. The new building was designed by Edward Larrabee Barnes and John MY Lee Associates, the 2007 winner of the American Institute of Architects Gold Medal. The construction of the building spanned in stages over a decade.

The museum collection is made up of more than 24,000 objects, dating from the third millennium BC to the present day. It is known for its dynamic exhibition policy and educational programs. The Mildred R. and Frederick M. Mayer Library (the museum's non-circulating research library) contains over 50,000 volumes available to curators and the general public. With 159,000 square feet (14,800 m2) of exhibition spaces, it is one of the largest art museums in the United States.
XFrames
XFrames was an XML format draft for embedding HTML pages into one page which handles the layout without the problems of HTML frames. The frames technique was especially popular for navigation bars. While HTML frames are still supported for legacy websites, today’s websites assemble pages by other means.

HTML element
An HTML element is a type of HTML (HyperText Markup Language) document component, one of several types of HTML nodes (some common node types include document, document fragment and attribute nodes). The first used version of HTML was written by Tim Berners-Lee in 1993 and there have since been many versions of HTML. The current de facto standard is governed by the industry group WHATWG and is known as the HTML Living Standard.

An HTML document is composed of a tree of simple HTML nodes, such as text nodes, and HTML elements, which add semantics and formatting to parts of a document (e.g., make text bold, organize it into paragraphs, lists and tables, or embed hyperlinks and images). Each element can have HTML attributes specified. Elements can also have content, including other elements and text.
State observer
In control theory, a state observer, state estimator, or Luenberger observer is a system that provides an estimate of the internal state of a given real system, from measurements of the input and output of the real system.  It is typically computer-implemented, and provides the basis of many practical applications.

Knowing the system state is necessary to solve many control theory problems; for example, stabilizing a system using state feedback. In most practical cases, the physical state of the system cannot be determined by direct observation. Instead, indirect effects of the internal state are observed by way of the system outputs.  A simple example is that of vehicles in a tunnel: the rates and velocities at which vehicles enter and leave the tunnel can be observed directly, but the exact state inside the tunnel can only be estimated.  If a system is observable, it is possible to fully reconstruct the system state from its output measurements using the state observer.

Sign function
In mathematics, the sign function or signum function (from signum, Latin for "sign") is a function that has the value −1, +1 or 0 according to whether the sign of a given real number is positive or negative, or the given number is itself zero. In mathematical notation the sign function is often represented as  or .
Giannis Konstantelias
Giannis Konstantelias (Greek: Γιάννης Κωνσταντέλιας; born 5 March 2003) is a Greek professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder or a winger for Super League Greece club PAOK and the Greece national team.

Greek Football Cup
The Greek Football Cup (Greek: Ελληνικό Κύπελλο Ποδοσφαίρου), officially known as Betsson Greek Cup (Greek: Κύπελλο Ελλάδας Betsson) for sponsorship reasons is a Greek association football competition, run by the HFF.

The Greek Cup is the second-most important domestic men's football event in Greece, after the championship of Super League. Since its inception in 1931 it has been held 83 times, with a cup winner being crowned on 82 occasions, the final in 1962 being the only occasion when no champion was crowned.

Olympiacos is the most successful club, having reached the final 43 times and earning 29 trophies.
Ukraine International Airlines
Ukraine International Airlines PJSC, often shortened to UIA, was the flag carrier and the largest airline of Ukraine, with its head office in Kyiv and its main hub at Kyiv's Boryspil International Airport. It operated domestic and international passenger flights and cargo services to Europe, the Middle East, the United States, Canada, and Asia.

The airline was significantly affected by the Russo-Ukrainian war, due to the closure of Ukrainian airspace to civil air traffic. A number of limited flights continued to operate until conflicts arose between stakeholder factions backed by Aron Mayberg and Ihor Kolomoiskyi, resulting in the company suspending operations in late 2022. By this time UIA had amassed significant debts, resulting in the company being placed in bankruptcy administration on 22 November 2023.

Ukrainian hryvnia
The hryvnia (/(hə)ˈrɪvniə/ (hə-)RIV-nee-ə; Ukrainian: гривня [ˈɦrɪu̯nʲɐ] ⓘ, abbr. грн hrn; sign: ₴; code: UAH) has been the national currency of Ukraine since 2 September 1996. The hryvnia is divided into 100 kopiykas (Ukrainian: копійка). It is named after a measure of weight used in Kievan Rus'.
12th Chess Olympiad
The 12th Chess Olympiad (12-я Шахматная олимпиада, 12-ya Shakhmatnaya olimpiada), organized by the FIDE and comprising an open team tournament, as well as several other events designed to promote the game of chess, took place between August 31 and September 25, 1956, in Moscow, Soviet Union.

The host nation were double defending champions and naturally huge favourites, and they lived up to expectations. Although their victory margin wasn't as big as two years before, they still won comfortably, with Yugoslavia and Hungary taking home the silver and bronze medals, respectively.

Chess Olympiad
The Chess Olympiad is a biennial chess tournament in which teams representing nations of the world compete. FIDE organises the tournament and selects the host nation. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, FIDE held an Online Chess Olympiad in 2020 and 2021, with a rapid time control that affected players' online ratings.
NKVD prisoner massacre in Lutsk
The NKVD prisoner massacre in Lutsk was a Soviet war crime conducted by the NKVD and NKGB in the city of Lutsk, situated in occupied Poland (present-day Ukraine). On June 23, 1941, during the second day of the German invasion of the USSR, the Soviets executed a vast majority of the prisoners held in the Lutsk prison, predominantly Ukrainians and Poles. The estimated number of victims is believed to be around 2,000, although there are varying estimates from different sources. This atrocity was one among many prisoner massacres carried out by the Soviet secret police and army during the summer of 1941.

Bogdan Musiał
Bogdan Musiał (born 1960 in Poland) is a Polish-German historian. In 1985 he left Poland and became a political refugee in Germany, where he obtained German citizenship.  In 2010 he returned to Poland and became a professor at the Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw.

Musiał specializes in World War II history.
Idaga Hamus (Saesi Tsaedaemba)
Idaga Hamus (also called Edaga Hamus and Sewha Sa'isi'e) is a town in the Saesi Tsaedaemba woreda of the Misraqawi Zone of the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. It is located 97 kilometers north of Mekelle on "National Road 1" (now Ethiopian Highway 2), between Freweyni and Adigrat.

Adigrat
Adigrat (Tigrinya: ዓዲግራት pronunciationⓘ, ʿaddigrat, also called ʿAddi Grat) is a city and separate woreda in Tigray Region of Ethiopia. It is located in the Misraqawi Zone at longitude and latitude 14°16′N 39°27′E﻿ / ﻿14.267°N 39.450°E﻿ / 14.267; 39.450, with an elevation of 2,457 metres (8,061 ft) above sea level and below a high ridge to the west. Adigrat is a strategically important gateway to Eritrea and the Red Sea. Adigrat was part of Ganta Afeshum woreda before a separate woreda was created for the city. Currently, Adigrat serves as the capital of the Eastern Tigray zone.

Adigrat is one of the most important cities of Tigray, which evolved from earlier political centers and camps of regional governors. Antalo, Aläqot and Adigrat were a few of them. The decline of Antalo was followed by the rise of Adigrat as another prominent, yet short-lived, capital of Tigray. It used to serve as the capital of Agame.
Flory–Huggins solution theory
Flory–Huggins solution theory is a lattice model of the thermodynamics of polymer solutions which takes account of the great dissimilarity in molecular sizes in adapting the usual expression for the entropy of mixing. The result is an equation for the Gibbs free energy change  for mixing a polymer with a solvent. Although it makes simplifying assumptions, it generates useful results for interpreting experiments.

Component (thermodynamics)
In thermodynamics, a component is one of a collection of chemically independent constituents of a system. The number of components represents the minimum number of independent chemical species necessary to define the composition of all phases of the system.

Calculating the number of components in a system is necessary when applying Gibbs' phase rule in determination of the number of degrees of freedom of a system.

The number of components is equal to the number of distinct chemical species (constituents), minus the number of chemical reactions between them, minus the number of any constraints (like charge neutrality or balance of molar quantities).
K. C. Wu
K. C. Wu (Chinese: 吳國楨; Wade–Giles: Wu2 Kuo2-chên1; October 21, 1903 – June 6, 1984) was a Chinese political figure and writer. Among other offices, he served as Mayor of Shanghai and as Chairman of the Taiwan Provincial Government.

Mayor of Shanghai
The mayor of Shanghai, officially the Mayor of the Shanghai Municipal People's Government, is the head of Shanghai Municipality and leader of the Shanghai Municipal People's Government.

The mayor is elected by the Shanghai Municipal People's Congress, and responsible to it and its Standing Committee. The mayor is a provincial level official and is responsible for the overall decision-making of the municipal government. The mayor is assisted by an executive vice mayor as well as several vice mayors. The mayor generally serves as the deputy secretary of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and as a member of the CCP Central Committee. The mayor the second-highest-ranking official in the city after the secretary of the CCP Shanghai Committee. The current mayor is Gong Zheng, who took office on 23 March 2020.
San Rafael, California
San Rafael (/ˌsæn rəˈfɛl/ SAN rə-FEL; Spanish for "St. Raphael", Spanish pronunciation: [san rafaˈel]) is a city in and the county seat of Marin County, California, United States. The city is located in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. As of the 2020 census, San Rafael had a population of 61,271.

San Rafael was founded by the Spanish in 1817, when Vicente Francisco de Sarría established Mission San Rafael Arcángel, initially as an asistencia (sub-mission). San Rafael Arcángel was upgraded to full mission status in 1822, a month before Alta California declared independence from Spain as part of Mexico. Following the American Conquest of California, the community of San Rafael incorporated as a city in 1874.

California Democratic Party
The California Democratic Party, also known as the Democratic Party of California, is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of California. It is headquartered in Sacramento, California.

With 45.27% of the state's registered voters as of February 2025, the Democratic Party has the highest number of registrants of any political party in California. It is currently the dominant party in the state, and is one of the largest affiliates of the national Democratic Party. The party currently controls the majority of California's U.S. House seats, both U.S. Senate seats, the governorship, and has supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature.
Chillwa Quta
Chillwa Quta, also spelled Chillhua Kkota, is a lake in the Kimsa Cruz mountain range in the Andes of Bolivia. It is situated in the La Paz Department, Loayza Province, Cairoma Municipality. Chillwa Quta lies south-west of the mountain Mama Uqllu, south of the lake Warus Quta and south-east of the mountain Taruja Umaña. This is where the river Taruj Umaña originates. It flows to the west and then to the north-west as an affluent of the La Paz River.

The name Chillwa Quta comes from Aymara: ch'illiwa (or chillwa), meaning "a species of grass (Festuca dolichophylla)", and quta "lake".

Mama Uqllu (Bolivia)
Mama Uqllu (Hispanicized spelling Mama Occllo, Mama Ocllo, Mama Okllo), also Puntiagudo (Spanish for sharp pointed), is a mountain in the Bolivian Andes, about 5,281 metres (17,326 ft) high. It lies in the northern part of the Kimsa Cruz mountain range, south of the mountain Kalsunani (Calzonani) and west of Taruja Umaña. It is situated in the La Paz Department, at the border of the Inquisivi Province, Quime Municipality, and the Loayza Province, Cairoma Municipality, north of the village of Viloco.
Onodera Yoshimichi
Onodera Yoshimichi (小野寺義道) (1566–1646) was the son of Onodera Terumichi (minor daimyō of Dewa Province).

Yoshimichi was the lord of Omori Castle, and a longtime rival of the clan Mogami. Yoshimichi himself later became a Daimyō of the Dewa. During the year 1594, Mogami Yoshiaki, an old enemy of Yoshimichi, deceived him into punishing one of his chief retainers. This deception greatly affected the unity among the retainers.

Later on, Ōtani Yoshitsugu was to conduct land surveys in Yoshimichi's domain, but he was ultimately called off.  Yoshimichi's castle of Omori was besieged during the year 1599. Yoshimichi went on to support Uesugi Kagekatsu during the Sekigahara Campaign, but was afterwards deprived of his lands and exiled to the Chūgoku region during the year 1601.

Ōtani Yoshitsugu
Ōtani Yoshitsugu (大谷 吉継; 1558 or 1565 – October 21, 1600) was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku period through the Azuchi-Momoyama Period. He was also known by his court title Junior Assistant Minister of Justice or Gyōbu-shōyū (刑部少輔). He was born in 1558 to a father who was said to be a retainer of either Ōtomo Sōrin or Rokkaku Yoshikata. He became one of Toyotomi Hideyoshi's followers. He participated in the Toyotomi's Odawara campaign and Korean campaign.
Shirur Assembly constituency
Shirur Assembly constituency (formerly Sirur) is one of the Vidhan Sabha (legislative assembly) constituencies of Maharashtra state, western India. This constituency is located in Pune district, and it is a segment of Shirur Lok Sabha constituency.

Shirur Lok Sabha constituency
Shirur is one of the 48 Lok Sabha (lower house of Indian parliament) constituencies of Maharashtra state in western India. This constituency was created on 19 February 2008 as a part of the implementation of the Presidential notification based on the recommendations of the Delimitation Commission of India constituted on 12 July 2002. This constituency is one of the two newly formed Lok Sabha constituencies in Pune district after delimitation. It first held elections in 2009 and its first member of parliament (MP) was Shivajirao Adhalarao Patil of Shiv Sena. As of the 2019 elections, its MP is Dr. Amol Kolhe who is serving in his second term from this constituency.
Daisy Roulland-Dussoix
Daisy Roulland-Dussoix (9 September 1936 – 5 January 2014) was a Swiss molecular microbiologist. She was one of the discoverers of restriction enzymes during her doctoral studies. There is controversy over whether she should have received the 1978 Nobel prize in Physiology and Medicine, which was awarded to Hamilton O. Smith, Daniel Nathans, and Werner Arber.

Grete Kellenberger-Gujer
Grete Kellenberger-Gujer (1919–2011) was a Swiss molecular biologist known for her discoveries on genetic recombination and restriction modification system of DNA. She was a pioneer in the genetic analysis of bacteriophages and contributed to the early development of molecular biology.
2021 Southern Illinois 100
The 2021 Southern Illinois 100 presented by Lucas Oil was the 17th stock car race of the 2021 ARCA Menards Series season, and the 35th iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, September 5, in Du Quoin, Illinois at the DuQuoin State Fairgrounds Racetrack, a 1 mile (1.6 km) permanent clay oval-shaped track at the DuQuoin State Fair. The race took 104 laps to complete due to an overtime finish. At race's end, Landen Lewis of Rette Jones Racing would dominate the race, leading every lap en route to his first career ARCA Menards Series win. To fill out the podium, Ty Gibbs of Joe Gibbs Racing and Ken Schrader of Fast Track Racing would finish second and third respectively.

Southern Illinois 100
The Southern Illinois 100 (formerly the Rust-Oleum Automotive Finishes 100) is an ARCA Menards Series stock car race held annually on the DuQuoin State Fairgrounds Racetrack during the DuQuoin State Fair on Labor Day weekend.

It is one of two dirt races on the ARCA schedule, the other being the Springfield ARCA 100 at the Illinois State Fairgrounds Racetrack, both of which are longtime events on the series schedule. These two races are part of the Performance Seed Dirt Double, which is a $20,000 bonus that is given to a driver who wins both races (the last time it happened was Parker Kligerman in 2009) and if not, bonuses are given to the drivers with the three best average finishes in the two races ($7,500 for first best, $5,000 for second best and $2,500 for third best).
Chianciano Terme
Chianciano Terme is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Siena in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Florence and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southeast of Siena. It is located between the Valdichiana and the Val d'Orcia.

Chianciano Terme borders the following municipalities: Chiusi, Montepulciano, Pienza, Sarteano.

Pienza
Pienza (Italian pronunciation: [piˈɛntsa]) is a town and comune in the province of Siena, Tuscany, in the historical region of Val d'Orcia. Situated between the towns of Montepulciano and Montalcino, it is considered the "touchstone of Renaissance urbanism".

In 1996, UNESCO declared the town a World Heritage Site, and in 2004 the entire valley, the Val d'Orcia, was included on the list of UNESCO's World Cultural Landscapes.