hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mackie Ratwatte
Dr Mackie Ratwatte was a Sri Lankan physician. He was a former Private Secretary to the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka and Director General and Secretary of the Fifty Summit Conference of Non-Aligned Countries.

Ratwatte was born to a prominent Radala family, who were descended from Ratwatte Dissawa, Dissawa of Matale, a signatory on behalf of the Sinhalese to the Kandyan Convention of 1815. Born to Barnes Ratwatte Dissawa and Rosalind Mahawelatenne Kumarihamy of Mahawelatenne Walauwa, Balangoda, his eldest sister was Sirimavo Bandaranaike the first female prime minister in the world. He was educated at Trinity College, Kandy and the Colombo Medical College.

Maha Dissava
The Mahâ Dissâvas was a high-ranking office in the Amātya Mandalaya, or Sinhalese Council of State, in the Sinhalese Kingdoms of monarchical Sri Lanka. Like many of the existing high offices at the time, it had combined legislative and judicial powers and functioned primarily equivalent to that of a Provincial governor. The office of Dissava was retained under the successive European colonial powers, namely the Portuguese Empire, the Dutch East India Company and the British Empire. A Dissava was the governor of a province known as a Disavanies. Within his province, the Dissava held both executive and judicial authority.
Pilot (1924 boat)
The Pilot was a pilot boat built in 1924 and designed by yacht designer William Starling Burgess. She was purchased by the Boston Pilots' Association to take the place of the pilot boat Louise that was withdrawn from service in 1924. The Pilot was in service for over fifty years before she was sold in 1976. She became the longest-serving pilot boat in American history.

Pilot boat
A pilot boat is a type of boat used to transport maritime pilots between land and the inbound or outbound ships that they are piloting. Pilot boats were once sailing boats that had to be fast because the first pilot to reach the incoming ship got the business. Today, pilot boats are scheduled by telephoning the ship agents/representatives prior to arrival.
KingGee
KingGee (formerly known as King Gee) is an Australian work wear brand. The name is said to have originated from the reigning monarch at the time, King George V, and was an expression that meant 'tops' or 'the best'. The company was established in Sydney in 1926 by Robert Adcock, and initially produced overalls, but has since grown its products to supply a large range of work wear (including under the "Workcool" and "Tradies" ranges), footwear and accessories.

Workwear
Workwear is clothing worn for work, especially work that involves manual labour. Often those employed within trade industries elect to be outfitted in workwear because it is built to provide durability and safety.

The workwear clothing industry is growing and consumers have numerous retailers to choose from. Chains that have made a commitment to the $1 billion and rising workwear business report steady 6 percent to 8 percent annual gains in men's workwear.

In the United Kingdom, if workwear is provided to an employee without a logo, it may be subject to income tax being levied on the employee for a "payment in kind." However, if company clothing is provided with logos on then the employee may be entitled to a tax rebate to help pay for the upkeep.
Eva Collins
Eva Elsie Collins Parsons (29 Jul 1887–c. Oct 1972) was an English snooker and billiards player. She was runner-up in the 1930 British Women's Billiards Championship and in its successor tournament, the Women's Professional Billiards Championship in 1931.

Burroughes Hall
Burroughes Hall was an important billiards and snooker venue in Soho Square, London from 1903 until it closed in 1967. The hall was in the premises of Burroughes & Watts Ltd., who had been at 19 Soho Square since 1836. Burroughes & Watts opened a new billiards saloon in 1903, known as the Soho Square Saloon. This was re-opened as the Soho Square Hall in 1904 and was renamed Burroughes Hall in 1913. In 1967, control of Burroughes & Watts Ltd. was taken over by a group of property developers. The assets included 19 Soho Square, which was demolished and replaced by a modern office block.

In 1919 Burroughes & Watts opened a second London match-room in Piccadilly, generally called the New Burroughes Hall. This venture was not a financial success and the new venue closed in 1925. During this period, the hall in Soho Square was sometimes known as the Old Burroughes Hall.
Humaid Saqer Al-Qasimi
Humaid Saqer Al-Qasimi (Arabic: حميد بن صقر القاسمي) was a Member of the Sharjah Ruling Family Al-Qasimi (plural: Al Qawasem القواسم), one of the six ruling families of the United Arab Emirates and who ruled two of the seven emirates: Sharjah and Ras al-Khaimah.

Royal families of the United Arab Emirates
The royal families of the United Arab Emirates consist of the six ruling families of the seven Emirates.

The Nahyan (branch of the House of Al Falahi) are the ruling family of Abu Dhabi.

The Maktoum (branch of the House of Al Falasi) are the ruling family of Dubai.

The Al Qasimi (also spelled Al Qassimi) families rule two of the seven emirates: Sharjah and Ras Al Khaimah.

The Al Nuaimi are the ruling family of Ajman.

The Al Mualla are the ruling family of Umm Al Quwain.

The Al Sharqi are the ruling family of Fujairah.
Lekh Nath Dahal
Lekh Nath Dahal is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) currently serving as a member of the 2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal. In the 2022 Nepalese general election, he was elected from the Sindhuli 2 (constituency).

2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal
The Second Federal Parliament of Nepal, was elected by the 2022 general elections on 20 November 2022. The elections elected 275 Members of Parliament (MPs), 165 for each constituency and 110 through the party list, to the House of Representatives. The parliament convened for the first time on 9 January 2023 and was dissolved on 12 September 2025 following the 2025 Gen Z protests.
2002 Speedway Grand Prix of Australia
The 2002 Speedway Grand Prix of Australia was the tenth and final round of the 2002 Speedway Grand Prix season (the world championship). It took place on 26 October 2002 at the Stadium Australia in Sydney, Australia.

It was the first time that the Speedway Grand Prix of Australia had been held and the Speedway Grand Prix would not return to Australia again until 2015.

The Grand Prix was by the American rider Greg Hancock (his 5th career Grand Prix win).

2015 Speedway Grand Prix of Australia
The 2015 Don Smallgoods Australian FIM Speedway Grand Prix was the twelfth and final round of the 2015 Speedway Grand Prix season. It took place on 24 October at the Etihad Stadium in Melbourne, Australia.
Secessio plebis
Secessio plebis (withdrawal of the commoners, or secession of the plebs) was an informal exercise of power by Rome's plebeian citizens between the 5th century BC and 3rd century BC., similar in concept to the general strike. During the secessio plebis, the plebs would abandon the city en masse in a protest emigration and leave the patrician order to themselves. Therefore, a secessio meant that all shops and workshops would shut down and commercial transactions would largely cease. This was an effective strategy in the Conflict of the Orders due to strength in numbers; plebeian citizens made up the vast majority of Rome's populace and produced most of its food and resources, while a patrician citizen was a member of the minority upper class, the equivalent of the landed gentry of later times. Authors report different numbers for how many secessions there were. M. Cary and H. H. Scullard state there were five between 494 BC and 287 BC.

Roman citizenship
Citizenship in ancient Rome (Latin: civitas) was a privileged political and legal status afforded to free individuals with respect to laws, property, and governance. Citizenship in ancient Rome was complex and based upon many different laws, traditions, and cultural practices. There existed several different types of citizenship, determined by one's gender, class, and political affiliations, and the exact duties or expectations of a citizen varied throughout the history of the Roman Empire.
After 7 (Lay Bankz album)
After 7 is the debut studio album by American singer Lay Bankz, released through Artist Partner Group on May 27, 2024. The second single "Tell Ur Girlfriend" peaked at number 58 on the Billboard Hot 100, aided by a viral dance trend on TikTok. The album also features rappers VaporGod and Beam.

Nova Wav
Nova Wav is a record production and songwriting duo composed of Brittany "Chi" Coney and Denisia "Blu June" Andrews. Over the course of their career, Nova Wav has written and produced on tracks and albums for artists including Beyoncé, Rihanna, DJ Khaled, Ariana Grande, Jay-Z, Saweetie, Nicki Minaj, Teyana Taylor, Kehlani and more. They were signed to Warner Chappell Music by Ryan Press and "Big Jon" Platt. They were named Billboards 2018 R&B/Hip-Hop 100 Power Players  and listed on Revolt's Top 9 producers of 2019 that demanded the sound of Hip Hop and R&B.
2016 Challenger Banque Nationale de Granby
The 2016 Challenger Banque Nationale de Granby was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 23rd edition, for men, and 6th edition, for women, of the tournament and part of the 2016 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2016 ITF Women's Circuit, offering totals of $100,000, for men, and $50,000, for women, in prize money. It took take place in Granby, Quebec, Canada between August 1 and August 7, 2016.

2016 ITF Women's Circuit
The 2016 International Tennis Federation (ITF) Women's Circuit is a second-tier tour for women's professional tennis. It is organized by the International Tennis Federation and is a tier below the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour. The ITF Women's Circuit includes tournaments with prize money ranging from $10,000 to $100,000.
Dharm Yoddha Garud
Dharm Yoddha Garud (transl. The Righteous Warrior: Garud) is an Indian Hindi language mythological television serial. It depicts the story of Garuda. The show stars Faisal Khan, Toral Rasputra and Parul Chauhan. It is produced by Contiloe Entertainment. The show aired from 14 March 2022 to 10 December 2022 on Sony SAB and digitally available on SonyLIV.

Shani
Shani (Sanskrit: शनि, IAST: Śani), or Shanaishchara (Sanskrit: शनैश्चर, IAST: Śanaiścara), is the divine personification of the planet Saturn in Hinduism, and is one of the nine heavenly objects (Navagraha) in Hindu astrology. Shani is also a male Hindu deity in the Puranas, whose iconography consists of a figure with a dark complexion carrying a sword or danda (sceptre) and sitting on a buffalo or some times on a crow. He is the god of karma, justice, time and retribution, and delivers results depending upon one's thoughts, speech, and deeds. Shani is the controller of longevity, misery, sorrow, old age, discipline, restriction, responsibility, delays, ambition, leadership, authority, humility, integrity, progress, success, health and wisdom born of experience. He also signifies spiritual asceticism, penance, discipline, and conscientious work. He is associated with two consorts: Neela, the personification of the gemstone sapphire, and Manda, a gandharva princess.
Task-based language teaching
Task-based language teaching (TBLT), also known as task-based instruction (TBI), focuses on the use of authentic language to complete meaningful tasks in the target language. Such tasks can include visiting a doctor, conducting an interview, or calling customer service for help. Assessment is primarily based on task outcomes (the appropriate completion of real-world tasks) rather than on accuracy of prescribed language forms. This makes TBLT especially popular for developing target language fluency and student confidence. As such, TBLT can be considered a branch of communicative language teaching (CLT).

Content-based instruction
Content-based instruction (CBI) is a significant approach in language education (Brinton, Snow, & Wesche, 1989), designed to provide second-language learners instruction in content and language (hence it is also called content-based language teaching; CBLT). CBI is considered an empowering approach which encourages learners to learn a language by using it as a real means of communication from the first day in class. The idea is to make them become independent learners so they can continue the learning process even outside the class.

Historically, the word content has changed its meaning in second language teaching. Content used to refer to the methods of grammar-translation, audio-lingual methodology, and vocabulary or sound patterns in dialog form.

Recently, content is interpreted as the use of subject matter as a vehicle for second or foreign language teaching/learning (linguistic immersion).
Euthemopsaltria
Euthemopsaltria is a genus of cicadas in the family Cicadidae, subfamily Cicadettinae and tribe Chlorocystini. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2014 by Australian entomologist Maxwell Sydney Moulds.

Chlorocystini
Chlorocystini is a tribe of cicadas in the family Cicadidae. There are at least 20 genera and 170 described species in Chlorocystini.

Members of Chlorocystini are found primarily in southeast Asia, Australasia, and the western Pacific. Isolated genera occur in Africa, South America, the Mascarene Islands, and Mauritius.
Kibondo District
Kibondo District is one of the six districts of Kigoma Region, Tanzania. It is bordered to the north by the Kakonko District, to the east by the Tabora Region, to the south by the Uvinza District, to the west by the Kasulu District and to the northwest by Burundi.

The population of Kibondo District in 2016 was 287,652, from 261,331 in 2012.: 125 : 147

Uvinza
Uvinza is one of the eight administrative districts of Kigoma Region in Tanzania. Uvinza is bordered to the northwest by Kigoma District and Kigoma-Ujiji District. North of the district is bordered by Kasulu District . Lake Tanganyika borders the district on the west. Mpanda District in Katavi Region borders the district to the south and Kaliua District in Tabora Region borders the district to the east. The district is named in honor of the Vinza people whom the western part of district was their historic kingdom. 
Southern Uvinza District is home to the Mahale Mountains National Park. A unique park that is home to both Chimpanzees and lions in the same habitat.
Van Oekel's Discohoek
Van Oekel's Discohoek was a Dutch television show, aired on VPRO in 1974–1975. The show, written by Wim T. Schippers and produced by Ellen Jens, starred Dolf Brouwers as the comedic character Sjef van Oekel, and parodied music television programs of the era. Artists gave obviously lip-synched performances of their songs and were frequently interrupted and insulted by van Oekel. Captain Beefheart's appearance became one of the show's most famous moments. The show also featured one of the first TV appearances of Donna Summer, who later claimed that her breakthrough began with her performance of her song "The Hostage", in which she gracefully went along with the scripted absurdity and chaos. The show inspired a similarly absurd show Plattenküche on the German WDR.

Due to the popularity of Sjef van Oekel a comic strip series was created around his character, written by Wim T. Schippers with art by Theo van den Boogaard.

Theo van den Boogaard
Theo van den Boogaard (born 25 March 1948, Castricum, Netherlands) – also known as Theo Bogart – is a Dutch cartoonist. He first came to attention as an underground cartoonist in the early 1970s for the sexually explicit comics series Ans en Hans krijgen de kans (Ans and Hans Get the Chance). He is best known for co-creating Sjef van Oekel, a long-running comic strip based on the TV character, written by Wim T. Schippers. He received the 1989 Stripschapprijs for his body of work.
Naked Possum
Naked Possum is a 1956 Australian play by Barbara Vernon. It was her first play performed in Sydney and is one of the few Australian plays to examine the Malayan Emergency. (There was also Strangers in the Land by Mona Brand.)

Strangers in the Land (play)
Strangers in the Land (1952) was a  theatrical play written by Australian playwright Mona Brand, and first performed in Britain for the Unity Theatre. The play was a form of protest against the British occupation of during the Malayan Emergency, and heavily influenced by the Daily Worker's sympathetic coverage of the Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA).

The play was first performed for two months at the Unity Theatre, beginning in November 1952.
Rhododendron laetum
Rhododendron laetum is a rhododendron species native to the Anggi Lakes area of the Arfak Mountains in Indonesia and western New Guinea, where it grows at forest edges, in open marsh, and in swamps at the edge of lakes. This evergreen shrub grows to 3 m (9.8 ft) in height, with leaves that are broadly elliptic or sub-ovate-elliptic, 40–95 × 25–53 mm in size. The flowers are deep yellow, flushing with red or orange as they age.

Rhododendron
Rhododendron (/ˌroʊdəˈdɛndrən/; pl.: rhododendra), from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon), meaning "rose", and δένδρον (déndron), meaning "tree", is a very large genus of about 1,024 species of woody plants in the heath family (Ericaceae). They can be either evergreen or deciduous. Most species are native to eastern Asia and the Himalayan region, but smaller numbers occur elsewhere in Asia, and in North America, Europe and Australia.

It is the national flower of Nepal, the state flower of Washington and West Virginia in the United States, the state flower of Nagaland and Himachal Pradesh in India, the provincial flower of Jeju Province in South Korea, the provincial flower of Jiangxi in China and the state tree of Sikkim and Uttarakhand in India. Most species have brightly coloured flowers which bloom from late winter through to early summer.

Azaleas make up two subgenera of Rhododendron. They are distinguished from "true" rhododendrons by having only five anthers per flower.
El Mela
Cerro El Mela  is the highest peak of the Sierra de Velasco in the Sierras Pampeanas range. It is located in the La Rioja Province of Argentina, about 70 km north-west of the provincial capital, La Rioja.

El Mela has an elevation of 4,160 metres (13,648 ft) above sea level. Despite its relatively low altitude, with 2,917 metres (9,570 ft) it is one of Argentina's most prominent peaks.

A short distance to the south, there is a subsidiary peak named El Melao, which was at times thought to be higher than El Mela.  Some sources mention an altitude of 4,189 metres (13,743 ft) for this peak, but it was measured in November 2024 and its height was found to be 4152 metres.

Sierras Pampeanas
The Sierras Pampeanas (also called Central Sierras or Pampas Sierras) (English: Pampas Mountains) is a geographical region of Argentina.

The Sierras Pampeanas are a chain of mountains that rise sharply from the surrounding pampa region of Northwest Argentina.  They run parallel to the Andes Mountains and their crest line is some 540 km (340 mi) east of the Andes crest line (running from 29° to 35° S latitude at about 65° W longitude).  They cross into seven Argentina provinces: San Luis, San Juan, Córdoba, La Rioja, Catamarca, Santiago del Estero and Tucumán.
AR Lacertae
AR Lacertae is a frequently-studied triple star system in the northern constellation of Lacerta, abbreviated AR Lac. This variable star system is the prototype for "detached systems of the AR Lacertae type". It is dimly visible to the naked eye with a combined peak apparent visual magnitude of 6.08. Based on parallax measurements, AR Lac is located at a distance of 138.6 light years from the Sun. It is drifting closer with a heliocentric radial velocity of −34 km/s.

Lacerta
Lacerta is one of the 88 modern constellations defined by the International Astronomical Union. Its name is Latin for lizard. A small, faint constellation, it was defined in 1687 by the astronomer Johannes Hevelius. Its brightest stars form a "W" shape similar to that of Cassiopeia, and it is thus sometimes referred to as 'Little Cassiopeia'. It is located between Cygnus, Cassiopeia and Andromeda on the northern celestial sphere. The northern part lies on the Milky Way.
Oval Road
Oval Road is a street in the Camden Town area of London. It runs northwards from Gloucester Avenue near Parkway to the Regent's Canal, a little to the west of the centre of Camden Town. Close to its southern end is the junction with Delancey Street. It then heads northwards as Gloucester Crescent curves away and then rejoins the street while Regent's Park Terrace follows more closely beside Oval Road.

Further on is a junction with Jamestown Road which runs eastwards to Camden High Street. Oval Road continues northwards crossing the Regent's Canal at a bridge near Camden Lock. It terminates at a junction with Gilbeys Yard by a supermarket built on the site of the old Camden Goods Yards.

Camden Lock
Camden Lock is a small part of Camden Town, London Borough of Camden, England, which was formerly a wharf with stables on the Regent's Canal. It is immediately to the north of Hampstead Road Locks, a twin manually operated lock. The twin locks together are "Hampstead Road Lock 1"; each bears a sign so marked. Hawley Lock and Kentish Town Lock are a short distance away to the east; to the west is a long level pound (also known as tract or reach) — it is 27 miles (43 km) to the next lock.
Saint-Hilaire-sur-Puiseaux
Saint-Hilaire-sur-Puiseaux (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃.t‿ilɛʁ syʁ pɥizo], literally Saint-Hilaire on Puiseaux) is a commune in the Loiret department in north-central France.

It is located about 60 km east of Orléans, on the Puiseaux river. Its neighbouring communes include Ouzouer-des-Champs, Solterre, Oussoy-en-Gâtinais, Varennes-Changy and Montcresson.

The village has a small chateau, on a square plan with corner turrets.

Varennes-Changy
Varennes-Changy (French pronunciation: [vaʁɛn ʃɑ̃ʒi]) is a commune in the eastern part of the Loiret department in north-central France. Varennes-Changy was formed from the merger on 1 January 1971 between the former communes of Varennes-en-Gâtinais and Changy.
Amarna letter EA 287
Amarna letter EA 287, titled: "A Very Serious Crime," is a tall, finely-inscribed clay tablet letter, approximately 8 in tall, from Abdi-Heba the mayor/ruler of Jerusalem, of the mid 14th century BC Amarna letters. The scribe of his six letters to Egypt were penned by the "Jerusalem scribe"; EA 287 is a moderately long, and involved letter.

The Amarna letters, about 300, numbered up to EA 382, are a mid 14th century BC, about 1350 BC and 20–25 years later, correspondence. The initial corpus of letters were found at Akhenaten's city Akhetaten, in the floor of the Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh; others were later found, adding to the body of letters.

Letter EA 287 (see here-(Reverse): ), is numbered VAT 1644, from the Vorderasiatisches Museum Berlin.

Ma (cuneiform)
The cuneiform ma sign, is found in both the 14th century BC Amarna letters and the Epic of Gilgamesh. In the Epic it is also used as the Sumerogram MA, (for Akkadian language "mina", manû, a weight measure, as MA.NA, or MA.NA.ÀM).
 The ma sign is often used at the end of words, besides its alphabetic usage inside words as syllabic ma, elsewhere for m, or a.

The usage of cuneiform ma in the Epic of Gilgamesh, is only exceeded by the usage of a (cuneiform) (1369 times, and 58, A (Sumerogram), versus 1047 times for ma, 6 for MA (Sumerogram)). The high usage for a is partially a result of the prepositional use for a-na-(Akkadian "ana", to, for, etc.); "i", also has an increased prepositional use of i (cuneiform), for Akkadian ina, (i-na), for in, into, etc.