hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Improperia
The Improperia are a series of antiphons and responses, expressing the remonstrance of Jesus Christ with his people. Also known as the Reproaches or the Solemn Reproaches, they are sung In the Catholic liturgy as part of the observance of the Passion, usually on the afternoon of Good Friday. In the Byzantine Rite, they are found in various hymns of Good Friday and Holy Saturday. The Improperia appear in the Pontificale of Prudentius (846–61) and gradually came into use throughout Europe in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, finally being incorporated into the Roman Ordo in the fourteenth century.

Pange lingua gloriosi proelium certaminis
"Pange lingua gloriosi proelium certaminis" (Latin for 'Sing, tongue, the battle of glorious combat') is a 6th-century AD  Latin hymn generally credited to the Christian poet Venantius Fortunatus, Bishop of Poitiers, celebrating the Passion of Christ. In the Catholic Church, the first five stanzas are used at Matins during Passiontide in the Divine Office, with the remaining stanzas (beginning with Lustra sex) sung at Lauds. Both parts are chanted during the Adoration of the Cross on Good Friday.

This hymn later inspired Thomas Aquinas to write the hymn "Pange lingua gloriosi corporis mysterium" for the Feast of Corpus Christi. The hymn is later incorporated into Gustav Holst's The Hymn of Jesus.
FnrS RNA
FnrS RNA is a family of Hfq-binding small RNA whose expression is upregulated in response to anaerobic conditions. It is named FnrS because its expression is strongly dependent on fumarate and nitrate reductase regulator (FNR), a direct oxygen availability sensor.

A conserved intergenic region between genes ydaN and dbpA was predicted to encode an sRNA, adjacent to where another non-coding RNA (C0343) has been identified. However, northern blot analysis of this 477bp sequence yielded no results. A subsequent tiling array analysis sequencing Hfq-binding sRNA found that the Watson strand did indeed encode an sRNA.

Non-coding RNA
A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. The DNA sequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an RNA gene. Abundant and functionally important types of non-coding RNAs include transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), as well as small RNAs such as microRNAs, siRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNAs, snRNAs, exRNAs, scaRNAs and the long ncRNAs such as Xist and HOTAIR.

The number of non-coding RNAs within the human genome is unknown; however, recent transcriptomic and bioinformatic studies suggest that there are thousands of non-coding transcripts. 
Many of the newly identified ncRNAs have unknown functions, if any. 
There is no consensus on how much of non-coding transcription is functional: some believe most ncRNAs to be non-functional "junk RNA", spurious transcriptions, while others expect that many non-coding transcripts have functions to be discovered.
Aesculus (Carnea Group) 'Pendula'
Aesculus (Carnea Group) 'Pendula', or Weeping Red Horse Chestnut, is a weeping tree and a cultivar of the Aesculus Carnea Group, the Red Horse Chestnut Group, which is a cultivar group of artificial hybrids between Aesculus pavia and A. hippocastanum. The name first appeared in the 1902 edition of the Hand-list of Trees and Shrubs of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew without description. A few specimens of this cultivar are now known to survive.

Aesculus pavia
Aesculus pavia, known as red buckeye or firecracker plant (formerly Pavia rubra), is a species of deciduous flowering plant. The small tree or shrub is native to the southern and eastern parts of the United States, found from Illinois to Virginia in the north and from Texas to Florida in the south. It is hardy far to the north of its native range, with successful cultivation poleward to Arboretum Mustila in Finland.

It has a number of local names, such as scarlet buckeye, woolly buckeye and firecracker plant.
Kirkenes IF
Kirkenes Idrettsforening is a Norwegian sports club from Kirkenes. It has sections for association football, team handball and orienteering.

It was founded on 8 February 1908. Kirkenes stadion is their home field. Their team colors are blue and white. The men's football team currently plays in the Third Division, the fourth tier of Norwegian football. The target of the team this year is the promotion to Norwegian Second Division. It last played in the Second Division in 1999. After the 2007, 2009 and 2010 season it contested a playoff to win re-promotion, but failed all three times.

Kirkenes
Kirkenes (Norwegian: [ˈçɪ̂rkəneːs] ⓘ), known as Girkonjárga in Northern Sami (pronounced [ˈkir̥ː.ko.ˌɲaːrːka]) and Kirkkoniemi in Kven, is a town in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Finnmark county, in the far northeastern part of Norway. The town lies on a peninsula along the Bøkfjorden, an arm of the large Varangerfjorden, and is located just a few kilometres from the Norway–Russia border.

The 2.29-square-kilometre (570-acre) town has a population (2023) of 3,404 and a population density of 1,486 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,850/sq mi). When the neighbouring suburban villages of Hesseng, Skytterhusfjellet, Sandnes and Bjørnevatn are all included with Kirkenes, the urban area reaches a population of almost 8,000.

Although Kirkenes is the Norwegian town closest to the Russian border, the town of Vardø to its north is located further east in Norway.
Blue School District
Blue School District 22  is a school district in the community of Blue, in Greenlee County, Arizona. The school covers grades K-12. The school, Blue School, is nicknamed "the Blue". The school facility is at the mouth of the Johnson Canyon, in the Apache National Forest.

The Arizona Republic
The Arizona Republic is an American daily newspaper published in Phoenix. Circulated throughout Arizona, it is the state's largest newspaper. Since 2000, it has been owned by the USA Today Co. newspaper chain.
Rebel (novel)
Rebel is a 1969 novel by Ghanaian writer Bediako Asare about the conflict between tradition and modernity in Africa. The novel was published as part of the influential Heinemann African Writers Series.

Heinemann African Writers Series
The African Writers Series (AWS) is a collection of books written by African novelists, poets and politicians. Published by Heinemann, 359 books appeared in the series between 1962 and 2003.

The series has provided an international audience for many African writers, including Chinua Achebe, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, Steve Biko, Ama Ata Aidoo, Nadine Gordimer, Buchi Emecheta, and Okot p'Bitek.
Polycarpon polycarpoides
Polycarpon polycarpoides is a species of flowering plant in the manyseed genus Polycarpon, family Caryophyllaceae, native to the western Mediterranean; Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Spain, the Balearic Islands, France, Italy, and Sicily. It is a member of the Polycarpon tetraphyllum species aggregate.

Polycarpon tetraphyllum
Polycarpon tetraphyllum, commonly known as four-leaved allseed (also fourleaf allseed or fourleaf manyseed), is a plant of the family Caryophyllaceae. An annual herb growing to 15 cm in height, it is found on sandy soils, in coastal areas and on wasteland. Native to Europe, it is also naturalised in parts of North America, Australia and elsewhere. It is rare in Britain, except in the Scilly Isles.
Adnyamathanha language
The Adnyamathanha language (pronounced /ˈɑːdnjəmʌdənə/), also known as yura ngarwala natively and Kuyani, also known as Guyani and other variants, are two closely related Australian Aboriginal languages. They are traditional languages of the Adnyamathanha of and the Kuyani peoples, of the Flinders Ranges and to the west of the Flinders respectively, in South Australia.

As of the 2016 Australian census, there were around 140 speakers of Adnyamathanha, making it an endangered language; there have been no speakers of Kuyani recorded since 1975. The first bilingual dictionary of the language was published in November 2020.

The name of the witchetty grub comes from Adnyamathanha.

Robert M. W. Dixon
Robert Malcolm Ward Dixon (born 25 January 1939, in Gloucester, England) is a British linguist and the Professor of Linguistics in the College of Arts, Society, and Education and The Cairns Institute, James Cook University, Queensland. He is also Deputy Director of The Language and Culture Research Centre at JCU. Doctor of Letters (DLitt, ANU, 1991), he was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Letters Honoris Causa by JCU in 2018. Fellow of British Academy; Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities, and Honorary member of the Linguistic Society of America, he is one of three living linguists to be specifically mentioned in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics by Peter Matthews (2014).
Congressional Antitrust Caucus
The Congressional Antitrust Caucus is a bipartisan congressional caucus in the United States House of Representatives formed in 2023. Co-founded by representatives David Cicilline (D-RI) and Ken Buck (R-CO), the caucus is composed of individuals supportive of reinvigorating antitrust enforcement. A caucus with the same name was established during the 115th United States Congress in October 2017.

Congressional caucus
A congressional caucus is a group of members of the United States Congress that meet to pursue common legislative objectives. Formally, caucuses are formed as congressional member organizations (CMOs) through the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate and governed under the rules of these chambers. In addition to the term "caucus", they are sometimes called conferences (especially Republican ones), coalitions, study groups, task forces, or working groups. Many other countries use the term parliamentary group; the Parliament of the United Kingdom has many all-party parliamentary groups.
Parcel stamp
In philately a parcel stamp is a stamp specifically issued to pay the fee for the transport of a parcel through the postal system and usually marked as such. It is to be distinguished from a postage stamp used to pay the cost of posting a parcel, although there may no practical distinction as far as the sender is concerned. Parcel stamps issued by governments have the same status in philately as postage stamps, but parcel stamps issued by private railway companies or road carriers are regarded as cinderella stamps and many parcel stamps are also railway stamps.

The international parcel post service was established by the Universal Postal Union on 1 October 1881 (Great Britain, India, The Netherlands and Persia, 1 April 1882), following the agreement of 1880 in Paris.

Cinderella stamp
In philately, a cinderella stamp is a label that resembles a postage stamp, but which is not issued for postal purposes by a government administration. There is a wide variety of cinderella stamps, such as those printed for promotional use by businesses, churches, or political or non-profit groups. The term excludes imprinted stamps on postal stationery.
Helmet boxing
Helmet boxing or locker boxing (also called a "cage rage", "buckets", "helmet fight" or "helmets and gloves") is a game played by primarily teenage hockey or lacrosse players in their dressing rooms, basements or locker rooms. These are generally not supervised by adults. Participants wear helmets and sometimes gloves and fight in a locker room. The object of the game is to score as many hits on the head as possible until the opponent is knocked down, gives up, or their helmet falls off.

The game is often seen as rite of passage for players and fighters feel peer pressure to participate. There is false sense of security among teens that face and head are protected.

An editorial in the May/June 2006 Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine brought attention to the game and its risk of concussion. The teenagers also frequently video tape the game and post the videos to video sharing websites like Myspace or YouTube.

Rite of passage
A rite of passage is a ceremony or ritual of the passage which occurs when an individual leaves one group to enter another. It involves a significant change of status in society. In cultural anthropology, the term is the anglicisation of rite de passage, a French term innovated by the ethnographer Arnold van Gennep in his work Les rites de passage, The Rites of Passage. The term is now fully adopted into anthropology as well as into the literature and popular cultures of many modern languages.
Freginals
Freginals (Catalan pronunciation: [freʒiˈnals]) is a municipality in the comarca of Montsià in Catalonia, Spain. It has a population of 424 (register office, 2024) .

This town is located on a hill between the northern end of the Serra de Godall and the Serra del Montsià, not far from the forking of the roads between Tortosa, Ulldecona and Amposta. The area around the town has ancient passages of transhumant cattle herders known locally as lligallos.

The Renfe railway line from Valencia to Tortosa used to have a railway station in this town before 1990, but the station is now closed.

Freginals is part of the Taula del Sénia free association of municipalities.

Amposta
Amposta (Catalan pronunciation: [amˈpɔsta]) is the capital of the comarca of Montsià, in the province of Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain, 190 km south of Barcelona on the Mediterranean Coast. It is located at 8 metres above sea level, on the Ebre river, not far from its mouth. It has a population of 22,637 (register office, 2024) .

The GR 92 long distance footpath, which roughly follows the length of the Mediterranean coast of Spain, has a staging point at Amposta. Stage 30 links northwards to L'Ampolla, a distance of 16.3 kilometres (10.1 mi), whilst stage 31 links southwards to the Pont de l'Olivar, a distance of 25.4 kilometres (15.8 mi).
Gerald Lawrence
Gerald Leslie Lawrence (23 March 1873 – 9 May 1957) was a British actor and manager.

Lawrence was born in London in 1873, the son of Emily Mills née Asher (1832–1912) and John Moss Lawrence (1827–1888), an investor. Lawrence studied stagecraft with Frank Benson before founding his own Shakespearean company with William Haviland (1860–1917) – the Haviland and Lawrence Shakespearian & Dramatic Company – which during 1897 and 1898 toured South Africa where, among others, they performed Hamlet and Much Ado About Nothing. In the cast was Lawrence's wife Lilian Braithwaite, whom he had married shortly before the tour.

Frank Benson (actor)
Sir Francis Robert Benson (4 November 1858 – 31 December 1939) was an English tennis player and an actor-manager. He founded his own company in 1883 and produced all but two of William Shakespeare's plays. His thirty-year association with the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre and the annual Shakespeare Festival in Stratford-upon-Avon laid down foundations for the creation of the Royal Shakespeare Company after his death.

Benson's company toured widely, with few London seasons, and became a training ground for several generations of young performers, including Henry Ainley, Oscar Asche, Lilian Braithwaite, Isadora Duncan, Nigel Playfair, Nancy Price, Harcourt Williams and Moffat Johnston.

Benson was the older cousin of the Oscar-nominated and Tony-winning actor Basil Rathbone, to whom he bore a strong resemblance.
Judith (poem)
Judith is an Old English narrative poem describing the beheading of Assyrian general Holofernes by Israelite Judith of Bethulia. Found in the same manuscript as the heroic poem Beowulf, it is one of many retellings of the Holofernes–Judith tale as it was found in the Book of Judith, a story still present in the Catholic and Orthodox Christian bibles but considered apocryphal by Protestants. There is one other extant version in Old English; Ælfric of Eynsham, the late 10th-century Anglo-Saxon abbot and writer, wrote a homily (in prose) of the tale.

Leonard Boyle
Leonard Eugene Boyle, OP OC (13 November 1923 - 25 October 1999) was an Irish and Canadian scholar in medieval studies and palaeography.

He was the first Irish and North American Prefect of the Vatican Library in Rome from 1984 to 1997.
My Favorite Murder
My Favorite Murder is a weekly true crime comedy podcast hosted by American comedians Karen Kilgariff and Georgia Hardstark. The first episode was released in January 2016. The podcast debuted at #25 on the iTunes podcast charts and peaked at #3 on April 27, 2018. Weekly episodes regularly land within the iTunes' Top 10 Comedy Podcast chart. As of 2020, the podcast gets 35 million downloads per month.

Cracked.com
Cracked.com is an American website that was based on Cracked magazine. It was founded in 2005 by Jack O'Brien.

In 2007, Cracked had a couple of hundred thousand unique users per month and three or four million page views. In June 2011, it reached 27 million page views, according to comscore. According to O'Brien, the site had about 17 million unique visitors and 300 million page views in February 2012.
1994 California State Treasurer election
The 1994 California State Treasurer election occurred on November 8, 1994. The primary elections took place on March 8, 1994. The Republican nominee, Board of Equalization Chairman Matt Fong, narrowly defeated the Democratic nominee, Phil Angelides, for the office previously held by incumbent Kathleen Brown, who chose not to seek re-election in favor of running for governor. As of 2026, this was the last time a Republican was elected California state treasurer.

Kathleen Brown
Kathleen Lynn Brown (born September 25, 1945) is an American attorney and politician who served as the 29th treasurer of California from 1991 to 1995. Brown unsuccessfully ran for governor of California in the 1994 election.
KJNP-FM
KJNP-FM (100.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve North Pole, Alaska. The station is owned by Evangelistic Alaska Missionary Fellowship. It airs a Religious radio format.

KJNP-FM was founded by Don & Gen Nelson. The station was assigned the KJNP-FM call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on January 26, 1981.

North Pole, Alaska
North Pole is a small city in the Fairbanks North Star Borough, Alaska, United States. Incorporated in 1953, it is part of the Fairbanks metropolitan statistical area. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 2,243, up from 2,117 in 2010. Despite its name, the city is about 1,700 miles (2,700 km) south of Earth's geographic North Pole and 125 miles (201 km) south of the Arctic Circle.
Mühlhausen (b Engen) station
Mühlhausen (b Engen) (German: Bahnhof Mühlhausen (b Engen)) is a railway station in the municipality of Mühlhausen-Ehingen, near Engen, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located on the standard gauge Black Forest Railway of Deutsche Bahn.

Black Forest Railway (Baden)
The Baden Black Forest Railway (German: Schwarzwaldbahn, pronounced [ˈʃvaʁtsvaltˌbaːn] ⓘ) is a twin-track, electrified railway line in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, running in a NW-SE direction to link Offenburg on the Rhine Valley Railway (Rheintalbahn) with Singen on the High Rhine Railway (Hochrheinbahn).   Passing directly across the Black Forest, through spectacular scenery, the route is 150 km long, ascends 650 metres from lowest to highest elevation, and passes through 39 tunnels and over 2 viaducts.  It is still the only true mountain railway in Germany to be built with two tracks, and is the most important railway line in the Black Forest.  It was built between 1863 and 1873, utilizing plans drawn up by Robert Gerwig.

This line should not be confused with the Württemberg Black Forest Railway (Schwarzwaldbahn (Württemberg)), which runs between Stuttgart and Calw in Germany.
Amdang language
Amdang (also Biltine; autonym: sìmí amdangtí) is a language closely related to Fur, which together constitute a branch of the Nilo-Saharan language family.  It is mainly spoken in Chad, north of the town of Biltine, and sporadically elsewhere in Ouaddaï Region. There are also small colonies of speakers in Darfur near Woda'a and Fafa, and in Kordofan in the Abu Daza district and at Magrur north of Bara. Most of the ethnic group now speaks Arabic.

The language is also called Mimi, Mima or Biltine; the name "Mimi", however, is also applied to two extinct languages of the area; Mimi of Nachtigal and Mimi of Decorse.

Wolf (2010) provides lexical data for the Kouchane, Sounta, Yaouada, and Tere dialects of Amdang.

Mimi of Decorse
Mimi of Decorse, also known as Mimi of Gaudefroy-Demombynes and Mimi-D, is a language of Chad that is attested only in a word list labelled "Mimi" that was collected c. 1900 by G. J. Decorse and published by Maurice Gaudefroy-Demombynes. Joseph Greenberg (1960) classified it as a Maban language, like the rather remote Maban relative Mimi of Nachtigal. However, George Starostin (2011) rejects this classification, arguing that similarities to Maban are due to contact with locally dominant Maba (the similarities are with that language specifically, not with the entire Maban family), and provisionally regards it as a language isolate, though it is suggestive of Central Sudanic.
Nora, Princess, and Stray Cat
Nora, Princess, and Stray Cat, released in English as The Princess, the Stray Cat, and Matters of the Heart, is a Japanese adult visual novel developed by Harukaze and was released for Windows on February 26, 2016. A 12-episode anime television series adaptation aired from July to September 2017. PlayStation Vita (PSV) version of the game was released on September 28, 2017. The original title is Nora to Ōjo to Noraneko Heart (ノラと皇女と野良猫ハート, Nora to Ōjo to Noraneko Hāto; lit. Nora, Princess, and Stray Cat Heart), and it is officially abbreviated as Noratoto (ノラとと) in Japan.

Eroge
An eroge (エロゲー, erogē, pronounced [eɾoɡe(ː)]), also called an H-game (エッチゲーム, ecchi game), is a Japanese genre of erotic video game. The term encompasses a wide variety of Japanese games containing erotic content across multiple genres. The first eroge were created in the 1980s, and many well-known companies in the Japanese gaming industry originally produced and distributed them. Some eroge are primarily focused on erotic content, while others, such as Key's Kanon, only contain occasional scenes in an otherwise non-erotic work. Games in the latter category are often re-released with sexual content removed for general audiences. Throughout its history, the genre has faced controversy for its use of explicit sexual content, and as a result has been banned from several console platforms.
Schatz Ridge
Schatz Ridge (78°29′00″S 86°03′00″W﻿ / ﻿78.48333°S 86.05000°W﻿ / -78.48333; -86.05000) is a ridge, 1 nautical mile (1.9 km) long, located 1 nautical mile (1.9 km) northwest of Knutzen Peak on the Taylor Ledge, in the Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains. An outlier, the ridge has the appearance of a nunatak with two peaks, the higher eastern one rising 200 metres (660 ft) above the ice surface. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in 2006 after Gerald S. Schatz, a research analyst and editor of the National Academy of Sciences News Report, who authored a number of papers on Antarctic environment, conservation and legal issues in the 1970s and 1980s. He provided environmental policy advice to the US Antarctic Program while on a temporary appointment to ITT Antarctic Services Inc.

Ellsworth Mountains
The Ellsworth Mountains are the highest mountain ranges in Antarctica, forming a 350 km (217 mi) long and 48 km (30 mi) wide chain of mountains in a north to south configuration on the western margin of the Ronne Ice Shelf in Marie Byrd Land. They are bisected by Minnesota Glacier to form the Sentinel Range to the north and the Heritage Range to the south. The former is by far the higher and more spectacular with Mount Vinson (4,892 meters (16,050 ft)) constituting the highest point on the continent. The mountains are located within the Chilean Antarctic territorial claim but outside of the Argentinian and British ones.