hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Uvitic acid
Uvitic acid (5-methylisophthalic acid) is an organic compound with the formula CH3C6H3(COOH)2. The name comes from Latin uva which means a grape. The acid is called so because it may be produced indirectly from tartaric acid, which is found in the grape. Under normal conditions, the acid is a white crystalline substance.

Tartaric acid
Tartaric acid is a white, crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many fruits, most notably in grapes but also in tamarinds, bananas, avocados,  and citrus. Its salt, potassium bitartrate, commonly known as cream of tartar, develops naturally in the process of fermentation. Potassium bitartrate is commonly mixed with sodium bicarbonate and is sold as baking powder used as a leavening agent in food preparation. The acid itself is added to foods as an antioxidant E334 and to impart its distinctive sour taste. Naturally occurring tartaric acid is a useful raw material in organic synthesis. Tartaric acid, an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid, is diprotic and aldaric in acid characteristics and is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid.
Outline of physics
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to physics:

Physics – natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.

Lists of physics equations
In physics, there are equations in every field to relate physical quantities to each other and perform calculations. Entire handbooks of equations can only summarize most of the full subject, else are highly specialized within a certain field. Physics is derived of formulae only.
Dallas College Mountain View
Dallas College Mountain View Campus (often stylized as Mountain View or MVC) is a public community college in Dallas, Texas.  It is part of Dallas College. The campus opened its doors in 1970 and features an enrollment of about 11,500 credit students and another 9,000 continuing education students. It also offers more than 35 degree and certificate programs.

Trini Garza Early College High School, an early college senior high school of the Dallas Independent School District, is on the college property.

Dallas College
Dallas College is a public community college with seven campuses in Dallas County, Texas. It serves more than 70,000 students annually in degree-granting, continuing education, and adult education programs.

Dallas College offers associate degree and career/technical certificate programs in more than 100 areas of study, as well as a bachelor's degree in education. It is one of the largest community college systems in Texas.
Barbados national badminton team
The Barbados national badminton team represents Barbados in international badminton team competitions. The national team is managed by the Barbados Badminton Association in Bridgetown. Barbados have never medaled at the Pan American Badminton Championships. The Barbadian mixed team started participating in the Commonwealth Games mixed team event since 2010.

Dominican Republic national badminton team
The Dominican Republic national badminton team (Spanish: Equipo nacional de bádminton de la República Dominicana) represents Dominican Republic in international badminton team competitions. It is controlled by the Dominican Republic Badminton Federation. The Dominican Republic team finished 5th in the 2018 Pan Am Badminton Championships.

The Dominican Republic hosted the 2017 Pan Am Badminton Championships and achieved 5th place. The national team also competes in the Pan American Games. They won a bronze medal in men's doubles.
Pyeongtaek Citizen FC
Pyeongtaek Citizen Football Club (Korean: 평택 시티즌 FC) is a semi-professional South Korean football club based in Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi-do. The club was founded in 2017 and plays in the K4 League, the fourth tier of football in South Korea.

K4 League
The K4 League (Korean: K4리그) is the fourth-highest division in the South Korean football league system. It is regarded as the successor to the K3 League Basic, the second division of amateur K3 League founded in 2017.

Since 2021, Korea Football Association has allowed reserve teams of the K League to join the K4 League.
Isla Espíritu Santo
Isla Espíritu Santo is an uninhabited island in the Gulf of California, off the Mexican state of Baja California Sur.  It is separated from Isla Partida by a narrow canal.

Together, the islands are part of La Paz Municipality and are both a short boat trip from La Paz on the Baja California Peninsula.

There was human presence of the island already about 9,000 years ago.

La Paz Municipality, Baja California Sur
La Paz is a municipality in the Mexican state of Baja California Sur. Its area of 20,275 km2 (7,828 sq mi) makes it the municipality in Mexico with the fourth-largest area.  It had a population of 290,286 inhabitants in the 2015 census.  Its municipal seat, also named La Paz, is the state capital.
Layforce II
Layforce II was the name given to an ad hoc formation of British Commandos during the Second World War. The force was under command of Major Peter Laycock the second in commando of No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando. Layforce II included the French Troop from No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando and three Troops from No. 4 Commando. The force carried out deception raids against the coastline of German-occupied Europe. The raids, codenamed Operation Menacle and Hardtack, were finally abandoned because they encouraged the Germans to reinforce their positions, which, in the longer term, could be disadvantageous to the Allies.

Operation Hardtack (commando raid)
Operation Hardtack was the name of a series of British Commando raids during the Second World War. The operation was conducted by No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando, No. 12 Commando and the Special Boat Service, and took place on the Channel Islands and the northern coast of France in December 1943.  Most of the raids consisted of ten men of various ranks, carried by Motor Torpedo Boats and dories, except for one operation, which was an airborne landing.  The raids were ended by order of Major General Robert Laycock because they caused the enemy to bring reinforcements, which could have been detrimental to the Allies' strategy.
Amanda Solloway
Amanda Jane Solloway (née Edghill, 6 June 1961) is a British politician who served as Lord Commissioner of the Treasury from September 2022 to July 2024 and Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Affordability and Skills from February 2023 to July 2024. A member of the Conservative Party, she was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Derby North between 2019 and 2024, having previously served from 2015 to 2017.

Derby City Council
Derby City Council is the local authority for the city of Derby, in the ceremonial county of Derbyshire in the East Midlands region of England. Derby has had a council from medieval times, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1997 the council has been a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council. Since 2024 the council has been a member of the East Midlands Combined County Authority.

The council has been under no overall control since 2018. Following the 2023 election a minority Labour administration formed to run the council. The council is based at the Council House.
Olsen cycle
The Olsen cycle is a pyroelectric cycle, which was developed between 1978 and 1986 by Olsen and Bruno, by Olsen and Brown, Olsen and Evans, as well as by Olsen et al. It has been called the Ericsson cycle. However, the Olsen cycle avoids the least confusion with its analogous process of the Ericsson cycle. The Olsen cycle can generate electricity directly from heat when applied to a pyroelectric material, and has been the most favorable method for the generation of electricity from heat using pyroelectric energy harvesting. It consists of two isothermal and two isoelectric field processes in the displacement versus electric field diagram.

It can be compared to the Ericsson cycle, where working fluid undergoes two isothermal and two isobaric processes in a pressure-volume diagram. However, the Ericsson cycle does not include the hysteresis loop, which is essentially a lag between the input of an electric field and the material's output.

Pyroelectricity
Pyroelectricity (from Greek: pyr (πυρ), "fire" and electricity) is a property of certain crystals which are naturally electrically polarized and as a result contain large electric fields. Pyroelectricity can be described as the ability of certain materials to generate a temporary voltage when they are heated or cooled. The change in temperature modifies the positions of the atoms slightly within the crystal structure, so that the polarization of the material changes. This polarization change gives rise to a voltage across the crystal. If the temperature stays constant at its new value, the pyroelectric voltage gradually disappears due to leakage current. The leakage can be due to electrons moving through the crystal, ions moving through the air, or current leaking through a voltmeter attached across the crystal.
HD 74272
HD 74272 is a star in the constellation Vela. It has the Bayer designation n Velorum, while HD 74272 is the identifier from the Henry Draper catalogue. This is a white hued star that is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.74. It is located at a distance of approximately 1,800 light years from the Sun based on parallax. The star is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +17 km/s.

This is an aging, massive bright giant star with a stellar classification of A5 II. It is an estimated 30 million years old with 8.8 times the mass of the Sun. Having exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core, it has expanded to around 33 times the radius of the Sun. The star is radiating 3,287 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 7,370 K.

Bayer designation
A Bayer designation is a stellar designation in which a specific star is identified by a Greek or Latin letter followed by the genitive form of its parent constellation's Latin name. The original list of Bayer designations contained 1564 stars. The brighter stars were assigned their first systematic names by the German astronomer Johann Bayer in 1603, in his star atlas Uranometria. Bayer catalogued only a few stars too far south to be seen from Germany, but later astronomers (including Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille and Benjamin Apthorp Gould) supplemented Bayer's catalog with entries for southern constellations.
Berthe Faure
Berthe Faure (1842-1920) was the wife Félix Faure, who was President of France from 1895 to 1899.

As wife of the president, Berthe Faure was required by her spouse to fulfill representational duties. She hosted two balls annually and gala dinners for 8.000 guests. At Saturdays, she had her own gatherings; among her friends were the father of Marcel Proust. Berthe Faure reportedly worshiped her spouse and was regarded by her family as naive. She did know about the adultery of her spouse but preferred to pretend not to notice.

Félix Faure
Félix François Faure (French: [feliks fʁɑ̃swa fɔʁ] ⓘ; 30 January 1841 – 16 February 1899) was President of France from 1895 until his death in 1899. A native of Paris, he worked as a tanner in his younger years. Faure became a member of the Chamber of Deputies for Seine-Inférieure in 1881. He rose to prominence in national politics up until unexpectedly assuming the presidency, during which time France's relations with Russia improved.

According to David Bell, Felix Faure was born in Paris and moved to Le Havre where he became a successful shipowner. He moved up from local politics and was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1881. He started  as a junior minister and became minister for marine and colonies. He was elected seventh president of the Third Republic in 1895 and died in office in 1899.
Fishman Affidavit
The Fishman Affidavit is a set of court documents submitted by self-professed ex-Scientologist Steven Fishman in 1993 in the federal case, Church of Scientology International v. Fishman and Geertz (Case No. CV 91-6426 (HLH (Tx) United States District Court for the Central District of California).

The affidavit contained criticisms of the Church of Scientology and substantial portions of the Operating Thetan auditing and course materials.

United States District Court for the Central District of California
The United States District Court for the Central District of California (in case citations, C.D. Cal.; commonly referred to as the CDCA or CACD) is a federal trial court that serves over 19 million people in Southern and Central California, making it the most populous federal judicial district. The district was created on September 18, 1966. Cases from the Central District are appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the United States government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).
2016–17 Cypriot First Division
The 2016–17 Cypriot First Division was the 78th season of the Cypriot top-level football league. The season began on 20 August 2016 and ended on 21 May 2017. The fixtures were announced on 7 July 2016. APOEL were the defending champions.

APOEL were crowned champions for the 26th time and a fifth time in a row, securing the title after beating title arch-rivals Omonia 3–1 at the GSP Stadium on 13 May 2017.

Ermis Aradippou FC
Ermis Aradippou (Greek: Ερμής Αραδίππου) is a Cypriot professional football club based in Aradippou, a settlement on the outskirts of the city of Larnaca. The club was formed in 1958, and currently plays in the Cypriot Third Division. Ermis' greatest success came in 2014, when they won the Super Cup. Ermis have a long-standing rivalry with their neighbouring club Omonia Aradippou.
M1/M3 (railcar)
The M1 and M3 are two similar series of electric multiple unit rail cars built by the Budd Company for the Long Island Rail Road, the Metro-North Railroad, and Metro-North's predecessors, Penn Central and Conrail. Originally branded by Budd as Metropolitans, the cars are more popularly known under their model names, M1 (late 1960s/early 1970s cars) and M3 (mid-1980s cars). The Metro-North cars were branded under the M1A and M3A series.

Sandite
Sandite is a substance used on railways in the UK, Ireland, US, the Netherlands and Belgium to combat leaves on the line, which can cause train wheels to slide and become damaged with flat spots. Sandite consists of a mixture of sand, antifreeze and steel shot.

Leaf build up on the railhead can also cause signalling issues and 'disappearing trains' on the rail control systems (because of the electrically insulating effect of the leaves, which can prevent operation of track circuits).

British Rail conducted research, in 1976, to determine the suitability of Sandite for use as an adhesion improver.
Hornlip mullet
The hornlip mullet (Plicomugil labiosus) is a species of ray-finned fish in the mullet family from the Indo-Pacific from the Red Sea to Micronesia. It is the only species in the monospecific genus Plicomugil.

Mullet (fish)
The mullets or grey mullets are a family (Mugilidae) of ray-finned fish found worldwide in coastal temperate and tropical waters, and some species in fresh water. Mullets have served as an important source of food in Mediterranean Europe since Roman times. In ancient Egypt, people ate pickled and dried mullet called fesikh. The family includes about 78 species in 26 genera.

Mullets are distinguished by the presence of two separate dorsal fins, small triangular mouths, and the absence of a lateral line organ. They feed on detritus, and most species have unusually muscular stomachs and a complex pharynx to help in digestion.
Hōne Tikao
Hōne Tikao (also known as Piuraki and John (Jack) Love (1808 – June 1852) was an Akaroa Harbour Ngāi Te Kahukura kaumātua (respected elder) of great physique, strength and intelligence. At age 22, he was captured and enslaved by the war chief Te Rauparaha for many years, and upon release had many whaling adventures, learning to speak English and French. He signed the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840, and Kemp's Deed in 1848, and became a prominent negotiator in the land sales and disputes that took place later.

He was tattooed on one side of his face in a curved design. Tikao Bay takes its name from him. Piuraki is his tribal name.

Kaiapoi Pā
Kaiapoi Pā is a historic pā (fort) site just north of the Waimakariri River in Canterbury, New Zealand. The pā was a major centre of trade and nobility for Ngāi Tahu in the Classical Māori period.

Established around 1700, the pā was sacked in 1832 by Ngāti Toa warriors led by Te Rauparaha. Today the pā site is a memorial reserve and is significant to local iwi. The nearby town of Kaiapoi is named after the pā.
Imperatorin
Imperatorin is a furocoumarin and a phytochemical that has been isolated from Urena lobata L. (Malvaceae), Angelica archangelica, Angelica dahurica, Glehnia littoralis, Saposhnikovia divaricata, Cnidium monnieri, Incarvillea younghusbandii, and Zanthoxylum americanum mill. It is biosynthesized from umbelliferone, a coumarin derivative.

Furanocoumarin
The furanocoumarins, or furocoumarins, are a class of organic chemical compounds produced by a variety of plants. Most of the plant species found to contain furanocoumarins belong to a handful of plant families. The families Apiaceae and Rutaceae (citrus family) include the largest numbers of plant species that contain furanocoumarins. The families Moraceae and Fabaceae include a few widely distributed plant species that contain furanocoumarins.

Generally, furanocoumarins are most abundant in plants that have flowered and in ripe seeds and fruits. (An exception is the common fig where furanocoumarins are found chiefly in the milky sap of the leaves and shoots but not the fruits.) During the early stages of plant growth, their presence is not easily detected.
Heinz Bohlen
Heinz P. Bohlen (26 June 1935 – 2 February 2016) was a microwave electronics and communications engineer.

He designed and described numerous non-octave musical scales (alternative musical tunings and temperaments), many based on combination tones, including the Bohlen–Pierce scale in 1972 (independently discovered by John R. Pierce in 1984, also a microwave electronics and communications engineer, six years later and Kees van Prooijen in 1978), the A12 scale, and the 833 cents scale.

Bohlen began to question and investigate tunings in the early 1970s when a friend and graduate student at the Hamburg Hochschule für Musik und Theater asked him to begin recording concerts at the school. Bohlen asked students why all their music used twelve-tone equal temperament, including the octave, and, dissatisfied with the answers, began to investigate alternate tunings.

Musical tuning
In music, there are two common meanings for tuning:

Tuning practice, the act of tuning an instrument or voice.

Tuning systems, the various systems of pitches used to tune an instrument, and their theoretical bases.
Indian locomotive class WDS-8
The Indian locomotive class WDS-8 was a class of diesel–electric locomotive that was developed in 1979 by the Chittaranjan Locomotive Works for Indian Railways, but ended up being delivered exclusively to the private sector. The model name stood for broad gauge (W), Diesel (D), Shunter (S) engine, 8th generation (8). They entered service in 1979. A total of five WDS-8 locomotives was built at Chittaranjan Locomotive Works (CLW), Chittaranjan between 1979 and 1982.

All WDS-8 units were sold to the Steel Authority of India. As of November 2020, these locomotives have been withdrawn from service.

Chittaranjan Locomotive Works
Chittaranjan Locomotive Works (CLW) is an Indian state-owned electric locomotive manufacturer. The works are located at Chittaranjan in the Asansol Sadar subdivision of West Bengal, with an ancillary unit in Dankuni. The main unit is 32 km from Asansol's City Bus Terminus and 237 km from Kolkata. CLW has stores and offices in Kolkata, as well as inspection cells in New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Bangalore. It is the largest locomotive manufacturer unit in the world. In FY 2024–25, it produced 700 locomotives surpassing the United States and Europe.
Yo! Bum Rush the Show
Yo! Bum Rush the Show is the debut studio album by the American hip hop group Public Enemy. It was released in March 1987 through Def Jam Recordings. It was recorded at Spectrum City Studios in Hempstead, New York, and became one of the fastest-selling hip hop records, but was controversial among radio stations and critics, in part due to lead rapper Chuck D's black nationalist politics. The album is regarded as one of hip hop's greatest and most influential records.

Jeff Chang (journalist)
Jeff Chang is an American historian, journalist, and music critic on hip hop music and culture. His 2005 book, Can't Stop Won't Stop, which won the American Book Award, chronicles the early hip hop scene. His writing has appeared in URB, BOMB, San Francisco Chronicle, The Village Voice, San Francisco Bay Guardian, Vibe, Spin, The Nation, and Mother Jones. He has also been featured on NPR.

Chang was the executive director of the Institute for Diversity in the Arts + Committee on Black Performing Arts at Stanford University. He also served as the executive director of the Institute for Diversity in the Arts at Stanford. In June 2018, the Institute announced that Chang would leave to become the first vice president of Narrative, Arts, and Culture at Race Forward. Chang resides in the San Francisco Bay Area.
Waxworks (1992 video game)
Waxworks is a 1992 horror-themed first-person dungeon crawl video game developed by Horror Soft and published by Accolade for Amiga, Classic Mac OS, and MS-DOS compatible operating systems. The player traverses historically themed dungeons, solving puzzles and fighting enemies, to remove a curse from the player character's family.  It was inspired by the 1988 film Waxwork.

GOG.com
GOG.com (formerly Good Old Games) is a digital distribution platform for video games and films. It is operated by GOG sp. z o.o., which was a wholly owned subsidiary of CD Projekt until December 2025, based in Warsaw, Poland. CD Projekt sold GOG to co-founder Michał Kiciński in December 2025.

GOG.com delivers DRM-free video games through its digital platform for Microsoft Windows, macOS and Linux.
Khmelnytskyi Oblast Football Association
Khmelnytskyi Oblast Football Association is a football governing body in the region of Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine. The association is a member of the Regional Council of UAF and the collective member of the UAF itself.

FC Advis Khmelnytskyi
FC Advis Khmelnytskyi was a Ukrainian football club from Khmelnytskyi. In 1994–95 and 1995–96 seasons played at the professional level. In 1995 it merged with FC Temp Shepetivka, after which Temp in the Ukrainian First League was replaced with Temp-Advis, while Advis – with Temp-Advis-2. Thus, FC Advis Khmelnytskyi became the second squad of the new Temp-Advis club. However, after playing only seven games in a new season, the team withdrew and its results were annulled.
Jean Armour
Jean Armour (25 February 1765 – 26 March 1834), also known as the "Belle of Mauchline", was the wife of the poet Robert Burns. She inspired many of his poems and bore him nine children, three of whom survived into adulthood.

Ellisland Farm
Ellisland Farm lies about 6.5 mi/10.4 km northwest of Dumfries near the  village of Auldgirth, located in the Parish of Dunscore, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. The complex is a museum in the farm Robert Burns built, lived in and farmed from 1788 until 1791.  One of the earliest references to the site is in 1465. Cardinal Antonius confirming a Charter by the Monastery of Melrose of the adjoining property of Ellisland to John Kirkpatrick.