hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Health in the Republic of the Congo
The Republic of the Congo faces a number of ongoing health challenges.

The Human Rights Measurement Initiative finds that the Republic of the Congo is fulfilling 63.7% of what it should be fulfilling for the right to health based on its level of income. When looking at the right to health with respect to children, the Republic of the Congo achieves 90.3% of what is expected based on its current income. In regards to the right to health amongst the adult population, the country achieves only 75.9% of what is expected based on the nation's level of income.  The Republic of the Congo falls into the "very bad" category when evaluating the right to reproductive health because the nation is fulfilling only 25.0% of what the nation is expected to achieve based on the resources (income) it has available.

Pointe-Noire
Pointe-Noire (French pronunciation: [pwɛ̃t.nwaʁ]; Kongo: Njinji, French: Ndjindji with the letter d following French spelling standards) is the second largest city in the Republic of the Congo (behind the capital of Brazzaville), with a population of 1,420,612 inhabitants in 2023. It is also an autonomous department and a commune since the 2002 constitution; before this date it was the capital of the Kouilou region (now a separate department). It is situated on a headland between Pointe-Noire Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. Pointe-Noire is the main economic centre of the country.
NGC 3318
NGC 3318 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation of Vela. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 3,077±22 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 148.0 ± 10.4 Mly (45.38 ± 3.19 Mpc). However, 20 non-redshift measurements give a much closer mean distance of 122.47 ± 2.40 Mly (37.550 ± 0.735 Mpc). It was discovered by British astronomer John Herschel on 2 March 1835.

NGC 3318 is a Seyfert II galaxy, i.e. it has a quasar-like nucleus with very high surface brightnesses whose spectra reveal strong, high-ionisation emission lines, but unlike quasars, the host galaxy is clearly detectable.

Vela (constellation)
Vela is a constellation in the southern sky, which contains the Vela Supercluster. Its name is Latin for the sails of a ship, and it was originally part of a larger constellation, the ship Argo Navis, which was later divided into three parts, the others being Carina and Puppis. With an apparent magnitude of 1.8, its brightest star is the hot blue multiple star Gamma Velorum, one component of which is the closest and brightest Wolf-Rayet star in the sky. Delta and Kappa Velorum, together with Epsilon and Iota Carinae, form the asterism known as the False Cross. 1.95-magnitude Delta is actually a triple or quintuple star system.
Vengoor Gram Panchayat
Vengoor is a Gram panchayat in Koovappady Block in Kunnathunadu Taluk in the Ernakulam District, state of Kerala, India.

It is one of the largest panchayats (248.01 km2) in Kerala State. The nearest city is Perumbavoor and is around 10 km from Vengoor. Places around Vengoor are: Kombanad, Kuruppampady, Paniyely, Panamkuzhy, Chundakuzhy, Mekkappala, Mudakkuzha, Kodanadu and Nedungapra. The tourist attractions like "Paniyeli Poru Waterfalls" and "Panamkuzhy Mahogany forests" in the bank of the famous "Periyar River" are in Vengoor Panchayat. Vengoor Pincode is 683546 with 10.14946 latitude and 76.55806 longitude.

Ernakulam
Ernakulam (Malayalam: [erɐɳɐːkuɭɐm] ⓘ) is the central business district of the city of Kochi, Kerala, India , Asia. It is the namesake of Ernakulam district. The eastern part of Kochi city is mainly known as Ernakulam, while the western part of it after the Venduruthy Bridge is called as Wernakulam. Many major establishments, including the Kerala High Court, the office of the Kochi Municipal Corporation and the Cochin Shipyard are situated in Ernakulam. It is also the most urbanized area in the city of Kochi. The Southern Naval Command (SNC) is in Kochi, Ernakulam district, Kerala. Established in 1958, it is the largest naval command of the Indian Navy, focusing on training and maritime security operations in the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean.
Unnecessary surgery
Unnecessary surgery refers to operative procedures performed without adequate clinical indication or expected net benefit for the patient, relative to less invasive or non-operative alternatives. The concept overlaps with medical overuse, low-value care, and defensive medicine, and is studied through evidence syntheses, practice-variation research, and evaluations of appropriateness criteria.

Choosing Wisely
Choosing Wisely is a United States–based health educational campaign, led by the ABIM Foundation (American Board of Internal Medicine), about unnecessary health care.

The campaign identifies over 500 tests and procedures and encourages doctors and patients to discuss, research, and possibly get second opinions, before proceeding with them. To conduct the campaign, the ABIM Foundation asks medical specialty societies to make five to ten recommendations for preventing overuse of a treatment in their field. The foundation then publicizes this information, and the medical specialty societies disseminate it to their members.

The campaign has garnered both praise and criticism, and some of its ideas have spread to other countries. It does not include evaluation of its effects on costs, on discussions or on medical outcomes. Some doctors have said they lack time for the recommended discussions.
Mathematical statistics
Mathematical statistics is the application of probability theory and other mathematical concepts to statistics, as opposed to techniques for collecting statistical data. Specific mathematical techniques that are commonly used in statistics include mathematical analysis, linear algebra, stochastic analysis, differential equations, and measure theory.

Parametric statistics
Parametric statistics is a branch of statistics which leverages models based on a fixed (finite) set of parameters.  Conversely nonparametric statistics does not assume explicit (finite-parametric) mathematical forms for distributions when modeling data. However, it may make some assumptions about that distribution, such as continuity or symmetry, or even an explicit mathematical shape but have a model for a distributional parameter that is not itself finite-parametric.

Most well-known statistical methods are parametric. Regarding nonparametric (and semiparametric) models, Sir David Cox has said, "These typically involve fewer assumptions of structure and distributional form but usually contain strong assumptions about independencies".
History of Oklahoma
The history of Oklahoma refers to the history of the state of Oklahoma and the land that the state now occupies. Areas of Oklahoma east of its panhandle were acquired in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, while the Panhandle was not acquired until the U.S. land acquisitions following the Mexican–American War (1846–1848).

Most of Oklahoma was set aside as Indian Territory, with the general borders of the Indian Territory being formed in 1834 from the Indian Intercourse Act. It was opened for general settlement in 1889. The "Sooners" were settlers who arrived before this period of official authorization. From 1890 to 1907 Oklahoma split into two territories known as Oklahoma Territory in the west and Indian Territory in the east. Oklahoma became the 46th state to enter the union on November 16, 1907. Early on in Oklahoma's statehood, it was primarily a ranching and farming state, with oil being a major economic producer as well.

Wichita people
The Wichita people, or Wichita: kirikir?i:s, are a confederation of Southern Plains Native American tribes. Historically they spoke the Wichita language and Kichai language, both Caddoan languages. Their ancestral homelands are in Oklahoma, Texas, and Kansas.

Today, Wichita tribes, which include the Kichai people, Waco, Taovaya, Tawakoni, Yscani, and the Wichita proper (or Guichita), are federally recognized as the Wichita and Affiliated Tribes (Wichita, Keechi, Waco and Tawakoni).
J. Mills Thornton
Jonathan Mills Thornton III (born October 27, 1943) is an American historian known for his work on Southern history, the Civil Rights Movement, and Reconstruction era. He is a Professor Emeritus at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

Southern Historical Association
The Southern Historical Association is a professional academic organization of historians focusing on the history of the Southern United States. It was organized on November 2, 1934. Its objectives are the promotion of interest and research in Southern history, the collection and preservation of the South's historical records, and the encouragement of state and local historical societies in the South. As a secondary purpose the organization fosters the teaching and study of all areas of history in the South.
Kristijan Bistrović
Kristijan Bistrović (Croatian pronunciation: [krǐstijan bǐstroʋitɕ]; born 9 April 1998) is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Russian Premier League club Akron Tolyatti.

2018 Russian Super Cup
The 2018 Russian Super Cup (Russian: Суперкубок России) was the 16th annual Russian Super Cup match which was contested between the 2017–18 Russian Premier League champion, Lokomotiv Moscow, and the 2017–18 Russian Premier League runner-up, CSKA Moscow. 2017–18 Russian Cup winner FC Tosno was dissolved in the summer 2018 and was replaced by CSKA in the game.

CSKA Moscow won in extra time.
Radisson station
Radisson station is a Montreal Metro station in the borough of Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is operated by the Société de transport de Montréal (STM) and serves the Green Line. It is in the district of Saint-Jean-de-Dieu. It opened on June 6, 1976, as part of the extension of the Green Line to Honoré-Beaugrand station.

Green Line (Montreal Metro)
The Green Line (French: Ligne verte, pronounced [liɲ vɛʁt]), also known as Line 1 (Ligne 1), is one of the four lines of the Montreal Metro in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The line runs through the commercial section of downtown Montreal underneath Boulevard de Maisonneuve, formerly Rue de Montigny. It runs mainly on a northeast to southwest axis with a connection to the Orange and Yellow Lines at Berri–UQAM, and with the Orange Line west of downtown at Lionel-Groulx.

The section between Atwater and Frontenac was part of the initial network; the line was extended to Honoré-Beaugrand in 1976 to provide easy access to 1976 Summer Olympics sites. It was extended to Angrignon in 1978. All but three stations — De l'Église, Lionel-Groulx, and Charlevoix — are side platform stations.
Khushal Khan Khattak Express
Khushal Khan Khattak Express is a train service between Karachi City and Peshawar in Pakistan. It takes 37 hrs 30 minutes to cover approximately 1,764 kilometres (1,096 mi). This train follows the Karachi-Peshawar Line from Peshawar Cantt to Attock City Junction, Kotri-Attock Line between Attock City and Kotri Junction and gets back on Karachi-Peshawar Line between Kotri Junction and Karachi City. Important Stations covered by this train include Nowshera, Attock City, Basal, Daud Khel, Mianwali, Kundian, Bhakkar, Laiyyah, Kot Addu, Dera Ghazi Khan, Kashmor, Kandhkot, Rajanpur, Jacobababad, Shikarpur, Habib Kot, Larkana, Dadu, Sehwan Sharif, Kotri, Landhi and Karachi Cantt. This is the only train in Pakistan Railways that has 3 loco reversals along its journey at Attock City Junction, Kot Addu and Jacobabad  Junction.

Karachi–Peshawar Line
Karachi–Peshawar Railway Line (Urdu: کراچی–پشاور مرکزی ریل راستہ, romanized: karāčī-pešāvar markazī rēl rāsta) (also referred to as Main Line 1 or ML-1) is one of four main railway lines in Pakistan, operated and maintained by Pakistan Railways. The 1,687 kilometers (1,048 mi) long line starts at Kiamari station, Sindh, and ends at Peshawar Cantonment Station in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The railway is dual tracked between Keamari and Shahdara Bagh, and Chaklala and Golra Sharif. With 173 railway stations, the line serves as the country's main passenger and freight line, 75% of the country's cargo and passenger traffic passing through yearly.

In 2016, funding for a six-year, US$6.8 billion upgrade and renovation project was agreed as part of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor, with the average speed to be doubled to 140 kilometers per hour upon completion. The project has been delayed several times since then.
Sentimientos (song)
"Sentimientos" (English: Feelings) is a song by Puerto Rican reggaetón recording artist Ivy Queen, from her sixth studio album, Sentimiento (2007). It was composed by Queen, produced by Rafi Mercenario and released as the third single from the album in April 2007. The song is a mixture of reggaetón and bachata known as bachaton or bachateo. Lyrically, it describes how doing things that are nice or romantic "are more important than material things." The song garnered mainly positive reviews from critics, Scott Mahia of About.com gave it a 4 out of 5 stars and praised the dance mixes. The song managed to on the Billboard Latin Rhythm Songs and Billboard Dance Club Play Songs chart at number 22 and 44 respectively. Ivy Queen also performed the song as a part of the set of her 2008 World Tour which was held from the José Miguel Agrelot Coliseum known as the Coliseum of Puerto Rico in San Juan, Puerto Rico. A remix version with Jowell & Randy was planned but never fulfilled.

Girl You Know It's True (song)
"Girl You Know It's True" is a song by Maryland-based group Numarx, later popularised by German dance-pop group Milli Vanilli.  Released as the lead single from their European debut album, All or Nothing (1988), and their American debut album, Girl You Know It's True (1989), the song peaked at number one on the German Singles Chart, number two in the United States and number three in the United Kingdom, becoming one of Milli Vanilli's most successful singles. The song samples "Ashley's Roachclip" by the Soul Searchers. It would become infamous for live performance skipping on tape.
Amit Tiwari (air marshal)
Air Marshal Amit Tiwari, PVSM, AVSM, VM is a retired officer of the Indian Air Force. He served as the Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief (AOC-in-C), Central Air Command. He assumed the office on 1 February 2021 succeeding Air Marshal Rajesh Kumar and served till 31 May 2021. He is succeeded by Air Marshal Richard John Duckworth. Previously, he served as AOC-in-C of Southern Air Command.

Vayu Sena Medal
The Vayu Sena Medal (lit. 'Air Force Medal') is a military decoration, usually awarded in peacetime for a job well done in the Indian Air Force. However, it has been granted during times of conflict for acts of gallantry in the face of enemy, though not in the same numbers as the Vir Chakra.

Posthumous awards may be made and a bar is authorized for subsequent awards of the Vayu Sena Medal.

The VM was established on 17 June 1960 by the President of India and awards have been made from 1961 onwards. Awards over the past decade or more have been classified into two categories. One is Vayu Sena Medal (Gallantry) and the other for Vayu Sena Medal (Devotion to Duty).
Timeline of the 2014 Venezuelan protests
The 2014 Venezuelan protests began in February 2014 when hundreds of thousands of Venezuelans protested due to high levels of criminal violence, inflation, and chronic scarcity of basic goods because of policies created the Venezuelan government. The protests have lasted for several months and events are listed below according to the month they had happened.

University of the Andes (Venezuela)
The University of the Andes (Spanish: Universidad de Los Andes, ULA) is the second-oldest university in Venezuela, whose main campus is located in the city of Mérida, Venezuela. ULA is the largest public university in the Venezuelan Andes, having one of the largest student bodies in the country.
2023 Mid-American Conference football season
The 2023 Mid-American Conference football season was the 78th season for the Mid-American Conference (MAC), as part of the 2023 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Non-conference play began with one game on August 26.  Conference play began on September 23 and concluded with the MAC championship game on Saturday, December 2 at Ford Field in Detroit, Michigan.  Miami won the East division with a 7-1 conference record with their only loss coming against Toledo. Toledo won the West with a perfect conference record.  Their quarterback Dequan Finn won Player of the Year and coach Jason Candle won coach of the year.  On October 21, during the regular season game between the division winners, Miami quarterback Brett Gabbert suffered a season ending leg injury.  In spite of that, Miami won their first MAC Championship since 2019 with a 23–14 upset victory in the MAC Championship Game.

2023 MAC Football Championship Game
The 2023 MAC Football Championship Game was a college football conference championship game played on December 2, 2023, at Ford Field in Detroit, Michigan. It was the 27th edition of the MAC Football Championship Game and determined the champion of the Mid-American Conference (MAC) for the 2023 season. The game began at 12:00 p.m. EST and aired on ESPN. The game featured the Western Division champion Toledo Rockets against the Eastern Division champion Miami RedHawks.  Miami won their first MAC Championship since 2019 with a 23–14 upset victory.
Veronica Mars season 4
The fourth and final season of Veronica Mars, an American drama television series created by Rob Thomas, consists of eight episodes that were all released on Hulu on July 19, 2019. It serves as a continuation of the 2004–07 television series as well as the 2014 film. Kristen Bell reprises her role as the title character, and it features the return of several characters from the original series as well as the introduction of new ones.

Private investigator
A private investigator (often abbreviated to PI; also known as a private detective, an inquiry agent or informally a private eye) is a person who can be hired by individuals or groups to undertake investigatory law services. Private investigators often work for attorneys to problem solve in civil and criminal cases.
1954 International League season
The 1954 International League was a Class AAA baseball season played between April 20 and October 2. Eight teams played a 154-game schedule, with the top four teams qualifying for the post-season.

The Syracuse Chiefs won the Governors' Cup, defeating the Montreal Royals in the final round of the playoffs.

Montreal Royals
The Montreal Royals (French: Royaux de Montréal) were a minor league professional baseball team in Montreal, Quebec, during 1897–1917 and 1928–1960. A member of the International League, the Royals were the top farm club (Class AAA) of the Brooklyn Dodgers from 1939; pioneering African-American player Jackie Robinson was a member for the 1946 season. The 1946 Royals were recognized as one of the 100 greatest minor league teams of all time.
Tree of 40 Fruit
A Tree of 40 Fruit is one of a series of fruit trees created by the Syracuse University associate professor Sam Van Aken using the technique of grafting. Each tree produces forty types of stone fruit, of the genus Prunus, ripening sequentially from July to October in the United States.

Fruit tree
A fruit tree is a tree which bears fruit that is consumed or used by animals and humans. All trees that are flowering plants produce fruit, which are the ripened ovaries of flowers containing one or more seeds. In horticultural usage, the term "fruit tree" is limited to those that provide fruit for human food. Types of fruits are described and defined elsewhere (see Fruit), but would include "fruit" in a culinary sense, as well as some nut-bearing trees, such as walnuts.

The scientific study and the cultivation of fruits is called pomology, which divides fruits into groups based on plant morphology and anatomy. Some of those groups are pome fruits, which include apples and pears, and stone fruits, which include peaches/nectarines, almonds, apricots, plums and cherries.
Saint Joseph's University Press
Saint Joseph's University Press is a university press associated with Saint Joseph's University, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The press specializes in books about early modern Catholicism, the visual arts, Jesuit Studies, and the Philadelphia area. The press also publishes journals focused on Gerard Manley Hopkins (The Hopkins Quarterly) and Thomas and Jane Welsh Carlyle (Carlyle Studies Annual).

Saint Joseph's University Press is currently an introductory member of the Association of University Presses (AUP). It was also a founding member of the now-defunct Association of Jesuit University Presses (AJUP).

Association of University Presses
The Association of University Presses (AUPresses) is an association of nonprofit, mostly, but not exclusively, North American university presses. It is based in New York City. Until December 2017, it was known as the Association of American University Presses (AAUP).

In 2021, AUPresses became an affiliate member of the American Council of Learned Societies. AUPresses is also an affiliate member of the International Publishers Association.
NXT TakeOver: Phoenix
NXT TakeOver: Phoenix was the 23rd NXT TakeOver professional wrestling livestreaming event produced by WWE. It was held exclusively for wrestlers from the promotion's NXT brand division. The event aired exclusively on the WWE Network and took place on January 26, 2019, at the Talking Stick Resort Arena in Phoenix, Arizona as part of that year's Royal Rumble weekend.

Five matches were contested at the event. In the main event, Tommaso Ciampa defeated Aleister Black to retain the NXT Championship. In the penultimate match, Shayna Baszler defeated Bianca Belair by technical submission to retain the NXT Women's Championship. In other prominent matches, Johnny Gargano defeated Ricochet to win the NXT North American Championship, and in the opening bout, War Raiders (Hanson and Rowe) defeating The Undisputed Era (Kyle O'Reilly and Roderick Strong) to win the NXT Tag Team Championship.

Professional wrestling strikes
Strikes can be offensive moves in professional wrestling, that can sometimes be used to set up an opponent for a hold or for a throw. There are a wide variety of strikes in pro wrestling, and many are known by several different names. Professional wrestlers frequently give their finishers new names. Occasionally, these names become popular and are used regardless of the wrestler performing the technique.

Professional wrestling contains a variety of punches and kicks found in martial arts and other fighting sports; the moves listed below are more specific to wrestling itself. Many of the moves below can also be performed from a raised platform (the top rope, the ring apron, etc.); these are called aerial variations. Moves are listed under general categories whenever possible.
Büraburg
The Büraburg was a prominent hill castle with historic significance, on the Büraberg hill overlooking the Eder river near the town of Fritzlar in northern Hesse (Germany). Only foundation walls remain, and a church dedicated to St. Brigida.

A Christian monastery was already located on the hill in the seventh century. It was occupied by the Franks c. 690, who fortified it with a castle and kept a mounted garrison there. The Franks supported the missionary efforts of Saint Boniface, who cut down the Donar Oak in nearby Geismar and established a short-lived bishopric in Büraburg.

Gudensberg
Gudensberg (German pronunciation: [ˈɡuːdn̩sˌbɛʁk] ⓘ) is a small town in northern Hesse, Germany. Since the municipal reform in 1974, the nearby villages of Deute, Dissen, Dorla, Gleichen, Maden and Obervorschütz have become parts of the municipality.