hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Qortin Redoubt
Qortin Redoubt (Maltese: Ridott tal-Qortin), also known as Eskalar Redoubt (Maltese: Ridott t'Eskalar), is a redoubt in the limits of Mellieħa, Malta. It was built by the Order of Saint John in 1715–1716 as one of a series of coastal fortifications around the Maltese Islands. The redoubt still exists, but it has some modern modifications.

Mellieħa
Mellieħa (Maltese: il-Mellieħa [ɪl mɛˈlːɪːħɐ]) is a large village in the Northern Region of Malta. It has a population of 11,389 as of 2019. Mellieħa is also a tourist resort, popular for its sandy beaches, natural environment, and Popeye Village nearby.
Brock Anderson
Brock Alexander Lunde (born February 28, 1997), better known by the ring name Brock Anderson, is an American professional wrestler. He is currently signed to Major League Wrestling (MLW). he also makes appearances independent circuit. He is best known for his tenure in All Elite Wrestling (AEW) from 2021 to 2023. He is the son of WWE Hall of Famer Arn Anderson.

Nightmare Family
Nightmare Family was a professional wrestling stable signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW). The group's name derives from "The American Nightmare", the nickname of the faction's leader Cody Rhodes. He described the group as "an ensemble of focused individuals, some who train at the Nightmare Factory (AEW's training facility) together, who just have a singular focus over the sport".  In addition to Rhodes, his brother Dustin Rhodes is a member of the stable; both are the sons of the late Dusty Rhodes.
Spinnaker Island (Lake Burley Griffin)
Spinnaker Island, within Lake Burley Griffin, is located in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. In total there are six islands in the lake, but only three are named.

Spinnaker Island and Springbank Island are both located in the West Basin of the lake. The West Basin extends from the Commonwealth Avenue Bridge to Black Mountain Peninsula.

In 2010, invasive exotic vegetation were found on the island, requiring a controlled burn-off for their removal and to reduce the presence of weeds.

Black Mountain Peninsula
Black Mountain Peninsula, located in Acton, Australian Capital Territory, a suburb of the capital Canberra, is a prominent area on the western region of Lake Burley Griffin. It is popular for water recreation and picnics.
Armenian Infancy Gospel
The Armenian Infancy Gospel (or the Armenian Gospel of the Infancy) is a sixth-century apocryphal infancy gospel based on an older Syriac version which no longer exists. The gospel has two versions, a longer one (37 chapters) and a shorter one (28 chapters). The text includes stories about Virgin Mary's life, her marriage to Joseph, her miraculous birth to Jesus, Jesus's childhood and his later life like the other infancy gospels but with some distinct features.

Gospel of James
The Gospel of James (or the Protoevangelium of James) is a second-century infancy gospel telling of the miraculous conception of Mary, the mother of Jesus, her upbringing and marriage to Joseph, the journey of the couple to Bethlehem, the birth of Jesus, and events immediately following. It is the earliest surviving assertion of the perpetual virginity of Mary, meaning her virginity not just prior to the birth of Jesus, but during and afterwards, and despite being condemned by Pope Innocent I in 405 and classified as apocryphal by the Gelasian Decree around AD 500, became a widely influential source for Mariology.
1987 Open Championship
The 1987 Open Championship was a men's major golf championship and the 116th Open Championship, held from 16 to 19 July at Muirfield Golf Links in Gullane, Scotland. Nick Faldo won the first of his three Open Championships, one stroke ahead of runners-up Paul Azinger and Rodger Davis. It was the first of Faldo's six major championships. It was the first win at The Open by an Englishman since Tony Jacklin in 1969.

This was the thirteenth Open Championship held at Muirfield; the previous was in 1980 and the next in 1992.

1969 Open Championship
The 1969 Open Championship was the 98th Open Championship, held from 9–12 July at the Royal Lytham & St Annes Golf Club in Lytham St Annes, England. Tony Jacklin won the first of his two major championships, two strokes ahead of Bob Charles.

Jacklin was the first Briton to win The Open since 1951, and it was another sixteen years until the next, Sandy Lyle in 1985.

It was the fifth Open Championship at Lytham & St Annes, which has hosted eleven times, most recently in 2012.
Istiqlol
Istiqlol (Russian: Истиклол; Tajik: Истиқлол, formerly Taboshar) is a city in Tajikistan, located in Sughd Region. Istiqlol is a city of regional subordination, administratively subordinated to the regional capital of Khujand.

The first Soviet uranium mine was established in Taboshar during the Second World War. Taboshar was the first of many officially secret Soviet closed cities related to uranium mining and production. In 2022, a contract was agreed for a subsidiary of TVEL to reclaim land on the 8 ha (20 acres) tailings dump, which contains 1.12×10^6 m3 (40×10^6 cu ft) of material.

The population of Istiqlol in 2020 is estimated at 17,600.

Khujand
Khujand, sometimes spelled Khodjent and formerly known as Leninabad from 1936 to 1991, is the second-largest city of Tajikistan and the capital of Tajikistan's northernmost Sughd province.

Khujand is one of the oldest cities in Central Asia, dating back about 2,500 years to the Persian Empire. Situated on the Syr Darya river at the mouth of the Fergana Valley, Khujand was a major city along the ancient Silk Road. After being captured by Alexander the Great in 329 BC, it was renamed Alexandria Eschate and has since been part of various empires in history, including the Umayyad Caliphate (8th century), the Mongol Empire (13th century) and the Russian empire (19th century). Today, the majority of its population are ethnic Tajiks and the city is close to the present borders of both Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan.
Pommes Frites
Pommes Frites is a New York City restaurant which specializes in Belgian-style fries. The restaurant was located in the East Village at 123 2nd Avenue (near 7th Street), but relocated to 128 MacDougal Street after the original building was destroyed in a 2015 natural gas explosion.

Second Avenue (Manhattan)
Second Avenue is located on the East Side of the New York City borough of Manhattan extending from Houston Street at its south end to the Harlem River Drive at 128th Street at its north end. A one-way street, vehicular traffic on Second Avenue runs southbound (downtown) only, except for a one-block segment of the avenue in Harlem. South of Houston Street, the roadway continues as Chrystie Street south to Canal Street.

A bicycle lane runs in the leftmost lane of Second Avenue from 125th to Houston Streets. The section from 55th to 34th Streets closes a gap in the Manhattan Waterfront Greenway.

Second Avenue passes through a number of Manhattan neighborhoods including (from south to north) the Lower East Side, the East Village, Stuyvesant Square, Kips Bay, Tudor City, Turtle Bay, East Midtown, Lenox Hill, Yorkville and Spanish Harlem.
Stenandriopsis
Stenandriopsis is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Acanthaceae. It includes 20 species native to tropical Africa and Madagascar. Molecular phylogenies have placed the Old World Stenandriopsis apart from New World Stenandrium, and the genus is accepted in a classification of the family Acanthaceae published in 2022.

Acanthaceae
Acanthaceae (/ækænˈθeɪsiːˌaɪ, -siˌi/) is a family (the acanthus family) of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing almost 250 genera and about 2500 species. Most are tropical herbs, shrubs, or twining vines; some are epiphytes. Only a few species are distributed in temperate regions. The four main centres of distribution are Indonesia and Malaysia, Africa, Brazil, and Central America. Representatives of the family can be found in nearly every habitat, including dense or open forests, scrublands, wet fields and valleys, sea coast and marine areas, swamps, and mangrove forests.
2012 Independent Spirit Awards
The 2012 Independent Spirit Awards can refer to:

27th Independent Spirit Awards, a ceremony held in 2012, honoring the films of 2011

28th Independent Spirit Awards, a ceremony held in 2013, honoring the films of 2012

28th Independent Spirit Awards
The 28th Independent Spirit Awards, honoring the best independent films of 2012, were presented on February 23, 2013. The nominations were announced on November 27, 2012. The ceremony was hosted by Andy Samberg.
Cabazon, California
Cabazon (Spanish: Cabazón) is an unincorporated community in Riverside County, California, United States. Cabazon is on the Pacific Crest Trail.
In the 21st century, the area has become a tourist stop, due to the Morongo Casino, Resort & Spa and Desert Hills Premium Outlets. The population was 2,629 during the 2020 census. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Cabazon as a census-designated place (CDP).

Interstate 10 in California
Interstate 10 (I-10) is a transcontinental Interstate Highway in the United States, stretching from Santa Monica, California, to Jacksonville, Florida. The segment of I-10 in California, also known as the Pearl Harbor Memorial Highway, runs east from Santa Monica through Los Angeles, San Bernardino, and Palm Springs before crossing into the state of Arizona. In the Greater Los Angeles area, it is known as the Santa Monica and San Bernardino freeways, linked by a short concurrency on I-5 (Golden State Freeway) at the East Los Angeles Interchange. I-10 also has parts designated as the Rosa Parks and Sonny Bono Memorial freeways. Some parts were also formerly designated as the Christopher Columbus Transcontinental Highway. However, the California State Legislature removed this designation following the passage of a bill on August 31, 2022. I-10 is also known colloquially as "the 10" to Southern California residents (See also California English § Freeways).
Taebaeksaukia
Taebaeksaukia spinata is a species of trilobites in the family Dikelocephalidae, which existed in what is now Korea during the upper Furongian period. It was described in 2011, and is the only species in the genus Taebaeksaukia.

Dikelocephalidae
Dikelocephalidae is a family of trilobites, that lived during the Upper Cambrian. Relatively large eyes close to the glabella, is a shared characteristic. The following genera have been assigned to this family:
Chalongphob Sussangkarn
Chalongphob Sussangkarn (Thai: ฉลองภพ สุสังกร์กาญจน์, RTGS: Chalongphop Sutsangkan, 10 April 1950 – 23 August 2024) was a Thai economist. He was the President of the Thailand Development Research Institute and later served as  Minister of Finance in Surayud Chulanont's military junta. An ethnic Chinese of Hainanese origin, he replaced Pridiyathorn Devakula after Pridiyathorn abruptly resigned. Chalongphob joined several other TDRI-affiliated individuals who had Cabinet-level seats in the junta, including Deputy Prime Minister and Industry Minister Kosit Panpiemras and Energy Minister Piyasvasti Amranand.  Prior to joining the cabinet, Chalongphob had no experience in government and was an economist.

Kosit Panpiemras
Kosit Panpiemras (28 May 1943 – 1 June 2016) was a Thai businessman and politician. He was chairman of Bangkok Bank, a leading Thai commercial bank, between 1999 and 2016. Following the 2006 Thailand coup, he was appointed advisor to the military junta. He previously held a number of cabinet posts under different government administrations.  He died of cancer on 1 June 2016.
Samsung Galaxy Tab A 8.0
The Samsung Galaxy Tab A 8.0 is an Android-based tablet computer produced and marketed by Samsung Electronics. It belongs to the mid-range "A" line, which also includes a 9.7 inch model, the Samsung Galaxy Tab A 9.7. It was announced in March 2015, and subsequently released on 1 May 2015. It is available in Wi-Fi–only and Wi-Fi/4G versions.

Android Oreo
Android Oreo (codenamed Android O during development) is the eighth major release and the 15th version of the Android mobile operating system.

It was initially unveiled as an alpha quality developer preview in March 2017 and later made available to the public on August 21, 2017.

It contains several major features, including notification channels, picture-in-picture support for video, performance improvements, and battery usage optimization, and support for autofillers, Bluetooth 5, system-level integration with VoIP apps, wide color gamuts, and Wi-Fi Aware. Android Oreo also introduces two major platform features: Android Go – a software distribution of the operating system for low-end devices – and support for implementing a hardware abstraction layer.

As of January 2026, 2.56% of devices ran Android Oreo, with 1.08% on 8.0 and 1.48% on 8.1. Android Oreo was discontinued and no longer received security updates after October 2021.
Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups
The Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups (or HKFYG, Chinese: 香港青年協會) is a non-profit organization in Hong Kong, committed to develop youth services. Founded in 1960, the Federation has since been involved in providing activities and facilities for the physical, social, educational, cultural development of Hong Kong's youth.

Their services can be divided into 12 core areas. Each year, HKFYG offers more than 10,000 activities organized by over 60 service units with 5 million participants annually. The HKFYG also took an active role in anti-drug campaign in secondary schools in Hong Kong. They have made 30,000 "Anti-drug in School Resources Packs" and distributed them to secondary schools. "Decoding Life" is also a new counseling service provided by HKFYG. It helps teenagers to avoid group violence and teaches them conflict handling skills.

Yuen Long
Yuen Long is a town in the western north New Territories, Hong Kong. To its west lie Hung Shui Kiu (洪水橋), Tin Shui Wai, Lau Fau Shan and Ha Tsuen, to the south Shap Pat Heung and Tai Tong, to the east Au Tau and Kam Tin (錦田), and to the north Nam Sang Wai.
Shamaa
Shamaa (Arabic: شمع) is a village and municipality in the Tyre District of Lebanon's South Governorate, about 25 kilometres southeast of Tyre and some 99 kilometres south of Beirut.

It is especially known for its historical castle on a strategic hill overlooking the coastal plain of Tyre and Naqoura.

The United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) Sector West headquarters, led by the contingent of the Italian army, are based on a neighbouring hill.

Lebanese Shia Muslims
Lebanese Shia Muslims (Arabic: المسلمون الشيعة اللبنانيون), historically and communally known as Matāwila (Arabic: متاولة, plural of متوالي mutawāli; pronounced as متوالي metouéle in Lebanese Arabic), are Lebanese people who are adherents of Shia Islam in Lebanon, which plays a major role alongside Lebanon's main Sunni, Maronite and Druze sects. Shiite Muslims in Lebanon are synonymous with Twelver Shi'ism and are distinguished from Alawites and Isma'ilis.

Today, Shiite Muslims constitute around 31.2% of the Lebanese population per the CIA's World Factbook. Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon, Shiites are the only sect eligible for the post of Speaker of Parliament.
2009 British Rowing Championships
The 2009 British Rowing Championships were the 38th edition of the National Championships, held from 17 to 19 July 2009 at the National Water Sports Centre in Holme Pierrepont, Nottingham. They were organised and sanctioned by British Rowing, and are open to British rowers.

British Rowing Championships
The British Rowing Championships usually take place every year and are normally held at the National Water Sports Centre, Holme Pierrepont (Nottingham), with occasional championships held at the Strathclyde Country Park. The championships originally incorporated Senior and Junior crews but in 2013 they were held separately for the first time. The Junior events ran without issues, but from 2019-2023 the senior championships did not run due to lack of entries. In 2024, the championships recombined. It is a major event for club rowers and schools and events are held for open, women, open junior, women's junior, under 23, lightweight, adaptive and coastal boats.

Each crew member of the first, second and third placed crews in each event receive gold, silver and bronze medals respectively. The club champion in each event (i.e. the highest placed non-composite crew) also receives a wooden club champions plaque to display in their clubhouse.
Tamara Saulwick
Tamara Saulwick is a performance-maker, director and dramaturge from Melbourne, Australia. She makes contemporary performance pieces for theatres and public spaces. Since 2017 she has had the role of Artistic Director of Melbourne arts company Chamber Made, who are creators of original works at the meeting point of sound, music and performance.

Arts House
37°48′12″S 144°57′00″E﻿ / ﻿37.803437°S 144.950073°E﻿ / -37.803437; 144.950073

Arts House is a centre for contemporary performance and interactive artforms in Melbourne, Australia. Established in 2006, it is a program of the City of Melbourne.

It supports and presents a range of experimental theatre, live art, contemporary dance and similar types of performance, by Australian and international artists.
History of East Asia
The history of East Asia generally encompasses the histories of China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, and Taiwan from prehistoric times to the present. Each of its countries has a different national history, but East Asian Studies scholars maintain that the region is also characterized by a distinct pattern of historical development. This is evident in the relationships among traditional East Asian civilizations, which not only involve the sum total of historical patterns but also a specific set of patterns that has affected all or most of traditional East Asia in successive layers.

Scholar-official
The scholar-officials, also known as literati, scholar-gentlemen or scholar-bureaucrats (Chinese: 士大夫; pinyin: shì dàfū), were government officials and prestigious scholars in Chinese society, forming a distinct social class.

Scholar-officials were politicians and government officials appointed by the emperor of China to perform day-to-day political duties from the Han dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty in 1912, China's last imperial dynasty. After the Sui dynasty these officials mostly came from the scholar-gentry (紳士 shēnshì) who had earned academic degrees (such as xiucai, juren, or jinshi) by passing the imperial examinations. Scholar-officials were the elite class of imperial China. They were highly educated, especially in literature and the arts, including calligraphy and Confucian texts. They dominated the government administration and local life of China until the early 20th century.
Saoterus
Saoterus (Greek: Σαώτερος ὁ Νικομηδεύς; died 182) was a Bithynian Greek freedman from Nicomedia who served as the Roman Emperor Commodus's palace chamberlain (a cubiculo). His career is sketched by Herodian, Dio Cassius and the Historia Augusta. Commodus preferred to exercise his rule through palace officials and Saoterus was the first of these; Saoterus was seen as in the Emperor's favour at the outset of his reign, as he accompanied Commodus in his chariot when he made his ceremonial entry into Rome on 22 October 180. Commodus  placed him in a high position in his government, resulting in resentment from noble senatorial families. The Historia Augusta, apparently drawing on the testimony of Marius Maximus, insinuates that Commodus had a homosexual infatuation with Saoterus. After the attempt on Commodus's life in 182, Saoterus was implicated in the plot by the praetorian prefect Tigidius Perennis, and was murdered by the freedman Cleander, who succeeded him as chamberlain.

Cassius Dio
Lucius Cassius Dio (c. 165 – c. 235), also known as Dio Cassius (Ancient Greek: Δίων Κάσσιος Dion Kassios), was a Roman historian and senator of maternal Greek origin. He published 80 volumes of the history of ancient Rome, beginning with the arrival of Aeneas in Italy. The volumes documented the subsequent founding of Rome (753 BC), the formation of the Republic (509 BC), and the creation of the Empire (27 BC) up until 229 AD, during the reign of Severus Alexander. Written in Koine Greek over 22 years, Dio's work covers approximately 1,000 years of history.

Many of his books have survived intact, alongside summaries edited by later authors such as Xiphilinus, a Byzantine monk of the 11th century, and Zonaras, a Byzantine chronicler of the 12th century.
Derium
Derium or Derion (Ancient Greek: Δήριον) was a town of ancient Acarnania. The city is attested by epigraphic Greek inscriptions of the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE, among which are a record of theorodokoi receiving theoroi of Nemea dated to 331/0–313 BCE, an inscription in the sanctuary of Asclepius at Epidaurus where proxenos is named as a citizen of Derium, and a treaty between the Ateolians and Acarnanians of the 3rd century BCE. The inhabitants of Derium are also mentioned by Diodorus, which indicates that towards the year 314  BCE, they settled in Agrinium on the advice of Cassander.

Its site is located near the modern Skourtou.

Nemea
Nemea (/ˈniːmiə/; Ancient Greek: Νεμέα; Ionic Greek: Νεμέη) is an ancient site in the northeastern part of the Peloponnese, in Greece. Formerly part of the territory of Cleonae in ancient Argolis, it is today situated in the regional unit of Corinthia. The small village of Archaia Nemea (formerly known as "Iraklion") is immediately southwest of the archaeological site, while the new town of Nemea lies to the west.

In Greek mythology, Nemea was the location of Heracles's battle with the Nemean Lion, and in antiquity it was site of the Nemean Games (ending c. 235 BC), which were celebrated in the eleven Nemean odes of Pindar.
Mahoning Valley (geographic)
The Mahoning Valley is a geographic valley encompassing Northeast Ohio and a small portion of Western Pennsylvania that drains into the Mahoning River. According to information at the bottom of Page 321 in a publication by the Ohio Secretary of State's Office, the river name comes from an Indian word meaning “at the licks.”

Mahoning Valley
The Youngstown–Warren, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area, typically known as the Mahoning Valley, is a metropolitan area in Northeast Ohio with Youngstown, Ohio, at its center. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the metropolitan statistical area (MSA) includes Mahoning and Trumbull counties. As of the 2020 census, the region had a population of 430,591, making it the 125th-largest metro area in the country.

Taking its name from the Mahoning River, the area has a large commuter population that works in Cleveland and Pittsburgh and their metropolitan areas. It is located in the Rust Belt, the former industrial region of the northern United States. The Youngstown–Warren–Salem combined statistical area adds the Salem micropolitan area and Columbiana County, Ohio to the region, increasing the total population to 532,468. The Youngstown–Warren media market serves all three counties in the CSA, as well as the Pennsylvania counties of Mercer and Lawrence.