hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
QSI International School of Shenzhen
The QSI International School of Shenzhen (QSI Shenzhen; QSI 深圳蛇口科爱赛国际学校) is an international school located in the Nanshan District of Shekou, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. It is part of the Quality Schools International (QSI) organization.

Previously, the school operated as two separate institutions: QSI International School of Shekou (蛇口科爱赛国际学校) and QSI International School of Shenzhen. QSI Shekou served students aged 2–18, while QSI Shenzhen enrolled students aged 2–13. As of 2018 it is one of eight schools in Shenzhen designated for children of foreign personnel. QSI also has several athletic achievements, such as winning the SISAC boys soccer tournament in 2024.

Quality Schools International
Quality Schools International (QSI) is a group of non-profit international schools offering education in the English language, in a number of countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, South and North America. The first school was founded in 1971. The organization's world headquarters is located in Malta. The organization's founders and co-presidents are Jim Gilson and Duane Root.
Panasonic Lumix DMC-FZ38
The Panasonic Lumix DMC-FZ38 is a superzoom bridge digital camera, replacing the similar Panasonic Lumix DMC-FZ28 and earlier Panasonic Lumix DMC-FZ18. It is also known as the DMC-FZ35 in North America.

Superzoom
A superzoom or ultrazoom lens is a type of photographic zoom lens with unconventionally large focal length factors, typically ranging from wide angle to extreme long lens focal lengths in one lens. There is no clear definition of a superzoom lens, but the name generally covers lenses that have a range well above the 3× or 4× (e.g., 28-85 mm or 70-210 mm) of a standard zoom lens, with lenses being 10×, 12×, 18×, or above considered superzoom.

Advantages of a superzoom lens include compositional flexibility, reduced need to swap lenses, and enhanced portability by consolidating the functionality of multiple lenses into one. Due to trade-offs in the optical design, superzoom lenses are noted for having poorer optical quality at the extreme ends of their zoom ranges, often due to distortion. The longer focal lengths are usually accompanied by optical image stabilization in order to be usable handheld.
Jashobeam
Jashobeam, Jesbaam or Jesbaham (fl. 10th or 9th century BC), also called Josheb-Basshebeth and possibly Adino the Eznite, was chief of the Three Mighty Warriors, and an officer appointed under King David in charge of the first division of 24,000 men, on duty for the first month of the year, according to the list given in 1 Chronicles 27. Jashobeam was a Benjamite from Hakmon (he is variously called a "Hakmonite" or "Tahkemonite"). His father was Zabdiel, a descendant of Korah. He was also a descendant of Pharez of the Tribe of Judah.

Korahites
The Korahites (Hebrew: קרחי, Qārəḥî; also בני קרח, bənê Qōraḥ, "sons of Korah") in the Bible were the portion of the Kohathites that descended from the Sons of Korah. They were an important branch of the singers of the Kohathite division (2 Chronicles 20:19).
Kysyl-Syr, Vilyuysky District, Sakha Republic
Kysyl-Syr (Russian: Кысыл-Сыр; Yakut: Кыһыл Сыыр, Kıhıl Sıır) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Vilyuysky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 73 kilometers (45 mi) from Vilyuysk, the administrative center of the district. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 3,106.

Vilyuysk
Vilyuysk (Russian: Вилюйск, IPA: [vʲɪˈlʲʉjsk]; Yakut: Бүлүү, Bülüü) is a town and the administrative center of Vilyuysky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located on the Vilyuy River (left tributary of the Lena), about 600 kilometers (370 mi) from Yakutsk, the capital of the republic. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 10,234.
Enumeration reducibility
In computability theory, enumeration reducibility (or e-reducibility for short) is a specific type of reducibility. Roughly speaking, A is enumeration-reducible to B if an enumeration of B can be algorithmically converted to an enumeration of A. In particular, if B is computably enumerable, then A also is.

Oracle machine
In complexity theory and computability theory, an oracle machine is an abstract machine that can query a black box called an oracle, which is able to give an answer to any instance of a certain problem ⁠⁠ in a single operation. The problem ⁠⁠ can be of any complexity class, or it can even be an undecidable problem such as the halting problem. If another problem ⁠⁠ is reducible to ⁠⁠ in polynomial time, then the oracle machine (with the ⁠⁠-oracle) can solve ⁠⁠ in polynomial time; one can say that ⁠⁠ is in the relativized complexity class ⁠⁠. Other relativized complexity classes such as ⁠⁠ can be defined analogously.
Gerd-e Siah (1)
Gerd-e Siah (Persian: گردسياه, also Romanized as Gerd-e Sīāh) is a village in Fin Rural District, Fin District, Bandar Abbas County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 122, in 25 families.

Fin Rural District
Fin Rural District (Persian: دهستان فین) is in Fin District of Bandar Abbas County, Hormozgan province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Fin. The rural district is home to the centuries-old Fin Castle.
EMBO Membership
Membership of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO Member)  is an award granted by the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) in recognition of "research excellence and the outstanding achievements made by a life scientist".

As of 2018, 88 EMBO Members and Associate Members have been awarded Nobel Prizes in either Physiology or Medicine, Chemistry or Physics. See Category:Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization for examples of EMBO members.

European Molecular Biology Organization
The European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) is a professional, non-profit organization of more than 2,100 life scientists. Its goal is to promote research in life science and enable international exchange between scientists. It co-funds courses, workshops and conferences, publishes five scientific journals and supports individual scientists.  The organization was founded in 1964 and is a founding member of the Initiative for Science in Europe. As of 2022 the Director of EMBO is Fiona Watt, a stem cell researcher, professor at King's College London and a group leader at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory.
Lower George Hotel
The Lower George Hotel, now the Lower George Inn, is a grade II listed building at 121 Westgate Street, Gloucester.

For some time the building was home to the 'Pig Inn the City', which closed in 2011. After refurbishment it has opened again under its original name.

Westgate, Gloucester
The Westgate area of Gloucester is centred on Westgate Street, one of the four main streets of Gloucester and one of the oldest parts of the city. The population of the Westgate ward in Gloucester was 6,687 at the time of the 2011 Census.
José de Iturrigaray
José Joaquín Vicente de Iturrigaray y Aróstegui, KOS (27 June 1742, Cádiz, Spain – 22 August 1815, Madrid) was a Spanish military officer and viceroy of New Spain, from 4 January 1803 to 16 September 1808, during Napoleon's invasion of Spain and the establishment of a Bonapartist regime in Spain. His plans to form a provisional autonomous government led to his arrest and deposition.

Manuel Godoy
Manuel de Godoy y Álvarez de Faria Ríos, 1st Prince of the Peace (12 May 1767 – 4 October 1851) was First Secretary of State of the Kingdom of Spain from 1792 to 1797 and from 1801 to 1808. He was one of the central Spanish political figures during the rise of Napoleon and his invasion of Spain. Godoy came to power at a young age as the favourite of King Charles IV and Queen Maria Luisa, with whom he had a sexual relationship. He has been partly blamed for the Anglo-Spanish War of 1796–1808 that weakened the Spanish Empire. Godoy's unmatched power ended in 1808 with the Tumult of Aranjuez, which forced him into a long exile. He died in Paris in 1851.
Gujarat Common Entrance Test
Gujarat Common Entrance Test (GCET) is an annual common entrance exam for MBA and MCA studies in Gujarat, India, since 2002. Every year it is conducted between March and August. Gujarat Technological University was inaugurated in October 2007. Then, it started conducting GCET.

Gujarat University
The Gujarat University is a public state university located at Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. The university is an affiliating university at the under-graduate level and a teaching university at the post graduate level. It is accredited A+ by NAAC. It was established on 23 November 1949.
Youngstown Belt Railroad
The Youngstown Belt Railroad (reporting mark YB) is a part of the Ohio Central Railroad System, which was bought by Genesee & Wyoming Inc. in 2008, serving the area northwest of Youngstown, Ohio. It began operations in 1997, mainly on ex-Erie Railroad trackage owned by the affiliated Warren and Trumbull Railroad (W&T), which acquired the "Lordstown Cluster" from Conrail in 1996. It also leases a short ex-Baltimore and Ohio Railroad segment from CSX Transportation, formerly operated by the W&T.

The company operates in three separate areas near Warren, Niles, and Youngstown, connected by trackage rights over the Norfolk Southern Railway. In addition to its connections with affiliated railroads – the Warren and Trumbull Railroad at Warren, Ohio and Youngstown and Austintown Railroad at Youngstown, Ohio – it interchanges in Youngstown, Ohio with Norfolk Southern at Youngstown, Ohio and with CSX at Ohio Junction. The track spans 5 miles and is rated for rail cars up to 286,000 pounds.

Ohio Central Railroad System
The Ohio Central Railroad System (reporting mark OHCR) is a network of ten short line railroads operating in Ohio and western Pennsylvania. It is owned by Genesee & Wyoming.

Headquartered in Coshocton, Ohio, the system operates 500 miles (800 km) of track divided among 10 subsidiary railroads. Most of the system's routes were divested from Class I railroads and connect industries to the Class I railroads.

The Ohio Central operates on track owned by other entities, including a line from Newark, Ohio to Mount Vernon, Ohio owned by CSX and the old Panhandle Route, owned by the State of Ohio.
Roman Baths
Roman baths are thermae.

Historic examples of Roman Baths include:

Aïn Doura Baths, a ruin in Dougga, Tunisia

Għajn Tuffieħa Roman Baths, a ruin in Malta

Roman Baths of Ankara, a ruin in Ankara, Turkey

Roman Baths (Bath), a well-preserved site in England

Roman Baths, Beirut, Lebanon

Roman baths of Toledo, a ruin in Toledo, Spain

Roman Baths Museum, inside the remains of the fortress of Isca Augusta at Caerleon, Wales

Roman Baths, Strand Lane, a cold spring bath near London, reputedly of Roman origin

Roman baths (Amman), Jordan

Thermae Bath Spa, a historic spa with a contemporary spa in Bath, England

Welwyn Roman Baths, a ruin near Welwyn Garden City, England

Roman baths of Gafsa, Tunisia

Aïn Doura Baths
The Aïn Doura Baths are a series of Roman-era ruins located in Dougga, Tunisia. The site contains ruins from a Roman bath dating to the 4th century, and is considered an important archaeological heritage site by the National Heritage Institute of Tunisia.
Illegal housing in India
Illegal housing in India consists of huts or shanties built on land not owned by the residents (i.e., squatting) and illegal buildings constructed on land not owned by the builders or developers. Although illegal buildings may afford some basic services, such as electricity, in general, illegal housing does not provide services that afford for healthy, safe environments.

Collapses of illegal buildings made with inadequate building supplies and practices may result in the deaths of their occupants. A recent example is the 4 April 2013 collapse of an eight-story building in the Shil Phata area of Mumbra, in the greater Mumbai area; 72 people were killed in the collapse.

Strategies to curb or mitigate illegal housing include creating more affordable housing structures, redeveloping the safe illegal buildings, developing a plan of action for residents of shanties or illegal buildings, and policing the construction of illegal buildings or shanties.

Shil Phata
Shil Phata or Shilphata is an area about 5 kilometres (3.1 miles) south of Mumbra, in the Thane city of Maharashtra under Thane Municipal Corporation, India. Shil Phata is located east of Parsik Hills on the old Mumbai-Pune Road (National Highway 4).

It is a site of attraction for building projects and is under rapid development phase.

The proposed Monorail project between Mahape and Kalyan, which will pass through Shilphata, is expected to ease commuting and may also impact the property prices in the area.
Transitional ballistics
Transitional ballistics, also known as intermediate ballistics, is the study of a projectile's behavior from the time it leaves the muzzle until the pressure behind the projectile is equalized, so it lies between internal ballistics and external ballistics.

Muzzle brake
A muzzle brake or recoil compensator is a device connected to, or a feature integral (ported barrel) to the construction of, the muzzle or barrel of a firearm or cannon that is intended to redirect a portion of propellant gases to counter recoil and unwanted muzzle rise. Barrels with an integral muzzle brake are often said to be ported.

The concept of a muzzle brake was first introduced for artillery. It was a common feature on many anti-tank guns, especially those mounted on tanks, in order to reduce the area needed to take up the strokes of recoil and kickback. They have been used in various forms for rifles and pistols to help control recoil and the rising of the barrel that normally occurs after firing. They are used on pistols for practical pistol competitions, and are usually called compensators in this context.
Tacarcuna
Tacarcuna is a genus of plants in the Phyllanthaceae first described as a genus in 1989. It is native to Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, and Peru. It is apparently dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants.

Species

Tacarcuna amanoifolia Huft - Loreto Region in Peru; Amazonas Department in Colombia

Tacarcuna gentryi Huft - Darién Province in Panama, Magdalena Department in Colombia

Tacarcuna tachirensis Huft - Táchira State in Venezuela

Tacarcuna gentryi
Tacarcuna gentryi is a species of plants in the family Phyllanthaceae first described as a species in 1989.

The species has been collected in Darién Province in Panama and also in Magdalena Department in Colombia
Sankt Eriksbron
Sankt Eriksbron (English: "The St Eric Bridge") is a bridge in central Stockholm, Sweden.  Passing over Barnhusviken it connects Kungsholmen to Norrmalm.  The present construction was inaugurated in 1937.  Neighbouring bridges are: Kungsbron, Barnhusbron, Stadshusbron, Klarabergsviadukten, and Ekelundsbron.

Stadshusbron
Stadshusbron (Swedish: "The City Hall Bridge"), formerly known as Nya Kungsholmsbron ("The New Kungsholm Bridge") is a bridge in central Stockholm, Sweden located just north of the Stockholm City Hall.  Stretching over Klara sjö ("Lake Klara"), it connects mainland Norrmalm on the eastern shore to the island Kungsholmen on the western shore.

Strong population growth on Kungsholmen caused a first bridge to be built on the location in 1669–1672.  It was a 500 metres long pontoon bridge forming an angle on the southern side of the strait, at the time presumably the longest bridge in Europe.  It was rebuilt first in 1709 and a second time in 1766–1772.  By that time, however, the strait had been made considerably narrower by land fillings.  The original bridge was replaced by a steel swing bridge in 1868.  In connection to the construction of the City Hall in 1917–1919, the present 19 metres wide double-leafed drawbridge was  built.  The drawbridge was finally closed in 1949.
660 Crescentia
660 Crescentia is a minor planet orbiting the Sun that was discovered by American astronomer Joel Hastings Metcalf on January 8, 1908.
The name may have been inspired by the asteroid's provisional designation 1908 CC.  Peter Ting points out that the Rev. Joel Metcalf of Taunton (Massachusetts) discovered six asteroids with unexplained names, though listed in Lutz Schmadel's book.  Ting used an on-line planetarium website to help with the location of some of the planets, playing back to the night of discovery.  He noticed that there was a crescent moon (33%) low in the western sky and wonders if the Rev. Metcalf could have named the asteroid for the Moon. Crescentia would be a very unusual name for a person but not for a phase of the Moon.

Crescentia is a member of the dynamic Maria family of asteroids that most likely formed as the result of a collisional breakup of a parent body.

Maria family
The Maria family (adj. Marian; FIN: 506; also known as the Roma family) is a collisional asteroid family located in the inner parts of the intermediate asteroid belt, near the 1:3 Kirkwood gap. The family consist of several thousand  stony S-type asteroids. It is named after its parent body and lowest numbered member, the asteroid 170 Maria.: 23  It is also known as the Roma family, named after its alternative parent body, 472 Roma.

The family was initially identified by Japanese astronomer Kiyotsugu Hirayama in 1918. Asteroids in this family typically have a semi-major axis between 2.52−2.62 AU, and an inclination of 12 to 17°.
Khan al-Tujjar (Mount Tabor)
Khan al-Tujjar (Heb: חַנוֹת תָגַרִים Khanot Tagarim), lit. "Merchant's Caravanserai", also called Suq al-Khan, was a caravanserai in the Lower Galilee, Israel, opposite the entrance to Beit Keshet, now in ruins.

Victor Guérin
Victor Guérin (French pronunciation: [viktɔʁ ɡeʁɛ̃]; 15 September 1821 – 21 September 1890) was a French intellectual, explorer and amateur archaeologist. He published books describing the geography, archeology and history of the areas he explored, which included Greece, Asia Minor, North Africa, Lebanon, Syria and Palestine.
José Manuel Ochotorena
José Manuel Ochotorena Santacruz (16 January 1961 – 26 October 2025) was a Spanish professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

He appeared in 167 La Liga matches over 11 seasons, with Real Madrid, Valencia, Tenerife, Logroñés and Racing de Santander, winning five titles with the first of those clubs. He was part of the Spain squad at the 1990 World Cup.

After retiring, Ochotorena became a goalkeeping coach, working for over two decades with Valencia and the Spain national team and also spending three seasons at Liverpool in the Premier League.

1988–89 La Liga
The 1988–89 La Liga season was the 58th since its establishment. It began on 3 September 1988, and concluded on 25 June 1989.

Real Madrid finished the season as champions for the fourth year running, while Barcelona recovered under new coach Johan Cruyff to finish second.
Andrea Baldini
Andrea Baldini (born 19 December 1985) is an Italian foil fencer, several-time European and World champion and team Olympic champion in 2012. He is the only foil fencer in history to have obtained four golds (European and World - individual and team event) and the final victory in the World Cup in the same season.

Italian National Olympic Committee
The Italian National Olympic Committee (Italian: Comitato Olimpico Nazionale Italiano, CONI; IOC Code: ITA), founded in 1914 and a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), is responsible for the development and management of sports activity in Italy. Within Italy, CONI recognizes 48 national sports federations, 15 associate sports disciplines, 14 promotional sports organizations, and 19 organizations for the betterment of sports.

In total 95,000 sports clubs with 11,000,000 members are recognized. Its 2016 annual budget is 412,900,000 euros which is primarily funded by the Italian government.
Stellenbosch F.C.
Stellenbosch Football Club is a professional football club based in Stellenbosch, South Africa. Founded in 2016 following the relocation of Vasco da Gama FC to Stellenbosch, the club is the first Premier Soccer League team from the Cape Winelands region and was promoted to the South African Premiership in 2019. The first team plays its home matches at the Danie Craven Stadium.

Domestically, the club has won the National First Division in 2019, earning promotion to the top-flight for the first time in the process, and the 2023 Carling Knockout Cup, which saw the team become the inaugural champions of the revamped competition. Stellenbosch have also twice competed in the continental CAF Confederation Cup and reached the semi-final stage of the competition in the club's first appearance during the 2024-25 season.

Carling Knockout Cup
The Carling Knockout Cup is a South African professional soccer knockout competition which comprises the 16 teams in the South African Premiership.  It is the third of the three main cups administered by the PSL along with the MTN 8 and the Nedbank Cup.  The competition was first held in 1982 as the Datsun Challenge, and in 2023 under its current sponsored name.
Jack Pleis
Jack K. Pleis (May 11, 1917 – December 5, 1990) was an American jazz pianist, arranger, conductor, composer and producer. He recorded on London and Decca Records in the 1950s, and Columbia Records in the 1960s. During the course of his career, Pleis worked with many artists, including Louis Armstrong, Harry Belafonte,  Bing Crosby, Sammy Davis Jr., Benny Goodman, Earl Grant, Brenda Lee, and Joe Williams. Between 1950 and 1976, more than 150 songs were arranged by Pleis. His surname is pronounced "Pleece" (to rhyme with "fleece").

Benny Goodman
Benjamin David Goodman (May 30, 1909 – June 13, 1986) was an American jazz clarinetist and bandleader, known as the "King of Swing". His orchestra did well commercially.

From 1935 until the mid-1940s, Goodman led one of the most popular swing big bands in the United States. His concert at Carnegie Hall in New York City on January 16, 1938, is described by critic Bruce Eder as "the single most important jazz or popular music concert in history: jazz's 'coming out' party to the world of 'respectable' music."

Goodman's bands started the careers of many jazz musicians. During an era of racial segregation, he led one of the first integrated jazz groups, his trio and quartet. He continued performing until the end of his life while pursuing an interest in classical music.
Henry Plummer
Henry Plummer (c. 1832–January 10, 1864) was a prospector, lawman, and outlaw in the American West in the 1850s and 1860s, who was known to have killed several men. He was elected sheriff of what was then Bannack, Idaho Territory, in 1863 and served until 1864, during which period he was accused of being the leader of a "road agent" gang of outlaws known as the "Innocents," who preyed on shipments from what was then Virginia City, Idaho Territory to other areas. In response some leaders in Virginia City formed the Vigilance Committee of Alder Gulch and began to take action against Plummer's gang, gaining confessions from a couple of men they arrested in early January 1864. On January 10, 1864, Plummer and two associates were arrested in Bannack by a company of the vigilantes and summarily hanged. Plummer was given a posthumous mock trial in 1993 which led to a mistrial. The jury was split 6–6.

Nevada City, California
Nevada City is a city in and the county seat of Nevada County, California, United States, 60 miles (97 km) northeast of Sacramento, 84 miles (135 km) southwest of Reno and 147 miles (237 km) northeast of San Francisco. The population was 3,152 as of the 2020 census.