hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Lawson Stoddard
John Lawson Stoddard (April 24, 1850 – June 5, 1931) was an American lecturer, author and photographer. He was a pioneer in the use of the stereopticon or magic lantern, adding photographs to his popular lectures about his travels around the world. Because he published books related to his travels, he is credited with developing the genre of travelogues.

In 1935, Daniel Crane Taylor wrote, "Stoddard's rise to fame was spectacular and unprecedented in the annals of American entertainers. No American lecturer, musician or actor has ever won so large a following in so short a time. From his second season, almost every lecture was sold out…He filled Daly's Theatre, one of the largest in New York, fifty times a season for ten years. …This would mean that Stoddard alone drew approximately one hundred thousand persons in New York each year."

Magic lantern
The magic lantern, also known by its Latin name lanterna magica, is an early type of image projector that uses pictures—paintings, prints, or photographs—on transparent plates (usually made of glass), one or more lenses, and a light source. Because a single lens inverts an image projected through it (as in the phenomenon which inverts the image of a camera obscura), slides are inserted upside down in the magic lantern, rendering the projected image correctly oriented.

It was mostly developed in the 17th century and commonly used for entertainment purposes. It was increasingly used for education during the 19th century. Since the late 19th century, smaller versions were also mass-produced as toys. The magic lantern was in wide use from the 18th century until the mid-20th century when it was superseded by a compact version that could hold many 35 mm photographic slides: the slide projector.
1962 Turkish coup attempt
The 1962 attempted coup in Turkey (also known as the February 22 Incident) was led by the Commander of the Turkish Military Academy, Staff Colonel Talat Aydemir and his associates, who were opposed to the democratically elected government in Turkey. Despite taking control of much of Ankara, the coup leaders quickly realised they could not prevail and surrendered without any loss of life occurring. Talat Aydemir went on to lead a further coup attempt in 1963.

Yassıada trials
The Yassıada Trials were a series of criminal cases in Turkey brought by the military regime against politicians of the formerly ruling Democrat Party. Following the coup which removed the Democrats from power on May 27, 1960, the military junta known as the National Unity Committee (MBK) established a special court to try the politicians who had been removed. These trials were held in the prison of Yassıada (later renamed "Island of Democracy and Freedom"). The trials began on 14 October 1960 and ended on 15 September 1961. They resulted in the execution of the former prime minister Adnan Menderes and two of his ministers.
Rolleston on Dove
Rolleston on Dove, also known simply as Rolleston, is a village and civil parish in the East Staffordshire district, in the county of Staffordshire, England near Burton upon Trent. On 28 March 1983 the parish was renamed from "Rolleston" to "Rolleston on Dove". According to the University of Nottingham English Place-names project, the settlement name Rolleston could mean 'Hrothwulf's farm/settlement' or 'Hrolfr's farm/settlement'. The 2011 census for Rolleston returned 1,467 households and 3,267 residents.

East Staffordshire
East Staffordshire is a local government district with borough status in Staffordshire, England. The council is based in Burton upon Trent. The borough also contains the town of Uttoxeter and numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

The neighbouring districts are Lichfield, Stafford, Staffordshire Moorlands, Derbyshire Dales and South Derbyshire.
Agoniatitida
Agoniatitida, also known as the Anarcestida,  is the ancestral order within the cephalopod subclass Ammonoidea originating from bactritoid nautiloids, that lived in what would become Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America during the Devonian from about the lower boundary of Zlichovian stage (corresponding to late Pragian, after 409.1 mya) into Taghanic event during upper middle Givetian (between 385 and 384 mya), existing for approximately 25 million years.

Bactritida
The Bactritida are a small order of more or less straight-shelled (orthoconic) cephalopods that first appeared during the Emsian stage of the Devonian period (407 million years ago) with questionable origins in the Pragian stage before 409 million years ago, and persisted until the Carnian pluvial event in the upper middle Carnian stage of the Triassic period (231 million years ago). They are considered ancestors of the ammonoids, as well as of the coleoids (octopus, squid, cuttlefish, and the extinct belemnites).

Bactritids are distinguished from the more primitive nautiloids by the small size and globular shape of the protoconch, the so-called embryonic shell. Nautiloids have relatively large embryonic shells, and living species lay a few large eggs. In contrast, bactritids and ammonoids  produced large numbers of small eggs, each housing a small embryonic shell.
Fred Norman (musician)
Fred Norman (October 5, 1910, Leesburg, Florida – February 19, 1993, New York City) was an American jazz composer, music arranger, trombonist, and singer.

After attending Howard University, he joined the band of Claude Hopkins in 1932. He toured with that group as both a trombonist and singer for much of the 1930s. Notably, recording his own composition "Church Street Sobbin’ Blues" as the trombone soloist with Hopkins's band in 1937 for Decca Records. He also appeared in short films with Hopkin's band during the 1930s. In 1938 he moved away from performance into work as a full-time music arranger. In the late 1930s and 1940s he wrote arrangements for Bunny Berigan, Tommy Dorsey, Benny Goodman, Lionel Hampton, Gene Krupa, Teddy Powell, Artie Shaw, Charlie Spivak, and Jack Teagarden.

In the 1950s he was the music director and an arranger for multiple records made by the singers Sarah Vaughan and Dinah Washington. He continued to work as an arranger until his retirement in the 1970s.

Tommy Dorsey
Thomas Francis Dorsey Jr. (November 19, 1905 – November 26, 1956) was an American jazz trombonist, composer, conductor and bandleader of the big band era. He was known as the "Sentimental Gentleman of Swing" because of his smooth-toned trombone playing. His theme song was "I'm Getting Sentimental Over You". His technical skill on the trombone gave him renown among other musicians. He was the younger brother of bandleader Jimmy Dorsey. After Dorsey broke with his brother in the mid-1930s, he led an extremely successful band from the late 1930s into the 1950s. He is best remembered for standards such as "Opus One", "This Love of Mine" (no. 3 in 1941) featuring Frank Sinatra on vocals, "Song of India", "Marie", "On Treasure Island", and his biggest hit single, "I'll Never Smile Again" (no. 1 for 12 weeks in 1940).
Jimmy Lavin
James Lavin (1928 – 5 September 2020) was an Irish Gaelic footballer and hurler. At club level he played with the St Vincent's club and was a two-time National League winner at senior level with the Dublin county football team.

Dublin Senior Football Championship
The Dublin Senior Football Championship (currently known for sponsorship reasons as the Go-Ahead Dublin Senior Football Championship) is an annual Gaelic Athletic Association competition between the top Dublin GAA clubs.

The winners of the Dublin Championship qualify to represent their county in the Leinster Senior Club Football Championship, the winners of which progress to the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship.

The 2025 Dublin champions are  Ballyboden St Enda's who defeated Na Fianna in the final.
Jiloan Hamad
Jiloan Mohammed Hamad Amin Alla Werdi (Arabic: جِيلْوَان مُحَمَّد حَمَد أَمِين عَلَاء وَرْدِيّ; born 6 November 1990), simply known as Jiloan Hamad, is a former professional footballer who played as a winger. Born in Soviet Azerbaijan and of Iraqi descent, Hamad moved to Sweden and represented their national team before switching to represent Iraq.

2013 Allsvenskan
The 2013 Allsvenskan, part of the 2013 Swedish football season, was the 89th season of Allsvenskan since its establishment in 1924. The 2013 fixtures were released on 14 December 2012. The season started on 31 March 2013 and ended on 3 November 2013. IF Elfsborg were the defending champions, having won their sixth title the previous season.

Malmö FF won the Swedish championship this season, their 20th Allsvenskan title and 17th Swedish championship overall, in the 29th round on 28 October 2013 when they won 2–0 in the away fixture against reigning champions IF Elfsborg at Borås Arena. This was Malmö FF's third Swedish championship of the 21st century having won their last title in the 2010 Allsvenskan season.

A total of 16 teams contested the league: 13 returning from the 2012 season and three that were promoted from Superettan.
Operation Gyroscope
Operation Gyroscope was a US Army program implemented between 1955 and 1959. This Cold War initiative modified the system of troop rotation, adjusting how divisions versus individuals rotated in and out of combat zones. The program also applied to smaller non-divisional units and was used primary to exchange units between the United States and Germany under United States Army Europe. It aimed to increase retention rates by boosting morale and unit cohesion, with the added incentive of improving military family stability by keeping soldiers together for most of their careers. Although the program initially increased morale, the Army was unable to keep its promises to the soldiers, and the expected benefits failed to materialize, resulting in the early termination of the program after just one of the planned three-year rotation cycles had been completed.

Pentomic
Pentomic (cf. Greek pent(e)- + -tome "of five parts") was a structure for infantry and airborne divisions adopted by the US Army between 1957 and 1963 in response to the potential use of tactical nuclear weapons on future battlefields. It was intended that the five subordinate units, which were often referred to as battle groups (to distinguish them from traditional units), would be able to deploy and engage in operations more rapidly than conventional brigades while also having greater offensive capabilities than conventional battalions.

One US Army publication defines the pentomic division as "a public relations term designed to combine the concept of five subordinate units ('penta') with the idea of a division that could function on [either] an atomic or nonatomic battlefield".

Several other countries also temporarily adopted similar structures in their armed forces, at around the same time as the US example, including France (from 1955), Australia, Turkey, and Spain.
2017 AON Open Challenger
The 2017 AON Open Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the fifteenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2017 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Genoa, Italy between 5 and 10 September 2017.

2017 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2017, was the secondary men's professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2017 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprises 155 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $50,000 up to $150,000. It was the 40th edition of the challenger tournaments cycle, and 9th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Theatrical séance
A theatrical séance is an aspect of mentalism that purports to give its audiences the feeling of contacting the spirits of the dead, as might be experienced in a successful Spiritualist séance.

Theatrical séances are usually performed in either total or partial darkness to replicate the atmosphere of a traditional seance, to set the mood for the performance, and to hide the methods of the performer. Performance-goers may be treated to a variety of mentalism demonstrations during a theatrical séance, including examples of clairvoyance, ESP, precognition and telekinesis, in addition to or in preparation of apparent mediumship.

Neil Tobin
Neil Tobin (born July 7, 1966) is a magical and psychic entertainer, mentalist, theatre producer and playwright, and a writer on related subjects. Since his performance material often involves themes of mortality and spirit contact—in addition to demonstrations of telepathy, precognition, magic, and even divination—he often performs as "Neil Tobin, Necromancer."
Fort Van Meter (Hampshire County, West Virginia)
Fort Van Meter — or Fort VanMeter — is a mid-18th century frontier fort in the South Branch Potomac River Valley about 9 miles (14 km) southwest of Romney in Hampshire County, West Virginia, USA. It is located 15 miles (24 km) northeast of Moorefield and about a mile northeast of the former community of Glebe at the northern end of the rugged river gorge known as The Trough.

Fort Van Meter, a small rectangular stone building erected around 1754 for the protection of white settlers against hostile Indians of the Delaware and Shawnee tribes, is still standing and has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) since 2009.

Hampshire County, West Virginia
Hampshire County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 23,093. Its county seat is Romney, West Virginia's oldest town (1762). The county was created by the Virginia General Assembly in 1754, from parts of Frederick and Augusta Counties (Virginia) and is the state's oldest county. The county lies in West Virginia's Potomac Highlands region.

Hampshire County is part of the Winchester, VA-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The Destruction of Dresden
The Destruction of Dresden is a 1963 book by British author and Holocaust denier David Irving, in which he describes the February 1945 Allied bombing of Dresden in World War II.  The book became an international best-seller during the 1960s debate about the morality of the World War II area bombing of the civilian population of Nazi Germany. Despite having long being praised and held in high esteem, the book is no longer considered to be an authoritative or reliable account of the Allied bombing and destruction of Dresden during February 1945.

Area bombing directive
The Area Bombing Directive was a directive issued by the Air Ministry of the War Cabinet to the Royal Air Force (RAF) during World War II on 14 February 1942. The directive ordered RAF Bomber Command to destroy Nazi Germany's industrial workforce and demoralise the population through area bombing of Germany's cities and their civilian inhabitants. The directive must be understood within the context of the bombing of London by the German Luftwaffe from September 1940 to May 1941.
2024 National Book Awards
The 75th National Book Awards, presented at a ceremony and benefit dinner by the National Book Foundation, took place on November 20, 2024, at Cipriani Wall Street in New York City. During the gala, the National Book Foundation presented awards in 5 competitive categories and 2 special categories honoring books released between December 1, 2023 and November 30, 2024. Author Barbara Kingsolver and publisher Paul Coates received special recognitions. Comedian Kate McKinnon hosted the show alongside musician Jon Batiste.

National Book Foundation
The National Book Foundation (NBF) is an American nonprofit organization established with the goal "to raise the cultural appreciation of great writing in America." Established in 1989 by National Book Awards, Inc., the foundation is the administrator and sponsor of the National Book Awards, a set of literary awards inaugurated in 1936 and continuous from 1950. It also organizes and sponsors public and educational programs.

The National Book Foundation's board of directors comprises representatives of American literary institutions and the book industry. In 2009, the board included the president of the New York Public Library, the chief merchandising officer of Barnes & Noble, the President/publisher of Grove/Atlantic, Inc., and others. In 2021, Ruth Dickey succeeded Lisa Lucas as the foundation's fourth executive director.
Yrvind Island
Yrvind Island (Bulgarian: остров Юрвинд, romanized: ostrov Yrvind, IPA: [ˈɔstrof ˈjurvind]) is the rocky island off the northwest coast of Nelson Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica 165 m long in south–north direction and 70 m wide. Its surface area is 0.8 ha. The vicinity was visited by early 19th century sealers.

The feature is named after Sven Yrvind, a Swedish sailor and writer who invented the Bris sextant; in association with other names in the area deriving from the early development or use of geodetic instruments and methods.

Nelson Island (South Shetland Islands)
Nelson Island (historical names Leipzig Island, O'Cain's Island and Strachans Island) is an island 22 kilometres (12 nmi) long and 13 kilometres (7 nmi) wide, lying southwest of King George Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The name Nelson Island dates back to at least 1821 and is now established in international usage.

The Eco-Nelson station is located on the island.
Kruskal's tree theorem
In mathematics, Kruskal's tree theorem states that the set of finite trees over a well-quasi-ordered set of labels is itself well-quasi-ordered under homeomorphic embedding.

A finitary application of the theorem gives the existence of the fast-growing TREE function. TREE(3) is one of the largest simply defined finite numbers, dwarfing other large numbers such as Graham's number and googolplex.

Harvey Friedman (mathematician)
Harvey Friedman (born 23 September 1948) is an American mathematical logician at Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio. He has worked on reverse mathematics, a project intended to derive the axioms of mathematics from the theorems considered to be necessary. In recent years, this has advanced to a study of Boolean relation theory, which attempts to justify large cardinal axioms by demonstrating their necessity for deriving certain propositions considered "concrete".
George's Marvellous Medicine
George's Marvellous Medicine (known as George's Marvelous Medicine in the US) is a children's novel written by Roald Dahl and illustrated by Quentin Blake. First published by Jonathan Cape in 1981, it features George Kranky, an eight-year-old boy who concocts his own miracle elixir to replace his tyrannical grandmother's regular prescription medicine.

Being a medical expert was one of what Dahl called his "dreams of glory": he had enormous respect for doctors and particularly those who pioneered new treatments. He dedicated the book to "doctors everywhere". In 2003, it was listed at number 134 on the BBC's The Big Read poll.

Puffin Books
Puffin Books is a longstanding children's imprint of the British publishers Penguin Books. Since the 1960s, it has been among the largest publishers of children's books in the UK and much of the English-speaking world. The imprint now belongs to Penguin Random House, a subsidiary of the German media conglomerate Bertelsmann.
Georgy Girl (musical)
Georgy Girl – The Seekers Musical is a biographical jukebox musical about the Australian 1960s pop quartet The Seekers, written by Patrick Edgeworth. It incorporates songs associated with The Seekers, such as "Morningtown Ride", "I'll Never Find Another You", "The Carnival is Over", "A World of Our Own" and "Georgy Girl". It also includes several pop songs by other artists, including Tom Jones's "It's Not Unusual" and Bessie Smith's "Mama's Got the Blues".

Writer Patrick Edgeworth had a personal connection to the material, in that his brother, Ron Edgeworth, was married to Judith Durham, who was The Seekers' lead singer from 1963 to 1968.

Georgy Girl began previews at Her Majesty's Theatre in Melbourne on 15 December 2015, and had its official premiere on 22 December. The production also played at the State Theatre in Sydney from April 2016.

The New Zealand Premiere was held at the Off Broadway Theatre in Papakura 7-21 June 2025.

Jukebox musical
A jukebox musical is a stage musical or musical film in which a majority of the songs are well-known, pre-existing popular music songs, rather than original music composed for the musical.

Some jukebox musicals use a wide variety of songs, while others confine themselves to songs previously performed by one singer or band, or written by one songwriter. In such cases, the plot is often a biography of the artist or artists. In other jukebox musicals, the plot is purely fictional. For musicals about a musician or musical act, some of the songs can be diegetic, meaning that they are performed within the world of the play or film. Works in which all of the music is diegetic, however, such as a biographical film about a singer who is at times shown performing their songs, are generally not considered jukebox musicals.

Revues that lack a plot are also usually not described as jukebox musicals, although plotless shows that include a dance element sometimes are.
Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41
Space Launch Complex 41 (SLC-41), sometimes referred to as "Slick Forty-one," is one of two launch sites at the Integrate-Transfer-Launch Complex in Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida. Originally built as Launch Complex 41 (LC-41), it and the neighboring Space Launch Complex 40 were designed for the United States Air Force's Titan III rocket program, where it launched the Titan IIIC in the 1960s and the Titan IIIE in the 1970s. In the 1990s, the Air Force and Martin Marietta upgraded the pad for use by the Titan III's successor, the Titan IV.

During the early 2000s, SLC-41 underwent modifications by Lockheed Martin in order to support the launch operations of the Atlas V. It was later transferred to United Launch Alliance (ULA)—a joint venture between Lockheed Martin and Boeing—who continues to use the pad today for launches of the Atlas V and its successor, Vulcan Centaur.

Geostationary transfer orbit
In space mission design, a geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) or geosynchronous transfer orbit is a highly elliptical type of geocentric orbit, usually with a perigee as low as low Earth orbit (LEO) and an apogee as high as geostationary orbit (GEO). Satellites that are destined for geosynchronous orbit (GSO) or GEO are often put into a GTO as an intermediate step for reaching their final orbit. Manufacturers of launch vehicles often advertise the amount of payload the vehicle can put into GTO.
Chilkur mandal
Chilkur mandal is one of the 23 mandals in Suryapet district of the Indian state of Telangana. It is under the administration of Kodad revenue division with its headquarters at Chilkur. The mandal is bounded by Kodad mandal to the east, Huzurnagar mandal to the south, Munagala mandal to the north.

Kodad mandal
Kodad mandal is one of the 23 mandals in Suryapet district of the Indian state of Telangana. It is under the administration of Kodad revenue division with its headquarters at Kodad. The mandal is located on the banks of Paler river and is bounded by Nadigudem, Munagala, Chilkur, Huzurnagar, Mellachervu mandals. A portion of it also borders Khammam district and the state of Andhra Pradesh.
Einat Kalisch-Rotem
Einat Kalisch-Rotem (Hebrew: עינת קליש-רותם; born 3 September 1970, Haifa) is an Israeli urban planner and politician who served as mayor of Haifa from 2018 to 2024. She was the first female mayor to lead any of the three major cities in Israel.

Mayor of Haifa
The Mayor of Haifa is the head of the executive branch of the political system in Haifa. The mayor's office administers all city services, public property, most public agencies, and enforces city and state laws. The term of office is five years.