hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heterochaenia
Heterochaenia is a genus of flowering plants within the family Campanulaceae which are native to Réunion.

Species include:

Heterochaenia borbonica Badre & Cadet

Heterochaenia ensifolia A.DC.

Heterochaenia rivalsii Badre & Cadet

Heterochaenia fragrans H.Thomas, Félicité & Adolphe

Heterochaenia rivalsii
Heterochaenia rivalsii is a species of flowering plant in the family Campanulaceae. It was described by Frederic Jean Badré and Thérésien Cadet in 1972. The species is entirely endemic to the island of Réunion, Mascarene Islands.
Bruce Gregory (American football)
Bruce Robert Gregory (May 13, 1903 – December 26, 1960) was an American football player.

Gregory was born in 1903 in Battle Creek, Michigan. He moved to Ann Arbor, Michigan, as a boy. He played halfback for the Michigan Wolverines football team from 1924 to 1925.

Gregory later played professional football for the Detroit Panthers in 1926.  He played in all 12 games for the Panthers in 1926, including 11 games as a starter.

Gregory worked in the tire business after his football career ended, living in Flint, Michigan, Akron, Ohio, and Frederick, Maryland. He worked for many years for the General Tire and Rubber Company and also owned a tire dealership in Maryland. He was killed at age 57 in an automobile accident in 1960 near Frederick, Maryland.

Frederick, Maryland
Frederick is a city in and the county seat of Frederick County, Maryland, United States. Frederick's population was 78,171 people as of the 2020 census, making it the second-largest incorporated city in Maryland behind Baltimore. It is a part of the Washington metropolitan area and the greater Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.

The city is located at an important crossroads at the intersection of a major north–south Native American trail and east–west routes to the Chesapeake Bay, both at Baltimore and what became Washington, D.C., and across the Appalachian Mountains to the Ohio River watershed.

Frederick is home to Frederick Municipal Airport (IATA: FDK), which accommodates general aviation, and Fort Detrick, a U.S. Army bioscience and communications research installation and Frederick County's largest employer.
Solobacterium
Solobacterium is a Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic genus from the family Erysipelotrichaceae, with one known species, Solobacterium moorei. This genus has been found to be part of the salivary microbiome.

Solobacterium moorei
Solobacterium moorei is a Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic bacillus that contributes to halitosis. This bacterium is non-spore forming and commonly found in the oral and intestinal human microbiota. The species was previously known as Bulleidia extructa and B. moorei, in the family Erysipelotrichaceae before it was reclassified into a new genus. Kageyama and Benno identified the first strain in human feces as an unclassified Clostridium group RCA59 in 2000.
2025 ARCA Menards Series
The 2025 ARCA Menards Series was the 73rd season of the ARCA Menards Series, a stock car racing series sanctioned by NASCAR in the United States. The season began at Daytona International Speedway with the Ride the 'Dente 200 on February 15 and ended with the Owens Corning 200 at Toledo Speedway on October 4.

Andrés Pérez de Lara entered the season as the defending champion, but did not return to defend his title as he moved up to the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series full-time in 2025, driving for Spire Motorsports and Niece Motorsports. At the conclusion of the season finale at Toledo, Brenden Queen of Pinnacle Racing Group won the championship.

ARCA races at Toledo
Stock car racing events in the ARCA Menards Series and ARCA Menards Series East have been held at Toledo Speedway, in Toledo, Ohio during numerous seasons and times of year since 1963. Before that, races were held at Toledo Raceway Park from 1953 through 1962.
Partho Sen-Gupta
Partho Sen-Gupta (also spelt Partho Sen Gupta or Partho Sengupta) is an  independent film director and screenwriter who has made films in India, France, and Australia.  He has a post-graduate degree in film direction from the FEMIS in France.

Main Zinda Hoon
Main Zinda Hoon (transl. I am alive) is a 1988 Indian Hindi-language drama film written and directed by Sudhir Mishra, starring Rajendra Gupta,  Pankaj Kapur, Deepti Naval and Alok Nath.

At the 36th National Film Awards, the film won the National Film Award for Best Film on Social Issues. The film was produced by  National Film Development Corporation of India (NFDC), which in 2012, included it in its film restoration project, which involved 80 Indian cinema classics.
Ciliary processes
In the anatomy of the eye, the ciliary processes are formed by the inward folding of the various layers of the choroid, viz. the choroid proper and the lamina basalis, and are received between corresponding foldings of the suspensory ligament of the lens.

Choroid
The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is a part of the uvea, the vascular layer of the eye. It contains connective tissues, and lies between the retina and the sclera.  The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear of the eye (at 0.2 mm), while in the outlying areas it narrows to 0.1 mm. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina.  Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract.

The structure of the choroid is generally divided into four layers (classified in order of furthest away from the retina to closest):

Haller's layer – outermost layer of the choroid consisting of larger diameter blood vessels;

Sattler's layer – layer of medium diameter blood vessels;

Choriocapillaris – layer of capillaries; and

Bruch's membrane (synonyms: Lamina basalis, Complexus basalis, Lamina vitra) – innermost layer of the choroid.
3406 Omsk
3406 Omsk, provisional designation 1969 DA, is a background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 15 kilometers (9.3 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 21 February 1969, by Soviet astronomer Bella Burnasheva at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory on the Crimean peninsula in Nauchnij. The possibly metallic M/X-type asteroid has a rotation period of 7.3 hours. It was named for the Russian city of Omsk.

Bella A. Burnasheva
Bella Alekseïevna Bournasheva (Бэлла Алексеевна Бурнашева, born 1944) is a Soviet–Russian astronomer credited with the discovery of several asteroids.

The minor planet 4427 Burnashev was named in honour of her and her husband Vladislav Ivanovich Burnashev.
Limmu Sakka
Limmu Sakka is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It is named in part after the former kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea, whose territories included the area this woreda now covers. Part of the Jimma Zone, Limmu Sakka is bordered on the southwest by the Didessa River which separates it from the Illubabor Zone, on the northwest by the Misraq Welega Zone, on the northeast by the Gibe River which separates it from the Mirab Shewa Zone, and on the southeast by Limmu Kosa. The administrative center of the woreda is  Atnago; other towns include Saqqa, the capital of the former kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea.

Islam in Ethiopia
Islam is the second largest religion in Ethiopia behind Christianity. In 2024, 31.5% of the population was Muslim.

Islam in Ethiopia dates back to the time of Prophet Muhammad; in 615, when a group of Muslims were counseled by Muhammad to escape persecution in Mecca and migrate to the Kingdom of Aksum which was based in Ethiopia and which was ruled by Najashi, a pious Christian king. It is agreed by Islamic scholars that Najashi gave shelter to the Muslim refugees around 615–616 at Axum. Bilal ibn Ribah, the first Muezzin, the person chosen to call the faithful to prayer, and one of the foremost companions of Muhammad, was born in Mecca to an Abyssinian (Ethiopian) mother.
US Quadball Cup
The US Quadball Cup, previously known as US Quidditch Cup and IQA World Cup, is a quadball tournament held in the United States and organized by US Quadball. The first US Quadball Cup was held in 2007 with only two teams participating, and now features around 60 collegiate and club teams from around the United States.

International Quadball Association
The International Quadball Association (IQA), previously known as the International Quidditch Association, is the governing body for the sport of quadball. It was founded as the Intercollegiate Quidditch Association in 2009 following the first intercollegiate quidditch match. In 2010, the IQA added the "international" term to its name, and 2016 saw its induction as an international sports federation with its creation of the Congress. It comprises more than ten national associations governing quidditch in their respective nations.

The IQA was founded on the campus of Middlebury College, in Vermont by Alexander Manshel. The association is responsible for the organization of the world's major quadball tournaments and events, most notably the IQA Global Games, as well as international rule setting and worldwide expansion.
Indians in Bahrain
The history of Indians in Bahrain dates back to the time of the Dilmun civilisation in 3000 BCE when the civilisation served as a trade link between Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley civilisation. Proper immigration of Indians to Bahrain first started in the late quarter of the 19th century, with Banyan merchants arriving from British India or also known as British Raj under the jurisdiction of HM Government of the United Kingdom when it was under the rule of the British Empire. Today, there are about 350,000 Indian nationals in Bahrain, making them the largest expatriate group in the country.

Indian School, Bahrain
The Indian School (Arabic: المدرسة الهندية) is a CBSE–affiliated community school in Bahrain. Founded by three Indian women as an elementary school for the children of Indian nationals in Bahrain, it is currently one of the largest co-ed schools in the Persian Gulf region.  It was founded in 1950.
Burgbernheim
Burgbernheim (German pronunciation: [bʊʁkˈbɛʁnhaɪm] ⓘ; East Franconian: Bärna) is a town in the Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim district, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated 9 km (6 mi) southwest of Bad Windsheim, and 13 km (8 mi) northeast of Rothenburg ob der Tauber. It has a population of around 3,300.

Bad Windsheim
Bad Windsheim (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈvɪntsˌhaɪm] ⓘ; East Franconian: Winsa) is a historic town in Bavaria, Germany with a population of more than 12,000. It lies in the district Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim, west of Nuremberg. In the Holy Roman Empire, Windsheim held the rank of Imperial City (until 1802). Since 1810 Windsheim is part of Bavaria. In 1961, it became a spa town and has since been called "Bad Windsheim".
31st New York State Legislature
The 31st New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 26 to April 11, 1808, during the first year of Daniel D. Tompkins's governorship, in Albany.

Washington County, New York
Washington County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 61,302. The county seat is Fort Edward. The county was named for U.S. President George Washington. The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.
Unghürhörner
The Unghürhörner are a multi-summited mountain of the Silvretta Alps, located south-east of Klosters in the canton of Graubünden. They lie in the Vereina valley, west of the Plattenhörner.

The main summit has an elevation of 2,994 metres above sea level. A nearly equally high secondary summit has an elevation of 2,992 metres.

Klosters
Klosters is a Swiss village in the Prättigau, administratively part of the municipality of Klosters-Serneus, which belongs to the district of Prättigau/Davos in the canton of Grisons; in 2021, the municipality shortened its name to Klosters. Klosters itself consists of the two main parts Klosters Dorf ('Village') and Kloster Platz ('Place'), and the settlements Selfranga, Äuja, Monbiel. Together with neighbouring Serneus, the two villages formed the municipality of Klosters-Serneus. On 1 January 2016, the former municipality of Saas im Prättigau merged into Klosters-Serneus.

Klosters is on the Austrian border. The village's ski resort lies 150 km (93 mi) from Zurich, the nearest international airport. Klosters is 10 km (6.2 mi) north from Davos and part of its extended ski area.
Dog health
The health of dogs is a well studied area in veterinary medicine.

Dog health is viewed holistically; it encompasses many different aspects, including disease processes, genetics, and nutritional health, for example. Infectious diseases that affect dogs are important not only from a veterinary standpoint, but also because of the risk to public health; an example of this is rabies. Genetic disorders also affect dogs, often due to selective breeding to produce individual dog breeds. Due to the popularity of both commercial and homemade dog foods, nutrition is also a heavily studied subject.

German Shepherd
The German Shepherd, also known in Britain as an Alsatian, is a German breed of working dog of medium to large size. It is characterized by its intelligent and obedient nature.

Its historical role was as a herding dog, for herding sheep. It has since been used in many other types of work, including disability assistance, search-and-rescue, police work, and warfare. It is commonly kept as a companion dog, and according to the Fédération Cynologique Internationale had the second-highest number of annual registrations in 2013.

The breed was developed by Max von Stephanitz using various traditional German herding dogs from 1899. The breed gained international recognition after the end of World War I. The German Shepherd became the second most popular breed in the US in 2016 and the most frequently registered breed in other countries.
Dean of Nova Scotia
Christianity portal

The Dean of Nova Scotia is an Anglican dean in the Anglican Diocese of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island of the  Ecclesiastical Province of Canada, based at All Saints Cathedral in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The incumbent is also Rector of All Saints.

The incumbents have been:

Source:

Diocese of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island
The Diocese of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island is a diocese of the Ecclesiastical Province of Canada of the Anglican Church of Canada. It encompasses the provinces of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island and has two cathedrals: All Saints' in Halifax and St. Peter's in Charlottetown. Its de facto see city is Halifax (where the synod offices are located), and its roughly 24 400 Anglicans distributed in 239 congregations are served by approximately 153 clergy and 330 lay readers according to the last available data. According to the 2001 census, 120,315 Nova Scotians identified themselves as Anglicans (13% of the province's population), while 6525 Prince Edward Islanders did the same.
1997 New Year Honours
The New Year Honours 1997 were appointments by most of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries, and honorary ones to citizens of other countries. They were announced on 31 December 1996, to celebrate the year passed and mark the beginning of 1997 in the United Kingdom, New Zealand and the Cook Islands, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia,
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Christopher and Nevis.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

HM Customs and Excise
HM Customs and Excise (HMCE, properly known as Her Majesty's Customs and Excise at the time of its dissolution in 2005) was a department of the British Government formed in 1909 by the merger of HM Customs and HM Excise; its primary responsibility was the collection of customs duties, excise duties, and other indirect taxes.

Payments of customs dues have occurred in Britain for over one thousand years, and HMCE was formed from predecessor bodies with a long history.

With effect from 18 April 2005, HMCE merged with the Inland Revenue (which administered and collected direct taxes) to form a new department: HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC).
2024 Russian Circuit Racing Series
The 2024 SMP Russian Circuit Racing Series is the eleventh season of the Russian Circuit Racing Series, organized by SMP Racing. It's the tenth season with international TCR class cars. In 2023, the competition's held in seventh classes: Touring, Touring Light, Super Production, S1600, GT4, CN and Historic Touring Cup.

Russian Circuit Racing Series
The Russian Circuit Racing Series (RCRS) is a national Russian racing series created in 2004. It started with four classes: touring, super-production, touring-light, and national class; and national-junior was added in 2015. Sergey Krylov was the championship's promoter beginning in 2004, until Oleg Petrikov became promoter of the series in 2014.
Penhallick Wharf
50°39′14″N 4°45′54″W﻿ / ﻿50.654°N 4.765°W﻿ / 50.654; -4.765

Penhallick Wharf is a disused coastal loading dock between Tintagel Castle and Trebarwith Strand on the north coast of Cornwall in South West England. The wharf served the Tintagel Slate Quarries, particularly those without easy access to the loading beach at Tintagel Haven. These include Caroline, Dria, Bagalow and possibly Lambshouse and Gull Point quarries.

With no harbours between Boscastle 3.6 miles (5.8 km) to the north and Port Gaverne 6.3 m (10 km) to the south, there was a shortage of landing points on this stretch of coastline. Before the railway reached Camelford and Delabole in the 1890s, the only way for slate to be transported was by sea.

Trebarwith Strand
Trebarwith Strand (Cornish: Trebervedh Sian; locally sometimes shortened to The Strand) is a section of coastline located near the coastal settlement of Trebarwith on the north coast of Cornwall, Britain, UK, 2+1⁄2 miles (4.0 km) south of Tintagel. It has 800m of sandy beach contained by cliffs in which natural caves are found. The beach can only be accessed at low tide. The strand was once used to land ships to export slate from the nearby quarries while sand from the beach was used for agricultural purposes. The view from the beach is dominated by rocks 300m offshore known as Gull Rock or Otterham Rocks.
Shared medium
In telecommunication, a shared medium is a medium or channel of information transfer that serves more than one user at the same time.

In order for most channels to function correctly, no more than one user can be transmitting at a time, so a channel access method must always be in effect.

In circuit switching, each user typically gets a fixed share of the channel capacity. A multiplexing scheme divides up the capacity of the medium. Common multiplexing schemes include time-division multiplexing and frequency-division multiplexing. Channel access methods for circuit switching include time-division multiple access, frequency-division multiple access, etc.

In packet switching, the sharing is more dynamic — each user takes up little or none of the capacity when idle, and can utilize the entire capacity if transmitting while all other users are idle. Channel access methods for packet switching include carrier-sense multiple access, token passing, etc.

Time-division multiplexing
Time-division multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting and receiving independent signals over a common signal path by means of synchronized switches at each end of the transmission line so that each signal appears on the line only a fraction of time according to agreed rules, e.g. with each transmitter working in turn. It can be used when the bit rate of the transmission medium exceeds that of the signal to be transmitted. This form of signal multiplexing was developed in telecommunications for telegraphy systems in the late 19th century but found its most common application in digital telephony in the second half of the 20th century.
Memoria Apostolorum
Memoria Apostolorum, which means (in) memory of the apostles, is one of the lost texts from the New Testament apocrypha.

A reference to the Memoria Apostolorum appears in a letter, dated about 440, from Turibius of Astorga to Hydatius and Ceponius.

Given the name, it may be one of the texts which are already known, and for which we have some of the content, such as the Gospel of the Twelve, or one of the apocryphal Acts, or Apocalypses.

Gospel of the Twelve
The Gospel of the Twelve (Greek: τὸ τῶν δώδεκα εὐαγγέλιον), possibly also referred to as the Gospel of the Apostles, is a lost gospel mentioned by Origen in Homilies on Luke as part of a list of heretical works.

Schneemelcher's standard edition of the New Testament Apocrypha states that Jerome incorrectly identified the Gospel of the Twelve, which he referred to as the Gospel according to the Apostles, with the Gospel of the Hebrews (Dial. adv. Pelag. III 2), whereas Origen clearly distinguished between them (Homilies on Luke 1.1).  Ambrose and Bede may have also made allusions to it.  A relationship has been postulated between this otherwise unknown gospel and the Gospel of the Ebionites.
Shams-ud-din Harifal
Shams-ud-din Harifal (Urdu: مولانا شمس الدین حریفال) was an (4 May 1944 - 14 March 1974) was an Islamic Sunni Hanafi scholar of the Deobandi school of thought and political leader of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam and Tehreek-e-Khatme-e-Nubuwwat. According to his biographer, Shams-ud-din's major contribution was his support of strong anti-Ahmadiyya feelings among Muslims at the risk and sacrifice of his life.

Rahim Yar Khan
Rahim Yar Khan (Urdu: رحیم یار خان, romanized: Rahīm Yār Khān; Urdu pronunciation: [ɾəɦiːm jɑːɾ xɑːn]) is a city in the Punjab, Pakistan. It is the 21st most populous city in Pakistan and is the capital of the Rahim Yar Khan District. The city's administration is divided into nine union councils. Originally named Noshehra, it was renamed to Rahim Yar Khan in honour of the son of Sadeq Mohammad Khan IV.
James Dunkin
James Dunkin was the first and third Advocate Fiscal of Ceylon. He was appointed on 19 February 1801 and held the office until 1802. Dunkin was appointed again  in 1806. He was succeeded by Alexander Johnston.

Alexander Johnston (1775–1849)
Sir Alexander Johnston, PC, FRS (died 6 March 1849), was a British colonial official who served as third Chief Justice of Ceylon and second Advocate Fiscal of Ceylon. He introduced a range of administrative reforms in Sri Lanka, introducing numerous liberal ideas and supporting the rights of natives. He was also an orientalist and along with Henry Thomas Colebrooke and others he was a founding member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Uskelanjoki
Uskelanjoki is a river of Finland. It flows into the Archipelago Sea through the town of Salo. The course of the river follows a large, NE–SW oriented bedrock fracture line which begins from the river estuary in Halikonlahti bay and goes up through the lower reaches of the river and its tributary Terttilänjoki in north. Other tributaries of Uskelanjoki are Rekijoki and Hitolanjoki in north, Kurajoki in Pertteli and Vähäjoki near Salo. Landslides are common in the area, and for example in 1825 the church of Uskela that stood on the edge of the river was destroyed by a landslide that occurred on Christmas Eve.

Pertteli
Pertteli (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈpertːeli]); Swedish: S:t Bertils) is a former municipality of Finland. It was consolidated with Salo on January 1, 2009.

It is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Southwest Finland region. The municipality had a population of 3,833 (2004-12-31) and covered an area of 156.08 km2 of which 1.93 km2 is water. The population density was 24.87 inhabitants per km2. Inkere was the administrative center of Pertteli.

The municipality was unilingually Finnish.

Saint Bartholomew is the namesake of the municipality and is the subject of the heraldic shield.