hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
End-systolic volume
End-systolic volume (ESV) is the volume of blood in a ventricle at the end of contraction, or systole, and the beginning of filling, or diastole.

ESV is the lowest volume of blood in the ventricle at any point in the cardiac cycle.
The main factors that affect the end-systolic volume are afterload and the contractility of the heart.

Myocardial contractility
Myocardial contractility represents the innate ability of the heart muscle (cardiac muscle or myocardium) to contract. It is the maximum attainable value for the force of contraction of a given heart. The ability to produce changes in force during contraction result from incremental degrees of binding between different types of tissue, that is, between filaments of myosin (thick) and actin (thin) tissue. The degree of binding depends upon the concentration of calcium ions in the cell.
Within an in vivo intact heart, the action/response of the sympathetic nervous system is driven by precisely timed releases of a catecholamine, which is a process that determines the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol of cardiac muscle cells. The factors causing an increase in contractility work by causing an increase in intracellular calcium ions (Ca++) during contraction.
Noble M400
The Noble M400 is a sports car from the English car maker Noble. Manufacturing was outsourced to Hi-Tech Automotive, based in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. The M400 was noted by the automotive press for its excellent handling and power.

Sports car
A sports car is a type of automobile that is designed with an emphasis on dynamic performance, such as handling, acceleration, top speed, the thrill of driving, and racing capability. Sports cars originated in Europe in the early 1910s and are currently produced by many manufacturers around the world.
Åland women's official football team
The Åland women's official football team represents Åland in women's association football and is controlled by the Åland Football Association (ÅFF). the team isn't affiliated with FIFA  nor UEFA. The team mainly competes in the Island Games. the team was crowned champions winning gold medals three times (2007, 2009 and 2011).

Åland also has a successful women's club football side, Åland United which competes in the Kansallinen Liiga.

Åland Football Association
The Åland Football Association  (Swedish: Ålands Fotbollförbund) is the governing body of football in Åland. ÅFF is not a member of UEFA or FIFA, but is a member of the Football Association of Finland and has the status of a District Football Association. ÅFF also runs the Åland official football team and Åland women's football team.
Critical international relations theory
Critical international relations theory is a diverse set of schools of thought in international relations (IR) that have criticized the theoretical, meta-theoretical and/or political status quo, both in IR theory and in international politics more broadly – from positivist as well as postpositivist positions.  Positivist critiques include Marxist and neo-Marxist approaches and certain ("conventional") strands of social constructivism.  Postpositivist critiques include poststructuralist, postcolonial, "critical" constructivist, critical theory (in the strict sense used by the Frankfurt School), neo-Gramscian, most feminist, and some English School approaches, as well as non-Weberian historical sociology, "international political sociology", "critical geopolitics", and the so-called "new materialism" (partly inspired by actor–network theory).  All of these latter approaches differ from both realism and liberalism in their epistemological and ontological premises.

International political sociology
International political sociology (IPS) is an interdisciplinary field and set of approaches at the crossroads of international relations theory and other disciplines such as sociology, geography and anthropology. It is structured around initiatives such as the journal International Political Sociology and the network Doingips, as well as scholars such as Didier Bigo, Anastassia Tsoukala, Ayse Ceyhan or Elspeth Guild.
Lucas Walker
Lucas Benson Walker (born 6 December 1984) is an Australian basketball player for the Sutherland Sharks of the NBL1 East. He played 10 seasons in the National Basketball League (NBL) between 2010 and 2020. He played college basketball for Montana State University Billings and Saint Mary's College of California before joining the Melbourne Tigers in 2010. After five seasons with Melbourne, he had stints with the Adelaide 36ers, Perth Wildcats, Cairns Taipans and Sydney Kings. He won an NBL championship with the Wildcats in 2017.

South East Australian Basketball League
The South East Australian Basketball League (SEABL) was a semi-professional basketball league in Australia comprising both a men's and women's competition. The SEABL began in 1981 and operated for 38 seasons until it was disbanded in 2018. The league was closely linked with the Australian Basketball Association (ABA) and over the years, the SEABL boasted teams from Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, South Australia and the Australian Capital Territory.
2025 AsiaBasket College Campus Tour
The 2025 AsiaBasket College Campus Tour was the eighth tournament under the AsiaBasket. The tournament began on March 16 and ended on May 11. It featured fourteen colleges and universities from four different associations. It is also the first tournament since the 2022 Summer Championship to be held across multiple venues, with games taking place across multiple campuses.

The NU Bulldogs entered this tournament as defending champions. The tournament was won by the De La Salle Green Archers, after they defeated rivals Ateneo Blue Eagles in the finals.

2023 AsiaBasket Las Piñas Championship
The 2023 AsiaBasket Las Piñas Championship was the fifth tournament under AsiaBasket, the second under the AsiaBasket name, and the second of three tournaments held in 2023. The tournament began from July 21 to 30, 2023 at the Villar Coliseum in Las Piñas with 10 teams from both collegiate and professional clubs.

It is also the first tournament since Summer 2022 to be held in the Philippines as well as the first since Subic 2021 to feature an all-Filipino lineup. The league originally intended to use the original FilBasket moniker under these circumstances, but ultimately, the AsiaBasket name was still used.

The Ateneo Blue Eagles won the championship  after defeating CSB Blazers at score 60–57 in the final tournament.
Aleksandr Dronov (politician)
Aleksandr Valentinovich Dronov (Russian: Александр Валентинович Дронов; born 5 July 1979), is a Russian politician who is currently the Governor of Novgorod Oblast since 14 October 2025. He was the First Deputy Governor of Novgorod Oblast from 2020 to 2025.

Governor of Novgorod Oblast
The Governor of Novgorod Oblast (Russian: Губернатор Новгородской области) is the head of government of Novgorod Oblast, a federal subject of Russia.

The position was introduced in 1991 as Head of Administration of Novgorod Oblast. The Governor is elected by direct popular vote for a term of five years.
Zero-order hold
The zero-order hold (ZOH) is a mathematical model of the practical signal reconstruction done by a conventional digital-to-analog converter (DAC).  That is, it describes the effect of converting a discrete-time signal to a continuous-time signal by holding each sample value for one sample interval. It has several applications in electrical communication.

Signal reconstruction
In signal processing, reconstruction usually means the determination of an original continuous signal from a sequence of equally spaced samples.

This article takes a generalized abstract mathematical approach to signal sampling and reconstruction.  For a more practical approach based on band-limited signals, see Whittaker–Shannon interpolation formula.
Chief Administrator of the Courts
The New York State Chief Administrator of the Courts (or Chief Administrative Judge of the Courts if a judge) oversees the administration and operation of the New York State Unified Court System. They are appointed by the Chief Judge of New York with the advice and consent of the Administrative Board of the Courts. They are assisted by the Office of Court Administration.

Court administration
Court administration, administration of courts or judicial administration is a field of public administration on back office affairs of court operation, including annual budgeting and human resource management.
Eucalyptus tardecidens
Eucalyptus tardecidens is a species of mallee or small tree that is endemic to north Queensland. It has rough, fibrous or flaky bark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and shortened oval to cylindrical fruit.

Mallee (habit)
Mallee are trees or shrubs, mainly certain species of eucalypts, which grow with multiple stems springing from an underground lignotuber or xylopodium, usually to a height of no more than 10 m (33 ft). The term is widely used for trees with this  growth habit across southern Australia, in the states of Western Australia, South Australia, New South Wales and Victoria, and has given rise to other uses of the term, including the ecosystems where such trees predominate, specific geographic areas within some of the states and as part of various species' names.
Protein–lipid interaction
Protein–lipid interaction is the influence of membrane proteins on the lipid physical state or vice versa.

The questions which are relevant to understanding of the structure and function of the membrane are: 1) Do intrinsic membrane proteins bind tightly to lipids (see annular lipid shell), and what is the nature of the layer of lipids adjacent to the protein? 2) Do membrane proteins have long-range effects on the order or dynamics of membrane lipids? 3) How do the lipids influence  the structure and/or function of membrane proteins? 4) How do peripheral membrane proteins which bind to the layer surface interact with lipids and influence their behavior?

Electron paramagnetic resonance
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) or electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a method for studying materials that have unpaired electrons. The basic concepts of EPR are analogous to those of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), but the spins excited are those of the electrons instead of the atomic nuclei. EPR spectroscopy is useful for analyzing metal ions and organic radicals (compounds with unpaired electrons). The technique reveals some structural information but often simply provides a characteristic "finger print".  The measurement requires a large magnet into which the sample is placed.  Signals are detected using microwaves.  In contrast to NMR and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, EPR spectroscopy is less common.  For a given sample, some of the parameters of interest are g-values (analogous to chemical shift), anisotropy (asymmetry), hyperfine coupling constants (analogous to coupling constant J), and relaxation times.
James Archer (Jesuit)
James Archer (1550–1620) was an Irish Roman Catholic priest of the Society of Jesus who played a highly controversial role in both the Nine Years War and in the military resistance to both the House of Tudor's religious persecution of the Catholic Church in Ireland and the Elizabethan wars against both Gaelic Ireland and the Irish clans. During the final decade of the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, Archer became a leading figure of hate in the anti-Catholic propaganda of the English government, but his most lasting achievement was his role in the establishment and strengthening of the Irish Colleges in Catholic Europe during the Counter-Reformation.

Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury
Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, KG, PC (1 June 1563 – 24 May 1612) was an English statesman and alleged spymaster noted for his direction of the government during the Union of the Crowns, as Tudor England gave way to Stuart rule (1603). Lord Salisbury served as the Secretary of State of England (1596–1612) and  Lord High Treasurer (1608–1612), succeeding his father as Queen Elizabeth I's Lord Privy Seal and remaining in power during the first nine years of King James I's reign until his own death.

The principal discoverer of the Gunpowder Plot of 1605, Robert Cecil remains a controversial historic figure as it is still debated at what point he first learned of the plot and to what extent he acted as an agent provocateur.
2017–18 Euro Hockey Tour
The 2017–18 Euro Hockey Tour was the 22nd season of Euro Hockey Tour. It started in November 2017 and lasted until April 2018. It consisted of Karjala Tournament, Channel One Cup, Carlson Hockey Games and Sweden Hockey Games.

According to the Swedish Ice Hockey Association, the EHT was not officially held in the 2017–18 season as the countries did not play the same number of games and did not play the same number of times against each other.

Sweden Hockey Games
The Beijer Hockey Games (BHG, formerly known as Sweden Hockey Games) is an annual ice hockey tournament held in Sweden as part of the Euro Hockey Tour. It was cancelled after the 2013–14 season. However, on 19 January 2016, the Swedish Ice Hockey Association announced the tournament to be restarted for the 2016–17 season. The tournament was also known as the LG Hockey Games between 2006 and 2011, and the Oddset Hockey Games between 2012 and 2014, while under sponsorship naming rights.
2015 UCI Road World Championships – Women's road race
The Women's road race of the 2015 UCI Road World Championships took place in and around Richmond, Virginia, United States on September 26, 2015. The course of the race was 129.6 km (80.5 mi) with the start and finish in Richmond. Pauline Ferrand-Prévot was the defending champion, having won the world title in 2014.

In a sprint finish of a select group of nine riders, Great Britain's Lizzie Armitstead added the rainbow jersey to her UCI Women's Road World Cup overall victory, out-sprinting Dutch rider Anna van der Breggen by just over a wheel's length. The podium was completed by home rider Megan Guarnier, the first American to podium in the event since 1994.

UCI Road World Championships – Women's road race
The UCI Road World Championships Elite Women's Road Race is a one-day event for professional cyclists that takes place annually. The winner is considered the World Cycling Champion (or World Road Cycling Champion) and earns the right to wear the Rainbow Jersey for a full year in road race or stage events. The event is a single 'mass start' road race with the winner being the first across the line at the completion of the full race distance. The road race is contested by riders organized by national cycling teams as opposed to commercially sponsored or trade teams, which is the standard in professional cycling.
Sher-e-Bangla Nagar
Sher-e-Bangla Nagar (Bengali: শেরেবাংলা নগর; lit. City of the Lion of Bengal) is a neighborhood and a thana of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. It is also known as the 'capitol within the capital' due to it being the home to the National Parliament and Ganabhaban. The thana was formed in 2009 from parts of Tejgaon, Kafrul and Mohammadpur thanas. Sher-e-Bangla Nagar is a commercial and central neighborhood in the city, home to offices of government and public institutions, educational institutions, banks and financial institutions and shops.

Administrative geography of Bangladesh
Bangladesh is divided into 8 divisions and 64 districts, although these have a limited role in public policy. For the purpose of local governance, the country is divided into subdistricts, municipalities (or town councils), city corporations (i.e., metropolitan municipal corporations), and union councils (i.e., rural councils).

The diagram below outlines the five tiers of government in Bangladesh.
2020 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship
The 2020 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship was scheduled to be held from April 18 to 25, 2020 at the Kelowna Curling Club in Kelowna, Canada. On March 14, 2020, the event was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The event was scheduled to be held in conjunction with the 2020 World Senior Curling Championships.

The event was supposed to score Olympic qualifying points for the participating nations. Upon cancellation, the qualifying process was left unclear.  It was later announced that any country that was scheduled to compete in the event and did not qualify through the 2021 World Championships will take part in an expanded final Olympic Qualification tournament that will be held in December 2021.

Kelowna Curling Club
The Kelowna Curling Club located in Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada is one of the largest and most active curling clubs in the world. The Club has 12 sheets and seating for over 1000 spectators.

Kelowna has had plenty of experience hosting World Curling competitions, having been the location of the World Women's in 1986, the World Juniors in 2002, the World Mixed in 2018 and,  the Pan Continental Curling Championships in 2023.

The Club will host the Olympic Qualification Event for Curling at the 2026 Winter Olympics in December 2025.
Ian Hamilton (British Army officer)
General Sir Ian Standish Monteith Hamilton, GCB, GCMG, DSO, TD (16 January 1853 – 12 October 1947) was a senior British Army officer who had an extensive British Imperial military career in the Victorian and Edwardian eras. Hamilton was twice recommended for the Victoria Cross, but on the first occasion was considered too young, and on the second too senior. He was wounded in action at the Battle of Majuba during the First Boer War, which rendered his left hand permanently injured. Near the end of his career, he commanded the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force in the Gallipoli campaign of the First World War.

Ian Kershaw
Sir Ian Kershaw (born 29 April 1943) is an English historian whose work has chiefly focused on the social history of 20th-century Germany. He is regarded by many as one of the world's foremost experts on Nazi Germany and noted for his biography of Adolf Hitler.

Kershaw worked at the University of Sheffield. He has called German historian Martin Broszat an "inspirational mentor" who did much to shape his understanding of Nazi Germany. Kershaw has served as historical adviser on numerous BBC documentaries, notably The Nazis: A Warning from History and War of the Century.
Chi River (Hanshui)
The Chi River (Chinese: 池河; pinyin: Chí Hé) is a Chinese river that is a tributary to the Hanshui, or Han River, which ultimately flows into the Yangtze. Its total length is 114 kilometres (71 mi) and drains an area of 1,033 square kilometres (399 sq mi). The difference in elevation between its source and mouth is 1,914 metres (6,280 ft).

Han River (Hubei and Shaanxi)
The Han River, also known by its Chinese names Hanshui and Hanjiang, is a major river in Central China. A left tributary of the Yangtze, the longest river in Asia, it has a length of 1,532 km (952 mi) and is the longest tributary of the Yangtze system.

The river gave its name to the ancient Chinese Han dynasty, which marked one of ancient China's first golden ages and through it, to the Han Chinese, the dominant ethnic group in modern China and the most populous ethnic group in the world.  It is also the namesake of the city of Hanzhong on its upper course.
Pirna 014
The Pirna 014 was an axial turbojet designed in East Germany (or the GDR) in the mid- to late 1950s by former Junkers engineers, who were repatriated to East Germany in 1954 after being held in custody in the Soviet Union following World War II.

Junkers Jumo 004
The Junkers Jumo 004 was the world's first production turbojet engine in operational use, and the first successful axial compressor turbojet engine. Some 8,000 units were manufactured by Junkers in Germany late in World War II, powering the Messerschmitt Me 262 fighter and the Arado Ar 234 reconnaissance/bomber, along with prototypes, including the Horten Ho 229. Variants and copies of the engine were produced in Eastern Europe and the USSR for several years following the end of WWII.
2001 PBA Governors' Cup finals
The 2001 PBA Governor's Cup finals was the best-of-7 championship series of the 2001 PBA Governor's Cup and the conclusion of the conference's playoffs. The Sta. Lucia Realtors and San Miguel Beermen played for the 80th championship contested by the league.

Sta. Lucia Realtors captured their first-ever PBA title after 8 years of participation in the league, winning over defending champions San Miguel Beermen in six games.

Gerald Francisco won his first finals MVP in Governors Cup finals.

2001 PBA Governors' Cup
The 2001 Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) Governors' Cup was the third conference of the 2001 PBA season. It started on September 8 and ended on December 16. The tournament is an import-laden format, which requires an import or a pure-foreign player for each team.
FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships 2019 – Women's snowboard big air
The Women's snowboard big air competition at the FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships 2019 was scheduled to be held on February 5 and 6, 2019. Due to bad weather conditions, the competition was cancelled.

FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships 2019
The 2019 FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships was held in Utah, in resorts Park City, Deer Valley and Solitude Mountain, from February 1 to 10, 2019.

19-year-old Dmitry Loginov of Russia became the youngest World Champion in Parallel Giant Slalom and the only snowboarder to win back-to-back events (parallel slalom and parallel giant slalom) in both junior and senior championships.
Nabih Berri
Nabih Mustafa Berri (Arabic: نبيه مصطفى برّي, romanized: Nabīh Muṣṭafā Barriyy pronunciationⓘ; born 28 January 1938) is a Lebanese politician who has been serving as Speaker of the Parliament of Lebanon since 1992. He heads the Amal Movement and its parliamentary wing, Development and Liberation Bloc.

Salim Al-Huss
Salim Ahmad al-Huss (Arabic: سليم أحمد الحص, romanized: Salīm ʾAḥmad al-Ḥuṣṣ; 20 December 1929 – 25 August 2024), also spelled Selim El-Hoss, was a Lebanese politician who served as the prime minister of Lebanon and a longtime Member of Parliament representing his hometown, Beirut. He was known as a technocrat.
Documentation
Documentation is any communicable material that is used to describe, explain, or instruct regarding some attributes of an object, system, or procedure, such as its parts, assembly, installation, maintenance, and use. As a form of knowledge management and knowledge organization, documentation can be provided on paper, online, or on digital or analog media, such as audio tape or CDs. Examples of such resources include user guides, white papers, online help, and quick-reference guides. Paper or hard-copy documentation has become less common. Contemporary documentation is often distributed through websites, software products, and other online applications.

Documentation, understood as a set of instructional materials, should not be confused with documentation science, which is the study of the recording and retrieval of information.

Functional specification
A functional specification (also, functional spec, specs, functional specifications document (FSD), functional requirements specification) in systems engineering and software development is a document that specifies the functions that a system or component must perform (often part of a requirements specification) (ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765-2010).

The documentation typically describes what is needed by the system user as well as requested properties of inputs and outputs (e.g. of the software system). A functional specification is the more technical response to a matching requirements document, e.g. the product requirements document "PRD". Thus it picks up the results of the requirements analysis stage. On more complex systems multiple levels of functional specifications will typically nest to each other, e.g. on the system level, on the module level and on the level of technical details.