hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Second Republic of Uganda
The Second Republic of Uganda existed from 1971 to 1979, when Uganda was ruled by Idi Amin's military dictatorship. Amin's rule formally came to an end with the Uganda-Tanzania War, which ended with Tanzania occupying Uganda and Amin fleeing into exile.

The Ugandan economy was devastated by Idi Amin's policies, including the expulsion of Asians, the nationalisation of businesses and industry, and the expansion of the public sector. The real value of salaries and wages collapsed by 90% in less than a decade. The number of people killed as a result of his regime is unknown; estimates from international observers and human rights groups range from 100,000 to 500,000.

Military dictatorship
A military dictatorship is a type of dictatorship where supreme power is held and exercised by the armed forces. Military dictatorships are usually led by the commander-in-chief of the military or the leading figure in military junta. They are most often formed by military coups or by the empowerment of the military through a popular uprising in times of domestic unrest or instability. The military nominally seeks power to restore order or fight corruption, but the personal motivations of military officers will vary.

Modern military dictatorship developed in Latin America during the 19th century, and it expanded in Europe during the early-20th century. It saw a resurgence during the Cold War, and new military dictatorships were established in Africa, Asia, and Latin America in the 1960s. Some scholars have asserted that the number of military dictatorships has declined since the end of the Cold War.
County of Saarwerden
The County of Saarwerden (German: Grafschaft Saarwerden; French: Comté de Sarrewerden) was a county located in Lorraine, within the Holy Roman Empire. As a second-level fief, it belonged to its local ruler and not to the emperor. Its capital was in Bockenheim (situated on the right side of the Saar) and later in New Saarwerden or Ville Neuve de Sarrewerden (on the left side of the Saar), both in the present city of Sarre-Union. Today, the area of the county belongs to Bas-Rhin, Alsace.

Herbitzheim
Herbitzheim (French pronunciation: [ɛʁbitsaim]) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

Herbitzheim is one of 45 member communes of the Communauté de communes de l'Alsace Bossue.
HD 72108
HD 72108 (A Vel, A Velorum) is a star system in the constellation Vela.  It is approximately 1640 light years from Earth.

The primary component, HD 72108 A, is a blue-white B-type subgiant with an apparent magnitude of +5.33.  It is a spectroscopic binary, whose components are separated by 0.176 arcseconds. At a distance of 4 arcseconds away is the third component, the magnitude +7.7 HD 72108 B.  The fourth component, HD 72108 C has an apparent magnitude of +9.3, and is 19 arcseconds from the primary.

Vela (constellation)
Vela is a constellation in the southern sky, which contains the Vela Supercluster. Its name is Latin for the sails of a ship, and it was originally part of a larger constellation, the ship Argo Navis, which was later divided into three parts, the others being Carina and Puppis. With an apparent magnitude of 1.8, its brightest star is the hot blue multiple star Gamma Velorum, one component of which is the closest and brightest Wolf-Rayet star in the sky. Delta and Kappa Velorum, together with Epsilon and Iota Carinae, form the asterism known as the False Cross. 1.95-magnitude Delta is actually a triple or quintuple star system.
Nottingham Civic Society
The Nottingham Civic Society is a civic society based in the city of Nottingham, England.

The society was founded in 1962 and aims to care for the city of Nottingham, especially with respect to its historic buildings and heritage. Meetings are held at Nottingham Mechanics, North Sherwood Street, previously at St Barnabas Cathedral Hall.

Nottingham Mechanics' Institution
The Nottingham Mechanics' Institution was founded in 1837 in Nottingham to improve the knowledge of working men with classes and lectures, the provision of libraries, performances of music, drama and readings, and through social contact with a good cross-section of the better educated members of the community with the aim:

TO PROMOTE THE BENEFIT OF THE INHABITANTS OF THE CITY OF NOTTINGHAM AND THE NEIGHBOURHOOD AREAS THEREOF BY THE ADVANCEMENT OF EDUCATION AND THE PROVISION, IN THE INTERESTS OF SOCIAL WELFARE AND WITH THE OBJECT OF IMPROVING CONDITIONS OF LIFE, OF FACILITIES FOR RECREATION AND OTHER LEISURE-TIME OCCUPATION.

They are an educational charity still based in the City.
Bird-and-flower painting
Bird-and-flower painting, called Huaniaohua (Chinese: 花鳥畫; pinyin: huāniǎohuà) in Chinese, is a kind of Chinese painting with a long tradition in China and is considered one of the treasures of Chinese culture. The huaniaohua was named after its subject matter. It originated in the Tang dynasty where it gained popularity, matured by the end of that period and during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, and fully reached its peak during the Song dynasty. Most huaniaohua paintings belong to the scholar-artist style of Chinese painting. In the coming centuries, the genre gained popularity and spread throughout the East Asian cultural sphere. It also had an influence on Iranian painting in the golomorgh genre of illustration for book covers and illuminated manuscripts.

Gongbi
Gongbi (simplified Chinese: 工笔; traditional Chinese: 工筆; pinyin: gōng bǐ; Wade–Giles: kung-pi) is a careful realist technique in Chinese painting, the opposite of the interpretive and freely expressive xieyi (寫意 'sketching thoughts') style.

The name is from the Chinese gong jin meaning 'tidy' (meticulous brush craftsmanship). The gongbi technique uses highly detailed brushstrokes that delimits details very precisely and without independent or expressive variation. It is often highly colored and usually depicts figural or narrative subjects.

The term related to gongbi, jiehua (Traditional: 界畫, Simplified: 界画) meaning "boundary painting", refers to the accurate depiction of architectural forms aided by the ruler.
Interrupt priority level
The interrupt priority level (IPL) is a part of the current system interrupt state, which indicates the interrupt requests that will currently be accepted. The IPL may be indicated in hardware by the registers in a programmable interrupt controller, or in software by a bitmask or integer value and source code of threads.

Programmable interrupt controller
In computing, a programmable interrupt controller (PIC) is an integrated circuit that helps a microprocessor (or CPU) handle interrupt requests (IRQs) coming from multiple different sources (like external I/O devices) which may occur simultaneously. It helps prioritize IRQs so that the CPU switches execution to the most appropriate interrupt handler (ISR) after the PIC assesses the IRQs' relative priorities. Common modes of interrupt priority include hard priorities, rotating priorities, and cascading priorities.  PICs often allow mapping input to outputs in a configurable way. On the PC architecture PIC are typically embedded into a southbridge chip whose internal architecture is defined by the chipset vendor's standards.
2020 Cavan Intermediate Football Championship
The 2020 Cavan Intermediate Football Championship was the 56th edition of Cavan GAA's premier Gaelic football tournament for intermediate graded clubs in County Cavan, Ireland. The tournament consists of 15 teams, the winner will not represent Cavan in the Ulster Intermediate Club Football Championship this year due to its cancellation.

The championship starts with a league stage and then progresses to a knock out stage. The COVID-19 pandemic brought forward the beginning and end dates for the championship but the format was not changed, although there was no relegation this year.

Ballinagh won the championship by defeating first-time finalists Butlersbridge in the decider.

Cavan Intermediate Football Championship
The Cavan Senior Football Championship is an annual Gaelic football competition organised by Cavan GAA. It is played between the fourteen intermediate-graded clubs in County Cavan. It was first competed for in 1915, before a lapse prior to being revived in 1966. The winners are awarded the Tommy Gilroy Cup and go on to represent Cavan in the Ulster Intermediate Club Football Championship. The winners are also promoted to the Cavan Senior Football Championship for the following year.

Five different clubs—Arva, Ballinagh, Cuchulainns, Lacken, and Templeport—have won the competition four times. Cuchulainns are the current champions after beating Butlersbridge in the 2025 final.
Taira Ski Area
Taira Ski Area (たいらスキー場, Taira Sukī-jō) is a skiing venue located in Nanto, Toyama, Japan.

This ski resort was built in Nashitani village, which belongs to the Gokayama region. It is about a 10-minute drive from the Historic Villages of Ainokura.

The ski resort opened in 1985, and the second romance lift was completed on 19 December, 1987.Currently, five courses are set up on three pair lifts.

Gokayama
Gokayama (Japanese: 五箇山) is an area within the city of Nanto in Toyama Prefecture, Japan. It has been inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List due to its traditional gasshō-zukuri houses, alongside nearby Shirakawa-gō in Gifu Prefecture. The survival of this traditional architectural style is attributed to the region's secluded location in the upper reaches of the Shōgawa river. This is also the reason that Gokayama's lifestyle and culture remained very traditional for many years after the majority of the country had modernized. Many of the houses surpass 300 years in age.

The Gokayama region includes the former villages of Taira, Kamitaira, and Toga. The gasshō hamlet of Ainokura is located in Taira, while that of Suganuma is in Kamitaira; both are nationally designated Historic Sites.
2004 Monaco F3000 round
The 2004 Monaco F3000 round was a motor racing event held on 22 May 2004 at the Circuit de Monaco, Monaco. It was the threth round of the 2004 International Formula 3000 Championship, and was held in support of the 2004 Monaco Grand Prix.

2004 International Formula 3000 Championship
The 2004 International Formula 3000 season was the thirty-eight season of the second-tier of Formula One feeder championship and also twentieth and final season under the International Formula 3000 Championship moniker. It featured the 2004 FIA Formula 3000 International Championship, which was contested over ten rounds from 24 April to 11 September 2004.  Two titles were awarded, a Championship for Drivers and a Championship for Teams. This was the final FIA Formula 3000 International Championship before it was replaced by the GP2 Series in 2005.
Washington State Route 971
State Route 971 (SR 971) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Washington. It runs for 15 miles (24 km) and primarily serves Lake Chelan State Park, with both of its termini at U.S. Route 97 Alternate (US 97A) southwest of Chelan. SR 971 has the highest highway number in the state.

The highway traverses Navarre Coulee along the route of a 19th-century road that was later connected to Chelan in the 1910s. Both roads were paved in the 1960s and incorporated into SR 971 when it was established by the state legislature in 1991.

State highways in Washington
The State Highways of Washington in the U.S. state of Washington comprise a network of over 7,000 miles (11,270 km) of state highways, including all Interstate and U.S. Highways that pass through the state, maintained by the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT). The system spans 8.5% of the state's public road mileage, but carries over half of the traffic. All other public roads in the state are either inside incorporated places (cities or towns) or are maintained by the county.  The state highway symbol is a white silhouette of George Washington's head (whom the state is named after).
Quintuple Coalition
The Quintuple Coalition refers to the electoral alliance of five revolutionary groups contesting in the 1979 Iranian Constitutional Convention election. The groups in coalition had Islamic and radical orientations. After the elections, the coalition sent an open letter to Ruhollah Khomeini and complained about "fraud".

1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election
Constitutional Convention elections were held in Iran on 3 and 4 August 1979. The result was a victory for the Islamic Republican Party. There were 10,784,932 votes cast in the elections, marking 51.71% turnout. Of all members elected, 68% were clerics.

The new constitution drawn up by the body was approved by the voters in a referendum in December.
Normal automorphism
In mathematics, in the realm of group theory, a normal automorphism of a group is an automorphism that takes every normal subgroup bijectively to itself. As a result, it gives a corresponding automorphism for every quotient group.

All family automorphisms are normal, and particularly, all class automorphisms and power automorphisms are. As well, all inner automorphisms are normal (but not vice versa), and more generally, any automorphism defined by an algebraic formula is normal.

Inner automorphism
In abstract algebra, an inner automorphism is an automorphism of a group, ring, or algebra given by the conjugation action of a fixed element, called the conjugating element. They can be realized via operations from within the group itself, hence the adjective "inner". These inner automorphisms form a subgroup of the automorphism group, and the quotient of the automorphism group by this subgroup is defined as the outer automorphism group.
Oued Fes
The Oued Fes (Arabic: واد فاس, lit. 'River of Fes') or Fez River is a river in Morocco. It is a tributary of the Sebou River and historically the main source of water for Morocco's second largest city, Fes, after which it is named.

The river consists of a number of different streams which originate in the Saïss Plain to the south and west of Fes before joining together in the area of Fes el-Bali, the old city (medina) of Fes. Over the centuries the river has been split and diverted into a multitude of canals that distributed water across the city and once powered a number of historic waterwheels. These various water channels converge into the Oued Bou Khrareb which runs through the middle of the old city and historically divided the Qarawiyyin and Andalusiyyin quarters. After the river leaves the city it runs eastwards for a short distance before joining the Sebou River. The various branches and sections of the river, including many of the man-made canals, also have their own names.

Sebou River
The Sebou (Berber: Asif en Sbu, Arabic: سبو) is a river in northern Morocco.  At its source in the Middle Atlas mountains it is known as the Guigou River (Berber: Asif n Gigu). The river is 496 kilometers long and has an average water flow of 137 m3/s, which makes it the largest North African river by volume. It passes near Fes, the second largest city in Morocco, and discharges to the Atlantic Ocean at Mehdya. Sebou is navigable for only 16 km as far as the city of Kenitra, which has the only river port in Morocco. Its most important tributaries are the Ouergha River, Baht River and Inaouen River. The river supports irrigation in Morocco's most fertile region: the Gharb.
Høgeloft
Høgeloft is a mountain on the border between Lærdal Municipality (in Vestland county) and Hemsedal Municipality (in Buskerud county), Norway. At 1,920 metres (6,300 ft) above sea level, it is the highest mountain in the Filefjell mountain range. Høgeloft is one of the mountains in the Hemsedal Top 20 group.

Høgeloft is located about 22 kilometres (14 mi) east of the village of Borgund in Lærdal Municipality, not far from the European route E16 highway and the old Filefjell Kongevegen road. The lake Juklevatnet lies at the southern base of the mountain and the lake Eldrevatnet lies 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the southwest of the mountain.

Borgund, Lærdal
Borgund is a small village in Lærdal Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It lies along the European route E16 highway, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of the village of Lærdalsøyri. It is the site of the Borgund Church and the historic Borgund Stave Church.
Bundesstraße 462
The Bundesstraße 462 (B 462) is a German Bundesstraße or federal road. It runs from the Upper Rhine Plain near Rastatt for about 114 kilometres (71 mi) through the northern Black Forest to Rottweil. The section from Rastatt to Freudenstadt, which runs through the Murg valley to Baiersbronn, has been known since the 1960s as the Black Forest Valleys Road (Schwarzwald-Tälerstraße) and, along with the B 500 (Black Forest High Road), is one of the tourist routes in the Black Forest. Both roads meet in Freudenstadt.
In 2001 the section from Rastatt to Gaggenau was widened into a dual carriageway as far as Schloss Bad Rotenfels (Landesakademie) and a further widening to the centre of Gaggenau is planned. In 1997, the road through Gernsbach was relieved by the building of the 1,527-metre-long Gernsbach Tunnel.

Bundesstraße 500
The Bundesstraße 500 (B500) is a German federal highway. Intended mainly as a tourist road, it traverses the heights of the Black Forest in a north-south direction.

While plans for this road surfaced as early as the 1930s, only the parts from Baden-Baden to Freudenstadt as well as from Triberg to Waldshut could be finished before the war began. When the Bundesstraße 500 was enacted in the 1970s, the road was extended to the French border with a crossing of the river Rhine. To this date, the gap between the two road segments has not been closed.
Horatio Nelson Jackson
Horatio Nelson Jackson (March 25, 1872 – January 14, 1955) was a Canadian-American physician, Army medical officer, businessman, and automobile pioneer. In 1903, he and his hired mechanic and driving partner Sewall K. Crocker became the first people to drive an automobile across the United States, a road trip from San Francisco to New York City, with additional miles travelled to his home in Vermont.

Jackson served in World War I and was a key organizer of the American Legion, where he held the position of Vice Commander. He was also the owner of the Burlington Daily News, president of the Burlington Trust Bank, and owner of the first local radio station WCAX. He was nicknamed "The Mad Doctor."

Great Vermont Flood of 1927
The Great Flood of 1927  was a flooding event in Vermont, and some parts of the bordering states. In early November 1927, heavy rainfall across New England caused extensive and destructive flooding. Vermont experienced the majority of the damage. In total of 85 people died and damage exceeded $50 million.

Following a very wet October, record levels of rainfall fell in early November. The U.S. Geological Survey estimated 53% of the state received more than six inches of rain, (the greatest recorded amount being 9.86 inches (250 mm) in Somerset) which caused rivers throughout the state to flood. The flood is considered the worst flood in Vermont, with the only comparisons being the floods caused by Hurricane Irene in 2011 and those of July 2023.
Mustamäe
Mustamäe (Estonian for 'black hill') is one of the 8 administrative districts (Estonian: linnaosa) of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. The smallest by area (it covers only 8.1 km2), it is at the same time the second largest district by population with 66,305 inhabitants (As of 1 November 2014).
It is located 5 km from the centre of Tallinn and is bordered by the districts of Haabersti, Nõmme, and Kristiine. Local housing is mostly represented by panel blocks of flats five to nine storeys high, built in the 1960 to 1970s.

Kristiine
Kristiine (Estonian for 'Christina') is one of the 8 administrative districts (Estonian: linnaosa) of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia.

Kristiine is divided into 3 subdistricts (Estonian: asum):

Järve

Lilleküla

Tondi

The name of Kristiine originates from the Swedish Queen Christina, under whose rule in 1653 the area was divided into 46 pieces (each of them 9 ha) and sold to businessmen and city officials for 100 riksdaler. The whole area was called Christinental (Valley of Christina) and later Kristiine hayfield.

The elder of the district is Andrei Novikov (as of September 2013).
Military history of African Americans
The military history of Black-Americans spans African-American history, the history of the United States and the military history of the United States from the arrival of the first enslaved Africans during the colonial history of the United States to the present day. Black Americans have participated in every war which has been fought either by or within the United States, including the Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, the Mexican–American War, the Civil War, the Spanish–American War, World War I, World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, the war in Afghanistan, and the Iraq War.

24th Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 24th Infantry Regiment is a unit of the United States Army, active from 1869 until 1951, and since 1995. Before its original dissolution in 1951, it was primarily made up of African American soldiers.
Southern Aid Society–Dunbar Theater Building
The Southern Aid Society Building–Dunbar Theater is an historic structure located in the Shaw neighborhood of Washington, D.C.  The building was designed by architect Isaiah T. Hatton. Reginald W. Geare designed the theater portion of the building.  It was completed in 1921.  It has been listed on the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites since 1984 and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.  It is a contributing property in the Greater U Street Historic District.

U Street (Washington, D.C.)
The U Street Corridor or Greater U Street, sometimes known as Cardozo/Shaw, is a neighborhood in Washington, D.C., located in Northwest D.C. Centered along U Street, the neighborhood is one of Washington's most popular nightlife and entertainment districts, as well as one of the most significant African American heritage districts in the country.

The area was largely built after the U.S. Civil War and with the arrival of the Washington streetcar system in the 1880s, the neighborhood development boomed. By 1920, the neighborhood was predominantly African-American and flourished as the "Black Broadway", the heart of African-American culture in Washington. The area declined for a period following the 1968 Washington riots, but recovered following the 1991 opening of the U Street station of the Washington Metro. Since the 2000s, the area has been subject to significant urban redevelopment and gentrification.
Gladys Merredew
Gladys Emily Merredew (5 January 1905 – 30 January 1972) was a British actress and singer, sometimes credited as Gladys Merridew or Gladys Meridew.  She was married to the actor Bernard Lee, and died in a house fire.

Cyril Fletcher
Cyril Fletcher (25 June 1913 – 2 January 2005) was an English comedian, broadcaster, pantomime impresario, actor, gardener and businessman. His catchphrase was "Pin back your lugholes". He was best known for his "Odd Odes", which later formed a section of the television show That's Life! from 1973 to 1981.
Robert Sutton (archdeacon of Lewes)
Christianity portal

Robert Sutton was an Anglican priest in the late 19th and early  20th century.

He was born in 1832 and educated at Eton  and at Exeter College, Oxford. He was ordained in 1856 and was Curate of St Botolph's Aldgate then the incumbent of St Leonards, Aston Clinton until 1861. He held further posts at Westhampnett, Slinfold and Pevensey before being appointed Archdeacon of Lewes in 1888. He retired in 1908 and died two years later.

Archdeacon of Hastings
The Archdeacon of Hastings is a senior ecclesiastical officer in the Church of England Diocese of Chichester. The Diocese of Chichester almost exactly covers the counties of East and West Sussex and the City of Brighton and Hove, stretching for nearly a hundred miles (160 km) along the south coast of England.