hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Al Caiola
Alexander Emil Caiola (September 7, 1920 – November 9, 2016) was an American guitarist, composer and arranger, who spanned a variety of music genres including jazz, country, rock, and pop. He recorded over fifty albums and worked with some of the biggest names in music during the 20th century, including Elvis Presley, Ray Conniff, Ferrante & Teicher, Frank Sinatra, Percy Faith, Astor Piazzolla, Buddy Holly, Mitch Miller, and Tony Bennett.

Johnny Mathis
John Royce Mathis (born September 30, 1935) is an American singer. Starting his career with singles of standard music, Mathis is one of the best-selling recording artists of the 20th century. He became highly popular as an album artist, with several of his albums achieving gold or platinum status and 73 making the Billboard charts.

Mathis has received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award and has been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame for three recordings. Although frequently described as a romantic singer, his discography includes traditional pop, Latin American, soul, rhythm and blues, show tunes, Tin Pan Alley, soft rock, blues, country music, and even a few disco songs for his album Mathis Magic in 1979. Mathis has also recorded seven albums of Christmas music. In a 1968 interview, he cited Lena Horne, Nat King Cole, and Bing Crosby among his musical influences.
Duchess (card game)
Duchess or Glenwood is a patience or solitaire card game which uses a deck of 52 playing cards. It has all four typical features of a traditional patience or solitaire game: a tableau, a reserve, a stock or talon and a wastepile. It is relatively easy to get out. It is a reserved packer, the same type of game as Canfield or Demon. Arnold describes it as "an interesting game with a fair chance of a favourable outcome."

David Parlett
David Parlett (born 18 May 1939 in London) is a games scholar, historian, and translator from South London, who has studied both card games and board games. He is the president of the British Skat Association.
Cedar Falls Historical Society
The Cedar Falls Historical Society is located in Cedar Falls, Iowa. It strives to preserve the history of Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County and Iowa through its collection and four museums. It is also involved with community outreach, educational programs, guided tours, and research.

Black Hawk County, Iowa
Black Hawk County is a county in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 131,144, making it Iowa's fifth-most populous county. The county seat is Waterloo.

Black Hawk County is part of the Waterloo – Cedar Falls metropolitan area.
Malolotja National Park
Malolotja National Park covers 180 km2 (69 sq mi) of mountain wilderness on Eswatini's northwestern border with South Africa. The park includes Ngwenya Mountain, Eswatini's second highest mountain (1,829 m), and Malolotja Falls which drop 89 metres (292 ft), the highest in Eswatini. Habitats include short grassland to thick riverine shrub, bushveld and Afromontane forest.

Malolotja National Park adjoins the Songimvelo Game Reserve in South Africa, and together they form the Songimvelo-Malolotja Transboundary Protected Area or Peace Park, which in turn is part of the Lubombo Transfrontier Conservation Area.

Lubombo Transfrontier Conservation Area
The Lubombo Transfrontier Conservation Area was born out of the Peace Park Foundation’s vision to establish a network of transfrontier conservation areas in southern Africa. It straddles the border between South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal province, southern Mozambique, and Eswatini.
Claudinho (footballer, born 1997)
Cláudio Luiz Rodrigues Parise Leonel (Russian: Клаудио Луиз Родригес Парисе Леонел; born 28 January 1997), commonly known as Claudinho, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder or a forward for Qatar Stars League club Al Sadd.

Campeonato Brasileiro Série B
The Campeonato Brasileiro Série B (commonly referred to as the Brasileirão Série B, the Série B or the Brazilian Série B to distinguish it from the Italian Serie B), and currently officially called Brasileirão Série B Superbet for sponsorship reasons) is the second tier of the Brazilian football league system, which is organized by the Brazilian Football Confederation.

The competition was played for the first time in 1971, and for a long time, the competition format was inconsistent, with changes happening frequently. Also, there were years where the competition was not played at all.

Since 2006 it has been contested by 20 teams in a double round-robin format with 38 matches, with the top four teams being promoted to the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A group and the bottom four teams being relegated to the Campeonato Brasileiro Série C.
Diocese of Moesiae
The Diocese of Moesia (Latin: Dioecesis Moesiarum, Greek: Διοίκησις Μοισίας) was a diocese of the later Roman Empire, in the area of modern western Bulgaria, central Serbia, Montenegro, Albania, North Macedonia, and Greece.

Thessaly
Thessaly (/ˈθɛsəli/ THESS-ə-lee; Greek: Θεσσαλία, romanized: Thessalía [θesaˈli.a]; ancient Thessalian: Πετθαλία, Petthalía) is a traditional geographic and modern administrative region of Greece, comprising most of the ancient region of the same name. Before the Greek Dark Ages, Thessaly was known as Aeolia (Ancient Greek: Αἰολία, Aiolía), and appears in Homer's Odyssey.

Thessaly became part of the modern Greek state in 1881, after four and a half centuries of Ottoman rule. Since 1987 it has formed one of the country's 13 regions and is further (since the Kallikratis reform of 2011) sub-divided into five regional units and 25 municipalities. The capital of the region is Larissa. Thessaly lies in northern central Greece and borders the regions of Macedonia to the north, Epirus to the west, Central Greece to the south, and the Aegean Sea to the east. The Thessaly region also includes the Sporades islands.
Domingo de Arrivillaga y Urdinsso
Captain Domingo de Arrivillaga y Urdinsso (1605 – December 6, 1664), was a prominent Basque soldier, settler, and administrator in Santiago de Guatemala (present day Antigua Guatemala). He was the progenitor of the aristocratic Arrivillaga clan, which played a pivotal role in Guatemalan history throughout the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.

Veragua
The name Veragua or Veraguas was used for five Spanish colonial territorial entities in Central America, beginning in the 16th century during the Spanish colonization of the Americas.

The term comes from the name given to the region by Central American indigenous peoples and was used to designate colonial territories in what is now Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama.

Originally, the name was written without an "s" (Veragua). However, the form Veraguas began to be officially used following two royal documents: the Royal Decree of August 20, 1739, and the Royal Mandate of June 20, 1751.
Sara Levy (née Itzig)
Sara Levy, born Sara Itzig (19 June 1761 Berlin – 11 May 1854 Berlin) was a German harpsichordist, patron of the arts and music collector. Her salon was the meeting place of the most important musicians and scholars in Berlin, and she was also known as a philanthropist.

Berlin State Library
The Berlin State Library (German: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin; officially abbreviated as SBB, colloquially Stabi) is a universal library in Berlin, Germany, and a property of the German public cultural organization the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation (German: Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz).

Founded in 1661, it is among the largest libraries in Europe, and one of the most important academic research libraries in the German-speaking world. It collects texts, media and cultural works from all fields across many languages, from all time periods and all countries of the world, and offers them for academic and research purposes.

Prominent items in its collection include the oldest biblical illustrations in the fifth-century Quedlinburg Itala fragment, a Gutenberg Bible, the main autograph collection of Goethe, the world's largest collection of Johann Sebastian Bach's and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's manuscripts, and the original score of Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony № 9.
How Girls Can Help to Build Up the Empire
The Handbook for Girl Guides or How Girls Can Help to Build Up the Empire is the full title of the book more commonly known as How Girls Can Help to Build up the Empire (referring to the British Empire). It was the first handbook for Girl Guides. The author was Agnes Baden-Powell in conjunction with her elder brother, then Lieutenant-General Sir Robert Baden-Powell. It was published in May 1912 by Thomas Nelson and Sons. One edition omits the word "up" from the title.

Girl Guides
Girl Guides (or Girl Scouts in the United States and some other countries) are organisations within the Scout Movement originally and largely still for girls and women only. The Girl Guides began in 1910 with the formation of The Girl Guides Association in the United Kingdom, following which, similar girl-only organisations were formed in other countries. Many girls and some organisations preferred to use the name Girl Scouts.
Mabruk (album)
Mabruk is the first LP of Sahrawi singer Aziza Brahim, after her 2008 EP Mi Canto. The album is accompanied by a 16-page booklet which includes French translation of the songs, and a text by Sahrawi writer Bahia Mahmud Awah on the history of their people. It was elected as 2012 World Music Album of the Year by the Dutch magazine Heaven.

Mi Canto
Mi Canto is the debut solo digital ep of Sahrawi singer Aziza Brahim. It was released worldwide on 12 January 2009 by the French label Reaktion, reaching shortly after number one on the World music list of the web Emusic.com. Brahim, who produced the album herself, is accompanied by her band Gulili Mankoo in the recording.

In an interview during the recording of the album, Aziza Brahim remarked the fusion of the traditional Sahrawi music with other African musical traditions (wolof, bambara...) and instruments (djembe, darbuka...), and the use of modern musical structures instead of the Haul traditional ones. The song who gave name to the album, "Mi Canto", was composed years ago by Brahim and Nayim Alal. The lyrics are in Hassaniya, except the song "Hijo de las nubes", which is sung in Spanish.
Battle of Vyšehrad
The Battle of Vyšehrad was a series of engagements at the start of the Hussite War between Hussite forces and Catholic crusaders sent by King Sigismund. The battle took place at the castle of Vyšehrad from 16 August 1419 to c. 1 November 1420.

Mikuláš of Hus
Mikuláš of Hus (Czech: Mikuláš z Husi [ˈmɪkulaːʒ z ˈɦusɪ]; died 24 December 1420) was a Bohemian politician and leading representative of the Hussite movement. He died unexpectedly on 24 December 1420, leaving the position of first captain of the Taborites open to Jan Žižka.
Lee Kwan Woh v Public Prosecutor
Lee Kwan Woh v. Public Prosecutor, [2009] 5 MLJ 301 is a landmark case of the Federal Court of Malaysia, in which the court ruled that article 5(1) of the Federal Constitution of Malaysia guaranteed people the right to a fair trial and entrenched the doctrine of proportionality when read harmoniously with the equality clause under article 8(1) of the Federal Constitution. The Federal Court concluded that Lee Kwan Woh, the accused, was not given the opportunity to make a defence against the prosecution, depriving him of his right to a fair trial. The Federal Court also emphasised on a liberal and purposive approach in interpreting the Federal Constitution, outlining that the provisions pertaining to fundamental rights spelt out in the Federal Constitution (articles 5 to 13) ought to be interpreted in a generous and prismatic fashion rather than a literal and pedantic manner.

Federal Court of Malaysia
The Federal Court of Malaysia (Malay: Mahkamah Persekutuan Malaysia; Jawi: ‏محكمه ڤرسكوتوان مليسيا‎) is the highest court and the final appellate court in Malaysia. It is housed in the Palace of Justice in Putrajaya. The court was established during Malaya's independence in 1957 and received its current name in 1994.
Orthocarpus cuspidatus
Orthocarpus cuspidatus is a species of flowering plant in the broomrape family known by the common names Copeland's owl's clover, Siskiyou Mountains orthocarpus, and toothed owl's-clover. It is native to mountain and plateau habitat in Oregon, California, and Nevada. It is an annual herb producing a slender, glandular, hairy, purple-green stem up to about 40 centimeters tall. The narrow leaves are up to 5 centimeters long, the upper ones deeply divided into three linear lobes. The inflorescence is a dense cylindrical spike of wide, oval green bracts with pinkish points. The flowers emerge from between the bracts. Each purple-pink flower is fuzzy in texture and club-shaped, the lower lip an expanded pouch and the upper lip a narrow, straight beak.

Orobanchaceae
Orobanchaceae, the broomrapes, is a family of mostly parasitic plants of the order Lamiales, with about 90 genera and more than 2000 species. Many of these genera (e.g., Pedicularis, Rhinanthus, Striga) were formerly included in the family Scrophulariaceae sensu lato. With its new circumscription, Orobanchaceae forms a distinct, monophyletic family. From a phylogenetic perspective, it is defined as the largest crown clade containing Orobanche major and relatives, but neither Paulownia tomentosa nor Phryma leptostachya nor Mazus japonicus.

The Orobanchaceae are annual herbs or perennial herbs or shrubs, and most (all except Lindenbergia, Rehmannia and Triaenophora) are parasitic on the roots of other plants—either holoparasitic or hemiparasitic (fully or partly parasitic). The holoparasitic species lack chlorophyll and therefore cannot perform photosynthesis.
2018 in paleoichthyology
Paleontology portal

History of science portal

This list of fossil fish described in 2018 is a list of new taxa of jawless vertebrates, placoderms, acanthodians, fossil cartilaginous fish, bony fish, and other fish of every kind described during the year 2018, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology occurring in 2018.

Hybodontiformes
Hybodontiformes, commonly called hybodonts, are an extinct group of shark-like cartilaginous fish (chondrichthyans) which existed from the late Devonian to the Late Cretaceous. Hybodonts share a close common ancestry with modern sharks and rays (Neoselachii) as part of the clade Euselachii. They are distinguished from other chondrichthyans by their distinctive fin spines and cephalic spines present on the heads of males. An ecologically diverse group, they were abundant in marine and freshwater environments during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic, but were rare in open marine environments by the end of the Jurassic, having been largely replaced by modern sharks, though they were still common in freshwater and marginal marine habitats. They survived until the end of the Cretaceous, before going extinct.
Naro Moru river
The Naro Moru River starts on Mount Kenya and flows down to the west, through Nyeri County, Kenya, into the Ewaso Ng'iro River. The North and South Naro Moru Rivers are fed by the Teleki Tarn, Lewis Glacier, Tyndall Tarn and Glacier, Hut Tarn and Darwin Glacier at the peaks of Mount Kenya. They join at 2,810 m (9,200 ft) above sea level. The Naro Moru River flows for around 50 km (31 mi), through Naro Moru town, until it reaches the Ewaso Ngiro River. The catchment area of the Naro Moru River is around 83 km2.

Nyeri County
Nyeri County is a county located in the Mount Kenya region of Kenya. Its capital and largest town is Nyeri. It had a population of 759,164 according to the 2019 census and an area of 2361 km2.

Mutahi Kahiga was governor as of 2022. Previous governors include Nderitu Gachagua, who died while receiving treatment in London, Wamathai Samuel Githaiga, and Wahome Gakuru, who died in a road accident at Kabati near Kenol heading towards Thika Super Highway. It is also the home county of the third president of Kenya, the late President Mwai Kibaki.
2026 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that are currently scheduled to occur in 2026.  Please be aware that the actual dates on which these events occur may differ substantially from what is shown here.

Porto Metro
The Porto Metro (Portuguese: Metro do Porto) is a light rail network in Porto, Portugal and a key part of the city's public transport system. It runs underground in central Porto and above ground into the city's suburbs while using low-floor tram vehicles. The first parts of the system have been in operation since 2002.

The network has 6 lines and reaches seven municipalities within the metropolitan Porto area: Porto, Gondomar, Maia, Matosinhos, Póvoa de Varzim, Vila do Conde and Vila Nova de Gaia. It currently has a total of 85 operational stations across 70 kilometres (43 mi) of double track commercial line. Most of the system is at ground level or elevated, but 8.3 kilometres (5.2 mi) of the network is underground. The system is run by ViaPORTO.

The Porto Metro has received the Veronica Rudge Green Prize in Urban Design from Harvard University's Graduate School of Design in 2013.
Ephraim P. Holmes
Ephraim Paul Holmes (May 14, 1908 – February 23, 1997) was a four-star admiral in the United States Navy who served as commander in chief of the U.S. Atlantic Fleet and Supreme Allied Commander, Atlantic from 1967 to 1970.

Philippine Liberation Medal
The Philippine Liberation Medal is a military award of the Republic of the Philippines which was created by an order of Commonwealth Army of the Philippines Headquarters on December 20, 1944, and was issued as the Philippine Liberation Ribbon. The decoration was presented to any service member, of both Philippine Commonwealth and allied militaries, who participated in the liberation of the Philippine Islands between October 17, 1944, and September 2, 1945. A full-sized medal was authorized and added on July 22, 1945.

The Philippine Liberation Medal is intended to recognize military service during the last eleven months of World War II when the military of Japan was driven from the Philippines before their surrender in September 1945.
2011 Sparkassen Giro
The women's race of the 2011 Sparkassen Giro Bochum took place on 31 July 2011. It was the 11th women's edition of the Sparkassen Giro Bochum. The race started and ended in Bochum, Germany and spanned 73 km (45.4 mi). The race is a UCI 1.1 category race.

Ellen van Dijk, who won the race at the 2010 Sparkassen Giro Bochum, did not participate in this edition.

Sparkassen Giro Bochum
The Sparkassen Giro Bochum was a road bicycle race held for both men's and women's around an urban circuit in the German city of Bochum, Germany. The race was first held in 1998, and was last held in 2019. The men's race was part of the UCI Europe Tour from 2005, being organised as 1.1 race. The women's race was part of the UCI Women's Road World Cup in 2014 and 2015, but did not join the UCI Women's World Tour for 2016.

In 2022, it was announced that the race would not return, after the 2020 and 2021 editions had been cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Maurice O'Connell (Fine Gael politician)
Maurice Hugh O'Connell (20 October 1936 – 6 April 2016) was a senator in Ireland. He was born in Penang, Malaysia.

He was a member of the Dublin City Council from 1967 to 1973. At the 1969 general election, he stood unsuccessfully as an independent candidate in the Dublin South-Central constituency.

He later joined Fine Gael and served in the Seanad from 1981 to 1983, elected to the short-lived 15th Seanad and 16th Seanad on the Labour Panel. He was defeated in the 1983 election to the 17th Seanad.

His great uncle William Hickie served as a senator from 1925 to 1936.

O'Connell died in Tralee on 6 April 2016, at the age of 79.

15th Seanad
The 15th Seanad was in office from 1981 to 1982. An election to Seanad Éireann, the senate of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament), followed the 1981 general election to the 22nd Dáil. The senators served until the close of poll for the 16th Seanad.
Orenstein & Koppel
Orenstein & Koppel (O&K) was a major German engineering company specialising in railway vehicles, escalators, and heavy equipment. It was founded on April 1, 1876, in Berlin by Benno Orenstein and Arthur Koppel.

Originally a general engineering company, O&K soon started to specialise in the manufacture of railway vehicles. The company also manufactured heavy equipment and escalators. O&K pulled out of the railway business in 1981. Its escalator-manufacturing division was spun off to the company's majority shareholder at the time, Friedrich Krupp AG Hoesch-Krupp, in 1996, leaving the company to focus primarily on construction machines. The construction-equipment business was sold to New Holland Construction, at the time part of the Fiat Group, in 1999.

4-6-0
A 4-6-0 steam locomotive, under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, has four leading wheels on two axles in a leading bogie and six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles with the absence of trailing wheels.

In the mid-19th century, this wheel arrangement became the second-most-popular configuration for new steam locomotives in the United States, where this type is commonly referred to as a Ten-wheeler. As locomotives pulling trains of lightweight all-wood passenger cars from the 1890 to the 1920s, they were exceptionally stable at near 100 mph (160 km/h) speeds on the New York Central's New York-to-Chicago Water Level Route and on the Reading Railroad's line from Camden to Atlantic City, New Jersey.
Nóra Hoffmann
Nóra Hoffmann (born 8 April 1985 in Budapest) is a Hungarian ice dancer. With Maxim Zavozin, she is the 2010 Cup of Russia silver medalist and a two-time (2009, 2010) Hungarian national champion. With Attila Elek, she is a two-time (2003–2004) World Junior silver medalist, the 2003 JGP Final champion, and a five-time (2003–2007) Hungarian national champion.

2004 World Junior Figure Skating Championships
The 2004 World Junior Figure Skating Championships were held at the De Uithof in The Hague, Netherlands between February 29 and March 7. Junior age eligible figure skaters competed for the title of World Junior Champion in men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

Due to the large number of participants, the men's and ladies' qualifying groups were split into groups A and B. The ice dancing qualifying event was split into two groups as well, with both groups doing the same dances in the same order. Group B skated their first and second dances one after the other, then Group A skated their first and second, in the same order. The first compulsory dance was the Quickstep and the second was the Paso Doble.
Fomalhaut C
Fomalhaut C, also designated LP 876-10, is the distant third star of the Fomalhaut system. It is about five degrees from Fomalhaut, roughly halfway between it and the Helix Nebula on the sky. It is currently 2.5 light-years (0.77 pc) from Fomalhaut (A), and 3.2 light-years away from Fomalhaut B (0.987 pc). The entire system is approximately 25 light-years (7.7 pc) from the Solar System.

Helix Nebula
The Helix Nebula (also known as NGC 7293 or Caldwell 63) is a planetary nebula (PN) located in the constellation Aquarius. Discovered by Karl Ludwig Harding, most likely before 1824, this object is one of the closest of all the bright planetary nebulae to Earth. The distance, measured by the Gaia mission, is 655±13 light-years. It is similar in appearance to the Cat's Eye Nebula and the Ring Nebula, whose size, age, and physical characteristics are in turn similar to the Dumbbell Nebula, differing only in their relative proximity and the appearance from the equatorial viewing angle.  The Helix Nebula has sometimes been referred to as the "Eye of God" in pop culture, as well as the "Eye of Sauron".