hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2014 Red Rock Pro Open
The 2014 Red Rock Pro Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the sixth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $50,000 in prize money. It took place in Las Vegas, United States, on 22–28 September 2014.

2014 ITF Women's Circuit
The 2014 ITF Women's Circuit is the 2014 edition of the second tier tour for women's professional tennis. It is organised by the International Tennis Federation and is a tier below the WTA Tour. The ITF Women's Circuit includes tournaments with prize money ranging from $10,000 up to $100,000.
Petro Vesklyarov
Petro Yukhymovych Vesklyarov (Ukrainian: Вескляров Петро Юхимович; June 10 [O.S. May 28] 1911 in Talne, Ukraine – January 5, 1994 in Kyiv) was a Soviet and Ukrainian theater and television actor.He was also known by the nickname Did Panas (Grandpa Panas, Ukrainian: дід Панас).

Born Pinchas Wechsler, Vesklyarov was an actor in a travelling workers' theatre between 1932 and 1940, and between 1946 and 1959 he performed at the Taras Shevchenko Musical-Drama Theatre in Lutsk, Volyn. Between 1959 and 1982 Veslklyarov worked in the Dovzhenko Film Studios, appearing in a number of films. He starred in the 1959 drama film Ivanna and appeared in the 1970 comedy film Two Days of Miracles. During this time (1964–1986) he appeared as the character "Дід Панас" (Grandpa Panas) in the television series "На добраніч, діти"  (Goodnight, children).

In 1973, he was awarded the title Meritorious Artist of the Ukrainian SSR.

Merited Artist of Ukraine
Honored Artist of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Заслужений артист України, romanized: Zasluzhenyi artyst Ukrainy; also translated as Honored (Performing) Artist of Ukraine or Merited (Performing) Artist of Ukraine) is a state honorary title of decoration of the Ukrainian government.  Originally awarded by the Ukrainian SSR, the award continued after Ukraine regained independence, recognizing outstanding achievement in the performing arts. The Law of Ukraine regulates it Regarding the State Awards of Ukraine (#1549-14).
ATAGS (howitzer)
The Advanced Towed Artillery Gun System (ATAGS) is a towed 155 mm, 52-calibre howitzer that is being developed for the Indian Army by Armament Research and Development Establishment (ARDE), Tata Advanced Systems (TASL) and Kalyani Strategic Systems (KSSL), a subsidiary of Bharat Forge. The latter two are the development and manufacturing partners for the programme. ATAGS is named Amogh in Indian Army service.

Vehicle Research and Development Establishment
Vehicle Research and Development Establishment (VRDE) is a laboratory of the Defence Research & Development Organization (DRDO) located at Vahannagar near Ahmednagar. Its primary function is research and development of various light tracked, wheeled and specialised vehicles for defence applications.
Rudolf Götz
Rudolf Götz (born 10 April 1983 in Prague) is a Czech sprinter, who specialized in the 400 metres. He set a personal best time of 45.78 seconds at the 2008 Ostrava Golden Spike in Ostrava, earning him a spot on the Czech track and field team for the Olympics. He is also a member of the athletics team for ASK Slavia Praha, and is coached and trained by Petr Novotny.

Gotz represented the Czech Republic at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed for the men's 400 metres. He ran in the fourth heat against seven other athletes, including Great Britain's Martyn Rooney and Jamaica's Ricardo Chambers, both of whom were heavy favorites in this event. He finished the race in sixth place by one hundredth of a second (0.01) ahead of Japan's Yuzo Kanemaru, with a time of 46.38 seconds. Gotz, however, failed to advance into the semi-finals, as he placed forty-second overall, and was ranked farther below three mandatory slots for the next round.

Martyn Rooney
Martyn Joseph Rooney (born 3 April 1987) is an English sprinter who specialises in the 400 metres event. He reached the 400 m final at the 2008 Summer Olympics and won bronze in the 4 × 400 metres relay. A mainstay on the anchor leg of the Great Britain and England 4 × 400 metre relay teams, at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics he won a silver medal with the Great Britain relay team, and bronze in the 2015 and 2017 World Championships.

Individually, Rooney was twice the European champion at 400 metres in 2014. and 2016.

A five time national champion, his personal best time of 44.45 seconds ranks sixth all-time in Great Britain behind national record-holder Matthew Hudson-Smith, Charlie Dobson, Roger Black, Mark Richardson and Iwan Thomas.
Krishnadevaraya's Bahmani expedition
Krishnadevaraya's Bahmani expedition or Krishnadevaraya's Deccan expedition was a pivotal event in the history of the Bahmani Sultanate and the Vijayanagara Empire in the medieval history of Deccan region, India. It marked a significant escalation in tensions between the powers in Deccan.

Mahmood Shah Bahmani II
Mahmood Shah (1470 – 27 December 1518) or Shihab-Ud-Din Mahmud was the sultan of the Bahmani Sultanate from 1482 until his death in 1518. His long rule is noted for the disintegration of the sultanate and the creation of the independent Deccan sultanates.
1991 Volvo Tennis Indoor
The 1991 Volvo Tennis Indoor was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts that was part of the Championship Series of the 1991 ATP Tour. It was the 21st edition of the tournament and tt took place in Memphis, Tennessee, United States, from February 18 through February 24, 1991. First-seeded Ivan Lendl, who entered on a wildcard, won the singles title and earned $99,000 first-prize money.

1991 ATP Tour
The 1991 IBM ATP Tour was the elite tour for professional men's tennis organized by the ATP Tour. The IBM ATP Tour included the Grand Slam tournaments (organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP Championship Series, Single-Week, the ATP Championship Series, the ATP World Series and the ATP Tour World Championships. The World Team Cup, Davis Cup (organized by the ITF) and Grand Slam Cup (organized by the ITF) are included in this calendar but did not count towards the Tour.
Zoilo Canavery
Zoilo Canavery (26 July 1893 – 29 September 1966) was a Uruguayan football player. Born in Montevideo, Canavery was a notable figure of Argentine sport during the 1910 and 1920 decades, playing in four of the "big five" of Argentina, such as Independiente, River Plate, Racing and Boca Juniors.

Canavery played the most of his career at Independiente, where he spent two tenures (1912–1918 and 1921–1928). With the Red Devils, he won two league championships (1922, 1926), and three Copa de Competencia (organised by dissident Asociación Amateurs de Football) in 1924, 1925 and 1926.

The Red Devils (Diablos Rojos in the original language) nickname was given to Independiente by a journalist who highlighted the skills and effectiveness team's attacking line formed by Canavery, Alberto Lalín, Luis Ravaschino, Manuel Seoane and Raimundo Orsi.

Copa de Honor Municipalidad de Buenos Aires
The Copa de Honor Municipalidad de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires (Municipality of Buenos Aires Honour Cup) was an Argentine official football cup competition. It was contested fourteen times between 1905 and 1920.

The cup was played as a single-elimination tournament, being contested by 8 tems in its first edition, up to 16 in its last season (1920).

Racing is the most winning team of the competition, with 4 titles.
Electoral district of Maroochydore
Maroochydore is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Queensland.

It covers parts of the Sunshine Coast and takes in coastal areas between Coolum Beach and Mooloolaba, including Maroochydore.

The seat is currently held by Fiona Simpson of the Liberal National Party, who has held it since its creation ahead of the 1992 state election. Simpson was the Deputy Leader of the National Party from 2006 to 2008.

Mooloolaba
Mooloolaba is a coastal suburb of Maroochydore in the Sunshine Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It is part of the Maroochydore urban centre. In the 2021 census, Mooloolaba had a population of 8,202 people.
2023 Tulane Green Wave football team
The 2023 Tulane Green Wave football team represented Tulane University in the American Athletic Conference (AAC) during the 2023 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Green Wave were led by Willie Fritz in his eighth and final year as head coach. They played their home games at Yulman Stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana. They entered this season as the defending AAC champions.

On December 3, Fritz was hired as the head coach for the Houston Cougars. Offensive coordinator Slade Nagle was named interim coach for the Military Bowl. On December 9, Troy head coach Jon Sumrall was named as the Green Wave's new head coach.

The Tulane Green Wave football team drew an average home attendance of 25,021 in 2023.

Yulman Stadium
Yulman Stadium is the on-campus venue for football at Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana. It currently has a capacity of 30,000 spectators, with 4,500 premium seats in two fan clubs – the Westfeldt Terrace and the Jill H. and Avram A. Glazer Family Club. The stadium's first game and grand opening was the 2014 season's home opener against its former Southern Conference and Southeastern Conference foe Georgia Tech on September 6, 2014.

Yulman replaced the Superdome as the home stadium of Tulane Green Wave football after 39 seasons at that venue, and it is situated on the university's Uptown campus between the Tulane baseball team's Turchin Stadium and the former site of Tulane's last on-campus football stadium, Tulane Stadium.
University of Leeds Boat Club
The University of Leeds Boat Club (UOLBC) is the rowing club for students at the University of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. The club races in green, burgundy and white colours representing those of the University of Leeds and is affiliated to British Rowing. The club owns and maintains a variety of different rowing and sculling boats of different classes.

Head of the River Race
The Head of the River Race (HORR) is an against-the-clock ('processional') rowing race for men's eights held annually on the River Thames in London, England; other such races are the Schools' Head of the River Race, Women's Eights Head of the River Race and Veterans' Head of the River Race.  Its competitors are, with a few experienced junior exceptions, seniors of UK or overseas clubs and it runs with the ebb tide down the 4.25 mile (6.8 km) Championship Course from Mortlake to Putney which usually one or two weeks later hosts the Oxford and Cambridge head-to-head races.

The race was founded on a much smaller scale, in 1925, by Steve Fairbairn – an influential rower then rowing coach of the early 20th century, who transformed the sport into one involving today's lengthier slides enabling conventional (Fairbairnized) racing shell propulsion.

"My dear boy, you are under a wrong impression. It is not a race, it is merely a means of getting crews to do long rows"
Tarsh
In post-classical Arabic, a ṭarsh (طرش) is an engraved block used for printing. They were made of wood or tin and were in use from around 900 to 1436/1444. There are over a hundred known Arabic blockprints on paper, parchment and possibly papyrus. They are mostly small strips intended for use in amulets. They have mainly been identified in public and private collections, but a few prints have been recovered archaeologically at Fusṭāṭ in Egypt. No physical specimen of a ṭarsh (wooden print block or metal matrix) itself has yet been found.

Alhamdulillah
Alhamdulillah (Arabic: ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّٰهِ, al-Ḥamdu lillāh) is an Arabic phrase meaning "praise be to God", sometimes translated as "thank God" or "thanks be to the Lord". This phrase is called Tahmid (Arabic: تَحْمِيد, lit. 'Praising'). A longer variant of the phrase is al-ḥamdu l-illāhi rabbi l-ʿālamīn (ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّٰهِ رَبِّ ٱلْعَالَمِينَ), meaning "all praise is due to God, Lord of all the universes", the first verse of Surah Al-Fatiha, the opening chapter of the Quran.

The phrase is frequently used by Muslims of every background due to its centrality in the texts of the Quran and Hadith, the words of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Its meaning and in-depth explanation have been the subject of much exegesis. It is also commonly used by non-Muslim speakers of the Arabic language.

A similar variation used in Christianity is the phrase "Hallelujah".
1966 AAA Championships
The 1966 AAA Championships was the 1966 edition of the annual outdoor track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association (AAA). It was held from 8 to 9 July 1966 at White City Stadium in London, England.

White City Stadium
White City Stadium in London, England, was built for the 1908 Summer Olympics. It hosted the finish of the first modern marathon and swimming, speedway, boxing, show jumping, athletics, stock car racing, concerts and a match at the 1966 World Cup.

From 1927, it was a venue for greyhound racing, hosting the English Greyhound Derby until its closure in 1984. The stadium was demolished in 1985 and the site is now occupied by White City Place.

White City was also used for stock car racing in the early seventies when Spedeworth promoted racing on Friday nights usually alternate Fridays to their Walthamstow promotions.
Gmina Dąbrowa Białostocka
Gmina Dąbrowa Białostocka is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Sokółka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Dąbrowa Białostocka, which lies approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Sokółka and 61 km (38 mi) north of the regional capital Białystok.

The gmina covers an area of 263.95 square kilometres (101.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 12,755 (out of which the population of Dąbrowa Białostocka amounts to 6,147, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 6,608).

Sokółka
Sokółka (pronounced [sɔˈkuu̯ka]; Belarusian: Саку́лка, Yiddish: סאקאלקע, romanized: Sokolke) is a town in northeastern Poland, seat of the Sokółka County in Podlaskie Voivodeship. It is a busy rail junction located on the international Warsaw–Białystok–Grodno line, with additional connections which go to Suwałki and the Lithuanian border.
Okapi BM25
In information retrieval, Okapi BM25 (BM is an abbreviation of best matching) is a ranking function used by search engines to estimate the relevance of documents to a given search query. It is based on the probabilistic retrieval framework developed in the 1970s and 1980s by Stephen E. Robertson, Karen Spärck Jones, and others.

The name of the actual ranking function is BM25. The fuller name, Okapi BM25, includes the name of the first system to use it, which was the Okapi information retrieval system, implemented at London's City University in the 1980s and 1990s. BM25 and its newer variants, e.g. BM25F (a version of BM25 that can take document structure and anchor text into account), represent TF-IDF-like retrieval functions used in document retrieval.

Ranking (information retrieval)
Ranking of query is one of the fundamental problems in information retrieval (IR), the scientific/engineering discipline behind search engines. Given a query q and a collection D of documents that match the query, the problem is to rank, that is, sort, the documents in D according to some criterion so that the "best" results appear early in the result list displayed to the user. Ranking in terms of information retrieval is an important concept in computer science and is used in many different applications such as search engine queries and recommender systems. A majority of search engines use ranking algorithms to provide users with accurate and relevant results.
First Nigerian Republic
The First Republic was the republican government of Nigeria between 1963 and 1966 governed by the first republican constitution. The country's government was based on a federal form of the Westminster system. The period between 1 October 1960, when the country gained its independence, and 15 January 1966, when the first military coup d’état took place, is also generally referred to as the First Republic. The first Republic of Nigeria was ruled by different leaders representing their regions as premiers in a federation during this period.

Eyo Ita
Eyo Ita /ˈeɪjoʊ ˈitɑː/ ⓘ (1903–1972) was a Nigerian educationist and politician from Creek Town, in present-day Cross River State,  who was the leader of the Eastern Government of Nigeria in 1951 and the second Professor in Nigeria. He was one of the earliest Nigerian students who studied in the United States instead of the frequent route of studying in the United Kingdom. He was a deputy national president of the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC) in the late 1940s and early 1950s.
Melodi Grand Prix Junior 2011
The Melodi Grand Prix Junior 2011 was Norway's tenth national Melodi Grand Prix Junior for young singers aged 8 to 15. It was held in Oslo Spektrum, Oslo, Norway and broadcast live Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK).

The winner was Sval Rosenløw Eeg, known as Sval, with the song "Trenger deg" (Norwegian for Need you).

Melodi Grand Prix Junior
Melodi Grand Prix Junior, also spelled as MGPjr, is a Norwegian television song competition for aspiring singers between the ages of 8 and 15 that was held annually between 2002 and 2022. The competing songs are written by the participants themselves and are sung primarily in Norwegian, and on several occasions, there were songs in Northern Sami, another language of Norway.

Many past winners went on to become stars, such as 2002's Nicolay Ramm, 2005's Malin Reitan, 2007's Celine Helgemo, 2009's Jørgen Dahl Moe, 2012's Marcus & Martinus, 2014's Mathea-Mari Glittenberg, and 2017's Oselie Henden.
Marl Mountains
The Marl Mountains are located in the Mojave National Preserve in eastern California in the United States, northeast of the Kelso Mountains.  The Marl Mountains lie just east of Kelbaker Road, which connects the town of Baker with the small community of Kelso, California.

Like the Beale Mountains to the east, the range is one of the smallest mountain ranges in the nation, and is only about four miles long.

The Marl Mountains are often visited by travelers on the historic Mojave Road wagon trail, which passes Marl Spring on the east side of the mountains.  Marl Spring was an important source of water to travelers crossing the dry Mojave Desert.  The cistern at Marl Spring is still often full of water today, although the water should be treated by a water filter before drinking it.

35°09′37″N 115°40′25″W﻿ / ﻿35.16028°N 115.67361°W﻿ / 35.16028; -115.67361

Kelso, California
Kelso is a ghost town and defunct railroad depot in the Mojave National Preserve in San Bernardino County, California, USA. It was named after railroad worker John H. Kelso, whose name was placed into a hat along with two other workers to decide the name of the town. The town was built in 1905 specifically as a railroad station along the rail line between Utah and Los Angeles, originally called "Siding 16," because of its location and nearby springs that provided abundant water. Historic Spots in California states, "At Kelso stands a beautiful Spanish-style Union Pacific Depot built about 1906, surrounded by shade trees, a welcome rarity in the hot, barren desert."
Schloss Lauterecken
The Veldenz Schloss of Lauterecken (German: Veldenzschloss Lauterecken) stands in the little Palatine town of Lauterecken and is a cultural monument. It was once the residence of the counts of Palatinate-Veldenz, who lived for four generations that lasted for 151. The schloss is at Veldenzplatz 1. Since 2017 it has been converted and renovated internally in order to become a new 'jewel' for the town of  Lauterecken.

Lauterecken
Lauterecken (German pronunciation: [ˈlaʊtɐˌʔɛkn̩] ⓘ) is a town in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein, to which it also belongs. Lauterecken bears the nickname Veldenzstadt, after the comital family that once held sway here. It is also a state-recognized tourism resort town, and in terms of state planning is laid out as a lower centre.
National Conference on Undergraduate Research
The National Conference on Undergraduate Research (NCUR) was established in 1987 at the University of North Carolina at Asheville to promote undergraduate research in universities throughout the United States. Undergraduate students are invited to submit abstracts to present their work at NCUR, which is currently one of the events sponsored by the Council on Undergraduate Research (CUR) umbrella organization.

University of Wisconsin–La Crosse
The University of Wisconsin–La Crosse (UWL or UW–La Crosse) is a public research university in La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States. Established in 1909 as La Crosse State Normal School, it is part of the University of Wisconsin System and offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. With 9,600 undergraduate and 1,000 graduate students, UW-La Crosse is composed of four schools and colleges offering 102 undergraduate programs, 31 graduate programs, and 2 doctoral programs. UW-La Crosse has over 95,000 alumni across all 50 U.S. states and 57 countries as of 2021.

The UW-La Crosse Eagle's 21 athletic teams compete in the Wisconsin Intercollegiate Athletic Conference, in NCAA's Division III. The university mascot is Stryker the Eagle.
Buzzman L'il Buzzard
The Buzzman L'il Buzzard is a Canadian, two seat side-by-side configuration, high wing, strut-braced, conventional landing gear, tractor configuration, ultralight aircraft, originally manufactured by Buzzman ARVS and later by L'il Hustler Ultralight Aviation of Holland Landing, Ontario. The aircraft is sold mostly assembled, less only paint, engine and instruments.

The aircraft is unusual in that the manufacturer offers the airframe for sale without any warranty and without shipping insurance.

Rotax 912
The Rotax 912 is a horizontally-opposed four-cylinder, naturally-aspirated, four-stroke aircraft engine with a  reduction gearbox. It features liquid-cooled cylinder heads and air-cooled cylinders. Originally equipped with carburetors, later versions are fuel injected. Dominating the market for small aircraft and kitplanes, Rotax produced its 50,000th 912-series engine in 2014.  Originally available only for light sport aircraft, ultralight aircraft, autogyros and drones, the 912-series engine was approved for certified aircraft in 1995.
Pulau Bukom
Pulau Bukom, also known as Pulau Bukum (Chinese: 毛广岛; Tamil: புளு புகோம்), is a small restricted-access island belonging to Singapore that is located about five kilometres to the south of Mainland Singapore, off the Straits of Singapore. The size of Pulau Bukom is about 1.45 km2 (0.56 sq mi).

Pulau Bukom is also known as Pulau Bukom Besar, which has a small companion islet to its south called Pulau Bukom Kechil. This companion islet is currently connected to Pulau Ular and Pulau Busing by reclaimed land, making the three of them appear as one large island on satellite imagery.

Singapore (island)
Singapore is the main constituent island of the sovereign island country and city-state of the Republic of Singapore. It is located at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, between the Straits of Malacca and the South China Sea. The Singapore Strait lies to the south, while the Johor Strait lies to the north.

The island forms the bulk of the country in terms of area, population, and prominence since areas situated on the country's smaller islands consist of military or industrial areas, except for Sentosa and Ubin Islands. As of the mid-2020s, Singapore's population stood over six million, and the mainland has a land area of approximately 730 square kilometres (280 sq mi).