hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Isaiah 28
Isaiah 28 is the twenty-eighth chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah and is one of the Books of the Prophets. The Jerusalem Bible groups chapters 28-35 together as a collection of "poems on Israel and Judah".

First Epistle of Peter
The First Epistle of Peter is a book of the New Testament. The author presents himself as Peter the Apostle. The ending of the letter includes a statement that implies that it was written from "Babylon", which may be a reference to Rome. The letter is addressed to the "chosen pilgrims of the diaspora" in Asia Minor suffering religious persecution.

Although both the text and tradition identifies Peter as its author, most scholars conclude that the epistle is an expression of the Christian tradition at Rome associated with Peter rather than the apostle himself. Scholars debate whether its persecution refers to social discrimination or official Roman oppression. The letter also discusses the “Harrowing of Hell” and instructions for wives to submit to their husbands, alongside exhortations for husbands to treat their wives with respect.
Bradley Green, Worcestershire
Bradley Green is a village in the Wychavon district of Worcestershire, England. It is located just south of the town of Redditch and south of Feckenham, Astwood Bank, Callow Hill and Inkberrow. It is also near the border with the Redditch district.

Redditch
Redditch is a town and non-metropolitan district with borough status in Worcestershire, England. In 2021, the town had a population of 81,637 and the district had a population of 87,037. In the 1800s, it became a centre for the needle and fishing tackle industry; by the end of the century,
90% of the world's needles were manufactured in the town and its surrounding areas.

In the 1960s, it became part of the new town planning movement which included it expanding into neighbouring villages and hamlets surrounding the town. It is the second largest settlement in Worcestershire, after Worcester.
Hammer Museum
The Hammer Museum is an art museum and cultural center known for its artist-centric and progressive array of exhibitions and public programs. It is affiliated with the University of California, Los Angeles. Founded in 1990 by the entrepreneur-industrialist Armand Hammer to house his personal art collection, the museum has since expanded its scope. The Hammer Museum hosts over 300 programs throughout the year, from lectures, symposia, and readings to concerts and film screenings. As of June 2025, the museum's collections, exhibitions, and programs are free to all visitors.

Occidental Petroleum
Occidental Petroleum Corporation (often abbreviated Oxy in reference to its ticker symbol and logo) is an American company engaged in hydrocarbon exploration in the United States and the Middle East as well as petrochemical manufacturing in the United States, Canada, and Chile. It is incorporated under the Delaware General Corporation Law and headquartered in Houston. The company ranked 183rd on the 2021 Fortune 500 based on its 2020 revenues and 670th on the 2021 Forbes Global 2000.
Dedekind–MacNeille completion
In mathematics, specifically order theory, the Dedekind–MacNeille completion of a partially ordered set is the smallest complete lattice that contains it. It is named after Holbrook Mann MacNeille whose 1937 paper first defined and constructed it, and after Richard Dedekind because its construction generalizes the Dedekind cuts used by Dedekind to construct the real numbers from the rational numbers. It is also called the completion by cuts or normal completion.

Order theory
Order theory is a branch of mathematics that investigates the intuitive notion of order using binary relations. It provides a formal framework for describing statements such as "this is less than that" or "this precedes that".
.307 Winchester
The .307 Winchester cartridge was introduced by Winchester in 1982 to meet the demand of .300 Savage performance in a lever-action rifle equipped with a tubular magazine. It is nearly dimensionally identical to the more common .308 Winchester cartridge, the only differences being a rimmed base and thicker case walls.

.300 Savage
The .300 Savage cartridge is a rimless, .30 caliber rifle cartridge developed by Savage Arms in 1920. It was designed to replace the less powerful .303 Savage in their popular Savage Model 1899 hammerless lever-action rifle, which they started to produce again as Model 99, as well as the new Savage Model 1920 bolt-action rifle. Despite having a short case in order to fit the original Model 99 magazine and a rather stumpy neck, the cartridge is capable of propelling a 150-grain (9.7 g) bullet at over 2,600 ft/s (790 m/s) with an effective range of over 300 yd (270 m).
Cawongla
Cawongla is a locality in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia. The locality is in the Kyogle Council local government area, 766 kilometres (476 mi) north east of the state capital, Sydney and 182 kilometres (113 mi) south of Brisbane. At the 2011 census, Cawongla had a population of 221.

The name "Cawongla" is a portmanteau of "Campbell"—the first European settler in the area—and "wonga" an Aboriginal word for "hill". Italian migrants once grew bananas in the area.  The locality today is a mix of traditional farming and alternative lifestyle communities.

Kyogle Council
Kyogle Council is a local government area in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia.

The council services an area of 3,589 square kilometres (1,386 sq mi) and is located adjacent to the Summerland Way and the North Coast railway line, within two hours drive from Brisbane and one hour from the Queensland Gold Coast and the NSW coastal communities of Byron Bay, Ballina and Tweed Heads. Kyogle Council comprises a large and diverse region with natural attributes, including the Border Ranges National Park and other world heritage listed areas, and cultural features.

The mayor of Kyogle Council is Danielle Mulholland.

In 2015, Kyogle Council was deemed 'not fit for future' by the New South Wales government's Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal and was urged to merge with a nearby council, although the NSW government backflipped later in 2015 and allowed the council to continue in its current form.
Heikendorf
Heikendorf is a municipality in the district of Plön, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is a seaside resort off the Baltic Sea, located approximately 10 km from Kiel. The oldest part of the town is the Old Viking settlement in Möltenort.

Plön (district)
Plön (German pronunciation: [ˈpløːn] ⓘ) is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is bounded by (from the east and clockwise) the districts of Ostholstein and Segeberg, the city of Neumünster, the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, the city of Kiel and the Baltic Sea.
Trimethyl orthoformate
Trimethyl orthoformate (TMOF) is the organic compound with the formula HC(OCH3)3. A colorless liquid, it is the simplest orthoester. It is a reagent used in organic synthesis for the formation of methyl ethers. The product of reaction of an aldehyde with trimethyl orthoformate is an acetal. In general cases, these acetals can be deprotected back to the aldehyde by using hydrochloric acid.

Reagent
In chemistry, a reagent (/riˈeɪdʒənt/ ree-AY-jənt) or analytical reagent is a substance or compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction, or test if one occurs. A reactant is a substance or compound that is consumed in a chemical reaction. The terms reactant and reagent are often used interchangeably, but reactant specifies a substance consumed in the course of a chemical reaction; reagent is used in the context of chemical analysis, while reactant is used in the context of reaction itself. Solvents, though involved in the reaction mechanism, are usually not called reactants. Similarly, catalysts are not consumed by the reaction, so they are not reactants. In biochemistry, especially in connection with enzyme-catalyzed reactions, the reactants are commonly called substrates.
Castle Pines (unincorporated area), Colorado
Castle Pines is a former census-designated place (CDP) in Douglas County, Colorado, United States. The population was 3,614 at the 2010 census.

On November 6, 2007, the northern portion of the Castle Pines CDP was incorporated as the City of Castle Pines North and the southern portion remained as Castle Pines.

On November 2, 2010, the City of Castle Pines North rename themselves to the City of Castle Pines and the Castle Pines CDP was renamed to Castle Pines Village as a result.

Castle Pines, Colorado
The City of Castle Pines is a home rule municipality located in Douglas County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 11,036 at the 2020 United States census. Castle Pines is a part of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Front Range Urban Corridor. The city is located north of the Town of Castle Rock and south of the City of Lone Tree, Colorado.
Hazarewal
Hazarewal or Hazarawals (ہزارہ وال; Hazarewal pronunciation: [(h)əzaːɾeːʋaːl]; Standard pronunciation: [həzaːɾeːʋaːl]) refer to the multi-ethnic inhabitants of the Hazara region in northern Pakistan. This region is known for its multi-ethnic population, comprising various ethnic groups with diverse origins.

Abbottabad District
Abbottabad District (Hindko, Urdu: ضِلع ایبٹ آباد) is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is part of the Hazara Division and covers an area of 1,969 square kilometres (760 mi2), with the city of Abbottabad being the principal town. Neighbouring districts include Mansehra to the north and Haripur to the west in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Muzaffarabad to the east in Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Rawalpindi to the south in the Punjab province. According to the 2023 Pakistani census, the population of Abbottabad District is 1,397,587.
Ernesto Valverde
Ernesto Valverde Tejedor (born 9 February 1964) is a Spanish football manager and former player who played as a forward. He is the current manager of La Liga club Athletic Bilbao.

Over ten seasons, he amassed La Liga totals of 264 games and 68 goals, adding 55 matches and nine goals in the Segunda División. He played for six teams in a 14-year professional career, including Espanyol, Barcelona and Athletic Bilbao.

Valverde later went on to have an extensive spell as a manager, including being in charge of all three clubs. He won the double with Olympiacos in 2008–09 and 2011–12, and Barcelona in 2017–18.

2018 Supercopa de España
The 2018 Supercopa de España was the 35th edition of the Supercopa de España, an annual football super cup contested by the winners of the previous season's La Liga and Copa del Rey competitions.

The match was played between the Copa del Rey runners-up, Sevilla, and the winners of the 2017–18 Copa del Rey and 2017–18 La Liga, Barcelona, making it a rematch of the 2018 Copa del Rey Final.

Unlike all the previous editions, it was a single match hosted at a neutral venue. This year's venue was Ibn Batouta Stadium in Tangier, Morocco.

The match was broadcast on Spanish RTVE public television network La 1, earning an average 36.5% share and 4,785,000 viewers.
Heros Peninsula
Heros Peninsula (Bulgarian: полуостров Херос, romanized: poluostrov Heros, IPA: [poɫuˈɔstrof ˈxɛros]) is the partly ice-free 8.9 km wide peninsula projecting from Foyn Coast, Antarctic Peninsula 13 km southeastwards into Cabinet Inlet.  It ends in Spur Point to the southeast.

The feature is named after the Thracian god Heros (the Thracian Rider).

Cabinet Inlet
Cabinet Inlet (66°35′S 63°10′W﻿ / ﻿66.583°S 63.167°W﻿ / -66.583; -63.167) is an icy inlet, 36 miles (58 km) long in a northwest–southeast direction, and some 27 miles (43 km) wide at its entrance between Cape Alexander and Cape Robinson, along the east coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was named and charted by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) and aerially photographed by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition in December 1947. It is named for the British War Cabinet which authorized the FIDS in 1943.
Kombiverkehr
Kombiverkehr is an intermodal transport business based in Frankfurt, Germany. It is an intermodal operator in Europe, operating a fleet of block trains linking 30 countries. In May 2010, Kombiverkehr launched a service between Antwerp and Duisburg; services to Turkey have also been launched.

Kombiverkehr is a member of the UIRR.

Intermodal freight transport
Intermodal freight transport involves the transportation of freight in an intermodal container or vehicle, using multiple modes of transportation (e.g., rail, ship, aircraft, and truck), without any handling of the freight itself when changing modes. The method reduces cargo handling, and so improves security, reduces damage and loss, and allows freight to be transported faster. Reduced costs over road trucking is the key benefit for inter-continental use. This may be offset by reduced timings for road transport over shorter distances.
Abu'l-Qasim Ja'far ibn Muhammad ibn Fasanjus
Abu'l-Qasim Ja'far ibn Muhammad ibn Fasanjus (Persian: ابوالقاسم جعفر), was an Iranian statesman from the Fasanjus family who served the Buyid dynasty.

Ja'far was born in Baghdad in 965/6. He was the son of Abu'l-Faraj Muhammad, who had served as a de facto vizier (without the actual title) in 963–967, and as full vizier in 970–971.

Ja'far was appointed by the Buyid ruler Sultan al-Dawla as his vizier in 1018/9, after the flight of the previous incumbent, al-Hasan ibn Fadl ibn Sahlan. Ja'far held the office only briefly, as he and his brothers were arrested in autumn 1019.

Ja'far died at Khuzistan in 1029. He had a son known as Dhu'l-Sa'adat, who served as vizier under the Buyid ruler Abu Kalijar until his execution in February 1049.

Fasanjus family
The Fasanjus family (also spelled Fasanjas), was the name of a Persian noble-family which served the Buyid dynasty. The first member of the family was Abu'l-Fadl al-Abbas ibn Fasanjas, a rich nobleman native to Shiraz, who was in the service of the two Buyid brothers Imad al-Dawla and Mu'izz al-Dawla. He later died in 953 at the age 77.
VERTCON
VERTCON is a computer program that computes the modeled difference in orthometric height between the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) and the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) for a location in the contiguous United States. The parameters required are the latitude and longitude of the location.

The program was created by the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) in 1994 and is available as an online tool, or PC executable package. The package contains the Perl source code. The NGS is the government agency charged with responsibility for the National Spatial Reference System.

National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929
The National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD29), originally known as the Sea Level Datum of 1929, is the vertical datum established for vertical control surveying in the United States of America by the General Adjustment of 1929. NGVD29 was determined and published by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey and is used to measure the elevation of a point above and below mean sea level (MSL).

NGVD29 was superseded by the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88), based upon reference to a single benchmark (referenced to the new International Great Lakes Datum of 1985 local mean sea level height value), although many cities and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers "legacy" projects with established data continued to use the older datum.
Pulsation reactor
Pulsation reactor technology is a thermal procedure for manufacturing fine powders with precisely defined properties.

Pulsation reactor technology is a thermal procedure with a special functional principle that results in reaction parameters and a reaction medium, and which ultimately leads to other property parameters in terms of surface, reactivity, homogeneity and particle size of the powder material.

The technology has proven particularly effective in the manufacture of ceramic and submicroscale powders, as well as in the production of highly active catalysts. Also, simple oxides such as zirconium oxide with doping elements or mixed oxides like spinel can be produced in the pulsation reactor.

Residence time
The residence time of a fluid parcel is the total time that the parcel has spent inside a control volume (e.g.: a chemical reactor, a lake, a human body). The residence time of a set of parcels is quantified in terms of the frequency distribution of the residence time in the set, which is known as residence time distribution (RTD), or in terms of its average, known as mean residence time.

Residence time plays an important role in chemistry and especially in environmental science and pharmacology. Under the name lead time or waiting time it plays a central role respectively in supply chain management and queueing theory, where the material that flows is usually discrete instead of continuous.
Helen Ramsaran
Helen Evans Ramsaran (born May 11, 1943) is an American sculptor. Her work explores the primordial world of ancient rituals, mysterious fossilized remains, mystic forces, and African inspired architecture. Ramsaran's work was first inspired by a trip to Africa in 1981, and although her sculpture is inanimate, there is a lurking sense of humanity's presence. Her recent work explores the effects of climate change on life sustaining systems and resources, specifically marine ecosystems and plant and animal species.

College of Staten Island
The College of Staten Island (CSI) is a public university in Staten Island, New York, United States. It is one of the 11 four-year senior colleges within the City University of New York system (CUNY), and one of the 2 four-year senior colleges within the CUNY system with a program in engineering.

Programs in the liberal arts, sciences, engineering and professional studies lead to PhD degrees, master's degrees, bachelor's and associate degrees. The bachelor's program includes selective membership in CUNY's Macaulay Honors College. The master's degree is awarded in 21 professional and liberal arts, sciences and engineering fields of study. A clinical doctorate is awarded by the departments of nursing and physical therapy. The college participates in doctoral programs of the CUNY Graduate Center in biology, chemistry, computer science, and physics, and at City College in engineering.
Elektrichka
An elektrichka (Russian: электричка [əlʲɪkˈtrʲitɕkə]; Ukrainian: електричка, romanized: elektrychka, IPA: [elekˈtrɪtʃkɐ]) is a Soviet and Eastern bloc commuter (regional) mostly suburban electrical multiple unit passenger train. Elektrichkas are widespread in Russia, Ukraine and other countries of the former Warsaw Pact presenting a socially vital mode of transportation. In 2007, 4085 commuter trains a day (in each direction) were running on the Russian Railways network alone, most of them electric. The first elektrichka train started running on July 6, 1926, along the Baku–Sabunchi line in Soviet Azerbaijan. Also urban (intra-city) gorodskaya elektrichkas and airport's aeroexpresses exist in a few cities of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus.

Overhead line
An overhead line or overhead wire is an electrical cable that is used to transmit electrical energy to electric locomotives, electric multiple units, trolleybuses or trams. The generic term used by the International Union of Railways for the technology is overhead line. It is known variously as overhead catenary, overhead contact line (OCL), overhead contact system (OCS), overhead equipment (OHE), overhead line equipment (OLE or OHLE), overhead lines (OHL), overhead wiring (OHW), traction wire, and trolley wire.

An overhead line consists of one or more wires (or rails, particularly in tunnels) situated over rail tracks, raised to a high electrical potential by connection to feeder stations at regularly spaced intervals along the track. The feeder stations are usually fed from a high-voltage electrical grid.
A Natural Born Gambler
A Natural Born Gambler is a 1916 silent film short, the first of only two films starring Broadway comic and singer Bert Williams. The film was Williams' first two-reel comedy, and was a film that was expected not to disappoint audiences and was highly anticipated. It was produced by the Biograph Company and released by The General Film Company. Williams directed and G. W. Bitzer, also known as Billy Bitzer, who was usually D. W. Griffith's cameraman, was the cinematographer. This is a still-surviving film, featuring Williams in his famous blackface routine. It is an authentic comedic film for its time (1916) in which Williams is still humorous without heavily relying on the popular physical style of slapstick comedy. Special and strategic advertising along with the name Williams had created for himself made it possible for the film to get exposure throughout the country. Most of this exposure came from newspaper prints.

General Film Company
The General Film Company was a motion picture distribution company in the United States. Between 1909 and 1920, the company distributed almost 12,000 silent era motion pictures. It was created as part of the Edison Trust to monopolize film distribution.
Road of Resistance
"Road of Resistance" is a song by the Japanese Kawaii metal band Babymetal. The song was released worldwide as a digital single on February 1, 2015 by Toy's Factory, serving as the lead single off the international re-release of the album Babymetal, as well the opening track from Metal Resistance. The official live music video gaining over 34 million views on YouTube.

Suzuka Nakamoto
Suzuka Nakamoto (Japanese: 中元 すず香, Hepburn: Nakamoto Suzuka; pronunciationⓘ; born December 20, 1997), better known by her stage name Su-metal, is a Japanese singer. She is best known as a member of the kawaii metal band Babymetal and was formerly a member of the idol groups Karen Girl's and Sakura Gakuin. She is represented by the talent agency Amuse Inc.
Harbor City serial shootings
The Harbor City serial shootings were an unsolved series of drive-by shootings committed in the Harbor City neighborhood of Los Angeles, California during the early months of 1993. A total of four black men were shot within a two-block radius, three of them fatally. Despite a detailed description of the perpetrator and his car given by the surviving victim and witnesses to the murders, he remains unidentified to date.

Drive-by shooting
A drive-by shooting is a type of assault that usually involves the perpetrator(s) firing a weapon from within a motor vehicle and then fleeing. Drive-by shootings allow the perpetrators to quickly strike their targets and flee the scene before law enforcement is able to respond. A drive-by shooting's prerequisites include access to a vehicle and a gun. The protection, anonymity, sense of power, and ease of escape provided by the getaway vehicle lead some perpetrators to feel safe expressing their hostility toward others.
1961 Ottawa Braves football team
The 1961 Ottawa Braves football team was an American football team that represented Ottawa University of Ottawa, Kansas, as a member of the Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference (KCAC) during the 1961 college football season. In their ninth season under head coach Richard Peters, the Braves compiled a 9–0 record, won the KCAC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 289 to 42. It was the third undefeated season in Ottawa football history. The season was also part of a 23-game winning streak that began on November 13, 1959, and ended on October 13, 1962, including back-to-back perfect seasons in 1960 and 1961.

Mike Brown led the KCAC in scoring with 73 points on four touchdowns, 34 extra points, and five field goals. He also won NAIA All-America honors as a defensive end.

The team played its home games at Cook Field in Ottawa, Kansas.

Ottawa, Kansas
Ottawa (pronounced /ˈɒtəwɑː/)  is a city in and the county seat of Franklin County, Kansas, United States.  It is located on both banks of the Marais des Cygnes River near the center of Franklin County.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 12,625.  It is the home of Ottawa University.