hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Echecrates of Phlius
Echecrates (Greek: Ἐχεκράτης) was a Pythagorean philosopher from the ancient Greek town of Phlius.

He appears in Plato's Phaedo dialogue as an aid to the plot.  He meets Phaedo, the dialogue's namesake, some time after the execution of Socrates, and asks Phaedo to tell him the story of the famed philosopher's last hours.  Phaedo's presentation of the story comprises most of the dialogue's remainder, though Echecrates interrupts at times to ask questions relevant to the retold discussion.

Little is known about Echecrates other than what Plato reveals, as he is mentioned in very few works. His status as a Pythagorean, also mentioned by Diogenes Laërtius, and his general concern and respect for Socrates are all that can be discerned of his philosophical beliefs.

An Echecrates is mentioned by Aristoxenus as a student of Philolaus and Eurytus. (p. 166)

Aristoxenus
Aristoxenus of Tarentum (Greek: Ἀριστόξενος ὁ Ταραντῖνος; born c. 375, fl. 335 BC) was a Greek Peripatetic philosopher, and a pupil of Aristotle. Most of his writings, which dealt with philosophy, ethics and music, have been lost, but one musical treatise, Elements of Harmony (Greek: Ἁρμονικὰ στοιχεῖα; Latin: Elementa harmonica), survives incomplete, as well as some fragments concerning rhythm and meter. The Elements is the chief source of our knowledge of ancient Greek music.
Bucolome
Bucolome (Paramidine) is a barbiturate derivative. Unlike most barbiturates it does not have any significant sedative or hypnotic effects, but instead acts as an analgesic and antiinflammatory. It also acts as a CYP2C9 inhibitor and reduces the metabolism of several commonly used drugs, which makes it useful for potentiating or extending the duration of action of those drugs, or reducing the production of unwanted metabolites.

Barbiturate
Barbiturates are a class of depressant drugs that are chemically derived from barbituric acid. They are effective when used medically as anxiolytics, hypnotics, and anticonvulsants, but have physical and psychological addiction potential as well as overdose potential among other possible adverse effects. They have been used recreationally for their anti-anxiety and sedative effects, and are thus controlled in most countries due to the risks associated with such use.

Barbiturates have largely been replaced by benzodiazepines and nonbenzodiazepines ("Z-drugs") in routine medical practice, particularly in the treatment of anxiety disorders and insomnia, because of the significantly lower risk of overdose, and the lack of an antidote for barbiturate overdose. Despite this, barbiturates are still in use for various purposes: in general anesthesia, epilepsy, treatment of acute migraines or cluster headaches, acute tension headaches, euthanasia, capital punishment, and assisted suicide.
Trams in Neuchâtel
The Neuchâtel tramway (French: Tramway de Neuchâtel, or (locally) Tram) is a tramway forming part of the public transport system in Neuchâtel, a city in Switzerland.

Opened in 1892, the tramway has waxed and waned over the years.  Currently, it comprises only one 8.85 km (5.50 mi) long interurban line, which runs via Auvernier and Colombier to Boudry, and is designated as line 5. All of the system's urban tram lines were converted to trolleybuses, the last such closure and conversion taking place in 1976, leaving just interurban line 5 (present line 215).

The tramway is currently operated by Transports publics Neuchâtelois (transN) (formerly Compagnie des Tramways de Neuchâtel), which also runs three funiculars, the Neuchâtel trolleybus system and various conventional bus lines.

SIG Group
SIG Group AG is a Swiss multinational corporation and one of the biggest manufacturers in the packaging industry.

Originally founded 1853 as a railway car producer named Schweizerische Waggonfabrik ("Swiss Wagon Factory"), it was renamed SIG (Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft, German for Swiss Industrial Company; in French, as Société Industrielle Suisse; and, in Italian, as Società Industriale Svizzera) a decade later, after it had won a contract for the production of firearms by the Swiss government.

The SIG Group shares are listed on SIX Swiss Exchange and are a component of the SMI MID index. The industrial site at the headquarters in Neuhausen am Rheinfall is located directly on the Rhine Falls. Built at this location in 1853 for the use of hydroelectric power, the site was transferred to the SIG Charitable Foundation in 2011.
Mackay Technical College
Mackay Technical College is a heritage-listed former technical college at Alfred Street, Mackay, Mackay Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Thomas Pye and built from 1911 to 1912. It is also known as Block E Mackay TAFE. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 27 October 2000.

In 2016, the former college building is now used for administration of the Central Queensland University's Mackay City campus.

Department of Education (Queensland)
The Department of Education is a ministerial department of the Queensland Government responsible for the administration and quality of education in Queensland, Australia. The department is composed of two separate portfolios, Education Queensland and Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC). The department also encompasses the Queensland Curriculum and Assessment Authority, a separate statutory authority responsible for creating syllabuses, curriculums, and assessment.
Charles Peers
Sir Charles Peers (1661 – 29 January 1737) was a British businessman who became the Chairman of the East India Company in 1714 and Lord Mayor of London in 1715. He had previously served as one of the Sheriffs of the City of London in 1708–1709.

Aldgate
Aldgate (/ˈɔːlɡeɪt/) was a gate in the former defensive wall around the City of London.

The gate gave its name to Aldgate High Street, the first stretch of the A11 road, that takes that name as it passes through the ancient, extramural Portsoken Ward of the City of London.

There is an ancient Aldgate Ward inside the line of the former gate and wall, and a similarly ancient Portsoken Ward that lies just outside of it. However the use of the Aldgate and Portsoken Wards as everyday place names is very limited.

Consequently, the use of Aldgate as a place name is informal, and typically applies to the Portsoken Ward, especially the central area around Aldgate High Street.

Aldgate High Street is 2.3 miles (3.7 km) east of Charing Cross.
Midland County Educational Service Agency
The Midland County Educational Service Agency (MCESA) is an intermediate school district in Michigan, headquartered in Midland.

Most of Midland County is served by the Midland County Educational Service Agency, which coordinates the efforts of local boards of education, but has no operating authority over schools. Local school boards in Michigan retain great autonomy over day-to-day operations.

Intermediate school district
An intermediate school district, in the United States, is a term used by some states to classify a special agency that operates outside the traditional charter of a school district.  The specific role of these agencies varies by state.
Ingrid Rüütel
Ingrid Rüütel (née Ruus; born 3 November 1935) is an Estonian folklorist, philologist and former First Lady of Estonia. She was married to former President of Estonia Arnold Rüütel until his death on 31 December 2024.

Spouse of the president of Estonia
The spouse of the president of Estonia (Estonian: Vabariigi Presidendi abikaasa) is the wife or husband of the president of Estonia. Estonia's current president's spouse is Sirje Karis, wife of president Alar Karis.
Tuzkol, Mendykara District
Tuzkol (Kazakh: Тұзкөл) is a salt lake in Mendykara District, Kostanay Region, Kazakhstan.

The lake lies roughly 30 kilometers (19 mi) ENE of Borovskoy, the district capital, 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) northeast of Sosna and 1 kilometer (0.62 mi) north of Aksuat.

Kostanay Region
Kostanay Region (Kazakh: Қостанай облысы, romanized: Qostanai oblysy) is a region of Kazakhstan. Its administrative center is the city of Kostanay.  The population of the region is 835,686.  The population living in Kostanay is 207,000, which is equivalent to 23% of the region.
Uniswap
Uniswap is a decentralized cryptocurrency exchange protocol built on the Ethereum blockchain. It enables the automated trading of digital assets through smart contracts, eliminating the need for intermediaries or centralized order books. Uniswap facilitates cryptocurrency tokens swaps using liquidity pools contributed by users.

The protocol, which runs on open-source software, was launched in 2018.  As of December 2024, Uniswap is estimated to be the second largest decentralized exchange and the seventh-largest cryptocurrency exchange overall by daily trading volume.

Market maker
A market maker or liquidity provider is a company or an individual that quotes both a buy and a sell price in a tradable asset held in inventory, hoping to make a profit on the difference, which is called the bid–ask spread or turn. This stabilizes the market, reducing price variation (volatility) by setting a trading price range for the asset.

In U.S. markets, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission defines a "market maker" as a firm that stands ready to buy and sell stock on a regular and continuous basis at a publicly quoted price. A Designated Primary Market Maker (DPM) is a specialized market maker approved by an exchange to guarantee a buy or sell position in a particular assigned security, option, or option index.
Louisiana–Monroe Warhawks men's basketball
For information on all University of Louisiana at Monroe sports, see Louisiana–Monroe Warhawks

The ULM Warhawks men's basketball (formerly the Northeast Louisiana Indians) program represents intercollegiate men's basketball at the University of Louisiana at Monroe. The school competes in the West Division of the Sun Belt Conference in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and play home games at the Fant–Ewing Coliseum in Monroe, Louisiana. The Warhawks have appeared in the NCAA tournament seven times, most recently in 1996. Phil Cunningham is in his 1st season as head coach in 2025–26.

Fant–Ewing Coliseum
Fant–Ewing Coliseum is a 7,085-seat multi-purpose arena in Monroe, Louisiana, United States, on the campus of the University of Louisiana at Monroe. It was built in 1971 and is home to the Louisiana–Monroe Warhawks men's and women's basketball teams and women's volleyball team. The arena also hosts concerts and events.
1971 DFB-Pokal final
The 1971 DFB-Pokal final decided the winner of the 1970–71 DFB-Pokal, the 28th season of Germany's knockout football cup competition. It was played on 19 June 1971 at the Neckarstadion in Stuttgart. Bayern Munich won the match 2–1 after extra time against 1. FC Köln, to claim their 5th cup title.

1970–71 DFB-Pokal
The 1970–71 DFB-Pokal was the 28th season of the annual German football cup competition. It began on 12 December 1970 and ended on 19 June 1971. 32 teams competed in the tournament of five rounds. In the final Bayern Munich defeated 1. FC Köln 2–1 after extra time. It was Bayern's fifth triumph in the cup while it was Cologne's second consecutive loss in the final.
NGC 1931
NGC 1931 is a reflection and emission nebula and around a young star cluster in the constellation Auriga. The nebula shares similarities to the Orion Nebula as it is a mixed emission-reflection nebula that also contains a small Trapezium of hot young stars. At around 2 million years of age, most of the ongoing star formation in the star cluster is hidden away in the nebula. It is believed that the main ionizing source for the dusty molecular cloud is a single, hot B-type star. The distance from Earth is estimated at 7500 light years.

Emission nebula
An emission nebula is a nebula formed of ionized gases that emit light of various wavelengths. The most common source of ionization is high-energy ultraviolet photons emitted from a nearby hot star. Among the several different types of emission nebulae are H II regions, in which star formation is taking place and young, massive stars are the source of the ionizing photons; and planetary nebulae, in which a dying star has thrown off its outer layers, with the exposed hot core then ionizing them.
Yuge, Ehime
Yuge (弓削町, Yuge-chō) was a town located in Ochi District, Ehime Prefecture, Japan.

The municipality consisted of the four inhabited islands of Yugeshima, Sashima, Teshima, and Hyakkanjima. The town office was located in Yugeshima (now Kamishima Town Hall).

Yugeshima Village was established with the creation of the modern municipalities system on December 15, 1889. In September 1895, Uoshima became a separate village. Yuge was elevated to town status on January 1, 1953.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 3,683 and a density of 312.91 persons per km2. The total area was 11.77 km2.

On October 1, 2004, the town of Yuge was merged with the villages of Ikina, Iwagi and Uoshima (all from Ochi District) to create the town of Kamijima and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Yugeshima
Yugeshima (弓削島) is an inhabited island located in northeastern Ehime Prefecture, Japan, in the Seto Inland Sea between Shikoku and Honshu. The island is part of the Geiyo Islands archipelago, and is administratively the seat of the town of Kamijima, Ehime.
Kryštof Harant
Kryštof Harant of Polžice and Bezdružice (Czech: Kryštof Harant z Polžic a Bezdružic, 1564 – 21 June 1621) was a nobleman, traveler, humanist, soldier, writer and composer from Bohemia. He joined the Protestant Bohemian Revolt in the Lands of the Bohemian Crown against the House of Habsburg that led to Thirty Years' War. Following the victory of Catholic forces in the Battle of White Mountain, Harant was executed in the mass Old Town Square execution by the Habsburgs.

As a composer he represented the school of Franco-Flemish polyphony in Bohemia. Harant is also noted for his expedition to the Middle East summarized in a travel book Journey from Bohemia to the Holy Land, by way of Venice and the Sea (1608).

Bohemian Revolt
The Bohemian Revolt (German: Böhmischer Aufstand; Czech: České stavovské povstání; 1618–1620) was an uprising of the Bohemian estates against the rule of the Habsburg dynasty that began the Thirty Years' War. It was caused by both religious and power disputes. The estates were almost entirely Protestant, mostly Utraquist Hussite but there was also a substantial German population that endorsed Lutheranism. The dispute culminated after several battles in the final Battle of White Mountain, where the estates suffered a decisive defeat. This started re-Catholisation of the Czech lands, but also expanded the scope of the Thirty Years' War by drawing Denmark and Sweden into it. The conflict spread to the rest of Europe and devastated vast areas of Central Europe, including the Czech lands, which were particularly stricken by its violent atrocities.
Brincidofovir
Brincidofovir, sold under the brand name Tembexa, is an antiviral drug used to treat smallpox. Brincidofovir is a prodrug of cidofovir. Conjugated to a lipid, the compound is designed to release cidofovir intracellularly, allowing for higher intracellular and lower plasma concentrations of cidofovir, effectively increasing its activity against dsDNA viruses, as well as oral bioavailability.

The most common side effects include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. It carries an FDA-mandated black box warning of an increased risk of death with extended use.
Brincidofovir was approved for medical use in the United States in June 2021.

Antiviral drug
Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used for treating viral infections. Most antivirals target specific viruses, while a broad-spectrum antiviral is effective against a wide range of viruses. Antiviral drugs are a class of antimicrobials, a larger group which also includes antibiotic (also termed antibacterial), antifungal and antiparasitic drugs, or antiviral drugs based on monoclonal antibodies. Most antivirals are considered relatively harmless to the host, and therefore can be used to treat infections. They should be distinguished from virucides, which are not medication but deactivate or destroy virus particles, either inside or outside the body. Natural virucides are produced by some plants such as eucalyptus and Australian tea trees.
Jeroham
Jeroham (Hebrew: יְרֹחָם Yərōḥām) is a name which means "cherished" or "one who finds mercy". A number of people with this name are mentioned in the Hebrew Bible:

The Father of Elkanah, and grandfather of the prophet Samuel — in 1 Samuel 1:1.

The father of Azareel, the "captain" of the tribe of Dan — in 1 Chronicles 27:22.

A Benjamite mentioned in 1 Chronicles 12:7 and 1 Chronicles 9:12.

The father of Azariah, one of the "commanders of the hundreds" who formed part of Jehoiada's campaign to restore the kingship to Joash in 2 Chronicles 23:1

A priest mentioned in 1 Chronicles 9:12; (perhaps the same as in Nehemiah 11:12).

The modern city of Yeruham, Israel bears the Modern Hebrew equivalent of the name.

Tribe of Dan
The Tribe of Dan (Hebrew: דָּן, "Judge") was one of the twelve tribes of Israel, according to the Torah. According to the Hebrew Bible, the tribe initially settled in the hill lands bordering Ephraim and Benjamin on the east and Judah and the Philistines on the south but migrated north due to pressure of their enemies, settling at Laish (later known as Dan), near Mount Hermon.

Biblical judge Samson was a hero of the Dan tribe.
Marie Thérèse Coincoin
Marie Thérèse Coincoin, born as Coincoin (with no surname), also known as Marie Thérèse dite Coincoin, and Marie Thérèse Métoyer, (August 1742 – 1816) was a planter, slave owner, and businesswoman at the colonial Louisiana outpost of Natchitoches (later known as Natchitoches Parish).

A Louisiana Creole of color, Coincoin was born into slavery. Her freedom was purchased in 1778 by Claude Thomas Pierre Métoyer, with whom she had a long liaison and ten children. She and her descendants established the historical community of Isle Brevelle of Créoles of color along the Cane River, including what is said to be the first church founded by free people of color for their own use, St. Augustine Parish Church, Natchez, Louisiana. The church is included as a notable site on the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail.

Elizabeth Shown Mills
Elizabeth Shown Mills (born 1944) is an American genealogist, historian, and author. She served as president of the American Society of Genealogists (ASG), and was the editor of the National Genealogical Society Quarterly.
Sophie Tatum LaCroix
Sophie Tatum LaCroix (October 17, 1862 – July 16, 1949) was an American handcrafts designer, editor and author of 18 books on crochet, tatting, beadwork, quilting, needlework and embroidery in the early 1900s.

Crochet
Crochet (English:  /kroʊˈʃeɪ/; French: [kʁɔʃɛ]) is a process of creating textiles by using a crochet hook to interlock loops of yarn, thread, or strands of other materials. The name is derived from the French term crochet, which means 'hook'. Hooks can be made from different materials (aluminum, steel, metal, wood, bamboo, bone, etc.), sizes, and types (in-line, tapered, ergonomic, etc.). The key difference between crochet and knitting, beyond the implements used for their production, is that each stitch in crochet is completed before the next one, while knitting keeps many stitches open at a time. Some variant forms of crochet however, such as Tunisian crochet and Broomstick lace, do keep multiple crochet stitches open at a time.
27th New York State Legislature
The 27th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 31 to April 11, 1804, during the third year of George Clinton's second tenure as Governor of New York, in Albany.

Chenango County, New York
Chenango County is a county located in the south-central section of the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 47,220. Its county seat is Norwich. The county's name originates from an Oneida word meaning 'large bull-thistle'. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.
Yafran
Yafran /ˈjɑːfrən/ (Arabic: يفرن), also spelled Jefren, Yefren, Yifran, Yifrin or Ifrane, is a city in northwestern Libya, in the Jabal al Gharbi District in the western Nafusa Mountains. Before 2007, Yafran was the administrative seat of the Yafran District.

Jabal al Gharbi District
Jabal al Gharbi (Arabic: الجبل الغربي Al Ǧabal al Gharbi, English: The Western Mountain) is one of the districts of Libya. It is named after the Nafusa Mountains. It was formed in 2007 from the former districts of Yafran, Gharyan and Mizda.  From 1995 to 1998 Jabal al Gharbi also existed as a Baladiyah or municipality. Jabal al Gharbi borders Sirte and Misrata to the east, Murqub to the northeast, Tripoli, Jafara and Zawiya to the north, Nuqat al Khams to the northwest, Nalut to the west, Wadi al Shatii to the south and Jufra to the southeast.

Per the census of 2012, the total population in the region was 157,747 with 150,353 Libyans. The average size of the household in the country was 6.9, while the average household size of non-Libyans being 3.7. There were totally 22,713 households in the district, with 20,907 Libyan ones.  The population density of the district was 1.86 persons per km2.
Per 2006 census, there were totally 104,584 economically active people in the district.
2009 San Luis Potosí Challenger
The 2009 San Luis Potosí Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It was part of the 2009 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in San Luis Potosí, Mexico between 6 and 12 April 2009.

2009 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2009 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 20 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and 142 regular series tournaments, with prize money ranging from $25,000 up to $150,000.
Adaptability and Partnership: Issues for the Strategic Defence Review
Adaptability and Partnership: Issues for the Strategic Defence Review is a government of the United Kingdom green paper released on 2 February 2010. The publication sets out the framework for the Strategic Defence and Security Review 2010 (SDSR) which seeks to provide guidance for UK's options for the future shape of Britain's armed forces.

Strategic Defence and Security Review 2010
The Strategic Defence and Security Review 2010 was announced by the formed Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government of the United Kingdom in May 2010, and published on 19 October 2010. The previous major review of UK defence strategy was the Strategic Defence Review, published in 1998, and updated in 2003 by the Delivering Security in a Changing World white paper.

As well as wanting an updated security policy, both the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats wanted the £38 billion overspend in the Ministry of Defence (MoD) procurement budget addressed. With the government committed to reducing the national budget deficit, the Treasury asked the MoD to draw up options for a 10–20% real-terms cut in its budget. The final amount was a 7.7% reduction over four years.