hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Very low frequency
Very low frequency or VLF is the ITU designation for radio frequencies (RF) in the range of 3–30 kHz, corresponding to wavelengths from 100 to 10 km, respectively. The band is also known as the myriameter band or myriameter wave as the wavelengths range from one to ten myriameters (an obsolete metric unit equal to 10 kilometers). Due to its limited bandwidth, audio (voice) transmission is highly impractical in this band, and therefore only low-data-rate coded signals are used. The VLF band is used for a few radio navigation services, government time radio stations (broadcasting time signals to set radio clocks) and secure military communication. Since VLF waves can penetrate at least 40 meters (130 ft) into saltwater, they are used for military communication with submarines.

Q factor
In physics and engineering, the quality factor or Q factor is a dimensionless parameter that describes how underdamped an oscillator or resonator is.  It is defined as the ratio of the initial energy stored in the resonator to the energy lost in one radian of the cycle of oscillation. Q factor is alternatively defined as the ratio of a resonator's centre frequency to its bandwidth when subject to an oscillating driving force.  These two definitions give numerically similar, but not identical, results. Higher Q indicates a lower rate of energy loss and the oscillations die out more slowly. A pendulum suspended from a high-quality bearing, oscillating in air, has a high Q, while a pendulum immersed in oil has a low one. Resonators with high quality factors have low damping, so that they ring or vibrate longer.
2006–07 Hong Kong Second Division League
2006–07 Hong Kong Second Division League was the 93rd season of Hong Kong Second Division League.

The top 2 teams in 2005–06 season, HKFC and Tai Po have promoted to First Division. However, the bottom 2 teams in First Division are retained by HKFA in the top division. Therefore, the number of teams competing in the Second Division in 2006–07 is reduced from 13 to 11 teams. The 2 teams promoted from Third Division were Shek Kip Mei and Yau Tsim Mong.

Hong Kong First Division League
The Hong Kong First Division League (Chinese: 香港甲組聯賽) is the second-highest division in the Hong Kong football league system. Established in 1908, it is the third oldest in Asia, after Calcutta and Bombay. Moreover, it is the oldest top-flight league system in Asia. The league was formerly the highest division in Hong Kong until the formation of the Hong Kong Premier League in 2014.

Since 1908, a total of 29 clubs have been crowned champions of the Hong Kong football system. South China are the most successful club, having won 41 times since their first participation in 1941.
Formula Vee at the SCCA National Championship Runoffs
Formula Vee is one of the oldest classes in SCCA and competed in the first SCCA National Championship Runoffs.

Formula Vee was first introduced at the Runoffs in 1964 at Riverside International Raceway. The first edition was won by Lewis Kerr. The following decades saw many racing drivers compete in various different racing chassis. Michael Varacins is the most successful driver in the class winning seven times, at five different tracks. Varacins also builds his own chassis.

During the early years of the class the Zink were far superior winning five straight; the chassis won ten total championships. The Lynx chassis name was later changed to Caracal. The Lynx/Caracal chassis has won the most of any other chassis at twelve championships.  Later in the class history, the introduction of the Vortech chassis in 2001 started an era of dominance. The chassis type won the race eight consecutive years in a row with three different drivers.

SCCA National Championship Runoffs
The SCCA National Championship Runoffs is the end-of-year championship race meeting for Sports Car Club of America Club Racing competitors.  Divisional champions and other top drivers from the SCCA's 116 regions are invited to participate at the Runoffs.  National championships are awarded to the winners of each class.

The Runoffs is regarded as the "Olympics of Amateur Road Racing."
Jutulpløgsla Crevasses
The Jutulpløgsla Crevasses (72°28′S 1°35′W﻿ / ﻿72.467°S 1.583°W﻿ / -72.467; -1.583) form a crevasse field halfway up Jutulstraumen Glacier, about 8 nautical miles (15 km) southeast of Nashornet Mountain, in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. They were mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52) and from air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Jutulpløgsla (the giant's plowed field).

Nashornet Mountain
Nashornet Mountain (72°22′S 2°0′W﻿ / ﻿72.367°S 2.000°W﻿ / -72.367; -2.000) is a mountain 6 nautical miles (11 km) northeast of Viddalskollen Hill, on the south side of Viddalen Valley in Queen Maud Land. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–52) and air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Nashornet (the rhinoceros).

This article incorporates public domain material from "Nashornet Mountain". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
10th New York State Legislature
The 10th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 12 to April 21, 1787, during the tenth year of George Clinton's governorship, at the Old Royal Exchange in New York City.

Montgomery County, New York
Montgomery County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 49,532. The county seat is Fonda. The county was named in honor of Richard Montgomery, an American Revolutionary War general killed in 1775 at the Battle of Quebec. The county is part of the Mohawk Valley region of the state.

The county is part of the Albany-Schenectady-Troy combined statistical area.

Historically occupied by the Mohawk people, one of the original Five Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, the county was created in 1772 during the period of British colonial rule as Tryon County. In 1784, after the Americans gained independence in the War, it was renamed Montgomery County for one of the heroes.

Montgomery County comprises the Amsterdam, NY micropolitan statistical area. The county borders the north and south banks of the Mohawk River.
Arik Air
Arik Air is a Nigerian airline operating mainly from two hubs at Murtala Muhammed International Airport in Lagos and Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport in Abuja. Arik Air's head office is the Arik Air Aviation Center on the grounds of Murtala Muhammed International Airport in Ikeja. Arik Air serves a network of regional and mid-haul destinations within Africa.

O. R. Tambo International Airport
O. R. Tambo International Airport (IATA: JNB, ICAO: FAOR) is an international airport serving the twin cities of Johannesburg and the main capital of South Africa, Pretoria. It is situated in Kempton Park, Gauteng. It serves as the primary airport for domestic and international travel for South Africa and since 2020, it is Africa's second busiest airport, with a capacity to handle up to 28 million passengers annually. The airport serves as the hub for South African Airways. The airport handled over 21 million passengers in 2017.

The airport was originally known as Jan Smuts International Airport, after the former South African Prime Minister. It was renamed Johannesburg International Airport in 1994, and  subsequently on 27 October 2006 the airport was renamed after anti-apartheid politician Oliver Tambo (1917–1993). Its ICAO code was changed from FAJS to FAOR on 10 January 2013.
Menai Bridge railway station
Menai Bridge railway station is a disused railway station situated in the Bangor suburb of Treborth in Gwynedd, North West Wales. It was built to serve the town of Menai Bridge on the Isle of Anglesey, although it was across the Menai Strait from the town, this station.

Menai Bridge
Menai Bridge (Welsh: Porthaethwy; usually referred to colloquially as Y Borth) is a town and community on the Isle of Anglesey in north-west Wales.  It overlooks the Menai Strait and lies by the Menai Suspension Bridge, built in 1826 by Thomas Telford, just over the water from Bangor. It has a population of 3,376.

There are many small islands near the town, including Church Island. The Menai Heritage Bridges Exhibition celebrates the Menai Suspension Bridge, built by Thomas Telford, and the Britannia Bridge, built by Robert Stephenson.
Česko Slovenská SuperStar season 5
Česko Slovenská SuperStar (English: Czech&Slovak SuperStar) is the joint Czech-Slovak version of Idols merged from Česko hledá SuperStar and Slovensko hľadá SuperStar which previous to that had three individual seasons each.
The fifth season castings were held in Prague, Brno, Ostrava, Žilina, Bratislava and Košice. The season premiered on February 24, 2018 on TV Nova in the Czech Republic and on February 25, 2018 on Markíza in Slovakia, which have also been the broadcast stations for the individual seasons.

SuperStar (Czech and Slovak TV series)
SuperStar (previously known as Česko Slovenská SuperStar) is a joint Czech-Slovak version Česko hledá SuperStar and SuperStar Search Slovakia based on the Idol franchise. Three seasons of this competition were broadcast separately in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, but in 2009, they were merged to reduce costs and increase attractiveness for viewers.

The first season premiered in September 2009 with castings held in Prague, Brno, Bratislava, and Košice. It aired on two channels, TV Nova (Czech Republic) and Markíza (Slovakia), which have also been the broadcast stations for the individual seasons.

Determining to legitimate a fair chance for each country's contestants to reach the final, twelve contestants split into genders and nationalities in the semifinals, assuming a 50% share for each country in the top 12.
Black-necked cranes in Bhutan
Black-necked cranes in Bhutan (Grus nigricollis) are winter visitors during late October to mid February to the Phobjikha Valley as well as Ladakh, India, and Arunachal Pradesh, India.  They arrive from the Tibetan Plateau, where they breed in the summer. They visit the Phobjikha Valley in large numbers, which is a declared protected area for the cranes, and also to other valleys in smaller numbers in central and eastern Bhutan.

On arrival in Phobhjikha they are seen to circle Gangteng Monastery three times as if practicing kora ("circumambulation"), and repeat this act as they begin their return to the Tibet Autonomous Region in early spring.

Dark-rumped swift
The dark-rumped swift (Apus acuticauda) is a species of swift in the family Apodidae.
It is found in Bhutan and Northeast India and is a vagrant to Thailand.
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
It is threatened by habitat loss.
Witch post
A witch post is a local superstition where the cross of St Andrew (a saltire) is used as a hex sign on the fireplaces in Northern England, in Yorkshire and Lancashire, in order to prevent witches from flying down the chimney and entering the house to do mischief. By placing the St Andrew's cross on one of the fireplace posts or lintels, witches are thought to be prevented from entering through this opening. In this case, it is similar to the use of a witch ball, although the cross is supposed to actively prevent witches from entering, and the witch ball is supposed to passively delay or entice the witch, and perhaps entrap it.

Witch ball
A witch ball is a hollow sphere of glass. Witch balls were hung in cottage windows in 17th- and 18th-century England to ward off evil spirits, witches, evil spells, and ill fortune.

Witch balls were used to ward off evil spirits in the English counties of East Sussex and West Sussex. The tradition was also taken to overseas British colonies, such as New England, and remains popular in coastal regions. Examples of the witch ball in use can be seen in the windows of houses from small rural villages to coastal towns and cities. Examples can also be seen in shop windows as well, often not for sale as they are prized.
2011 British Indoor Athletics Championships
The 2011 British Indoor Athletics Championships was the 5th edition of the national championship in indoor track and field for the United Kingdom. It was held from 12–13 February 2011 at the English Institute of Sport, Sheffield, England. A total of 24 events (divided evenly between the sexes) were contested over the two-day competition.

Guest athlete Livia Burri set a Swiss indoor record of 9:24.40 while finishing fifth in the women's 3000 m.

British Indoor Athletics Championships
The British Indoor Athletics Championships is the annual national championship in indoor track and field for the United Kingdom, organised by UK Athletics. Eight track and five field events for both men and women are contested, with athletes being invited to compete, after reaching qualifying standards. In even numbered years, the competition acts as a qualifier for the World Indoor Championships, and in odd numbered years it is a qualifier for the European Indoor Championships.

First held in 2007, the competition replaced the AAA Indoor Championships, organised by the Amateur Athletic Association of England, which had served as the de facto national championship since 1935. Racewalking events were added to the programme in 2015.
Silginy
Silginy [ɕilˈɡinɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Barciany, within Kętrzyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) north-west of Barciany, 23 km (14 mi) north-west of Kętrzyn, and 71 km (44 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Barciany
Barciany (Polish: [barˈt͡ɕanɨ]) is a village in Kętrzyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Barciany.
Congdü
Congdü (Chinese: 充堆; pinyin: Chōngduī) is a township in Nyalam County, the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. It lies at an altitude of 3,763 metres (12,349 feet). The village has a population of about 237.

Nyalam County
Nyalam County (Chinese: 聂拉木县; Tibetan: གཉའ་ལམ་རྫོང་།) is a county in Shigatse, Tibet, China. It borders on Nepal.

The land area of the county is 7,903 km2 (3,051 sq mi). The population as of 2003 was 10,000. The postal code for the county is 858300.

The county seat is in Nyalam Town.

The other town of the county is Zhangmu, also known by its Tibetan name Dram, or Nepali Khasa. It is located near the border and is the point of entry from Nepal. At "merely" 2,300 meters elevation about the sea level, Zhangmu has mild and humid subtropical climate, which is a rarity for Tibet.

It is one of the four counties that comprise the Qomolangma National Nature Preserve (Nyalam, Tingri, Dinggyê, and Kyirong).
Las Zawadzki
Las Zawadzki [ˈlas zaˈvat͡ski] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Widawa, within Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) south of Widawa, 26 km (16 mi) south-west of Łask, and 57 km (35 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Widawa, Łódź Voivodeship
Widawa [viˈdava] is a village in Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Widawa. It lies approximately 22 km (14 mi) south-west of Łask and 53 km (33 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź. It is located in the Sieradz Land.
Vestibule (architecture)
A vestibule (also anteroom, antechamber, outer room, windbreak room, air-lock entry, or foyer) is a small room leading into a larger space such as a lobby, entrance hall, or passage, for the purpose of waiting, withholding the larger space from view, reducing heat loss (air trap, windbreak), providing storage space for outdoor clothing (mudroom), etc. The term applies to structures in both modern and classical architecture since ancient times.

In antiquity, antechambers were employed as transitional spaces leading to more significant rooms, such as throne rooms in palaces or the naos in temples. In ancient Roman architecture, a vestibule (Latin: vestibulum) was a partially enclosed area between the interior of the house and the street.

In modern architecture, a vestibule is typically a small room next to the outer door and connecting it with the interior of the building.

Throne room
A throne room or throne hall is the room, often rather a hall, in the official residence of the crown, either a palace or a fortified castle, where the throne of a senior figure (usually a monarch) is set up with elaborate pomp—usually raised, often with steps, and under a canopy, both of which are part of the original notion of the Greek word thronos.
John Morley (cricketer)
John Wilby Morley (30 July 1838 – 24 April 1864) was an English first-class cricketer.

The son of The Reverend William Morley, he was born in July 1838 at Raithby, Lincolnshire. He was educated at Marlborough College, before going up to Brasenose College, Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he made four appearances in first-class cricket for Oxford University in 1859–60, scoring a total of 47 runs with a high score of 19. Shortly after graduating from Oxford, Morley emigrated to Australia, where he died along the Mackenzie River in Queensland in April 1864.

Marlborough College
Marlborough College is a public school (English private boarding school) for pupils aged 13 to 18 in Marlborough, Wiltshire, England. It was founded as Marlborough School in 1843 by the Dean of Manchester, George Hull Bowers, for the education of the sons of Church of England clergy. It now adopts a co-educational model. In 2023 there were around 1000 pupils, approximately 45% of whom were female.

In 2024, the school was included in The Schools Index as one of the 150 best private schools in the world and among the top 30 senior schools in the UK. Fees for boarding pupils in 2024/2025 are £50,985 per year.
History of Thai clothing
Thai traditional costumes vary by city and the ruler of each historical period. Thai clothes can be classified according to six distinct periods of history; beginning with the 13th century. Previously, traditional Thai clothes were worn daily; however, they are now only worn on auspicious functions such as Thai traditional marriage ceremonies.

Kingdom of Chiang Mai
The Kingdom of Rattanatingsa or the Kingdom of Chiang Mai (Thai: นครเชียงใหม่, full name: รัตนติงสาอภินวปุรีสรีคุรุรัฎฐพระนครเชียงใหม่, RTGS: Rattanatingsa Aphinawa Puri Si Khuru Rattha Phra Nakhon Chiang Mai; Northern Thai: ᨻᩕᨶᨣᩬᩁᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᩉᩲ᩠ᨾ᩵, full name: ᩁᨲ᩠ᨲᨶᨲᩥᩴᩈᩣᩋᨽᩥᨶᩅᨷᩩᩁᩦᩈᩕᩦᨣᩩᩁᩩᩁᨭᩛᨻᩕᨶᨣᩬᩁᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᩉᩲ᩠ᨾ᩵) was the vassal state of the Siamese Rattanakosin Kingdom in the 18th and 19th century before being annexed by Siam in 1899 by Chulalongkorn via centralization policies. The kingdom was a successor of the medieval Lanna kingdom, which had been under Burmese rule for two centuries until it was captured by Siamese forces under Taksin of Thonburi in 1775. It was ruled by the Chet Ton dynasty and came under Thonburi tributary.
Jean Macé
Jean François Macé (22 August 1815 in Paris – 13 December 1894 in Monthiers) was a French educator, journalist, active freemason and politician. He was perhaps best known as the founder of Ligue de l'enseignement to promote free, universal and secular education. From 1883 until his death, he was a senator for life in the Third Republic Senate.

Senator for life (France)
A senator for life (French: sénateur inamovible) was an elected position under the French Third Republic, similar to that of senator for life in other countries. At one time the French Senate was composed of 300 members, of whom 75 were inamovible ("unremovable").
2021 Kerry Senior Hurling Championship
The 2021 Kerry Senior Hurling Championship was the 120th staging of the Kerry Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kerry County Board in 1889. The draw for the group stage pairings took place on 15 July 2021. The championship ran from 30 July to 19 September 2021.

Kilmoyley entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 19 September 2021 at Austin Stack Park in Tralee, between Kilmoyley and St Brendan's, in what was their fifth meeting in the final overall and a first final meeting in six years. Kilmoyley won the match by 1–14 to 1–11 to claim a record-breaking 26th championship title overall and a second title in succession.

Cian Hussey was the championship's top scorer with 1-48.

2020 Kerry Senior Hurling Championship
The 2020 Kerry Senior Hurling Championship was the 119th staging of the Kerry Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kerry County Board in 1889. The championship draw took place on 29 June 2020. A straight knockout format was used for the first time in a number of years due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gaelic games. The championship ran from 14 August to 20 September 2020.

Causeway entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 20 September 2020 at Austin Stack Park in Tralee, between Kilmoyley and Causeway, in what was their third meeting in the final overall and a first final meeting in 13 years. Kilmoyley won the match by 2–12 to 1–14 to claim a record-equalling 25th championship title overall and a first title in four years.

Kilmoyley's Maurice O'Connor was the championship's top scorer with 3-15.
Dotfuscator
Dotfuscator is a tool performing a combination of code obfuscation, optimization, shrinking, and hardening on .NET, Xamarin and Universal Windows Platform apps. Ordinarily, .NET executables can easily be reverse engineered by free tools (such as ILSpy, dotPeek and JustDecompile), potentially exposing algorithms and intellectual property (trade secrets), licensing and security mechanisms. Also, code can be run through a debugger and its data inspected. Dotfuscator can make all of these things more difficult.

Dotfuscator was developed by PreEmptive Solutions. A free version of the .NET Obfuscator, called the Dotfuscator Community Edition, is distributed as part of Microsoft's Visual Studio.  However, the current version is free for personal, non-commercial use only.

Obfuscation (software)
In software development, obfuscation is the practice of creating source or machine code that is intentionally difficult for humans or computers to understand. Similar to obfuscation in natural language, code obfuscation may involve using unnecessarily roundabout ways to write statements. Programmers may obfuscate code to conceal its purpose, logic, or embedded values. The primary reasons for doing so are to prevent tampering, deter reverse engineering, or to create a puzzle or recreational challenge to deobfuscate the code, a challenge often included in crackmes. While obfuscation can be done manually, it is more commonly performed using obfuscators.
Rajgir Mahotsav
Rajgir Mahotsav or festival, formerly Rajgir Nritaya (Dance) Mahotsav, is a festival of dance and music. It is an annual three-day event in Rajgir, Bihar, India, that was first held in 1986. It is organized by the Nalanda district administration with the help of the Government of Bihar’s Department of Culture and Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation.

Nalanda district
Nalanda district is one of the thirty-eight districts of the state of Bihar in India. Bihar Sharif is the administrative headquarters of this district. The districts is home to the ancient Nalanda Mahavihara a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Nalanda is located in the Magadh region of southern Bihar.