hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1946 Sagaing earthquakes
The 1946 Sagaing earthquakes (also known as the Wuntho earthquakes) struck central Burma at 15:17 local time on 12 September. The first earthquake measured a magnitude of 7.3 Mw  and was followed by a 7.7 Mw  earthquake. Both events remain some of the largest in the country since the 1762 Arakan earthquake.

Coulomb stress transfer
Coulomb stress transfer is a seismic-related geological process of stress changes to surrounding material caused by local discrete deformation events. Using mapped displacements of the Earth's surface during earthquakes, the computed Coulomb stress changes suggest that the stress relieved during an earthquake not only dissipates but can also move up and down fault segments, concentrating and promoting subsequent tremors. Importantly, Coulomb stress changes have been applied to earthquake-forecasting models that have been used to assess potential hazards related to earthquake activity.
Chana Lukhoi
Oinam Lukhoi (ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥꯝ ꯂꯨꯈꯣꯏ), also known as Oinamcha Tunan, popularly known as Chana Lukhoi (ꯆꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯈꯣꯏ, 10 April 1950 – 29 December 2024), was an Indian playwright, folk narrator, and cultural activist from Manipur. He was a leading figure in Shumang Leela, a traditional Manipuri courtyard theatre form. Over his long career, he wrote more than 200 plays and received many awards for his contribution to Meitei art, literature, and culture.

Meitei folklore
Meitei folklore is the folklore and mythology of the Meitei people of Manipur, India.

Such folklore is traditionally passed from generation to generation. Currently, the government of Manipur is planning to preserve the folklore of the Meitei people through primary education in government institutions.
Theatre of Turkey
Turkish theatre  refers to theater activities in Turkey. Turkey has four "major theatrical traditions": "folk theatre, popular theatre, court theater, and Western theater." Turkish folk theatre goes back thousands of years and has survived among rural communities. Popular theatre includes plays by live actors, puppet and shadow plays, and storytelling performances. An example for shadow play is Karagöz and Hacivat. Court theatre was the refined version of popular theatre. Beginning in the 19th century, Western theatre tradition started appearing in Turkey with the foundation of the Arevelian Tatron. Following the establishment of Turkish Republic, a state conservatory and the State Theatre Company were formed.

Meddah
Meddah is the name given to a traditional Turkish story teller, who played in front of a small group of viewers, such as a coffeehouse audience. This form of performance was especially popular in the Ottoman Empire from the 16th century onwards. The play was generally about a single topic, the meddah playing different characters, and was usually introduced by drawing attention to the moral contained in the story. The meddah would use props such as an umbrella, a handkerchief, or different headwear, to signal a change of character, and was skilled at manipulating his voice and imitating different dialects. There was no time limitation on the shows; a good meddah had the skill to adjust the story depending on interaction with the audience.
Bill Vakaafi Motufoou
Bill Vakaafi Motufoou is a Niuean politician and former Cabinet Minister.

Motufoou was the General Secretary for the Mutalau Village Council and Committee Member of the Niue Island Organic Farming Association (NIOFA) before entering politics.

He was first elected into the Niue Assembly as Assemblyman for the Village of Mutalau in the 1999 Niuean general election. He was re-elected at the 2002 election and appointed Minister of Works, Agriculture and Fisheries in the government of Young Vivian. In 2004 he was the Niuean delegate at the senior officers meeting of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. He was re-elected in 2005 and reappointed to Cabinet. He was re-elected unopposed at the 2008 election, but not appointed to Toke Talagi's cabinet. He finally lost his seat on a coin toss to Maureen Melekitama at the 2017 election.

Young Vivian
Mititaiagimene Young Vivian CNZM NDSC (born 12 November 1935) is a Niuean politician and diplomat, who served as Premier of Niue twice, the first time from December 1992 to March 1993 following the death of Sir Robert Rex, and the second from 2002 to 2008. He also served as a Cabinet Minister multiple times, first as Minister of Education, Economic Development and Agriculture and later as Minister of Finance under Robert Rex, and in the Cabinet of Sani Lakatani. From 1979 to 1982 he served as Secretary-General of the South Pacific Commission.
Peruvian Democratic Party
The Peruvian Democratic Party (Spanish: Partido Demócrata Peruano, PDP) is a Peruvian political party founded on 26 June 2006 by former Union for Peru (UPP) members following differences within the party.

Elected Congress members Carlos Torres Caro, Gustavo Espinoza and Rocío González left UPP after the defeat of the party's presidential ticket, led by Ollanta Humala and featuring Torres Caro as a candidate to Second Vice-President, in the Second Round (runoff) of the 2006 national election. The rift arose when Humala called on radical left groups to join a "People's Democratic and Nationalist Front" ("Frente Nacionalista Democrático y Popular"), to be led by UPP and Humala's own Peruvian Nationalist Party.

Torres Caro is the party's leader and most prominent member, having not only been on UPP's presidential ticket, but also having obtained the most individual votes from UPP's congressional candidates.

Union for Peru
Union for Peru (Spanish: Unión por el Perú) is a Peruvian political party founded by Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, an ex-UN Secretary General, in 1994 to run for the presidency of Peru in the 1995 general elections. Originally a social democratic party, the party became the main political home of the Peruvian ethnocacerist movement in the late-2010s after a group led by former Army Major Antauro Humala joined the party. Humala later formed the Patriotic Front in 2018 and contested the 2021 general elections.
Civil calendar
The civil calendar is the calendar, or possibly one of several calendars, used within a country for civil, official, or administrative purposes. The civil calendar is almost always used for general purposes by people and private organizations.

The most widespread civil calendar and de facto international standard is the Gregorian calendar. Although that calendar was first declared by Pope Gregory XIII to be used in Catholic countries in 1582, it has since been adopted, as a matter of convenience, by many secular and non-Christian countries, although some countries use other calendars.

Calendar
A calendar is a system of organizing days. This is done by giving names to periods of time, typically days, weeks, months and years. A date is the designation of a single and specific day within such a system. A calendar is also a physical record (often paper) of such a system. A calendar can also mean a list of planned events, such as a court calendar, or a partly or fully chronological list of documents, such as a calendar of wills.

Periods in a calendar (such as years and months) are usually, though not necessarily, synchronized with the cycle of the sun or the moon. The most common type of pre-modern calendar was the lunisolar calendar, a lunar calendar that occasionally adds one intercalary month to remain synchronized with the solar year over the long term.
NFL on television in the 1980s
NBC made history in the 1980s with an announcerless telecast, which was a one-shot experiment credited to Don Ohlmeyer, between the Jets and Dolphins in Miami on December 20, 1980), as well as a single-announcer telecast, coverage of the Canadian Football League during the 1982 players' strike (the first week of broadcasts featured the NFL on NBC broadcast teams, before a series of blowout games on the network and the resulting low ratings resulted in NBC cutting back and eventually canceling its CFL coverage), and even the first female play-by-play football announcer, Gayle Sierens (which in its own way set the mold for female sportscasters of today).

1986 NFL season
The 1986 NFL season was the 67th regular season of the National Football League. Defending Super Bowl Champion Chicago Bears shared the league's best record with the Giants at 14–2, with the Giants claiming the spot in the NFC by tiebreakers. The season ended with Super Bowl XXI when the New York Giants defeated the Denver Broncos 39–20 at the Rose Bowl to win their first league title in 30 years.
1893 Birthday Honours
The 1893 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen, and were published in the London Gazette on 2 June 1893 and in The Times on 3 June 1893.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Order of the Indian Empire
The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria on 1 January 1878. The Order includes members of three classes:

Knight Grand Commander (GCIE)

Knight Commander (KCIE)

Companion (CIE)

Appointments terminated after 1947, the year that British India became the independent Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan. With the death of the last surviving knight, the Maharaja Meghrajji III of Dhrangadhra, the order became dormant in 2010.
The motto of the Order is Imperatricis auspiciis, (Latin for "Under the auspices of the Empress"), a reference to Queen Victoria, the first Empress of India. The Order is the junior British order of chivalry associated with the British Indian Empire; the senior one is The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India.
T. Semmes Walmsley
Thomas Semmes Walmsley (June 10, 1889 – June 19, 1942) was an American attorney and politician who was the mayor of New Orleans from July 1929 to June 1936. He is also known for his rivalry with Louisiana Governor Huey Long.

Mayor of New Orleans
The post of Mayor of the City of New Orleans (French: Maire de La Nouvelle-Orléans) has been held by the following individuals since New Orleans came under American administration following the Louisiana Purchase — the 1803 acquisition by the U.S. of 828,800 square miles (2,147,000 km2) of the French province La Louisiane. In all mayoral elections since 1930, New Orleans has used a two-round system with a preliminary round and a runoff if no candidate reached a majority in the first round. All mayors of New Orleans since 1872 have been Democrats.
Aspergillus unilateralis
Aspergillus unilateralis is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It is from the Fumigati section. Several fungi from this section produce heat-resistant ascospores, and the isolates from this section are frequently obtained from locations where natural fires have previously occurred. The species was first described in 1954. It has been reported to produce aszonapyrones and mycophenolic acid.

Aspergillus
Aspergillus (/ˌæspərˈdʒɪləs/) is a genus consisting of several hundred mold species found in various climates worldwide.

Aspergillus was first catalogued in 1729 by the Italian priest and biologist Pier Antonio Micheli. Viewing the fungi under a microscope, Micheli was reminded of the shape of an aspergillum (holy water sprinkler), from Latin spargere (to sprinkle), and named the genus accordingly. Aspergillum is an asexual spore-forming structure common to all Aspergillus species; around one-third of species are also known to have a sexual stage. While some species of Aspergillus are known to cause fungal infections, others are of commercial importance.
Bad Sobernheim station
Bad Sobernheim station is a through station, 38.44 km from Bingen on the Nahe Valley Railway  (Bingen–Saarbrücken), in the town of Bad Sobernheim in the district of Bad Kreuznach in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.  It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 5 station.

Nahe Valley Railway
The Nahe Valley Railway (German: Nahetalbahn) is a two-track, partially electrified main line railway in the German states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, which runs for almost 100 kilometres along the Nahe. It was built by the Rhine-Nahe Railway Company and connects Bingen am Rhein on the Left Rhine line with Saarbrücken. It was opened between 1858 and 1860 and is one of the oldest railways in Germany. The section south of Bad Kreuznach is part of the regionally important transport corridor between the two major cities of Mainz and Saarbrücken.
Philip Pasterfield
Philip John Pasterfield was Bishop of Crediton from 1974 to 1984.

Pasterfield was born in Canada on 14 January 1920 and educated at Denstone College and Trinity Hall, Cambridge. After World War II service with the Somerset Light Infantry he studied for ordination and began his career with a curacy at Streatham. He was made a deacon on Trinity Sunday 1951 (20 May) and ordained a priest the Trinity Sunday following (8 June 1952) — both times by Bertram Simpson, Bishop of Southwark, at Southwark Cathedral. Following this he was Vicar of West Lavington, West Sussex then Woolbeding in the same area; and finally, before his ordination to the episcopate, Rural Dean of Birkenhead. He was consecrated a bishop on 18 October 1974 by Michael Ramsey, Archbishop of Canterbury, at Westminster Abbey. In retirement he continued to serve the Diocese of Exeter as an honorary assistant bishop until his death on 29 January 2001.

Denstone College
Denstone College is a co-educational, private, boarding and day school in Denstone, Uttoxeter, Staffordshire, England. It is a Woodard School, having been founded by Nathaniel Woodard, and so Christian traditions are practised as part of College life. It is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.
Roald Bradstock
Arne Roald Bradstock is a two time Olympic javelin thrower from England who competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics and the 1988 Summer Olympics. and a three-time Olympic artist known as the "Olympic Picasso" and credited with creating a new art genre - The Olympism Art Genre - that captures the Olympic values in a visual art form.

Olympic Museum
The Olympic Museum (French: Musée olympique) in Lausanne, Switzerland houses permanent and temporary exhibits relating to sport and the Olympic movement. With more than 10,000 artifacts, the museum is the largest archive of Olympic Games memorabilia in the world and one of Lausanne's prime tourist site draws attracting more than 250,000 visitors each year.

The Olympic Museum and the Olympic Park (sculpture garden between the museum and Lake Léman) are located at Ouchy, south of Lausanne. The headquarters of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) are located at Vidy, to the west of Ouchy.
THine Electronics
THine Electronics Incorporated is a Japanese fabless LSI manufacturer that provides mixed signal LSIs and analog technologies, headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. THine Electronics also has subsidiaries in Seoul, South Korea and Taipei, Taiwan. Some of THine’s products have the most market shares in the world because of technical advantages. Its technologies include high-speed interfaces such as V-by-One HS, LVDS, timing controller, analog-to-digital converter (ADC), image signal processor (ISP), and power management in smartphones, tablets, flat screen televisions, LCD monitors, projectors, document processing, amusement, security systems, and automotive markets.

Fabless manufacturing
Fabless manufacturing is the design and sale of hardware devices and semiconductor chips while outsourcing their fabrication (or fab) to a specialized manufacturer called a semiconductor foundry. These foundries are typically, but not exclusively, located in mainland China and Taiwan. Fabless companies can benefit from lower capital costs while concentrating their research and development resources on the end market. Some fabless companies and pure play foundries (like TSMC) may offer integrated-circuit design services to third parties.
Receptivity (NMR)
In NMR spectroscopy, receptivity refers to the relative detectability of a particular element.  Some elements are easily detected, some less so.  The receptivity is a function of the abundance of the element's NMR-responsive isotope and that isotope's gyromagnetic ratio (or equivalently, the nuclear magnetic moment).  Some isotopes, tritium for example, have large gyromagnetic ratios but low abundance.  Other isotopes, for example 103Rh, are highly abundant but have low gyromagnetic ratios. Widely used NMR spectroscopies often focus on highly receptive elements: 1H, 19F, and 31P.

Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance
Phosphorus-31 NMR spectroscopy is an analytical chemistry technique that uses nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to study chemical compounds that contain phosphorus. Phosphorus is commonly found in organic compounds and coordination complexes (as phosphines), making it useful to measure 31- NMR spectra routinely. Solution 31P-NMR is one of the more routine NMR techniques because 31P has an isotopic abundance of 100% and a relatively high gyromagnetic ratio. The 31P nucleus also has a spin of ⁠1/2⁠, making spectra relatively easy to interpret. The only other highly sensitive NMR-active nuclei spin ⁠1/2⁠ that are monoisotopic (or nearly so) are 1H and 19F.
2022 Astana Qazaqstan Team season
The 2022 season for the Astana Qazaqstan Team is its 16th season, all of which have been as a UCI WorldTeam. The team returned to a name that represents the country of Kazakhstan after the team had two main sponsors in 2021. Canadian tech company Premier Tech exited after one year amidst disagreements and subsequently sponsored Israel–Premier Tech, the team formerly known as Israel Start-Up Nation. They use Wilier bicycles, Shimano drivetrain, Corima wheels and Giordana clothing.

NSN Cycling Team
The NSN Cycling Team (UCI team code: NSN) is a UCI WorldTeam cycling team. It was originally founded in 2014 by Ron Baron and Ran Margaliot as Cycling Academy and was based in Israel. It started as a Continental outfit to help develop young cycling talent and kickstart their professional careers. Under the names of Israel Start-Up Nation and Israel–Premier Tech, the team competed as a UCI World Tour squad from 2020 to 2022 before being relegated to the UCI ProTeam at the end of the 2022 season. At the time, the team and its riders were subject to disruptions by protestors over the Gaza War and accused of sportswashing.

In November 2025, it was announced that the team would go through a rebrand and be renamed to NSN Cycling Team for the 2026 cycling season. The team rides under a Swiss license and is based in Spain and competes in the World Tour.
Busemann G-space
In mathematics, a Busemann G-space is a type of metric space first described by Herbert Busemann in 1942.

If  is a metric space such that

for every two distinct  there exists  such that  (Menger convexity)

every -bounded set of infinite cardinality possesses accumulation points

for every  there exists  such that for any distinct points  there exists  such that  (geodesics are locally extendable)

for any distinct points , if  such that ,  and , then  (geodesic extensions are unique).

then X is said to be a Busemann G-space.  Every Busemann G-space is a homogeneous space.

The Busemann conjecture states that every Busemann G-space is a topological manifold. It is a special case of the Bing–Borsuk conjecture. The Busemann conjecture is known to be true for dimensions 1 to 4.

Topological manifold
In topology, a topological manifold is a topological space that locally resembles real n-dimensional Euclidean space. Topological manifolds are an important class of topological spaces, with applications throughout mathematics. All manifolds are topological manifolds by definition. Other types of manifolds are formed by adding structure to a topological manifold (e.g. differentiable manifolds are topological manifolds equipped with a differential structure). Every manifold has an "underlying" topological manifold, obtained by simply "forgetting" the added structure. However, not every topological manifold can be endowed with a particular additional structure. For example, the E8 manifold is a topological manifold which cannot be endowed with a differentiable structure.
Liz Danforth
Elizabeth T. Danforth (born 1953) is an illustrator, editor, writer, and scenario designer for collectible card games, role-playing games and video games. She has worked in the game industry continuously since the mid 1970s.

Tunnels & Trolls: Crusaders of Khazan
Crusaders of Khazan is a computer adaptation of the tabletop role-playing game Tunnels and Trolls, developed and published by New World Computing in 1990 for MS-DOS, FM Towns, PC-88 and PC-98. The game is available from Flying Buffalo and in Fiery Dragon's Tunnels and Trolls 30th Anniversary Edition. The game was an international production, designed and directed in the US but programmed in Japan.
Shoulder problems
Shoulder problems, including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body.  However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading to a degenerative process in which tissues break down and no longer function well.

Shoulder pain may be localized or may be referred to areas around the shoulder or down the arm. Other regions within the body (such as gallbladder, liver, or heart disease, or disease of the cervical spine of the neck) also may generate pain that the brain may interpret as arising from the shoulder.

Scapula
The scapula (pl.: scapulae or scapulas), also known as the shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). Like their connected bones, the scapulae are paired, with each scapula on either side of the body being roughly a mirror image of the other. The name derives from the Classical Latin word for trowel or small shovel, which it was thought to resemble.

In compound terms, the prefix omo- is used for the shoulder blade in medical terminology. This prefix is derived from ὦμος (ōmos), the Ancient Greek word for shoulder, and is cognate with the Latin (h)umerus, which in Latin signifies either the shoulder or the upper arm bone.

The scapula forms the back of the shoulder girdle. In humans, it is a flat bone, roughly triangular in shape, placed on a posterolateral aspect of the thoracic cage.
Tavistock (UK Parliament constituency)
Tavistock was a parliamentary constituency in Devon between 1330 and 1974. Until 1885 it was a parliamentary borough, consisting solely of the town of Tavistock; it returned two Members of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom until 1868, when its representation was reduced to one member. From 1885, the name was transferred to a single-member county constituency covering a much larger area. (Between 1885 and 1918, the constituency had the alternative name of West Devon.)

The constituency was abolished for the February 1974 general election, when it was largely replaced by the new West Devon constituency.

Devon (UK Parliament constituency)
Devon was a parliamentary constituency covering the county of Devon in England. It was represented by two Knights of the Shire, in the House of Commons of England until 1707, then of the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and finally the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832. Elections were held using the bloc vote system of elections.

Under the Reform Act 1832, it was split into two divisions, North Devon and South Devon, for the 1832 general election.