hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hallandia antiqua et hodierna
Hallandia antiqua et hodierna is a Swedish language book on the history of Halland. It was written by Jacob Richardson and was published in two parts in 1752 and 1753; a planned third part was never published. The book is strongly influenced by Suecia antiqua et hodierna and was based on two journeys, fourteen years apart.

The book mainly describes graves and remains. It does, however, also include an overview of the economy of the towns in Halland, as well as maps of towns, roads, administrative boundaries and so on. It was Richardson's opinion that Halland had gone through a golden era, in which it was more prosperous and populous. The book therefore tries to prove the existence of such a golden era, with abundant natural resources and good governance. The book lacks a conclusive overview of the political history of Halland. This is likely because of the long Danish history of the province. 
The book is regarded as unreliable, except for the description of the 18th century economy.

Halland
Halland (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈhǎlːand] ⓘ)  is one of the traditional provinces of Sweden (landskap), on the western coast of Götaland, southern Sweden. It borders Västergötland, Småland, Scania and the sea of Kattegat.  Until 1645 and the Second Treaty of Brömsebro, it was part of the Kingdom of Denmark. Its name means Land of Rocky Slabs (Swedish: hällar) referring to the coastal cliffs of especially the northern part of the region.
Gemma Bovery
Gemma Bovery (ISBN 0-2240-6114-3) is a graphic novel by British writer and cartoonist Posy Simmonds. Originally published as a serial in The Guardian, it was published in book form in 1999. It is the tragicomic story of the life and death of an English expatriate in Normandy, drawing many parallels to Gustave Flaubert's 1857 novel Madame Bovary.

Serial (literature)
In literature, a serial is a printing or publishing format by which a single larger work, often a work of narrative fiction, is published in smaller, sequential installments. The installments are also known as numbers, parts, fascicules or fascicles, and may be released either as separate publications or within sequential issues of a periodical publication, such as a magazine or newspaper.

Serialisation can also begin with a single short story that is subsequently turned into a series.  Historically, such series have been published in periodicals. Popular short-story series are often published together in book form as collections.
Real estate contract
A real estate contract is a contract between parties for the purchase and sale, exchange, or other conveyance of real estate. The sale of land is governed by the laws and practices of the jurisdiction in which the land is located. Real estate called leasehold estate is actually a rental of real property such as an apartment, and leases (rental contracts) cover such rentals since they typically do not result in recordable deeds.  Freehold ("More permanent") conveyances of real estate are covered by real estate contracts, including conveying fee simple title, life estates, remainder estates, and freehold easements.  Real estate contracts are typically bilateral contracts (i.e., agreed to by two parties) and should have the legal requirements specified by contract law in general and should also be in writing to be enforceable.

Freehold (law)
A freehold, in common law jurisdictions or Commonwealth countries such as England and Wales, Australia, Canada, Ireland, India and the United States, is the common mode of ownership of real property, or land, and all immovable structures attached to such land.

It is in contrast to a leasehold, in which the property reverts to the owner of the land after the lease period expires or otherwise lawfully terminates. For an estate to be a freehold, it must possess two qualities: immobility (property must be land or some interest issuing out of or annexed to land) and ownership of it must be forever ("of an indeterminate duration"). If the time of ownership can be fixed and determined, it cannot be a freehold. It is "An estate in land held in fee simple, fee tail or for term of life."

The default position subset is the perpetual freehold, which is "an estate given to a grantee for life, and then successively to the grantee's heirs for life."
Winnipeg Grenadiers
The Winnipeg Grenadiers was an infantry regiment of the Canadian Army.

First formed on 1 April 1908 under General Order No. 20. Initially it was raised with headquarters at Morden, Manitoba, and companies at: A Company at Morden, B Company at Morden, C Company at Manitou, D Company at Carman, E Company at Roland, F Company at Pilot Mound, G Company at Cartwright and H Company at Boissevain. The unit did not have any active personnel enrolled at the formation.

On 1 February 1910, all companies and headquarters were moved to Winnipeg. On 2 May 1910, the designation was changed to the 100th Winnipeg Grenadiers. The first officers were gazetted to the regiment on 18 May 1910. Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Norlande Ruttan, who came from the Retired List, commanded the regiment on organization (General Order No. 57 (HQ 32-1-107)). The regiment was reorganized under General Order No. 120 (1915) on 1 October 1915 to establish four companies.

Morden, Manitoba
Morden is a city located in the Pembina Valley region of southern Manitoba, Canada, near the United States border. It is about 11 km (6.8 mi) west of the neighbouring city of Winkler and they are often referred to as Manitoba's Twin Cities. Morden, which is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Stanley, is the eighth largest and fastest-growing city in Manitoba. According to Statistics Canada, the city had a population of 9,929 in 2021, an increase of 14.5% from 2016, making it Manitoba's fastest growing city.
Dinka (DJ)
Dinka (born Tamara Hunkeler on 24 June; also known as Tamara Maria Kler) is a Swiss DJ from Lucerne. She performs progressive house music with elements of world music, which she describes as "Multicultural Dance Music".

After coming in contact with Above & Beyond, who appreciated her music, Tamara signed with their label, Anjunabeats. She also earned a deal with A State of Trance, a subsidiary of Dutch DJ Armin van Buuren's Armada Music. In September 2012, she reached #2 at the Billboard Next Big Sound chart.

Her stage name comes from the Dinka people from South Sudan. When asked for the reason she chose such a name, she commented:

I've been amazed by their story of fighting for their culture. And it seemed to be the right start to connect continents. I want people to be aware of everything happening on this planet. And on a second level to accept and share similarities rather than go crazy about differences.

Progressive house
Progressive house is a subgenre of house music. The progressive house style emerged in the early 1990s. It initially developed in the United Kingdom as a natural progression of North American and European house music of the late 1980s.
Timeline of jet power
This article outlines the important developments in the history of the development of the air-breathing (duct) jet engine. Although the most common type, the gas turbine powered jet engine, was certainly a 20th-century invention, many of the needed advances in theory and technology leading to this invention were made well before this time.

The jet engine was clearly an idea whose time had come. Frank Whittle submitted his first patent in 1930.  By the late 1930s there were six teams chasing development, three in Germany, two in the UK and one in Hungary. By 1942 they had been joined by another half dozen British companies, three more in the United States based on British technology, and early efforts in the Soviet Union and Japan based on British and German designs respectively. For some time after the World War II, British designs dominated, but by the 1950s there were many competitors, particularly in the US with its huge arms-buying programme.

Junkers
Junkers Flugzeug- und Motorenwerke AG (JFM, earlier JCO or JKO in World War I, English: Junkers Aircraft and Motor Works) more commonly Junkers [ˈjʊŋkɐs], was a major German aircraft and aircraft engine manufacturer. It was founded in Dessau, Germany, in 1895 by Hugo Junkers, initially manufacturing boilers and radiators.  During World War I and following the war, the company became famous for its pioneering all-metal aircraft. During World War II the company produced the German air force's planes, as well as piston and jet aircraft engines, albeit in the absence of its founder who had been removed by the Nazis in 1934.
ACE 2 (video game)
ACE 2 (an acronym for Air Combat Emulator 2) is a combat flight simulator video game developed by Cascade Games for various home computers released in 1987, and a sequel to Ace. The player takes the role of a fighter jet pilot on modern day missions in the Middle East. The display shows the plane's instrumentation and cockpit view.

The game received mixed reviews from critics, with some praising the game for its new control scheme and introduction of multiplayer, while others criticized it for being oversimplified compared to its predecessor.

Combat flight simulation game
Combat flight simulators are vehicle simulation games, amateur flight simulation computer programs used to simulate military aircraft and their operations. These are distinct from dedicated flight simulators used for professional pilot and military flight training which consist of realistic physical recreations of the actual aircraft cockpit, often with a full-motion platform.

Combat flight simulation titles are more numerous than civilian flight simulators due to the variety of subject matter available and market demand. Many free flight simulators, such as the open source Linux Air Combat, Falcon 4.0, Digital Combat Simulator and Rise of Flight, can be downloaded for free off the Internet.
Battle of Loulin
The Battle of Loulin was fought in Winter 645 BC between the states of Chu and Xu, the latter being supported by a coalition of northern states led by Qi. Xu, originally the most powerful state of the Huai River valley, had been weakened by internal unrest and several wars since the beginning of the Spring and Autumn period. As its influence over eastern Hubei, southern Henan and central Anhui waned, Chu began to expand into these regions. Threatened by these developments, Xu joined an alliance of several northern states against Chu. In spring 645 BC, when Chu invaded Xu's southern heartland, the northern states sent a relief expedition in order to aid Xu and stop Chu's eastern conquests. The coalition forces eventually met Chu's army at Loulin and were defeated, marking the beginning of Xu's final decline and accelerating the end of Qi's hegemony over China.

Qi (state)
Qi, or Ch'i in Wade–Giles romanization,  was a regional state of the Zhou dynasty in ancient China, whose rulers held titles of Hou (侯), then Gong (公), before declaring themselves independent Kings (王). Its capital was Linzi, located in present-day Shandong. Qi was founded shortly after the Zhou conquest of Shang, c. 1046 BCE. Its first monarch was Jiang Ziya (Lord Tai; r. 1046–1015 BCE), minister of King Wen and a legendary figure in Chinese culture. His family ruled Qi for several centuries before it was replaced by the Tian family in 386 BCE. Qi was the final surviving state to be annexed by Qin during its unification of China.
Sherenden
Sherenden is a settlement in the Hastings District and Hawke's Bay Region of New Zealand's North Island.

It was established around a school house in 1916. The community fundraised to build a swimming pool in 1961.

The community of Otamauri is located west of the Sherenden village.

Hastings District, New Zealand
Hastings District is a territorial authority district within the Hawke's Bay region, on the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand. It includes the southern half of the Hawke Bay coast, excluding Napier City, which is under a separate territorial authority. Hastings District Council is headquartered in the city of Hastings, the district's largest town.

The district has an area of 5,227 square kilometres. The population was 88,300 as of June 2025, which is 1.7% of the population of New Zealand, ranking it tenth in population size out of the seventy-four territorial authorities. This comprises 49,800 people in the Hastings urban area, 15,000 people in the Havelock North urban area, 2,040 people in the Clive urban area, and 21,460 people in rural areas and settlements.

Mayor Sandra Hazlehurst was elected in a by-election in 2017, and re-elected in the 2019 election.
1951 eruption of Mount Lamington
In early January 1951, a series of minor explosions and earthquakes rocked Mount Lamington, a volcano in the Australian-administered Territory of Papua and New Guinea (now in Oro Province, Papua New Guinea). Prior to the eruption, Mount Lamington was not recognized as a volcano due to the absence of historically recorded eruptions and dense vegetation cover. From January 15, volcanic activity intensified, and tall eruption plumes were generated. The largest eruption occurred on the morning of January 21 when a thick black plume of ash rose 15,000 metres (50,000 ft) into the atmosphere. The eruption collapsed a lava dome and produced a lethal pyroclastic flow that killed 2,942 people. In the years after the eruption, new lava domes formed and collapsed in succession. Activity persisted until July 1956. The eruption is the deadliest natural disaster in Australian history, as the region was under the rule of the Government of Australia.

Territory of Papua and New Guinea
The Territory of Papua and New Guinea was established by an administrative union between the Australian-administered territories of Papua and New Guinea (the latter being a United Nations trust territory administered by Australia) in 1949. In December 1971, the name of the Territory changed to "Papua New Guinea" and in 1975 it became the Independent State of Papua New Guinea.
Waldsee, Palatinate
Waldsee (German pronunciation: [ˈvaltˌzeː] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

It is situated approximately 3 km north of Speyer. Waldsee is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Rheinauen.

Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis
The Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis (German: [ʁaɪnˈpfaltsˌkʁaɪs]) is a district (Kreis) in the east of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

Neighboring districts are (from north clockwise) the district-free city Worms, the district Bergstraße, district-free Mannheim, Frankenthal and Ludwigshafen, Rhein-Neckar, district-free Speyer, the districts Karlsruhe, Germersheim, Südliche Weinstraße and Bad Dürkheim.
Rolls-Royce Camargue
The Rolls-Royce Camargue is a 2-door luxury saloon manufactured and marketed by Rolls-Royce Motors from 1975–1986. Designed by Paolo Martin at Pininfarina, the Camargue was the first post-war production Rolls-Royce not designed in-house (not including the more prolific coachbuilt Corniche by Mulliner-Park Ward, and the coachbuilt variants of production models such as Silver Wraith, Silver Cloud, and Silver Shadow which were built by firms such as James Young, Mulliner, Park Ward, Hooper, et al).

The Camargue derives its name from the coastal region in southern France.

Luxury car
A luxury car is a passenger automobile providing superior comfort levels, features, and equipment. More expensive materials and surface finishes are used, and buyers expect a correspondingly high build quality.

The term is relative and unavoidably subjective, reflecting both objective qualities of a car and the projected and perceived image of the vehicle's marque. Luxury brands rank above premium brands, though there is no clear distinction between the two.

Luxury cars span from sports cars to large saloons and sport utility vehicles. "Compact" luxury vehicles also fill a niche.
Gloucestershire Health and Care NHS Foundation Trust
Gloucestershire Health and Care NHS Foundation Trust is an NHS foundation trust which provides physical health, mental health and learning disability services throughout Gloucestershire.

The trust was formed on 1 October 2019 by the merger of 2gether NHS Foundation Trust and Gloucestershire Care Services NHS Trust.

NHS foundation trust
NHS foundation trusts are semi-autonomous organisational units within the National Health Service (NHS) in England. They operate with a degree of independence from the Department of Health and Social Care, and—prior to the abolition of strategic health authorities (SHAs) in 2013—from their respective SHA. Foundation trusts were established to decentralise decision-making and improve responsiveness to local needs. As of March 2019, there were 151 foundation trusts in operation.
Al-Naqirah
Al-Naqirah (Arabic: النقيرة, also spelled al-Nuqayrah) is a village in central Syria, administratively part of the Homs Governorate, located south of Homs. Nearby localities include Kafr Aya to the northeast, Maskanah to the west, Abil to the south, Qattinah to the southwest and Tell al-Shur to the west.

According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Naqirah had a population of 2,025 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.

Kafr Aya
Kafr 'Aya (Arabic: كفر عايا, also spelled Kfar Aaya or Kafr Aia) is a village in the Homs Governorate in central Syria, just south of Homs. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Kafr 'Aya had a population of 6,918 in 2004. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.
Clayton Brook
Clayton Brook is a large residential estate in Lancashire, between the city of Preston and the town of Chorley. It forms part of the Clayton-le-Woods civil parish, and is in the Clayton-le-Woods North ward of the borough of Chorley.

Chorley
Chorley is a town and the administrative centre of the wider Borough of Chorley in Lancashire, England, 8 miles (13 km) north of Wigan, 11 miles (18 km) south west of Blackburn, 11 miles (18 km) north west of Bolton, 12 miles (19 km) south of Preston and 20 miles (32 km) north west of Manchester. The town's wealth came principally from the cotton industry. In 2020 it had a population of 36,682.

In the 1970s, the skyline was dominated by factory chimneys, but most have now been demolished: remnants of the industrial past include Morrisons chimney and other mill buildings, and the streets of terraced houses for mill workers. Chorley is the home of the Chorley cake.
Deborah Howard
Deborah Janet Howard, FSA, FSA Scot, FRSE, FBA (born 1946) is a British art historian and academic. Her principal research interests are the art and architecture of Venice and the Veneto; the relationship between Italy and the Eastern Mediterranean, and music and architecture in the Renaissance. She is Professor Emerita of Architectural History in the Faculty of Architecture and History of Art, University of Cambridge and a Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge.

Courtauld Institute of Art
The Courtauld Institute of Art (/ˈkɔːrtəʊld/) is a self-governing college of the University of London specialising in the study of the history of art and conservation.

The art collection is known particularly for its French Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings, and is housed in the Courtauld Gallery. The Courtauld is based in Somerset House, in the Strand in London. In 2019, the Courtauld's teaching and research activities temporarily relocated to Vernon Square, London, while its Somerset House site underwent a major regeneration project.
Trial by Fire (comics)
Trial by Fire is a five-issue mini-series published in 2003 by CrossGen. The story was plotted by R. A. Salvatore and Scott Ciencin, scripted by Scott Ciencin, with art by Ron Wagner and colors by Caesar Rodriguez.

It is based on Salvatore's The DemonWars Saga and focuses on the elven trained barbarian ranger Andacanavar.

The DemonWars Saga
The DemonWars Saga is a series of high fantasy novels by R. A. Salvatore. It is set in the world of Corona, primarily in the kingdoms of Honce-the-Bear and Behren, and amongst the nomadic To-gai-ru. The series is separated into two trilogies connected by a single book, Mortalis. The saga has an accompanying roleplaying game entitled Demon Wars.
Manuel Linda
Manuel da Silva Rodrigues Linda (born 15 April 1956) is a Portuguese prelate of the Catholic Church. He was the bishop of the Military Ordinariate of Portugal from 2013 to 2018, when he was named Bishop of Porto.

Diocese of Porto, Portugal
The Diocese of Porto (Latin: Dioecesis Portugallensis) (Oporto) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in Portugal. It is a suffragan of the archdiocese of Braga. Its see at Porto is in the Norte region, and the second largest city in Portugal.
Matt Keetley
Matt Keetley (born April 27, 1986) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender who played in one game for Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League (NHL) during the 2007–08 season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 2007 to 2013, was spent in the minor leagues.

Ed Chynoweth Cup
The Ed Chynoweth Cup is an ice hockey club championship trophy awarded to the playoff champion of the Western Hockey League (WHL). Originally called the President's Cup when the league was founded in 1966, the trophy was renamed in 2007 to honour Ed Chynoweth's long service to junior ice hockey in Canada. The WHL champion earns a berth into the Memorial Cup tournament, Canada's major junior hockey championship. The Kamloops Blazers and Medicine Hat Tigers have won the most WHL championships, with six each. The Spokane Chiefs were the first team to win the renamed trophy in the 2007–08 WHL season. The current (2024–25) holders of the Ed Chynoweth Cup are the Medicine Hat Tigers.
Lintoy
Lintoy was a brand of die cast toys produced in the 1970s and 1980s from Hong Kong, owned by a man named David Lin.

Known for their die-cast airplanes, which included both military and commercial airline (such as Braniff International and American Airlines) editions, the line also produced die-cast cars and toy tool sets.

In 1979–1980 Lintoy made three models of Dinky Toys for Meccano Ltd.

Lintoy toys were distributed to various parts of the world. In the United States, they were distributed by Ertl and Bachmann Industries. At one time, the brand became known as "Bachmann/Lintoy".

Ertl Company
Ertl (formerly, the Ertl Company) is a former American manufacturing company and current brand of toys, best known for its die-cast metal alloy collectible replicas (or scale models) of agricultural machinery. Other products manufactured by Ertl include cars, airplanes, and commercial vehicles.

The company was based in Dyersville, Iowa, home of the National Farm Toy Museum.
Sean Spencer (American football)
Sean Spencer (born December 15, 1970), nicknamed "Coach Chaos", is an American football coach and former player. He is the Defensive Line coach at Virginia Tech, a position he has held since December of 2025. Spencer was the defensive line coach and run-game coordinator for the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL) from 2020 to 2021. He played college football as a safety at Clarion University of Pennsylvania—now known as PennWest Clarion.

Eric Mangini
Eric Anthony Mangini (born January 19, 1971) is an American former professional football coach and current television sports analyst for Fox Sports 1. He served as a head coach for the New York Jets from 2006 to 2008 and the Cleveland Browns from 2009 to 2010. After departing Cleveland, Mangini became an NFL analyst for ESPN. He returned to coaching with the San Francisco 49ers, starting in 2013 as the team's tight ends coach before being promoted to defensive coordinator in 2015, only to be fired in 2016 by new head coach Chip Kelly. Mangini then became  an analyst for Fox Sports 1.

Mangini is also known for being a former assistant under Bill Belichick, serving under him as a defensive assistant while Belichick was the defensive coordinator with the Jets and later following him to the New England Patriots.