hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anomalosa
Anomalosa is a genus of spiders in the family Lycosidae. It was first described in 1960 by Carl Friedrich Roewer. The type species is Anomalosa kochi.

The genus is endemic to Australia and found in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia.

As of 2017, it contains 2 Australian species.

Wolf spider
Wolf spiders are members of the family Lycosidae (from Ancient Greek  λύκος (lúkos) 'wolf'), named for their robust and agile hunting skills and excellent eyesight.

They live mostly in solitude, hunt alone, and usually do not spin webs. Some are opportunistic hunters, pouncing upon prey as they find it or chasing it over short distances; others wait for passing prey in or near the mouth of a burrow.

Wolf spiders resemble nursery web spiders (family Pisauridae), but wolf spiders carry their egg sacs by attaching them to their spinnerets, while the Pisauridae carry their egg sacs with their chelicerae and pedipalps.

Two of the wolf spider's eight eyes are large and prominent; this distinguishes them from nursery web spiders, whose eyes are all of roughly equal size. This can also help distinguish them from the similar-looking grass spiders.
2010 Brazil Open Series
The 2010 Brazil Open Series was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It was part of the 2010 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Curitiba, Brazil between 19 and 25 April 2010.

2010 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2010 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprises 13 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and approximately 150 regular series tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
Little Bear Fire
The Little Bear Fire wildfire in New Mexico on June 4, 2012 burned 44,330 acres and 254 buildings. The previously most destructive fire was the Cerro Grande Fire. The fire began on June 4, 2012 from a lightning strike and quickly grew out of control due to dry, windy conditions. The Little Bear Fire was contained by July 30, 2012 according to Federal Emergency Management Agency.

There was no loss of human life at all, but one couple in the evacuation zone reported that they received at least one call to evacuate the area. The New Mexico government did an effective job of notifying the public about the fire and mitigating damages.

view from Mecham Road

8 June 2012

Cerro Grande Fire
The Cerro Grande Fire was a prescribed-burn forest fire in Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America, that occurred in May of 2000. The fire started as a controlled burn on May 4, 2000, and became uncontrolled owing to high winds and drought conditions. Over 400 families in the town of Los Alamos, New Mexico, lost their homes in the resulting 58,000 acre fire. Structures at Los Alamos National Laboratory were also destroyed or damaged, although without loss or destruction of any of the special nuclear material housed there. No loss of human life occurred. The US General Accounting Office estimated total damages at $1 billion.
Dollar General Corp. v. Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians
Dollar General Corp. v. Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, 579 U.S. 545 (2016), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court was asked to determine if an American Indian tribal court had the jurisdiction to hear a civil case involving a non-Indian who operated a Dollar General store on tribal land under a consensual relationship with the tribe. The Court was equally divided, 4–4, and thereby affirmed the decision of the lower court, in this case the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, that the court had jurisdiction.

Dollar General
Dollar General Corporation is an American chain of discount stores headquartered in Goodlettsville, Tennessee. As of January 8, 2024, Dollar General operated 20,388 stores in the contiguous United States and Mexico.

The company began in 1939 in Scottsville, Kentucky, as a family-owned business called J.L. Turner and Son, owned by James Luther Turner and Cal Turner. In 1955, the name changed to Dollar General Corporation; in 1968 the company went public on the New York Stock Exchange. The Fortune 500 recognized Dollar General in 1999, and in 2020 it reached No. 112 on the list. Dollar General has grown to become one of the most profitable stores in the rural United States, with revenue reaching around $27 billion in 2019.

The company and its business practices have been subject to criticism, particularly regarding how it may be creating and perpetuating food deserts and stifling local businesses while offering fewer and lower-paying jobs.
Ghazar Parpetsi
Ghazar Parpetsi (Armenian: Ղազար Փարպեցի; Łazar Pʻarpecʻi) was a fifth-to-sixth-century Armenian historian. He had close ties with the powerful Mamikonian noble family and is most prominent for writing a history of Armenia in the last years of the fifth century or at the beginning of the sixth century. The history covers events from 387 to 485, starting with the partition of Armenia between the Byzantine and Sasanian empires and ending with the appointment of Vahan Mamikonian (Ghazar's friend and patron) as marzpan (governor) of Sasanian-ruled Armenia. It is the main source for Armenian history in the fifth century and is one of the two main accounts, along with that of Elishe, of the Armenian rebellion of 449–451 led by Vardan Mamikonian.

Gohar Muradyan
Gohar Muradyan (born October 28, 1957, Yerevan) is an Armenian philologist and translator. She is a senior researcher and head of the Department for the Study of Translated Literature at the Matenadaran in Yerevan, Armenia.
Jiao (commercial guild)
Jiao (Chinese character: 郊; Min Nan Chinese: Kau; pinyin: Jiao), also known as Jiao-shang (郊商), Hang-jiao (行郊), and also known as Ding-shou (頂手) and Jiu-Ba-hang (九八行), was a commercial guild organization that spread throughout Taiwan during the Qing dynasty.: 72–73  The members of the organization were mostly ship merchants or merchants who settled in ports. In the middle of the Qing dynasty, the commercial function of Jiao was gradually declining due to the sedimentation of the Taiwan River mouth and the establishment of foreign businesses by Western forces after the Xianfeng dynasty. However, after 1937, due to the outbreak of the second Sino-Japanese War and the long-term confrontation between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait after 1949, the commercial function of Jiao gradually declined and had already disappeared. Most of the existing Hangjiao have been transformed into religious groups dedicated to worship Shuixian Zunwang, Mazu, or Guan Yu.

Taiwan Strait
The Taiwan Strait (Chinese: 台湾海峡; Pinyin: Táiwān Hǎixiá) is a 180-kilometer-wide (110 mi; 97 nmi) strait separating the island of Taiwan and the Asian continent. The strait connects the South China Sea to the south, and the East China Sea to the north. The narrowest part is 126 km (78 mi; 68 nmi) wide.
Risk of ruin
Risk of ruin is a concept in gambling, insurance, and finance relating to the likelihood of losing all one's investment capital or extinguishing one's bankroll below the minimum for further play. For instance, if someone bets all their money on a simple coin toss, the risk of ruin is 50%. In a multiple-bet scenario, risk of ruin accumulates with the number of bets: each play increases the risk, and persistent play ultimately yields the stochastic certainty of gambler's ruin.

Stochastic
Stochastic (/stəˈkæstɪk/; from Ancient Greek  στόχος (stókhos) 'aim, guess') is the property of being well-described by a random probability distribution. Stochasticity and randomness are technically distinct concepts. Stochasticity refers to a modeling approach, while randomness describes phenomena. These terms are often used interchangeably. In probability theory, the formal concept of a stochastic process is also referred to as a random process.

Stochasticity is used in many different fields, including actuarial science, image processing, signal processing, computer science, information theory, telecommunications, chemistry, ecology, neuroscience, physics, and cryptography. It is also used in finance, medicine, linguistics,  music, media, colour theory,  botany, manufacturing and geomorphology.
Aspergillus luppii
Aspergillus luppii (also called A. aureofulgens) is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It is from the Flavipedes section. Aspergillus luppii produces the antimicrobics Curvularin and Dehydrocurvularin.

Aspergillus
Aspergillus (/ˌæspərˈdʒɪləs/) is a genus consisting of several hundred mold species found in various climates worldwide.

Aspergillus was first catalogued in 1729 by the Italian priest and biologist Pier Antonio Micheli. Viewing the fungi under a microscope, Micheli was reminded of the shape of an aspergillum (holy water sprinkler), from Latin spargere (to sprinkle), and named the genus accordingly. Aspergillum is an asexual spore-forming structure common to all Aspergillus species; around one-third of species are also known to have a sexual stage. While some species of Aspergillus are known to cause fungal infections, others are of commercial importance.
Waikato Connection
The Waikato Connection was a short-lived express passenger train between Hamilton and Auckland in New Zealand's North Island.  It consisted of a weekday single return service using diesel multiple unit railcars.

Like its southern counterpart, the Capital Connection between Palmerston North and Wellington, the service was operated by Tranz Scenic and run as a commercial venture.

The service was restored in 2021 for a five-year trial as "Te Huia".

Capital Connection
The Capital Connection is a long-distance commuter train operated by KiwiRail between Palmerston North and the capital city of Wellington on the Wellington-Manawatu section of the North Island Main Trunk.

In 2018, the service faced funding issues, but the Government ensured that the service would continue, with the NZ Transport Agency (NZTA, otherwise known as Waka Kotahi) and regional councils investing in subsidies and the replenishment of rolling stock.

The modernisation and replacement of the service has been included in the Horizons Regional Council 2021–2031 Regional Land Transport Plan and the Greater Wellington Regional Council plan.

The service is to be replaced by the Tūhono trains i.e. New Zealand BEMU class electric multiple units to provide a modern and more frequent service in 2030.
5th Airborne Artillery Campaign Regiment
The 5th Regiment of Airborne Field Artillery, (French: 5e Régiment d'Artillerie de Campagne Aéroporté, 5e RACAP) was an airborne artillery unit of the French Army from 1946 to 1949. The divisionary artillery regiment of the 25th Airborne Division, the regiment was heir to the 5th Artillery Regiment (French: 5e Régiment d'Artillerie, 5e R.A) of France. Elements passed to the 20th Light Parachute Artillery Regiment (French: 20e Régiment d'Artillerie Légère Parachutiste, 20e R.A.L.P), then to the 8th Artillery Regiment (French: 8e Régiment d'Artillerie, 8e R.A).

Founded in 1946 under the designation of 5e R.A.P, the regiment would eventually bear the designation of R.A.C.A.P.

The regiment was composed of batteries equipped with diverse materials (wheeled cannon type 75mm, British 88mm, the U.S. cannon type 37mm anti-tank and the U.S. cannon type 75mmm) along with other anti-aircraft type equipments.

25th Airborne Division (France)
The 25th Airborne Division (French: 25e Division Aéroportée (25e D.A.P)) was an airborne unit of the French Army. Constituted at the end of 1945, the division was created on February 1, 1946 and was dissolved during the Indochina War in June 1948; it did not serve in Indochina as an entire division.
West Chester Bypass
The West Chester Bypass is a limited-access bypass around the borough of West Chester in Chester County, located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It consists of two segments:

A limited-access, two-lane expressway segment of U.S. Route 322 running east–west and bypassing West Chester to the north.

A controlled-access, four-lane expressway segment of U.S. Route 322 running concurrent with U.S. Route 202. The segment runs north–south and bypasses the borough to the east.

U.S. Route 322 in Pennsylvania
U.S. Route 322 (US 322) is a spur of US 22, running from Cleveland, Ohio, east to Atlantic City, New Jersey. In the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, the route runs from the Ohio state line in West Shenango Township southeast to the Commodore Barry Bridge over the Delaware River in Chester, at which point the route crosses into New Jersey, meeting the New Jersey Turnpike at exit 2.  The route passes near or through several cities, including Meadville, DuBois, State College, and Harrisburg. US 322 in Pennsylvania is named the 28th Division Highway in honor of the 28th Infantry Division.
St. Laurent de Grandin
St. Laurent de Grandin is an area of Métis settlement along the South Saskatchewan River. It is just east of Duck Lake, and at present is the site of the St. Laurent Ferry, as well as the Roman Catholic Shrine of Our Lady of Lourdes. The shrine is a popular destination for Catholics in central Saskatchewan, and was historically associated with the Métis and Cree people of the area. St. Laurent was part of the Southbranch Settlement and is found downstream from Batoche. It is also a short distance upstream from St. Louis. It is situated in Aspen parkland roughly near the edge of the Nisbet Provincial Forest. Although never a town, St. Laurent was an important area of settlement and of spiritual significance in the area during the late 19th century. St. Laurent's picturesque scenery continues to attract tourists to the shrine along the Louis Riel Trail today.

Nisbet Provincial Forest
The Nisbet Provincial Forest is a provincially protected mixed-wood forest surrounded by Aspen parkland in North Central Saskatchewan, Canada. It consists of a north block north of the city of Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, and a south block between Duck Lake, Saskatchewan, MacDowall, Saskatchewan and Lily Plain, Saskatchewan. The forest drew Métis and white settlers to the area during the 1860s to 1880s and was an important source of building materials and fuel in this period. Today it is a provincially protected area although cattle grazing and recreational use including cross country skiing, snowmobiling, hiking, and hunting in the area are permitted.

The Louis Riel Trail runs through the south block of the Nisbet forest. The forest was named for James Nisbet, a Presbyterian clergyman who established a mission at Prince Albert.
Liroconite
Liroconite is a complex mineral: Hydrated copper aluminium arsenate hydroxide, with the formula Cu2Al[(OH)4|AsO4]·4(H2O). It is a vitreous monoclinic mineral, colored bright blue to green, often associated with malachite, azurite, olivenite, and clinoclase. It is quite soft, with a Mohs hardness of 2–2.5, and has a specific gravity of 2.9–3.0.

It was first identified in 1825 in the tin and copper mines of Devon and Cornwall, England. Although it remains quite rare it has subsequently been identified in a variety of locations including France, Germany, Australia, New Jersey and California.

The type locality for liroconite is Wheal Gorland in St Day, Cornwall in the United Kingdom. The largest crystal specimen on public display is in the Royal Cornwall Museum in Truro.

It occurs as a secondary mineral in copper deposits in association with olivenite, chalcophyllite, clinoclase, cornwallite, strashimirite, malachite, cuprite and limonite.

Azurite
Azurite or Azure spar: 14  is a soft, deep-blue copper mineral produced by weathering of copper ore deposits. During the early 19th century, it was also known as chessylite, after the type locality at Chessy near Lyon, France. The mineral, a basic carbonate with the chemical formula Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2, has been known since ancient times, and was mentioned in Pliny the Elder's Natural History under the Greek name kuanos (κυανός: "deep blue," root of English cyan) and the Latin name caeruleum. Copper (Cu2+) gives it its deep blue color.
1980 in motoring
1980 in motoring deals with developments in the automotive industry that occurred in 1980, listed by country. The automotive industry designs, develops, manufactures, markets, and sells motor vehicles.

Lancia Delta
The Lancia Delta (stylized Lancia δ) is a small family car produced by Italian automobile manufacturer Lancia in three generations. The first generation (1979–1994) debuted at the 1979 Frankfurt Motor Show, the second generation (1993–1999) debuted at the 1993 Geneva Motor Show, and the third generation (2008–2014) debuted at 2008 Geneva Motor Show.

The first generation Delta dominated the World Rally Championship during the late 1980s and early 1990s. The homologation requirements of Group A regulations meant marketing road-going versions of these competition cars — the Lancia Delta HF 4WD and HF Integrale. A total of 44,296 Integrales were produced. Total production number of the Delta first generation was 478,645 cars.
Ilarion Ridge
Ilarion Ridge is a partly ice-free ridge of elevation 240 m situated in Breznik Heights on Greenwich Island, Antarctica.  Extending along the south coast of Hardy Cove, 2 km southwest of Parchevich Ridge, 1.9 km east-northeast of Lyutitsa Nunatak, 2.5 km northeast of Vratsa Peak, 1.3 km north of St. Kiprian Peak, and 2.6 km north-northwest of Fort Point.  Overlooking Musala Glacier to the south.  Bulgarian topographic survey Tangra 2004/05.  Named after Metropolitan Ilarion Makariopolski (1812–75), a leading figure in the restoration of the autocephalous Bulgarian Church in 1870.

62°31′27″S 59°36′11″W﻿ / ﻿62.52417°S 59.60306°W﻿ / -62.52417; -59.60306

Breznik Heights
Breznik Heights (Breznishki Vazvisheniya \'brez-nish-ki v&-zvi-'she-ni-ya\) rises to over 600 m in the southeast part of Greenwich Island in Antarctica.  They extend 12 km between Santa Cruz Point in the northeast and the base of the moraine spit of Provadiya Hook at the mouth of Yankee Harbour in the southwest.  The heights are ice-covered except for limited precipitous areas such as those at Oborishte Ridge, Ephraim Bluff, Viskyar Ridge and Bogdan Ridge.

The heights are named after the town of Breznik in Western Bulgaria.
Nalcor Energy
Nalcor Energy was an energy corporation headquartered in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. A provincial Crown corporation under the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nalcor Energy was created in 2007 to manage the province's energy resources.

The company had distinct business lines comprising Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro, the Churchill Falls (Labrador) Corporation, the Lower Churchill Project, energy marketing, oil and gas development, and The Bull Arm Fabrication Site.

On June 23, 2021, Premier Andrew Furey announced Nalcor Energy would be dismantled and folded into NL Hydro, previously a subsidiary of Nalcor.

Hibernia oil field
Hibernia is an oil field in the North Atlantic Ocean, approximately 315 kilometres (196 mi) east-southeast of St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, in 80 m of water.: 35–36

The production platform Hibernia is the world's largest oil platform (by mass) and consists of a 37,000 t (41,000 short tons) integrated topsides facility mounted on a 600,000 t (660,000 short tons) gravity base structure. The platform was towed to its final site, and 450,000 t (500,000 short tons) of solid ballast were added to secure it in place. Inside the gravity base structure are storage tanks for 1.3 million barrels (210,000 m3) of crude oil.
Cheung Shan (Kowloon)
Middle Hill, also known as Cheung Shan (Chinese: 象山; lit. 'Elephant Mountain'), is a mountain in Hong Kong at 585 metres (1,919 ft) in height. Located to the north of Kowloon Peak (Fei Ngo Shan) and to the south of Tung Shan, it falls within the Ma On Shan Country Park and straddles the border between Wong Tai Sin and Sai Kung districts.

Sai Kung District
Sai Kung District is one of the 18 districts of Hong Kong. The district comprises the southern half of the Sai Kung Peninsula, the Clear Water Bay Peninsula in the New Territories and a strip of land to the east of Kowloon. Areas in the district include Sai Kung Town, Hong Kong UNESCO Global Geopark, Tseung Kwan O and over 70 islands of different sizes. The administrative centre had been located in Sai Kung Town until the Sai Kung District Office was relocated to Tseung Kwan O recently. The district's population is concentrated in Tseung Kwan O, as of 2011. In 2011, the district was the third youngest district, with a median age of 39.3. Known as the "back garden of Hong Kong", Sai Kung has been able to retain its natural scenery. Many traditional customs and cultures are still retained in the rural villages.
Adelong Falls Gold Workings
The Adelong Falls Gold Workings is a heritage-listed former gold processing site and now picnic reserve at Adelong, in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. It was designed and built in 1860 by David Wilson and William Ritchie. It is also known as Adelong Falls Gold Workings/Reserve. The property is owned by the Snowy Valleys Council. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Reverberatory furnace
A reverberatory furnace is a metallurgical or process furnace that isolates the material being processed from contact with the fuel, but not from contact with combustion gases. The term reverberation is used here in a generic sense of rebounding or reflecting, not in the acoustic sense of echoing.
Kidnapping of Alon Ohel
On 7 October 2023, Alon Ohel (Hebrew: אלון אהל; born 10 February 2001), an Israeli-Serbian pianist, was abducted by Hamas during the Nova Music Festival massacre. He was held hostage in the Gaza Strip for two years, until his release on 13 October 2025 as part of the Gaza peace plan.

Lavon, Israel
Lavon (Hebrew: לָבוֹן) is a community settlement in northern Israel. Located in the Galilee four kilometres north of Karmiel, it falls under the jurisdiction of Misgav Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 845.
Blaxnit Cup
The Blaxnit Cup, is a defunct club football competition which featured teams from both football associations on the island of Ireland, in a similar format to the later Setanta Cup. It was inaugurated in 1967 as a cross-border competition between clubs from the League of Ireland from the Republic of Ireland and the Irish League from Northern Ireland and ran until 1974. The competition was sponsored by Blaxnit, a sock and hosiery manufacturer based in Newtownards.

The competition featured four teams from each league. The Blaxnit Cup was the third cross-border competition. Previous competitions included the Dublin and Belfast Intercity Cup 1941/42-1948/49 and the North-South Cup 1961/62-1962/63.

After the demise of the Blaxnit Cup teams from both sides of the border continued to compete in the Texaco Cup 1973/74-1974/75, the Tyler Cup 1978-1980 and after 2005 in the Setanta Sports Cup.

The tournament suffered from lack of interest and security concerns.

North-South Cup
The North-South Cup was a short-lived football tournament featuring clubs from Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. It was played for two seasons in the 1960s and on both occasions won by teams from Northern Ireland.

The 1960–61 competition was played to the semi-final stage, however due to fixture congestion the final had to be held over to the following season.  Similarly the 1961–62 competition could not be finished in time, the first round and part of the second round were played during the season, however the rest was completed during the 1962–63 season.