hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
South-Central Zone of São Paulo
The South-Central Zone is an Administrative Zone of São Paulo, Brazil. According to the 2010 census, it has a population of 731,758 inhabitants.

It is a region that is in constant development, with housing neighborhoods more valuable than in the city, such as Klabin, Vila Clementino, and Mirandópolis.

Locals refer to this region simply as South Zone.

Subdivisions of São Paulo
São Paulo in Brazil is a large metropolitan city that has several levels of subdivision.  Administratively, the municipality is divided into 32 boroughs, each in turn divided into 96 wards (distritos, or districts).  Locally, wards may contain one or more neighborhoods (bairros).
AICA ribonucleotide
5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) is an intermediate in the generation of inosine monophosphate. AICAR is an analog of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) that is capable of stimulating AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) activity. The drug has also been shown as a potential treatment for diabetes by increasing the metabolic activity of tissues by changing the physical composition of muscle. AICAR typically refers to AICA riboside, whereas ZMP refers to AICA ribotide.

Adenosine monophosphate
Adenosine monophosphate (AMP), also known as 5'-adenylic acid, is a nucleotide. AMP consists of a phosphate group, the sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine. It is an ester of phosphoric acid and the nucleoside adenosine. As a substituent it takes the form of the prefix adenylyl-.

AMP plays an important role in many cellular metabolic processes, being interconverted to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), as well as allosterically activating enzymes such as myophosphorylase-b. AMP is also a component in the synthesis of RNA. AMP is present in all known forms of life.
Rocky Mountain cutthroat trout
The Rocky Mountain cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus virginalis), formerly lumped in with the cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) as one species with multiple subspecies, is a fish species of the family Salmonidae native to cold-water tributaries of the northern and southern Rocky Mountains, as well as into portions of the Great Basin in North America. As a member of the genus Oncorhynchus, it is a part of the Pacific trout group, which includes the widely distributed rainbow trout. Cutthroat trout are popular gamefish, especially among anglers who enjoy fly fishing. The common name "cutthroat" refers to the distinctive red coloration on the underside of the lower jaw.

Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus is a genus of ray-finned fish in the subfamily Salmoninae of the family Salmonidae, native to coldwater tributaries of the North Pacific basin. The genus contains sixteen extant species, namely six species of Pacific salmon and ten species of Pacific trout, all of which are migratory (either anadromous or potamodromous) mid-level predatory fish that display natal homing and semelparity.

The name of the genus is derived from Ancient Greek ὄγκος (ónkos), meaning "bend", and ῥύγχος (rhúnkhos), meaning "snout", in reference to the hooked secondary sexual characteristic — known as the kype — that the males develop on the lower jaw tip during mating season.
Alex Party
Alex Party is an Italian electronic dance group. The band consisted of the Italian brothers Paolo and Gianni Visnadi (also of Livin' Joy), DJ Alex Natale, and vocalist, singer and songwriter Shanie Campbell.

Their most famous single to date is "Don't Give Me Your Life", a #2 hit in both the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom in early 1995. The group's first single, "Saturday Night Party (Read My Lips)", was an immediate success, and became an Ibiza anthem during the summer of 1993. It became their first Top 40 hit in the United Kingdom, peaking at #29.

Livin' Joy
Livin' Joy are an international Eurodance act that formed in 1994. It primarily consists of American vocalist Tameko Star and previously Italian producers Paolo and Gianni Visnadi.

In 1994, the group debuted with Janice Robinson serving as the group's vocalist alongside the Visnadi brothers as producers. They released the single "Dreamer" that year, which became a number one hit on the UK Singles Chart and US Billboard Dance Club Songs chart. In 1995, Robinson departed from the group and was replaced the following year by American singer Tameko Star, with whom Livin' Joy released the album Don't Stop Movin'  (1996). The album spawned a string of hit singles including "Don't Stop Movin'", "Follow the Rules", and "Where Can I Find Love".
La statue
La statue (The Statue) is an opera in three acts and five tableaux by Ernest Reyer to the libretto by Michel Carré and Jules Barbier based on tales from One Thousand and One Nights and La statue merveilleuse, an 1810 carnival play (pièce foraine) by Alain-René Lesage and Jacques-Philippe d'Orneval.

Although in its story opera possesses a certain Oriental climate, musically it has very little resemblance to its locale, remaining in core of the French music tradition of 18th and early 19th century. It was originally conceived and performed as an opéra comique (with some spoken dialogue instead of all recitatives).

Opéra comique
Opéra comique (French: [ɔpeʁa kɔmik]; plural: opéras comiques) is a genre of French opera that contains spoken dialogue and arias. It emerged from the popular opéras comiques en vaudevilles of the Fair Theatres of St Germain and St Laurent (and to a lesser extent the Comédie-Italienne), which combined existing popular tunes with spoken sections. Associated with the Paris theatre of the same name, opéra comique is not necessarily comical or shallow; Carmen, perhaps the most famous opéra comique, is a tragedy.
Manamadurai Junction railway station
Manamadurai Junction railway station (station code: MNM) is an NSG–5 category Indian railway junction station in Madurai railway division of Southern Railway zone. It serves the city of Manamadurai, located in Sivaganga district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the one among the two major railway junctions in Sivaganga district and the other major one is Karaikudi Junction. Manamadurai junction is the only four branched junction in the district. It has totally 5 platforms, in which only 3 are functioning and last two are used for docking unscheduled and freight trains.

Rameswaram railway station
Rameswaram railway terminus (station code: RMM) is an NSG–3 category Indian railway station in Madurai railway division of Southern Railway zone. It serves the town of Rameswaram, located in Ramanathapuram district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The station links the pilgrim town as well as the rest of the island to the mainland via the highly acclaimed New Pamban Rail Bridge.
Curtorim
Curtorim is a town in the Salcette taluka of South Goa district in Goa, India. It comes under Margao metropolitan region. Curtorim, a verdant agrarian village, known as the "granary of Salcete", is said to have got its name from either kuddtari or kuddtoddi since the agricultural village had kudds (rooms) built on the river bank (toddir) to store kharif and rabi crops.

Margao
Margao (Goan Konkani: Modgaum, IPA: [mɵɖɡãʋ]; Portuguese: Margão, IPA: [mɐɾɡɐ̃ũ]) is the commercial capital of the Indian state of Goa. It stands on the banks of the river Sal. It is the district headquarters of South Goa, and administrative headquarters of Salcete sub-district. It is Goa's second largest city by population after Mormugao.
Mary Meilak
Mary Meylak (9 August 1905 – 1 January 1975) was a Maltese poet. she holds a unique place in the history of Maltese literature in that she is the first recorded female Maltese poet as well as the first Maltese woman to publish a book of collected poetry. She was a contemporary of Gan Anton Vassallo, Dwardu Cachia, Dun Karm, Anastasju Cuschieri, Ninu Cremona, Ġużè Delia, Ġorġ Zammit, Ġorġ Pisani, and Anton Buttigieg.

Dun Karm Psaila
Carmelo Psaila, better known as Dun Karm Psaila (18 October 1871 – 13 October 1961) was a Maltese Roman Catholic priest, writer and poet, sometimes called the "bard of Malta". He is widely recognised as the Maltese national poet and as the lyricist for the Maltese national anthem (Maltese: L-Innu Malti).
Columbian Issue
The Columbian Issue, also known as the Columbians, is a set of 16 postage stamps issued by the United States to commemorate the World's Columbian Exposition held in Chicago during 1893. The finely-engraved stamps were the first commemorative stamps issued by the United States, depicting various events during the career of Christopher Columbus and are presently much valued by collectors.

Mail
The mail or post is a system for physically transporting postcards, letters, and parcels. A postal service can be private or public, though many governments place restrictions on private systems. Since the mid-19th century, national postal systems have generally been established as a government monopoly, with a fee on the article prepaid. Proof of payment is usually in the form of an adhesive postage stamp, but a postage meter is also used for bulk mailing.

Postal authorities often have functions aside from transporting letters. In some countries, a postal, telegraph and telephone (PTT) service oversees the postal system, in addition to telephone and telegraph systems. Some countries' postal systems allow for savings accounts and handle applications for passports.

The Universal Postal Union (UPU), established in 1874, includes 192 member countries and sets the rules for international mail exchanges as a Specialized Agency of the United Nations.
Bowers Museum
The Bowers Museum is an art museum located in Santa Ana, California. The museum's permanent collection includes more than 100,000 objects, and features notable strengths in the areas of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, Native American art, the art of Asia, Africa, and Oceania, and California plein-air painting. The Bowers organizes and hosts special exhibitions from institutions throughout the world, and travels exhibitions nationally and internationally. The museum has a second campus two blocks south of the main site, Kidseum, a children's museum with a focus on art and archaeology. The Bowers Museum and Kidseum are located in Santa Ana 6.4 km (four miles) south of Disneyland.

Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe
The Basilica of Santa María de Guadalupe, officially called Insigne y Nacional Basílica de Santa María de Guadalupe (in English: Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe) is a basilica of the Catholic Church, dedicated to the Virgin Mary in her invocation of Our Lady of Guadalupe, located at the foot of the Hill of Tepeyac in the Gustavo A. Madero borough of Mexico City. It belongs to the Primate Archdiocese of Mexico through the Guadalupana Vicariate, which since November 4, 2018, is in the care of Monsignor Efraín Hernández Díaz, who has the title of general and episcopal vicar of Guadalupe and abbot of the basilica.

Every year some twenty million pilgrims visit the sanctuary, of which about nine million do so in the days around December 12, the day on which Our Lady of Guadalupe is celebrated. Annually, the Basilica of Santa María de Guadalupe has at least twice as many visitors as the best-known Marian shrines.
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia)
The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation (Russian: Министерство природных ресурсов и экологии Российской Федерации) is a ministry of the Government of Russia responsible for managing natural resources and the environment.

Alexander Kozlov has served as Minister of Natural Resources and Environment since 10 November 2020.

Water supply and sanitation in Russia
In Russia, approximately 70 per cent of drinking water comes from surface water and 30 per cent from groundwater. In 2004, water supply systems had a total capacity of 90 million cubic metres a day. The average residential water use was 248 litres per capita per day. One quarter of the world's fresh surface and groundwater is located in Russia. The water utilities sector is one of the largest industries in Russia serving the entire Russian population.
Drögen
Drögen is a lake in Kinda and Linköping municipalities, Östergötland County in southeastern Sweden. The lake lies in sparsely populated area and is mostly surrounded by forests. Common fish in the lake are Eurasian perch, northern pike, common bleak, vendace, burbot, tench, common bream and roach. Occasionally European eel can be found while the local population of Arctic char (Swedish: storröding) has gone extinct.

Östergötland County
Östergötland County (Swedish: Östergötlands län) is a county or län in southeastern Sweden. It has land borders with the counties of Kalmar to the southeast, Jönköping to the southwest, Örebro to the northwest, and Södermanland to the northeast. It also has a sea border with Västra Götaland to the west (across lake Vättern), and borders the Baltic Sea to the east.

Östergötland County has a population of 456,550 (September 30, 2017) and the capital and biggest city is Linköping. Linköping and neighbouring twin city Norrköping together form one of Sweden's metropolitan areas; The Linköping-Norrköping Corridor is therefore sometimes marketed as The Fourth Metropolitan Region of Sweden, the other three being Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö. Princess Estelle is Duchess of Östergötland.
James Torre
James Torre (April 1649 – 31 July 1699) was an English antiquarian and genealogist, based initially in Lincolnshire and later Yorkshire. He published nothing, but his extensive manuscript notes have been influential on subsequent scholarship on the local history of Yorkshire and the ecclesiastical province of York.

Francis Drake (antiquary)
Francis Drake (January 1696 – 16 March 1771) was an English antiquary and surgeon, best known as the author of an influential history of York, which he entitled Eboracum after the Roman name for the city.
Ground-based interferometric gravitational-wave search
Ground-based interferometric gravitational-wave search refers to the use of extremely large interferometers built on the ground to passively detect (or "observe") gravitational wave events from throughout the cosmos. Most recorded gravitational wave observations have been made using this technique; the first detection, revealing the merger of two black holes, was made in 2015 by the LIGO sites.

As of 2024, major detectors are the two LIGO sites in the United States, Virgo in Italy and KAGRA in Japan, which are all part of the second generation of operational detectors. Developing projects include LIGO-India as part of the second generation, and the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer forming a third generation. Space-borne interferometers such as LISA are also planned, with a similar concept but targeting different kind of sources and using very different technologies.: 40

Kamioka Observatory
The Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo (神岡宇宙素粒子研究施設, Kamioka Uchū Soryūshi Kenkyū Shisetsu; Japanese pronunciation: [kamioka ɯtɕɯː soɾʲɯꜜːɕi keŋkʲɯː ɕiꜜsetsɯ]) is a neutrino and gravitational waves laboratory located underground in the Mozumi mine of the Kamioka Mining and Smelting Co. near the Kamioka section of the city of Hida in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. Multiple neutrino experiments have taken place at the observatory over two decades. The experiments have contributed to the advancement of particle physics, in particular to the study of neutrino astronomy and neutrino oscillation.
Socialism in Tunisia
Socialism in Tunisia or Tunisian socialism is a political philosophy that is shared by various political parties of the country. It has played a role in the country's history from the time of the Tunisian independence movement against France up through the Tunisian Revolution to the present day.

Workers' Party (Tunisia)
The Workers' Party (Arabic: حزب العمال, romanized: Ḥizb el-'Ummēl; French: Parti des travailleurs) is a communist party in Tunisia. Legalized only in 2011, it participates in the Popular Front coalition, which is represented in the Assembly of the Representatives of the People. The party's long-term leader is general secretary Hamma Hammami.

Founded in 1986, the party was known as the Tunisian Workers' Communist Party (Arabic: حزب العمال الشيوعي التونسي, romanized: Ḥizb el-'Ummēl esh-Shuyū'ī et-Tūnsī; French: Parti communiste des ouvriers de Tunisie, PCOT) until 2012. After the rename it remained a member of the Hoxhaist International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle).
Demographics of Assam
The population of Assam consist of tribal ethnic groups (including Bodo, Karbi, Rabha, Mishing, Dimasa, Deori) and linguistic groups such as Assamese, Bengali, Hindi speakers, Nepali and Odia speakers.

Tiwa people
The Tiwa people (also known as Lalung) is a Tibeto-Burmese ethnic group primarily inhabiting the Northeast Indian states of Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur and Nagaland, and some parts of neighbouring Bangladesh and Myanmar.

A striking peculiarity of the Tiwa is their division into two sub-groups, Hills Tiwa and Plains Tiwa. The founder of Tiwa community is Pha Poroi "Indrosing Dewri" who has contributed a lot to the construction of Tiwa society. He also wrote the Tiwa national anthem called - O Angé Tiwa Tosima.
NGC 7047
NGC 7047 is an intermediate spiral galaxy located about 270 million light-years away in the constellation of Aquarius. NGC 7047 is also classified as a LINER-type galaxy. NGC 7047 has an estimated diameter of 127,350 light years. It was discovered by French astronomer Édouard Stephan on August 20, 1873.

One supernova has been observed in NGC 7047: PTF09cjq (type II, mag. unknown) was discovered 22 October 2009 by the Palomar Transient Factory.

Intermediate spiral galaxy
An intermediate spiral galaxy is a galaxy that is in between the classifications of a barred spiral galaxy and an unbarred spiral galaxy. It is designated as SAB in the galaxy morphological classification system devised by Gerard de Vaucouleurs, and is also known as a weakly barred spiral galaxy. Subtypes are labeled as SAB0, SABa, SABb, or SABc, following a sequence analogous to the Hubble sequence for barred and unbarred spirals. The subtype (0, a, b, or c) is based on the relative prominence of the central bulge and how tightly wound the spiral arms are.
Eastern Heights (Tampa)
Eastern Heights is a neighborhood within the district of East Tampa, which represents District 5 of the Tampa City Council. The 2000 census numbers are included with East Tampa. The latest estimated population was 192 and the population density was 2,730 people per square mile.

East Tampa
East Tampa is a district within the city limits of Tampa, Florida. As of the 2010 census the neighborhood had a population of 16,355. The ZIP Codes serving the neighborhood are 33605 and 33610. The district is about four miles northeast of Downtown Tampa.
Hazarajat Campaign of 1843
The Hazarajat Campaign of 1843 began as a result of the post First Anglo-Afghan War situation in Afghanistan. Behsud and Bamiyan had broken away from Afghan rule as a result of the war, and Dost Mohammad sought to reconquer it following his resumption of power in Kabul.

Mohammad Afzal Khan
Mohammad Afzal Khan Barakzai (1815 – 7 October 1867) was the governor of Afghan Turkestan from 1849 to 1863 and was Emir of Afghanistan from May 1866 to October 1867. The oldest son of Dost Mohammad Khan, Afzal Khan was born in Kabul in 1815. His father died on 9 June 1863 followed by a civil war among Dost Mohammad Khan's sons. In May 1866 he seized power from his brother Sher Ali Khan and captured Kabul. A year later he contracted cholera and died on 7 October 1867. Following Afzal Khan's death, Mohammad Azam Khan was proclaimed Amir of Afghanistan. He was an ethnic Pashtun and belonged to the Barakzai tribe.

Mohammad Afzal Khan's third son Abdur Rahman Khan was Emir from 1880 to 1901. Afzal Khan was also responsible for the creation of Takhtapul.
Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow
Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow is the second compilation and first greatest hits album by American singer-songwriter Kenny Loggins. Released in 1997, it contains many of the hit singles from Loggins' solo career, including many of his movie soundtrack contributions, as well as "The Rest of Your Life," a preview of his subsequent album The Unimaginable Life.

In May 2000 the album was certified Platinum by the RIAA.

The Unimaginable Life
The Unimaginable Life is the ninth studio album by American singer-songwriter Kenny Loggins, released on July 8, 1997, to coincide with his book of the same name that he co-wrote with his second wife, Julia. The liner notes include excerpts from the book.
Ninnes, South Australia
Ninnes is a locality at the northeastern corner of Yorke Peninsula and western side of the Mid North of South Australia. It lies where the Upper Yorke Road from Kulpara to Bute is crossed by the road from Paskeville to Lochiel. The dominant industry is broadacre grain and sheep farming.

Kulpara, South Australia
Kulpara is a rural town in South Australia, situated on the Copper Coast Highway and Upper Yorke Road in the Hummocks Range at the northern end of Yorke Peninsula.

The name Kulpara is derived from an Aboriginal word Kula meaning "eucalyptus". The area was proclaimed in 1862, surveyed in 1864 and settled soon after. The township itself was surveyed in 1932 and proclaimed in 1934. A community hall was built in 1902, and replaced by a soldiers' memorial hall in 1953. The school opened in 1877 and expanded in 1957. The Bible Christian church foundation stone was laid in 1879 with services starting soon after. The church building is now a convenience store.

It was the seat of its municipality, the District Council of Kulpara, from 1878 to 1932.

A fossil genus of stromatolite-forming cyanobacteria, Kulparia, was discovered near and named after this town.
CA-group
In mathematics, in the realm of group theory, a group is said to be a CA-group or centralizer abelian group if the centralizer of any non-identity element is an abelian subgroup.  Finite CA-groups are of historical importance as an early example of the type of classifications that would be used in the Feit–Thompson theorem and the classification of finite simple groups.  Several important infinite groups are CA-groups, such as free groups, Tarski monsters, and some Burnside groups, and the locally finite CA-groups have been classified explicitly.  CA-groups are also called commutative-transitive groups (or CT-groups for short) because commutativity is a transitive relation amongst the non-identity elements of a group if and only if the group is a CA-group.

Finite group
In abstract algebra, a finite group is a group whose underlying set is finite.  Finite groups often arise when considering symmetry of mathematical or physical objects, when those objects admit just a finite number of structure-preserving transformations.  Important examples of finite groups include cyclic groups and permutation groups.

The study of finite groups has been an integral part of group theory since it arose in the 19th century.  One major area of study has been classification: the classification of finite simple groups (those with no nontrivial normal subgroup) was completed in 2004.
Phanogomphus borealis
Phanogomphus borealis, the beaverpond clubtail, is a species of clubtail dragonfly in the family Gomphidae. It is found in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada.

Phanogomphus was formerly considered to be a subgenus of Gomphus, but phylogenetic studies have resulted in its promotion to genus rank.

Gomphidae
The Gomphidae are a family of dragonflies commonly referred to as clubtails or club-tailed dragonflies. The family contains about 90 genera and 900 species found across North and South America, Europe, Asia, Australia, and Africa. The name refers to the club-like widening of the end of the abdomen (abdominal segments 7 through 9). However, this club is usually less pronounced in females and is entirely absent in some species.