hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gurindji language
Gurindji /ɡʊˈrɪndʒi/ is a Pama–Nyungan language spoken by the Gurindji and Ngarinyman people in the Northern Territory, Australia. The language of the Gurindji is highly endangered, with about 592 speakers remaining and only 175 of those speakers fully understanding the language. There are in addition about 60 speakers of Ngarinyman dialect. Gurindji Kriol is a mixed language that derives from the Gurindji language.

Patrick McConvell writes: "Traditional Gurindji today is only generally spoken in private contexts between older people, although it is occasionally used in speeches and newly composed songs."

Patrick McConvell also states: "Gurindji has been taught intermittently for short periods as a subject in the local school over the last twenty-five years but mostly has had no role in the curriculum or in official community functions."

The Gurindji language has borrowed many words from surrounding languages such as Gajirrabeng, Ngaliwurru, Jaminjung, Jaru, Miriwung, and Wardaman.

Clitic
In morphology and syntax, a clitic (/ˈklɪtɪk/ KLIT-ik, backformed from Greek ἐγκλιτικός enklitikós "leaning" or "enclitic") is a morpheme that has syntactic characteristics of a word, but depends phonologically on another word or phrase. In this sense, it is syntactically independent but phonologically dependent—always attached to a host. A clitic is pronounced like an affix, but plays a syntactic role at the phrase level. In other words, clitics have the form of affixes, but the distribution of function words.

Clitics can belong to any grammatical category, although they are commonly pronouns, determiners, or adpositions. Note that orthography is not always a good guide for distinguishing clitics from affixes: clitics may be written as separate words, but sometimes they are joined to the word they depend on (like the Latin clitic -que, meaning "and").
Oscar Wirth
Oscar Raúl Wirth Lafuente (born 5 November 1955) is a Chilean football manager and former football goalkeeper who played for Cobreloa (Chile), Rot-Weiß Oberhausen (West Germany), and Real Valladolid (Spain) during his professional career.

Indonesian Independence Cup
The Indonesian Independence Cup (Indonesian: Piala Kemerdekaan) is an international football tournament organised by the Football Association of Indonesia to commemorate the independence day of the Republic of Indonesia. The tournament was held nine times from 1985 until its last edition in 2008. In 2025, this tournament was revived as a preparation event for the U-17 national team.
What We Owe the Future
What We Owe the Future is a 2022 book by the Scottish philosopher and ethicist William MacAskill, an associate professor in philosophy at the University of Oxford. It advocates for effective altruism and the philosophy of longtermism, which MacAskill defines as "the idea that positively influencing the long-term future is a key moral priority of our time.": 4  His argument is based on the premises that future people count, there could be many of them, and we can make their lives better.

Global catastrophic risk
A global catastrophic risk or a doomsday scenario is a hypothetical event that could damage human well-being on a global scale, endangering or even destroying modern civilization. Existential risk is a related term limited to events that could cause full-blown human extinction or permanently and drastically curtail humanity's existence or potential.

In the 21st century, a number of academic and non-profit organizations have been established to research global catastrophic and existential risks, formulate potential mitigation measures, and either advocate for or implement these measures.
Crown Prince Hyodŏk
Prince Hyodŏk (Korean: 효덕태자; Hanja: 孝德太子) was a Goryeo royal family member. He was the first son of Daejong and a grandson of Taejo, the dynasty's founder. He was the oldest brother of King Seongjong, Queen Heonae, and Queen Heonjeong. Since their parents had died when he was young, he was raised by his paternal grandmother, Queen Sinjeong alongside his siblings. Therefore, it was speculated that he lived in Hwangju where Queen Sinjeong came from. Also, since King Gyeongjong's throne was succeeded by his younger brother and not him, so it might be that he died at a young age before the time of throne's ascension.

Gyeongjong of Goryeo
Gyeongjong (9 November 955 – 13 August 981), personal name Wang Chu, was the fifth ruler of the Goryeo dynasty of Korea. He was the eldest son of King Gwangjong and was confirmed as Crown Prince in the year of his birth.

Upon rising to the throne, Gyeongjong established the Jeonsigwa (田柴科, land-allotment system) which established the economic basis for Goryeo's bureaucracy. Following his ascension, he issued pardons for those whom his predecessor had persecuted and even reinstated their titles. Later, according to the Goryeo-sa, he avoided politics and royalty, and spent his time cavorting with commoners as well as indulging in sex or playing baduk.
UGC 4879
UGC 4879, which is also known as VV 124, is the most isolated dwarf galaxy in the periphery of the Local Group. It is an irregular galaxy at a distance of 1.38 Mpc. Low-resolution spectroscopy yielded inconsistent radial velocities for different components of the galaxy, hinting at the presence of a stellar disk. There is also evidence of this galaxy containing dark matter.

Dwarf galaxy
A dwarf galaxy is a small galaxy composed of about 1000 up to several billion stars, as compared to the Milky Way's 200–400 billion stars. The Large Magellanic Cloud, which closely orbits the Milky Way and contains over 30 billion stars, is sometimes classified as a dwarf galaxy; others consider it a full-fledged galaxy. Dwarf galaxies' formation and activity are thought to be heavily influenced by interactions with larger galaxies. Astronomers identify numerous types of dwarf galaxies, based on their shape and composition.
2023 Badminton Asia Junior Championships – Teams event
The teams event of the 2023 Badminton Asia Junior Championships was held from 7–11 July 2023. Thailand was the champion of the last edition held in Suzhou, China in 2019 before COVID-19 pandemic.

14 countries are competing in this event. The group draw was done on 27 June. First seed, China were drawn with the host Indonesia and Vietnam in group A.

2023 Badminton Asia Junior Championships
The 2023 Badminton Asia Junior Championships (officially known as BNI Badminton Asia Junior Championships 2023) was the 23rd edition of the Asia continental junior championships to crown the best U-19 badminton players across Asia. This tournament is held in Among Rogo Sports Hall, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, between 7 and 16 July 2023.
Sklavenitis
Sklavenitis is a Greek-owned supermarket chain operating primarily in Greece and Cyprus. As of March 1, 2017, it became the largest retail group in Greece, following the acquisition of Marinopoulos Group, which had previously held the leading position in the market. The company currently operates 459 stores in Greece and 27 in Cyprus, surpassing competitors such as Masoutis and Alfa-Beta Vassilopoulos (a subsidiary of the Ahold Delhaize Group).

Masoutis
Masoutis (Greek: Μασούτης) is a supermarket chain in Greece. Its headquarters are located in Thessaloniki. The company was established in 1976 by Diamantis Masoutis, its current owner, and the first Masoutis supermarket opened the same year in Thessaloniki city center. Masoutis is the largest regional retail grocery chain in Greece, and the seventh largest supermarket chain in Greece in terms of market share. As of 2025, the company has 365 supermarkets and 23 cash-and-carry stores in Makedonia, Thrace, Thessaly, Epirus, Fthiotida, Thesprotia, Aitoloakarnania, Attiki as well as the islands of Limnos, Lesvos, Chios and Andros.
Phyllonorycter cretaceella
Phyllonorycter cretaceella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Arizona, United States.

The larvae feed on Quercus hypoleuca and Quercus hypoleucoides. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Gracillariidae
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.
Sacco and Vanzetti Battalion
The Sacco and Vanzetti Battalion (Basque: Sacco eta Vanzetti Batailoia; Spanish: Batallón Sacco y Vanzetti) was a military unit of the National Confederation of Labor (CNT) from Euskadi that acted on the Northern Front during the Spanish Civil War. It was No. 4 of the CNT Militias and No. 12 of Euzko Gudarostea.

Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
The Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT; lit. 'National Confederation of Labor') is a Spanish anarcho-syndicalist trade union confederation.

Founded in 1910 in Barcelona from groups brought together by the trade union Solidaridad Obrera, it significantly expanded the role of anarchism in Spain, which can be traced to the creation of the Spanish chapter of the IWA in 1870 and its successor organization, the Federation of Workers of the Spanish Region. Despite several decades when the organization was illegal in Spain, the CNT continues to participate in the Spanish worker's movement, focusing its efforts on the principles of workers' self-management, federalism, and mutual aid.

Historically affiliated with the International Workers' Association (AIT), in 2018, the CNT and other unions founded the International Confederation of Labour (ICL-CIT).
Sihvonen
Sihvonen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Iris Sihvonen (1940–2010), Finnish speedskater

Kari Sihvonen (born 1983), Finnish ice hockey player

Olavi Sihvonen (1918–1984), Finnish skier

Finnish name
In Finland, a person must have a surname and at least one given name with up to four given names permitted. Surnames are inherited either patrilineally or matrilineally, while given names are usually chosen by a person's parents. Finnish names come from a variety of dissimilar traditions that were consolidated only in the early 20th century. The first national act on names came into force in 1921, and it made surnames mandatory. Between 1930 and 1985, the Western Finnish tradition whereby a married woman took her husband's surname was mandatory. Previously in Eastern Finland, this was not necessarily the case. On 1 January 2019, the reformed Act on Forenames and Surnames came into force.

Finnish given names are often of Christian origin (e.g., Jukka from Greek Johannes), but Finnish and Swedish origins are also common.
Composite Bézier curve
In geometric modelling and in computer graphics, a composite Bézier curve or Bezier spline is a spline made out of Bézier curves that is at least  continuous. In other words, a composite Bézier curve is a series of Bézier curves joined end to end where the last point of one curve coincides with the starting point of the next curve. Depending on the application, additional smoothness requirements (such as  or  continuity) may be added.

Perhaps the most common use of composite Béziers is to describe the outline of each letter in a PostScript or PDF file. Such outlines are composed of one béziergon for open letters, or multiple béziergons for closed letters. Modern vector graphics and computer font systems like PostScript, Asymptote, Metafont, OpenType, and SVG use composite Bézier curves composed of cubic Bézier curves (3rd order curves) for drawing curved shapes.

Spline (mathematics)
In mathematics, a spline is a function defined piecewise by polynomials.
In interpolating problems, spline interpolation is often preferred to polynomial interpolation because it yields similar results, even when using low degree polynomials, while avoiding Runge's phenomenon for higher degrees.

In the computer science subfields of computer-aided design and computer graphics, the term spline more frequently refers to a piecewise polynomial (parametric) curve. Splines are popular curves in these subfields because of the simplicity of their construction, their ease and accuracy of evaluation, and their capacity to approximate complex shapes through curve fitting and interactive curve design.

The term spline comes from the flexible spline devices used by shipbuilders and draftsmen to draw smooth shapes.
Ricardo C. Binns
Ricardo Courtney Binns (R.C.Binns) (25 December 1945 – 10 November 2018) was a corporal in the United States Marine Corps and a recipient of the Navy Cross for actions in the Battle of Hill 488 of the Vietnam War. Later in life he became an author. Using the name he was most commonly known by, R. C. Binns, he wrote "We Are Not Warmongers", and The Price of Glory: "Battle of Hill 488".

Navy Cross
The Navy Cross is the United States naval services' second-highest military decoration awarded for sailors and marines who distinguish themselves for extraordinary heroism in combat with an armed enemy force. The medal is equivalent to the Distinguished Service Cross of the United States Army, the Air Force Cross of the United States Air Force and Space Force, and the Coast Guard Cross of the United States Coast Guard; collectively, these awards are known as the "service crosses".

The Navy Cross is bestowed by the secretary of the Navy and may also be awarded to members of the other armed services, and to foreign military personnel while serving with the U.S. naval services. The Navy Cross was established by Act of Congress (Public Law 65-253) and approved on February 4, 1919.
47 Tucanae
47 Tucanae or 47 Tuc (also designated as NGC 104 and Caldwell 106) is a globular cluster located in the constellation Tucana. It is about 4.45 ± 0.01 kpc (14,500 ± 32.6 ly) from Earth, and 120 light years in diameter. 47 Tuc can be seen with the naked eye, with an apparent magnitude of 4.1. It appears about 44 arcminutes across including its far outreaches. Due to its far southern location, 18° from the south celestial pole, it was not catalogued by European astronomers until the 1750s, when the cluster was first identified by Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille from South Africa.

47 Tucanae is the second brightest globular cluster after Omega Centauri, and telescopically reveals about ten thousand stars, many appearing within a small dense central core. The cluster may contain an intermediate-mass black hole.

Metallicity
In astronomy, metallicity is the abundance of elements present in an object that are heavier than hydrogen and helium. Most of the normal currently detectable (i.e. non-dark) matter in the universe is either hydrogen or helium, and astronomers use the word metals as convenient shorthand for all elements except hydrogen and helium. This word-use is distinct from the conventional chemical or physical definition of a metal as an electrically conducting element. Stars and nebulae with relatively high abundances of heavier elements are called metal-rich when discussing metallicity, even though many of those elements are called nonmetals in chemistry.
The Tenderfoot (band)
The Tenderfoot is an English indie rock band featuring members Darren Moon (also of the Modern Ovens), Gavin Moon, Russell Prior, Joel Gibson and Marc Beatty of Brakes.

The band has released two albums to date: Vale Industrial in 2004 and Save The Year in 2005 both on Sony BMG's 5:15 label.

The Tenderfoot's debut was well received, with plays on BBC Radio 1, London's Xfm and 6Music

Members of the band are also associated with acts such as Brakes and The Modern Ovens.

The Tenderfoot also featured on a 2006 Qmagazine compilation Mellow Gold alongside Evan Dando, I Am Kloot and Elliott Smith and on a British Sea Power B-Side for the song "A Lovely Day Tomorrow".

In 2008, the song "People are the Problem" was featured on the Independents Day ID08 compilation album.

Sea Power
Sea Power, previously known as British Sea Power and initially as British Air Powers, are an English alternative rock band. The group's original lineup consisted of Jan Scott Wilkinson, known as Yan; Martin Noble, known as Noble; and Alison Cotton. By the time the band had begun its recording career, Cotton had departed, and two new members had joined: Neil Hamilton Wilkinson, known as Hamilton, and Matthew Wood, known as Woody. Eamon Hamilton joined the band in autumn 2002. He left in 2006 and was replaced by Phil Sumner, with Abi Fry joining the band in 2008.

The wide-ranging nature of the band's material has led critics to liken their sound to a variety of groups, from The Cure and Joy Division to Pixies and Arcade Fire.
WagJag
WagJag is a discount product website based in Toronto, Canada. Founded in 2009, it was owned for six years by Emerge Commerce.

On August 10, 2023, it was announced that Emerge had completed the sale of the website to a subsidiary of BrandFX, in a deal valued at $1 million in cash.

Emerge Commerce
EMERGE Commerce Ltd. (formerly Transformational Capital) is a North American acquirer and operator of niche e-commerce brands with 2M members founded by Ghassan Halazon which operates eight brands. The Company operates various marketplaces and subscription services across wide-ranging categories such as pets products, meat & groceries, golf, and other experiences. The Company is headquartered in Toronto, Canada.
If I Were Boss (1938 film)
If I Were Boss is a 1938 British drama film directed by Maclean Rogers and starring Bruce Seton, Googie Withers and Ian Fleming. It was made at the Walton Studios outside London as a quota quickie for distribution by Columbia Pictures.

Cinematograph Films Act 1927
The Cinematograph Films Act 1927 (17 & 18 Geo. 5. c. 29) was an act of the UK Parliament designed to stimulate the declining British film industry. It received royal assent on 22 December 1927 and came into force on 1 April 1928.
NGC 4753
NGC 4753 is a lenticular galaxy located about 60 million light-years away in the constellation of Virgo. NGC 4753 was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on February 22, 1784. It is notable for having distinct dust lanes that surround its nucleus. It is a member of the NGC 4753 Group of galaxies, which is a member of the Virgo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the southern edge of the Virgo Supercluster.

Virgo (constellation)
Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac. The name means "maiden" in Latin and its traditional astrological symbol is . Between Leo to the west and Libra to the east, lying in the south, it is the second-largest constellation in the sky (after Hydra) and the largest constellation in the zodiac. The ecliptic intersects the celestial equator within this constellation and Pisces. Underlying these technical two definitions, the sun passes directly overhead of the equator, within this constellation, at the September equinox. Virgo can be easily found through its brightest star, Spica, (in Latin "grain headed").
Ville Itälä
Ville Heimo Antero Itälä (born 10 May 1959) is a Finnish politician serving as Director-General of the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) since 2018. He was elected member of the Finnish Parliament (Eduskunta) from the district of Southwest Finland in 1995. Itälä served as the Minister of the Interior under Prime Minister Paavo Lipponen from September 2000 to April 2003. He was elected chairman of the National Coalition Party (Kokoomus) in 2001. Following his resignation as party leader in 2004, he was succeeded by Jyrki Katainen. Itälä was a Member of the European Parliament from 2004 until 29 February 2012. He was a member of the European Court of Auditors from 2012 until February 2018.

European Court of Auditors
The European Court of Auditors (ECA; French: Cour des comptes européenne) is the supreme audit institution of the European Union (EU).  It was established in 1975 in Luxembourg and is one of the seven EU institutions. The Court comprises one member from each EU member state (currently 27) supported by approximately 900 civil servants.
Chornyi Ostriv
Chornyi Ostriv (alternatively: Chornyy Ostriv; "Black Island") can mean:

Chornyi Ostriv, Khmelnytskyi Oblast, an urban-type settlement in Khmelnytskyi Raion, Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine

Chornyi Ostriv, Lviv Oblast, a village in Zhydachiv Raion, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine
Chornyi Ostriv (railway stop), near Chornyi Ostriv, Lviv Oblast, on the Lviv-Chernivtsi line
Battle of Czarny Ostrów, 1657

Chornyi Ostriv, Lviv Oblast
Chornyi Ostriv  (Ukrainian: Чорний Острів) is a village in Stryi Raion, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine. The village has 636 inhabitants (2025).

There is a railway stop, Chornyi Ostriv, located nearby on the Lviv-Chernivtsi line.

In the Second Polish Republic, the town was the seat of the rural commune of Ostrów in the Bóbre County (Lviv Province).
Swain's Wood
Swain's Wood is a 16.2-hectare (40-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest west of Turville in Buckinghamshire. It is in the Chilterns Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and is managed by the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust.

The site is in the upper slopes of a valley, with grassland and scrub, flanked by woodland on both sides. The grassland has varied plant and invertebrate species, including several which are rare, such as the spiders Tapinocyboides pygmaea and Phrurolithus minimus. Around 117 species of spider and over 160 of butterflies and moths have been recorded. Some woodland appears to be ancient; some areas are mainly beech with others mixed. Flowers include orchids, primroses and cowslips.

A permit from the wildlife trust is required for access.

Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust
The Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust (BBOWT) is a Wildlife Trust covering the counties of Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire in England.

The trust was formerly called the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Naturalists' Trust (BBONT).
1973 Union Trust Classic – Singles
The 1973 Union Trust Classic – Singles was an event of the 1973 Union Trust Classic men's tennis tournament that was played in Merrifield, Virginia in the United States from March 19 through March 25, 1973. The draw comprised 32 players and four players were seeded. Stan Smith was the defending singles champion but did not take part in this edition. Unseeded Tom Okker won the title, defeating unseeded Arthur Ashe in the final, 6–3, 6–7(4–7), 7–6(7–3).

1973 Union Trust Classic
The 1973 Union Trust Classic, also known as the Washington Indoor, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Four Seasons Tennis Club in Merrifield, Virginia in the United States that was part of Group B of the 1973 World Championship Tennis circuit. It was the second edition of the tournament and was held from March 19 through March 25, 1973. Unseeded Tom Okker won the singles title and earned $10,000 first-prize money after his opponent in the final, fifth-seeded Arthur Ashe, failed to convert two matchpoints in the final set.
Andrew Morris (mayor)
Andrew Morris, Mayor of Galway, September 1588 to September 1589.

Morris had served as a bailiff for Galway Corporation in 1565. His single term of office occurred during the Spanish Armada. Some two hundred Spanish sailors were imprisoned in the town by June 1589. In the same month arrived Sir William FitzWilliam. On his orders all were beheaded. Only two are said to have survived, been given shelter within the town. The Pope is later said to have sent forgiveness to the town for the deed.

Andrew Morris died in 1594. His descendants include Baron Killanin and John Ford.

William FitzWilliam (Lord Deputy)
Sir William FitzWilliam (1526 – 22 June 1599) was an English statesman who served as Lord Justice of Ireland and afterwards Lord Deputy of Ireland. In 1587, as Governor of Fotheringhay Castle, he supervised the execution of the death sentence on Mary, Queen of Scots. He was the member of parliament for Peterborough and represented County Carlow in the Irish House of Commons. He lived at Gainspark, Essex, and Milton Hall. He has been noted for his corruption during his final term as Lord Deputy, which enabled the Irish confederacy during the early years of the Nine Years' War.